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href="#概论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 概论 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-概论-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关概论子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-概论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-超重元素的合成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#超重元素的合成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 超重元素的合成 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-超重元素的合成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-衰变和探测" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#衰变和探测"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 衰变和探测 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-衰变和探测-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 歷史 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关歷史子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-失敗的合成嘗試" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#失敗的合成嘗試"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 失敗的合成嘗試 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-失敗的合成嘗試-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-發現" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發現"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 發現 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發現-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-命名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#命名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 命名 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-命名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同位素與核特性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同位素與核特性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 同位素與核特性 </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 氧化態 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氧化態-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化學特性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化學特性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 化學特性 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化學特性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 參見 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 注释 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 參考資料 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考书目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考书目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 参考书目 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考书目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">鉝</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。122种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" > 122种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8A%E1%89%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%88%9E%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ሊቨርሞሪየም – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊቨርሞሪየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Livermorio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिवरमोरियम – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लिवरमोरियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليفرموريوم – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليفرموريوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_(%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%89)" title="ليفرموريوم (عنصر كيماوى) – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليفرموريوم (عنصر كيماوى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoriu" title="Livermoriu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Livermoriu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Ліверморый – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ліверморый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лівэрмор – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лівэрмор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ливерморий – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ливерморий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिवरमोरियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लिवरमोरियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="লিভারমোরিয়াম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিভারমোরিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoriom" title="Livermoriom – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Livermoriom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorij" title="Livermorij – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Livermorij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermori" title="Livermori – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Livermori" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoryum" title="Livermoryum – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Livermoryum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A4%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="لیڤەرمۆریۆم – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیڤەرمۆریۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoriu" title="Livermoriu – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Livermoriu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ливерморий – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ливерморий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifermoriwm" title="Lifermoriwm – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lifermoriwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λιβερμόριο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λιβερμόριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Livermorio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Livermorio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoorium" title="Livermoorium – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Livermoorium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Livermorio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="لیورموریوم – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیورموریوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoorium" title="Livermoorium – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Livermoorium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununhexium" title="Ununhexium – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ununhexium" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoarium" title="Livermoarium – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Livermoarium" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livearm%C3%B3iriam" title="Livearmóiriam – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Livearmóiriam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Livermorio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ליברמוריום – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליברמוריום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिवरमोरियम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिवरमोरियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorij" title="Livermorij – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Livermorij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverm%C3%B3rium" title="Livermórium – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Livermórium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Լիվերմորիում – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիվերմորիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Livermorio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Livermorio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%90%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="リバモリウム – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リバモリウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ლივერმორიუმი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლივერმორიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%A9v%C9%9Br%C9%A9m%C9%94r%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Lɩvɛrɩmɔrɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lɩvɛrɩmɔrɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ливерморий – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ливерморий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅನನ್ಹೆಕ್ಸಿಯಮ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅನನ್ಹೆಕ್ಸಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%B2%84%EB%AA%A8%EB%A5%A8" title="리버모륨 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리버모륨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoriy%C3%BBm" title="Livermoriyûm – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Livermoriyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ливерморий – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ливерморий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoriom" title="Livermoriom – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Livermoriom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverm%C3%B6io" title="Livermöio – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Livermöio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoris" title="Livermoris – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Livermoris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorijs" title="Livermorijs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Livermorijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ливермориум – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ливермориум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ലിവർമോറിയം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിവർമോറിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ливермори – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ливермори" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="अनुनहेक्झियम – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अनुनहेक्झियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ливерморий – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ливерморий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="လီဗာမိုရီယမ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လီဗာမိုရီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिभरमोरियम – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लिभरमोरियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverm%C3%B2ri" title="Livermòri – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Livermòri" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਲਿਵਰਮੋਰੀਅਮ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਵਰਮੋਰੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="उनउनहेक्जियम – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="उनउनहेक्जियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwermor" title="Liwermor – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liwermor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليورموريوم – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ليورموريوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverm%C3%B3rio" title="Livermório – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Livermório" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwirmuryu" title="Liwirmuryu – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Liwirmuryu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoriu" title="Livermoriu – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Livermoriu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoriu" title="Livermoriu – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Livermoriu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ливерморий – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ливерморий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="उनउनहेक्जियम – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="उनउनहेक्जियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverm%C3%B2riu" title="Livermòriu – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Livermòriu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununhexiu" title="Ununhexiu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ununhexiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorijum" title="Livermorijum – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Livermorijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverm%C3%B3rium" title="Livermórium – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Livermórium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorij" title="Livermorij – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Livermorij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifermoriyaam" title="Lifermoriyaam – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Lifermoriyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoriumi" title="Livermoriumi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Livermoriumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ливерморијум – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ливерморијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununheksi" title="Ununheksi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ununheksi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="லிவர்மோரியம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லிவர்மோரியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="లివర్‌మోరియం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లివర్‌మోరియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ливерморий – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ливерморий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ลิเวอร์มอเรียม – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิเวอร์มอเรียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoryum" title="Livermoryum – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Livermoryum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ливерморий – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ливерморий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%89%DB%8B%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A" title="لىۋىرمورىي – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لىۋىرمورىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Ліверморій – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліверморій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="لورموریئم – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لورموریئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoriy" title="Livermoriy – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Livermoriy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorii" title="Livermorii – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Livermorii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermori" title="Livermori – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Livermori" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermoryo" title="Livermoryo – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Livermoryo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鉝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ливермориум – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Ливермориум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鉝" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Livermorium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鉝" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILivambi" title="ILivambi – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ILivambi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p">打印页面</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Livermorium" hreflang="en">维基共享资源</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1304" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g">维基数据项目</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" 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id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-be5e223b" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-be5e223b" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-title" data-noteta-code="zh-hans: 𫟷; zh-hant: 鉝"></div><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Chemistry"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">注意：本页有<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%A5%E9%9F%93%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%A8%E6%84%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="中日韓統一表意文字">Unihan</a>新版汉字：「<span class="plainlinks" style="font-family: sans-serif, 'FZSongS-Extended', 'FZSongS-Extended(SIP)', 'WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono', 'BabelStone Han', 'HanaMinB', 'I.MingCP', 'I.Ming', 'FZSong-Extended', 'Arial Unicode MS', Code2002, DFSongStd, 'STHeiti SC', unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, LastResort;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=9FD4">鿔</a>、<span class="plainlinks" style="font-family: sans-serif, 'FZSongS-Extended', 'FZSongS-Extended(SIP)', 'WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono', 'BabelStone Han', 'HanaMinB', 'I.MingCP', 'I.Ming', 'FZSong-Extended', 'Arial Unicode MS', Code2002, DFSongStd, 'STHeiti SC', unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, LastResort;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=9FEC">鿬</a>、<span class="plainlinks" style="font-family: sans-serif, 'FZSongS-Extended', 'FZSongS-Extended(SIP)', 'WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono', 'BabelStone Han', 'HanaMinB', 'I.MingCP', 'I.Ming', 'FZSong-Extended', 'Arial Unicode MS', Code2002, DFSongStd, 'STHeiti SC', unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, LastResort;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=2B4E7">𫓧</a>、<span class="plainlinks" style="font-family: sans-serif, 'FZSongS-Extended', 'FZSongS-Extended(SIP)', 'WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono', 'BabelStone Han', 'HanaMinB', 'I.MingCP', 'I.Ming', 'FZSong-Extended', 'Arial Unicode MS', Code2002, DFSongStd, 'STHeiti SC', unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, LastResort;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=2B7F7">𫟷</a>」，這些字符可能會<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%82%E7%A2%BC" title="亂碼">错误显示</a>，詳见<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unicode%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="Wikipedia:Unicode扩展汉字">Unicode扩展汉字</a>。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r77235331">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]>.wikitable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox .periodictable{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]{width:calc(100% - 20px)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]>div{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output 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.Yuansuzhouqibiao_polyatomic_predicted{background-color:#d0ffe1}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal{background-color:#a0ffa0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal_predicted{background-color:#d3ffd3}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen{background-color:#ffff99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen_predicted{background-color:#ffffd6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas{background-color:#c0ffff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas_predicted{background-color:#ddffff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_supercritical_atom{background-color:#f4f4c6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_supercritical_atom_predicted{background-color:#f4f4c6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_no_electron{background-color:#d0d0d0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_s_block{background-color:#ff6699}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_s_block_predicted{background-color:#FBD}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_p_block{background-color:#99ccff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_p_block_predicted{background-color:#CEF}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_d_block{background-color:#ccff99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_d_block_predicted{background-color:#DFC}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block{background-color:#90ffb0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block_predicted{background-color:#C7FFD7}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block{background-color:#66ffcc}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block_predicted{background-color:#BFE}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block{background-color:#ffcc66}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block_predicted{background-color:#FDA}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block{background-color:#F0908C}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block_predicted{background-color:#F0B6B4}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown{background-color:#e8e8e8}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_error_type{background-color:#000000}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_null{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_maybe_not_exist{background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_none_type{background-color:#c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_gas{color:green}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_liquid{color:blue}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_solid{color:black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknow_phase{color:grey}</style><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">氫（非金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">鋰（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">鈹（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">硼（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">氟（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">氖（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">鈉（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">鎂（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">鋁（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">矽（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">氯（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">氬（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">鉀（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">鈣（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">鈧（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">鈦（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">釩（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">鉻（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">錳（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">鐵（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">鈷（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">鎳（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">銅（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">鋅（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">鎵（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">鍺（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">砷（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">溴（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">氪（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">銣（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">鍶（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">釔（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">鋯（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">鈮（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">鉬（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">鎝（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">釕（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">銠（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">鈀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">鎘（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">銦（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">錫（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