CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Local government in New Zealand - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"55e39786-80fc-4baf-be10-f2adc71bb1a0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Local_government_in_New_Zealand","wgTitle":"Local government in New Zealand","wgCurRevisionId":1258880226,"wgRevisionId":1258880226,"wgArticleId":30472648,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description with empty Wikidata description","Use dmy dates from November 2022","Use New Zealand English from July 2018","All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020","All articles containing potentially dated statements","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022", "Articles slanted towards recent events from October 2022","Local government in New Zealand","Politics of New Zealand"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Local_government_in_New_Zealand","wgRelevantArticleId":30472648,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition": "interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6664403","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES= ["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/1200px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1157"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/800px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="771"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/640px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="617"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Local government in New Zealand - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Local_government_in_New_Zealand rootpage-Local_government_in_New_Zealand skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Local+government+in+New+Zealand" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Local+government+in+New+Zealand" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Local+government+in+New+Zealand" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Local+government+in+New+Zealand" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_framework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_framework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legislative framework</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legislative_framework-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legislative framework subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legislative_framework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Purpose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Purpose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oversight_and_accountability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oversight_and_accountability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Oversight and accountability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oversight_and_accountability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governance_and_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance_and_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Governance and management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance_and_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities_and_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities_and_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Cities and districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities_and_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Community_boards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_boards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Community boards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_boards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-District_health_boards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#District_health_boards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>District health boards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-District_health_boards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_supply_and_sanitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_supply_and_sanitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Water supply and sanitation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_supply_and_sanitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elections-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elections subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ward/constituency_establishment_and_boundary_decisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ward/constituency_establishment_and_boundary_decisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ward/constituency establishment and boundary decisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ward/constituency_establishment_and_boundary_decisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Māori_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Māori_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Māori representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Māori_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Remuneration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remuneration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Remuneration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remuneration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Local government in New Zealand</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="الحكومة المحلية في نيوزيلندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحكومة المحلية في نيوزيلندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helyi_%C3%B6nkorm%C3%A1nyzatok_%C3%9Aj-Z%C3%A9landon" title="Helyi önkormányzatok Új-Zélandon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Helyi önkormányzatok Új-Zélandon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaunihera_o_Aotearoa" title="Kaunihera o Aotearoa – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kaunihera o Aotearoa" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6664403#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Local_government_in_New_Zealand" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Local_government_in_New_Zealand" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Local_government_in_New_Zealand" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&oldid=1258880226" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&id=1258880226&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLocal_government_in_New_Zealand"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLocal_government_in_New_Zealand"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Local_government_in_New_Zealand" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6664403" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of local government in New Zealand</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics of New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/188px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="699" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">Constitution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">Monarch</a> <dl><dd>King <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></span></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="List of governors-general of New Zealand">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Kiro" title="Cindy Kiro">Cindy Kiro</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">Executive Government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_governments" title="List of New Zealand governments">List of governments</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth National Government of New Zealand">current</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers_in_the_New_Zealand_Government" title="Ministers in the New Zealand Government">Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_New_Zealand" title="Executive Council of New Zealand">Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_sector_organisations_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Public sector organisations in New Zealand">State services departments</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/54th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="54th New Zealand Parliament">54th New Zealand Parliament</a></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Brownlee" title="Gerry Brownlee">Gerry Brownlee</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Official Opposition (New Zealand)">Official Opposition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_electorates" title="New Zealand electorates">Electorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand" title="Electoral system of New Zealand">Electoral system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform_in_New_Zealand" title="Electoral reform in New Zealand">Electoral reform</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(New_Zealand)" title="Electoral Commission (New Zealand)">Electoral Commission</a></li> <li>Recent elections: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2014_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2014 New Zealand general election">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2017 New Zealand general election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2020_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2020 New Zealand general election">2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2023 New Zealand general election">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Local: <a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2013 New Zealand local elections">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2016 New Zealand local elections">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2019 New Zealand local elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2022 New Zealand local elections">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_New_Zealand" title="Referendums in New Zealand">Referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_New_Zealand" title="Political funding in New Zealand">Political funding and election expenses</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Zealand" title="Judiciary of New Zealand">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Supreme Court of New Zealand">Supreme Court</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_Zealand" title="Chief Justice of New Zealand">Chief Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Helen_Winkelmann" title="Helen Winkelmann">Helen Winkelmann</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_New_Zealand" title="Court of Appeal of New Zealand">Court of Appeal</a> <dl><dd>President: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Cooper_(judge)" title="Mark Cooper (judge)">Mark Cooper</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="High Court of New Zealand">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="District Court of New Zealand">District Court</a></li> <li>Other courts: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employment_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Employment Court of New Zealand">Employment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Environment_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Environment Court of New Zealand">Environment</a></li></ul></div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>Courts Martial Appeal</li></ul></div> <div class="hlist" style="white-space:nowrap;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Land_Court" title="Māori Land Court">Māori Land</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Waitangi_Tribunal" title="Waitangi Tribunal">Waitangi Tribunal</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Law of New Zealand">Law of New Zealand</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Local government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayors_in_New_Zealand" title="Mayors in New Zealand">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_in_New_Zealand" title="Community boards in New Zealand">Community boards</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_New_Zealand" title="Foreign relations of New Zealand">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade_(New_Zealand)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (New Zealand)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Peters" title="Winston Peters">Winston Peters</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_New_Zealand" title="List of diplomatic missions of New Zealand">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_New_Zealand" title="List of diplomatic missions in New Zealand">in New Zealand</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_passport" title="New Zealand passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_New_Zealand_citizens" title="Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_New_Zealand" title="Visa policy of New Zealand">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_and_the_United_Nations" title="New Zealand and the United Nations">New Zealand and the United Nations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_politics_in_New_Zealand" title="Christian politics in New Zealand">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_conservatism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic conservatism in New Zealand">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_New_Zealand" title="Environmental movement in New Zealand">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascism in New Zealand">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_New_Zealand" title="Feminism in New Zealand">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_liberalism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic liberalism in New Zealand">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism_in_New_Zealand" title="Populism in New Zealand">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_New_Zealand" title="Republicanism in New Zealand">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_New_Zealand" title="Socialism in New Zealand">Socialism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Political history of New Zealand">Political history of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_voting_in_New_Zealand" title="History of voting in New Zealand">History of voting in New Zealand</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Māori politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nuclear-free_zone" title="New Zealand nuclear-free zone">Nuclear-free zone</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">New Zealand portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Template:Politics of New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Template talk:Politics of New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary system of government</a> in which the authority of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">central government</a> defines sub-national entities. <b>Local government in New Zealand</b> has only the powers conferred upon it by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-localcouncils_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-localcouncils-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2002" title="Local Government Act 2002">Local Government Act 2002</a>, local authorities are responsible for enabling democratic local decision-making and promoting the social, economic, environmental, and cultural well-being of their communities, as well as more specific functions for which they have delegated authority. </p><p>As of 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, seventy-eight local authorities cover all areas of New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-localcouncils_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-localcouncils-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local authorities are positioned within a two-tier structure of <a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial authorities">territorial authorities</a> (district and city councils) and superimposed <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">regional councils</a>. In addition, <a href="/wiki/Te_Whatu_Ora" title="Te Whatu Ora">until their abolition in 2022</a>, <a href="/wiki/District_health_board" title="District health board">district health boards</a> were locally-elected bodies with responsibilities for oversight of health and disability services within a specified area, although these boards were not generally considered to be local authorities in the conventional sense. