Mocking - Laravel 11.x - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans

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value="https://laravel.com/docs/master/mocking">Master</option> <option selected value="https://laravel.com/docs/11.x/mocking">11.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/10.x/mocking">10.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/9.x/mocking">9.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/mocking">8.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/7.x/mocking">7.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/6.x/mocking">6.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/mocking">5.8</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.7/mocking">5.7</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.6/mocking">5.6</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.5/mocking">5.5</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.4/mocking">5.4</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.3/mocking">5.3</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.2/mocking">5.2</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.1/mocking">5.1</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.0/mocking">5.0</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/4.2/mocking">4.2</option> </select> <img class="absolute inset-y-0 right-0 mt-2.5 w-2.5 h-2.5 text-gray-900 pointer-events-none dark:hidden" src="/img/icons/drop_arrow.min.svg" alt="" width="10" height="10"> <img class="absolute inset-y-0 right-0 mt-2.5 w-2.5 h-2.5 text-gray-900 pointer-events-none hidden dark:block" src="/img/icons/drop_arrow.dark.min.svg" alt="" width="10" height="10"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="relative mt-8 flex items-center justify-end w-full h-10 lg:mt-0"> <div class="flex-1 flex items-center"> <button id="docsearch" class="text-gray-800 transition-colors dark:text-gray-400 w-full"></button> </div> </div> </div> <section class="mt-8 md:mt-16"> <section class="docs_main max-w-prose"> <div id="main-content"> <h1>Mocking</h1> <ul> <li> <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a> </li> <li> <a href="#mocking-objects">Mocking Objects</a> </li> <li> <a href="#mocking-facades">Mocking Facades</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#facade-spies">Facade Spies</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="#interacting-with-time">Interacting With Time</a> </li> </ul> <h2 id="introduction"><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></h2> <p>When testing Laravel applications, you may wish to "mock" certain aspects of your application so they are not actually executed during a given test. For example, when testing a controller that dispatches an event, you may wish to mock the event listeners so they are not actually executed during the test. This allows you to only test the controller's HTTP response without worrying about the execution of the event listeners since the event listeners can be tested in their own test case.</p> <p>Laravel provides helpful methods for mocking events, jobs, and other facades out of the box. These helpers primarily provide a convenience layer over Mockery so you do not have to manually make complicated Mockery method calls.</p> <h2 id="mocking-objects"><a href="#mocking-objects">Mocking Objects</a></h2> <p>When mocking an object that is going to be injected into your application via Laravel's <a href="/docs/11.x/container">service container</a>, you will need to bind your mocked instance into the container as an <code>instance</code> binding. This will instruct the container to use your mocked instance of the object instead of constructing the object itself:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Service</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Mockery</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Mockery\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">MockInterface</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">something can be mocked</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">instance</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Service</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Mockery</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">mock</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Service</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">MockInterface</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">mock</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">mock</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">shouldReceive</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">process</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">once</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">})</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Service</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Mockery</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Mockery\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">MockInterface</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_something_can_be_mocked</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">instance</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Service</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Mockery</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">mock</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Service</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">MockInterface</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$mock</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$mock</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">shouldReceive</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">process</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">once</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> })</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> );</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <p>In order to make this more convenient, you may use the <code>mock</code> method that is provided by Laravel's base test case class. For example, the following example is equivalent to the example above:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Service</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Mockery\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">MockInterface</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$mock</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">mock</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Service</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">MockInterface</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$mock</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$mock</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">shouldReceive</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">process</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">once</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> <p>You may use the <code>partialMock</code> method when you only need to mock a few methods of an object. The methods that are not mocked will be executed normally when called:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Service</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Mockery\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">MockInterface</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$mock</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">partialMock</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Service</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">MockInterface</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$mock</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$mock</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">shouldReceive</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">process</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">once</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> <p>Similarly, if you want to <a href="http://docs.mockery.io/en/latest/reference/spies.html">spy</a> on an object, Laravel's base test case class offers a <code>spy</code> method as a convenient wrapper around the <code>Mockery::spy</code> method. Spies are similar to mocks; however, spies record any interaction between the spy and the code being tested, allowing you to make assertions after the code is executed:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Service</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$spy</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">spy</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Service</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$spy</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">shouldHaveReceived</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">process</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h2 id="mocking-facades"><a href="#mocking-facades">Mocking Facades</a></h2> <p>Unlike traditional static method calls, <a href="/docs/11.x/facades">facades</a> (including <a href="/docs/11.x/facades#real-time-facades">real-time facades</a>) may be mocked. This provides a great advantage over traditional static methods and grants you the same testability that you would have if you were using traditional dependency injection. When testing, you may often want to mock a call to a Laravel facade that occurs in one of your controllers. For example, consider the following controller action:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\Http\Controllers;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Cache</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">UserController</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">Controller</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * Retrieve a list of all users of the application.