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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Théâtre_des_Champs-Élysées_(1910–1913)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Théâtre des Champs-Élysées (1910–1913)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Théâtre_des_Champs-Élysées_(1910–1913)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cubism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cubism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Cubism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cubism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Influences</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influences-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Influences subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-World_War_I_European_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-World_War_I_European_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pre-World War I European styles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-World_War_I_European_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_and_non-European_civilizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_and_non-European_civilizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ancient and non-European civilizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_and_non-European_civilizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_20th-century_avant-garde_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_20th-century_avant-garde_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Early 20th-century avant-garde movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_20th-century_avant-garde_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts_(1925)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts_(1925)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts (1925)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts_(1925)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Art_Deco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Art_Deco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Late Art Deco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Art_Deco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Painting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sculpture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sculpture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sculpture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monumental_and_public_sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monumental_and_public_sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Monumental and public sculpture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monumental_and_public_sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Studio_sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studio_sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Studio sculpture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studio_sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graphic_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graphic_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Graphic arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graphic_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Styles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zigzag_Moderne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zigzag_Moderne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Zigzag Moderne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zigzag_Moderne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classic_Moderne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classic_Moderne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.2</span> <span>Classic Moderne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classic_Moderne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Streamline_Moderne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Streamline_Moderne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.3</span> <span>Streamline Moderne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Streamline_Moderne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Building types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Skyscrapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skyscrapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1</span> <span>Skyscrapers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skyscrapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Cathedrals_of_Commerce"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Cathedrals_of_Commerce""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.2</span> <span>"Cathedrals of Commerce"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Cathedrals_of_Commerce"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movie_palaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movie_palaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.3</span> <span>Movie palaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movie_palaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decoration_and_motifs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decoration_and_motifs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Decoration and motifs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decoration_and_motifs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Furniture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Furniture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Furniture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Furniture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Textiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Textiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Textiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Textiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Fashion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewelry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewelry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Jewelry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewelry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glass_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glass_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Glass art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glass_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metal_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metal_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Metal art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metal_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Animation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_Deco_architecture_around_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_Deco_architecture_around_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Art Deco architecture around the world</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Art_Deco_architecture_around_the_world-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Art Deco architecture around the world subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Art_Deco_architecture_around_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.1</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.2</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia_and_New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia_and_New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.3</span> <span>Australia and New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia_and_New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.4</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_America_and_the_Caribbean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_America_and_the_Caribbean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.5</span> <span>Central America and the Caribbean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_America_and_the_Caribbean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.6</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.7</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservation_and_neo-Art_Deco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservation_and_neo-Art_Deco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>Preservation and neo-Art Deco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preservation_and_neo-Art_Deco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">26</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> 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</label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Art Deco</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Art Deco" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A" title="فن زخرفي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فن زخرفي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Dec%C3%B3" title="Art Decó – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Art Decó" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar-deko" title="Ar-deko – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ar-deko" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B" title="আর দেকো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর দেকো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80-%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ар-дэко – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ар-дэко" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Артдеко – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Артдеко" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Art