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_former_territorial_authorities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of former territorial authorities in New Zealand">List of former territorial authorities in New Zealand</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Political history of New Zealand">Political history of New Zealand</a></div> <p>The model of local government introduced after New Zealand became a British colony in 1840 had nothing in common with the <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">tribal system</a> practised by <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Derby_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derby-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Constitution_Act_1852" title="New Zealand Constitution Act 1852">New Zealand Constitution Act 1852</a>, a British Act of Parliament, established six <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_New_Zealand" title="Provinces of New Zealand">provinces</a> in New Zealand—<a href="/wiki/Auckland_Province" title="Auckland Province">Auckland</a>, New Plymouth (later to be renamed <a href="/wiki/Taranaki_Province" title="Taranaki Province">Taranaki</a>), <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Province" title="Wellington Province">Wellington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Province" title="Nelson Province">Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Province" title="Canterbury Province">Canterbury</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Otago_Province" title="Otago Province">Otago</a>—based on the six original planned settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinnon2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinnon2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These provinces were largely <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous</a>; each had an elected council and an elected chief official, called a superintendent.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinnon2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinnon2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New Provinces Act 1858 allowed for the creation of <a href="/wiki/Hawke%27s_Bay_Province" title="Hawke's Bay Province">Hawke's Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Province" title="Marlborough Province">Marlborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southland_Province" title="Southland Province">Southland</a> (abolished 1870) and <a href="/wiki/Westland_Province" title="Westland Province">Westland</a> provinces, established between 1858 and 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinnon2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinnon2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McKinnon3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinnon3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Constitution Act also allowed the creation of <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">municipal corporations</a>, or local governments, within provinces. Municipal corporations could be overruled by the province in which they were located.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first municipal corporations established was the <a href="/wiki/Wellington_City_Council" title="Wellington City Council">Wellington City Corporation</a>, created in 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1023981488">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 33%;"><p>The provinces have broken down because of their coming into conflict with the colonial government on many points, and especially on points of finance. Their doom was only a question of time, when it became obvious that they could not raise their own revenue; that they had to look to the general government to supply deficiencies; and that they could not borrow without the colony becoming liable.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Colonial Treasurer <a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Julius Vogel</a>, 1876<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The provinces were abolished in 1876 so that government could be centralised, for financial reasons. Provincial councils were dependent on central government for revenue, and all except Otago and Canterbury were in financial difficulties at the time of their abolition.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinnon3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinnon3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Parliament</a> has been the single and <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty" title="Parliamentary sovereignty">supreme source of power</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—local authorities are created by Parliament, can be abolished by it, and are responsible for discharging functions assigned by it. The former provinces are remembered in <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_New_Zealand" title="Public holidays in New Zealand">regional public holidays</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sporting rivalries.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1876 onwards, councils have had distributed functions, which vary locally. A system of <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_New_Zealand" title="Counties of New Zealand">counties</a> similar to other countries' systems was instituted and persisted with few changes (except for mergers and other localised boundary adjustments) until 1989, when the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand">Fourth Labour Government</a> set about <a href="/wiki/1989_local_government_reforms" class="mw-redirect" title="1989 local government reforms">comprehensively reorganising the local government system</a> by implementing the current two-tier structure of regions and territorial authorities, and reduced the number of local bodies from approximately 850 to 86.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Council" title="Auckland Council">Auckland Council</a> is the newest local authority. It was created on 1 November 2010 following a three-year process that began with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Auckland_Governance" title="Royal Commission on Auckland Governance">Royal Commission on Auckland Governance</a>. Picking up on one of the Royal Commission's recommendations, the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fifth National Government of New Zealand">Fifth National Government</a> combined the functions of the existing <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Regional_Council" title="Auckland Regional Council">Auckland Regional Council</a> and the region's seven previous city and district councils into one "super-city".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Commission_(New_Zealand)" title="Local Government Commission (New Zealand)">Local Government Commission</a> has had a role considering changes to New Zealand's local government structure. Further amalgamations (of the councils in the <a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tasman_District" title="Tasman District">Tasman</a> region, the <a href="/wiki/Hawke%27s_Bay_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawke's Bay Region">Hawkes' Bay</a> region, the <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Region" title="Wellington Region">Wellington region</a>, the three <a href="/wiki/Wairarapa" title="Wairarapa">Wairarapa</a> districts, and the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast, New Zealand">West Coast</a> region) have been mooted but did not receive sufficient public support to progress further.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applications for secession from Auckland Council for the <a href="/wiki/Rodney_District" title="Rodney District">North Rodney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waiheke_Island" title="Waiheke Island">Waiheke Island</a> communities have also failed.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_framework">Legislative framework</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legislative framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The New Zealand Government (by introducing <a href="/wiki/Bill_(law)" title="Bill (law)">bills</a>, promulgating <a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">regulations</a> and recommending <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">Orders in Council</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">New Zealand House of Representatives</a> (by enacting legislation) determine the overarching structure and delegated functions of local government. The general principle is that local government in New Zealand may only do what it is specifically authorised to do, and may not do anything that it is not authorised to do. </p><p>The following is a list of key local government statutes. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2002" title="Local Government Act 2002">Local Government Act 2002</a> is one of the primary pieces of legislation for the sector, along with the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1974_(New_Zealand)" title="Local Government Act 1974 (New Zealand)">Local Government Act 1974</a> (much of which is repealed). It provides for the purpose of local government and key functions including the council's governance and service provision responsibilities, strategic and financial planning requirements, and consultation procedures.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Resource_Management_Act_1991" title="Resource Management Act 1991">Resource Management Act 1991</a> (the RMA) has replaced the <a href="/wiki/Town_and_Country_Planning_Act_1977" title="Town and Country Planning Act 1977">Town and Country Planning Act 1977</a> as the main local government planning legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-Resource_Management_Act_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Resource_Management_Act-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RMA also includes environmental protection laws.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_(Rating)_Act_2002" title="Local Government (Rating) Act 2002">Local Government (Rating) Act 2002</a> empowers local authorities to finance themselves by collecting <a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">property taxes</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Official_Information_and_Meetings_Act_1987" title="Local Government Official Information and Meetings Act 1987">Local Government Official Information and Meetings Act 1987</a> provides for the public right of access to council-held information, and for council decisions to be made in public meetings.</li> <li>Elections and local referendums are held in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Local_Electoral_Act_2001" title="Local Electoral Act 2001">Local Electoral Act 2001</a>.</li> <li>Other responsibilities are prescribed under specific statutes such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sale_and_Supply_of_Alcohol_Act_2012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act 2012 (page does not exist)">Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act 2012</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dog_Control_Act_2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dog Control Act 2000 (page does not exist)">Dog Control Act 2000</a>.</li></ul> <p>Legislation conferring responsibilities on one or several local authorities may be passed from time to time (such as the <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Town_Belt" title="Wellington Town Belt">Wellington Town Belt</a> Act 2016). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purpose">Purpose</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As defined in the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2002" title="Local Government Act 2002">Local Government Act 2002</a>, the purpose of local government is: </p> <ul><li>to enable democratic local decision-making and action by, and on behalf of, communities; and</li> <li>to promote the social, economic, environmental, and cultural well-being of communities in the present and for the future.<sup id="cite_ref-LGA_2002_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGA_2002-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Between 2013 and 2019, the second purpose statement was, instead, "to meet the current and future needs of communities for good-quality local infrastructure, local <a href="/wiki/Public_service" title="Public service">public services</a> and performance of regulatory functions in a way that is most cost-effective for households and <a href="/wiki/Company" title="Company">businesses</a>." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oversight_and_accountability">Oversight and accountability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oversight and accountability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Local authorities are functionally independent but are subject to audit requirements (for example, of their financial statements and plans) through Audit New Zealand under the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Controller_and_Auditor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Controller and Auditor-General of New Zealand">controller and auditor-general</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roles_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roles-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Internal_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Internal Affairs (New Zealand)">Department of Internal Affairs</a> carries out some monitoring functions on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Local_Government_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Local Government (New Zealand)">minister of local government</a>, who has a range of intervention functions that the minister may exercise in response to a poor-performing council.