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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mechanical word processing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanical_word_processing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electromechanical_and_electronic_word_processing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electromechanical_and_electronic_word_processing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Electromechanical and electronic word processing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electromechanical_and_electronic_word_processing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_word_processor_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_word_processor_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Japanese word processor devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_word_processor_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Word_processing_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Word_processing_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Word processing software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Word_processing_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woordverwerker" title="Woordverwerker – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Woordverwerker" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="معالج كلمات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معالج كلمات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesador_de_testu" title="Procesador de testu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Procesador de testu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99tn_prosessoru" title="Mətn prosessoru – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mətn prosessoru" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0" title="ওয়ার্ড প্রসেসর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওয়ার্ড প্রসেসর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Тэкставы працэсар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэкставы працэсар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%89_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Текстообработващ процесор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Текстообработващ процесор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processador_de_text" title="Processador de text – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Processador de text" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textov%C3%BD_procesor" title="Textový procesor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Textový procesor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waddefresser" title="Waddefresser – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Waddefresser" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textverarbeitung" title="Textverarbeitung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Textverarbeitung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekstit%C3%B6%C3%B6tlusprogramm" title="Tekstitöötlusprogramm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tekstitöötlusprogramm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Επεξεργαστής εγγράφου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επεξεργαστής εγγράφου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesador_de_texto" title="Procesador de texto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Procesador de texto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekstoprilaborilo" title="Tekstoprilaborilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tekstoprilaborilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testu-tratamenduko_programa" title="Testu-tratamenduko programa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Testu-tratamenduko programa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%98%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="واژه‌پرداز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واژه‌پرداز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logiciel_de_traitement_de_texte" title="Logiciel de traitement de texte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Logiciel de traitement de texte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekstferwurker" title="Tekstferwurker – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tekstferwurker" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B3ise%C3%A1la%C3%AD_focal" title="Próiseálaí focal – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Próiseálaí focal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesador_de_texto" title="Procesador de texto – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Procesador de texto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%8C%EB%93%9C_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%84%B8%EC%84%9C" title="워드 프로세서 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="워드 프로세서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%95" title="शब्द संसाधक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शब्द संसाधक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_za_obradu_teksta" title="Program za obradu teksta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Program za obradu teksta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengolah_kata" title="Pengolah kata – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengolah kata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidludlungi_mazwi" title="Isidludlungi mazwi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isidludlungi mazwi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritvinnsluforrit" title="Ritvinnsluforrit – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ritvinnsluforrit" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoscrittura" title="Videoscrittura – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Videoscrittura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%93_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מעבד תמלילים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעבד תמלילים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Мәтіндік процессор – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мәтіндік процессор" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kichakata_matini" title="Kichakata matini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kichakata matini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programma_editorium" title="Programma editorium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Programma editorium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%A1mbwisi_lib%C3%B3ngwami-nkom%C3%A1" title="Litámbwisi libóngwami-nkomá – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Litámbwisi