Deco" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_deco" title="Art deco – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Art deco" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_deco" title="Art deco – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Art deco" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Αρ Ντεκό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρ Ντεκό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artdekora_stilo" title="Artdekora stilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Artdekora stilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_dec%C3%B3" title="Art decó – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Art decó" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_D%C3%A9co" title="Art Déco – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Art Déco" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%DA%A9%D9%88" title="آرت دکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرت دکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Art Deco" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%EB%8D%B0%EC%BD%94" title="아르데코 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아르데코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80-%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B8" title="Ար-դեկո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ար-դեկո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Art Deco" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_deco" title="Art deco – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Art deco" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8_%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%95" title="אר דקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אר דקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Art Deco" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2-%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="არტ-დეკო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არტ-დეკო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Арт деко – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Арт деко" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Art Deco" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Art Deco" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_deco" title="Art deco – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Art deco" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_deco" title="Arte deco – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Arte deco" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ар деко – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ар деко" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88" title="ارت ديكو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارت ديكو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Art Deco" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_deco" title="Art deco – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Art deco" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%82%B3" title="アール・デコ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アール・デコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_deco" title="Art deco – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Art deco" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_deco" title="Art deco – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Art deco" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_D%C3%A9co" title="Art Déco – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Art Déco" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%B9_%DA%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88" title="آرٹ ڈیکو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آرٹ ڈیکو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Art Deco" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ар-деко – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ар-деко" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Art Deco" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_deco" title="Art deco – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Art deco" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ар деко – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ар деко" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_deco" title="Art deco – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Art deco" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Art déco" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Art Deco" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="எழில்படுக் கலை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எழில்படுக் கலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%8C" title="อลังการศิลป์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อลังการศิลป์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_deco" title="Art deco – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Art deco" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ар-деко – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ар-деко" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Art Deco" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A3%85%E9%A5%B0%E9%A3%8E%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="装饰风艺术 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="装饰风艺术" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%BE%E8%97%9D%E9%A2%A8" title="飾藝風 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="飾藝風" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#F9F9F9;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrysler_Building_1_(4684845155).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Chrysler_Building_1_%284684845155%29.jpg/200px-Chrysler_Building_1_%284684845155%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Chrysler_Building_1_%284684845155%29.jpg/300px-Chrysler_Building_1_%284684845155%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Chrysler_Building_1_%284684845155%29.jpg/400px-Chrysler_Building_1_%284684845155%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2873" data-file-height="4456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#F9F9F9;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chicago_world%27s_fair,_a_century_of_progress,_expo_poster,_1933,_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chicago_world%27s_fair%2C_a_century_of_progress%2C_expo_poster%2C_1933%2C_2.jpg/200px-Chicago_world%27s_fair%2C_a_century_of_progress%2C_expo_poster%2C_1933%2C_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chicago_world%27s_fair%2C_a_century_of_progress%2C_expo_poster%2C_1933%2C_2.jpg/300px-Chicago_world%27s_fair%2C_a_century_of_progress%2C_expo_poster%2C_1933%2C_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chicago_world%27s_fair%2C_a_century_of_progress%2C_expo_poster%2C_1933%2C_2.jpg/400px-Chicago_world%27s_fair%2C_a_century_of_progress%2C_expo_poster%2C_1933%2C_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2450" data-file-height="3660" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#F9F9F9;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoire_2_by_Rene_Lalique_Toyota_Automobile_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Victoire_2_by_Rene_Lalique_Toyota_Automobile_Museum.jpg/200px-Victoire_2_by_Rene_Lalique_Toyota_Automobile_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Victoire_2_by_Rene_Lalique_Toyota_Automobile_Museum.jpg/300px-Victoire_2_by_Rene_Lalique_Toyota_Automobile_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Victoire_2_by_Rene_Lalique_Toyota_Automobile_Museum.jpg/400px-Victoire_2_by_Rene_Lalique_Toyota_Automobile_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption"><b>Top to bottom:</b> <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Building" title="Chrysler Building">Chrysler Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Art Deco architecture of New York City">New York City</a> (1930); poster for the <a href="/wiki/Century_of_Progress" title="Century of Progress">Chicago World's Fair</a> (1933); and <i>Victoire</i> <a href="/wiki/Hood_ornament" title="Hood ornament">hood ornament</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lalique" title="René Lalique">René Lalique</a> at <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Automobile_Museum" title="Toyota Automobile Museum">Toyota Automobile Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (1928)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1910s–1950s</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Global</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Art Deco</b>, short for the French <b><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Arts décoratifs</i></span></b> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Decorative Arts</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a style of visual arts, <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">product design</a>, that first <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_in_Paris" title="Art Deco in Paris">appeared in Paris</a> in the 1910s (just before <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETexier2012128_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETexier2012128-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and flourished in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> during the 1920s to early 1930s. Through styling and design of the exterior and interior of anything from large structures to small objects, including how people look (<a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">clothing</a>, fashion, and jewelry), Art Deco has influenced buildings (from skyscrapers to cinemas), bridges, ships, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">ocean liners</a>, trains, cars, trucks, buses, furniture, and everyday objects including radios and vacuum cleaners.