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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кіру</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Басқа баптаулар" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Жеке құралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Жеке құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Қатысушы мәзірі" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_kk.wikipedia.org&uselang=kk"><span>Демеу беру</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96&returnto=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Біз сізге есептік жазба бастауды және кіруді ұсынамыз,ол міндетті емес."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Тіркелу</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96&returnto=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Кіруіңізді ұсынамыз, ол міндетті емес. 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class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Мазмұны" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Мазмұны</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Кіріспе</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Атом_ядросының_заряды" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Атом_ядросының_заряды"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Атом ядросының заряды</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Атом_ядросының_заряды-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Атом_ядросының_массасы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Атом_ядросының_массасы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Атом ядросының массасы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Атом_ядросының_массасы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ядролық_физикадағы_өлшем_бірліктер" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ядролық_физикадағы_өлшем_бірліктер"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ядролық физикадағы өлшем бірліктер</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ядролық_физикадағы_өлшем_бірліктер-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Атом_ядросының_пішіні_мен_өлшемі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Атом_ядросының_пішіні_мен_өлшемі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Атом ядросының пішіні мен өлшемі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Атом_ядросының_пішіні_мен_өлшемі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Дереккөздер" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дереккөздер"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Дереккөздер</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дереккөздер-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Мазмұны" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Атом ядросы</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Басқа тілдегі мақалаға өту. 120 тілде қолжетімді" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-120" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">120 тіл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoomkern" title="Atoomkern – африкаанс тілі" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Atoomkern" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="परमाणु नाभिक – ангика тілі" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="परमाणु नाभिक" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="نواة الذرة – араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نواة الذرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="نوية د درة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نوية د درة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleu_at%C3%B3micu" title="Nucleu atómicu – астурия тілі" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nucleu atómicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomun_n%C3%BCv%C9%99si" title="Atomun nüvəsi – әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Atomun nüvəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85_%DA%86%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="آتوم چکیردگی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آتوم چکیردگی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atuoma_kondouls" title="Atuoma kondouls – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Atuoma kondouls" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomikong_nukleyus" title="Atomikong nukleyus – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Atomikong nukleyus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атамнае ядро – беларусь тілі" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атамнае ядро" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атамнае ядро – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Атамнае ядро" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атомно ядро – болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Атомно ядро" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="परमाणविक पदर्थबिद्या – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="परमाणविक पदर्थबिद्या" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="နျူးကလီးယပ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="နျူးကလီးယပ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="পারমাণবিক নিউক্লিয়াস – бенгал тілі" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পারমাণবিক নিউক্লিয়াস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukle%C3%BCs_(an_atomo%C3%B9)" title="Nukleüs (an atomoù) – бретон тілі" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nukleüs (an atomoù)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomsko_jezgro" title="Atomsko jezgro – босния тілі" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Atomsko jezgro" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucli_at%C3%B2mic" title="Nucli atòmic – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nucli atòmic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngu%C3%B2ng-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%84_h%C5%8Fk" title="Nguòng-cṳ̄ hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nguòng-cṳ̄ hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleu_Atomicu" title="Nucleu Atomicu – корсика тілі" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Nucleu Atomicu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсика тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomov%C3%A9_j%C3%A1dro" title="Atomové jádro – чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Atomové jádro" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Нуклонсар – чуваш тілі" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нуклонсар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwclews_atomig" title="Niwclews atomig – валлий тілі" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Niwclews atomig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлий тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomkerne" title="Atomkerne – дат тілі" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Atomkerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дат тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomkern" title="Atomkern – неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Atomkern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dend%C4%B1k%C3%AA_atomi" title="Dendıkê