libóngwami-nkomá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokumentumszerkeszt%C5%91" title="Dokumentumszerkesztő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dokumentumszerkesztő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC" title="വേഡ് പ്രോസസർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വേഡ് പ്രോസസർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemproses_perkataan" title="Pemproses perkataan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemproses perkataan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekstverwerker" title="Tekstverwerker – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tekstverwerker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5" title="ワードプロセッサ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ワードプロセッサ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Текстпроцессор – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Текстпроцессор" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0" title="ਵਰਡ ਪ੍ਰੋਸੈਸਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਰਡ ਪ੍ਰੋਸੈਸਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8_%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="لفظ نگار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لفظ نگار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DA%86%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ويوکی چلوونکی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ويوکی چلوونکی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesor_tekstu" title="Procesor tekstu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Procesor tekstu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processador_de_texto" title="Processador de texto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Processador de texto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesare_de_text" title="Procesare de text – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Procesare de text" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Текстовый процессор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Текстовый процессор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Word processor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textov%C3%BD_procesor" title="Textový procesor – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Textový procesor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urejevalnik_besedil" title="Urejevalnik besedil – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Urejevalnik besedil" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Обрада текста – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Обрада текста" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekst_procesor" title="Tekst procesor – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tekst procesor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordbehandlare" title="Ordbehandlare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ordbehandlare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Word processor" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="சொற்செயலி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சொற்செயலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3" title="โปรแกรมประมวลคำ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โปรแกรมประมวลคำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Вожапардоз – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вожапардоз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelime_i%C5%9Flemci" title="Kelime işlemci – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kelime işlemci" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Текстовий процесор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Текстовий процесор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="ورڈ پروسیسر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ورڈ پروسیسر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_tr%C3%ACnh_so%E1%BA%A1n_th%E1%BA%A3o_v%C4%83n_b%E1%BA%A3n" title="Chương trình soạn thảo văn bản – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chương trình soạn thảo văn bản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" title="文字处理器 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="文字处理器" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A8" title="ווארט פראצעסאר – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ווארט פראצעסאר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" title="文書處理器 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文書處理器" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" title="文字处理器 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="文字处理器" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q54277#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Word_processing_programs&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Word processing programs">Word processing programs</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Device or computer program used for writing and editing documents</div><p>A <b>word processor</b> (<b>WP</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a device or computer program that provides for input, editing, formatting, and output of text, often with some additional features. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Word_processor_(electronic_device)" title="Word processor (electronic device)">Early word processors</a> were stand-alone devices dedicated to the function, but current word processors are <a href="/wiki/Word_processor_program" title="Word processor program">word processor programs</a> running on general purpose computers. </p><p>The functions of a word processor program fall somewhere between those of a simple <a href="/wiki/Text_editor" title="Text editor">text editor</a> and a fully functioned <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a> program. While the distinction between a text editor and a word processor is clear—namely the capability of editing <a href="/wiki/Formatted_text" title="Formatted text">rich text</a>—the distinctions between a word processor and a desktop publishing program has become unclear as word processing software has gained features such as <a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)" title="Ligature (writing)">ligature</a> support <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word#Layout_issues" title="Microsoft Word">added to the 2010 version of Microsoft Word</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common word processor programs include <a href="/wiki/LibreOffice_Writer" title="LibreOffice Writer">LibreOffice Writer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google_Docs" title="Google Docs">Google Docs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Word_processor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Word processors developed from mechanical machines, later merging with computer technology.