">銻（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">碘（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">氙（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">銫（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">鋇（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">鑭（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">鈰（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">鐠（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">釹（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">鉕（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">釤（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">銪（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">釓（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">鋱（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">鏑（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">鈥（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">鉺（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">銩（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">鐿（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">鎦（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">鉿（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">鉭（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">鎢（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">錸（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">鋨（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">銥（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">鉑（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">鉈（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">鉛（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">鉍（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">釙（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">砈（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">氡（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">鍅（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">鐳（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">錒（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">釷（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">鏷（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">錼（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">鈽（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">鋂（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">鋦（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">鉳（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">鉲（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">鑀（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">鐨（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">鍆（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">鍩（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">鐒（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">鑪（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">𨧀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">𨭎（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">𨨏（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">𨭆（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">䥑（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">鐽（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">錀（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">鎶（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">鉨（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">鈇（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">鏌（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">鉝（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">鿬（預測為鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">鿫（預測為惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%99" class="mw-redirect" title="釙">釙</a> ↑ 鉝 ↓ (Uhh) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">镆</a> ← 鉝 → <a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬"><span class="inline-unihan" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; font-variant: normal;cursor: help; font-family: sans-serif, 'FZSongS-Extended', 'FZSongS-Extended(SIP)', 'WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono', 'BabelStone Han', 'HanaMinB', 'FZSong-Extended', 'Arial Unicode MS', Code2002, DFSongStd, 'STHeiti SC', unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, 'Plangothic P1', 'Plangothic P2';" title="字符描述：⿰石田 
※如果您看到空白、方塊或問號，代表您的系統無法顯示此字元。">鿬</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition_predicted" style="text-align:center; background-color:#cccccc; color:#000000;;">概況</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">名稱·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="元素列表">符號</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0" title="原子序数">序數</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">鉝（Livermorium）·Lv·116</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">元素類別</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">未知 可能為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貧金屬">貧金屬</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">族</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期">週期</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="元素分区">區</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/16%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="16族元素">16</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a>·<a href="/wiki/P%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="P区元素">p</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">標準原子質量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">[293]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%8E%92%E5%B8%83" title="电子排布">电子排布</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">Rn</a>] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4 （預測<a href="#cite_note-Haire-1">[1]</a>） 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6 （預測） <div style="border:0; margin:0 auto;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Electron_shell_116_Livermorium_-_no_label.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="鉝的电子層（2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6 （預測））"><img alt="鉝的电子層（2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6 （預測））" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Electron_shell_116_Livermorium_-_no_label.svg/153px-Electron_shell_116_Livermorium_-_no_label.svg.png" decoding="async" width="153" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Electron_shell_116_Livermorium_-_no_label.svg/230px-Electron_shell_116_Livermorium_-_no_label.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Electron_shell_116_Livermorium_-_no_label.svg/306px-Electron_shell_116_Livermorium_-_no_label.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>鉝的电子層（2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6 （預測））</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition_predicted" style="text-align:center; background-color:#cccccc; color:#000000;;">歷史</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="化學元素發現年表">發現</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%A0%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合核研究所">聯合核研究所</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室">勞倫斯利弗莫爾國家實驗室</a>（2000年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">命名</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室">劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室</a><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-names-114-116-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition_predicted" style="text-align:center; background-color:#cccccc; color:#000000;;">物理性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8_(%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8)" title="相 (物质)">物態</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="固體">固體</a>（預測）<a href="#cite_note-Haire-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-B&K-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E6%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="室溫">室温</a>） 12.9（預測）<a href="#cite_note-Haire-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">g</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%98%E7%B1%B3" title="厘米">cm</a>−3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="汽化热">汽化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">42（预测）<a href="#cite_note-Fricke1975-4">[4]</a> kJ·mol−1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition_predicted" style="text-align:center; background-color:#cccccc; color:#000000;;">原子性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化态</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2, 4（預測）<a href="#cite_note-Haire-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E8%83%BD" title="电离能">电离能</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">第一：723.6（預測）<a href="#cite_note-Haire-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol−1</a> 第二：1330（预测）<a href="#cite_note-Fricke1975-4">[4]</a> kJ·mol−1 第三：2850（预测）<a href="#cite_note-Fricke1975-4">[4]</a> kJ·mol−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="原子半径">原子半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">183（预测）<a href="#cite_note-Fricke1975-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%B1%B3" title="皮米">pm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="共价半径">共价半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">175（預測）<a href="#cite_note-rsc-5">[5]</a> pm</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition_predicted" style="text-align:center; background-color:#cccccc; color:#000000;;">雜項</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=54100-71-9">54100-71-9</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition_predicted" style="text-align:center; background-color:#cccccc; color:#000000;;">同位素<div style="float:right;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_livermorium_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox livermorium isotopes"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Infobox_livermorium_isotopes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Infobox livermorium isotopes（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Infobox_livermorium_isotopes" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Infobox livermorium isotopes"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="鉝的同位素">鉝的同位素</a> <div> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>（t1/2） </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7#衰变" title="放射性">衰變</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="衰變方式">方式</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E8%83%BD" title="衰变能">能量</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特">MeV</a>） </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">產物</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">290Lv </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="人造同位素">人造</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">9 <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E7%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="毫秒">毫秒</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">11.00<a href="#cite_note-04Og01-6">[6]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">286Fl </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">291Lv </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">人造 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">26 <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E7%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="毫秒">毫秒</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">10.89<a href="#cite_note-04Og01-6">[6]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">287Fl </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">292Lv </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">人造 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">16 <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E7%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="毫秒">毫秒</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">10.80<a href="#cite_note-04Og01-6">[6]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">288Fl </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">293Lv </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">人造 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">70 <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E7%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="毫秒">毫秒</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">10.67<a href="#cite_note-04Og01-6">[6]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">289Fl </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80905552">.mw-parser-output ruby.zy{text-align:justify;text-justify:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rp{user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt{font-feature-settings:"ruby"1;font-size:90%;user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt+rt{padding-left:0.15em}</style><ruby class="zy center"><rb>鉝</rb><rp>（</rp><rt lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">lì</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><a href="#cite_note-中國化學會-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnctst-8">[8]</a>（英語：Livermorium），是一種<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="人工合成元素">人工合成</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>，其<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="化學符號">化學符號</a>为Lv，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序數">原子序數</a>为116。