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href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Juda" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Juda_i_Første_Mosebok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juda_i_Første_Mosebok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Juda i <i>Første Mosebok</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juda_i_Første_Mosebok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litterær_kritikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litterær_kritikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Litterær kritikk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litterær_kritikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jødisk_tradisjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jødisk_tradisjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Jødisk tradisjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jødisk_tradisjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Datering_av_Juda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Datering_av_Juda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Datering av Juda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Datering_av_Juda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Juda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 52 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juda" title="Juda – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Juda" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juda" title="Juda – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Juda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8" title="يهوذا بن يعقوب – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يهوذا بن يعقوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="یهودا – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یهودا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Іуда (сын Якава) – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іуда (сын Якава)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B1%E0%BC%8D_(%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D)" title="ཡུ་དཱ། (གསུང་རབ།) – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡུ་དཱ། (གསུང་རབ།)" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehouda" title="Yehouda – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yehouda" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jud%C3%A0_(fill_de_Jacob)" title="Judà (fill de Jacob) – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Judà (fill de Jacob)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juda_(biblick%C3%A1_postava)" title="Juda (biblická postava) – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Juda (biblická postava)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ιούδας ο Προπάτορας – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιούδας ο Προπάτορας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Judah (son of Jacob) – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Judah (son of Jacob)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jud%C3%A1_(patriarca)" title="Judá (patriarca) – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Judá (patriarca)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehuda" title="Jehuda – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jehuda" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juda_(patriarka)" title="Juda (patriarka) – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Juda (patriarka)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="یهودا – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یهودا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juda_(fils_de_Jacob)" title="Juda (fils de Jacob) – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Juda (fils de Jacob)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juda_(soan_fan_Jakob)" title="Juda (soan fan Jakob) – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Juda (soan fan Jakob)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%BAd%C3%A1" title="Iúdá – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iúdá" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%8B%A4_(%EC%95%BC%EA%B3%B1%EC%9D%98_%EC%95%84%EB%93%A4)" title="유다 (야곱의 아들) – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유다 (야곱의 아들)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehuda" title="Yehuda – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yehuda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuda_(patriarca)" title="Giuda (patriarca) – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giuda (patriarca)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_(%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="יהודה (דמות מקראית) – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יהודה (דמות מקראית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuda_(babu)" title="Yuda (babu) – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Yuda (babu)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iudas" title="Iudas – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iudas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAda_(Biblia)" title="Júda (Biblia) – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Júda (Biblia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Јуда (син на Јаков) – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јуда (син на