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The history of word processing is the story of the gradual automation of the physical aspects of writing and editing, and then to the refinement of the technology to make it available to corporations and Individuals. </p><p>The term <i>word processing</i> appeared in American offices in the early 1970s centered on the idea of streamlining the work to typists, but the meaning soon shifted toward the automation of the whole editing cycle. </p><p>At first, the designers of word processing systems combined existing technologies with emerging ones to develop stand-alone equipment, creating a new business distinct from the emerging world of the personal computer. The concept of word processing arose from the more general data processing, which since the 1950s had been the application of computers to business administration.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through history, there have been three types of word processors: mechanical, electronic and software. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanical_word_processing">Mechanical word processing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Word_processor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mechanical word processing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first word processing device (a "Machine for Transcribing Letters" that appears to have been similar to a typewriter) was patented in 1714 by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mill" title="Henry Mill">Henry Mill</a> for a machine that was capable of "writing so clearly and accurately you could not distinguish it from a printing press".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than a century later, another patent appeared in the name of <a href="/wiki/William_Austin_Burt" title="William Austin Burt">William Austin Burt</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Typographer_(typewriter)" title="Typographer (typewriter)">typographer</a>. In the late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Latham_Sholes" title="Christopher Latham Sholes">Christopher Latham Sholes</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> created the first recognizable typewriter, which was described as a "literary piano".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only "word processing" these mechanical systems could perform was to change where letters appeared on the page, to fill in spaces that were previously left on the page, or to skip over lines. It was not until decades later that the introduction of electricity and electronics into typewriters began to help the writer with the mechanical part. The term “word processing” (translated from the German word <i>Textverarbeitung</i>) itself was possibly created in the 1950s by <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Steinhilper" title="Ulrich Steinhilper">Ulrich Steinhilper</a>, a German IBM typewriter sales executive, or by an American electro-mechanical typewriter executive, George M. Ryan, who obtained a trademark registration in the <a href="/wiki/USPTO" class="mw-redirect" title="USPTO">USPTO</a> for the phrase.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it did not make its appearance in 1960s office management or computing literature (an example of <a href="/wiki/Grey_literature" title="Grey literature">grey literature</a>), though many of the ideas, products, and technologies to which it would later be applied were already well known. Nonetheless, by 1971, the term was recognized by the <i>New York Times</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a business "<a href="/wiki/Buzz_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Buzz word">buzz word</a>". Word processing paralleled the more general "data processing", or the application of computers to business administration. </p><p>Thus, by 1972, the discussion of word processing was common in publications devoted to business office management and technology; by the mid-1970s, the term would have been familiar to any office manager who consulted business periodicals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electromechanical_and_electronic_word_processing">Electromechanical and electronic word processing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Word_processor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Electromechanical and electronic word processing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the late 1960s, IBM had developed the <a href="/wiki/IBM_MT/ST" title="IBM MT/ST">IBM MT/ST</a> (Magnetic Tape/Selectric Typewriter). It was a model of the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Selectric_typewriter" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Selectric typewriter">IBM Selectric typewriter</a> from earlier in 1961, but it came built into its own desk, integrated with magnetic tape recording and playback facilities along with controls and a bank of electrical relays. The MT/ST automated word wrap, but it had no screen. This device allowed a user to rewrite text that had been written on another tape, and it also allowed limited collaboration in the sense that a user could send the tape to another person to let them edit the document or make a copy. It was a revolution for the word processing industry. In 1969, the tapes were replaced by magnetic cards. These memory cards were inserted into an extra device that accompanied the MT/ST, able to read and record users' work. </p><p>Throughout the 1960s and 70s, word processing began to slowly shift from glorified typewriters augmented with electronic features to become fully computer-based (although only with single-purpose hardware) with the development of several innovations. Just before the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> (PC), IBM developed the <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a>. In the 1970s, the first proper word-processing systems appeared, which allowed display and editing of documents on <a href="/wiki/CRT_screen" class="mw-redirect" title="CRT screen">CRT screens</a>. </p><p>During this era, these early stand-alone word processing systems were designed, built, and marketed by several pioneering companies. Linolex Systems was founded in 1970 by James Lincoln and Robert Oleksiak. Linolex based its technology on microprocessors, floppy drives and software. It was a computer-based system for application in the word processing businesses and it sold systems through its own sales force. With a base of installed systems in over 500 sites, Linolex Systems sold 3 million units in 1975 — a year before the <a href="/wiki/Apple_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple computer">Apple computer</a> was released.