鉝是一種<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>極強的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%87%8D%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="超重元素">超重元素</a>，所有<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>都極短，極為不穩定，其最長壽的已知同位素為鉝-293，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>僅約60<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E7%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="毫秒">毫秒</a>。鉝不出現在自然界中，只能在實驗室內以<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="粒子加速器">粒子加速器</a>人工合成，於2000年用<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="鈣">鈣</a>(48Ca)離子撞擊<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="鋦">鋦</a>而發現。至今約有30個鉝原子被探測到，其中一些為直接合成的，其餘則是<a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">鿫</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">衰變產物</a>。 鉝元素是以<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BD%9B%E6%91%A9%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" title="勞倫斯利佛摩國家實驗室">勞倫斯利佛摩國家實驗室</a>（英語：Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory，LLNL）命名，該實驗室與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%B3" title="杜布纳">杜布納</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%B3%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="杜布纳联合原子核研究所">杜布納聯合原子核研究所</a>合作，在西元2000至2006年之間的實驗中發現了此元素。該實驗室的名稱中包含了它所在的城市之名，即<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="加利福尼亞州">加利福尼亞州</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E4%BD%9B%E6%91%A9_(%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="利佛摩 (加利福尼亞州)">利佛摩</a>；而該城市是以農場主兼地主<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E4%BD%9B%E6%91%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅伯特·利佛摩（页面不存在）">羅伯特·利佛摩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Livermore" class="extiw" title="en:Robert Livermore">Robert Livermore</a>）（英語：Robert Livermore）所命名。此元素的名稱在西元2012年5月30日被<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B4%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%92%8C%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" title="國際純化學和應用化學聯合會">IUPAC</a>採用。<a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-names-114-116-2">[2]</a> 在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="元素週期表">元素週期表</a>中，鉝是位於<a href="/wiki/P%E5%8D%80%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="P區元素">p區</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%90%8E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="锕系后元素">錒系後元素</a>，屬於<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="第7週期">第7週期</a>、<a href="/wiki/16%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="16族元素">第16族</a>（氧族），是已知最重的氧族成員。由於沒有足夠穩定的同位素，因此目前未能通過化學實驗來驗證鉝的性質是否符合<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%99" class="mw-redirect" title="釙">釙</a>的較重<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%B3%BB%E7%89%A9#元素週期表" title="同系物">同族元素</a>。根據計算，鉝的一些特性與其同族的較輕元素（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲</a>、釙）相近，且屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="後過渡金屬">後過渡金屬</a>，儘管計算也顯示鉝的某些性質可能和同族元素有較大差異。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概论">概论</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概论">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64625722">.mw-parser-output .excerpt .selflink{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .excerpt-indicator{border-left:3px solid #c8ccd1;margin:1em 0;padding-left:1em}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink selfref">这个部分摘自：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%87%8D%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0#概论" title="超重元素">超重元素 § 概论</a>[<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E9%87%8D%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&action=edit">编辑</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="超重元素的合成">超重元素的合成</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Excerpt&action=edit&section=T-1" title="编辑章节：超重元素的合成">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Deuterium-tritium_fusion.svg&lang=zh" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="核聚变图示" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Deuterium-tritium_fusion.svg/langzh-220px-Deuterium-tritium_fusion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Deuterium-tritium_fusion.svg/langzh-330px-Deuterium-tritium_fusion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Deuterium-tritium_fusion.svg/langzh-440px-Deuterium-tritium_fusion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98" title="核聚变">核聚变</a>反应的图示。两个原子核融合成一个，并发射出一个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>。在这一刻，这个反应和用来创造新元素的反应是相似的，唯一可能的区别是它有时会释放几个中子，或者根本不释放中子。</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox" style="width: 230px; float: left; clear: left; margin:0 1.5em 1.5em 0;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">外部视频链接</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left;"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> 基于<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亚国立大学">澳大利亚国立大学</a>的计算，核聚变未成功的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YovAFlzFtzg">可视化</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> 超重元素<a href="#cite_note-13">[a]</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a>是在两个不同大小的原子核<a href="#cite_note-16">[b]</a>的聚变中产生的。粗略地说，两个原子核的质量之差越大，两者就越有可能发生反应。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_Bloomberg-17">[15]</a>由较重原子核组成的物质会作為靶子，被较轻原子核的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E6%9D%9F" title="粒子束">粒子束</a>轰击。两个原子核只能在距离足够近的时候，才能<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98" title="核聚变">聚变</a>成一个原子核。原子核都带正电荷，会因为<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E4%BB%91%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="库仑定律">静电排斥力</a>而相互排斥，所以只有两个原子核的距离足够短时，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E6%A0%B8%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="強核力">强核力</a>才能克服这个排斥力并发生聚变。粒子束因此被<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="粒子加速器">粒子加速器</a>大大加速，以使这种排斥力与粒子束的速度相比变得微不足道。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_n+1-18">[16]</a>施加到粒子束上以加速它们的能量可以使它们的速度达到<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%80%9F" title="光速">光速</a>的十分之一。但是，如果施加太多能量，粒子束可能会分崩离析。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_n+1-18">[16]</a> 不过，只是靠得足够近不足以使两个原子核聚变：当两个原子核逼近彼此时，它们通常会融為一體约10−20秒，之後再分開（分開後的原子核不需要和先前相撞的原子核相同），而非形成单一的原子核。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_n+1-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a>这是因为在尝试形成单个原子核的过程中，静电排斥力会撕开正在形成的原子核。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_n+1-18">[16]</a>每一对目标和粒子束的特征在于其<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%AA%E9%9D%A2_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86)" title="截面 (物理)">截面</a>，即两个原子核彼此接近时发生聚变的概率。<a href="#cite_note-21">[c]</a>这种聚变是量子效应的结果，其中原子核可通过<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%A9%BF%E9%9A%A7%E6%95%88%E6%87%89#恆星核聚變" title="量子穿隧效應">量子穿隧效應</a>克服静电排斥力。如果两个原子核可以在该阶段之后保持靠近，则多个核相互作用会导致能量的重新分配和平衡。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_n+1-18">[16]</a> 两个原子核聚变产生的原子核处于非常不稳定，<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_n+1-18">[16]</a>被称为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="复合原子核（页面不存在）">复合原子核</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/compound_nucleus" class="extiw" title="en:compound nucleus">compound nucleus</a>）的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%8F%91%E6%80%81" title="激发态">激发态</a>。<a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a>复合原子核为了达到更稳定的状态，可能会直接<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="裂变">裂变</a>，<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_CzechNuclear-23">[20]</a>或是放出一些<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>来带走激发能量。如果激发能量太小，无法放出中子，复合原子核就会放出<a href="/wiki/%CE%93%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ射线">γ射线</a>来带走激发能量。这个过程会在原子核碰撞后的10−16秒发生，并创造出更稳定的原子核。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_CzechNuclear-23">[20]</a>原子核只有在10−14秒内不<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">衰变</a>，<a href="/wiki/IUPAC/IUPAP%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="IUPAC/IUPAP聯合工作小組">IUPAC/IUPAP联合工作小组</a>才会认为它是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="化学元素">化学元素</a>。这个值大约是原子核得到它的外层<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">电子</a>，显示其化学性质所需的时间。<a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[d]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="衰变和探测">衰变和探测</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Excerpt&action=edit&section=T-2" title="编辑章节：衰变和探测">编辑</a>]</div> 粒子束穿过目标后，会到达下一个腔室——分离室。如果反应产生了新的原子核，它就会存在于这个粒子束中。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_SHEhowvideo-27">[23]</a>在分离室中，新的原子核会从其它核素（原本的粒子束和其它反应产物）中分离，<a href="#cite_note-30">[e]</a>到达<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="半导体探测器（页面不存在）">半导体探测器</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_detector" class="extiw" title="en:Semiconductor detector">Semiconductor detector</a>）后停止。这时标记撞击探测器的确切位置、能量和到达时间。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_SHEhowvideo-27">[23]</a>这个转移需要10−6秒的时间，因此原子核需要存在这么长的时间才能被检测到。<a href="#cite_note-31">[26]</a>若衰变發生，衰變的原子核被再次记录，并测量位置、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="衰变能量">衰变能量</a>和衰变时间。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_SHEhowvideo-27">[23]</a> 原子核的稳定性源自于强核力，但强核力的作用距离很短，随着原子核越来越大，强核力对最外层的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90" title="核子">核子</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">质子</a>和中子）的影响减弱。同时，原子核会被质子之间，范围不受限制的静电排斥力撕裂。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeiser2003432-32">[27]</a>强核力提供的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E8%83%BD" title="核结合能">核结合能</a>以线性增长，而静电排斥力则以原子序数的平方增长。后者增长更快，对重元素和超重元素而言变得越来越重要。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_BrusselsAlpha-33">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-超重元素_BrusselsSF-34">[29]</a>超重元素理论预测<a href="#cite_note-35">[30]</a>及实际观测到<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-36">[31]</a>的主要衰变方式，即<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α衰变</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="自发裂变">自发裂变</a>都是这种排斥引起的。<a href="#cite_note-38">[f]</a>几乎所有会α衰变的核素都有超过210个核子，<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeiser2003433-39">[33]</a>而主要通过自发裂变衰变的最轻核素有238个核子。