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier196812_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier196812-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Art Deco got its name after the 1925 <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts" title="International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts">International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts</a>) held in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200316_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200316-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Art Deco has its origins in bold geometric forms of the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a>. From its outset, it was influenced by the bright colors of <a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a>, and the exoticized styles of art from <a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_art" title="Indian art">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_art" title="Persian art">Persia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Art of ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_art" title="Ancient Maya art">Maya</a>. </p><p>During its heyday, Art Deco represented luxury, glamour, exuberance and faith in social and technological progress. The movement featured rare and expensive materials, such as ebony and ivory, and exquisite craftsmanship. It also introduced new materials such as <a href="/wiki/Chrome_plating" title="Chrome plating">chrome plating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> and plastic. In New York, the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Building" title="Chrysler Building">Chrysler Building</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Art Deco architecture of New York City">other buildings from the 1920s and 1930s</a> are monuments to the style. The largest concentration of art deco architecture in the world is in <a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach,_Florida" title="Miami Beach, Florida">Miami Beach, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s, during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, Art Deco gradually became more subdued. A sleeker form of the style, called <a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a>, appeared in the 1930s, featuring curving forms and smooth, polished surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Art Deco was a truly international style, but its dominance ended with the beginning of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the rise of the strictly functional and unadorned styles of <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modern architecture</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Style" title="International Style">International Style</a> of architecture that followed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200313–28_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200313–28-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-criticos_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criticos-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Art Deco took its name, short for <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Arts Décoratifs</i></span>, from the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Internationale_des_Arts_D%C3%A9coratifs_et_Industriels_Modernes" class="mw-redirect" title="Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes">International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in 1925,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200316_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200316-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the diverse styles that characterised it had already appeared in Paris and <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> before <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p><p><i>Arts décoratifs</i> was first used in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> in 1858 in the <i>Bulletin de la Société française de photographie</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1868, the <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></i> newspaper used the term <i>objets d'art décoratifs</i> for objects for stage scenery created for the <a href="/wiki/Salle_Le_Peletier" title="Salle Le Peletier">Théâtre de l'Opéra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1875, furniture designers, textile, jewellers, glass-workers, and other craftsmen were officially given the status of artists by the French government. In response, the <i>École royale gratuite de dessin</i> (Royal Free School of Design), founded in 1766 under King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a> to train artists and artisans in crafts relating to the fine arts, was renamed the <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs" title="École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs">École nationale des arts décoratifs</a> (</i>National School of Decorative Arts). It took its present name, ENSAD (<i>École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs</i>), in 1920. </p><p>The actual term <i>art déco</i> did not appear in print until 1966, in the title of the first modern exhibition on the subject, held by the Museum of Decorative Arts in Paris, <i>Les Années 25 : Art déco, Bauhaus, Stijl, Esprit nouveau</i>, which covered a variety of major styles in the 1920s and 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was then used in a 1966 newspaper article by Hillary Gelson in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> (London, 12 November), describing the different styles at the exhibit.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Art Deco gained currency as a broadly applied stylistic label in 1968 when historian <a href="/wiki/Bevis_Hillier" title="Bevis Hillier">Bevis Hillier</a> published the first major academic book on it, <i><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_of_the_20s_and_30s" title="Art Deco of the 20s and 30s">Art Deco of the 20s and 30s</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier196812_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier196812-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He noted that the term was already being used by art dealers, and cites <i>The Times</i> (2 November 1966) and an essay named <i>Les Arts Déco</i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Elle_(magazine)" title="Elle (magazine)">Elle</a></i> magazine (November 1967) as examples.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood2003430_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood2003430-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1971, he organized an exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis Institute of Arts">Minneapolis Institute of Arts</a>, which he details in his book <i>The World of Art Deco</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hillier4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillier4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its time, Art Deco was tagged with other names, like <i>style moderne</i>, <i>Moderne</i>, <i>modernistic</i> or <i>style contemporain</i>, and was not recognized as a distinct and homogenous style.<sup id="cite_ref-criticos_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criticos-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_materials_and_technologies">New materials and technologies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New materials and technologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New materials and technologies, especially <a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a>, were key to the development and appearance of Art Deco. The first concrete house was built in 1853 in the Paris suburbs by François Coignet. In 1877 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Monier" title="Joseph Monier">Joseph Monier</a> introduced the idea of strengthening the concrete with a mesh of iron rods in a grill pattern. In 1893, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Perret" title="Auguste Perret">Auguste Perret</a> built the first concrete garage in Paris, then an apartment building, house, then, in 1913, the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Théâtre des Champs-Élysées">Théâtre des Champs-Élysées</a>. The theatre was denounced by one critic as the "Zeppelin of Avenue Montaigne", an alleged Germanic influence, copied from the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a>. Thereafter, the majority of Art Deco buildings were made of reinforced concrete, which gave greater freedom of form and less need for reinforcing pillars and columns. Perret was also a pioneer in covering the concrete with <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_tile" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceramic tile">ceramic tiles</a>, both for protection and decoration. The architect <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a> first learned the uses of reinforced concrete working as a draftsman in Perret's studio.