Јаков)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod%C3%A0_(zanak%27_i_Jak%C3%B4ba)" title="Jodà (zanak' i Jakôba) – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jodà (zanak' i Jakôba)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%A7_(%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8)" title="يهوذا (بن يعقوب) – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يهوذا (بن يعقوب)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juda_(zoon_van_Jakob)" title="Juda (zoon van Jakob) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Juda (zoon van Jakob)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%80_(%E3%83%A4%E3%82%B3%E3%83%96%E3%81%AE%E5%AD%90)" title="ユダ (ヤコブの子) – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユダ (ヤコブの子)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%85%D3%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="ЯхӀуда – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ЯхӀуда" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudo_(Eski_Ahd)" title="Yahudo (Eski Ahd) – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yahudo (Eski Ahd)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A6" title="ਯਹੂਦ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯਹੂਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juda_(posta%C4%87_biblijna)" title="Juda (postać biblijna) – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Juda (postać biblijna)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jud%C3%A1_(filho_de_Jac%C3%B3)" title="Judá (filho de Jacó) – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Judá (filho de Jacó)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iuda_(fiul_lui_Iacob)" title="Iuda (fiul lui Iacob) – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iuda (fiul lui Iacob)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82)" title="Иуда (Ветхий Завет) – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иуда (Ветхий Завет)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Иуда (Дьаакып уола) – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Иуда (Дьаакып уола)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%81%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%81_%D8%A8%D9%86_%DB%8C%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%88_%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="یہوداہ بن یعقوب و قبائل بنی اسرائیل – saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="یہوداہ بن یعقوب و قبائل بنی اسرائیل" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Judah (son of Jacob) – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Judah (son of Jacob)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Јуда (син Јаковов) – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јуда (син Јаковов)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juuda" title="Juuda – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Juuda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juda" title="Juda – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Juda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE_(%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D)" title="யூதா (யாக்கோபுவின் மகன்) – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யூதா (யாக்கோபுவின் மகன்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yudas_(mmi-s_n_Yakuf)" title="Yudas (mmi-s n Yakuf) – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Yudas (mmi-s n Yakuf)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%9A)" title="ยูดาห์ (บุตรยาโคบ) – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูดาห์ (บุตรยาโคบ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehuda_(Yakub%27un_o%C4%9Flu)" title="Yehuda (Yakub'un oğlu) – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yehuda (Yakub'un oğlu)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB%D1%8F)" title="Юда (син Ізраїля) – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Юда (син Ізраїля)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%81%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%81_(%DB%8C%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%A7)" title="یہوداہ (یعقوب کا بیٹا) – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یہوداہ (یعقوب کا بیٹا)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah" title="Judah – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Judah" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94" title="יהודה – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יהודה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%A7_(%E5%89%B5%E4%B8%96%E8%A8%98)" title="猶大 (創世記) – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="猶大 (創世記)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>For kongedømmet med likelydende navn: se <a href="/wiki/Konged%C3%B8mmet_Judea" title="Kongedømmet Judea">kongedømmet Judea</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Emile_Jean_Horace_Vernet_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Emile_Jean_Horace_Vernet_001.jpg/250px-Emile_Jean_Horace_Vernet_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Emile_Jean_Horace_Vernet_001.jpg/375px-Emile_Jean_Horace_Vernet_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Emile_Jean_Horace_Vernet_001.jpg/500px-Emile_Jean_Horace_Vernet_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1335" /></a><figcaption><i>Juda og Tamar</i>, maleri ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Vernet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Vernet (ikke skrevet ennå)">Horace Vernet</a>, 1840</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Juda</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebraisk" title="Hebraisk">hebraisk</a>: <span class="he" dir="rtl" style="font-family:'Ezra SIL', 'Ezra SIL SR', 'Keter Aram Tsova', 'Taamey Ashkenaz', 'Taamey David CLM', 'Taamey Frank CLM', 'Frank Ruehl CLM', 'Keter YG', 'Shofar', 'David CLM', 'Hadasim CLM', 'Simple CLM', 'Nachlieli', 'SBL BibLit', 'SBL Hebrew', Cardo, Alef, 'Noto Serif Hebrew', 'Noto Sans Hebrew', 'David Libre', David, 'Times New Roman', Gisha, Arial;font-size:11pt" lang="he">יְהוּדָה</span>, <i>Yhuda</i>) var i henhold til <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_Mosebok" title="Første Mosebok">Første Mosebok</a></i> i <a href="/wiki/Den_hebraiske_Bibelen" class="mw-redirect" title="Den hebraiske Bibelen">den hebraiske Bibelen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Det_gamle_testamente" class="mw-redirect" title="Det gamle testamente">det gamle testamente</a>) den fjerde sønnen til <a href="/wiki/Jakob_(stamfar)" title="Jakob (stamfar)">Jakob</a> og <a href="/wiki/Lea_(bibelsk_person)" title="Lea (bibelsk person)">Lea</a>, og grunnlegger av den <a href="/wiki/Israelitter" title="Israelitter">israelittiske</a> <a href="/wiki/Judas_stamme" title="Judas stamme">stammen Juda</a>. Bibelforskere som eksempelvis J.A. Emerton vurderer fortellingen om Juda som en etterskygge (spådom etter fakta), en <a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">eponymisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Metafor" title="Metafor">metafor</a> eller en <a href="/wiki/Opphavsmyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Opphavsmyte">opphavsmyte</a> som fremmet en årsak som knyttet Judas stamme til de andre stammene i det israelittiske forbundet.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kong <a href="/wiki/Kong_David" title="Kong David">David</a> og hans etterkommere, deriblant <a href="/wiki/Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, hevdes å ha tilhørt Judas stamme, og var etterkommere av Juda via <a href="/wiki/Peres" title="Peres">Peres</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Juda_i_Første_Mosebok"><span id="Juda_i_F.C3.B8rste_Mosebok"></span>Juda i <i>Første Mosebok</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Juda i Første Mosebok" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Juda i Første Mosebok"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Juda er den fjerde sønnen til patriarken <a href="/wiki/Jakob_(stamfar)" title="Jakob (stamfar)">Jakob</a> og hans første hustru <a href="/wiki/Lea_(Bibelen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lea (Bibelen)">Lea</a>. Hans brødre er <a href="/wiki/Ruben_(Bibelen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruben (Bibelen)">Ruben</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simeon_(bibelsk_person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon (bibelsk person)">Simeon</a> og <a href="/wiki/Levi" title="Levi">Levi</a> (alle eldre), og <a href="/wiki/Jissakar" title="Jissakar">Jissakar</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sebulon" title="Sebulon">Sebulon</a> (yngre), og han hadde dessuten seks halvbrødre. </p><p>Brødrene ble sjalu på nest yngste, <a href="/wiki/Josef_(stamfar)" title="Josef (stamfar)">Josef</a>, som ble best lik av deres far Jakob og som fortalte dem om drømmer hvordan de bøyde seg for ham. En dag da brødrene dro ut for å gjete sauene, dro Josef etter dem da han ønsket å være en av dem. Han var usikker på hvor de hadde dratt, men en mann viste ham retningen.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Da Josef fant brødrene sine gjorde de narr av ham og hånte ham. Ruben, den eldste, tok kontroll da brødrene ville drepe broren, og foreslo at de isteden skulle kaste ham ned i en dyp grop i nærheten. Brødrene tok Josefs tunika og kastet ham ned i gropen uten å gi ham mat eller drikke. Mens dette skjedde kunne de samtidig se karavane av <a href="/wiki/Ismael" title="Ismael">ismaelittere</a> med <a href="/wiki/Kamel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamel">kameler</a> som fraktet krydder på veg mot <a href="/wiki/Oldtidens_Egypt" title="Oldtidens Egypt">Egypt</a>. Juda, den sterkeste av brødrene, reiste seg og sa at istedenfor å drepe broren, burde de selge ham til ismaelittene. Josef ble solgt for 20 sølvstykker og ble fraktet til Egypt. For å skjule beviset og komme opp med en historie, dyppet brødrene Josefs tunika i friskt geiteblod og viste det til faren. De sa at Josef hadde blitt drept av <a href="/wiki/Ulv" title="Ulv">ulver</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Kanaan" title="Kanaan">Kanaan</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rembrandt%27s_school_Tamar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rembrandt%27s_school_Tamar.JPG/250px-Rembrandt%27s_school_Tamar.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rembrandt%27s_school_Tamar.JPG/500px-Rembrandt%27s_school_Tamar.