atomi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dendıkê atomi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ατομικός πυρήνας – грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατομικός πυρήνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus – ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Atomic nucleus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomkerno" title="Atomkerno – эсперанто тілі" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Atomkerno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_at%C3%B3mico" title="Núcleo atómico – испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Núcleo atómico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aatomituum" title="Aatomituum – эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aatomituum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo_nukleo" title="Atomo nukleo – баск тілі" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Atomo nukleo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85" title="هسته اتم – парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هسته اتم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomiydin" title="Atomiydin – фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Atomiydin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aadomis%C3%A4s%C3%BC" title="Aadomisäsü – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Aadomisäsü" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noyau_atomique" title="Noyau atomique – француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Noyau atomique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoomkearn" title="Atoomkearn – батыс фриз тілі" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Atoomkearn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="батыс фриз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAicl%C3%A9as_adamhach" title="Núicléas adamhach – ирланд тілі" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Núicléas adamhach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B9clas" title="Niùclas – шотландиялық гэль тілі" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Niùclas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландиялық гэль тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_at%C3%B3mico" title="Núcleo atómico – галисия тілі" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Núcleo atómico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9D" title="גרעין האטום – иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרעין האטום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="परमाणु नाभिक – хинди тілі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परमाणु नाभिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomska_jezgra" title="Atomska jezgra – хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Atomska jezgra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwayo_atomik" title="Nwayo atomik – гаити тілі" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nwayo atomik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаити тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atommag" title="Atommag – венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Atommag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF_(%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4)" title="Միջուկ (ատոմ) – армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջուկ (ատոմ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleo_atomic" title="Nucleo atomic – интерлингва тілі" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nucleo atomic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_atom" title="Inti atom – индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Inti atom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleo_atomala" title="Nukleo atomala – идо тілі" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nukleo atomala" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumeindakjarni" title="Frumeindakjarni – исланд тілі" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frumeindakjarni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleo_atomico" title="Nucleo atomico – итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nucleo atomico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核 – жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="原子核" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_Atom" title="Inti Atom – ява тілі" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Inti Atom" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ява тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ატომის ბირთვი – грузин тілі" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ატომის ბირთვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C9%A3yay_abelkam" title="Aɣyay abelkam – кабил тілі" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aɣyay abelkam" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಬೈಜಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ – каннада тілі" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೈಜಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%ED%95%B5" title="원자핵 – корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원자핵" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%81%D9%95_%D9%85%D9%95%D8%B1" title="کنہٕ مٕر – кашмир тілі" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کنہٕ مٕر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмир тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navok" title="Navok – күрд тілі" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Navok" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="күрд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_atomi" title="Nucleus atomi – латын тілі" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nucleus atomi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoamkaen" title="Atoamkaen – лимбург тілі" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Atoamkaen" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucli_(fisega)" title="Nucli (fisega) – Ломбард" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nucli (fisega)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Ломбард" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mok%C3%B3k%C3%B3l%C3%B3_mwa_atome" title="Mokókóló mwa atome – лингала тілі" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mokókóló mwa atome" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B9" title="ແກນປະລໍາມະນູ – лаос тілі" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແກນປະລໍາມະນູ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаос тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo_branduolys" title="Atomo branduolys – литва тілі" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atomo branduolys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoma_kodols" title="Atoma kodols – латыш тілі" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Atoma kodols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleus" title="Nukleus – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Nukleus" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом том – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Атом том" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атомско јадро – македон тілі" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Атомско