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECabanne1986225_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECabanne1986225-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other new technologies that were important to Art Deco were new methods in producing <a href="/wiki/Plate_glass" title="Plate glass">plate glass</a>, which was less expensive and allowed much larger and stronger windows, and for mass-producing <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_alloy" title="Aluminium alloy">aluminium</a>, which was used for building and window frames and later, by Corbusier, <a href="/wiki/Warren_McArthur" title="Warren McArthur">Warren McArthur</a>, and others, for lightweight furniture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vienna_Secession_and_Wiener_Werkstätte_(1897–1912)"><span id="Vienna_Secession_and_Wiener_Werkst.C3.A4tte_.281897.E2.80.931912.29"></span>Vienna Secession and Wiener Werkstätte (1897–1912)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vienna Secession and Wiener Werkstätte (1897–1912)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The architects of the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a> (formed 1897), especially <a href="/wiki/Josef_Hoffmann" title="Josef Hoffmann">Josef Hoffmann</a>, had a notable influence on Art Deco. His <a href="/wiki/Stoclet_Palace" title="Stoclet Palace">Stoclet Palace</a>, in Brussels (1905–1911), was a prototype of the Art Deco style, featuring geometric volumes, symmetry, straight lines, concrete covered with marble plaques, finely-sculpted ornament, and lavish interiors, including mosaic friezes by <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Klimt" title="Gustav Klimt">Gustav Klimt</a>. Hoffmann was also a founder of the <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Werkst%C3%A4tte" title="Wiener Werkstätte">Wiener Werkstätte</a> (1903–1932), an association of craftsmen and interior designers working in the new style. This became the model for the <i>Compagnie des arts français</i>, created in 1919, which brought together <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_S%C3%BCe" title="Louis Süe">Louis Süe</a>, the first leading French Art Deco designers and decorators.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETexier20195–7_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETexier20195–7-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Secession_2016,_Vienna.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secession Building in Vienna by Joseph Maria Olbrich (1897–98)"><img alt="Secession Building in Vienna by Joseph Maria Olbrich (1897–98)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Secession_2016%2C_Vienna.jpg/450px-Secession_2016%2C_Vienna.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Secession_2016%2C_Vienna.jpg/675px-Secession_2016%2C_Vienna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Secession_2016%2C_Vienna.jpg/900px-Secession_2016%2C_Vienna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5716" data-file-height="3810" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Secession_Building" title="Secession Building">Secession Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Maria_Olbrich" title="Joseph Maria Olbrich">Joseph Maria Olbrich</a> (1897–98)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 284.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 282.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Penzing_(Wien)_-_Kirche_am_Steinhof_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of St. Leopold in Vienna by Otto Wagner (1903–1907)"><img alt="Church of St. Leopold in Vienna by Otto Wagner (1903–1907)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Penzing_%28Wien%29_-_Kirche_am_Steinhof_%282%29.JPG/424px-Penzing_%28Wien%29_-_Kirche_am_Steinhof_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="283" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Penzing_%28Wien%29_-_Kirche_am_Steinhof_%282%29.JPG/637px-Penzing_%28Wien%29_-_Kirche_am_Steinhof_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Penzing_%28Wien%29_-_Kirche_am_Steinhof_%282%29.JPG/849px-Penzing_%28Wien%29_-_Kirche_am_Steinhof_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3701" data-file-height="2617" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kirche_am_Steinhof" title="Kirche am Steinhof">Church of St. Leopold</a> in Vienna by <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wagner" title="Otto Wagner">Otto Wagner</a> (1903–1907)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 284.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 282.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wien_-_%C3%96sterreichische_Postsparkasse,_Georg-Coch-Platz.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Austrian Postal Savings Bank in Vienna by Wagner (1904–1912)"><img alt="Austrian Postal Savings Bank in Vienna by Wagner (1904–1912)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Wien_-_%C3%96sterreichische_Postsparkasse%2C_Georg-Coch-Platz.JPG/424px-Wien_-_%C3%96sterreichische_Postsparkasse%2C_Georg-Coch-Platz.JPG" decoding="async" width="283" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Wien_-_%C3%96sterreichische_Postsparkasse%2C_Georg-Coch-Platz.JPG/637px-Wien_-_%C3%96sterreichische_Postsparkasse%2C_Georg-Coch-Platz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Wien_-_%C3%96sterreichische_Postsparkasse%2C_Georg-Coch-Platz.JPG/849px-Wien_-_%C3%96sterreichische_Postsparkasse%2C_Georg-Coch-Platz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3937" data-file-height="2784" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Postal_Savings_Bank" title="Austrian Postal Savings Bank">Austrian Postal Savings Bank</a> in Vienna by Wagner (1904–1912)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 358px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 356px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20120923_Brussels_PalaisStoclet_Hoffmann_DSC06725_PtrQs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stoclet Palace in Brussels by Josef Hoffmann (1905–1911)"><img alt="Stoclet Palace in Brussels by Josef Hoffmann (1905–1911)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/20120923_Brussels_PalaisStoclet_Hoffmann_DSC06725_PtrQs.jpg/534px-20120923_Brussels_PalaisStoclet_Hoffmann_DSC06725_PtrQs.jpg" decoding="async" width="356" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/20120923_Brussels_PalaisStoclet_Hoffmann_DSC06725_PtrQs.jpg/800px-20120923_Brussels_PalaisStoclet_Hoffmann_DSC06725_PtrQs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/20120923_Brussels_PalaisStoclet_Hoffmann_DSC06725_PtrQs.jpg/1067px-20120923_Brussels_PalaisStoclet_Hoffmann_DSC06725_PtrQs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5276" data-file-height="2968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stoclet_Palace" title="Stoclet Palace">Stoclet Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> by <a href="/wiki/Josef_Hoffmann" title="Josef Hoffmann">Josef Hoffmann</a> (1905–1911)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 301.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 299.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruxelles_-_Palais_Stoclet_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the Stoclet Palace's façade, made of reinforced concrete covered with marble plaques"><img alt="Detail of the Stoclet Palace's façade, made of reinforced concrete covered with marble plaques" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bruxelles_-_Palais_Stoclet_%286%29.jpg/449px-Bruxelles_-_Palais_Stoclet_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bruxelles_-_Palais_Stoclet_%286%29.jpg/674px-Bruxelles_-_Palais_Stoclet_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bruxelles_-_Palais_Stoclet_%286%29.jpg/898px-Bruxelles_-_Palais_Stoclet_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5132" data-file-height="3430" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the Stoclet Palace's façade, made of reinforced concrete covered with marble plaques</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Society_of_Decorative_Artists_(1901–1945)"><span id="Society_of_Decorative_Artists_.281901.E2.80.931945.29"></span>Society of Decorative Artists (1901–1945)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Society of Decorative Artists (1901–1945)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The emergence of Art Deco was closely connected with the rise in status of decorative artists, who until late in the 19th century were considered simply artisans. The term <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">arts décoratifs</i></span> had been invented in 1875<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, giving the designers of furniture, textiles, and other decoration official status. The <i>Société des artistes décorateurs</i> (Society of Decorative Artists), or SAD, was founded in 1901, and decorative artists were given the same rights of authorship as painters and sculptors. A similar movement developed in Italy. The first international exhibition devoted entirely to the decorative arts, the <i><a href="/wiki/Prima_Esposizione_Internazionale_d%27Arte_Decorativa_Moderna" title="Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna">Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna</a></i>, was held in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> in 1902. Several new magazines devoted to decorative arts were founded in Paris, including <i>Arts et décoration</i> and <i>L'Art décoratif moderne</i>. Decorative arts sections were introduced into the annual salons of the <i>Sociéte des artistes français</i>, and later in the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne">Salon d'Automne</a></i></span>. French nationalism also played a part in the resurgence of decorative arts, as French designers felt challenged by the increasing exports of less expensive German furnishings. In 1911, SAD proposed a major new international exposition of decorative arts in 1912. No copies of old styles would be permitted, only modern works. The exhibit was postponed until 1914; and then, because of the war, until 1925, when it gave its name to the whole family of styles known as "Déco".