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption><i>Juda og Tamar</i>, <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandts</a> skole</figcaption></figure> <p>Juda giftet seg med datteren av en kanaaneer som het Sjua, og i henhold til <i>Første Mosebok</i> 38<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fikk han tre barn med henne mens han var Kesib: <a href="/wiki/Er_(bibelsk_person)" title="Er (bibelsk person)">Er</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onan" title="Onan">Onan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sjela" title="Sjela">Sjela</a>. </p><p>Er giftet seg med <a href="/wiki/Tamar_(bibelsk_person)" title="Tamar (bibelsk person)">Tamar</a>, men <a href="/wiki/Jahve" title="Jahve">Gud</a> drepte ham fordi han var ond eller ikke var god nok. Tamar ble deretter gift med Onan i henhold til tradisjonen at en bror gifter seg med sin brors enke, men Gud drepte ham fordi han ikke lot Tamar bli gravid ved å spille sin sæd på bakken (ettersom den døde broren ville bli regnet som far til eventuelle barn). Tamar skulle da ha giftet seg med Sjela, den gjenværende broren, men Juda ga henne ikke videre. Hun lurte da Juda til å ligge med seg ved å forkle seg som en <a href="/wiki/Prostitusjon" title="Prostitusjon">prostituert</a>, og da Juda oppdaget at hun var blitt gravid, ville han få henne drept, men da han lærte han selv var faren, tilbakekalte han det og bekjente at han hadde vært hos en prostituert.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Avkommet fra foreningen ble tvillingene Peres og Serah, den fjerde og femte av sønnene til Juda, og i henhold til tradisjonen ble de forfedrene til <a href="/wiki/David_av_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="David av Israel">David</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I mellomtiden hadde Josef hatt framgang i Egypt og steget opp til en maktposisjon, og han møtte brødrene sine igjen uten at de gjenkjente ham. Den yngste broren, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_(bibelsk_person)" title="Benjamin (bibelsk person)">Benjamin</a>, som ble igjen i <a href="/wiki/Kanaan" title="Kanaan">Kanaan</a> med Jakob. Josef tok da Simeon som gissel for at også Benjamin skulle tvinges til Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juda greide å overtale Jakob til å la dem ta med seg Benjamin til Egypt. Da brødrene kom tilbake til Josef, og han satte brødrene på en prøve ved å kreve at Benjamin skulle bli <a href="/wiki/Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave">slave</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juda ber da for Benjamin og Josef avslørte sin sanne identitet.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litterær_kritikk"><span id="Litter.C3.A6r_kritikk"></span>Litterær kritikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litterær kritikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litterær kritikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bibelkritikken har fokusert på forholdet mellom fortellingen om Juda i kapittel 38 og fortellingen om Josef i kapitlene 37 og 39. Victor Hamilton merket seg en del «bevisste litterære paralleller» mellom kapitlene, som tilskyndelsen av å «identifisere»<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emerton vurderte forbindelsene som bevis for å inkludere kapittel 38 i korpus J og antyder at J-forfatteren sammensinket tradisjonene med Josef og Juda.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Derek Kidner peker på at i innlegget av kapittel 38 «skaper spenning for leseren,»<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men Robert Alter går videre og antyder at det er et resultat av «glimrende spleising av kildene av en litterær kunstner.» Han merket seg at det samme verbet «identifisere» vil spille «en avgjørende tematisk rolle i avsløringen fortellingen om Josef da han konfronterte brødrene i Egypt, han gjenkjenner dem, men de klarer ikke å gjenkjenne ham.»<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tilsvarende merket J. P. Fokkelman seg at den «ekstra oppmerksomheten» for Juda i kapittel 38 «setter ham opp i hans betydelige rolle som brødrenes talsmann i <i>Første Mosebok</i> 44.»<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>J.A. Emerton noterte at det er «viden enighet» om at fortellingen om Juda og Tamar «reflekterer en periode etter israelittenes bosetning i Kanaan.»<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han antydet også muligheten for den inneholdt «<a href="/wiki/Etiologi" title="Etiologi">etiologiske</a> motiv angående de <a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">eponymiske</a> forfedrene til Judas stammer.»<sup id="cite_ref-Emerton1979_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emerton1979-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emerton merket seg at Dillman og Noth betraktet fortellingene om dødsfallene til Er og Onan som en refleksjon at to stammer som bar disses navn, døde ut, «eller i det minste deres mislykkethet i å opprettholde en adskilt eksistens.» Dette synet er imidlertid «bitende kritisert» av Thomas L. Thompson.<sup id="cite_ref-Emerton1979_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emerton1979-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jødisk_tradisjon"><span id="J.C3.B8disk_tradisjon"></span>Jødisk tradisjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Jødisk tradisjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Jødisk tradisjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Konstantin_Flavitsky_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Konstantin_Flavitsky_001.jpg/250px-Konstantin_Flavitsky_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Konstantin_Flavitsky_001.jpg/500px-Konstantin_Flavitsky_001.