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">index</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">array</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Cache</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">key</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ];</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> <p>We can mock the call to the <code>Cache</code> facade by using the <code>shouldReceive</code> method, which will return an instance of a <a href="https://github.com/padraic/mockery">Mockery</a> mock. Since facades are actually resolved and managed by the Laravel <a href="/docs/11.x/container">service container</a>, they have much more testability than a typical static class. For example, let's mock our call to the <code>Cache</code> facade's <code>get</code> method:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Cache</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">get index</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Cache</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">shouldReceive</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">get</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">once</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">with</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">key</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">andReturn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">value</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/users</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> //</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Cache</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">UserControllerTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_get_index</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Cache</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">shouldReceive</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">get</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">once</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">with</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">key</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">andReturn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">value</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/users</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-10 max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4 py-8 shadow-lg lg:flex lg:items-center callout"> <div class="w-20 h-20 mb-6 flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 lg:mb-0 bg-red-600"> <div class="opacity-75"><svg width="6" height="35" viewBox="0 0 6 35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>exclamation</title><path d="M0 29h6v6H0v-6zM0 0h6v24H0V0z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg> </div> </div> <p class="mb-0 lg:ml-6 callout"> You should not mock the <code>Request</code> facade. Instead, pass the input you desire into the <a href="/docs/11.x/http-tests">HTTP testing methods</a> such as <code>get</code> and <code>post</code> when running your test. Likewise, instead of mocking the <code>Config</code> facade, call the <code>Config::set</code> method in your tests.</p> </div> <h3 id="facade-spies"><a href="#facade-spies">Facade Spies</a></h3> <p>If you would like to <a href="http://docs.mockery.io/en/latest/reference/spies.html">spy</a> on a facade, you may call the <code>spy</code> method on the corresponding facade. Spies are similar to mocks; however, spies record any interaction between the spy and the code being tested, allowing you to make assertions after the code is executed:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Cache</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">values are be stored in cache</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Cache</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">spy</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">200</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Cache</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">shouldHaveReceived</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">put</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">once</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">with</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">10</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Cache</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_values_are_be_stored_in_cache</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Cache</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">spy</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">200</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Cache</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">shouldHaveReceived</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">put</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">once</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">with</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">10</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="interacting-with-time"><a href="#interacting-with-time">Interacting With Time</a></h2> <p>When testing, you may occasionally need to modify the time returned by helpers such as <code>now</code> or <code>Illuminate\Support\Carbon::now()</code>. Thankfully, Laravel's base feature test class includes helpers that allow you to manipulate the current time:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">time can be manipulated</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> //</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Travel into the future...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">milliseconds</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">seconds</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">minutes</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">hours</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">days</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">weeks</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">years</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> //</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Travel into the past...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">hours</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> //</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Travel to an explicit time...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travelTo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">now</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">subHours</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">6</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">));</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> //</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Return back to the present time...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travelBack</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_time_can_be_manipulated</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Travel into the future...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">milliseconds</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">seconds</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">minutes</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">hours</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">days</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">weeks</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">years</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Travel into the past...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">hours</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Travel to an explicit time...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travelTo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">now</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">subHours</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">6</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">));</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Return back to the present time...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travelBack</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <p>You may also provide a closure to the various time travel methods. The closure will be invoked with time frozen at the specified time. Once the closure has executed, time will resume as normal:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">5</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">days</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Test something five days into the future...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travelTo</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">now</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">subDays</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">10</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">), </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Test something during a given moment...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> <p>The <code>freezeTime</code> method may be used to freeze the current time. Similarly, the <code>freezeSecond</code> method will freeze the current time but at the start of the current second:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Carbon</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Freeze time and resume normal time after executing closure...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">freezeTime</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Carbon</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$time</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Freeze time at the current second and resume normal time after executing closure...