<sup id="cite_ref-Roles_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roles-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the minister may appoint a Crown observer or, in extreme situations, remove the elected members and appoint commissioners.<sup id="cite_ref-LGA_2002_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGA_2002-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: §258B">: §258B </span></sup> However, the primary way that local authority elected members are held accountable is through the triennial local elections. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NZ_Regional_Councils_and_Territorial_Authorities_2017.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NZ_Regional_Councils_and_Territorial_Authorities_2017.svg/280px-NZ_Regional_Councils_and_Territorial_Authorities_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NZ_Regional_Councils_and_Territorial_Authorities_2017.svg/420px-NZ_Regional_Councils_and_Territorial_Authorities_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NZ_Regional_Councils_and_Territorial_Authorities_2017.svg/560px-NZ_Regional_Councils_and_Territorial_Authorities_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="1746" /></a><figcaption>Map of regions (coloured) with territorial authorities delineated by black lines. City names are in all upper case, and district names have initial capitals.</figcaption></figure> <p>New Zealand has two tiers of local government. The top tier consists of <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">regional councils</a>, of which there are eleven.<sup id="cite_ref-localcouncils_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-localcouncils-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regional councils are responsible for activities such as environmental and public transport planning. The second tier consists of <a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">territorial authorities</a>, of which there are sixty-seven: thirteen <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">city councils</a>, fifty-three <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Districts of New Zealand">district councils</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham Islands Council">Chatham Islands Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-localcouncils_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-localcouncils-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-profiles_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profiles-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gillespie_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gillespie-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Territorial authorities manage the most direct local public services, such as <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_New_Zealand" title="Water supply and sanitation in New Zealand">water supply and sanitation</a>, road infrastructure, and museums and libraries. Together, regional and territorial authorities are called local authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Five territorial authorities (<a href="/wiki/Auckland_Council" title="Auckland Council">Auckland Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gisborne_District" title="Gisborne District">Gisborne District Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_City_Council" title="Nelson City Council">Nelson City Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasman_District_Council" title="Tasman District Council">Tasman District Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Marlborough Region">Marlborough District Council</a>) are <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitary authorities">unitary authorities</a>, meaning they perform the functions of a regional council in addition to those of a territorial authority. The local authority for the outlying <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a> has its own legislation (the Chatham Islands Council Act 1995, which replaced the Chatham Islands County Council Empowering Act 1980) and has unique powers similar to those of a unitary authority.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most territorial authorities are wholly within one region, but six districts (<a href="/wiki/Rotorua_Lakes_District" title="Rotorua Lakes District">Rotorua Lakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taup%C5%8D_District" title="Taupō District">Taupō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stratford_District,_New_Zealand" title="Stratford District, New Zealand">Stratford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangitikei_District" title="Rangitikei District">Rangitikei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tararua_District" title="Tararua District">Tararua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waitaki_District" title="Waitaki District">Waitaki</a>) fall within two or more regions. There is no formal reporting relationship between a regional council and the territorial authorities in its region, but they work together on some matters including <a href="/wiki/Civil_defense" title="Civil defense">civil defence</a> and regional planning.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Local Government Act 2002 provides for the establishment of joint committees of multiple territorial authorities for these purposes. </p><p>The external boundaries of a local authority can be changed by an <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">Order in Council</a> or through notice in the <i><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Gazette" title="New Zealand Gazette">New Zealand Gazette</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_outlying_islands" title="New Zealand outlying islands">outlying islands</a> do not fall within the jurisdiction of any territorial authority; for those islands, the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Local_Government_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Local Government (New Zealand)">Minister of Local Government</a> acts as the territorial authority. The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Internal_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Internal Affairs (New Zealand)">Department of Internal Affairs</a> provides administration on behalf of the minister.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regional councils</a> </th> <td style="background:#e7e7ff;">11 non-unitary regionals </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#eef;">5 <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitary authorities">unitary authorities</a> (2 cities and 3 districts) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#eef;"><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#eef;"><a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Islands" title="Kermadec Islands">Kermadec Islands</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Subantarctic_Islands" title="New Zealand Subantarctic Islands">New Zealand Subantarctic Islands</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Three_Kings_Islands_/_Manawat%C4%81whi" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Kings Islands / Manawatāwhi">Three Kings Islands / Manawatāwhi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities</a> </th> <td style="background:#f4f4ff;">11 <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">cities</a> and 50 <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Districts of New Zealand">districts</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:12px;font-size:90%;"> <th style="background:#fcfcff;">Notes </th> <td style="background:#fcfcff;">6 districts lie in more than one region </td> <td style="background:#fcfcff;">These combine the regional and the territorial authority levels in one </td> <td style="background:#fcfcff;">Special territorial authority </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#fcfcff;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_outlying_islands" title="New Zealand outlying islands">New Zealand outlying islands</a> outside any regional authority (the outlying <a href="/wiki/Solander_Islands" title="Solander Islands">Solander Islands</a> form a part of the <a href="/wiki/Southland,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Southland, New Zealand">Southland Region</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance_and_management">Governance and management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Governance and management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each elected council is responsible for the local authority's <a href="/wiki/Governance" title="Governance">governance</a> and employs a chief executive, who is responsible for its <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">management</a>. The chief executive's role, outlined in the Local Government Act 2002, is to advise the council and implement its decisions, as well as employing staff and ensuring that all of a council's legal responsibilities are attended to. The term of a chief executive's employment is for up to five years, which may be extended to a maximum of seven years. Much of the governance and regulatory responsibilities of councils are transacted by committees or by the chief executive's staff, under delegation from the full council, although the level of delegation varies between councils. Councils may also choose to establish and delegate functions to companies or trusts (known as <a href="/wiki/Council-controlled_organisation" title="Council-controlled organisation">council-controlled organisations</a> or council-controlled trading organisations when the local authority has the majority interest). </p><p>Regional councils and territorial authorities have different statutory responsibilities from one another, as well as other key differences in terms of their governance structures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions">Regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regions of New Zealand</a></div> <p>There are eleven regional councils and five unitary authorities. Regional council duties include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental management">environmental management</a>, particularly air and water quality and catchment control under the <a href="/wiki/Resource_Management_Act_1991" title="Resource Management Act 1991">Resource Management Act 1991</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Resource_Management_Act_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Resource_Management_Act-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>regional aspects of <a href="/wiki/Civil_defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil defence">civil defence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gillespie_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gillespie-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>transportation planning and contracting of subsidised public passenger transport.<sup id="cite_ref-infosheet_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infosheet-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Regional councils are funded through <a href="/wiki/Rates_(tax)#New_Zealand" title="Rates (tax)">rates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidies</a> from central government, income from trading, and user charges for certain public services.<sup id="cite_ref-Derby_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derby-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Councils set their own levels of rates, though the mechanism for collecting it usually involves channelling through the territorial authority collection system.<sup id="cite_ref-LGRA_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGRA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities_and_districts">Cities and districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cities and districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities of New Zealand</a></div> <p>The territorial authorities consist of thirteen <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand#City_councils" title="List of cities in New Zealand">city councils</a>, fifty-three <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Districts of New Zealand">district councils</a> and one special council for the <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-profiles_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profiles-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A city is defined in the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2002" title="Local Government Act 2002">Local Government Act 2002</a> as an urban area with 50,000 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-Local_Government_Act_2002_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Local_Government_Act_2002-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A district council serves a combination of rural and urban communities. Councillors are either elected through <a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">wards</a> or at large. An additional member is the <a href="/wiki/Mayors_in_New_Zealand" title="Mayors in New Zealand">mayor</a>, who is elected at large and chairs the council.<sup id="cite_ref-Local_Government_Act_2002_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Local_Government_Act_2002-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like regional councils, they too set their own levels of rates.<sup id="cite_ref-LGRA_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGRA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Territorial authorities manage the most direct government services, such as <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_New_Zealand" title="Water supply and sanitation in New Zealand">water supply and sanitation</a>, local transport infrastructure, the approval of <a href="/wiki/Building_consent_authority" title="Building consent authority">building consents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a>, and libraries, museums and recreational facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-infosheet_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infosheet-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Parliament sets the roles of local government in legislation, the level and type of services supplied are determined locally in public meetings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Community_boards">Community boards</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Community boards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Community_boards_in_New_Zealand" title="Community boards in New Zealand">Community boards in New Zealand</a></div> <p>Territorial authorities may establish and delegate powers to community boards. The boundaries of community boards may be reviewed before each triennial local government election; this is provided for in the Local Electoral Act 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These boards, instituted at the behest of either local citizens or territorial authorities, advocate community views but cannot levy taxes, appoint staff, or own property.