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人工合成元素 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生產" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生產"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>生產</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生產-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人工合成元素列表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人工合成元素列表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>人工合成元素列表</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-人工合成元素列表-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关人工合成元素列表子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-人工合成元素列表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-其他人工合成元素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他人工合成元素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>其他人工合成元素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他人工合成元素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">人工合成元素</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。38种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="عنصر اصطناعي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عنصر اصطناعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementu_sint%C3%A9ticu" title="Elementu sintéticu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Elementu sintéticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Синтетичен елемент – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Синтетичен елемент" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element_sint%C3%A8tic" title="Element sintètic – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Element sintètic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntetisk_grundstof" title="Syntetisk grundstof – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Syntetisk grundstof" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_element" title="Synthetic element – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Synthetic element" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemento_sint%C3%A9tico" title="Elemento sintético – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elemento sintético" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementu_kimiko_sintetiko" title="Elementu kimiko sintetiko – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elementu kimiko sintetiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="عنصر مصنوعی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عنصر مصنوعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_synth%C3%A9tique" title="Élément synthétique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élément synthétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAile_sint%C3%A9iseacha" title="Dúile sintéiseacha – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dúile sintéiseacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemento_sint%C3%A9tico" title="Elemento sintético – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Elemento sintético" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="कृत्रिम तत्वान्तरण – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कृत्रिम तत्वान्तरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umjetni_elementi" title="Umjetni elementi – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Umjetni elementi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesters%C3%A9ges_elem" title="Mesterséges elem – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mesterséges elem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur_kimia_sintetis" title="Unsur kimia sintetis – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Unsur kimia sintetis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="人工元素 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="人工元素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жасанды элементтер – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жасанды элементтер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81" title="ಸಂಯೋಜಿತ ಧಾತು – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಂಯೋಜಿತ ಧಾತು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="인공 원소 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인공 원소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element_sintetich" title="Element sintetich – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Element sintetich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Вештачки елемент – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вештачки елемент" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur_sintetik" title="Unsur sintetik – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Unsur sintetik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B_%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="သမ္ဘာရ ဒြပ်စင် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သမ္ဘာရ ဒြပ်စင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemento_sint%C3%A9tico" title="Elemento sintético – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elemento sintético" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element_sintetic" title="Element sintetic – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Element sintetic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Синтезированные химические элементы – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Синтезированные химические элементы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_element" title="Synthetic element – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Synthetic element" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Синтетички елемент – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Синтетички елемент" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntetiskt_grund%C3%A4mne" title="Syntetiskt grundämne – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Syntetiskt grundämne" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementi_sintetiki" title="Elementi sintetiki – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Elementi sintetiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="செயற்கைத் தனிமம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செயற்கைத் தனிமம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="సింథటిక్ మూలకం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సింథటిక్ మూలకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" title="ธาตุสังเคราะห์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ธาตุสังเคราะห์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapay_element" title="Yapay element – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yapay element" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Синтетичний хімічний елемент – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Синтетичний хімічний елемент" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_t%E1%BB%95ng_h%E1%BB%A3p" title="Nguyên tố tổng hợp – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nguyên tố tổng hợp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhlwa_elumbanisiwe" title="Inhlwa elumbanisiwe – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inhlwa elumbanisiwe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q755992#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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sans-serif, &#39;FZSongS-Extended&#39;, &#39;FZSongS-Extended(SIP)&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono&#39;, &#39;BabelStone Han&#39;, &#39;HanaMinB&#39;, &#39;I.MingCP&#39;, &#39;I.Ming&#39;, &#39;FZSong-Extended&#39;, &#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;, Code2002, DFSongStd, &#39;STHeiti SC&#39;, unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, LastResort;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=9FEC">&#x9fec;</a></span></span>」,這些字符可能會<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%82%E7%A2%BC" title="亂碼">错误显示</a>,詳见<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unicode%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="Wikipedia:Unicode扩展汉字">Unicode扩展汉字</a>。</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Synthetic-Mod.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Synthetic-Mod.png/441px-Synthetic-Mod.png" decoding="async" width="441" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Synthetic-Mod.png/662px-Synthetic-Mod.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Synthetic-Mod.png/882px-Synthetic-Mod.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CC00FF; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;自然界中不存在,完全由人工方法合成出的放射性元素</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#22b14c; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;自然界中存量稀少,通常由人工合成的方式生產的放射性元素</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ff3333;"><span style="display:inline-block; width:0; height:0;border-right: 1.25em solid #ff6600;border-bottom: 1.25em solid #ff3333;">&#160;</span></span>&#160;自然界中較普遍,有穩定存量的天然放射性元素</div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>人工合成元素</b>,又稱為<b>人造元素</b>,在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="化学">化学</a>中是指<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="自然界">自然界</a>中不存在,只有通过人工方法才能製造出來的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="化学元素">化学元素</a>。一般透過將兩種元素的原子以高速撞擊,使兩者融合,以增大其<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a>內<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">质子</a>的个数,达到增大原子序数、制造出新元素的目標。至今已有24種人工合成元素被合成出來,它們均是不穩定的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="放射性元素">放射性元素</a>,但彼此間<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7#衰变" title="放射性">衰变</a>的速率差异很大,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>從幾千萬年(如<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="鋦">鋦</a>-247)到僅僅只有數百微秒(如<a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫"><span class="inline-unihan" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; font-variant: normal;cursor: help; font-family: sans-serif, &#39;FZSongS-Extended&#39;, &#39;FZSongS-Extended(SIP)&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono&#39;, &#39;BabelStone Han&#39;, &#39;HanaMinB&#39;, &#39;FZSong-Extended&#39;, &#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;, Code2002, DFSongStd, &#39;STHeiti SC&#39;, unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, &#39;Plangothic P1&#39;, &#39;Plangothic P2&#39;;" title="字符描述:⿹气奥 &#10;※如果您看到空白、方塊或問號,代表您的系統無法顯示此字元。">鿫</span></a>-294)。<sup id="cite_ref-kulkarni_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kulkarni-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>有五种元素最初是通过人工合成的方式发现,但是后来在自然界中,也发现有<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%95%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="痕量同位素">痕迹量</a>的存在,包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="鎝">鎝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">钷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%88" class="mw-redirect" title="砈">砈</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="錼">錼</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="鈽">鈽</a>,由於存量極為稀少,從天然礦石中提取它們並不實際,所以通常還是由人工合成的方式生產這些元素。因此,它们有时仍被标记为人工合成元素。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>其中第一个被發現的是<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="鎝">鎝</a>,首次合成于1937年。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>而工業及軍事上最重要的<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">钚</a>于1940年首次被合成出,主要以其在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%B9" title="原子弹">原子弹</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="核反应堆">核反应堆</a>中的用途而闻名。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>钚也是如今天然存在的元素中<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序數">原子序數</a>最大的(94號),原子序≥95(<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%82" class="mw-redirect" title="鋂">鋂</a>以後)的元素都不出現在自然界中,只能以人工合成的方式生產,即随附<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表">元素周期表</a>中的紫色區塊元素。 </p><p>原子序數≥99(<a href="/wiki/%E9%91%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鑀">鑀</a>以後)的人工合成元素由於半衰期都極短,非常不穩定,無法大量生產,因此在科學研究之外沒有任何實際用途。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概述"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.BF.B0"></span>概述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:概述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人工合成元素皆具有<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>,會<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">衰变</a>成其他较轻的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="核種">核種</a>。由于它们的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>与地球的寿命相比过短,即使在地球形成的初期曾经存在过这些元素,到现今也已经全部衰变为其他元素而消失在地球上了。目前,只有在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="核武器">核武器</a>或是在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="核反应堆">核反应堆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="粒子加速器">粒子加速器</a>中进行的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="核试验">核试验</a>中才能发现人工合成元素的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a>。人工合成元素的产生方式有<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98" title="核聚变">核聚变</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="中子俘获">中子俘获</a>。 </p><p>对于自然存在的元素来说,其<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">原子量</a>由<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="地壳">地壳</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" title="大气层">大气层</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="天然同位素">天然同位素</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a>比例来决定。