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At that time, the Lexitron Corporation also produced a series of dedicated word-processing microcomputers. Lexitron was the first to use a full-sized video display screen (CRT) in its models by 1978. Lexitron also used 5<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inch floppy diskettes, which became the standard in the personal computer field. The program disk was inserted in one drive, and the system <a href="/wiki/Booting" title="Booting">booted up</a>. The data diskette was then put in the second drive. The operating system and the word processing program were combined in one file.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another of the early word processing adopters was Vydec, which created in 1973<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first modern text processor, the "Vydec Word Processing System". It had built-in multiple functions like the ability to share content by diskette and print it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (November 2019)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Vydec Word Processing System sold for $12,000 at the time, (about $60,000 adjusted for inflation).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Redactron Corporation (organized by <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Berezin" title="Evelyn Berezin">Evelyn Berezin</a> in 1969) designed and manufactured editing systems, including correcting/editing typewriters, cassette and card units, and eventually a word processor called the Data Secretary. The Burroughs Corporation acquired Redactron in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A CRT-based system by <a href="/wiki/Wang_Laboratories" title="Wang Laboratories">Wang Laboratories</a> became one of the most popular systems of the 1970s and early 1980s. The Wang system displayed text on a CRT screen, and incorporated virtually every fundamental characteristic of word processors as they are known today. While early computerized word processor system were often expensive and hard to use (that is, like the computer mainframes of the 1960s), the Wang system was a true office machine, affordable to organizations such as medium-sized law firms, and easily mastered and operated by secretarial staff. </p><p>The phrase "word processor" rapidly came to refer to CRT-based machines similar to Wang's. Numerous machines of this kind emerged, typically marketed by traditional office-equipment companies such as IBM, Lanier (AES Data machines - re-badged), CPT, and NBI. All were specialized, dedicated, proprietary systems, with prices in the $10,000 range. Cheap general-purpose personal computers were still the domain of hobbyists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japanese_word_processor_devices">Japanese word processor devices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Word_processor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Japanese word processor devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Japan, even though typewriters with Japanese writing system had widely been used for businesses and governments, they were limited to specialists and required special skills due to the wide variety of letters, until computer-based devices came onto the market. In 1977, <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a> showcased a prototype of a computer-based word processing dedicated device with Japanese writing system in Business Show in Tokyo.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_JW-10.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/TOSHIBA_JW-10.JPG/220px-TOSHIBA_JW-10.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/TOSHIBA_JW-10.JPG/330px-TOSHIBA_JW-10.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/TOSHIBA_JW-10.JPG/440px-TOSHIBA_JW-10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>World-first Japanese word processor Toshiba JW-10 (launched in February 1979, <a href="/wiki/Toshiba_Science_Institute" title="Toshiba Science Institute">Toshiba Science Institute</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a> released the first Japanese word processor <a href="/w/index.php?title=JW-10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JW-10 (page does not exist)">JW-10</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JW-10" class="extiw" title="jp:JW-10">jp</a>]</span> in February 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-hara_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hara-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The price was 6,300,000 JPY, equivalent to US$45,000. This is selected as one of the <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_electrical_and_electronic_engineering" title="Timeline of electrical and electronic engineering">milestones</a> of <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_JW-P22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/TOSHIBA_JW-P22.jpg/220px-TOSHIBA_JW-P22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/TOSHIBA_JW-P22.jpg/330px-TOSHIBA_JW-P22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/TOSHIBA_JW-P22.jpg/440px-TOSHIBA_JW-P22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="1914" /></a><figcaption>Toshiba Rupo JW-P22(K) (March 1986) and an optional micro floppy disk drive unit JW-F201</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97_%E6%9B%B8%E9%99%A2_WD-J150.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97_%E6%9B%B8%E9%99%A2_WD-J150.jpg/220px-%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97_%E6%9B%B8%E9%99%A2_WD-J150.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97_%E6%9B%B8%E9%99%A2_WD-J150.jpg/330px-%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97_%E6%9B%B8%E9%99%A2_WD-J150.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97_%E6%9B%B8%E9%99%A2_WD-J150.jpg/440px-%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97_%E6%9B%B8%E9%99%A2_WD-J150.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>Sharp Shoin WD-J150</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Japanese writing system</a> uses a large number of <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> (logographic Chinese characters) which require 2 bytes to store, so having one key per each symbol is infeasible. Japanese word processing became possible with the development of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_input_method" title="Japanese input method">Japanese input method</a> (a sequence of keypresses, with visual feedback, which selects a character) -- now widely used in personal computers. <a href="/wiki/OKI_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="OKI (company)">Oki</a> launched OKI WORD EDITOR-200 in March 1979 with this kana-based keyboard input system. In 1980 several electronics and office equipment brands including entered this rapidly growing market with more compact and affordable devices. For instance, NEC introduced the <a href="/w/index.php?title=NWP-20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NWP-20 (page does not exist)">NWP-20</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/NWP-20" class="extiw" title="jp:NWP-20">jp</a>]</span>, and Fujitsu launched the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fujitsu_OASYS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fujitsu OASYS (page does not exist)">Fujitsu OASYS</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/OASYS" class="extiw" title="jp:OASYS">jp</a>]</span>. While the average unit price in 1980 was 2,000,000 JPY (US$14,300), it was dropped to 164,000 JPY (US$1,200) in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even after personal computers became widely available, Japanese word processors remained popular as they tended to be more portable (an "office computer" was initially too large to carry around), and become commonplace for business and academics, even for private individuals in the second half of the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The phrase "word processor" has been abbreviated as "Wa-pro" or "wapuro" in Japanese. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Word_processing_software">Word processing software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Word_processor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Word processing software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Word_processor_program" title="Word processor program">Word processor program</a></div> <p>The final step in word processing came with the advent of the personal computer in the late 1970s and 1980s and with the subsequent creation of word processing software. Word processing software that would create much more complex and capable output was developed and prices began to fall, making them more accessible to the public. By the late 1970s, computerized word processors were still primarily used by employees composing documents for large and midsized businesses (e.g., law firms and newspapers). Within a few years, the falling prices of PCs made word processing available for the first time to all writers in the convenience of their homes. </p><p>The first word processing program for personal computers (<a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputers</a>) was <a href="/wiki/Electric_Pencil" title="Electric Pencil">Electric Pencil</a>, from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Shrayer_Software&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Shrayer Software (page does not exist)">Michael Shrayer Software</a>, which went on sale in December 1976. In 1978, <a href="/wiki/WordStar" title="WordStar">WordStar</a> appeared and because of its many new features soon dominated the market. WordStar was written for the early <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> (Control Program–Micro) operating system, ported to <a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a>, then to <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>, and was the most popular word processing program until 1985 when <a href="/wiki/WordPerfect" title="WordPerfect">WordPerfect</a> sales first exceeded WordStar sales. </p><p>Early word processing software was not as intuitive as word processor devices. Most early word processing software required users to memorize semi-mnemonic key combinations rather than pressing keys such as "copy" or "bold". Moreover, CP/M lacked cursor keys; for example WordStar used the E-S-D-X-centered "diamond" for cursor navigation. A notable exception was the software Lexitype for MS-DOS that took inspiration from the Lexitron dedicated word processor's user interface and which mapped individual functions to particular keyboard <a href="/wiki/Function_key" title="Function key">function keys</a>, and a set of stick-on "keycaps" describing the function were provided with the software. Lexitype was popular with large organizations that had previously used the Lexitron.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, the price differences between dedicated word processors and general-purpose PCs, and the value added to the latter by software such as “<a href="/wiki/Killer_app" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer app">killer app</a>” spreadsheet applications, e.g. <a href="/wiki/VisiCalc" title="VisiCalc">VisiCalc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lotus_1-2-3" title="Lotus 1-2-3">Lotus 1-2-3</a>, were so compelling that personal computers and word processing software became serious competition for the dedicated machines and soon dominated the market. </p><p>In the late 1980s, innovations such as the advent of <a href="/wiki/Laser_printing" title="Laser printing">laser printers</a>, a "typographic" approach to word processing (<a href="/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> - What You See Is What You Get), using bitmap displays with multiple fonts (pioneered by the <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Alto" title="Xerox Alto">Xerox Alto</a> computer and <a href="/wiki/Bravo_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bravo (software)">Bravo</a> word processing program), and graphical user interfaces such as “copy and paste” (another <a href="/wiki/Xerox_PARC" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerox PARC">Xerox PARC</a> innovation, with the <a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(software)" title="Gypsy (software)">Gypsy</a> word processor). These were popularized by <a href="/wiki/MacWrite" title="MacWrite">MacWrite</a> on the Apple Macintosh in 1983, and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a> on the IBM PC in 1984. These were probably the first true WYSIWYG word processors to become known to many people. Of particular interest also is the standardization of <a href="/wiki/TrueType" title="TrueType">TrueType</a> fonts used in both Macintosh and Windows PCs. While the publishers of the operating systems provide TrueType typefaces, they are largely gathered from traditional typefaces converted by smaller font publishing houses to replicate standard fonts. Demand for new and interesting fonts, which can be found free of copyright restrictions, or commissioned from font designers, developed. </p><p>The growing popularity of the Windows operating system in the 1990s later took <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a> along with it. Originally called "Microsoft Multi-Tool Word", this program quickly became a synonym for “word processor”. </p><p>Early in the 21st century, <a href="/wiki/Google_Docs" title="Google Docs">Google Docs</a> popularized the transition to online or offline web browser based word processing. This was enabled by the widespread adoption of suitable internet connectivity in businesses and domestic households and later the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>. Google Docs enabled word processing from within any vendor's web browser, which could run on any vendor's operating system on any physical device type including tablets and smartphones, although offline editing is limited to a few <a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a> based web browsers. Google Docs also enabled the significant growth of use of information technology such as remote access to files and <a href="/wiki/Collaborative_real-time_editor" title="Collaborative real-time editor">collaborative real-time editing</a>, both becoming simple to do with little or no need for costly software and specialist IT support. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Word_processor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_word_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of word processors">Comparison of word processors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_word_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of word processors">List of word processors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formatted_text" title="Formatted text">Formatted text</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Word_processor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEnterprise1981" class="citation web cs1">Enterprise, I. D. G. (1 January 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J_iAWQ5n914C">"Computerworld"</a>. IDG Enterprise. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190102050530/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=J_iAWQ5n914C">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Computerworld&rft.pub=IDG+Enterprise&rft.date=1981-01-01&rft.aulast=Enterprise&rft.aufirst=I.+D.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ_iAWQ5n914C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterhouse1979" class="citation book cs1">Waterhouse, Shirley A. (1 January 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FAUMGHG-SkYC"><i>Word processing fundamentals</i></a>. Canfield Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780064537223" title="Special:BookSources/9780064537223"><bdi>9780064537223</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190102002232/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FAUMGHG-SkYC">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Word+processing+fundamentals&rft.pub=Canfield+Press&rft.date=1979-01-01&rft.isbn=9780064537223&rft.aulast=Waterhouse&rft.aufirst=Shirley+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFAUMGHG-SkYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmanda_Presley2010" class="citation web cs1">Amanda Presley (28 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brighthub.com/multimedia/publishing/articles/62697.aspx">"What Distinguishes Desktop Publishing From Word Processing?"</a>. <i>Brighthub.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401202701/https://www.brighthub.com/multimedia/publishing/articles/62697.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brighthub.com&rft.atitle=What+Distinguishes+Desktop+Publishing+From+Word+Processing%3F&rft.date=2010-01-28&rft.au=Amanda+Presley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brighthub.com%2Fmultimedia%2Fpublishing%2Farticles%2F62697.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcworld.com/article/256204/how_to_use_microsoft_word_as_a_desktop_publishing_tool.html">"How to Use Microsoft Word as a Desktop Publishing Tool"</a>. <i>PCWorld</i>. 28 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819055243/http://www.pcworld.com/article/256204/how_to_use_microsoft_word_as_a_desktop_publishing_tool.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PCWorld&rft.atitle=How+to+Use+Microsoft+Word+as+a+Desktop+Publishing+Tool&rft.date=2012-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F256204%2Fhow_to_use_microsoft_word_as_a_desktop_publishing_tool.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Price, Jonathan, and Urban, Linda Pin. The Definitive Word-Processing Book. New York: Viking Penguin Inc., 1984, page xxiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W.A. Kleinschrod, "The 'Gal Friday' is a Typing Specialist Now," <i>Administrative Management</i> vol. 32, no. 6, 1971, pp. 20-27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinojosa2016" class="citation web cs1">Hinojosa, Santiago (June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thetech.ninja/history-word-processors/">"The History of Word Processors"</a>. <i>The Tech Ninja's Dojo</i>. The Tech Ninja. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180506104253/http://thetech.ninja/history-word-processors/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tech+Ninja%27s+Dojo&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Word+Processors&rft.date=2016-06&rft.aulast=Hinojosa&rft.aufirst=Santiago&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthetech.ninja%2Fhistory-word-processors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also <a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._Soule" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel W. Soule">Samuel W. Soule</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Glidden" title="Carlos Glidden">Carlos Glidden</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Scientific American, The Type Writer, New York (August 10, 1872)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_M._Ryan1993" class="citation web cs1">George M. Ryan (June 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/107615">"Oral history interview with George M. Ryan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Babbage Institute">Charles Babbage Institute</a>, University of Minnesota. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11299%2F107615">11299/107615</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oral+history+interview+with+George+M.+Ryan&rft.pub=Charles+Babbage+Institute%2C+University+of+Minnesota&rft.date=1993-06&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11299%2F107615&rft.au=George+M.+Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconservancy.umn.edu%2Fhandle%2F11299%2F107615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W.D. Smith, “Lag Persists for Business Equipment,” New York Times, 26 Oct. 1971, pp. 59-60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Linolex Systems, Internal Communications & Disclosure in 3M acquisition, The Petritz Collection, 1975.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ricomputermuseum.org/Home/equipment/lexitron-vt1200">"Lexitron VT1200 - RICM"</a>. <i>Ricomputermuseum.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190103030112/http://www.ricomputermuseum.org/Home/equipment/lexitron-vt1200">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ricomputermuseum.org&rft.atitle=Lexitron+VT1200+-+RICM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ricomputermuseum.org%2FHome%2Fequipment%2Flexitron-vt1200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kDJVAAAAMAAJ&q=vydec%20">"(snippet)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PC_World" title="PC World">PC World</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/IDG" class="mw-redirect" title="IDG">IDG</a>. 