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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Naval organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Naval_organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Naval organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Naval_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Boats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Personnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Ranks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_infantry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_infantry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Naval infantry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_infantry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Naval aviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Navy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 94 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flothere" title="Flothere – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Flothere" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قوات بحرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قوات بحرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada" title="Armada – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Armada" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada" title="Armada – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Armada" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99rbi_d%C9%99niz_q%C3%BCvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri" title="Hərbi dəniz qüvvələri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hərbi dəniz qüvvələri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="নৌবাহিনী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নৌবাহিনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1i-kun" title="Hái-kun – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hái-kun" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Ваенна-марскія сілы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ваенна-марскія сілы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Вайскова-марскія сілы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вайскова-марскія сілы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Военноморски сили – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Военноморски сили" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratna_mornarica" title="Ratna mornarica – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ratna mornarica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morlu" title="Morlu – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Morlu" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Уһан далайн сэрэгэй флот – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уһан далайн сэрэгэй флот" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada" title="Armada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Armada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1le%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_lo%C4%8Fstvo" title="Válečné loďstvo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Válečné loďstvo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llynges" title="Llynges – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llynges" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine" title="Marine – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Marine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine" title="Marine – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merev%C3%A4gi" title="Merevägi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Merevägi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Πολεμικό ναυτικό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολεμικό ναυτικό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada" title="Armada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Armada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mararmeo" title="Mararmeo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mararmeo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsas_armada" title="Itsas armada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itsas armada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="نیروی دریایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروی دریایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_de_guerre" title="Marine de guerre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marine de guerre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine" title="Marine – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Marine" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabhlach_cogaidh" title="Cabhlach cogaidh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cabhlach cogaidh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabhlach" title="Cabhlach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cabhlach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada_(mari%C3%B1a)" title="Armada (mariña) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Armada (mariña)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A2%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%8B:Navy" title="ઢાંચો:Navy – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઢાંચો:Navy" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2)" title="नौसेना (नौदल) – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="नौसेना (नौदल)" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="해군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="해군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B4" title="Ռազմածովային նավատորմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռազմածովային նավատորմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="नौसेना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नौसेना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratna_mornarica" title="Ratna mornarica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ratna mornarica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_laut" title="Angkatan laut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angkatan laut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B3her" title="Sjóher – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sjóher" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_militare" title="Marina militare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marina militare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%9D" title="חיל ים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיל ים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="სამხედრო-საზღვაო ძალები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამხედრო-საზღვაო ძალები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8-%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Әскери-теңіз флоты – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әскери-теңіз флоты" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeshi_la_majini" title="Jeshi la majini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jeshi la majini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classis_(nautica)" title="Classis (nautica) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Classis (nautica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara_flote" title="Kara flote – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kara flote" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krichsmarinn" title="Krichsmarinn – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Krichsmarinn" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karo_laivynas" title="Karo laivynas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karo laivynas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_militara" title="Marina militara – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Marina militara" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haditenger%C3%A9szet" title="Haditengerészet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Haditengerészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Воена морнарица – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Воена морнарица" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8" title="നാവികസേന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാവികസേന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94-%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A6%E1%83%94_%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ოურდუმე-ოზუღე ძალეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოურდუმე-ოზუღე ძალეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentera_laut" title="Tentera laut – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tentera laut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_lauik" title="Angkatan lauik – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Angkatan lauik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="ရေတပ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေတပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_(strijdmacht)" title="Marine (strijdmacht) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marine (strijdmacht)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="जलसेना – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जलसेना" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="海軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="海軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine" title="Marine – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marine" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine" title="Marine – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Marine" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_militara" title="Marina militara – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Marina militara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbiy-dengiz_floti" title="Harbiy-dengiz floti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Harbiy-dengiz floti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਜਲ ਸੈਨਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਲ ਸੈਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC" title="سمندری فوج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سمندری فوج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine" title="Marine – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Marine" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marynarka_wojenna" title="Marynarka wojenna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marynarka wojenna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Военно-морской флот – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Военно-морской флот" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navy" title="Navy – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Navy" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forca_detare" title="Forca detare – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Forca detare" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navy" title="Navy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Navy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojna_mornarica" title="Vojna mornarica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vojna mornarica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciidanka_Badda" title="Ciidanka Badda – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ciidanka Badda" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ھێزی دەریایی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێزی دەریایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Ратна морнарица – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ратна морнарица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratna_mornarica" title="Ratna mornarica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ratna mornarica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Laut" title="Angkatan Laut – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Angkatan Laut" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merivoimat" title="Merivoimat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Merivoimat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96rlogsflotta" title="Örlogsflotta – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Örlogsflotta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukbong_dagat" title="Hukbong dagat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hukbong dagat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88" title="கடற்படை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கடற்படை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%82" title="నౌకాదళం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నౌకాదళం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="กองทัพเรือ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กองทัพเรือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%AF%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%91%D3%A3" title="Нерӯи дарёӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military branch involved in naval warfare</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Naval" and "Naval Force" redirect here. For other uses of "Naval", see <a href="/wiki/Naval_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Naval (disambiguation)">Naval (disambiguation)</a>. For other uses of "Navy", see <a href="/wiki/Navy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Navy (disambiguation)">Navy (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Naval power" redirects here. For a country with a strong navy, see <a href="/wiki/Maritime_power" title="Maritime power">Maritime