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1299" data-file-height="986" /></a><figcaption><i>Jakobs sønner selger deres bror Josef</i>, maleri av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstantin_Flavitsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstantin Flavitsky (ikke skrevet ennå)">Konstantin Flavitsky</a>, 1855. Juda var den som foreslo at Josef skulle bli solgt framfor å blitt slått i hjel.</figcaption></figure> <p>Teksten i <i><a href="/wiki/Tora" title="Tora">Tora</a></i> argumenterer at navnet til Juda, i betydningen «å lovprise», refererer til Leas hensikt å prise <a href="/wiki/Jahve" title="Jahve">Jahve</a> ved å ha født fire barn, og oppnådd fra <i>odeh</i>, betydning «Jeg vil gi lovprisning». I klassisk rabbinsk litteratur er navnet tolket som en kombinasjon av Jahve og en <i>dalet</i> (bokstaven <a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a>); i <a href="/wiki/Gematri" title="Gematri">gematri</a> har <i>dalet</i> den numeriske verdien <a href="/wiki/4_(tall)" title="4 (tall)">4</a>, hvilket disse rabbinske kildene argumenterer til Juda som Jakobs fjerde sønn.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ettersom Lea var <a href="/wiki/Matriarkat" title="Matriarkat">matriark</a> mener <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8dedom" title="Jødedom">jødiske</a> lærde at tekstens forfattere mente at stammen var en del av det opprinnelige jødiske forbundet, men inneholdt en stor andel av ikke-israelitter; et antall <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenisseer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenisseer (ikke skrevet ennå)">kenisseer</a>, jerameelitter, og <a href="/wiki/Kenitter" title="Kenitter">kenitter</a> som ble slått sammen med stammen ved ulike tidspunkt.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Klassisk rabbinsk litteratur refererer til avsnittet om at en hersker kom fra Juda i <i>Første Krønikebok</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> noe som innebærer at Juda var lederen blant brødrene ved at tilkjennegis som «fyrsten».<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette avsnittet beskriver Juda som «den sterkeste av sine brødre», noe som i den rabbinske litteraturen portretterer ham som den som hadde særdeles stor fysisk styrke, i stand til rope over store avstander, til knuse <a href="/wiki/Jern" title="Jern">jern</a> til støv med sin munn, og med hår som ble så stivt når han ble sint at det rev i stykker hans hår.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Klassiske rabbinske kilder hentyder også om en krig mellom kanaanittene og Judas familie, noe som <i>ikke</i> er nevnt i <a href="/wiki/Den_hebraiske_Bibelen" class="mw-redirect" title="Den hebraiske Bibelen">den hebraiske Bibelen</a>. Krigen var et resultat av deres ødeleggelse av <a href="/wiki/Sikem" title="Sikem">Sikem</a> som hevn for voldtekten av Dina.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juda opptrer i stor grad som hovedpersonen i omtalene av denne krigen. I disse redegjørelsene drepte Juda en kong Jashub av Tappuah i nærkamp etter først å ha veltet Jashub ned fra sin hest ved å kaste en meget stor stein fra en lang avstand. Det fortelles at Juda greide denne prestasjonen selv om han var under angrep ved at Jashub skjøt med bue mot ham.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Redegjørelsene forteller videre at mens Juda forsøkte å fjerne Jashubs rustning, ble han angrepet av ni fiender. Han drepte en av dem og skremte vekk de andre.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juda skal ha drept flere i Jashubs hær, tusen menn i henhold til <i>Judas testamente</i>, men langt mindre overdrevet i <i>Sefer haYashar</i> (Jashers bok), det vil si 42 stykker.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ettersom flere rabbinske kilder hevder at Juda var lederen blant brødrene har de samme kildene også gjort ham ansvarlig for å selge Josef til slaveri og bedra sin far, selv om det ikke var Juda selv som viste fram Josefs tunika med det falske blodet til Jakob.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selv om Juda faktisk hadde forsøkt å redde Josef, har de rabbinske kildene uansett vurdert ham negativt. Som sine brødres leder burde han i henhold til disse kildene ha vist større anstrengelser for å forhindre Josefs skjebne.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disse kildene argumenterte at Judas brødre, etter å ha sett Jakobs sorg, avsatte og forviste Juda da de holdt ham alene ansvarlig ved at de ville ha ført Josef hjem om ikke Juda hadde fått dem til å handle annerledes.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guddommelig straff, i henhold disse kildene, var også påført Juda i straff for Er og Onan, og av hans hustru.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De klassiske rabbinske kildene argumenterte at Juda reagerte voldsomt overfor trusselen mot Benjamin, skrek så høyt at Hushim som var i Kanaan kunne høre ham.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En tradisjon hevdet at han tok en stor stein og kastet den opp i luften.