<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-36">[31]</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E4%BD%8D%E5%8B%A2%E5%A3%98" title="有限位勢壘">有限位势垒</a>在这两种衰变方式中抑制了原子核衰变，但原子核可以隧穿这个势垒，发生衰变。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_BrusselsAlpha-33">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-超重元素_BrusselsSF-34">[29]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apparatus_for_creation_of_superheavy_elements_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Apparatus for creation of superheavy elements" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Apparatus_for_creation_of_superheavy_elements_en.svg/440px-Apparatus_for_creation_of_superheavy_elements_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Apparatus_for_creation_of_superheavy_elements_en.svg/660px-Apparatus_for_creation_of_superheavy_elements_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Apparatus_for_creation_of_superheavy_elements_en.svg/880px-Apparatus_for_creation_of_superheavy_elements_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption>基于在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%B3%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="杜布纳联合原子核研究所">杜布纳联合原子核研究所</a>中设置的杜布纳充气反冲分离器，用于产生超重元素的装置方案。在检测器和光束聚焦装置内的轨迹会因为前者的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A3%81%E5%81%B6%E6%9E%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="磁偶极（页面不存在）">磁偶极</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_dipole" class="extiw" title="en:Magnetic dipole">Magnetic dipole</a>）和后者的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E6%9E%81%E7%A3%81%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四极磁体（页面不存在）">四极磁体</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrupole_magnet" class="extiw" title="en:Quadrupole magnet">Quadrupole magnet</a>）而改变。<a href="#cite_note-40">[34]</a></figcaption></figure> 放射性衰变中常产生α粒子是因为α粒子中的核子平均质量足够小，足以使α粒子有多余能量离开原子核。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeiser2003432–433-41">[35]</a>自发裂变则是由静电排斥力将原子核撕裂而致，会产生各种不同的产物。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_BrusselsSF-34">[29]</a>随着原子序数增加，自发裂变迅速变得重要：自发裂变的部分半衰期从92号元素<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%80" class="mw-redirect" title="铀">铀</a>到102号元素<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">锘</a>下降了23个数量级，<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_Oganessian12-42">[36]</a>从90号元素<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">钍</a>到100号元素<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">镄</a>下降了30个数量级。<a href="#cite_note-43">[37]</a>早期的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%BB%B4%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="液滴模型">液滴模型</a>因此表明有约280个核子的原子核的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98%E5%8A%BF%E5%9E%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="裂变势垒（页面不存在）">裂变势垒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fission_barrier" class="extiw" title="en:Fission barrier">Fission barrier</a>）会消失，因此自发裂变会立即发生。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_BrusselsSF-34">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-超重元素_Oganessian04-44">[38]</a>之后的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%A3%B3%E5%B1%82%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="核壳层模型">核壳层模型</a>表明有大约300个核子的原子核将形成一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%B2%9B" title="稳定岛">稳定岛</a>，其中的原子核不易发生自发裂变，而是会发生半衰期更长的α衰变。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_BrusselsSF-34">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-超重元素_Oganessian04-44">[38]</a>随后的发现表明预测存在的稳定岛可能比原先预期的更远，还发现长寿命锕系元素和稳定岛之间的原子核发生变形，获得额外的稳定性。<a href="#cite_note-45">[39]</a>对较轻的超重核素<a href="#cite_note-46">[40]</a>以及那些更接近稳定岛的核素<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_Oganessian12-42">[36]</a>的实验发现它们比先前预期的更难发生自发裂变，表明核壳层效应变得重要。<a href="#cite_note-47">[g]</a> α衰变由发射出去的α粒子记录，在原子核衰变之前就能确定衰变产物。如果α衰变或连续的α衰变产生了已知的原子核，则可以很容易地确定反应的原始产物。<a href="#cite_note-51">[h]</a>因为连续的α衰变都会在同一个地方发生，所以通过确定衰变发生的位置，可以确定衰变彼此相关。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_SHEhowvideo-27">[23]</a>已知的原子核可以通过它经历的衰变的特定特征来识别，例如衰变能量（或更具体地说，发射粒子的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%83%BD" title="动能">动能</a>）。<a href="#cite_note-52">[i]</a>然而，自发裂变会产生各种分裂产物，因此无法从其分裂产物确定原始核素。<a href="#cite_note-55">[j]</a> 嘗試合成超重元素的物理学家可以获得的信息是探测器收集到的信息，即原子核到达探测器的位置、能量、时间以及它衰变的信息。他们分析这些数据并试图得出结论，確認它确实是由新元素引起的。如果提供的数据不足以得出创造出来的核素确实是新元素的结论，且对观察到的现象没有其它解释，就可能在解释数据时出现错误。<a href="#cite_note-61">[k]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史">歷史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：歷史">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="失敗的合成嘗試">失敗的合成嘗試</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：失敗的合成嘗試">编辑</a>]</div> 對116號元素的第一次搜尋，是由Ken Hulet與他的團隊在西元1977年於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BD%9B%E6%91%A9%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" title="勞倫斯利佛摩國家實驗室">勞倫斯利佛摩國家實驗室</a>（LLNL）執行，他們利用了248Cm與48Ca的反應，但當時偵測不到任何鉝原子。<a href="#cite_note-62">[51]</a>1978年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%8A%A0%E6%B6%85%E7%9B%B8" title="尤里·奥加涅相">尤里·奧加涅相</a>與他的團隊也在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%B3%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="杜布纳联合原子核研究所">杜布納聯合原子核研究所</a>的Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR)嘗試做該反應，但也沒有成功。1985年，柏克萊與Peter Armbruster在GSI的團隊合作實驗，實驗結果也是否定的，該次實驗中計算出的截面極限是10–100皮靶。然而，在杜布納，與48Ca有關的反應持續在進行（48Ca已被證明在用natPb+48Ca的反應合成<a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="鍩">鍩</a>的實驗中很有用）。西元1989年，超重元素分離器被開發出來。西元1990年，開始了靶材料的尋找及與LLNL的合作。西元1996年，開始生產更高強度的48Ca粒子束。西元1990年代，完成了靈敏度高出3個數量級的長期實驗的準備。這些工作直接導致了有錒系元素靶與48Ca的反應中，元素112至118的新同位素的產生，也導致了元素週期表中最重的五個元素（<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">鈇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="鏌">鏌</a>、鉝、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">鿬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">鿫</a>）的發現。<a href="#cite_note-63">[52]</a> 1995年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigurd_Hofmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigurd Hofmann（页面不存在）">Sigurd Hofmann</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigurd_Hofmann" class="extiw" title="en:Sigurd Hofmann">Sigurd Hofmann</a>）領導的國際團隊在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%A7%86%E6%96%BD%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="達姆施塔特">達姆施塔特</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A5%E5%A7%86%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%B9%E9%87%8D%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="亥姆霍兹重离子研究中心">Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung</a> (GSI) 嘗試合成116號元素。他們執行鉛-208的靶與硒-82的入射粒子之間的輻射捕獲反應。在反應之中，複合核以純粹的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="伽馬射線">伽馬發射</a>（不發射中子）而去激發。此反應並無偵測到116號元素的原子。<a href="#cite_note-64">[53]</a> 1998年尾，波兰物理学家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%8E%AB%E8%98%AD%E6%A5%9A%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅伯特·斯莫蘭楚克（页面不存在）">羅伯特·斯莫蘭楚克</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Smola%C5%84czuk" class="extiw" title="en:Robert Smolańczuk">Robert Smolańczuk</a>）发表了合成包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">118</a>和116号元素在内的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%87%8D%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="超重元素">超重元素</a>的计算。<a href="#cite_note-Smolanczuk-65">[54]</a>计算显示在严格控制的环境下，<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">铅</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">氪</a>的核聚变可以产生这两个元素。<a href="#cite_note-Smolanczuk-65">[54]</a>1999年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室">劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室</a>利用这些预测，宣布合成了118和116号元素，并把论文发布到《<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E8%AF%84%E8%AE%BA%E5%BF%AB%E6%8A%A5" title="物理评论快报">物理评论快报</a>》，<a href="#cite_note-Ninov83.1104-66">[55]</a>不久后结果登上《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6_(%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A)" title="科学 (期刊)">科学</a>》。<a href="#cite_note-67">[56]</a>研究团队宣称成功完成以下<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="核反应">核反应</a>： <dl><dd>86 36Kr + 208 82Pb → 293 118Og + <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子"> n </a></dd> <dd>293 118Og → 289 116Lv + <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Α粒子">α</a></dd></dl> 翌年，由于其它实验室及劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室本身都未能重复这些结果，研究团队因此撤稿。<a href="#cite_note-68">[57]</a>2002年6月，实验室主任宣布原先两个元素的发现结果建立在第一作者<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB" title="维克托·尼诺夫">维克托·尼诺夫</a>所假造的数据上。<a href="#cite_note-69">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="發現">發現</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：發現">编辑</a>]</div> 2000年7月19日，位於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%B3" title="杜布纳">杜布納</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%A0%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合核研究所">聯合核研究所</a>（JINR）的科學家使用48<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">Ca</a>離子撞擊248<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">Cm</a>目標，探測到鉝原子的一次α衰變，能量為10.54 MeV。結果於2000年12月發佈。<a href="#cite_note-00Og01-71">[60]</a>由於292Lv的衰變產物和已知的288<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">Fl</a>關聯，因此這次衰變起初被認為源自292Lv。然而其後科學家把288Fl更正為289Fl，所以衰變來源292Lv也順應更改到293Lv。他們於2001年4至5月進行了第二次實驗，再發現兩個鉝原子。<a href="#cite_note-03Pa01-72">[61]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \,_{20}^{48}\mathrm {Ca} +\,_{96}^{248}\mathrm {Cm} \to \,_{116}^{296}\mathrm {Lv} ^{*}\to \,_{116}^{293}\mathrm {Lv} +3\,_{0}^{1}\mathrm {n} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>20</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>48</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>96</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>248</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msubsup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>116</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>296</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msubsup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>116</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>293</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msubsup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \,_{20}^{48}\mathrm {Ca} +\,_{96}^{248}\mathrm {Cm} \to \,_{116}^{296}\mathrm {Lv} ^{*}\to \,_{116}^{293}\mathrm {Lv} +3\,_{0}^{1}\mathrm {n} }</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/753accd01926cf1f5452e4d753bc00c8a00ed52e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:41.194ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \,_{20}^{48}\mathrm {Ca} +\,_{96}^{248}\mathrm {Cm} \to \,_{116}^{296}\mathrm {Lv} ^{*}\to \,_{116}^{293}\mathrm {Lv} +3\,_{0}^{1}\mathrm {n} }"></dd></dl> 在同樣的實驗裏，研究人員探測到<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">鈇</a>的衰變，並將此次衰變活動指定到289Fl。<a href="#cite_note-03Pa01-72">[61]</a>在重複進行相同的實驗後，他們並沒有觀測到該衰變反應。這可能是來自鉝的同核異能素293bLv的衰變，或是293aLv的一條較罕見的衰變支鏈。這須進行進一步研究才能確認。 研究團隊在2005年4月至5月重複進行實驗，並探測到8個鉝原子。衰變數據證實所發現的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a>是293Lv。同時他們也通過4n通道第一次觀測到292Lv。<a href="#cite_note-04Og01-6">[6]</a> 2009年5月，聯合工作組在報告中指明，發現了的<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">鎶</a>同位素包括283Cn。<a href="#cite_note-73">[62]</a>283Cn是291Lv的衰變產物，因此該報告意味著291Lv也被正式發現（見下）。 2011年6月11日，<a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a>證實了鉝的存在。<a href="#cite_note-74">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="命名">命名</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：命名">编辑</a>]</div> 鉝的原文名稱Livermorium（Lv），是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B4%94%E7%B2%B9%E8%88%87%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="國際純粹與應用化學聯合會">IUPAC</a>在2012年5月30日正式命名的<a href="#cite_note-75">[64]</a>。之前IUPAC根据<a href="/wiki/IUPAC%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC元素系統命名法">系統命名法</a>将之命名为Ununhexium（Uuh）<a href="#cite_note-iupac-76">[65]</a>。科學家通常稱之為“元素116”（或E116）。 此前鉝被提議以俄羅斯<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%B7%9E" title="莫斯科州">莫斯科州</a>（Moscow Oblast）名为Moscovium，但由于元素114和116是俄罗斯和美国<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="勞倫斯利福摩爾國家實驗室">劳伦斯利福摩尔国家实验室</a>研究人员合作的产物，而元素114已经根据俄罗斯的要求命名，因此元素116最后以实验室所在地<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E4%BD%9B%E6%91%A9_(%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="利佛摩 (加利福尼亞州)">利弗莫尔市</a>（Livermore）命名为Livermorium（Lv）<a href="#cite_note-E114&116-77">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-livescience-78">[67]</a>。 2012年6月2日，中华民国<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="國家教育研究院">國家教育研究院</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E%E5%AF%A9%E8%AD%AF%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化學名詞審譯委員會（页面不存在）">化學名詞審譯委員會</a>將此元素暫譯為鉝。<a href="#cite_note-中國化學會-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnctst-8">[8]</a> 2013年7月，中華人民共和國<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D%E5%AE%A1%E5%AE%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="全国科学技术名词审定委员会">全國科學技術名詞審定委員會</a>通過以<span class="inline-unihan" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; font-variant: normal;cursor: help; font-family: sans-serif, 'FZSongS-Extended', 'FZSongS-Extended(SIP)', 'WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono', 'BabelStone Han', 'HanaMinB', 'FZSong-Extended', 'Arial Unicode MS', Code2002, DFSongStd, 'STHeiti SC', unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, 'Plangothic P1', 'Plangothic P2';" title="字符描述：⿰钅立 