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood2003165–170_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood2003165–170-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 270px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 268px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Deco_table,_chairs,_carpet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Table and chairs by Maurice Dufrêne and carpet by Paul Follot at the 1912 Salon des artistes décorateurs"><img alt="Table and chairs by Maurice Dufrêne and carpet by Paul Follot at the 1912 Salon des artistes décorateurs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Art_Deco_table%2C_chairs%2C_carpet.jpg/402px-Art_Deco_table%2C_chairs%2C_carpet.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Art_Deco_table%2C_chairs%2C_carpet.jpg/603px-Art_Deco_table%2C_chairs%2C_carpet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Art_Deco_table%2C_chairs%2C_carpet.jpg/803px-Art_Deco_table%2C_chairs%2C_carpet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Table and chairs by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Dufr%C3%AAne" title="Maurice Dufrêne">Maurice Dufrêne</a> and carpet by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Follot" title="Paul Follot">Paul Follot</a> at the 1912 <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_artistes_d%C3%A9corateurs" title="Société des artistes décorateurs">Salon des artistes décorateurs</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E2%80%98Lady_with_Panther%E2%80%99_by_George_Barbier_for_Cartier,_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lady with Panther by George Barbier for Louis Cartier (1914). Display card commissioned by Cartier shows a woman in a Paul Poiret gown."><img alt="Lady with Panther by George Barbier for Louis Cartier (1914). Display card commissioned by Cartier shows a woman in a Paul Poiret gown." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%E2%80%98Lady_with_Panther%E2%80%99_by_George_Barbier_for_Cartier%2C_1914.jpg/234px-%E2%80%98Lady_with_Panther%E2%80%99_by_George_Barbier_for_Cartier%2C_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%E2%80%98Lady_with_Panther%E2%80%99_by_George_Barbier_for_Cartier%2C_1914.jpg/352px-%E2%80%98Lady_with_Panther%E2%80%99_by_George_Barbier_for_Cartier%2C_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%E2%80%98Lady_with_Panther%E2%80%99_by_George_Barbier_for_Cartier%2C_1914.jpg/469px-%E2%80%98Lady_with_Panther%E2%80%99_by_George_Barbier_for_Cartier%2C_1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2724" data-file-height="3485" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Lady with Panther</i> by <a href="/wiki/George_Barbier_(illustrator)" title="George Barbier (illustrator)">George Barbier</a> for <a href="/wiki/Louis_Cartier" title="Louis Cartier">Louis Cartier</a> (1914). Display card commissioned by Cartier shows a woman in a <a href="/wiki/Paul_Poiret" title="Paul Poiret">Paul Poiret</a> gown.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques-%C3%A9mile_ruhlmann,_poltrona_%27oreille_cass%C3%A9e%27,_parigi_1914,_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Armchair by Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann (1914), now in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris"><img alt="Armchair by Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann (1914), now in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Jacques-%C3%A9mile_ruhlmann%2C_poltrona_%27oreille_cass%C3%A9e%27%2C_parigi_1914%2C_01.JPG/264px-Jacques-%C3%A9mile_ruhlmann%2C_poltrona_%27oreille_cass%C3%A9e%27%2C_parigi_1914%2C_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="176" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Jacques-%C3%A9mile_ruhlmann%2C_poltrona_%27oreille_cass%C3%A9e%27%2C_parigi_1914%2C_01.JPG/396px-Jacques-%C3%A9mile_ruhlmann%2C_poltrona_%27oreille_cass%C3%A9e%27%2C_parigi_1914%2C_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Jacques-%C3%A9mile_ruhlmann%2C_poltrona_%27oreille_cass%C3%A9e%27%2C_parigi_1914%2C_01.JPG/529px-Jacques-%C3%A9mile_ruhlmann%2C_poltrona_%27oreille_cass%C3%A9e%27%2C_parigi_1914%2C_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="2084" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Armchair by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Jacques_Ruhlmann" title="Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann">Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann</a> (1914), now in the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a>, Paris</div> </li> </ul> <p>Parisian department stores and fashion designers also played an important part in the rise of Art Deco. Prominent businesses such as silverware firm <a href="/wiki/Christofle" title="Christofle">Christofle</a>, glass designer <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lalique" title="René Lalique">René Lalique</a>, and the jewellers <a href="/wiki/Louis_Cartier" title="Louis Cartier">Louis Cartier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boucheron" title="Boucheron">Boucheron</a> began designing products in more modern styles.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1900, department stores recruited decorative artists to work in their design studios. The decoration of the 1912 <i>Salon d'Automne</i> was entrusted to the department store <i><a href="/wiki/Printemps" title="Printemps">Printemps</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Salon_d'Automne_2012_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salon_d'Automne_2012-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Campbell2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that year it created its own workshop, <i>Primavera</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1920 <i>Primavera</i> employed more than 300 artists, whose styles ranged from updated versions of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_style" title="Louis XIV style">Louis XIV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI</a>, and especially <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_style" title="Louis Philippe style">Louis Philippe</a> furniture made by <a href="/wiki/Louis_S%C3%BCe" title="Louis Süe">Louis Süe</a> and the <i>Primavera</i> workshop, to more modern forms from the workshop of the <i>Au Louvre</i> department store. Other designers, including <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Jacques_Ruhlmann" title="Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann">Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann</a> and Paul Follot, refused to use mass production, insisting that each piece be made individually. The early Art Deco style featured luxurious and exotic materials such as <a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> and silk, very bright colours and stylized <a href="/wiki/Motif_(visual_arts)" title="Motif (visual arts)">motifs</a>, particularly baskets and bouquets of flowers of all colours, giving a modernist look.<sup id="cite_ref-benton165_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benton165-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salon_d'Automne_(1903–1914)"><span id="Salon_d.27Automne_.281903.E2.80.931914.29"></span>Salon d'Automne (1903–1914)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Salon d'Automne (1903–1914)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne">Salon d'Automne</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 282px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scheherazade_(Rimsky-Korsakov)_02_by_L._Bakst_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Set for Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's ballet Sheherazade by Léon Bakst (1910)"><img alt="Set for Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's ballet Sheherazade by Léon Bakst (1910)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Scheherazade_%28Rimsky-Korsakov%29_02_by_L._Bakst_2.jpg/420px-Scheherazade_%28Rimsky-Korsakov%29_02_by_L._Bakst_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Scheherazade_%28Rimsky-Korsakov%29_02_by_L._Bakst_2.jpg/629px-Scheherazade_%28Rimsky-Korsakov%29_02_by_L._Bakst_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Scheherazade_%28Rimsky-Korsakov%29_02_by_L._Bakst_2.jpg/839px-Scheherazade_%28Rimsky-Korsakov%29_02_by_L._Bakst_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1971" data-file-height="1410" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Set for <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov</a>'s ballet <i><a href="/wiki/Scheherazade_(Rimsky-Korsakov)" title="Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)">Sheherazade</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bakst" title="Léon Bakst">Léon Bakst</a> (1910)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Deco_Armchair.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Art Deco armchair made for art collector Jacques Doucet (1912–13)"><img alt="Art Deco armchair made for art collector Jacques Doucet (1912–13)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Art_Deco_Armchair.jpg/224px-Art_Deco_Armchair.