јадро" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="അണുകേന്ദ്രം – малаялам тілі" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അണുകേന്ദ്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%86%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Атомын цөм – моңғол тілі" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Атомын цөм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="моңғол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अणुकेंद्र – маратхи тілі" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अणुकेंद्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleus_atom" title="Nukleus atom – малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nukleus atom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8F_%E1%80%94%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A" title="အက််တမ်၏ နျူကလိယ – бирма тілі" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက််တမ်၏ နျူကလိယ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoomkern" title="Atoomkern – нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Atoomkern" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomkjerne" title="Atomkjerne – норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Atomkjerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomkjerne" title="Atomkjerne – норвегиялық букмол тілі" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Atomkjerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық букмол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleus" title="Nukleus – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Nukleus" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucl%C3%A8u_atomic" title="Nuclèu atomic – окситан тілі" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nuclèu atomic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwukilasii_atoomii" title="Niwukilasii atoomii – оромо тілі" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Niwukilasii atoomii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AD" title="ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਨਾਭ – пенджаб тілі" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਨਾਭ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджаб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%85dro_atomowe" title="Jądro atomowe – поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jądro atomowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ایٹمی نیوکلیس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایٹمی نیوکلیس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_at%C3%B3mico" title="Núcleo atómico – португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Núcleo atómico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1uku_huk%27i" title="Iñuku huk'i – кечуа тілі" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iñuku huk'i" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleu_atomic" title="Nucleu atomic – румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nucleu atomic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атомное ядро – орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атомное ядро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атомове ядро – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Атомове ядро" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus – шотланд тілі" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Atomic nucleus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%BD%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="ايٽمي نيوڪليس – синдхи тілі" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ايٽمي نيوڪليس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomsko_jezgro" title="Atomsko jezgro – серб-хорват тілі" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Atomsko jezgro" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Atomic nucleus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%B3mov%C3%A9_jadro" title="Atómové jadro – словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Atómové jadro" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomsko_jedro" title="Atomsko jedro – словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Atomsko jedro" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ABrthama_e_atomit" title="Bërthama e atomit – албан тілі" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bërthama e atomit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атомско језгро – серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Атомско језгро" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomk%C3%A4%C3%A4den" title="Atomkääden – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Atomkääden" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_atom" title="Inti atom – сундан тілі" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Inti atom" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomk%C3%A4rna" title="Atomkärna – швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Atomkärna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiini_cha_atomu" title="Kiini cha atomu – суахили тілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiini cha atomu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81" title="அணுக்கரு – тамил тілі" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அணுக்கரு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="పరమాణు కేంద్రకం – телугу тілі" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పరమాణు కేంద్రకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1" title="นิวเคลียสของอะตอม – тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิวเคลียสของอะตอม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomikong_nukleyus" title="Atomikong nukleyus – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Atomikong nukleyus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_%C3%A7ekirde%C4%9Fi" title="Atom çekirdeği – түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Atom çekirdeği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="жақсы мақалалар"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ядро атома – украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ядро атома" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%81%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%81" title="جوہری نویہ – урду тілі" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوہری نویہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_yadrosi" title="Atom yadrosi – өзбек тілі" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Atom yadrosi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Hạt nhân nguyên tử – вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hạt nhân nguyên tử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleyus_hin_atomo" title="Nukleyus hin atomo – варай тілі" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nukleyus hin atomo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核 – қытай тілі (У)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="原子核" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі (У)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="אטאמקערן – идиш тілі" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אטאמקערן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAkl%C3%A9%C3%B9_%C3%A1t%E1%BB%8D%CC%80m%C3%B9" title="Núkléù átọ̀mù – йоруба