<sup id="cite_ref-Gillespie_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gillespie-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auckland Council has, and other unitary authorities may (but do not yet) have, a system of local boards, which have a different set of responsibilities and accountabilities to community boards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="District_health_boards">District health boards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: District health boards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/District_health_board" title="District health board">District health board</a></div> <p>New Zealand's health sector was restructured several times during the 20th century. The most recent restructuring occurred in 2001, with new legislation creating twenty-one district health boards (DHBs). These boards are responsible for the oversight of health and disability services within their communities.<sup id="cite_ref-DHB_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHB-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elections for seven members of each district health board are held alongside elections for territorial and regional authorities. These members are directly elected by residents of their area, at-large (except for the <a href="/wiki/Southern_District_Health_Board" title="Southern District Health Board">Southern District Health Board</a>, which draws its members from two constituencies), using the <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">single transferable vote</a> system. In addition, the Minister of Health may appoint up to four members. The Minister of Health also assigns who will be the chair and deputy chair of the board. There are currently twenty DHBs.<sup id="cite_ref-DHB_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHB-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Minister has power to replace a Board considered to be performing poorly; Commissioners have been appointed on three occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand">Sixth Labour Government</a> announced that the system of district health boards will be abolished and replaced by a single agency to be called <a href="/wiki/Health_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Health New Zealand">Health New Zealand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuff_21_April_2021_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff_21_April_2021-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, a new <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Health_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Health Authority">Māori Health Authority</a> will be set up to regulate and provide health services to the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RNZ_health_shake-up_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZ_health_shake-up-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_supply_and_sanitation">Water supply and sanitation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Water supply and sanitation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Water_Services_Reform_Programme" title="Water Services Reform Programme">Water Services Reform Programme</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_New_Zealand" title="Water supply and sanitation in New Zealand">Water supply and sanitation in New Zealand</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Recentism plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Recentism" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/40px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/60px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/80px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>appears to be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recentism" title="Wikipedia:Recentism">slanted towards recent events</a>.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit">add more content</a> related to non-recent events.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Water supply and sanitation in New Zealand is provided for most people by infrastructure owned by territorial authorities, including city councils in urban areas and district councils in rural areas. As at 2021, there are 67 asset-owning organisations.<sup id="cite_ref-dia_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dia-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Central government is developing a major programme of nationwide reform with the aim of rationalising the provision of services for three waters. It is proposed that a small number of large publicly owned entities will be established to own and manage the three waters assets across the country. The reforms include complete separation of asset ownership from the existing territorial authorities. The nationwide reform programme is being developed in partnership with local government and iwi/Māori as the Crown’s Treaty partner.<sup id="cite_ref-dia_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dia-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charges for water services typically represent around 40% of a rates bill in an urban area.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a submission on the Local Government Act 2002 Amendment Bill 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Hauraki_District_Council" title="Hauraki District Council">Hauraki District Council</a> made the following comments about the sustainability of local authorities if the revenue associated with water and transport were transferred to other bodies:<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We note and share LGNZ’s concern that removing a large degree of a rural local authority’s expenditure through transferring water and transport services to another body will have significant financial implications for the sustainability of that local authority. The net effect of such transfers, particularly in geographical areas comprising a number of rural local authorities, could be the need for the formation of larger authorities – amalgamation by stealth. It is of upmost concern to us that our local democracy and decision-making could be lost as a result.</p></blockquote> <p>In late October 2021, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Local_Government_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Local Government (New Zealand)">Local Government Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Nanaia_Mahuta" title="Nanaia Mahuta">Nanaia Mahuta</a> unveiled the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand">Labour Government</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Water_Services_Reform_Programme" title="Water Services Reform Programme">Three Waters reform programme</a>". The proposals envisaged taking the administration of New Zealand's storm-water, drinking-water and wastewater from existing local councils and existing territorial bodies and transferring these tasks to new local-government authorities. These proposed reforms would transfer management of water services and assets to the control of four new water entities by July 2024. These entities would be managed by independent boards jointly elected by a group set up by councils and by Māori <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a> (tribes).<sup id="cite_ref-Stuff_Three_Waters_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff_Three_Waters-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RNZ_Three_Waters_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZ_Three_Waters-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opposition <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> and <a href="/wiki/ACT_New_Zealand" title="ACT New Zealand">ACT</a> parties vowed to repeal the Three Waters reforms if elected into government.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 April 2023, the Labour Government announced a major overhaul of the Three Waters programme, renaming it the <a href="/wiki/Water_Services_Reform_Programme" title="Water Services Reform Programme">Water Services Reform Programme</a>. The proposed four water services entities were expanded into ten entities but will retain the same split <a href="/wiki/Co-governance" title="Co-governance">co-governance</a> structure consisting of representatives of local councils and <a href="/wiki/Mana_whenua" class="mw-redirect" title="Mana whenua">mana whenua</a> representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2023, the newly-formed <a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth National Government of New Zealand">Sixth National Government</a> announced plans to repeal the Three Waters legislative framework as part of their 100-day action plan.<sup id="cite_ref-RNZ_27_Nov_2023_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZ_27_Nov_2023-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beehive_Three_Waters_repeal_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beehive_Three_Waters_repeal-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 February 2024, the National-led government passed urgent legislation repealing the previous Labour Government's Three Waters legislation. The Government also announced plans to introduce replacement legislation allowing councils to form their own groups or council-controlled organisations to manage water supply and infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 August 2024, Brown announced that council-controlled organisations would be able to borrow money for water infrastructure from the Local Government Funding Agency. Under the Government's first Local Water Done Well legislation, local councils have a year to develop plans for funding water services they need and ensuring their financial sustainability.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections">Elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Local_elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Local elections in New Zealand">Local elections in New Zealand</a></div> <p>Each of the regions and territorial authorities is governed by a council, which is <a href="/wiki/Local_elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Local elections in New Zealand">directly elected</a> by the residents of that region, district or city every three years in October. The <a href="/wiki/Local_Electoral_Act_2001" title="Local Electoral Act 2001">Local Electoral Act 2001</a> sets out the common framework for election management and permits, to some extent, for each council to determine its own electoral arrangements. Councils may choose their own: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voting_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting method">voting method</a> (either paper-based booth voting or <a href="/wiki/Postal_voting" title="Postal voting">all-postal voting</a>);</li> <li>electoral system (either <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post voting</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">single transferable vote</a>);</li> <li>the number of members on the council, excluding the mayor (between 6 and 29, except for Auckland Council which is fixed at 20);</li> <li>whether those councillors are elected at-large or through a system of <a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">wards</a> (and decide the boundaries for those wards);</li> <li>whether the district will have dedicated Māori representation; and</li> <li>the order of names on the voting document.</li></ul> <p>At the regional council level, wards are known as constituencies. Because of the geographic and populational size of regional councils there is a legislative requirement for each regional council to have at least two constituencies. Other than Auckland Council, territorial authorities may also choose whether or not to establish one or more <a href="/wiki/Community_boards_in_New_Zealand" title="Community boards in New Zealand">community boards</a>, which form the lowest and weakest arm of local government.<sup id="cite_ref-glossary_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glossary-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Electors of territorial authorities directly elect their city or district's own <a href="/wiki/Mayors_in_New_Zealand" title="Mayors in New Zealand">mayor</a>, alongside local councillors and (if established prior to the elections) community board members. Regional councils do not have a directly-elected mayor; instead, a chairperson is chosen from within the ranks of the elected councillors by the council at its first meeting following the elections. </p><p>Due to the primary revenue stream of many territorial authorities being <a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">property taxes</a> (rates), electors are entitled to register and vote in the local elections of cities, districts and regions where they pay rates but do not reside. About 12,700 such ratepayer votes were cast in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ward/constituency_establishment_and_boundary_decisions"><span id="Ward.2Fconstituency_establishment_and_boundary_decisions"></span>Ward/constituency establishment and boundary decisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ward/constituency establishment and boundary decisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every six years, the <a href="/wiki/Local_Electoral_Act_2001" title="Local Electoral Act 2001">Local Electoral Act 2001</a> requires councils to review their representation arrangements. Unlike for the boundaries of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_electorates" title="New Zealand electorates">parliamentary electorates</a>, which are determined by an independent commission, councils make their own representation decisions. In the year prior to an election, the outgoing council may determine the number of members it has after its next election, and whether those members are elected by wards/constituencies or at large. The council may also consider whether to establish (or disestablish) community boards. Councils are required to give consideration to "fair and effective representation" when making their decisions. Appeals on council decisions for general representation arrangements may be appealed to the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Commission_(New_Zealand)" title="Local Government Commission (New Zealand)">Local Government Commission</a>. If a council's decision does not meet the statutory definitions of fair and effective representation then it is automatically appealed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Māori_representation"><span id="M.C4.81ori_representation"></span>Māori representation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Māori representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_wards_and_constituencies" title="Māori wards and constituencies">Māori wards and constituencies</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_wards_and_constituencies" title="Māori wards and constituencies">Māori wards and constituencies</a> are wards and constituencies on local government and regional bodies that represent local constituents registered on the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> parliamentary electoral roll vote. Like <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori electorates</a> within the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a>, their purpose is to ensure that Māori are represented in the local government policy process.