power</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hermione_being_escorted_by_the_USS_Mitscher_(DDG-57)_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/The_Hermione_being_escorted_by_the_USS_Mitscher_%28DDG-57%29_%281%29.jpg/330px-The_Hermione_being_escorted_by_the_USS_Mitscher_%28DDG-57%29_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/The_Hermione_being_escorted_by_the_USS_Mitscher_%28DDG-57%29_%281%29.jpg/495px-The_Hermione_being_escorted_by_the_USS_Mitscher_%28DDG-57%29_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/The_Hermione_being_escorted_by_the_USS_Mitscher_%28DDG-57%29_%281%29.jpg/660px-The_Hermione_being_escorted_by_the_USS_Mitscher_%28DDG-57%29_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3308" data-file-height="2202" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/USS_Mitscher_(DDG-57)" title="USS Mitscher (DDG-57)">USS <i>Mitscher</i></a>, a modern guided-missile destroyer, escorting a reproduction of the 18th-century <a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Hermione_(2014)" title="French frigate Hermione (2014)">French frigate <i>Hermione</i></a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>navy</b>, <b>naval force</b>, <b>military maritime fleet</b>, <b>war navy</b>, or <b>maritime force</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">branch</a> of a nation's <a href="/wiki/Armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces">armed forces</a> principally designated for <a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">naval</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">amphibious warfare</a>; namely, <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lake</a>-borne, <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">riverine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">littoral</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a>-borne <a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">combat</a> operations and related functions. It includes anything conducted by surface <a href="/wiki/Naval_ship" title="Naval ship">ships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">amphibious</a> ships, <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a>, and seaborne <a href="/wiki/Naval_aviation" title="Naval aviation">aviation</a>, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields. </p><p>The strategic offensive role of a navy is <a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">projection of force</a> into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect <a href="/wiki/Sea_lane" title="Sea lane">sea-lanes</a>, deter or confront <a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">piracy</a>, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations). The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies. The strategic task of a navy also may incorporate <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_deterrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear deterrence">nuclear deterrence</a> by use of <a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">submarine-launched ballistic missiles</a>. Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (<a href="/wiki/Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">brown-water navy</a>), open-ocean applications (<a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">blue-water navy</a>), and something in between (<a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">green-water navy</a>), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_meanings">Etymology and meanings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and meanings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This section contains <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">special characters</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> <p>First attested in English in the early 14th century,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the word "navy" came via <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <i>navie</i>, "fleet of ships", from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>navigium</i>, "a vessel, a ship, bark, boat",<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <i>navis</i>, "ship".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word "naval" came from Latin <i>navalis</i>, "pertaining to ship";<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cf." title="Cf.">cf.</a> <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ναῦς</span></span> (<i>naus</i>), "ship",<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ναύτης</span></span> (<i>nautes</i>), "seaman, sailor".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest attested form of the word is in the <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean Greek</a> compound word <span title="Mycenaean Greek-language text"><span lang="gmy">𐀙𐀄𐀈𐀗</span></span>, <i><b>na-u</b>-do-mo</i> (*<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">naudomoi</i></span>), "shipbuilders", written in <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a> syllabic script.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word formerly denoted fleets of both commercial and military nature. In modern usage "navy" used alone always denotes a military fleet, although the term "<a href="/wiki/Merchant_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant Navy">merchant navy</a>" for a commercial fleet <a href="/wiki/Fossil_word" title="Fossil word">still incorporates</a> the non-military <a href="/wiki/Word_sense" title="Word sense">word sense</a>. This overlap in word senses between commercial and military fleets grew out of the inherently <a href="/wiki/Dual-use_technology" title="Dual-use technology">dual-use</a> nature of fleets; centuries ago, nationality was a trait that unified a fleet across both civilian and military uses. Although nationality of commercial vessels has little importance in peacetime trade other than for <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_convenience" title="Flag of convenience">tax avoidance</a>, it can have greater meaning during wartime, when <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chains</a> become matters of patriotic attack and defense, and when in some cases private vessels are even temporarily converted to military vessels. The latter was especially important, and common, before 20th-century military technology existed, when merely adding <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naval_infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval infantry">naval infantry</a> to any sailing vessel could render it fully as martial as any military-owned vessel. Such <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateering</a> has been rendered obsolete in blue-water strategy since modern missile and aircraft systems grew to leapfrog over artillery and infantry in many respects; but privateering nevertheless remains potentially relevant in <a href="/wiki/Littoral_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Littoral (military)">littoral warfare</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Limited_war" title="Limited war">limited</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric</a> nature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Naval warfare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naval_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval history">Naval history</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Navy" title="Special:EditPage/Navy">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Navy%22">"Navy"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Navy%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Navy%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Navy%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Navy%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Navy%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Naval warfare developed when humans first fought from water-borne vessels. Before the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannon</a> and ships with enough capacity to carry them, navy warfare primarily involved ramming and boarding actions. In the time of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, naval warfare centered on long, narrow vessels powered by banks of <a href="/wiki/Watercraft_rowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Watercraft rowing">oarsmen</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Trireme" title="Trireme">triremes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quinquereme" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinquereme">quinqueremes</a>) designed to ram and sink enemy vessels or come alongside the enemy vessel so its occupants could be attacked hand-to-hand. Naval warfare continued in this vein through the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> until the cannon became commonplace and capable of being reloaded quickly enough to be reused in the same battle. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Ancient_China" title="History of China">ancient China</a>, large naval battles were known since the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a> (<i>also see</i> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Red_Cliffs" title="Battle of Red Cliffs">Battle of Red Cliffs</a>, 208), employing the war <a href="/wiki/Junk_(ship)" title="Junk (ship)">junk</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>. However, China's first official standing navy was not established until the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Southern Song dynasty</a> in the 12th century, a time when <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> was a revolutionary new application to warfare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny1990264"The_engagement_at_the_Red_Cliffs_took_place_in_the_winter_of_the_13th_year_of_[[Jian'an_(Eastern_Han)|Jian'an]],_probably_about_the_end_of_208."_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny1990264"The_engagement_at_the_Red_Cliffs_took_place_in_the_winter_of_the_13th_year_of_[[Jian'an_(Eastern_Han)|Jian'an]],_probably_about_the_end_of_208."-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Chola_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Chola Dynasty">Chola Dynasty</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">Southern India</a> had a navy composed of trade ships transporting armies overseas.<sup id="cite_ref-MajumdarHistCult3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MajumdarHistCult3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Chola_Navy" title="Chola Navy">Chola Navy</a> reached its peak under <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_I" title="Rajendra I">Rajendra I</a>, and was most notably used in invasions of <a href="/wiki/Chola_conquest_of_Anuradhapura" title="Chola conquest of Anuradhapura">Sri Lanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/South-East_Asia_campaign_of_Rajendra_I" title="South-East Asia campaign of Rajendra I">Southeast Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kulkep212_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kulkep212-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpencer1976409_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpencer1976409-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(archipelago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusantara (archipelago)">Nusantaran</a> <a href="/wiki/Thalassocracy" title="Thalassocracy">thalassocracies</a> made extensive use of naval power and technologies. This enabled the seafaring local people (either Malays of <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a> or Javanese of <a href="/wiki/Mataram_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Mataram Kingdom">Mataram</a>) to attack as far as the coast of <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> with 1000 boats and attempted to take the citadel of Qanbaloh, about 7,000 km to their West, in 945–946 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-:122_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:122-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 110">: 110 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 39">: 39 </span></sup> In 1350 AD <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> launched its largest military expedition, the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Samudera_Pasai_Sultanate" title="Samudera Pasai Sultanate">Pasai</a>, with 400 large <a href="/wiki/Djong_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Djong (ship)">jong</a> and innumerable smaller vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second largest military expedition, invasion of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Singapura" title="Kingdom of Singapura">Singapura</a> in 1398, Majapahit deployed 300 jong with no less than 200,000 men.