※如果您看到空白、方塊或問號，代表您的系統無法顯示此字元。">𫟷（读音同「立」）為中文定名。<a href="#cite_note-cnctst-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="同位素與核特性">同位素與核特性</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：同位素與核特性">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="鉝的同位素">鉝的同位素</a></div> 目前已知的<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="鉝的同位素">鉝的同位素</a>共有5個，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E6%95%B8" title="質量數">質量數</a>为288及290-293，全部都具有極高的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>極短，極為不穩定。愈重的同位素穩定性愈高，因為它們更接近<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%A9%E5%AE%9A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="穩定島">穩定島</a>的中心，其中最長壽的同位素為鉝-293，半衰期為53毫秒，也是目前發現最重的鉝同位素。此外，未經證實的更重同位素鉝-294可能也具有較長的半衰期，約為54毫秒。<a href="#cite_note-79">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="预测性质">预测性质</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：预测性质">编辑</a>]</div> 由於鉝的生產極為昂貴且每次的產量皆極少，產出的鉝又會在極短時間內發生衰變，因此目前除了核特性外，尚未利用實驗測量過任何鉝或其化合物的化學屬性，只能通過理論來預測。<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg-80">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="物理与原子性质">物理与原子性质</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：物理与原子性质">编辑</a>]</div> 鉝是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">氧族元素</a>，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表">元素周期表</a>中位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲</a>、钋之下。所有氧族元素都有六粒<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B7%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="价电子">价电子</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%9E%84%E5%9E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="电子构型">电子构型</a>ns2np4。鉝预测也和其它氧族元素一样有六粒价电子，电子构型7s27p4，<a href="#cite_note-Haire-1">[1]</a>因此性质与较轻的同族元素相似。不过，由于鉝的电子速度比同族元素快，接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%80%9F" title="光速">光速</a>，因此变得明显的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B-%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="自旋-轨道作用">自旋-轨道作用</a>会影响鉝的性质。<a href="#cite_note-Thayer-81">[70]</a>它降低了鉝原子7s、7p电子能级的能量，使它们稳定，但有两个7p电子能级比另外四个更稳定。<a href="#cite_note-Faegri-82">[71]</a>使7s电子变得稳定的现象叫<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="惰性电子对效应">惰性电子对效应</a>，使7p电子能级分裂成较稳定与较不稳定部分的现象则叫亚层分裂。计算化学家把较稳定与较不稳定部分分别称为7p1/2和7p3/2。7p1/2电子能级会变成第二对惰性电子对，而7p3/2电子能级则可容易地参与化学反应。<a href="#cite_note-Haire-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thayer-81">[70]</a>大部分理论预测都会把鉝的电子构型写成7s2 7p2 1/27p2 3/2，以显示7p电子能级的分裂。<a href="#cite_note-Haire-1">[1]</a> 鉝的惰性电子对效应应该比钋强，因此其+2<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化态</a>会比+4氧化态稳定。鉝预测的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E8%83%BD" title="电离能">电离能</a>反映了这点，第三电离能（电离了惰性的7p1/2电子）会远高于第二电离能，而第五电离能也会远高于第四电离能。<a href="#cite_note-Fricke1975-4">[4]</a>鉝的7s电子的稳定性将会使它无法达到+6氧化态。<a href="#cite_note-Haire-1">[1]</a>鉝的<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E7%82%B9" title="沸点">沸点</a>预测会延续氧族元素的趋势，熔点比钋高，但沸点比钋低。<a href="#cite_note-B&K-3">[3]</a>它有与钋类似的α相和β相，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>预测比钋高（α-Lv 12.9 g/cm3，α-Po 9.2 g/cm3）。<a href="#cite_note-Fricke1975-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[72]</a>鉝的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E6%B0%A2%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="类氢原子">类氢原子</a>（只剩一粒电子的原子，即Lv115+）中的电子速度极快，会由于<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="相对论量子化学">相对论效应</a>而有静止电子1.86倍的重量。作为比较，钋和碲的这个值分别是1.26和1.080。<a href="#cite_note-Thayer-81">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="化學屬性">化學屬性</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：化學屬性">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="氧化態">氧化態</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：氧化態">编辑</a>]</div> 鉝預計為7p系<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="非金屬">非金屬</a>的第4個元素，並是元素週期表中16族（VIA）最重的成員，位於<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%99" class="mw-redirect" title="釙">釙</a>之下。尽管它是7p系元素中理论研究最少的，它的化学性质预测类似钋。<a href="#cite_note-Fricke1975-4">[4]</a>這一族的氧化態為+VI，缺少<a href="/wiki/D%E8%BB%8C%E5%9F%9F" title="D軌域">d軌域</a>，无法形成<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E4%BB%B7%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="超价分子">超价分子</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>除外。氧的最高氧化态只到 +2 ，存在于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A7" title="二氟化氧">OF2</a>（理论上存在的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%9F%F0%A8%A6%A1" title="三氟𨦡">三氟𨦡</a>的氧化态为 +4）<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%99" class="mw-redirect" title="釙">釙</a>的氧化態都是+IV，穩定性由S(IV)和Se(IV)的還原性到Po(IV)的氧化性。Te(IV)是碲最穩定的氧化態。这表明了相对论效应，尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="惰性电子对效应">惰性电子对效应</a>对元素性质的影响越来越大。因此，随着元素周期表中<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">氧族元素</a>的下降，较高氧化态的稳定性也跟着下降。 <a href="#cite_note-Thayer-81">[70]</a>因此，鉝應有不稳定，有氧化性的+IV態，以及最穩定的+II態。同族其他元素亦能產生−II態，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氧化物">氧化物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="硫化物">硫化物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="硒化物">硒化物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="碲化物">碲化物</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="钋化物">釙化物</a>。鉝的+2氧化态应该与<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">铍</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">镁</a>一样容易形成，而+4氧化态只有在和电负性极高的基团反应才能得到，例如四氟化鉝 (LvF4)。<a href="#cite_note-Haire-1">[1]</a>鉝的 +6 氧化态应该不存在，因为7s轨道非常稳定，使得鉝可能只有四颗价电子。<a href="#cite_note-Fricke1975-4">[4]</a>较轻的氧族元素可以形成−2氧化态，存在于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氧化物">氧化物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="硫化物">硫化物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="硒化物">硒化物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="碲化物">碲化物</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="钋化物">钋化物</a>中。由于鉝的 7p3/2 壳层变得不稳定，它的−2氧化态会非常不稳定。这使得鉝应该只能形成阳离子，<a href="#cite_note-Haire-1">[1]</a>尽管与钋相比，鉝更大的壳层和能量分裂会使得Lv2-的不稳定程度略低于预期。 <a href="#cite_note-Thayer-81">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="化學特性">化學特性</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：化學特性">编辑</a>]</div> 鉝的化學特性能從<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%99" class="mw-redirect" title="釙">釙</a>的特性推算出來。因此，它應在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96" title="氧化">氧化</a>後產生二氧化鉝（LvO2）。三氧化鉝（LvO3）也有可能產生，但可能性較低。在氧化鉝（LvO）中，鉝會展現出+II氧化態的穩定性。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="氟化">氟化</a>後它可能會產生四氟化鉝（LvF4）和/或二氟化鉝（LvF2）。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96" title="氯化">氯化</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="溴化">溴化</a>後會產生二氯化鉝（LvCl2）和二溴化鉝（LvBr2）。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">碘</a>對其氧化後一定不會產生比二碘化鉝（LvI2）更重的化合物，甚至可能完全不發生反應。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">[來源請求]</a> 氢化鉝 (LvH2) 将会是最重的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="氧族元素氢化物">氧族元素氢化物</a>，也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">H2O</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="硫化氢">H2S</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="硒化氢">H2Se</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="碲化氢">H2Te</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="钋化氢">PoH2</a>)的同系物。钋化氢比大部分金属氢化物<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="共价">共价</a>，因为钋介于<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属">金属</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="类金属">类金属</a>之间，还有一些非金属的性质。它的性质介于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="卤化氢">卤化氢</a>，像是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="氯化氢">氯化氢</a>（HCl）和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="金属氢化物">金属氢化物</a>，像是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%94%A1%E7%83%B7" title="甲锡烷">甲锡烷</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">Sn</a>H4)之间。氢化鉝将会继续这个趋势。比起是一种鉝化物，它更可能是一种氢化物，不过它还是一种<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子型</a>化合物。<a href="#cite_note-Nash-84">[73]</a> 自旋-轨道作用会使Lv–H键比单纯靠<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%BE%8B" title="元素周期律">元素周期律</a>推测的长，也会使H–Lv–H的键角比预测的更大。从理论上讲，这是因为未被占用的8s轨道能量较低，并且可以与鉝的7p轨道发生<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E6%9D%82%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="轨道杂化">轨道杂化</a>。 <a href="#cite_note-Nash-84">[73]</a> 这种现象被称为“超价轨道杂化”， <a href="#cite_note-Nash-84">[73]</a> 在周期表里并不少见。例如，分子型<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%88%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="二氟化鈣">二氟化钙</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">钙</a>原子有4s和3d参与的轨道杂化。 <a href="#cite_note-85">[74]</a> 鉝的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="卤化物">二卤化物</a>将会是<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E7%BA%BF%E5%BD%A2%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%9E%84%E5%9E%8B" title="直线形分子构型">直线形</a>的，不过更轻的氧族元素的二卤化物是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%BD%A2%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%9E%8B" title="角形分子構型">角形</a>的。<a href="#cite_note-86">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見">參見</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：參見">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%A9%E5%AE%9A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="穩定島">穩定島</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释">注释</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：注释">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;"> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> 在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="核物理学">核物理学</a>中，原子序高的元素可称为<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="重元素">重元素</a>，如82号元素<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">铅</a>。超重元素通常指原子序大于<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="铹">103</a>（也有大于100<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>或112<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>的定义）的元素。有定义认为超重元素等同于<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%90%8E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="锕系后元素">锕系后元素</a>，因此认为还未发现的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="超锕系元素">超锕系元素</a>不是超重元素。