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Māori wards and constituencies have been a polarising issue in New Zealand politics. While the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand">Green</a>, and <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Party">Māori</a> parties have supported Māori wards and constituencies in order to boost Māori participation in the political process, they have been opposed by the centre-right <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National Party</a>, the populist <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_First" title="New Zealand First">New Zealand First</a> Party, and the libertarian <a href="/wiki/ACT_New_Zealand" title="ACT New Zealand">ACT Party</a> on the grounds that they promote ethnic division and alleged <a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">separatism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hayward_Treaty_Challenge_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayward_Treaty_Challenge-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RNZ_wards_amendment_bill_passes_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZ_wards_amendment_bill_passes-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Māori wards and constituencies were first introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Plenty_Regional_Council" title="Bay of Plenty Regional Council">Bay of Plenty Regional Council</a> in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-Hayward_Treaty_Challenge_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayward_Treaty_Challenge-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efforts to introduce them to other local and regional government bodies in New Zealand were complicated by a poll provision allowing referendums on the issue of introducing Māori wards and constituencies.<sup id="cite_ref-Voting_and_councillor_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voting_and_councillor-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, attempts to introduce Māori wards and constituencies were defeated at several polls in <a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth" title="New Plymouth">New Plymouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Bay_of_Plenty_District_Council" title="Western Bay of Plenty District Council">Western Bay of Plenty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whakat%C4%81ne" title="Whakatāne">Whakatāne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manawat%C5%AB_District" title="Manawatū District">Manawatu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kaik%C5%8Dura" title="Kaikōura">Kaikōura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Plymouth_No_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Plymouth_No-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RNZ_22_May_2018_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZ_22_May_2018-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mayor_gutted_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayor_gutted-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Manawatu_No_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manawatu_No-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maori_TV_21_May_2018_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maori_TV_21_May_2018-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late February 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand">Sixth Labour Government</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Local_Electoral_(M%C4%81ori_Wards_and_M%C4%81ori_Constituencies)_Amendment_Act_2021" title="Local Electoral (Māori Wards and Māori Constituencies) Amendment Act 2021">Local Electoral (Māori Wards and Māori Constituencies) Amendment Act 2021</a>, which eliminated the poll provision for establishing Māori wards and constituencies.<sup id="cite_ref-NZH_ward_amendment_bill_passes_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZH_ward_amendment_bill_passes-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RNZ_wards_amendment_bill_passes_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZ_wards_amendment_bill_passes-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late July 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth National Government of New Zealand">Sixth National Government</a> passed legislation reinstating the poll provision for establishing and retaining Māori wards.<sup id="cite_ref-RNZ_30_Jul_2024_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZ_30_Jul_2024-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NZH_30_Jul_2024_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZH_30_Jul_2024-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of this policy reversal, local and regional councils that have already established a Māori ward without a referendum are now required to hold a binding poll alongside the <a href="/wiki/2025_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2025 New Zealand local elections">2025 New Zealand local elections</a> or to disestablish them.<sup id="cite_ref-RNZ_30_Jul_2024_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZ_30_Jul_2024-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Remuneration">Remuneration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Remuneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the Remuneration Authority Act 1977 and clauses 6 and 7A of Schedule 7 of the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2002" title="Local Government Act 2002">Local Government Act 2002</a>, pay rates for members of local bodies are set each year by the <a href="/wiki/Civil_list#New_Zealand" title="Civil list">Remuneration Authority</a>. In 2021 the annual salary scales ranged from $296,000 for the Mayor of Auckland to $2,030 for members of several community boards.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_bill/lgb18951031192/">1895 Local Government Bill</a>, which failed to pass, it was proposed council chairmen should be paid £400 a year.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Section 15 of the Local Bodies' Proceedings and Powers Act 1953 allowed up to £750 (in 2022 equivalent to about $48,000) for Mayors of Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin and £500 for the chairmen of counties.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">New Zealand portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_New_Zealand" title="Local Government New Zealand">Local Government New Zealand</a>, represents the interests of local government bodies</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Local_Government" title="New Zealand Local Government">New Zealand Local Government</a></i>, a monthly trade magazine published since 1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_local_government_and_human_rights" title="New Zealand local government and human rights">New Zealand local government and human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a>, including associated states and dependencies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_outlying_islands" title="New Zealand outlying islands">New Zealand outlying islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1974_(New_Zealand)" title="Local Government Act 1974 (New Zealand)">Local Government Act 1974 (New Zealand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2002" title="Local Government Act 2002">Local Government Act 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Local elections in New Zealand">Local elections in New Zealand</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-localcouncils-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-localcouncils_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-localcouncils_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-localcouncils_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-localcouncils_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localcouncils.govt.nz/lgip.nsf/wpg_URL/About-Local-Government-Index?OpenDocument">"Local government in New Zealand"</a>. <i>localcouncils.govt.nz</i>. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Internal_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Internal Affairs (New Zealand)">Department of Internal Affairs</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=localcouncils.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Local+government+in+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.localcouncils.govt.nz%2Flgip.nsf%2Fwpg_URL%2FAbout-Local-Government-Index%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Derby-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Derby_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Derby_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerby2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Derby, Mark (17 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/local-and-regional-government">"Local and regional government"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Local+and+regional+government&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2015-02-17&rft.aulast=Derby&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Flocal-and-regional-government&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKinnon2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McKinnon2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinnon2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinnon2_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnon2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McKinnon, Malcolm (20 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/colonial-and-provincial-government/page-2">"Colonial and provincial government – Colony and provinces, 1852 to 1863"</a>. <i>Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Colonial+and+provincial+government+%E2%80%93+Colony+and+provinces%2C+1852+to+1863&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2012-06-20&rft.aulast=McKinnon&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fcolonial-and-provincial-government%2Fpage-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKinnon3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McKinnon3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinnon3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnon2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McKinnon, Malcolm (20 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/colonial-and-provincial-government/page-4">"Colonial and provincial government – Julius Vogel and the abolition of provincial government"</a>. <i>Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Colonial+and+provincial+government+%E2%80%93+Julius+Vogel+and+the+abolition+of+provincial+government&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2012-06-20&rft.aulast=McKinnon&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fcolonial-and-provincial-government%2Fpage-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstitution_Act1852" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-GovCons-t1-body-d1-d1.html">"New Zealand Constitution Act 1852"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a> – New Zealand Electronic Text Collection. 30 June 1852<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Constitution+Act+1852&rft.pub=Victoria+University+of+Wellington+%E2%80%93+New+Zealand+Electronic+Text+Collection&rft.date=1852-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnzetc.victoria.ac.nz%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2Ftei-GovCons-t1-body-d1-d1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wellington.govt.nz/about-wellington/history/history-of-wellington/1865-1890">"History of Wellington 1865 – 1870"</a>. Wellington City Council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Wellington+1865+%E2%80%93+1870&rft.pub=Wellington+City+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwellington.govt.nz%2Fabout-wellington%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-of-wellington%2F1865-1890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives</i>, 1876, p. B-2, p. 12</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Appendix+to+the+Journals+of+the+House+of+Representatives&rft.pages=B-2%2C+p.+12&rft.date=1876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wilson, John (16 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/nation-and-government/page-2">"Nation and government – From colony to nation"</a>. <i>Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nation+and+government+%E2%80%93+From+colony+to+nation&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2016-09-16&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fnation-and-government%2Fpage-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.employment.govt.nz/leave-and-holidays/public-holidays/public-holidays-and-anniversary-dates/">"Holidays and anniversary dates (2017–2020)"</a>. Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Holidays+and+anniversary+dates+%282017%E2%80%932020%29&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Business%2C+Innovation+and+Employment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.employment.govt.nz%2Fleave-and-holidays%2Fpublic-holidays%2Fpublic-holidays-and-anniversary-dates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/regional-rugby/overview">"Overview – regional rugby"</a>. <i>nzhistory.govt.nz</i>. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 30 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzhistory.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Overview+%E2%80%93+regional+rugby&rft.date=2015-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzhistory.govt.nz%2Fculture%2Fregional-rugby%2Foverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerby2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Derby, Mark (1 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/local-and-regional-government/page-5">"Local and regional government – Reforming local government"</a>. <i>Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Local+and+regional+government+%E2%80%93+Reforming+local+government&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.aulast=Derby&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Flocal-and-regional-government%2Fpage-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2009" class="citation news cs1">Thompson, Wayne (28 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10563984">"Super-city tipped to save $113m a year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Super-city+tipped+to+save+%24113m+a+year&rft.date=2009-03-28&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D10563984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170723201343/http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/EN/AboutCouncil/HowCouncilWorks/auckland_council_explained/background_information/Pages/Home.aspx">"Background to Auckland's local government changes"</a>. Auckland Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/EN/AboutCouncil/HowCouncilWorks/auckland_council_explained/background_information/Pages/Home.aspx">the original</a> on 23 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+to+Auckland%27s+local+government+changes&rft.pub=Auckland+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz%2FEN%2FAboutCouncil%2FHowCouncilWorks%2Fauckland_council_explained%2Fbackground_information%2FPages%2FHome.