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average jong used by Majapahit would be about 76.18–79.81 m <a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">LOA</a>, carrying 600–700 men, with 1200–1400 tons <a href="/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage" title="Deadweight tonnage">deadweight</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 60–62">: 60–62 </span></sup> </p><p>The mass and <a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">deck</a> space required to carry a large number of cannon made oar-based propulsion impossible, and ships came to rely primarily on <a href="/wiki/Sail" title="Sail">sails</a>. Warships were designed to carry increasing numbers of cannon and <a href="/wiki/Naval_tactics_in_the_Age_of_Sail" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval tactics in the Age of Sail">naval tactics</a> evolved to bring a ship's firepower to bear in a <a href="/wiki/Broadside_(naval)" title="Broadside (naval)">broadside</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Ship_of_the_line" title="Ship of the line">ships-of-the-line</a> arranged in a <a href="/wiki/Line_of_battle" title="Line of battle">line of battle</a>. </p><p>The development of large capacity, sail-powered ships carrying cannon led to a rapid expansion of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> navies, especially the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> navies that dominated in the 16th and early 17th centuries, and helped propel the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a>. The repulsion of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a> (1588) by the English fleet revolutionized naval warfare by the success of a guns-only strategy and caused a major overhaul of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish Navy</a>, partly along <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> lines, which resulted in even greater dominance by the Spanish. From the beginning of the 17th century the Dutch cannibalized the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern hemisphere">East</a> and, with the immense wealth gained, challenged Spanish <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemony</a> at sea. From the 1620s, Dutch raiders seriously troubled Spanish shipping and, after a number of battles that went both ways, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Navy">Dutch Navy</a> finally broke the long dominance of the Spanish Navy in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Downs" title="Battle of the Downs">Battle of the Downs</a> (1639). </p><p><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> emerged as a major naval power in the mid-17th century in the first <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Dutch Wars">Anglo-Dutch war</a> with a technical victory. Successive decisive Dutch victories in the second and third Anglo-Dutch Wars confirmed the Dutch mastery of the seas during the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age" title="Dutch Golden Age">Dutch Golden Age</a>, financed by the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch Empire</a>. The <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> won some important victories near the end of the 17th century but a focus upon land forces led to the French Navy's relative neglect, which allowed the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> to emerge with an ever-growing advantage in size and quality, especially in tactics and experience, from 1695. As a response to growing naval influence of the navies of Portuguese, the warrior king of the Marathas, <a href="/wiki/Shivaji" title="Shivaji">Shivaji</a> laid the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Navy" title="Maratha Navy">Maratha navy</a> in 1654. </p><p>Throughout the 18th century the Royal Navy gradually gained ascendancy over the French Navy, with victories in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Spanish_Succession" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Spanish Succession">War of Spanish Succession</a> (1701–1714), inconclusive battles in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Austrian_Succession" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Austrian Succession">War of Austrian Succession</a> (1740–1748), victories in the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> (1754–1763), a partial reversal during the <a href="/wiki/American_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="American War of Independence">American War of Independence</a> (1775–1783), and consolidation into uncontested supremacy during the 19th century from the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Battle of Trafalgar</a> in 1805. These conflicts saw the development and refinement of <a href="/wiki/Naval_tactics_in_the_Age_of_Sail" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval tactics in the Age of Sail">tactics</a> that came to be called the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_battle" title="Line of battle">line of battle</a>. </p><p>The next stage in the evolution of naval warfare was the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Armour" title="Armour">metal plating</a> along the hull sides. The increased mass required steam-powered engines, resulting in an arms race between armor and weapon thickness and firepower. The first armored vessels, the French <a href="/wiki/French_ironclad_Gloire" title="French ironclad Gloire"><i>Gloire</i></a> and British <a href="/wiki/HMS_Warrior_(1860)" title="HMS Warrior (1860)">HMS <i>Warrior</i></a>, made wooden vessels obsolete. Another significant improvement came with the invention of the rotating turrets, which allowed the guns to be aimed independently of ship movement. The battle between <a href="/wiki/CSS_Virginia" title="CSS Virginia">CSS <i>Virginia</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Monitor" title="USS Monitor">USS <i>Monitor</i></a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (1861–1865) is often cited as the beginning of this age of maritime conflict. The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a> was considered the third strongest in the world on the eve of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a>, which turned to be a catastrophe for the Russian military in general and the Russian Navy in particular. Although neither party lacked courage, the Russians were defeated by the Japanese in the Battle of Port Arthur, which was the first time in warfare that mines were used for offensive purposes. The warships of the Baltic Fleet sent to the Far East were lost in the Battle of Tsushima. A further step change in naval firepower occurred when the United Kingdom launched <a href="/wiki/HMS_Dreadnought_(1906)" title="HMS Dreadnought (1906)">HMS <i>Dreadnought</i></a> in 1906, but <a href="/wiki/Naval_tactics_in_the_Age_of_Steam" title="Naval tactics in the Age of Steam">naval tactics</a> still emphasized the line of battle. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U_995_Laboe.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/U_995_Laboe.JPG/250px-U_995_Laboe.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/U_995_Laboe.JPG/330px-U_995_Laboe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/U_995_Laboe.JPG/500px-U_995_Laboe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3962" data-file-height="2641" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-995" title="German submarine U-995">German submarine <i>U-995</i></a>, in service during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first practical military <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a> were developed in the late 19th century and by the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> had proven to be a powerful arm of naval warfare. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s submarine fleet of <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a> almost starved the United Kingdom into submission and inflicted <a href="/wiki/Second_happy_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Second happy time">tremendous losses on U.S. coastal shipping</a>. The <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Tirpitz" title="German battleship Tirpitz">German battleship <i>Tirpitz</i></a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sister_ship" title="Sister ship">sister ship</a> of <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Bismarck" title="German battleship Bismarck"><i>Bismarck</i></a>, was almost put out of action by miniature submarines known as <a href="/wiki/X-class_submarine" title="X-class submarine">X-Craft</a>. The X-Craft severely damaged her and kept her in port for some months. </p><p>A major paradigm shift in naval warfare occurred with the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a>. First at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taranto" title="Battle of Taranto">Taranto</a> in 1940 and then at <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a> in 1941, the carrier demonstrated its ability to strike decisively at enemy ships out of sight and range of surface vessels. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Battle of Leyte Gulf</a> (1944) was arguably the <a href="/wiki/Largest_naval_battle_in_history" title="Largest naval battle in history">largest naval battle in history</a>; it was also the last battle in which battleships played a significant role. By the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the carrier had become the dominant force of naval warfare. </p><p>World War II also saw the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> become by far the largest naval power in the world. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> possessed over 70% of the world's total numbers and total tonnage of naval vessels of 1,000 tons or greater.<sup id="cite_ref-Defense_Analysis;_Dec2001,_Vol._17_Issue_3,_p259-265_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Defense_Analysis;_Dec2001,_Vol._17_Issue_3,_p259-265-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the rest of the 20th century, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> would maintain a tonnage greater than that of the next 17 largest navies combined. During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a> became a significant armed force, with large numbers of large, heavily armed <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">ballistic missile submarines</a> and extensive use of heavy, long-ranged antisurface missiles to counter the numerous United States <a href="/wiki/Carrier_battle_group" title="Carrier battle group">carrier battle groups</a>. Only two nations, the United States and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, presently operate <a href="/wiki/CATOBAR" title="CATOBAR">CATOBAR</a> carriers of any size, while <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> operate sizeable <a href="/wiki/STOBAR" title="STOBAR">STOBAR</a> carriers (although all three are originally of Russian design). The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> is also operating two <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier"><i>Queen Elizabeth</i>-class</a> carriers, which are the largest <a href="/wiki/STOVL" title="STOVL">STOVL</a> vessels in service, and India is currently building one aircraft carrier, <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(2013)" title="INS Vikrant (2013)">INS <i>Vikrant</i></a>, and considering another. France is also looking at a <a href="/wiki/French_aircraft_carrier_PA2" title="French aircraft carrier PA2">new carrier</a>, probably using a CATOBAR system and possibly based on the British <i>Queen Elizabeth</i> design. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A navy typically operates from one or more <a href="/wiki/Naval_base" title="Naval base">naval bases</a>. The base is a <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port</a> that is specialized in naval operations, and often includes housing, a <a href="/wiki/Arsenal" title="Arsenal">munitions depot</a>, docks for the vessels, and various repair facilities. During times of war temporary bases may be constructed in closer proximity to strategic locations, as it is advantageous in terms of patrols and station-keeping. Nations with historically strong naval forces have found it advantageous to obtain basing rights in other countries in areas of strategic interest. </p><p>Navy ships can operate independently or with a group, which may be a small <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(naval)" title="Squadron (naval)">squadron</a> of comparable ships, or a larger <a href="/wiki/Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">naval fleet</a> of various specialized ships. The commander of a fleet travels in the <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a>, which is usually the most powerful vessel in the group. Before radio was invented, commands from the flagship were communicated by means of flags. At night signal lamps could be used for a similar purpose. Later these were replaced by the radio transmitter, or the flashing light when radio silence was needed. </p><p>A "<a href="/wiki/Blue_water_navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue water navy">blue water navy</a>" is designed to operate far from the coastal waters of its home nation. These are ships capable of maintaining station for long periods of time in deep ocean, and will have a long <a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">logistical</a> tail for their support. Many are also nuclear powered to save having to refuel. By contrast a "<a href="/wiki/Brown_water_navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown water navy">brown water navy</a>" operates in the coastal periphery and along inland waterways, where larger ocean-going naval vessels can not readily enter. Regional powers may maintain a "<a href="/wiki/Green_water_navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Green water navy">green water navy</a>" as a means of localized force projection. Blue water fleets may require specialized vessels, such as <a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">minesweepers</a>, when operating in the <a href="/wiki/Littoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Littoral">littoral</a> regions along the coast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditions">Traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naval_tradition" title="Naval tradition">Naval tradition</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Navy" title="Special:EditPage/Navy">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A basic tradition is that all ships commissioned in a navy are referred to as ships rather than vessels, with the exception of destroyers and submarines, which are known as boats. The prefix on a ship's name indicates that it is a commissioned ship. </p><p>An important tradition on board naval vessels of some nations has been the <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_bells" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship's bells">ship's bell</a>. This was historically used to mark the passage of time, as warning devices in heavy fog, and for alarms and ceremonies. </p><p>The ship's captain, and more senior officers are "piped" aboard the ship using a <a href="/wiki/Boatswain%27s_call" title="Boatswain's call">Boatswain's call</a>. </p><p>In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/First_Navy_Jack" title="First Navy Jack">First Navy Jack</a> is a flag that has the words, "Don't Tread on Me" on the flag. </p><p>By English tradition, ships have been referred to as a "she". However, it was long considered bad luck to permit women to sail on board naval vessels. To do so would invite a terrible storm that would wreck the ship. The only women that were welcomed on board were <a href="/wiki/Figurehead_(object)" title="Figurehead (object)">figureheads</a> mounted on the prow of the ship. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gun_salute#Naval_cannon_fire" title="Gun salute">Firing a cannon salute</a> partially disarms the ship, so firing a cannon for no combat reason showed respect and trust. As the tradition evolved, the number of cannons fired became an indication of the rank of the official being saluted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naval_organization">Naval organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Naval organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Navy" title="Special:EditPage/Navy">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ships">Ships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naval_ship" title="Naval ship">Naval ship</a></div> <p>Historically, navy ships were primarily intended for warfare. They were designed to withstand damage and to inflict the same, but only carried munitions and supplies for the voyage (rather than merchant cargo). Often, other ships that were not built specifically for warfare, such as the <a href="/wiki/Galleon" title="Galleon">galleon</a> or the armed merchant ships in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, did carry armaments. In more recent times, navy ships have become more specialized and have included supply ships, troop transports, repair ships, oil tankers and other logistics support ships as well as combat ships. </p><p>Modern navy combat ships are generally divided into seven main categories: <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruisers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">corvettes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_assault_ship" title="Amphibious assault ship">amphibious assault ships</a>. There are also support and auxiliary ships, including the <a href="/wiki/Replenishment_oiler" title="Replenishment oiler">oiler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">minesweeper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">patrol boat</a>, hydrographic and oceanographic <a href="/wiki/Research_vessel" title="Research vessel">survey ship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_tender" title="Ship's tender">tender</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_sail" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of sail">age of sail</a>, the ship categories were divided into the <a href="/wiki/Ship_of_the_line" title="Ship of the line">ship of the line</a>, frigate, and <a href="/wiki/Sloop-of-war" title="Sloop-of-war">sloop-of-war</a>. </p><p>Naval ship names are typically prefixed by an abbreviation indicating the national navy in which they serve. For a list of the prefixes used with ship names (<a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Ship">HMS</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy#Ships" title="United States Navy">USS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_%C3%89ireannach" title="Long Éireannach">LÉ</a>, etc.) see <a href="/wiki/Ship_prefix" title="Ship prefix">ship prefix</a>. </p><p>Today's warships are significantly faster than in years past, thanks to much improved propulsion systems. Also, the efficiency of the engines has improved, in terms of fuel, and of how many sailors it takes to operate them. In World War II, ships needed to refuel very often. However, today ships can go on very long journeys without refueling. Also, in World War II, the engine room needed about a dozen sailors to work the many engines, however, today, only about four or five are needed (depending on the class of the ship). Today, naval strike groups on longer missions are always followed by a range of support and replenishment ships supplying them with anything from fuel and munitions, to medical treatment and postal services. This allows strike groups and combat ships to remain at sea for several months at a time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boats">Boats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Boats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "boat" refers to small craft limited in their use by size and usually not capable of making lengthy independent voyages at sea. The old navy adage to differentiate between ships and boats is that boats are capable of being carried by ships. (Submarines by this rule are ships rather than boats, but are customarily referred to as boats reflecting their previous smaller size.) </p><p>Navies use many types of boat, ranging from 9-foot (2.7 m) dinghies to 135-foot (41 m) landing craft. They are powered by either diesel engines, out-board gasoline engines, or waterjets. Most boats are built of aluminum, fiberglass, or steel. <a href="/wiki/Rigid-hulled_inflatable_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigid-hulled inflatable boat">Rigid-hulled inflatable boats</a> are also used. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">Patrol boats</a> are used for patrols of coastal areas, lakes and large rivers. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a> are designed to carry troops, vehicles, or cargo from ship to shore under combat conditions, to unload, to withdraw from the beach, and to return to the ship. They are rugged, with powerful engines, and usually armed. There are many types in today's navies including <a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">hovercraft</a>. They will typically have a power-operated bow ramp, a cargo well and after structures that house engine rooms, pilot houses, and stowage compartments. These boats are sometimes carried by larger ships. </p><p>Special operations craft are high-speed craft used for insertion and extraction of special forces personnel and some may be transportable (and deployed) by air. </p><p>Boats used in non-combat roles include lifeboats, mail boats, line handling boats, buoy boats, aircraft rescue boats, torpedo retrievers, explosive ordnance disposal craft, utility boats, dive boats, targets, and work boats. Boats are also used for survey work, tending divers, and minesweeping operations. Boats for carrying cargo and personnel are sometimes known as launches, gigs, barges or shore party boats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Units">Units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naval forces are typically arranged into units based on the number of ships included, a single ship being the smallest operational unit. Ships may be combined into <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(naval)" title="Squadron (naval)">squadrons</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flotilla" title="Flotilla">flotillas</a>, which may be formed into <a href="/wiki/Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">fleets</a>. The largest unit size may be the whole Navy or <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_(navy)" title="Admiralty (navy)">Admiralty</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Task_force" title="Task force">task force</a> can be assembled using ships from different fleets for an operational task. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personnel">Personnel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite their acceptance in many areas of naval service, <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_military" title="Women in the military">female sailors</a> were not permitted to serve on board U.S. submarines until the U.S. Navy lifted the ban in April 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major reasons historically cited by the U.S. Navy were the extended duty tours and close conditions which afford almost no privacy. The United Kingdom's Royal Navy has had similar restrictions. Australia, Canada, Norway, and Spain previously opened submarine service to women sailors.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ranks">Ranks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ranks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naval_officer_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval officer ranks">Naval officer ranks</a></div><p>A navy will typically have two sets of ranks, one for <a href="/wiki/Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">enlisted</a> personnel and one for <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officers</a>. </p><p>Typical ranks for commissioned officers include the following, in ascending order (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> ranks are listed first on each line; USA ranks are listed second in those instances where they differ from Commonwealth ranks): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">Midshipman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">Ensign</a> / <a href="/wiki/Corvette_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Corvette Lieutenant">Corvette Lieutenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub Lieutenant">Sub Lieutenant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Junior_Grade" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Junior Grade">Lieutenant Junior Grade</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frigate_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Frigate Lieutenant">Frigate Lieutenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a> (Commonwealth & US)/ <a href="/wiki/Ship-of-the-Line_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship-of-the-Line Lieutenant">Ship-of-the-Line Lieutenant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Captain_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Lieutenant">Captain Lieutenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Commander">Lieutenant Commander</a> (Commonwealth & US)/ <a href="/wiki/Corvette_Captain" class="mw-redirect" title="Corvette Captain">Corvette Captain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">Commander</a> (Commonwealth & US)/ <a href="/wiki/Frigate_Captain" class="mw-redirect" title="Frigate Captain">Frigate Captain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_(naval)" title="Captain (naval)">Captain</a> (Commonwealth & US)/ <a href="/wiki/Ship-of-the-Line_Captain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship-of-the-Line Captain">Ship-of-the-Line Captain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_(rank)" title="Commodore (rank)">Commodore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Flotilla_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Flotilla Admiral">Flotilla Admiral</a> (in US only: <a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral_(lower_half)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral (lower half)">Rear Admiral (lower half)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral">Rear Admiral</a> (in US only: <a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral_(upper_half)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral (upper half)">Rear Admiral (upper half)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral">Vice Admiral</a> (Commonwealth & US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> (Commonwealth & US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral of the Fleet">Admiral of the Fleet</a> (Commonwealth) / <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Admiral">Fleet Admiral</a> (US) / <a href="/wiki/Grand_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Admiral">Grand Admiral</a></li></ul> <p>"Flag officers" include any rank that includes the word "admiral" (or commodore in services other than the US Navy), and are generally in command of a <a href="/wiki/Battleship_battle_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Battleship battle group">battle group</a>, strike group or similar flotilla of ships, rather than a single ship or aspect of a ship. However, commodores can also be temporary or honorary positions. For example, during World War II, a Navy captain was assigned duty as a convoy commodore, which meant that he was still a captain, but in charge of all the merchant vessels in the convoy. </p><p>The most senior rank employed by a navy will tend to vary depending on the size of a navy and whether it is wartime or peacetime, for example, few people have ever held the rank of Fleet Admiral in the U.S. Navy, the chief of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a> holds the rank of Vice Admiral, and the chief of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Naval_Service" title="Irish Naval Service">Irish Naval Service</a> holds the rank of Commodore. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naval_infantry">Naval infantry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Naval infantry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">Marines</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Navy" title="Special:EditPage/Navy">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:22nd_MEU_Storms_Beach_During_Bright_Star_DVIDS212393.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/22nd_MEU_Storms_Beach_During_Bright_Star_DVIDS212393.jpg/220px-22nd_MEU_Storms_Beach_During_Bright_Star_DVIDS212393.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/22nd_MEU_Storms_Beach_During_Bright_Star_DVIDS212393.jpg/330px-22nd_MEU_Storms_Beach_During_Bright_Star_DVIDS212393.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/22nd_MEU_Storms_Beach_During_Bright_Star_DVIDS212393.jpg/440px-22nd_MEU_Storms_Beach_During_Bright_Star_DVIDS212393.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/22nd_Marine_Expeditionary_Unit" title="22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit">22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit</a> conducting a beach landing exercise.</figcaption></figure> <p>Naval infantry, commonly known as <a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">marines</a>, are a category of infantry that form part of a state's naval forces and perform roles on land and at sea, including <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">amphibious operations</a>, as well as other, naval roles. They also perform other tasks, including land warfare, separate from naval operations. </p><p>During the era of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman empire">Roman empire</a>, naval forces included marine <a href="/wiki/Legionary" title="Legionary">legionaries</a> for <a href="/wiki/Naval_boarding" title="Naval boarding">maritime boarding actions</a>. These were troops primarily trained in land warfare, and did not need to be skilled at handling a ship. Much later during the age of sail, a component of marines served a similar role, being ship-borne soldiers who were used either during boarding actions, as sharp-shooters, or in raids along shorelines. </p><p>The Spanish <i><a href="/wiki/Infanter%C3%ADa_de_Marina" class="mw-redirect" title="Infantería de Marina">Infantería de Marina</a></i> was formed in 1537, making it the oldest, current marine force in the world. The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> combine being both a ship-based force and also being specially trained in <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">commando</a> <a href="/wiki/Frogman" title="Frogman">frogman</a>-style operations and tactics, operating in some cases separately from the rest of the Royal Navy. The Royal Marines also have their own <a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">special forces</a> <a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">unit</a>. </p><p>In the majority of countries, the marine force is an integral part of the navy but there are variations such as the French <a href="/wiki/Troupes_de_marine" title="Troupes de marine">Troupes de marine</a>, which is actually part of the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> is a separate armed service within the United States Department of the Navy, with its own leadership structure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naval_aviation">Naval aviation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Naval aviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Navy" title="Special:EditPage/Navy">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naval_aviation" title="Naval aviation">Naval aviation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_John_C._Stennis_(CVN-74)_and_HMS_Illustrious_(R_06)_in_the_Persian_Gulf_on_April_9,_1998.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/USS_John_C._Stennis_%28CVN-74%29_and_HMS_Illustrious_%28R_06%29_in_the_Persian_Gulf_on_April_9%2C_1998.jpg/250px-USS_John_C._Stennis_%28CVN-74%29_and_HMS_Illustrious_%28R_06%29_in_the_Persian_Gulf_on_April_9%2C_1998.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/USS_John_C._Stennis_%28CVN-74%29_and_HMS_Illustrious_%28R_06%29_in_the_Persian_Gulf_on_April_9%2C_1998.jpg/330px-USS_John_C._Stennis_%28CVN-74%29_and_HMS_Illustrious_%28R_06%29_in_the_Persian_Gulf_on_April_9%2C_1998.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/USS_John_C._Stennis_%28CVN-74%29_and_HMS_Illustrious_%28R_06%29_in_the_Persian_Gulf_on_April_9%2C_1998.jpg/500px-USS_John_C._Stennis_%28CVN-74%29_and_HMS_Illustrious_%28R_06%29_in_the_Persian_Gulf_on_April_9%2C_1998.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/USS_John_C._Stennis" title="USS John C. Stennis">USS <i>John C. Stennis</i></a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Illustrious_(R06)" title="HMS Illustrious (R06)">HMS <i>Illustrious</i></a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Naval aviation is the application of <a href="/wiki/Military_aviation" title="Military aviation">military air power</a> by navies, whether from <a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">warships</a> that embark aircraft, or land bases. </p><p>In World War I, several navies used <a href="/wiki/Floatplane" title="Floatplane">floatplanes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flying_boat" title="Flying boat">flying boats</a> – mainly for <a href="/wiki/Scout_plane" title="Scout plane">scouting</a>. By World War II, <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a> could carry bomber aircraft capable of attacking naval and land targets, as well as fighter aircraft for defence. Since World War II helicopters have been embarked on smaller ships in roles such as anti-submarine warfare and transport. Some navies have also operated land-based aircraft in roles such as <a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">maritime patrol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">training</a>. </p><p>Naval aviation forces primarily perform naval roles at sea. However, they are also used in a variety of other roles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">Blue-water navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auxiliary_ship_classes_in_service" title="List of auxiliary ship classes in service">List of auxiliary ship classes in service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_level_of_military_equipment" title="List of countries by level of military equipment">List of countries by level of military equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_battles" title="List of naval battles">List of naval battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_ship_classes_in_service" title="List of naval ship classes in service">List of naval ship classes in service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_navies" title="List of navies">List of navies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarine_classes_in_service" title="List of submarine classes in service">List of submarine classes in service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_academy" title="Naval academy">Naval academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">Naval fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_militia" title="Naval militia">Naval militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_tactics" title="Naval tactics">Naval tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Naval warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navies_of_landlocked_countries" title="Navies of landlocked countries">Navies of landlocked countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shore_patrol" title="Shore patrol">Shore patrol</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Found on the <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">KN</a> U 736, <a href="/wiki/Pylos" title="Pylos">PY</a> Na 568, PY Vn 865 and PY Xn 990 tablets.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cf. <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ναυπηγός</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=navy">"navy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PY+865+Vn+%2B+fr.+%28Ci%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.hf.uio.no%2Fdamos%2FIndex%2Fitem%2Fchosen_item_id%2F5039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavy" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140325100317/https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/5139">"PY 990 Xn (unknown)"</a>. <i>DĀMOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/5139">the original</a> on 25 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=D%C4%80MOS%3A+Database+of+Mycenaean+at+Oslo&rft.atitle=PY+990+Xn+%28unknown%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.hf.uio.no%2Fdamos%2FIndex%2Fitem%2Fchosen_item_id%2F5139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=nauphgo/s"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ναυπηγός</span></span></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny1990264"The_engagement_at_the_Red_Cliffs_took_place_in_the_winter_of_the_13th_year_of_[[Jian'an_(Eastern_Han)|Jian'an]],_probably_about_the_end_of_208."-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny1990264"The_engagement_at_the_Red_Cliffs_took_place_in_the_winter_of_the_13th_year_of_[[Jian'an_(Eastern_Han)|Jian'an]],_probably_about_the_end_of_208."_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Crespigny1990">de Crespigny (1990)</a>, p. 264, "The engagement at the Red Cliffs took place in the winter of the 13th year of <a href="/wiki/Jian%27an_(Eastern_Han)" title="Jian'an (Eastern Han)">Jian'an</a>, probably about the end of 208."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MajumdarHistCult3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MajumdarHistCult3_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMajumdar2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/R._C._Majumdar" title="R. C. Majumdar">Majumdar, Romesh Chandra</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/struggleforempir05bhar/page/250/mode/2up?q="><i>The History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume V: The Struggle for Empire</i></a>. Mumbai: <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Vidya_Bhavan" title="Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan">Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+and+Culture+of+the+Indian+People%2C+Volume+V%3A+The+Struggle+for+Empire&rft.place=Mumbai&rft.pub=Bharatiya+Vidya+Bhavan&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Majumdar&rft.aufirst=Romesh+Chandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstruggleforempir05bhar%2Fpage%2F250%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kulkep212-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kulkep212_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asia_campaign_of_Rajendra_I#Kulke" title="South-East Asia campaign of Rajendra I">Kulke</a>, p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpencer1976409-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpencer1976409_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpencer1976">Spencer 1976</a>, p. 409.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:122-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:122_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kumar, Ann (2012). 'Dominion Over Palm and Pine: Early Indonesia's Maritime Reach', in Geoff Wade (ed.), <i>Anthony Reid and the Study of the Southeast Asian Past</i> (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies), 101–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNugroho2011" class="citation book cs1">Nugroho, Irawan Djoko (2011). <i>Majapahit Peradaban Maritim</i>. 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"<a href="//archive.org/details/hikayat-raja-raja-pasai/page/2/mode/2up" class="extiw" title="iarchive:hikayat-raja-raja-pasai/page/2/mode/2up">Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai</a>". <i>Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society</i>. <b>33</b>: pp. 98 and 157: "Then he directed them to make ready all the equipment and munitions of war needed for an attack on the land of Pasai – about four hundred of the largest junks, and also many barges (malangbang) and galleys." See also Nugroho (2011), pp. 270 and 286, quoting <i>Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai</i>, 3: 98: "<i>Sa-telah itu, maka di-suroh baginda musta'idkan segala kelengkapan dan segala alat senjata peperangan akan mendatangi negeri Pasai itu, sa-kira-kira empat ratus jong yang besar-besar dan lain daripada itu banyak lagi daripada malangbang dan kelulus</i>." (After that, he is tasked by His Majesty to ready all the equipment and all weapons of war to come to that country of Pasai, about four hundred large jongs and other than that much more of malangbang and kelulus.