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disse rabbinske kildene hevder at Juda fikk <a href="/wiki/Naftali" title="Naftali">Naftali</a> til å telle opp distriktene i Egypt, og etter at han fant ut at det var 12 av dem (historisk sett var det faktisk 20 i <a href="/wiki/Nedre_Egypt" title="Nedre Egypt">Nedre Egypt</a> og 22 i <a href="/wiki/%C3%98vre_Egypt" title="Øvre Egypt">Øvre Egypt</a>), besluttet han å ødelegge 3 selv, og la sine brødre ødelegge et hver av de øvrige. Det var disse truslene om at Egypt kunne bli ødelagt, i henhold til disse kildene, at Josef besluttet å avsløre hvem han egentlig var overfor sine brødre.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Datering_av_Juda">Datering av Juda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Datering av Juda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Datering av Juda"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:PikiWiki_Israel_3581_yehuda_tomb_in_yehud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/PikiWiki_Israel_3581_yehuda_tomb_in_yehud.jpg/250px-PikiWiki_Israel_3581_yehuda_tomb_in_yehud.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/PikiWiki_Israel_3581_yehuda_tomb_in_yehud.jpg/500px-PikiWiki_Israel_3581_yehuda_tomb_in_yehud.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Grav tilskrevet til Juda i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yehud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yehud (ikke skrevet ennå)">Yehud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>I henhold til klassisk rabbinsk litteratur er Judas fødsel blitt plassert til den 15. <a href="/wiki/Siv%C3%A1n" title="Siván">siván</a> i det jødiske året;<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men litteraturen er ens om når han døde, <i><a href="/wiki/Boken_om_Jubel%C3%A5rene" title="Boken om Jubelårene">Boken om Jubelårene</a></i> fremmer at han døde da han var 119 år, 18 år før Levi.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den <a href="/wiki/Midrasj" title="Midrasj">midrasjiske</a> <i>Sefer haYashar</i> (Boken om Jefer) hevder at han døde da han var 129 år gammel.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ekteskapet til Juda og fødslene til hans barn er beskrevet i et avsnitt som er vidt vurdert som en brå endring i den øvrige fortellingen.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Avsnittet er ofte vurdert som å presentere et betydningsfullt <a href="/wiki/Kronologi" title="Kronologi">kronologisk</a> stridspunkt da den konteksten rundt synes å inneholde hendelesene til avsnittet til hendelsene innenfor 22 år,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og konteksten sammen med avsnittet i seg selv krever fødselen til sønnesønnen til Juda og av hans sønns hustru,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og fødselen til den sønnen,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som skal ha skjedd innenfor denne tiden (for å være konsistent, dette krever et gjennomsnitt på mindre enn 8 års gap for hver generasjon). I henhold til bibelforskere, årsaken for denne brå forstyrrelsen i dette avsnittet får fortellingen ellers, og de kronologiske uregelmessigheter det synes å skape, er at det er avledet fra den jahvistiske kilden (som oftest kalt for J-forfatteren) men den umiddelbare omgivende fortellingen er fra den elohistiske kilden (E-forfatteren).<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Peake, Arthur Samuel (1919, 1937): <i>A Commentary on the Bible</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">En del bibelkommentarer har foreslått at denne mannen egentlig var en engel.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Nettbibelen: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibel.no/Nettbibelen?query=ud8MMrJeKwHNJdqN05oJoRHVB/9l9XAziN73iCMFQWnUtI3CPeXsnw1uRfMPO+lP"><i>Første Mosebok</i> 38</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> I henhold til <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, sonet Judas bekjennelse for en del av hans tidligere feil, og i seg resulterte at han ble guddommelig belønnet av en del av den framtidige verden, i henhold til jødisk <a href="/wiki/Eksatologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Eksatologi">eksatologi</a> (<i>Sotah</i> 7b)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Nettbibelen: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibel.no/Nettbibelen?query=ud8MMrJeKwHNJdqN05oJoRHVB/9l9XAziN73iCMFQWnUtI3CPeXsnw1uRfMPO+lP"><i>Første Mosebok</i> 38:1-30</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Nettbibelen: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibel.no/Nettbibelen?query=ud8MMrJeKwHNJdqN05oJof/bwoz5TjoK8+4pIKuAwTVpbzUEStRusEy76sJZ1Kft"><i>Første Mosebok</i> 42:24, 42:34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Nettbibelen: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibel.no/Nettbibelen?query=ud8MMrJeKwHNJdqN05oJoR/LEzzGN9EVqtkmL/Q4aDJUWhmsnzdKSLvxWtjJpvJL"><i>Første Mosebok</i> 44:1-17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Nettbibelen: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibel.no/Nettbibelen?query=ud8MMrJeKwHNJdqN05oJoR/LEzzGN9EVqtkmL/Q4aDJUWhmsnzdKSLvxWtjJpvJL"><i>Første Mosebok</i> 44:18-34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Nettbibelen: <i>Første Mosebok</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibel.no/Nettbibelen?query=ud8MMrJeKwHNJdqN05oJoRHVB/9l9XAzY4/18j6KddsCnFRQAbPnBBxsNt9Ocg1/">38:25-26</a> og <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibel.no/Nettbibelen?query=ud8MMrJeKwHNJdqN05oJodlWR9mWYEt0HyLkjE0lvzjtq/tX7iep8aEH3fzEZU5N">37:32-33</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Hamilton, Victor P. (1995): <i>The Book of Genesis, Chapters 18-50</i> (NICOT; Eerdmans, s. 431-432.