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2009/0032/latest/DLM2044909.html">"Local Government (Auckland Council) Act 2009 No 32 (as at 10 May 2016), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation"</a>. Parliamentary Counsel Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Government+%28Auckland+Council%29+Act+2009+No+32+%28as+at+10+May+2016%29%2C+Public+Act+Contents+%E2%80%93+New+Zealand+Legislation&rft.pub=Parliamentary+Counsel+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F2009%2F0032%2Flatest%2FDLM2044909.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lgc.govt.nz/local-government-reorganisation/previous-applications/">"Previous applications"</a>. <i>lgc.govt.nz</i>. Local Government Commission<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lgc.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Previous+applications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flgc.govt.nz%2Flocal-government-reorganisation%2Fprevious-applications%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/99399759/no-auckland-secession-north-rodney-and-waihekes-supercity-breakup-proposals-declined">"No Auckland secession: North Rodney and Waiheke's super-city breakup proposals declined"</a>. <i>Stuff</i>. 30 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=No+Auckland+secession%3A+North+Rodney+and+Waiheke%27s+super-city+breakup+proposals+declined&rft.date=2017-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fauckland%2F99399759%2Fno-auckland-secession-north-rodney-and-waihekes-supercity-breakup-proposals-declined&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Resource_Management_Act-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Resource_Management_Act_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Resource_Management_Act_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1991/0069/latest/DLM230265.html">"Resource Management Act 1991 No 69 (as at 13 December 2016), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation"</a>. Parliamentary Counsel Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resource+Management+Act+1991+No+69+%28as+at+13+December+2016%29%2C+Public+Act+Contents+%E2%80%93+New+Zealand+Legislation&rft.pub=Parliamentary+Counsel+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F1991%2F0069%2Flatest%2FDLM230265.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGA_2002-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LGA_2002_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LGA_2002_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2002/0084/latest/whole.html">"Local Government Act 2002 No 84 (as at 01 November 2020), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation"</a>. <i>legislation.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legislation.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Local+Government+Act+2002+No+84+%28as+at+01+November+2020%29%2C+Public+Act+%E2%80%93+New+Zealand+Legislation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F2002%2F0084%2Flatest%2Fwhole.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roles-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roles_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roles_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.localcouncils.govt.nz/LGIP.nsf/wpgURL/About-Local-Government-Roles-of-Central-Government-Agencies-Index">"Roles of central government agencies"</a>. <i>www.localcouncils.govt.nz</i>. Local Government in New Zealand.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.localcouncils.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Roles+of+central+government+agencies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.localcouncils.govt.nz%2FLGIP.nsf%2FwpgURL%2FAbout-Local-Government-Roles-of-Central-Government-Agencies-Index&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-profiles-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-profiles_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-profiles_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localcouncils.govt.nz/lgip.nsf/wpg_url/Profiles-Councils-by-Type-Index#Unitary">"Council Profiles by Type"</a>. Department of Internal Affairs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Council+Profiles+by+Type&rft.pub=Department+of+Internal+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.localcouncils.govt.nz%2Flgip.nsf%2Fwpg_url%2FProfiles-Councils-by-Type-Index%23Unitary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gillespie-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gillespie_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gillespie_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gillespie_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillespie2009" class="citation book cs1">Gillespie, Carol Ann (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p53RPrBG5SoC&pg=PA60"><i>New Zealand</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. pp. 60–61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438105246" title="Special:BookSources/9781438105246"><bdi>9781438105246</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand&rft.pages=60-61&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781438105246&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=Carol+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp53RPrBG5SoC%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localcouncils.govt.nz/LGIP.nsf/%20wpg_URL/Resources-Glossary-Index">"Glossary"</a>. <i>www.localcouncils.govt.nz</i>. Local authority<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.localcouncils.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Glossary&rft.pages=Local+authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.localcouncils.govt.nz%2FLGIP.nsf%2F%2520wpg_URL%2FResources-Glossary-Index&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1995/0041/latest/DLM367666.html">"Chatham Islands Council Act 1995 No 41 (as at 01 July 2013), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation"</a>. Parliamentary Counsel Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chatham+Islands+Council+Act+1995+No+41+%28as+at+01+July+2013%29%2C+Public+Act+Contents+%E2%80%93+New+Zealand+Legislation&rft.pub=Parliamentary+Counsel+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F1995%2F0041%2Flatest%2FDLM367666.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lgc.govt.nz/lgcwebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Resources-Local-Government-Boundaries-Index!OpenDocument">"Local government boundaries"</a>. Local Government Commission<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+government+boundaries&rft.pub=Local+Government+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgc.govt.nz%2Flgcwebsite.nsf%2Fwpg_URL%2FResources-Local-Government-Boundaries-Index%21OpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localcouncils.govt.nz/lgip.nsf/wpg_url/About-Local-Government-Roles-of-Central-Government-Agencies-offshore-Islands">"Offshore islands"</a>. <i>www.localcouncils.govt.nz</i>. Department of Internal Affairs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.localcouncils.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Offshore+islands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.localcouncils.govt.nz%2Flgip.nsf%2Fwpg_url%2FAbout-Local-Government-Roles-of-Central-Government-Agencies-offshore-Islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-infosheet-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-infosheet_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-infosheet_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lgnz.co.nz/assets/LG-Info-Sheet-for-Youth.pdf">"Your Local Council"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>localcouncils.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=localcouncils.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Your+Local+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgnz.co.nz%2Fassets%2FLG-Info-Sheet-for-Youth.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGRA-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LGRA_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LGRA_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localcouncils.govt.nz/lgip.nsf/wpg_url/Policy-Local-Government-Legislation-Local-Government-(Rating)-Act-2002">"Local Government (Rating) Act 2002"</a>. <i>localcouncils.govt.nz</i>. Department of Internal Affairs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=localcouncils.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Local+Government+%28Rating%29+Act+2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.localcouncils.govt.nz%2Flgip.nsf%2Fwpg_url%2FPolicy-Local-Government-Legislation-Local-Government-%28Rating%29-Act-2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Local_Government_Act_2002-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Local_Government_Act_2002_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Local_Government_Act_2002_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2002/0084/latest/whole.html?search=sw_096be8ed8132e50b_50%2c000_25_se&p=1#DLM170873">"Local Government Act 2002 No 84 (as at 01 March 2016), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation"</a>. Parliamentary Counsel Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Government+Act+2002+No+84+%28as+at+01+March+2016%29%2C+Public+Act+%E2%80%93+New+Zealand+Legislation&rft.pub=Parliamentary+Counsel+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F2002%2F0084%2Flatest%2Fwhole.html%3Fsearch%3Dsw_096be8ed8132e50b_50%252c000_25_se%26p%3D1%23DLM170873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2001/0035/latest/DLM93301.html">"Local Electoral Act 2001 No 35 (as at 26 March 2015), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation"</a>. Parliamentary Counsel Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Electoral+Act+2001+No+35+%28as+at+26+March+2015%29%2C+Public+Act+Contents+%E2%80%93+New+Zealand+Legislation&rft.pub=Parliamentary+Counsel+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F2001%2F0035%2Flatest%2FDLM93301.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DHB-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DHB_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DHB_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.health.govt.nz/new-zealand-health-system/key-health-sector-organisations-and-people/district-health-boards">"District health boards"</a>. Ministry of Health<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=District+health+boards&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Health&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.govt.nz%2Fnew-zealand-health-system%2Fkey-health-sector-organisations-and-people%2Fdistrict-health-boards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/112512137/health-minister-makes-decision-on-future-of-waikato-dhb">"Health Minister David Clark sacks Waikato DHB board"</a>. <i>Stuff</i>. 7 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Health+Minister+David+Clark+sacks+Waikato+DHB+board&rft.date=2019-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fhealth%2F112512137%2Fhealth-minister-makes-decision-on-future-of-waikato-dhb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stuff_21_April_2021-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stuff_21_April_2021_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManchWitton2021" class="citation news cs1">Manch, Thomas; Witton, Bridie (21 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/124901118/government-announces-radical-plan-to-centralise-healthcare-will-abolish-dhbs">"Government announces radical plan to centralise healthcare, will abolish DHBs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Government+announces+radical+plan+to+centralise+healthcare%2C+will+abolish+DHBs&rft.date=2021-04-21&rft.aulast=Manch&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Witton%2C+Bridie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fpolitics%2F124901118%2Fgovernment-announces-radical-plan-to-centralise-healthcare-will-abolish-dhbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNZ_health_shake-up-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNZ_health_shake-up_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2021" class="citation news cs1">Quinn, Rowan (21 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421000106/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/440903/major-health-sector-shake-up-dhbs-scrapped-and-new-maori-health-authority-announced">"Major health sector shake-up: DHBs scrapped and new Māori Health Authority announced"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/440903/major-health-sector-shake-up-dhbs-scrapped-and-new-maori-health-authority-announced">the original</a> on 21 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Major+health+sector+shake-up%3A+DHBs+scrapped+and+new+M%C4%81ori+Health+Authority+announced&rft.date=2021-04-21&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Rowan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fpolitical%2F440903%2Fmajor-health-sector-shake-up-dhbs-scrapped-and-new-maori-health-authority-announced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dia-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dia_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dia_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dia.govt.nz/Three-Waters-Reform-Programme">"Central/Local Government Three Waters Reform Programme"</a>. Te Tari Taiwhenua – Department of Internal Affairs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Central%2FLocal+Government+Three+Waters+Reform+Programme&rft.pub=Te+Tari+Taiwhenua+%E2%80%93+Department+of+Internal+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dia.govt.nz%2FThree-Waters-Reform-Programme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210601220156/https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/dunedin-councillor-says-rates-rise-unless-government-helps-fix-ageing-water-infrastructure">"Dunedin councillor says rates will rise unless Government helps fix ageing water infrastructure"</a>. <i>TVNZ</i>. 19 May 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/dunedin-councillor-says-rates-rise-unless-government-helps-fix-ageing-water-infrastructure">the original</a> on 1 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TVNZ&rft.atitle=Dunedin+councillor+says+rates+will+rise+unless+Government+helps+fix+ageing+water+infrastructure&rft.date=2021-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvnz.co.nz%2Fone-news%2Fnew-zealand%2Fdunedin-councillor-says-rates-rise-unless-government-helps-fix-ageing-water-infrastructure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.nz/resource/en-NZ/51SCLGE_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL69266_1_A525519/79f71ac63b948af315277070befb872f28b98ab0">"Submission on the Local Government Act 2002 Amendment Bill 2016"</a>. Hauraki District Council. 