<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> 2009年，由尤里·奥加涅相引领的团队发表了他们尝试通过对称的136Xe + 136Xe反应合成𬭶的结果。他们未能在这个反应中观察到单个原子，因此设置截面，即发生核反应的概率的上限为2.5 <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%B6%E6%81%A9" title="靶恩">pb</a>。<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a>作为比较，发现𬭶的反应208Pb + 58Fe的截面为19+19 -11 pb。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_84Mu01-15">[14]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> 施加到粒子束以加速它的能量也会影响截面。举个例子，在28 14Si + 1 0n → 28 13Al + 1 1p 反应中，截面会从12.3 MeV的370 mb变化成18.3 MeV的160 mb，最高值是13.5 MeV的380 mb。<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> 这个值也是普遍接受的复合原子核寿命上限。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_BerkeleyNoSF-25">[22]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> 分离基于产生的原子核会比未反应的粒子束更慢地通过目标这一点。分离器中包含电场和磁场，它们对运动粒子的影响会因粒子的特定速度而被抵消。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffmanGhiorsoSeaborg2000334-28">[24]</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%B4%A8%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="飞行时间质谱法（页面不存在）">飞行时间质谱法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-of-flight_mass_spectrometry" class="extiw" title="en:Time-of-flight mass spectrometry">Time-of-flight mass spectrometry</a>）和反冲能量的测量也有助于分离，两者结合可以估计原子核的质量。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffmanGhiorsoSeaborg2000335-29">[25]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> 不是所有放射性衰变都是因为静电排斥力导致的，<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Β衰变">β衰变</a>便是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B1%E6%A0%B8%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="弱核力">弱核力</a>导致的。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeiser2003439-37">[32]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> 早在1960年代，人们就已经知道原子核的基态在能量和形状上的不同，也知道核子数为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E6%95%B0_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="幻数 (物理学)">幻数</a>时，原子核就会更稳定。然而，当时人们假设超重元素的原子核因为过于畸形，无法形成核子结构。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_Oganessian12-42">[36]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> 超重元素的原子核的质量通常无法直接测量，所以是根据另一个原子核的质量间接计算得出的。<a href="#cite_note-48">[41]</a>2018年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室">劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室</a>首次直接测量了超重原子核的质量，<a href="#cite_note-49">[42]</a>它的质量是根据转移后原子核的位置确定的（位置有助于确定其轨迹，这与原子核的质荷比有关，因为转移是在有磁铁的情况下完成的）。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_C&EN-50">[43]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> 如果在真空中发生衰变，那么由于孤立系统在衰变前后的总动量<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E9%87%8F#動量守恆定律" title="动量">必须保持守恒</a>，衰变产物也将获得很小的速度。这两个速度的比值以及相应的动能比值与两个质量的比值成反比。衰变能量等于α粒子和衰变产物的已知动能之和。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeiser2003433-39">[33]</a>这些计算也适用于实验，但不同之处在于原子核在衰变后不会移动，因为它与探测器相连。 </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> 自发裂变是由苏联科学家<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%BB%96%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB" title="格奥尔基·弗廖罗夫">格奥尔基·弗廖罗夫</a>发现的，<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_Distillations-53">[44]</a>而他也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%B3%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="杜布纳联合原子核研究所">杜布纳联合原子核研究所</a>的科学家，所以自发裂变就成了杜布纳联合原子核研究所经常讨论的课题。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_coldfusion77-54">[45]</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室">劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室</a>的科学家认为自发裂变的信息不足以声称合成元素，他们认为对自发裂变的研究还不够充分，无法将其用于识别新元素，因为很难确定复合原子核是不是仅喷射中子，而不是质子或α粒子等带电粒子。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_BerkeleyNoSF-25">[22]</a>因此，他们更喜欢通过连续的α衰变将新的同位素与已知的同位素联系起来。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_Distillations-53">[44]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> 举个例子，1957年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9%E7%9C%81" title="斯德哥尔摩省">斯德哥尔摩省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9" title="斯德哥尔摩">斯德哥尔摩</a>的诺贝尔物理研究所错误鉴定102号元素。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_RSC-56">[46]</a>早先没有关于该元素发现的明确声明，所以瑞典、美国、英国发现者将其命名为nobelium。后来证明该鉴定是错误的。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKragh201838–39-57">[47]</a>次年，劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室无法重现瑞典的结果。他们宣布合成了该元素，但后来也被驳回。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKragh201838–39-57">[47]</a>杜布纳联合原子核研究所坚持认为他们第一个发现该元素，并建议把新元素命名为joliotium，<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKragh201840-58">[48]</a>而这个名称也没有被接受（他们后来认为102号元素的命名是仓促的）。<a href="#cite_note-超重元素_1993_responses-59">[49]</a>由于nobelium这个名称在三十年间已被广泛使用，因此没有更名。<a href="#cite_note-60">[50]</a> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料">參考資料</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：參考資料">编辑</a>]</div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Haire-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_1-0">1.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_1-1">1.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_1-2">1.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_1-3">1.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_1-4">1.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_1-5">1.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_1-6">1.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_1-7">1.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_1-8">1.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_1-9">1.09</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_1-10">1.10</a> <cite id="CITEREFHaire2006" 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Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics 10. 2010: 83. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4020-9974-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4020-9974-8">ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-9975-5_2">doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%89%9D&rft.atitle=Relativistic+Effects+and+the+Chemistry+of+the+Heavier+Main+Group+Elements&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.btitle=Relativistic+Methods+for+Chemists&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-9974-8&rft.pages=83&rft.series=Challenges+and+Advances+in+Computational+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4020-9975-5_2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Faegri-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Faegri_82-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Faegri, K.; Saue, T. Diatomic molecules between very heavy elements of group 13 and group 17: A study of relativistic effects on bonding. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Chemical_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Chemical Physics">Journal of Chemical Physics</a>. 2001, 115 (6): 2456. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JChPh.115.2456F">Bibcode:2001JChPh.115.2456F</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1385366">doi:10.1063/1.1385366</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%89%9D&rft.atitle=Diatomic+molecules+between+very+heavy+elements+of+group+13+and+group+17%3A+A+study+of+relativistic+effects+on+bonding&rft.au=Saue%2C+T.&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.aulast=Faegri&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Physics&rft.pages=2456&rft.volume=115&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001JChPh.115.2456F&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1385366&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Eichler, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyclotron.tamu.edu/she2015/assets/pdfs/presentations/Eichler_SHE_2015_TAMU.pdf">Gas phase chemistry with SHE – Experiments</a> (PDF). cyclotron.tamu.edu. Texas A & M University. 2015 [27 April 2017]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329092821/https://cyclotron.tamu.edu/she2015/assets/pdfs/presentations/Eichler_SHE_2015_TAMU.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2023-03-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%89%9D&rft.atitle=Gas+phase+chemistry+with+SHE+%E2%80%93+Experiments&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Eichler&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cyclotron.tamu.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyclotron.tamu.edu%2Fshe2015%2Fassets%2Fpdfs%2Fpresentations%2FEichler_SHE_2015_TAMU.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Nash-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nash_84-0">73.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nash_84-1">73.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nash_84-2">73.2</a> <cite class="citation journal">Nash, Clinton S.; Crockett, Wesley W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://figshare.com/articles/An_Anomalous_Bond_Angle_in_116_H_sub_2_sub_Theoretical_Evidence_for_Supervalent_Hybridization/3227647">An Anomalous Bond Angle in (116)H2. Theoretical Evidence for Supervalent Hybridization.</a>. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2006, 110 (14): 4619–4621 [2020-11-07]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006JPCA..110.4619N">Bibcode:2006JPCA..110.4619N</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16599427">PMID 16599427</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjp060888z">doi:10.1021/jp060888z</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026162926/https://figshare.com/articles/An_Anomalous_Bond_Angle_in_116_H_sub_2_sub_Theoretical_Evidence_for_Supervalent_Hybridization/3227647">存档</a>于2020-10-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%89%9D&rft.atitle=An+Anomalous+Bond+Angle+in+%28116%29H%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E.+Theoretical+Evidence+for+Supervalent+Hybridization.&rft.au=Crockett%2C+Wesley+W.&rft.aufirst=Clinton+S.&rft.aulast=Nash&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=14&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Physical+Chemistry+A&rft.pages=4619-4621&rft.volume=110&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffigshare.com%2Farticles%2FAn_Anomalous_Bond_Angle_in_116_H_sub_2_sub_Theoretical_Evidence_for_Supervalent_Hybridization%2F3227647&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006JPCA..110.4619N&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjp060888z&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16599427&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Greenwood, Norman Neill; Earnshaw, Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/chemistry-of-the-elements/oclc/1040112384">Chemistry of the elements</a>. 2016: 117. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7506-3365-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7506-3365-9">ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1040112384">OCLC 1040112384</a> （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%89%9D&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+Alan&rft.aufirst=Norman+Neill&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+elements&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7506-3365-9&rft.pages=117&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Fchemistry-of-the-elements%2Foclc%2F1040112384&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1040112384&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Van WüLlen, C.; Langermann, N. Gradients for two-component quasirelativistic methods. Application to dihalogenides of element 116. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2007, 126 (11): 114106. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JChPh.126k4106V">Bibcode:2007JChPh.126k4106V</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17381195">PMID 17381195</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.2711197">doi:10.1063/1.2711197</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%89%9D&rft.atitle=Gradients+for+two-component+quasirelativistic+methods.