тілі" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Núkléù átọ̀mù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenzswjhaed" title="Yenzswjhaed – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yenzswjhaed" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%8E_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E" title="ⵓⵥⵎ ⴰⵡⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ – марокколық стандартты тамазигхт тілі" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵓⵥⵎ ⴰⵡⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="марокколық стандартты тамазигхт тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核 – қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="原子核" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="原子核" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%A2n-ch%C3%BA-hu%CC%8Dt" title="Goân-chú-hu̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Goân-chú-hu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核 – кантон тілі" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="原子核" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INuzi_lechwe" title="INuzi lechwe – зулу тілі" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INuzi lechwe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37147#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Тіларалық сілтемелерді өңдеу" class="wbc-editpage">Сілтемелерді өңдеу</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37147" title="Сілтеме дерек қойма данасымен байланысқан [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Уикидерек элементі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Көрініс"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Көрініс</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Уикипедия — ашық энциклопедиясынан алынған мәлімет</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="kk" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:210px; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; clear: right; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; clear: right; text-align:center; margin-top:1em;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:90%; background:#DCF0FF"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ядролық физика">Ядролық физика</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:CNO_Cycle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CNO_Cycle.svg/160px-CNO_Cycle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CNO_Cycle.svg/240px-CNO_Cycle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CNO_Cycle.svg/320px-CNO_Cycle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td><p 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style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D2%93%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Табиғи радиоактивтік">Табиғи радиоактивтік</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B" title="Радиоактивті ыдырау заңы">Радиоактивті ыдырау заңы</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ядролық реакциялар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ядролық реакциялар</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тізбекті ядролық реакциялар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Тізбекті ядролық реакциялар</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ядролық реактор">Ядролық реактор</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Термоядролық реакциялар">Термоядролық реакциялар</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Радиациядан қорғану">Радиациядан қорғану</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;">Белгiлi ғалымдар </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Антуан Анри Беккерель">Беккерель</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ганс Альбрехт Бете (мұндай бет жоқ)">Бете</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Нильс Бор">Бор</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вернер Карл Гейзенберг (мұндай бет жоқ)">Гейзенберг</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%E2%80%93_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Мария Склодовская – Кюри">Кюри М.</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пьер Кюри">Кюри П.</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эрнест Резерфорд">Резерфорд</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фредерик Содди (мұндай бет жоқ)">Содди</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джон Арчибальд Уилер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Уилер</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Энрико Ферми">Ферми</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <td><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Үлгі:Ядролық физика (карточка)"><span title="Бұл үлгіні көру" style=";">көру</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B:%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Үлгі талқылауы:Ядролық физика (карточка) (мұндай бет жоқ)"><span style="color:#002bb8;;" title="Осы үлгінің талқылауы">талқылау</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;" title="Бұл үлгіні өңдей аласыз. Сақтаудың алдынан Қарап шығу батырмасын қолданыңыз.">өңдеу</span></a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; border-top:3px"> <td>Тағы қараңыз <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Физика">«Физика порталы»</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:8,2_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/kk/thumb/e/e3/8%2C2_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82.JPG/220px-8%2C2_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/kk/thumb/e/e3/8%2C2_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82.JPG/330px-8%2C2_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/kk/thumb/e/e3/8%2C2_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82.JPG/440px-8%2C2_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82.JPG 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Атом ядросы </b> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Протон">протондар</a> мен <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нейтрон">нейтрондардан</a> (нуклондардан) құралатын атомның ең ауыр, орталық бөлігі.<sup id="cite_ref-f1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Атом_ядросының_заряды"><span id=".D0.90.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BC_.D1.8F.D0.B4.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.8B.D2.A3_.D0.B7.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8F.D0.B4.D1.8B"></span>Атом ядросының заряды</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Атом ядросының заряды" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Атом ядросының заряды"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Томсон">Томсонның</a> (1856 – 1940) ұсынған моделі бойынша атом оң зарядталған сферадан және бос орындарына электрондар біркелкі орналастырған болатын. Атом ядросының негізгі сипаттамаларының бірі оның <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Электр заряды">электр заряды</a> болып табылады. Атом ядросының зарядын алғаш рет <a href="/wiki/1913" class="mw-redirect" title="1913">1913</a> жылы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Генри Мозли (мұндай бет жоқ)">Г.Мозли</a> өлшеген. Ал ядроның зарядын тікелей өлшеуді ағылшын физигі <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6.