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Art_Deco_Armchair.jpg/336px-Art_Deco_Armchair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Art_Deco_Armchair.jpg/448px-Art_Deco_Armchair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Art Deco armchair made for art collector <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doucet_(fashion_designer)" title="Jacques Doucet (fashion designer)">Jacques Doucet</a> (1912–13)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 270px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 268px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Display_at_Salon_D%27Automne_(1913).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Display of early Art Deco furnishings by the Atelier français at the 1913 Salon d'Automne from Art et décoration magazine (1914)"><img alt="Display of early Art Deco furnishings by the Atelier français at the 1913 Salon d'Automne from Art et décoration magazine (1914)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Display_at_Salon_D%27Automne_%281913%29.jpg/402px-Display_at_Salon_D%27Automne_%281913%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Display_at_Salon_D%27Automne_%281913%29.jpg/603px-Display_at_Salon_D%27Automne_%281913%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Display_at_Salon_D%27Automne_%281913%29.jpg/804px-Display_at_Salon_D%27Automne_%281913%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1502" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Display of early Art Deco furnishings by the Atelier français at the 1913 <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne">Salon d'Automne</a></span></span> from <i>Art et décoration</i> magazine (1914)</div> </li> </ul> <p>At its birth between 1910 and 1914, Art Deco was an explosion of colours, featuring bright and often clashing hues, frequently in floral designs, presented in furniture <a href="/wiki/Upholstery" title="Upholstery">upholstery</a>, carpets, screens, wallpaper and fabrics. Many colourful works, including chairs and a table by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Dufr%C3%AAne" title="Maurice Dufrêne">Maurice Dufrêne</a> and a bright Gobelin carpet by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Follot" title="Paul Follot">Paul Follot</a> were presented at the 1912 <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_artistes_d%C3%A9corateurs" title="Société des artistes décorateurs">Salon des artistes décorateurs</a>. In 1912–1913 designer <a href="/wiki/Adrien_Karbowsky" title="Adrien Karbowsky">Adrien Karbowsky</a> made a floral chair with a parrot design for the hunting lodge of art collector <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doucet_(fashion_designer)" title="Jacques Doucet (fashion designer)">Jacques Doucet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The furniture designers Louis Süe and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a> made their first appearance at the 1912 exhibit, under the name of the <i>Atelier français</i>, combining polychromatic fabrics with exotic and expensive materials, including ebony and ivory. After World War I, they became one of the most prominent French interior design firms, producing the furniture for the first-class salons and cabins of the French transatlantic <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">ocean liners</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas199251–55_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas199251–55-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vivid hues of Art Deco came from many sources, including the exotic set designs by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bakst" title="Léon Bakst">Léon Bakst</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a>, which caused a sensation in Paris just before World War I. Some of the colours were inspired by the earlier <a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a> movement led by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>; others by the <a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a> of painters such as <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Sonia Delaunay</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Arwas,_Russell_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arwas,_Russell-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> others by the movement known as <a href="/wiki/Les_Nabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Nabis">Les Nabis</a>, and in the work of symbolist painter Odilon Redon, who designed fireplace screens and other decorative objects. Bright shades were a feature of the work of fashion designer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Poiret" title="Paul Poiret">Paul Poiret</a>, whose work influenced both Art Deco fashion and interior design.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas199251–55_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas199251–55-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duncan_1988_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan_1988-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mackrell_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackrell-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Théâtre_des_Champs-Élysées_(1910–1913)"><span id="Th.C3.A9.C3.A2tre_des_Champs-.C3.89lys.C3.A9es_.281910.E2.80.931913.29"></span>Théâtre des Champs-Élysées (1910–1913)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Théâtre des Champs-Élysées (1910–1913)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_DSC09330.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Théâtre des Champs-Élysées by Auguste Perret at 15, avenue Montaigne, Paris (1910–1913). Reinforced concrete gave architects the ability to create new forms and bigger spaces."><img alt="Théâtre des Champs-Élysées by Auguste Perret at 15, avenue Montaigne, Paris (1910–1913). Reinforced concrete gave architects the ability to create new forms and bigger spaces." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_DSC09330.jpg/400px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_DSC09330.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_DSC09330.jpg/600px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_DSC09330.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_DSC09330.jpg/800px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_DSC09330.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Théâtre des Champs-Élysées">Théâtre des Champs-Élysées</a> by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Perret" title="Auguste Perret">Auguste Perret</a> at 15, avenue Montaigne, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (1910–1913). Reinforced concrete gave architects the ability to create new forms and bigger spaces.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 208px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22La_Danse%22,_bas-relief_d%27Antoine_Bourdelle_(Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs_Elys%C3%A9es,_Paris).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Danse, bas-relief on the façade of the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées by Antoine Bourdelle (1912)"><img alt="La Danse, bas-relief on the façade of the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées by Antoine Bourdelle (1912)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%22La_Danse%22%2C_bas-relief_d%27Antoine_Bourdelle_%28Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs_Elys%C3%A9es%2C_Paris%29.jpg/312px-%22La_Danse%22%2C_bas-relief_d%27Antoine_Bourdelle_%28Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs_Elys%C3%A9es%2C_Paris%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%22La_Danse%22%2C_bas-relief_d%27Antoine_Bourdelle_%28Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs_Elys%C3%A9es%2C_Paris%29.jpg/468px-%22La_Danse%22%2C_bas-relief_d%27Antoine_Bourdelle_%28Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs_Elys%C3%A9es%2C_Paris%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%22La_Danse%22%2C_bas-relief_d%27Antoine_Bourdelle_%28Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs_Elys%C3%A9es%2C_Paris%29.jpg/625px-%22La_Danse%22%2C_bas-relief_d%27Antoine_Bourdelle_%28Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs_Elys%C3%A9es%2C_Paris%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1249" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>La Danse</i>, <a href="/wiki/Relief#Low_relief_or_bas-relief" title="Relief">bas-relief</a> on the façade of the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Bourdelle" title="Antoine Bourdelle">Antoine Bourdelle</a> (1912)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Theatre_Champs_Elysees_35.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, with Bourdelle's bas-reliefs over the stage"><img alt="Interior of the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, with Bourdelle's bas-reliefs over the stage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Theatre_Champs_Elysees_35.jpg/450px-Theatre_Champs_Elysees_35.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Theatre_Champs_Elysees_35.jpg/675px-Theatre_Champs_Elysees_35.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Theatre_Champs_Elysees_35.jpg/900px-Theatre_Champs_Elysees_35.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior of the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, with Bourdelle's bas-reliefs over the stage</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plafond_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_Paris.