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Emerton, J. A.: «Some problems», 349. Emerton antyde også (s. 360) at i J, denne fortellingen «aldri sto noe sted, men mellom fortellingene om å selge Josef til slaveri og Josefs gjerninger i Egypt.»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Kidner, Derek (2008): <i>Genesis: An Introduction and Commentary</i>, IVP, s. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Alter, Robert (1981): <i>The Art of Biblical Narrative</i>, Basic Books, s. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Fokkelman, J. P. (1999): <i>Reading Biblical Narrative</i>, Leiderdorp: Deo, s. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Emerton, J.A. (1975): «Some problems in Genesis xxxviii» i: <i>Vetus Testamentum</i> <b>25</b>, s. 345.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emerton1979-16"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Emerton1979_16-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emerton1979_16-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> Emerton, J.A. (1975): «Judah and Tamar» i: <i>Vetus Testamentum</i> <b>29</b>, s. 405.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <i>Sotah</i> 10b</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-18"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-6"><sup>g</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-7"><sup>h</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_18-8"><sup>i</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Første Krønikebok</i> 5:2 i <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt25a05.htm#2">hebraisk og engelsk utgaver</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010110325/http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt25a05.htm#2">Arkivert</a> 10. oktober 2017 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., og i <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibel.no/Nettbibelen?query=8j1V5Xwaqqd279VOilez1L6xgCkdqMyDCNrpAVtJrE04zV9YLPiaSpZ+TwCgxPWK">norsk oversettelse</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Genesis Rabba (B'reshith Rabba</i> 84:16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Testamentene til de tolv patriarker</i>, Judas testamente 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Genesis Rabba (B'reshith Rabba</i> 93:6–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">i store detaljer i <i>Sefer haYashar</i> (Jashers bok), <i>Vayishlah</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Targum_Pseudo-Jonathan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (ikke skrevet ennå)">Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a></i> (om <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibel.no/Nettbibelen?query=ud8MMrJeKwHNJdqN05oJoSWi+aHyHlrVmZO5Ve+fMWAqR0Td3vMCcgj5pqVWaxw+"><i>Første Mosebok</i> 48:22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Boken_om_Jubel%C3%A5rene" title="Boken om Jubelårene">Boken om Jubelårene</a></i> 34:1-9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Testamentene til de tolv patriarker</i>, Judas testamente 3-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Genesis Rabba (B'reshith Rabba</i> 85:4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Exodus Rabba</i> 42:2; <i>Tanhumah</i>, Vayeshev, 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tanhuma</i>, Vayiggash 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sefer haYashar</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <i>Boken om Jubelårene</i> 28:15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sefer haYashar</i> (midrasj), <i>Shemot</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Første Mosebok</i> 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Sammenlign <i>Første Mosebok</i> 37:2 («...var sytten år...») - med <i>Første Mosebok</i> 41:46 («...var tretti år gammel...»), 41:53 («...de sju årene...»), og 45:6 («... i to år ...»)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Nettbibelen: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibel.no/Nettbibelen?query=ud8MMrJeKwHNJdqN05oJoVLCMXSrhP3BPG8bQA9/yavw0gdwbr2FhTOx2ubYJsQt"><i>Første Mosebok</i> 46:12</a>: «... Peres hadde sønnene...»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Nettbibelen: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibel.no/Nettbibelen?query=ud8MMrJeKwHNJdqN05oJoRHVB/9l9XAzY4/18j6KddvkbykvcCOympQORTXhsrDA"><i>Første Mosebok</i> 38:3</a>: «...fødte en sønn. Han kalte ham Er...»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Cheyne, Thomas Kelly & Black|, John Sutherland (1899): <i>Encyclopaedia Biblica</i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Friedman, Richard Elliott (1987): <i>Who wrote the Bible?</i>, Harper San Francisco. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0060630353" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-06-063035-3</a> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8ven_av_Judas_stamme" title="Løven av Judas stamme">Løven av Judas stamme</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Judah_son_of_Jacob" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Judah son of Jacob">Judah son of Jacob</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24994932">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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