%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дж.Чедвик (мұндай бет жоқ)">Дж.Чедвик</a> <a href="/wiki/1920" class="mw-redirect" title="1920">1920</a> жылы жүзеге асырды. Атом ядросының заряды элементар электр зарядының <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%97%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Менделеевтің Периодтық Заңы">Менделеев кестесіндегі</a> химиялық элементтің <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~Z}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>Z</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~Z}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72450c3c47738213894da62acc5194255aa09286" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.261ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~Z}"></span> реттік нөміріне көбейтіндісіне тең болады: </p> <blockquote style="border: 1px solid blue; padding: 0.5em 0.8em; width:20%"> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~q=Z\cdot e}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>Z</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>e</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~q=Z\cdot e}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/be4d31823970d7c686e5879d99b5fec322a6e594" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.192ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~q=Z\cdot e}"></span>.</center> </blockquote> <p>Сонымен, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%97%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Менделеевтің Периодтық Заңы">Менделеев кестесіндегі</a> химиялық элементтің реттік нөмірі кез келген элемент атомының ядросындағы оң зарядтардың санымен анықталады. Сондықтан элементтің <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~Z}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>Z</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~Z}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72450c3c47738213894da62acc5194255aa09286" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.261ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~Z}"></span> реттік нөмірін <i>зарядтық caн</i> деп атайды.<sup id="cite_ref-f1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Атом_ядросының_массасы"><span id=".D0.90.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BC_.D1.8F.D0.B4.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.8B.D2.A3_.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.81.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B"></span>Атом ядросының массасы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Атом ядросының массасы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Атом ядросының массасы"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Атом ядросының <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">физикалық</a> қасиеттері оның зарядымен қатар массасымен де анықталады. Ядроны сипаттайтын шамалардың ең маңыздыларының бірі — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Масса">масса</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ядролық физика">Ядролық физика</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Иондар">иондар</a> мен атом ядросының массасын көбінесе масс-спектрографтың көмегімен анықтайды. 8.2-суретте масс-спектрографтың сұлбасы келтірілген. Зерттелетін заттың атомдары иондық көзде (ИК) оң иондалып, әлсіз <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D3%A8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Электр Өрісі">электр өрісінің</a> әсерінен <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~D_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~D_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c8763f52b7bf89e8c154712ae30411537dd9ef69" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.559ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~D_{1}}"></span> диафрагма арқылы әр түрлі жылдамдықпен өтеді. <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~D_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~D_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c8763f52b7bf89e8c154712ae30411537dd9ef69" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.559ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~D_{1}}"></span> және <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~D_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~D_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/23d2e217341d2e43c5e789e0bc3a2940e435110b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.559ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~D_{2}}"></span> диафрагмалары арасында оң иондар электр өрісінде үдемелі қозғалады. Және осы мезетте оң <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Иондар">иондарға</a> индукциясы <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {B_{0}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {B_{0}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a379ac3fd46ffcc077a86e18087e4599be7b3d2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-top: -0.449ex; width:3.529ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {B_{0}}}}"></span> болатын <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82_%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96" title="Магнит өрісі">магнит өрісі</a> де әсер етеді. Осылайша үдетілген оң иондар, оған бір-біріне перпендикуляр бағытталып әсер ететін <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {E_{0}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {E_{0}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d5b4a6694ae8c0141f0e2fde5098d92cedcc7f87" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-top: -0.456ex; width:3.48ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {E_{0}}}}"></span> электр және <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {B_{0}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {B_{0}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a379ac3fd46ffcc077a86e18087e4599be7b3d2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-top: -0.449ex; width:3.529ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {B_{0}}}}"></span> магнит өрістері арқылы сұрыпталып өтеді. <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~D_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~D_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/23d2e217341d2e43c5e789e0bc3a2940e435110b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.559ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~D_{2}}"></span> диафрагма арқылы бұрылмай өтуі үшін <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~F=F_{M}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~F=F_{M}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c211a8881b64baf9d4bbb8663c91d4967123e498" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.874ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~F=F_{M}}"></span> немесе <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~qE_{0}=vqB_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>q</mi> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mi>q</mi> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~qE_{0}=vqB_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f3d669e18f3b6a269db4beaf081f5bc54c246bbb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.534ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~qE_{0}=vqB_{0}}"></span> шарты