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dome of the Theater, with Art Deco rose design by Maurice Denis"><img alt="Dome of the Theater, with Art Deco rose design by Maurice Denis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Plafond_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_Paris.JPG/400px-Plafond_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_Paris.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Plafond_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_Paris.JPG/600px-Plafond_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_Paris.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Plafond_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_Paris.JPG/800px-Plafond_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_Paris.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dome of the Theater, with Art Deco rose design by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Denis" title="Maurice Denis">Maurice Denis</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1108px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antoine_Bourdelle,_1910-12,_Apollon_et_sa_m%C3%A9ditation_entour%C3%A9e_des_9_muses_(The_Meditation_of_Apollon_and_the_Muses),_bas-relief,_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs_Elys%C3%A9es_DSC09313.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollon et sa méditation entourée des 9 muses (Apollo and His Meditation Surrounded by the 9 Muses), bas-relief on the façade of the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées by Bourdelle (1910–1912). This work represents one of the earliest examples of what became known as Art Deco sculpture."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Antoine_Bourdelle%2C_1910-12%2C_Apollon_et_sa_m%C3%A9ditation_entour%C3%A9e_des_9_muses_%28The_Meditation_of_Apollon_and_the_Muses%29%2C_bas-relief%2C_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs_Elys%C3%A9es_DSC09313.jpg/1100px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="1100" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Antoine_Bourdelle%2C_1910-12%2C_Apollon_et_sa_m%C3%A9ditation_entour%C3%A9e_des_9_muses_%28The_Meditation_of_Apollon_and_the_Muses%29%2C_bas-relief%2C_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs_Elys%C3%A9es_DSC09313.jpg/1650px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Antoine_Bourdelle%2C_1910-12%2C_Apollon_et_sa_m%C3%A9ditation_entour%C3%A9e_des_9_muses_%28The_Meditation_of_Apollon_and_the_Muses%29%2C_bas-relief%2C_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs_Elys%C3%A9es_DSC09313.jpg/2200px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3607" data-file-height="644" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Antoine_Bourdelle,_1910-12,_Apollon_et_sa_m%C3%A9ditation_entour%C3%A9e_des_9_muses_(The_Meditation_of_Apollon_and_the_Muses),_bas-relief,_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs_Elys%C3%A9es_DSC09313.jpg" title="File:Antoine Bourdelle, 1910-12, Apollon et sa méditation entourée des 9 muses (The Meditation of Apollon and the Muses), bas-relief, Théâtre des Champs Elysées DSC09313.jpg"> </a></div><i>Apollon et sa méditation entourée des 9 muses</i> (<i>Apollo and His Meditation Surrounded by the 9 Muses</i>), bas-relief on the façade of the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées by Bourdelle (1910–1912). This work represents one of the earliest examples of what became known as Art Deco sculpture.</div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Théâtre des Champs-Élysées">Théâtre des Champs-Élysées</a> (1910–1913), by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Perret" title="Auguste Perret">Auguste Perret</a>, was the first landmark Art Deco building completed in Paris. Previously, <a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a> had been used only for industrial and apartment buildings, Perret had built the first modern reinforced-concrete apartment building in Paris on rue Benjamin Franklin in 1903–04. <a href="/wiki/Henri_Sauvage" title="Henri Sauvage">Henri Sauvage</a>, another important future Art Deco architect, built another in 1904 at 7, rue Trétaigne (1904). From 1908 to 1910, the 21-year-old Le Corbusier worked as a draftsman in Perret's office, learning the techniques of concrete construction. Perret's building had clean rectangular form, geometric decoration and straight lines, the future trademarks of Art Deco. The décor of the theatre was also revolutionary; the <a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%A7ade" title="Façade">façade</a> was decorated with <a href="/wiki/High-relief" class="mw-redirect" title="High-relief">high reliefs</a> by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Bourdelle" title="Antoine Bourdelle">Antoine Bourdelle</a>, a dome by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Denis" title="Maurice Denis">Maurice Denis</a>, paintings by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard" title="Édouard Vuillard">Édouard Vuillard</a>, and an Art Deco curtain by <a href="/wiki/Ker-Xavier_Roussel" title="Ker-Xavier Roussel">Ker-Xavier Roussel</a>. The theatre became the venue for many of the first performances of the <a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bevis_Hillier_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bevis_Hillier-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perret and Sauvage became the leading Art Deco architects in Paris in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoisson2009318–319_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoisson2009318–319-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cubism">Cubism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cubism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 286px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 284px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raymond_Duchamp-Villon,_1912,_Projet_d%27h%C3%B4tel,_Maquette_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_Maison_Cubiste,_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes,_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design for the façade of La Maison Cubiste (Cubist House) by Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1912)"><img alt="Design for the façade of La Maison Cubiste (Cubist House) by Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1912)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Projet_d%27h%C3%B4tel%2C_Maquette_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_Maison_Cubiste%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg/426px-Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Projet_d%27h%C3%B4tel%2C_Maquette_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_Maison_Cubiste%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="284" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Projet_d%27h%C3%B4tel%2C_Maquette_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_Maison_Cubiste%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg/640px-Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Projet_d%27h%C3%B4tel%2C_Maquette_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_Maison_Cubiste%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Projet_d%27h%C3%B4tel%2C_Maquette_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_Maison_Cubiste%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg/853px-Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Projet_d%27h%C3%B4tel%2C_Maquette_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_Maison_Cubiste%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2691" data-file-height="1894" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Design for the façade of <i><a href="/wiki/La_Maison_Cubiste" title="La Maison Cubiste">La Maison Cubiste</a></i> (<i>Cubist House</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a> (1912)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raymond_Duchamp-Villon,_1912,_La_Maison_Cubiste_(Cubist_House)_at_the_Salon_d%27Automne,_1912,_detail_of_the_entrance._Photograph_by_Duchamp-Villon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the entrance of La Maison Cubiste at the 1912 Salon d'Automne"><img alt="Detail of the entrance of La Maison Cubiste at the 1912 Salon d'Automne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_La_Maison_Cubiste_%28Cubist_House%29_at_the_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_detail_of_the_entrance._Photograph_by_Duchamp-Villon.jpg/213px-Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_La_Maison_Cubiste_%28Cubist_House%29_at_the_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_detail_of_the_entrance._Photograph_by_Duchamp-Villon.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_La_Maison_Cubiste_%28Cubist_House%29_at_the_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_detail_of_the_entrance._Photograph_by_Duchamp-Villon.jpg/320px-Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_La_Maison_Cubiste_%28Cubist_House%29_at_the_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_detail_of_the_entrance._Photograph_by_Duchamp-Villon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_La_Maison_Cubiste_%28Cubist_House%29_at_the_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_detail_of_the_entrance._Photograph_by_Duchamp-Villon.jpg/427px-Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_La_Maison_Cubiste_%28Cubist_House%29_at_the_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_detail_of_the_entrance._Photograph_by_Duchamp-Villon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="1134" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the entrance of <i>La Maison Cubiste</i> at the 1912 Salon d'Automne</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 279.