+Application+to+dihalogenides+of+element+116&rft.au=Langermann%2C+N.&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.aulast=Van+W%C3%BCLlen&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Chemical+Physics&rft.pages=114106&rft.volume=126&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007JChPh.126k4106V&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.2711197&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17381195&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考书目">参考书目</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：参考书目">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBeiser2003" class="citation book">Beiser, A. Concepts of modern physics 6th. McGraw-Hill. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-07-244848-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-07-244848-1">ISBN 978-0-07-244848-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/48965418">OCLC 48965418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%89%9D&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.aulast=Beiser&rft.btitle=Concepts+of+modern+physics&rft.date=2003&rft.edition=6th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-07-244848-1&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48965418&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHoffmanGhiorsoSeaborg2000" class="citation book">Hoffman, D. C.; Ghiorso, A.; Seaborg, G. T. The Transuranium People: The Inside Story. World Scientific. 2000. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-78-326244-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-78-326244-1">ISBN 978-1-78-326244-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%89%9D&rft.au=Ghiorso%2C+A.&rft.au=Seaborg%2C+G.+T.&rft.aufirst=D.+C.&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.btitle=The+Transuranium+People%3A+The+Inside+Story&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-78-326244-1&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKragh2018" class="citation book">Kragh, H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromtransuranict0000krag">From Transuranic to Superheavy Elements: A Story of Dispute and Creation</a>. Springer. 2018. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-319-75813-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-319-75813-8">ISBN 978-3-319-75813-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%89%9D&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.aulast=Kragh&rft.btitle=From+Transuranic+to+Superheavy+Elements%3A+A+Story+of+Dispute+and+Creation&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-319-75813-8&rft.pub=Springer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffromtransuranict0000krag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%9D&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>元素鉝在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/116.shtml">洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室</a>的介紹（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Lv.html">EnvironmentalChemistry.com —— 鉝</a>（英文）</li> <li>元素<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/116.htm">鉝</a>在The Periodic Table of Videos（諾丁漢大學）的介紹（英文）</li> <li>元素鉝在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Lv">Peter van der Krogt elements site</a>的介紹（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Lv/index.html">WebElements.com – 鉝</a>（英文）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="元素周期表" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="Template:元素週期表"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="Template talk:元素週期表"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:元素週期表"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="元素周期表" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表">元素周期表</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table class="wraplinks" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83953186"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">IA 1</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱土金属">IIA 2</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">IIIB 3</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素">IVB 4</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">VB 5</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="6族元素">VIB 6</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="7族元素">VIIB 7</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/8%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="8族元素">VIIIB 8</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/9%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="9族元素">VIIIB 9</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/10%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="10族元素">VIIIB 10</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">IB 11</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/12%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="12族元素">IIB 12</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="硼族元素">IIIA 13</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素">IVA 14</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素">VA 15</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">VIA 16</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">VIIA 17</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">VIIIA 18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">1</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">Li</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">B</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">N</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">F</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第3周期元素">3</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">Al</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">Si</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">P</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">K</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">Sc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">Ti</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">V</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">Cr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">Mn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">Fe</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">Co</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">Ni</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">Cu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">Zn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">Ga</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">Ge</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">As</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">Se</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">Br</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第5周期元素">5</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">Rb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">Y</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">Zr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">Nb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">Mo</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">Tc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">Ru</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">Rh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">Pd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">Ag</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">Cd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">In</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">Sn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">Sb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">Te</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">I</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">Cs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">Ba</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">La</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">Ce</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">Pr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">Nd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">Pm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">Sm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">Eu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">Gd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">Tb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">Dy</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">Ho</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">Er</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">Tm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">Yb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">Lu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">Hf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">Ta</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">W</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">Re</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">Os</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">Ir</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">Pt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">Au</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">Hg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">Tl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">Pb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">Bi</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">Po</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">At</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">Fr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">Ra</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">Ac</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">Th</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">Pa</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">U</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">Np</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">Pu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">Am</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">Cm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">Bk</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">Cf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">Es</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">Fm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">Md</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">No</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">Lr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">Rf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">Db</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">Sg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">Bh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">Hs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">Mt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">Ds</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">Rg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">Cn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">Nh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">Fl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">Mc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lv</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">Ts</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="相關項目" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關項目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/0%E8%99%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="0號元素">0號元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="扩展元素周期表">扩展元素周期表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="同位素列表">同位素列表</a></li> <li><a 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