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:10_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nugroho (2011), pp. 271, 399–400, quoting <i>Sejarah Melayu</i>, 10.4: 77: "... <i>maka bagindapun segera menyuruh berlengkap tiga ratus buah jung, lain dari pada itu kelulus, pelang, jongkong, tiada terbilang lagi</i>." (then His Majesty immediately ordered to equip three hundred jong, other than that kelulus, pelang, jongkong in uncountable numbers.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leyden, John (1821). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83132/page/n3/mode/2up?q=">Malay Annals: Translated from the Malay language</a></i>. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83132/page/n101/mode/2up?q=">p. 86</a>: "The bitara immediately fitted out 300 junks together with the vessels calúlús, pelang, and jongkong in numbers beyond calculation, and embarked on board of them two Cati of Javans (200,000). Then having set sail, they arrived at Singhapura, and immediately engaged in battle."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAveroes2022" class="citation journal cs1">Averoes, Muhammad (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/size-of-javanese-jong">"Re-Estimating the Size of Javanese Jong Ship"</a>. <i>HISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidik Dan Peneliti Sejarah</i>. <b>5</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">57–</span>64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17509%2Fhistoria.v5i1.39181">10.17509/historia.v5i1.39181</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:247335671">247335671</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HISTORIA%3A+Jurnal+Pendidik+Dan+Peneliti+Sejarah&rft.atitle=Re-Estimating+the+Size+of+Javanese+Jong+Ship&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E64&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17509%2Fhistoria.v5i1.39181&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A247335671%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Averoes&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsize-of-javanese-jong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Defense_Analysis;_Dec2001,_Vol._17_Issue_3,_p259-265-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Defense_Analysis;_Dec2001,_Vol._17_Issue_3,_p259-265_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Weighing the US Navy", <i>Defense & Security Analysis</i>, Volume 17, Issue 3, December 2001, pp. 259–265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100601135420/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iIMxaTQ7lpX-Ow6grVziJ7ZKeNpQD9FVUPKG3">"The Associated Press: Biden notes big year, sub service for Navy women"</a>. 1 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iIMxaTQ7lpX-Ow6grVziJ7ZKeNpQD9FVUPKG3">the original</a> on 1 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Associated+Press%3A+Biden+notes+big+year%2C+sub+service+for+Navy+women&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fap%2Farticle%2FALeqM5iIMxaTQ7lpX-Ow6grVziJ7ZKeNpQD9FVUPKG3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428215258/https://www.nato.int/docu/review/2001/0102-09.htm">"NATO Review – Vol. 49 – No 2 – Summer 2001"</a>. <i>NATO</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nato.int/docu/review/2001/0102-09.htm">the original</a> on 28 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NATO&rft.atitle=NATO+Review+%E2%80%93+Vol.+49+%E2%80%93+No+2+%E2%80%93+Summer+2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fdocu%2Freview%2F2001%2F0102-09.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFde_Crespigny1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rafe_de_Crespigny" title="Rafe de Crespigny">de Crespigny, Rafe</a> (2018) [1990]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709044544/https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/html/1885/42048/gos_index.html"><i>Generals of the South: The Foundation and Early History of the Three Kingdoms State of Wu</i></a> (Internet ed.). Canberra: Australian National University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7315-0901-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7315-0901-0"><bdi>978-0-7315-0901-0</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/html/1885/42048/gos_index.html">the original</a> on 9 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generals+of+the+South%3A+The+Foundation+and+Early+History+of+the+Three+Kingdoms+State+of+Wu&rft.place=Canberra&rft.edition=Internet&rft.pub=Australian+National+University&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-7315-0901-0&rft.aulast=de+Crespigny&rft.aufirst=Rafe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcollections.anu.edu.au%2Fhtml%2F1885%2F42048%2Fgos_index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpencer1976" class="citation journal cs1">Spencer, George W. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2053272">"The Politics of Plunder: The Cholas in Eleventh-Century Ceylon"</a>. <i>The Journal of Asian Studies</i>. <b>35</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">405–</span>419. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2053272">10.2307/2053272</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9118">0021-9118</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2053272">2053272</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154741845">154741845</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+Plunder%3A+The+Cholas+in+Eleventh-Century+Ceylon&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E405-%3C%2Fspan%3E419&rft.date=1976&rft.issn=0021-9118&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154741845%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2053272%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2053272&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=George+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2053272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Non-fiction:</b> <ul><li><i>Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft and Systems</i> – Naval Institute Press. Published annually. Comprehensive.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_Braudel" title="Fernand Braudel">Braudel, Fernand</a>, <i>The Mediterranean in the Ancient World</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Corbett" title="Julian Corbett">Corbett, Sir Julian</a>, <i>Some Principles of Maritime Strategy</i>, 1911.</li> <li>Hughes Jr., Wayne P., <i>Fleet Tactics and Coastal Combat</i>, 1999, Naval Institute Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-392-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-392-3">1-55750-392-3</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kennedy" title="Paul Kennedy">Kennedy, Paul</a>. <i>The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery</i>. New York: Scribner, 1976. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-54674-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-54674-1">0-394-54674-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Thayer_Mahan" title="Alfred Thayer Mahan">Mahan, Alfred Thayer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Influence_of_Sea_Power_upon_History" title="The Influence of Sea Power upon History">The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783</a></i>, 1918, Boston: Little Brown.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Marder" title="Arthur Marder">Marder, Arthur</a>. <i>The Anatomy of British Seapower</i>. New York: Octagon Books, 1940.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Marder" title="Arthur Marder">Marder, Arthur</a>. "The Influence of History on Sea Power: The Royal Navy and the Lessons of 1914–1918", <i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Historical_Review" title="Pacific Historical Review">Pacific Historical Review</a></i>. November 1972.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Richmond" title="Herbert Richmond">Richmond, Herbert</a>. <i>National Policy and National Strength and other Essays</i>. London: Longman, Green and Co., 1928.</li> <li>Sprout, Harold and Margaret Sprout. <i>Toward a New Order of Sea Power: American Naval Policy ... 1918–1922</i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1940.</li> <li>Starr, Chester G., <i>The Influence of Sea Power on Ancient History</i>, 1989, Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-505666-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-505666-3">0-19-505666-3</a>.</li> <li>Tangredi, Sam, "Globalization and Maritime Power", 2002 – <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_University_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Defense University (Washington, D.C.)">National Defense University</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57906-060-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-57906-060-9">1-57906-060-9</a>.</li> <li>Trafalgar 200 Through the Lens, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9553004-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9553004-0-1">0-9553004-0-1</a>.</li> <li>Wombacher, Joerg and Joerg Felfe. (2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afs.sagepub.com/content/38/4/557.abstract">United We Are Strong: An Investigation into Sense of Community among Navy Crews</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_%26_Society" title="Armed Forces & Society">Armed Forces & Society</a></i>, Vol. 38, No. 4.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Woolley" title="Peter J. Woolley">Woolley, Peter J</a>. "The Role of Strategy in Great Power Decline", <i><a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College_Review" title="Naval War College Review">Naval War College Review</a></i>. Vol. XLIX, no. 1 (1996). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884733-06-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-884733-06-9">1-884733-06-9</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Fiction:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lewrie" title="Alan Lewrie">Alan Lewrie</a> series by <a href="/wiki/Dewey_Lambdin" title="Dewey Lambdin">Dewey Lambdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubrey%E2%80%93Maturin_series" title="Aubrey–Maturin series">Aubrey–Maturin series</a> by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Brian" title="Patrick O'Brian">Patrick O'Brian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Hornblower" title="Horatio Hornblower">Horatio Hornblower</a> series by <a href="/wiki/C._S._Forester" title="C. S. Forester">C. S. Forester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bolitho" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Bolitho">Richard Bolitho</a> series by Alexander Kent (pseudonym of <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Reeman" title="Douglas Reeman">Douglas Reeman</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Clancy" title="Tom Clancy">Tom Clancy</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_for_Red_October" title="The Hunt for Red October">The Hunt for Red October</a></i> (1984), <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Storm_Rising" title="Red Storm Rising">Red Storm Rising</a></i> (1986)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/60px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/120px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Navy" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Navy">Navy</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/navy" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:navy">navy</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naval-technology.com/">Naval Technology</a> – News, projects, images and white papers on the naval industry</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nosi.org">NOSI (Naval Open Source Intelligence)</a> – a library of world naval operational news</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313064830/http://www.smhc-uk.org/navy.html">Navy at Scottish Military Heritage Centre</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Navy, The"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/Navy,_The">"Navy, The" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's New Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1921.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Navy%2C+The&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+New+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHannay1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Hannay_(historian)" title="David Hannay (historian)">Hannay, David McDowall</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Navy"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Navy">"Navy" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">299–</span>317.