1985<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-08</span></span>. <q>In 1973 Vydec introduced a word processor with the floppy disk</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+World&rft.atitle=%28snippet%29&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkDJVAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dvydec%2520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinojosa2016" class="citation web cs1">Hinojosa, Santiago (1 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thetech.ninja/history-word-processors/">"The History of Word Processors"</a>. <i>The Tech Ninja's Dojo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224191830/http://thetech.ninja/history-word-processors/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tech+Ninja%27s+Dojo&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Word+Processors&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.aulast=Hinojosa&rft.aufirst=Santiago&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthetech.ninja%2Fhistory-word-processors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6h78mw1">"Redactron Corporation. @ SNAC"</a>. <i>Snaccooperative.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215223851/http://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6h78mw1">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Snaccooperative.org&rft.atitle=Redactron+Corporation.+%40+SNAC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnaccooperative.org%2Fark%3A%2F99166%2Fw6h78mw1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/computer/word/">"日本語ワードプロセッサ"</a>. IPSJコンピュータ博物館<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5&rft.pub=IPSJ%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.ipsj.or.jp%2Fcomputer%2Fword%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/computer/word/0036.html">"【シャープ】日本語ワープロの試作機"</a>. IPSJコンピュータ博物館<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%90%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%80%91+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%81%AE%E8%A9%A6%E4%BD%9C%E6%A9%9F&rft.pub=IPSJ%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.ipsj.or.jp%2Fcomputer%2Fword%2F0036.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hara-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hara_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF原忠正1997" class="citation journal cs1">原忠正 (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1541%2Fieejjournal.117.175">"日本人による日本人のためのワープロ"</a>. <i>The Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan</i>. <b>117</b> (3): 175–178. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JIEEJ.117..175.">1997JIEEJ.117..175.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1541%2Fieejjournal.117.175">10.1541/ieejjournal.117.175</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Institute+of+Electrical+Engineers+of+Japan&rft.atitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E3%81%AE%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=175-178&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1541%2Fieejjournal.117.175&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997JIEEJ.117..175.&rft.au=%E5%8E%9F%E5%BF%A0%E6%AD%A3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1541%252Fieejjournal.117.175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/2008_11/pr_j0401.htm">"プレスリリース；当社の日本語ワードプロセッサが「IEEEマイルストーン」に認定"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%8A%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="東芝">東芝</a>. 2008-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%EF%BC%9B%E5%BD%93%E7%A4%BE%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%81%8C%E3%80%8CIEEE%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AB%E8%AA%8D%E5%AE%9A&rft.pub=%E6%9D%B1%E8%8A%9D&rft.date=2008-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toshiba.co.jp%2Fabout%2Fpress%2F2008_11%2Fpr_j0401.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/computer/word/0005.html">"【富士通】 OASYS 100G"</a>. IPSJコンピュータ博物館<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%90%E5%AF%8C%E5%A3%AB%E9%80%9A%E3%80%91+OASYS+100G&rft.pub=IPSJ%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.ipsj.or.jp%2Fcomputer%2Fword%2F0005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWord+processor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">情報処理学会歴史特別委員会『日本のコンピュータ史』<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4274209334" title="Special:BookSources/4274209334">4274209334</a> p135-136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStemp1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Stemp, Morris (1988-02-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CmNNyCje8oAC&pg=PA208">"Lexitype Plus II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Word_processors" title="Template:Word processors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Word_processors" title="Template talk:Word processors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Word_processors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Word processors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Word_processor_programs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Word_processor_program" title="Word processor program">Word processor programs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_word_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of word processors">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_word_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of word processors">Comparison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_early_word_processors" title="Comparison of early word processors">of early word processor programs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open-source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AbiWord" title="AbiWord">AbiWord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_OpenOffice" title="Apache OpenOffice"> Apache OpenOffice Writer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_(software)" title="Bean (software)">Bean</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(up to v. 2.x)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligra_Words" title="Calligra Words">Calligra Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collabora_Online" title="Collabora Online"> Collabora Online Writer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_TeXmacs" title="GNU TeXmacs">GNU TeXmacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibreOffice_Writer" title="LibreOffice Writer">LibreOffice