26 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2021</span> – via NZ Parliament.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Submission+on+the+Local+Government+Act+2002+Amendment+Bill+2016&rft.pub=Hauraki+District+Council&rft.date=2016-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.nz%2Fresource%2Fen-NZ%2F51SCLGE_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL69266_1_A525519%2F79f71ac63b948af315277070befb872f28b98ab0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stuff_Three_Waters-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stuff_Three_Waters_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManch2021" class="citation news cs1">Manch, Thomas (27 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/126797566/government-pushes-ahead-with-three-waters-reform-will-take-water-services-from-councils">"Government pushes ahead with Three Waters reform, will take water services from councils"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027044310/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/126797566/government-pushes-ahead-with-three-waters-reform-will-take-water-services-from-councils">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Government+pushes+ahead+with+Three+Waters+reform%2C+will+take+water+services+from+councils&rft.date=2021-10-27&rft.aulast=Manch&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fpolitics%2F126797566%2Fgovernment-pushes-ahead-with-three-waters-reform-will-take-water-services-from-councils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNZ_Three_Waters-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNZ_Three_Waters_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/454334/three-waters-reforms-to-be-mandatory-for-councils-nanaia-mahuta">"Three waters reforms to be mandatory for councils – Nanaia Mahuta"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. 27 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027011705/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/454334/three-waters-reforms-to-be-mandatory-for-councils-nanaia-mahuta">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Three+waters+reforms+to+be+mandatory+for+councils+%E2%80%93+Nanaia+Mahuta&rft.date=2021-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fpolitical%2F454334%2Fthree-waters-reforms-to-be-mandatory-for-councils-nanaia-mahuta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2021" class="citation news cs1">Palmer, Russell (27 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/454364/national-act-promise-to-return-water-assets-to-councils">"National, ACT promise to return water assets to councils"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027231641/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/454364/national-act-promise-to-return-water-assets-to-councils">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=National%2C+ACT+promise+to+return+water+assets+to+councils&rft.date=2021-10-27&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fpolitical%2F454364%2Fnational-act-promise-to-return-water-assets-to-councils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/major-shakeup-will-see-affordable-water-reforms-led-and-delivered-regionally">"Major shakeup will see affordable water reforms led and delivered locally"</a>. <i>Beehive.govt.nz</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">New Zealand Government</a>. 13 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230413021725/https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/major-shakeup-will-see-affordable-water-reforms-led-and-delivered-regionally">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beehive.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Major+shakeup+will+see+affordable+water+reforms+led+and+delivered+locally&rft.date=2023-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beehive.govt.nz%2Frelease%2Fmajor-shakeup-will-see-affordable-water-reforms-led-and-delivered-regionally&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230413055651/https://www.1news.co.nz/2023/04/13/three-waters-reset-mega-entities-scrapped-as-new-model-proposed/">"Three Waters reset: Mega-entities scrapped as new model proposed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/1News" title="1News">1News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/TVNZ" title="TVNZ">TVNZ</a>. 13 April 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.1news.co.nz/2023/04/13/three-waters-reset-mega-entities-scrapped-as-new-model-proposed/">the original</a> on 13 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=1News&rft.atitle=Three+Waters+reset%3A+Mega-entities+scrapped+as+new+model+proposed&rft.date=2023-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.1news.co.nz%2F2023%2F04%2F13%2Fthree-waters-reset-mega-entities-scrapped-as-new-model-proposed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNZ_27_Nov_2023-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNZ_27_Nov_2023_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2023" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Anneke (27 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231204205602/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/503326/new-government-eyes-rma-three-waters-reforms-for-pre-christmas-scrap-heap">"New government eyes RMA, Three Waters reforms for pre-Christmas scrap heap"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/503326/new-government-eyes-rma-three-waters-reforms-for-pre-christmas-scrap-heap">the original</a> on 4 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=New+government+eyes+RMA%2C+Three+Waters+reforms+for+pre-Christmas+scrap+heap&rft.date=2023-11-27&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Anneke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fpolitical%2F503326%2Fnew-government-eyes-rma-three-waters-reforms-for-pre-christmas-scrap-heap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beehive_Three_Waters_repeal-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beehive_Three_Waters_repeal_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2023" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Simeon (14 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/government-repeal-three-waters-legislation">"Government to repeal Three Waters legislation"</a>. <i>Beehive.govt.nz</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">New Zealand Government</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231219092347/https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/government-repeal-three-waters-legislation">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beehive.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Government+to+repeal+Three+Waters+legislation&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Simeon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beehive.govt.nz%2Frelease%2Fgovernment-repeal-three-waters-legislation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240216020717/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/509144/parliament-repeals-three-waters-programme-under-urgency">"Parliament repeals Three Waters programme under urgency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. 16 February 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/509144/parliament-repeals-three-waters-programme-under-urgency">the original</a> on 16 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Parliament+repeals+Three+Waters+programme+under+urgency&rft.date=2024-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fpolitical%2F509144%2Fparliament-repeals-three-waters-programme-under-urgency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.1news.co.nz/2024/08/08/new-details-of-three-waters-replacement-revealed/">"New details of Three Waters replacement revealed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/1News" title="1News">1News</a></i>. 8 August 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240811031257/https://www.1news.co.nz/2024/08/08/new-details-of-three-waters-replacement-revealed/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=1News&rft.atitle=New+details+of+Three+Waters+replacement+revealed&rft.date=2024-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.1news.co.nz%2F2024%2F08%2F08%2Fnew-details-of-three-waters-replacement-revealed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glossary-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-glossary_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localcouncils.govt.nz/lgip.nsf/wpgurl/Resources-Glossary-Index">"Glossary"</a>. <i>localcouncils.govt.nz</i>. Department of Internal Affairs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=localcouncils.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Glossary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.localcouncils.govt.nz%2Flgip.nsf%2Fwpgurl%2FResources-Glossary-Index&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/392946/archaic-law-allows-multiple-property-owners-extra-voting-rights">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Archaic' law allows multiple-property owners extra voting rights"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a></i>. 26 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RNZ&rft.atitle=%27Archaic%27+law+allows+multiple-property+owners+extra+voting+rights&rft.date=2019-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F392946%2Farchaic-law-allows-multiple-property-owners-extra-voting-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.napier.govt.nz/our-council/elections/m/">"Māori Wards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Napier_City_Council" title="Napier City Council">Napier City Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210903032712/https://www.napier.govt.nz/our-council/elections/m/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C4%81ori+Wards&rft.pub=Napier+City+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.napier.govt.nz%2Four-council%2Felections%2Fm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.govt.nz/your-council/working-with-maori/maori-seats/">"Māori constituencies for regional council"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Northland_Regional_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Northland Regional Council">Northland Regional Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210220184000/https://www.nrc.govt.nz/your-council/working-with-maori/maori-seats/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C4%81ori+constituencies+for+regional+council&rft.pub=Northland+Regional+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.govt.nz%2Fyour-council%2Fworking-with-maori%2Fmaori-seats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hayward_Treaty_Challenge-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hayward_Treaty_Challenge_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hayward_Treaty_Challenge_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanine_Hayward2002" class="citation report cs1">Janine Hayward (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boprc.govt.nz/media/32503/Maori-200829-TheTreatyChallengeHaywardReport.pdf">The Treaty Challenge: Local Government and Maori</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Crown Forestry Rental Trust. pp. 23–32. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180523011457/https://www.boprc.govt.nz/media/32503/Maori-200829-TheTreatyChallengeHaywardReport.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Treaty+Challenge%3A+Local+Government+and+Maori&rft.pages=23-32&rft.pub=Crown+Forestry+Rental+Trust&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Janine+Hayward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boprc.govt.nz%2Fmedia%2F32503%2FMaori-200829-TheTreatyChallengeHaywardReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNZ_wards_amendment_bill_passes-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RNZ_wards_amendment_bill_passes_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNZ_wards_amendment_bill_passes_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScotcher2021" class="citation news cs1">Scotcher, Katie (24 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/437105/maori-wards-amendment-bill-passes-final-reading-in-parliament">"Māori wards amendment bill passes final reading in Parliament"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224112233/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/437105/maori-wards-amendment-bill-passes-final-reading-in-parliament">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=M%C4%81ori+wards+amendment+bill+passes+final+reading+in+Parliament&rft.date=2021-02-24&rft.aulast=Scotcher&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fpolitical%2F437105%2Fmaori-wards-amendment-bill-passes-final-reading-in-parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voting_and_councillor-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Voting_and_councillor_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localcouncils.govt.nz/lgip.nsf/wpg_url/About-Local-Government-Participate-In-Local-Government-Voting-and-Becoming-a-Councillor#M%C4%81oriwardsandconstituencies">"Voting and becoming a councillor"</a>. <i>localcouncils.govt.nz</i>. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Internal_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Internal Affairs (New Zealand)">Department of Internal Affairs</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210821191310/https://www.localcouncils.govt.nz/lgip.nsf/wpg_url/About-Local-Government-Participate-In-Local-Government-Voting-and-Becoming-a-Councillor">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=localcouncils.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Voting+and+becoming+a+councillor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.localcouncils.govt.nz%2Flgip.nsf%2Fwpg_url%2FAbout-Local-Government-Participate-In-Local-Government-Voting-and-Becoming-a-Councillor%23M%25C4%2581oriwardsandconstituencies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Plymouth_No-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_Plymouth_No_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUtiger2015" class="citation news cs1">Utiger, Taryn (15 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/68578894/resounding-no-to-a-maori-ward-for-new-plymouth-district">"Resounding no to a Maori ward for New Plymouth district"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Taranaki_Daily_News" title="Taranaki Daily News">Taranaki Daily News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303035945/https://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/68578894/resounding-no-to-a-maori-ward-for-new-plymouth-district">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taranaki+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Resounding+no+to+a+Maori+ward+for+New+Plymouth+district&rft.date=2015-05-15&rft.aulast=Utiger&rft.aufirst=Taryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Ftaranaki-daily-news%2F68578894%2Fresounding-no-to-a-maori-ward-for-new-plymouth-district&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNZ_22_May_2018-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNZ_22_May_2018_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurihanganui2018" class="citation news cs1">Hurihanganui, Te Aniwa (22 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/357912/rejection-of-maori-wards-this-is-wrong">"Rejection of Māori wards: 'This is wrong'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190828014839/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/357912/rejection-of-maori-wards-this-is-wrong">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Rejection+of+M%C4%81ori+wards%3A+%27This+is+wrong%27&rft.date=2018-05-22&rft.aulast=Hurihanganui&rft.aufirst=Te+Aniwa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fte-manu-korihi%2F357912%2Frejection-of-maori-wards-this-is-wrong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayor_gutted-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mayor_gutted_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/357747/mayor-gutted-after-public-votes-against-maori-wards">"Mayor 'gutted' after public votes against Māori wards"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. 