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Navy&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E299-%3C%2Fspan%3E317&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Hannay&rft.aufirst=David+McDowall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Military_and_war324" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_and_war" title="Template:Military and war"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_and_war" title="Template talk:Military and war"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_and_war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military and war"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Military_and_war324" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a> and <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_military_technology" title="History of military technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_specialism" title="Military specialism">Occupational roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">Recruitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">National security</a></li> <li><i>Roles:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">Sailor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman" title="Airman">Airman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">Enlisted rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_officer" title="Commanding officer">Commanding officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_officer" title="Executive officer">Executive officer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Protocols and structure:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comparative_military_ranks" title="List of comparative military ranks">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Uniforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations" title="Military awards and decorations">Awards and decorations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_decorations" title="List of military decorations">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_military_decorations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest military decorations">Highest</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Categories:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_ranks" title="Category:Military ranks">Ranks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_defence" title="Ministry of defence">Defense ministry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Armed Forces</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">Army</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">Air force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_force" title="Space force">Space force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">Special forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogman" title="Frogman">Frogman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">Reserves</a></li> <li><i>Functional specialties:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_engineer" title="Combat engineer">Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">Reconnaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reconnaissance_units" title="List of reconnaissance units">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_corps" title="Medical corps">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">Military police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_forces" title="Security forces">Security forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_guard" title="Border guard">Border guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">Logistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_logistics_units_and_formations" title="Category:Military logistics units and formations">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Categories:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Combat_occupations" title="Category:Combat occupations">Combat occupations</a></li> <li><i>Development:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_recruit_training" title="Military recruit training">Basic training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Military maneuvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">Combat training</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Land units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_arms" title="Combat arms">Combat arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_reconnaissance" title="Special reconnaissance">Special reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_corps" title="Signal corps">Signal corps</a></li> <li><i>Naval units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">Warships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surface_combatant" title="Surface combatant">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_combat_ship" title="Littoral combat ship">Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">Patrol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">Auxiliary ship</a></li> <li><i>Air units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">Bombers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">Close air support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic-warfare_aircraft" title="Electronic-warfare aircraft">Electronic-warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Structure_of_contemporary_armed_forces" title="Category:Structure of contemporary armed forces">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Structure_of_contemporary_armies" title="Category:Structure of contemporary armies">Armies by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">Chain of command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_combatant_command" title="Unified combatant command">Unified combatant command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">General staff</a></li> <li><i>Land:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_group" title="Army group">Army group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_army" title="Field army">Field army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps" title="Corps">Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_corps" title="List of military corps">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Division</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_divisions" title="List of military divisions">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">Brigade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brigades_by_type" title="Category:Brigades by type">By type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">Regiment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regiments_by_country" title="Category:Regiments by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regiments_by_type" title="Category:Regiments by type">By type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">Battalion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battalions_by_country" title="Category:Battalions by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battalions_by_type" title="Category:Battalions by type">By type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">Platoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squad" title="Squad">Squad</a></li> <li><i>Naval:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">Naval fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_force#Naval" title="Task force">Task force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_strike_group" title="Carrier strike group">Carrier strike group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_(naval)" title="Division (naval)">Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flotilla" title="Flotilla">Flotilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squadron_(naval)" title="Squadron (naval)">Squadron</a></li> <li><i>Air:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_box" title="Combat box">Combat box</a></li> <li><i>Special units by nation:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Fleet" title="Battle Fleet">Battle Fleet; U.S. Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_(military_formation)" title="Front (military formation)">Front; Russian land forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Ground:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_vehicle" title="Military vehicle">Ground</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_vehicles" title="List of military vehicles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_vehicle" title="Combat vehicle">Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tracked_military_vehicles" title="Category:Tracked military vehicles">Tracked vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wheeled_military_vehicles" title="Category:Wheeled military vehicles">Wheeled vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">Infantry fighting vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_armoured_fighting_vehicles" title="Lists of armoured fighting vehicles">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_armoured_fighting_vehicles_by_country" title="List of armoured fighting vehicles by country">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armored_car_(military)" title="Armored car (military)">Armored car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_car" title="Scout car">Scout car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_vehicle#Military_trucks" title="Military vehicle">Truck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_trucks" title="Category:Military trucks">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_truck" title="Gun truck">Gun truck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_artillery" title="Self-propelled artillery">Self-propelled artillery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_howitzers#Self-propelled_howitzers" title="List of howitzers">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_anti-aircraft_weapon" title="Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon">Anti-aircraft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_railways" title="Military railways">Rail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Land</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_weapons" title="Lists of weapons">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Artillery:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_artillery" title="Field artillery">Artillery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artillery" title="List of artillery">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artillery_by_country" title="List of artillery by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">Battery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_gun" title="Field gun">Field gun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_field_guns" title="List of field guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">Howitzer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_howitzers" title="List of howitzers">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_artillery" title="Rocket artillery">Rocket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rocket_artillery" title="List of rocket artillery">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_and_Light_Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Arms and Light Weapons">Infantry guns</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_pistol" title="Service pistol">Pistols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_machine_guns" title="List of machine guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">Service rifles</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_rifle" title="Battle rifle">Battle rifles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battle_rifles" title="List of battle rifles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">Assault rifle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assault_rifles" title="List of assault rifles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">Sniper rifle</a></li> <li><i>Other infantry weapons:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazooka" title="Bazooka">Bazooka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_gun" title="Anti-tank gun">Anti-tank gun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-tank_guns" title="List of anti-tank guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenade" title="Grenade">Grenade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grenades" title="Category:Grenades">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamethrower" title="Flamethrower">Flamethrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">Bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_knife" title="Combat knife">Combat knife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_knives" title="Category:Military knives">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">Missiles</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder-fired_missile" title="Shoulder-fired missile">Shoulder-fired</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">Anti-tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles" title="List of missiles">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles_by_country" title="List of missiles by country">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">Mortar</a> <ul><li><i>Lists:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_infantry_mortars" title="List of infantry mortars">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heavy_mortars" title="List of heavy mortars">Heavy</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Other:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_mine" title="Land mine">Land mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">Shells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Sea/Air:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">Guided missiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles" title="List of missiles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Naval</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_artillery" title="Naval