Writer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LyX" title="LyX">LyX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_(word_processor)" title="Ted (word processor)">Ted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TextEdit" title="TextEdit">TextEdit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freeware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Document_Cloud#Buzzword" title="Adobe Document Cloud">Adobe Buzzword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantis_Word_Processor" title="Atlantis Word Processor">Atlantis Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_(software)" title="Bean (software)">Bean</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since v. 3.x)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarte" title="Jarte">Jarte</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(standard)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TextMaker" title="TextMaker">TextMaker</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Cross-platform</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_InCopy" title="Adobe InCopy">Adobe InCopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WordPerfect" title="WordPerfect">Corel WordPerfect</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(up to v. 9.0)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Docs" title="Google Docs">Google Docs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul_(word_processor)" title="Hangul (word processor)">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichitaro_(word_processor)" title="Ichitaro (word processor)">Ichitaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsoft_Writer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingsoft Writer">Kingsoft Writer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrivener_(software)" title="Scrivener (software)">Scrivener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TextMaker" title="TextMaker">TextMaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Classic MacOS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nisus_Writer" title="Nisus Writer">Nisus Writer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">macOS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pages_(word_processor)" title="Pages (word processor)">Apple Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellel" title="Mellel">Mellel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisus_Writer" title="Nisus Writer">Nisus Writer Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisus_Writer" title="Nisus Writer">Nisus Writer Pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Windows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantis_Word_Processor" title="Atlantis Word Processor">Atlantis Word Processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WordPerfect" title="WordPerfect">Corel WordPerfect</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since v. 10.0)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Lotus_Word_Pro" title="IBM Lotus Word Pro">IBM Lotus Word Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarte" title="Jarte">Jarte</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(enhanced)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Works" title="Microsoft Works">Microsoft Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nota_Bene_(word_processor)" title="Nota Bene (word processor)">Nota Bene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OfficeSuite" class="mw-redirect" title="OfficeSuite">MobiSystems OfficeSuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PolyEdit" title="PolyEdit">PolyEdit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_WorkPlace" title="Scientific WorkPlace">Scientific WorkPlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XyWrite" title="XyWrite">XyWrite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Word" title="1st Word">1st Word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Writer" title="Apple Writer">Apple Writer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppleWorks" title="AppleWorks">AppleWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Word_Processor" title="Atari Word Processor">Atari Word Processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AtariWriter" title="AtariWriter">AtariWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Street_Writer" title="Bank Street Writer">Bank Street Writer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_%26_Paste" title="Cut & Paste">Cut & Paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davka#davkawriter" title="Davka">davka writer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Pencil" title="Electric Pencil">Electric Pencil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_XLEnt_Word_Processor" title="The First XLEnt Word Processor">The First XLEnt Word Processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Lotus_Symphony" title="IBM Lotus Symphony">IBM Lotus Symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWord" title="KWord">KWord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacWrite" title="MacWrite">MacWrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Desk" title="Magic Desk">Magic Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaperClip" title="PaperClip">PaperClip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_Writer" title="Perfect Writer">Perfect Writer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpeedScript" title="SpeedScript">SpeedScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_(word_processor)" title="Sprint (word processor)">Sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WordPad" title="WordPad">WordPad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WordStar" title="WordStar">WordStar</a></li> <li>Writer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/StarOffice" title="StarOffice">StarOffice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-oo" title="Go-oo">Go-oo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeoOffice" title="NeoOffice">NeoOffice</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaSmart" title="AlphaSmart">AlphaSmart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPT_Corporation" title="CPT Corporation">CPT Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friden_Flexowriter" title="Friden Flexowriter">Friden Flexowriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Displaywriter_System" title="IBM Displaywriter System">IBM Displaywriter System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_MT/ST" title="IBM MT/ST">IBM MT/ST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Laboratories#The_Wang_1200" title="Wang Laboratories">Wang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Word_processors" title="Category:Word processors">Category:Word processors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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