19 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211116102632/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/357747/mayor-gutted-after-public-votes-against-maori-wards">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Mayor+%27gutted%27+after+public+votes+against+M%C4%81ori+wards&rft.date=2018-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fpolitical%2F357747%2Fmayor-gutted-after-public-votes-against-maori-wards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manawatu_No-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Manawatu_No_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilmisterRankin2018" class="citation news cs1">Kilmister, Sam; Rankin, Janine (15 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/103926070/manawat-mori-wards-vote-a-resounding-no">"Manawatū Māori wards vote a resounding 'no'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707130229/https://i.stuff.co.nz/national/103926070/manawat-mori-wards-vote-a-resounding-no">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Manawat%C5%AB+M%C4%81ori+wards+vote+a+resounding+%27no%27&rft.date=2018-05-15&rft.aulast=Kilmister&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.au=Rankin%2C+Janine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F103926070%2Fmanawat-mori-wards-vote-a-resounding-no&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maori_TV_21_May_2018-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maori_TV_21_May_2018_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2018" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Moana Makapelu (21 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maoritelevision.com/news/regional/four-districts-reject-maori-wards">"Four districts reject Maori wards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Television">Māori Television</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211116102642/https://www.teaomaori.news/four-districts-reject-maori-wards">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Four+districts+reject+Maori+wards&rft.date=2018-05-21&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Moana+Makapelu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maoritelevision.com%2Fnews%2Fregional%2Ffour-districts-reject-maori-wards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZH_ward_amendment_bill_passes-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NZH_ward_amendment_bill_passes_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWade2021" class="citation news cs1">Wade, Amelia (24 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/bill-to-abolish-local-veto-on-maori-wards-passes-despite-nationals-marathon-opposition/GWDQRDKNJSH5KFAVILXF2NP3EE/">"Bill to abolish local veto on Māori wards passes despite National's marathon opposition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224112055/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/bill-to-abolish-local-veto-on-maori-wards-passes-despite-nationals-marathon-opposition/GWDQRDKNJSH5KFAVILXF2NP3EE/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Bill+to+abolish+local+veto+on+M%C4%81ori+wards+passes+despite+National%27s+marathon+opposition&rft.date=2021-02-24&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Amelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fbill-to-abolish-local-veto-on-maori-wards-passes-despite-nationals-marathon-opposition%2FGWDQRDKNJSH5KFAVILXF2NP3EE%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNZ_30_Jul_2024-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RNZ_30_Jul_2024_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNZ_30_Jul_2024_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/523622/maori-wards-bill-passes-third-reading">"Māori wards bill passes third reading"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a></i>. 30 July 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240730095311/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/523622/maori-wards-bill-passes-third-reading">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RNZ&rft.atitle=M%C4%81ori+wards+bill+passes+third+reading&rft.date=2024-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fte-manu-korihi%2F523622%2Fmaori-wards-bill-passes-third-reading&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZH_30_Jul_2024-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NZH_30_Jul_2024_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabel2024" class="citation news cs1">Gabel, Julia (30 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/legislation-requiring-local-councils-to-hold-polls-on-maori-wards-passes-in-parliament/AWUG6M36OBECNGE5PSMUEOVMOU/">"Legislation requiring local councils to hold polls on Māori wards passes in Parliament"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240730104903/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/legislation-requiring-local-councils-to-hold-polls-on-maori-wards-passes-in-parliament/AWUG6M36OBECNGE5PSMUEOVMOU/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Legislation+requiring+local+councils+to+hold+polls+on+M%C4%81ori+wards+passes+in+Parliament&rft.date=2024-07-30&rft.aulast=Gabel&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fpolitics%2Flegislation-requiring-local-councils-to-hold-polls-on-maori-wards-passes-in-parliament%2FAWUG6M36OBECNGE5PSMUEOVMOU%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2021/0173/latest/whole.html">"Local Government Members (2021/22) Determination 2021 (LI 2021/173) (as at 14 April 2022)"</a>. <i>www.legislation.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.legislation.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Local+Government+Members+%282021%2F22%29+Determination+2021+%28LI+2021%2F173%29+%28as+at+14+April+2022%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fregulation%2Fpublic%2F2021%2F0173%2Flatest%2Fwhole.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP18950822.2.54">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BILL. EVENING POST"</a>. <i>paperspast.natlib.govt.nz</i>. 22 August 1895<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz&rft.atitle=THE+LOCAL+GOVERNMENT+BILL.+EVENING+POST&rft.date=1895-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FEP18950822.2.54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_bill/lbpapb1953101327.pdf">"Local Bodies' Proceedings and Powers Act 1953"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Bodies%27+Proceedings+and+Powers+Act+1953&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzlii.org%2Fnz%2Flegis%2Fhist_bill%2Flbpapb1953101327.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localcouncils.govt.nz">Local Councils</a> – Official website (maintained by the Department of Internal Affairs)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.envirolink.govt.nz/">Envirolink</a> – a regional council driven funding scheme</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/results.aspx?search=ad_act_local+government_____25_ac%40bn%40rn%40dn%40apub%40aloc%40apri%40apro%40aimp%40bgov%40bloc%40bpri%40bmem%40rpub%40rimp_ac%40ainf%40anif%40bcur%40rinf%40rnif_h_aw_se&p=1">Relevant legislation</a> – legislation.govt.nz</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_the_Realm_of_New_Zealand" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_New_Zealand" title="Template:Administrative divisions of New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_New_Zealand" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_the_Realm_of_New_Zealand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_by_country" title="List of administrative divisions by country">Administrative divisions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th>Countries </th> <td colspan="7" style="background:#ddf;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#e2e2ff;"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#e2e2ff;"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/46px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regions</a> </th> <td style="background:#e7e7ff;">11 non-unitary regions </td> <td style="background:#eef;">5 unitary regions </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#eef;"><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#eef;"><a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Islands" title="Kermadec Islands">Kermadec Islands</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Subantarctic_Islands" title="New Zealand Subantarctic Islands">NZ Subantarctic Islands</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Manawat%C4%81whi_/_Three_Kings_Islands" title="Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands">Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#eef;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#eef;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#eef;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands#Administrative_subdivisions" title="Cook Islands">15 islands</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#eef;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Niue" title="List of villages in Niue">14 villages</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities</a> </th> <td style="background:#f4f4ff;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">11 cities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Districts of New Zealand">50 districts</a> </td> <td style="background:#eef;"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Region" title="Auckland Region">1 metropolitan area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">1 city</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority#New_Zealand" title="Unitary authority">3 districts</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:12px;font-size:90%;"> <th style="background:#fcfcff;">Notes </th> <td style="background:#fcfcff;">Seven districts lie in more than one region </td> <td style="background:#fcfcff;">These combine the regional and the territorial authority levels in one </td> <td style="background:#fcfcff;">Special territorial authority </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#fcfcff;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_outlying_islands" title="New Zealand outlying islands">New Zealand outlying islands</a> outside any regional authority (the outlying <a href="/wiki/Solander_Islands" title="Solander Islands">Solander Islands</a> form a part of the <a href="/wiki/Southland_Region" title="Southland Region">Southland Region</a>) </td> <td style="background:#fcfcff;"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand#Tokelau" title="Realm of New Zealand">Non-self-governing territory</a> of New Zealand </td> <td style="background:#fcfcff;">New Zealand's <a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" title="Territorial claims in Antarctica">Antarctic dependency</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#fcfcff;"><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_the_Cook_Islands_and_Niue" title="Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue">States in free association</a> with New Zealand </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&oldid=1258880226">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&oldid=1258880226</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Local_government_in_New_Zealand" title="Category:Local government in New Zealand">Local government in New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Politics of New Zealand">Politics of New Zealand</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description" title="Category:Short description with empty Wikidata description">Short description with empty Wikidata description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2022">Use dmy dates from November 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_New_Zealand_English_from_July_2018" title="Category:Use New Zealand English from July 2018">Use New Zealand English from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_New_Zealand_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English">All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2020" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_slanted_towards_recent_events_from_October_2022" title="Category:Articles slanted towards recent events from October 2022">Articles slanted towards recent events from October 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 03:51<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_New_Zealand&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-542sp","wgBackendResponseTime":155,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.870","walltime":"1.101","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5182,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":175794,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6467,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":285253,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 966.869 1 -total"," 40.98% 396.182 1 Template:Reflist"," 23.08% 223.176 35 Template:Cite_web"," 19.08% 184.511 1 Template:Politics_of_New_Zealand"," 18.72% 180.976 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 10.19% 98.536 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.78% 84.890 20 Template:Cite_news"," 7.55% 72.954 5 Template:Hlist"," 6.61% 63.913 9 Template:Main_other"," 5.57% 53.864 1 Template:Administrative_divisions_of_New_Zealand"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.529","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8365285,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-zhjmb","timestamp":"20241122170157","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Local government in New Zealand","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Local_government_in_New_Zealand","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6664403","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6664403","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-01-14T19:20:54Z","dateModified":"2024-11-22T03:51:08Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d3\/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg"}</script> </body> </html>