орындалуы керек. Бұл теңдеуден жылдамдықты анықтайық: </p> <blockquote style="border: 1px solid blue; padding: 0.5em 0.8em; width:20%"> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~v={E_{0} \over B_{0}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~v={E_{0} \over B_{0}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cb25756d3751000cb7f5c520ad4372fbdfb37732" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:8.461ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~v={E_{0} \over B_{0}}}"></span></center> </blockquote> <p>Осы жылдамдыққа ие болған оң иондар біртекті <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {B}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>B</mi> <mo>→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {B}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/71ce6a36115c26764d5ac0728c537f15c5adde49" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.098ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {B}}}"></span> магнит өрісінде орналасқан ВК <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Вакуум">вакуумдік</a> камераға өтеді. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82_%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96" title="Магнит өрісі">Магнит өрісінің индукция векторы</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {B}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>B</mi> <mo>→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {B}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/71ce6a36115c26764d5ac0728c537f15c5adde49" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.098ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~{\overrightarrow {B}}}"></span> иондардың жылдамдық векторына перпендикуляр орналаскан. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82_%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96" title="Магнит өрісі">Магнит өрісінде</a> козғалған оң иондарға модулі <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~F=qvB}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~F=qvB}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d5626624eb8c7318ade78cc35f78ae916cce459" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.381ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~F=qvB}"></span> болатын Лоренц күші әрекет етеді. <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Иондар">Иондар</a> осы күштің әрекетінен шеңбер бойымен қозғалады. Жартылай шеңбер сыза отырып, массалары бірдей иондар ФП фотопластинаның түрлі орындарында тіркеледі. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~F_{p}=F_{c}T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~F_{p}=F_{c}T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e551acf0583387aac03506a392c4447832a13bb9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:10.308ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~F_{p}=F_{c}T}"></span> немесе <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~M\cdot {v^{2} \over R}=qvB}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>M</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>R</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~M\cdot {v^{2} \over R}=qvB}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/82efbc5719389e85f4dbf956898d0227413c760e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:14.78ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~M\cdot {v^{2} \over R}=qvB}"></span> болғандықтан, ионның массасын </p> <blockquote style="border: 1px solid blue; padding: 0.5em 0.8em; width:20%"> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~M={qBR \over v}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mi>B</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> <mi>v</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~M={qBR \over v}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/200c49fcfbef9e826e98073f7a47ef626ba96ecc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:11.555ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~M={qBR \over v}}"></span></center> </blockquote> <p>өнергі бойынша жоғары дәлдікпен анықтайды. Атом ядросының массасын <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~M}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>M</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~M}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72dd124b6433041ee3c2003380b023d258859bdb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.023ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~M}"></span> әрпімен белгілеу қабылданған.<sup id="cite_ref-f1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ядролық_физикадағы_өлшем_бірліктер"><span id=".D0.AF.D0.B4.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BB.D1.8B.D2.9B_.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B0.D2.93.D1.8B_.D3.A9.D0.BB.D1.88.D0.B5.D0.BC_.D0.B1.D1.96.D1.80.D0.BB.D1.96.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Ядролық физикадағы өлшем бірліктер</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Ядролық физикадағы өлшем бірліктер" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Ядролық физикадағы өлшем бірліктер"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Өлшем бірліктерінің Халықаралык жүйесіндегі қолданылатын ұзындықтың, массаның және т.б. өздеріңе таныс өлшем бірліктерімен қатар, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ядролық физика">ядролық физикада</a> арнайы бірліктер қолданылады. Бұл қажеттілік ядролық процестердің субатомдық әлемде өтетінінен туындайды. </p><p>Мысалы, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ядролық физика">ядролық физикадағы</a> ең үлкен қашықтық <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом">атом</a> радиусының өзі <big>10<sup>−10</sup> м</big>-ге тең. Ұзындық бірлігі ретінде <i>ферми</i> алынады: <b><big>1фм = 10<sup>−15</sup> м</big></b>. Массаның бірлігі ретінде көміртегі <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle _{6}^{12}C}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>C</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle _{6}^{12}C}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d7f45c2af6a612c44498b569a9552dd85632f8d4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.643ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle _{6}^{12}C}"></span> атомы массасының бөлігі алынады, ол массаның атомдық бірлігі болып табылады: </p> <blockquote style="border: 1px solid blue; padding: 0.5em 0.8em; width:50%"> <center><b><big>1 м.а.б.=1,660546 · 10<sup>-27</sup> кг, 1 кг=6,023091 · 10<sup>26</sup> м.а.б.