artillery">Naval artillery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_guns" title="List of naval guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-ship_missile" title="Anti-ship missile">Anti-ship missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">Torpedoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_charge" title="Depth charge">Depth charges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close-in_weapon_system" title="Close-in weapon system">Close-in weapons</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Aerial</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aircraft_guns" title="Category:Aircraft guns">Guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Air-launched_missiles" title="Category:Air-launched missiles">Missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_bomb" title="Aerial bomb">Bombs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Military equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_military_equipment" title="Lists of military equipment">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_equipment_by_country" title="Category:Military equipment by country">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_helmet" title="Combat helmet">Helmet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_combat_helmets" title="List of combat helmets">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_clothing_camouflage_patterns" title="List of military clothing camouflage patterns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_armor" title="Body armor">Body armor</a></li> <li><i>Facilities:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_base" title="Military base">Military base</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_military_installations" title="Lists of military installations">Lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">Field hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combat systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">Fire-control system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-control_radar" title="Fire-control radar">Fire-control radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_(military)" title="Director (military)">Director (military)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_information_center" title="Combat information center">Combat information center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li> <li><i>Historical:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_gun_fire-control_system" title="Ship gun fire-control system">Ship gun fire-control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_data_computer" title="Gun data computer">Gun data computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_Data_Computer" title="Torpedo Data Computer">Torpedo Data Computer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">Warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy" title="Strategy">Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science" title="Military science">Military science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">International law</a></li> <li><i>By era:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_warfare" title="Ancient warfare">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_warfare" title="Medieval warfare">Post-classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_warfare" title="Modern warfare">Late modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_warfare" title="Industrial warfare">industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth-generation_warfare" title="Fourth-generation warfare">fourth-gen</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>By type:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">Armoured warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrage_(artillery)" title="Barrage (artillery)">Barrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">Combined arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_warfare" title="Conventional warfare">Conventional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberweapon" title="Cyberweapon">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_denial_weapon" title="Area denial weapon">Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawfare" title="Lawfare">Lawfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loitering_munition" title="Loitering munition">Loitering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_music" title="Martial music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiological_warfare" title="Radiological warfare">Radiological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconventional_warfare" title="Unconventional warfare">Unconventional</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Battlespace" title="Battlespace">Battlespace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Aerospace <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_warfare" title="Land warfare">Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_warfare" title="Cold-weather warfare">Cold-region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_warfare" title="Desert warfare">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_warfare" title="Jungle warfare">Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_warfare" title="Mountain warfare">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_warfare" title="Surface warfare">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_warfare" title="Underwater warfare">Underwater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">List of military tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_combat_manoeuvring" title="Air combat manoeuvring">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlift" title="Airlift">Airlift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airbridge_(logistics)" title="Airbridge (logistics)">Airbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airdrop" title="Airdrop">Airdrop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_tactics" title="Cavalry tactics">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_(warfare)" title="Charge (warfare)">Charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterattack" title="Counterattack">Counterattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">Counterinsurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defeat_in_detail" title="Defeat in detail">Defeat in detail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_fighting_position" title="Defensive fighting position">Foxhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelopment" title="Envelopment">Envelopment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">Guerrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morale" title="Morale">Morale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_awe" title="Shock and awe">Rapid dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarming_(military)" title="Swarming (military)">Swarming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_objective" title="Tactical objective">Tactical objective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturation_attack" title="Saturation attack">Target saturation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_(military)" title="Withdrawal (military)">Withdrawal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operational_level_of_war" title="Operational level of war">Operational</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">Military operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_research" title="Operations research">Operations research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">Expeditionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_operation" title="Deep operation">Deep operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneuver_warfare" title="Maneuver warfare">Maneuver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_manoeuvre_group" title="Operational manoeuvre group">Operational manoeuvre group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_strategies_and_concepts" title="List of military strategies and concepts">List of military strategies and concepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">Military campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-offensive">Counter-offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culminating_point" title="Culminating point">Culminating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_in_depth" title="Defence in depth">Defence in depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_strategy" title="Fabian strategy">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic Warfare">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_deception" title="Military deception">Deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_defence" title="Strategic defence">Defensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_depth" title="Strategic depth">Depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_goal_(military)" title="Strategic goal (military)">Goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_strategy" title="Naval strategy">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_(military)" title="Offensive (military)">Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">Scorched earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Policy" title="Policy">Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance" title="Alliance">Alliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">Peace treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation" title="Cooperation">Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediation" title="Mediation">Mediation</a></li> <li><i>Public policy:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget" title="Military budget">Defense budget</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_highest_military_expenditures" title="List of countries with highest military expenditures">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_military_expenditure" title="List of countries by past military expenditure">Past</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_highest_military_expenditure_per_capita" title="List of countries with highest military expenditure per capita">Per capita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_policy" title="Military policy">Defense policy</a></li> <li><i>Related:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_lists" title="Category:Military lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Military lists</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_war#Wars" title="Outline of war">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_weapons" title="Lists of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">Military tactics</a></li> <li><i>History lists:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_wars" title="Lists of wars">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_battles" title="Lists of battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_occupations" title="List of military occupations">Military occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations" title="List of military operations">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sieges" title="List of sieges">Sieges</a></li> <li><i>Related lists:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_war_crimes" title="List of war crimes">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_writers" title="List of military writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other namespace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Templates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:War" title="Template:War">War</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Weapons" title="Template:Weapons">Weapons</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Military_ranks_by_country" title="Template:Military ranks by country">Ranks</a>}}</span></li> <li><i>Vehicles and weapons</i> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Tanks" title="Template:Tanks">Tanks</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Weapons" title="Template:Weapons">Weapons</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_IFV_and_APC" title="Template:Modern IFV and APC">Infantry fighting vehicles</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Warship_types_of_the_19th_%26_20th_centuries" title="Template:Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries">Modern warships</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Military_aircraft_types_(roles)" title="Template:Military aircraft types (roles)">Aircraft</a>}}</span></li></ul></li> <li><i>Specific modern wars</i> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Napoleonic_Wars" title="Template:Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_I" title="Template:World War I">World War I</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II">World War II</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War" title="Template:Cold War">Cold War</a>}}</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_wars_by_country_involved" title="Category:Lists of wars by country involved">Lists of wars by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_by_time" title="Category:Conflicts by time">Conflicts by time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_conflict_studies" title="Peace and conflict studies">Peace and conflict studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">Peace 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