但是由于人工合成元素的同位素完全由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="人造同位素">人工合成</a>产生,天然同位素的丰度對其没有任何意义,因此,在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表">元素周期表</a>中,人工合成元素的原子量使用其最稳定(即半衰期最长)的同位素之原子量来表示。 </p><p>并不是所有的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="放射性元素">放射性元素</a>都是人工合成元素,比如<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%80" class="mw-redirect" title="铀">铀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">钍</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="鉍">鉍</a>都没有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="稳定同位素">稳定同位素</a>,但是它们最穩定同位素的半衰期均極長,因此在地壳和大气层中均有分布,同时,它们的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">衰变产物</a>——<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">钋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">镭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">氡</a>等元素,尽管半衰期很短,也能在自然界中找到相當的量。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生產"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E7.94.A2"></span>生產</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:生產"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>從<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="核反應爐">核反應爐</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E9%81%8E%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="用過核燃料">用過核燃料</a>中可以找到一些自然界中非常稀少或不存在的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%88%BE%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="超鈾元素">超鈾元素</a>,包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="錼">錼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="鈽">鈽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%82" class="mw-redirect" title="鋂">鋂</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="鋦">鋦</a>等,它們是核燃料中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="中子俘获">俘獲中子</a>後經<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Β衰變">β衰變</a>而產生的。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>較輕的人工合成元素大多是在核反應爐中以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>衝擊母核種靶核來生產,可以較大量地生產。<sup id="cite_ref-Luig_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luig-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>100號元素<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="鐨">鐨</a>是能以這種方式生產的最重元素,不過至今科學家仍沒有製得純鐨。<sup id="cite_ref-Silva_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silva-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>目前<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="單質">單質</a>產量能以肉眼所見的最重元素為99號的<a href="/wiki/%E9%91%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鑀">鑀</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序數">原子序數</a>為101(<a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%86" class="mw-redirect" title="鍆">鍆</a>)以上的超鐨元素(transfermium element)只能利用<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="粒子加速器">粒子加速器</a>將高能粒子轟擊母核種來合成,合成難度較高且產量極少,因此用途皆僅限於研究。<sup id="cite_ref-Luig_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luig-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>世界上第一個通过人工合成而發現的化學元素是<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="鎝">鎝</a>,在1936年,该发现被最终确认并填补了元素周期表的43號位置的空白。鎝不存在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="稳定同位素">稳定同位素</a>,其最稳定的同位素鎝-98的半衰期为420万年,远低于<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B4%E9%BD%A1" title="地球的年齡">地球的年齡</a>,因此地球形成时所产生的鎝到今天已经衰變殆盡。現今自然界中仅存在痕迹量的鎝,是由铀-238的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="自发裂变">自发裂变</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">钼</a>矿石的中子俘获而产生。 </p><p>第一个完全由人工合成而产生的元素是1944年合成的<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">锔</a>,之后是<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">镅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">锫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">锎</a>等。<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="冷战">冷战</a>期间,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>各自独立合成出了<a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">鑪</a>和<a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">𨧀</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%87%8D%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="超重元素">超重元素</a>,这些元素的命名权曾引起很大的爭論,直到1997年才解決(參見<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%95%84%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE" title="超镄元素争议">超鐨元素爭議</a>)。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>目前最新發現的元素為2010年合成出的<span class="inline-unihan" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; font-variant: normal;cursor: help; font-family: sans-serif, &#39;FZSongS-Extended&#39;, &#39;FZSongS-Extended(SIP)&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono&#39;, &#39;BabelStone Han&#39;, &#39;HanaMinB&#39;, &#39;FZSong-Extended&#39;, &#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;, Code2002, DFSongStd, &#39;STHeiti SC&#39;, unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, &#39;Plangothic P1&#39;, &#39;Plangothic P2&#39;;" title="字符描述:⿰石田 &#10;※如果您看到空白、方塊或問號,代表您的系統無法顯示此字元。"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">鿬</a></span>(Tennessine, Ts),而目前發現原子序最大的元素則是118號的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫"><span class="inline-unihan" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; font-variant: normal;cursor: help; font-family: sans-serif, &#39;FZSongS-Extended&#39;, &#39;FZSongS-Extended(SIP)&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono&#39;, &#39;BabelStone Han&#39;, &#39;HanaMinB&#39;, &#39;FZSong-Extended&#39;, &#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;, Code2002, DFSongStd, &#39;STHeiti SC&#39;, unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, &#39;Plangothic P1&#39;, &#39;Plangothic P2&#39;;" title="字符描述:⿹气奥 &#10;※如果您看到空白、方塊或問號,代表您的系統無法顯示此字元。">鿫</span></a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">Oganesson</a>, Og),於2006年合成出,至此所有<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">第七週期元素</a>已经合成成功。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schewe_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schewe-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>科學家們至今仍藉由人工核反應力圖合成出原子序更大的新元素。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人工合成元素列表"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.B7.A5.E5.90.88.E6.88.90.E5.85.83.E7.B4.A0.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8"></span>人工合成元素列表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:人工合成元素列表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>下表所列人工合成元素均为自然界中所不存在的化学元素,其原子序数≥95,均为<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%93%80%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="超铀元素">超铀元素</a>。