</big></b></center> </blockquote> <p>Салыстырмалы атомдық масса </p> <blockquote style="border: 1px solid blue; padding: 0.5em 0.8em; width:20%"> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~A_{r}={m_{A} \over 1m.a.b}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>m</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~A_{r}={m_{A} \over 1m.a.b}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7d982d66cad36b9d43fb5ae0741ae9997b4dcd01" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:14.73ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~A_{r}={m_{A} \over 1m.a.b}}"></span></center> </blockquote> <p>атомның абсолюттік массасында неше массаның атомдық бірлігі бар екенін көрсетеді. Мысалы, сутегі үшін <big>A<sub>r</sub>= 1,00783</big>, көміртегі үшін <big>A<sub>r</sub> = 12,0</big> , оттегі үшін <big>A<sub>r</sub> = 15,99482</big>. </p><p>Ядролық физикада <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энергия">энергияны</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Электронвольт">электронвольтпен</a> өлшейді, </p> <blockquote style="border: 1px solid blue; padding: 0.5em 0.8em; width:50%"> <center><b><big>1 эВ = 1,6 · 10<sup>-19</sup> Дж.</big></b></center> </blockquote> <p>Еселік мәндер де қолданылады: </p> <blockquote style="border: 1px solid blue; padding: 0.5em 0.8em; width:50%"> <center><b><big>1 кэВ =10<sup>3</sup> эВ; 1 МэВ =10<sup>6</sup> эВ;1 ГэВ =10<sup>9</sup> эВ.</big></b></center> </blockquote> <p>Көбінесе элементар бөлшектердің массаларын массаның атомдық бірлігімен қатар энергияның өлшем бірлігі <big>МэВ</big> немесе <big>ГэВ</big>-пен де өлшейді. Сондықтан массаның атомдық бірлігіне сәйкес болатын энергияның эквивалентін анықтайық. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Масса">Масса</a> мен <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энергия">энергияның</a> өзара байланыста болатыны <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B" title="Эйнштейн заңы">Эйнштейннің</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~E_{0}=m_{0}c^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~E_{0}=m_{0}c^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7987bf69fc7690155f77d4092798c3c64f59e2fe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.604ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~E_{0}=m_{0}c^{2}}"></span> формуласынан белгілі. </p><p>Атомдағы <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Электрон">электрондар</a> массасы ядроның массасымен салыстырғанда өте аз, оны ескермеуге болады. Сондықтан <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Массаның атомдық бірлігі">массаның атомдық бірлігімен</a> алынған және атом массасына ең жақын бүтін санды <i>массалық сан</i> деп атайды. Оны <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/17327d088840ce291c8db59b592489ef8e6e94bd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~A}"></span> әрпімен белгілейді. Ол жоғары дәлдікті қажет етпейтін есептеулерде, әсіресе массалардың қатынасы кіретін өрнектерде ядро массасының шамасы ретінде қолданылады. Мысалы, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гелий">гелий атомының</a> массасы <i><big>M<sub>He</sub> = 4,0026 м.а.б.</big></i> болса, массалық саны <i><big>A = 4</big></i> болады.<sup id="cite_ref-f1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Атом_ядросының_пішіні_мен_өлшемі"><span id=".D0.90.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BC_.D1.8F.D0.B4.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.8B.D2.A3_.D0.BF.D1.96.D1.88.D1.96.D0.BD.D1.96_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D3.A9.D0.BB.D1.88.D0.B5.D0.BC.D1.96"></span>Атом ядросының пішіні мен өлшемі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Атом ядросының пішіні мен өлшемі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Атом ядросының пішіні мен өлшемі"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Көптеген эксперименттік зерттеулер атом ядросының пішіні <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сфера">сфера</a> тәрізді болатынын көрсетті. Атом ядросының радиусын мына формула бойынша жуықтап анықтауға болады: </p> <blockquote style="border: 1px solid blue; padding: 0.5em 0.8em; width:20%"> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~R=R_{0}A^{1 \over 3}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~R=R_{0}A^{1 \over 3}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d292b19626349ca2c78b71e30c131074add8f7e2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.74ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~R=R_{0}A^{1 \over 3}}"></span></center> </blockquote> <p>мұндағы <i><big>R<sub>0</sub> = 1,25 = 1,25 · 10<sup>-15</sup> м</big></i>, <i><big>A</big></i> — массалық сан. Ал ядроның радиусы оның массалық санының кубтық түбіріне пропорционалдығынан ядролық заттың орташа тығыздығы үшін </p> <blockquote style="border: 1px solid blue; padding: 0.5em 0.8em; width:20%"> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~p={M \over V}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>M</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~p={M \over V}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5113a629abb19f907a0052d24b54a496788f096b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:8.127ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~p={M \over V}}"></span></center> </blockquote> <p>шығады, мұндағы <i><big>М<sub>я</sub> = (m<sub>р</sub> + m<sub>n</sub>) · А</big></i> — ядроның массасы. Есептеулер жуықтап алғанда ядролық заттың орташа тығыздығы <big>р ~ 2,7 · 10<sup>17</sup> кг/м<sup>3</sup></big> - екенін көрсетті. Заттың осындай <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Тығыздық">тығыздығы</a> ғарыштағы <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Нейтрондық жұлдыздар">нейтрондық жұлдыздар-пульсарларға</a> да тән көрінеді.<sup id="cite_ref-f1_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дереккөздер"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BA.D3.A9.D0.B7.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Дереккөздер</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Дереккөздер" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Дереккөздер"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-f1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-f1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f1_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">Физика</a>: Жалпы білім беретін мектептің жаратылыстану-математика бағытындағы 11 сыныбына арналған оқулық /С. Түяқбаев, Ш. Насохова, Б. Кронгарт, т.б. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Алматы">Алматы</a>: "Мектеп" баспасы. — 384 бет. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9965360553" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9965-36-055-3</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Атом_ядросы&oldid=3287512">https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Атом_ядросы&oldid=3287512</a>» бетінен алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Арнайы:Санаттар">Санаттар</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Санат:Ядролық физика">Ядролық физика</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Санат:Атом">Атом</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Жасырын санат: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:ISBN_%D1%81%D0%B8%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Санат:ISBN сиқырлы сілтемелері қолданылған беттер">ISBN сиқырлы сілтемелері қолданылған беттер</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Бұл беттің соңғы рет өзгертілген кезі: 2024 ж. ақпанның 26, 21:31.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Мәтін <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike лицензиясы</a> аясында қолжетімді; қосымша шарттар қолданылуы мүмкін. 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