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">freezeSecond</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Carbon</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$time</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">})</span></div></code></pre> <p>As you would expect, all of the methods discussed above are primarily useful for testing time sensitive application behavior, such as locking inactive posts on a discussion forum:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\Models\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Thread</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">forum threads lock after one week of inactivity</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">thread</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">Thread</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">factory</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">create</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">week</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> expect</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">($</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">thread</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">isLockedByInactivity</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">())</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">toBeTrue</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\Models\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Thread</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_forum_threads_lock_after_one_week_of_inactivity</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$thread</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">Thread</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">factory</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">create</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">travel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">week</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertTrue</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$thread</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">isLockedByInactivity</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">());</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div><script> function setTab(tab, group, save) { save = typeof save === 'undefined' ? true : save document .querySelectorAll(`.tabbed-code[data-group="${group}"] .tabbed-code-nav-button`) .forEach(el => el.classList.remove('active')) document .querySelectorAll(`.tabbed-code[data-group="${group}"] .code-container`) .forEach(el => el.classList.remove('active')) document .querySelectorAll(`.tabbed-code[data-group="${group}"] [data-tab="${tab}"]`) .forEach(el => el.classList.add('active')) if (save) { saveTab(tab, group) } } function getTabs() { try { return JSON.parse(localStorage.tabs) } catch { return {} } } function saveTab(tab, group) { localStorage.tabs = JSON.stringify({ ...getTabs(), [group]: tab, }) } function restoreTabs() { Object.entries(getTabs()).forEach(([group, tab]) => setTab(tab, group, false)) } restoreTabs() </script> <script async type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?serve=CKYILK3E&placement=laravelcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script> </div> </section> </section> </div> </section> </div> </div> <footer class="relative pt-12 dark:bg-dark-700"> <div class="max-w-screen-2xl mx-auto w-full px-8"> <div> <a href="/" class="inline-flex"> <img class="w-16 h-16" src="/img/logomark.min.svg" alt="Laravel" width="64" height="64" loading="lazy"> </a> </div> <div class="mt-6 grid grid-cols-12 md:gap-x-8 gap-y-12 sm:mt-12"> <div class="col-span-12 lg:col-span-4"> <p class="max-w-sm text-xs text-gray-700 sm:text-sm dark:text-gray-500"> Laravel is a web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. 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dark:hover:text-gray-400">Routing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/blade" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Blade Templates</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/authentication" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Authentication</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/authorization" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Authorization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/artisan" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Artisan Console</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/database" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Eloquent ORM</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/testing" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Testing</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="text-xs col-span-6 md:col-span-3 lg:col-span-2"> <span class="uppercase dark:text-gray-200">Resources</span> <div class="mt-5"> <ul class="space-y-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-500"> <li> <a href="https://bootcamp.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Laravel Bootcamp</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laracasts.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Laracasts</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laravel-news.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Laravel News</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laracon.us" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Laracon</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laracon.au" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Laracon AU</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laracon.eu/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Laracon EU</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laracon.in/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Laracon India</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://larabelles.com/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Larabelles</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laravel.com/careers" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://larajobs.com/?partner=5" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Jobs</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laracasts.com/discuss" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Forums</a> </li> <li> <a href="/trademark" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Trademark</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="text-xs col-span-6 md:col-span-3 lg:col-span-2"> <span class="uppercase dark:text-gray-200">Partners</span> <div class="mt-5"> <ul class="space-y-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-500"> <li> <a href="https://vehikl.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Vehikl</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://webreinvent.com/?utm_source=laravel&utm_medium=laravel.com&utm_campaign=footer-link" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">WebReinvent</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://tighten.co" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Tighten</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.bacancytechnology.com/hire-laravel-developer?utm_source=laravel&utm_medium=partners.laravel&utm_campaign=sponsors" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Bacancy</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://64robots.com/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">64 Robots</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://activelogic.com/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Active Logic</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.blackairplane.com/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Black Airplane</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.byte5.net/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Byte 5</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.curotec.com/services/technologies/laravel/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Curotec</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cyber-duck.co.uk/how-we-work/technology/laravel?utm_source=Laravel%20Partner&utm_medium=Sponsorship" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Cyber-Duck</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://devsquad.com/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">DevSquad</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://jump24.co.uk/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Jump24</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kirschbaumdevelopment.com/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Kirschbaum</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="text-xs col-span-6 md:col-span-3 lg:col-span-2"> <span class="uppercase dark:text-gray-200">Ecosystem</span> <div class="mt-5"> <ul class="space-y-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-500"> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/starter-kits#laravel-breeze" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Breeze</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/billing" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Cashier</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/dusk" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Dusk</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/broadcasting" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Echo</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://envoyer.io" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Envoyer</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://forge.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Forge</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://herd.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Herd</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/horizon" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Horizon</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://inertiajs.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Inertia</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://jetstream.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Jetstream</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://livewire.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Livewire</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://nova.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Nova</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/octane" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Octane</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pennant" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Pennant</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pint" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Pint</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/prompts" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Prompts</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://pulse.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Pulse</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://reverb.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Reverb</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/sail" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Sail</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/sanctum" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Sanctum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/scout" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Scout</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/socialite" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Socialite</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://spark.laravel.com" 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