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>元素名称</th> <th>元素符号</th> <th>原子序数</th> <th>首次合成年代 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">镅</a></td> <td>Am</td> <td>95</td> <td>1944 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">锔</a></td> <td>Cm</td> <td>96</td> <td>1944 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">锫</a></td> <td>Bk</td> <td>97</td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">锎</a></td> <td>Cf</td> <td>98</td> <td>1950 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">锿</a></td> <td>Es</td> <td>99</td> <td>1952 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">镄</a></td> <td>Fm</td> <td>100</td> <td>1952 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">钔</a></td> <td>Md</td> <td>101</td> <td>1955 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">锘</a></td> <td>No</td> <td>102</td> <td>1957 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="铹">铹</a></td> <td>Lr</td> <td>103</td> <td>1961 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">鑪</a></td> <td>Rf</td> <td>104</td> <td>1966(<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>),1969(<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>)* </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">𨧀</a></td> <td>Db</td> <td>105</td> <td>1968(苏联),1970(美国)* </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">𨭎</a></td> <td>Sg</td> <td>106</td> <td>1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">𨨏</a></td> <td>Bh</td> <td>107</td> <td>1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">𨭆</a></td> <td>Hs</td> <td>108</td> <td>1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">䥑</a></td> <td>Mt</td> <td>109</td> <td>1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">鐽</a></td> <td>Ds</td> <td>110</td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">錀</a></td> <td>Rg</td> <td>111</td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">鎶</a></td> <td>Cn</td> <td>112</td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">鉨</a></td> <td>Nh</td> <td>113</td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">鈇</a></td> <td>Fl</td> <td>114</td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="鏌">鏌</a></td> <td>Mc</td> <td>115</td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">鉝</a></td> <td>Lv</td> <td>116</td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="inline-unihan" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; font-variant: normal;cursor: help; font-family: sans-serif, &#39;FZSongS-Extended&#39;, &#39;FZSongS-Extended(SIP)&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono&#39;, &#39;BabelStone Han&#39;, &#39;HanaMinB&#39;, &#39;FZSong-Extended&#39;, &#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;, Code2002, DFSongStd, &#39;STHeiti SC&#39;, unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, &#39;Plangothic P1&#39;, &#39;Plangothic P2&#39;;" title="字符描述:⿰石田 &#10;※如果您看到空白、方塊或問號,代表您的系統無法顯示此字元。"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">鿬</a></span></td> <td>Ts</td> <td>117</td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫"><span class="inline-unihan" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; font-variant: normal;cursor: help; font-family: sans-serif, &#39;FZSongS-Extended&#39;, &#39;FZSongS-Extended(SIP)&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono&#39;, &#39;BabelStone Han&#39;, &#39;HanaMinB&#39;, &#39;FZSong-Extended&#39;, &#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;, Code2002, DFSongStd, &#39;STHeiti SC&#39;, unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, &#39;Plangothic P1&#39;, &#39;Plangothic P2&#39;;" title="字符描述:⿹气奥 &#10;※如果您看到空白、方塊或問號,代表您的系統無法顯示此字元。">鿫</span></a></td> <td>Og</td> <td>118</td> <td>2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4">* <i>视为共同拥有发现权</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他人工合成元素"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E4.BA.BA.E5.B7.A5.E5.90.88.E6.88.90.E5.85.83.E7.B4.A0"></span>其他人工合成元素</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:其他人工合成元素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>下列元素在自然界中皆有<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%95%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="痕量同位素">痕量</a>的分布,但通常由人工合成方式所产生。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>元素名称</th> <th>元素符号</th> <th>原子序数</th> <th>首次發現年代</th> <th>在自然界中發現之年代</th> <th>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="地殼">地殼</a>中之<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%B1%90%E5%BA%A6" title="化學元素豐度">豐度</a><br />(單位:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72900767">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{border-top:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span role="math" class="sfrac tion"><span class="num">mg</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">kg</span></span>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">锝</a></td> <td>Tc</td> <td>43</td> <td>1937</td> <td>1962</td> <td>~ 3×10<sup>−9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">钷</a></td> <td>Pm</td> <td>61</td> <td>1945</td> <td>1965</td> <td>2×10<sup>−19</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">钋</a></td> <td>Po</td> <td>84</td> <td colspan="2">1898</td> <td>2×10<sup>−10</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%88" class="mw-redirect" title="砈">砈</a></td> <td>At</td> <td>85</td> <td>1940</td> <td>1943</td> <td>3×10<sup>−20</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">钫</a></td> <td>Fr</td> <td>87</td> <td colspan="2">1939</td> <td>~ 1×10<sup>−18</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">锕</a></td> <td>Ac</td> <td>89</td> <td colspan="2">1902</td> <td>5.5×10<sup>−10</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">镤</a></td> <td>Pa</td> <td>91</td> <td colspan="2">1913</td> <td>1.4×10<sup>−6</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">镎</a></td> <td>Np</td> <td>93</td> <td>1940</td> <td>1952</td> <td>≤ 3×10<sup>−12</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">钚</a></td> <td>Pu</td> <td>94</td> <td>1940</td> <td>1941–42</td> <td>≤ 3×10<sup>−11</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑章节:参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kulkarni-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kulkarni_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kulkarni, Mayuri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803141206/https://sciencestruck.com/synthetic-elements">A Complete List of Man-made Synthetic Elements</a>. ScienceStuck. 15 June 2009 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2019&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciencestruck.com/synthetic-elements">原始内容</a>存档于2019-08-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&amp;rft.atitle=A+Complete+List+of+Man-made+Synthetic+Elements&amp;rft.aufirst=Mayuri&amp;rft.aulast=Kulkarni&amp;rft.date=2009-06-15&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ScienceStuck&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsciencestruck.com%2Fsynthetic-elements&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See periodic table <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/06/09/national/science-health/name-nihonium-chosen-thank-japanese-public-support-physicist-says/">here</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220220161358/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/06/09/national/science-health/name-nihonium-chosen-thank-japanese-public-support-physicist-says/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) for example.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220162738/https://www.webelements.com/technetium/history.html">WebElements Periodic Table&#160;» Technetium&#160;» historical information</a>. www.webelements.com. Webelements. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2019&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/technetium/history.html">原始内容</a>存档于2022-02-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&amp;rft.atitle=WebElements+Periodic+Table+%C2%BB+Technetium+%C2%BB+historical+information&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.webelements.com&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Ftechnetium%2Fhistory.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bradford, Alina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407215154/https://www.livescience.com/39871-facts-about-plutonium.html">Facts About Plutonium</a>. LiveScience. 8 December 2016 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2019&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/39871-facts-about-plutonium.html">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-07).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&amp;rft.atitle=Facts+About+Plutonium&amp;rft.aufirst=Alina&amp;rft.aulast=Bradford&amp;rft.date=2016-12-08&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=LiveScience&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F39871-facts-about-plutonium.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Moyer, Bruce A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=NTgjUaLZiDsC&amp;pg=PA120#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction: A Series of Advances, Volume 19</a>. CRC Press. 2009: 120. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781420059700" title="Special:网络书源/9781420059700"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9781420059700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&amp;rft.aufirst=Bruce+A.&amp;rft.aulast=Moyer&amp;rft.btitle=Ion+Exchange+and+Solvent+Extraction%3A+A+Series+of+Advances%2C+Volume+19&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9781420059700&amp;rft.pages=120&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNTgjUaLZiDsC%26pg%3DPA120%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luig-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Luig_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luig_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Luig, Heribert; Keller, Cornelius; Wolf, Walter; Shani, Jashovam; Miska, Horst; Zyball, Alfred; Gervé, Andreas; Balaban, Alexandru T.; Kellerer, Albrecht M. Radionuclides. 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a22_499"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_499</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&amp;rft.atitle=Radionuclides&amp;rft.au=Balaban%2C+Alexandru+T.&amp;rft.au=Gerv%C3%A9%2C+Andreas&amp;rft.au=Keller%2C+Cornelius&amp;rft.au=Kellerer%2C+Albrecht+M.&amp;rft.au=Miska%2C+Horst&amp;rft.au=Shani%2C+Jashovam&amp;rft.au=Wolf%2C+Walter&amp;rft.au=Zyball%2C+Alfred&amp;rft.aufirst=Heribert&amp;rft.aulast=Luig&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a22_499&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silva-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Silva_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Silva, Robert J. Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean , 编. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100717155410/http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/Fm%20to%20Lr.pdf">The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> <b>3</b> 3rd. Dordrecht: Springer: 1621–1651. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F1-4020-3598-5_13"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_13</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/Fm%20to%20Lr.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2010-07-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&amp;rft.atitle=The+Chemistry+of+the+Actinide+and+Transactinide+Elements&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&amp;rft.aulast=Silva&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.pages=1621-1651&amp;rft.volume=3&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradchem.nevada.edu%2Fclasses%2Frdch710%2Ffiles%2FFm%2520to%2520Lr.pdf&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F1-4020-3598-5_13&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHaire2006" class="citation book">Haire, Richard G. Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium and Lawrencium. Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (编). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements 3rd. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a>. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-4020-3555-1" title="Special:网络书源/1-4020-3555-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;1-4020-3555-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&amp;rft.atitle=Fermium%2C+Mendelevium%2C+Nobelium+and+Lawrencium&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&amp;rft.aulast=Haire&amp;rft.btitle=The+Chemistry+of+the+Actinide+and+Transactinide+Elements&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=1-4020-3555-1&amp;rft.place=Dordrecht%2C+The+Netherlands&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=twwAAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA5">The Transfermium Wars</a>. 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