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 277.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Maison_Cubiste,_Le_Salon_Bourgeois,_Salon_d%27Automne,_1912,_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Le Salon Bourgeois, designed by André Mare inside La Maison Cubiste, in the decorative arts section of the 1912 Salon d'Automne. Metzinger's Femme à l'Éventail can be seen hanging on the left wall."><img alt="Le Salon Bourgeois, designed by André Mare inside La Maison Cubiste, in the decorative arts section of the 1912 Salon d'Automne. Metzinger's Femme à l'Éventail can be seen hanging on the left wall." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg/416px-La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg/624px-La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg/832px-La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="1022" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Le Salon Bourgeois</i>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a> inside <i>La Maison Cubiste</i>, in the decorative arts section of the 1912 Salon d'Automne. Metzinger's <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Femme_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%89ventail" class="mw-redirect" title="Femme à l'Éventail">Femme à l'Éventail</a></i></span> can be seen hanging on the left wall.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 274.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 272.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Josef_Chochol,_1912-13,_Cubist_villa_in_Libu%C5%A1ina_Street_3-49,_Vy%C5%A1ehrad,_Prague,_Czech_Republic.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cubist villa at 3-49 Libušina Street, Vyšehrad (Prague), by Josef Chochol (1912–13). Chochol was one of three Czech architects (members of the Mánes Union of Fine Arts), with Pavel Janák and Josef Gočár, influenced by Cubism."><img alt="Cubist villa at 3-49 Libušina Street, Vyšehrad (Prague), by Josef Chochol (1912–13). Chochol was one of three Czech architects (members of the Mánes Union of Fine Arts), with Pavel Janák and Josef Gočár, influenced by Cubism." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Josef_Chochol%2C_1912-13%2C_Cubist_villa_in_Libu%C5%A1ina_Street_3-49%2C_Vy%C5%A1ehrad%2C_Prague%2C_Czech_Republic.jpg/409px-Josef_Chochol%2C_1912-13%2C_Cubist_villa_in_Libu%C5%A1ina_Street_3-49%2C_Vy%C5%A1ehrad%2C_Prague%2C_Czech_Republic.jpg" decoding="async" width="273" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Josef_Chochol%2C_1912-13%2C_Cubist_villa_in_Libu%C5%A1ina_Street_3-49%2C_Vy%C5%A1ehrad%2C_Prague%2C_Czech_Republic.jpg/613px-Josef_Chochol%2C_1912-13%2C_Cubist_villa_in_Libu%C5%A1ina_Street_3-49%2C_Vy%C5%A1ehrad%2C_Prague%2C_Czech_Republic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Josef_Chochol%2C_1912-13%2C_Cubist_villa_in_Libu%C5%A1ina_Street_3-49%2C_Vy%C5%A1ehrad%2C_Prague%2C_Czech_Republic.jpg/818px-Josef_Chochol%2C_1912-13%2C_Cubist_villa_in_Libu%C5%A1ina_Street_3-49%2C_Vy%C5%A1ehrad%2C_Prague%2C_Czech_Republic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cubist villa at 3-49 Libušina Street, <a href="/wiki/Vy%C5%A1ehrad" title="Vyšehrad">Vyšehrad</a> (Prague), by <a href="/wiki/Josef_Chochol" title="Josef Chochol">Josef Chochol</a> (1912–13). Chochol was one of three Czech architects (members of the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1nes_Union_of_Fine_Arts" title="Mánes Union of Fine Arts">Mánes Union of Fine Arts</a>), with <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Jan%C3%A1k" title="Pavel Janák">Pavel Janák</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josef_Go%C4%8D%C3%A1r" title="Josef Gočár">Josef Gočár</a>, influenced by Cubism.</div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Csaky,_1912,_Danseuse,_Femme_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9ventail,_Femme_%C3%A0_la_cruche,_original_plaster,_photo_from_Csaky_archives_AC.110.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Joseph_Csaky%2C_1912%2C_Danseuse%2C_Femme_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9ventail%2C_Femme_%C3%A0_la_cruche%2C_original_plaster%2C_photo_from_Csaky_archives_AC.110.jpg/170px-Joseph_Csaky%2C_1912%2C_Danseuse%2C_Femme_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9ventail%2C_Femme_%C3%A0_la_cruche%2C_original_plaster%2C_photo_from_Csaky_archives_AC.110.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Joseph_Csaky%2C_1912%2C_Danseuse%2C_Femme_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9ventail%2C_Femme_%C3%A0_la_cruche%2C_original_plaster%2C_photo_from_Csaky_archives_AC.110.jpg/255px-Joseph_Csaky%2C_1912%2C_Danseuse%2C_Femme_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9ventail%2C_Femme_%C3%A0_la_cruche%2C_original_plaster%2C_photo_from_Csaky_archives_AC.110.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Joseph_Csaky%2C_1912%2C_Danseuse%2C_Femme_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9ventail%2C_Femme_%C3%A0_la_cruche%2C_original_plaster%2C_photo_from_Csaky_archives_AC.110.jpg/340px-Joseph_Csaky%2C_1912%2C_Danseuse%2C_Femme_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9ventail%2C_Femme_%C3%A0_la_cruche%2C_original_plaster%2C_photo_from_Csaky_archives_AC.110.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1941" data-file-height="3944" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Danseuse_(Csaky)" title="Danseuse (Csaky)">Danseuse (Femme à l'éventail, Femme à la cruche)</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a> (1912), original plaster, exhibited at the 1912 <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne">Salon d'Automne</a></span></span> and the 1914 <a href="/wiki/Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon des Indépendants">Salon des Indépendants</a>, a proto-Art Deco sculpture</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">art movement</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> appeared in France between 1907 and 1912, influencing the development of Art Deco.<sup id="cite_ref-Bevis_Hillier_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bevis_Hillier-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arwas,_Russell_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arwas,_Russell-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duncan_1988_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan_1988-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>Art Deco Complete: The Definitive Guide to the Decorative Arts of the 1920s and 1930s</i> Alastair Duncan writes "Cubism, in some bastardized form or other, became the lingua franca of the era's decorative artists."<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan_1988_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan_1988-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cubists, themselves under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, were interested in the simplification of forms to their geometric essentials: the cylinder, the sphere, the cone.<sup id="cite_ref-Erle_Lora_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erle_Lora-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goss_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goss-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1912, the artists of the <a href="/wiki/Section_d%27Or" title="Section d'Or">Section d'Or</a> exhibited works considerably more accessible to the general public than the analytical Cubism of Picasso and Braque. The Cubist vocabulary was poised to attract fashion, furniture and interior designers.<sup id="cite_ref-Arwas,_Russell_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arwas,_Russell-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mackrell_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackrell-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goss_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goss-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <i>Art Décoratif</i> section of the 1912 Salon d'Automne, an architectural installation was exhibited known as <i><a href="/wiki/La_Maison_Cubiste" title="La Maison Cubiste">La Maison Cubiste</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The façade was designed by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a>. The décor of the house was by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>La Maison Cubiste</i> was a furnished installation with a façade, a staircase, wrought iron banisters, a bedroom, a living room—the <i>Salon Bourgeois</i>, where paintings by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Laurencin" title="Marie Laurencin">Marie Laurencin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_La_Fresnaye" title="Roger de La Fresnaye">Roger de La Fresnaye</a> were hung.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thousands of spectators at the salon passed through the full-scale model.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The façade of the house, designed by Duchamp-Villon, was not very radical by modern standards; the lintels and pediments had prismatic shapes, but otherwise the façade resembled an ordinary house of the period. For the two rooms, Mare designed the wallpaper, which featured stylized roses and floral patterns, along with upholstery, furniture and carpets, all with flamboyant and colourful motifs. It was a distinct break from traditional décor. The critic Emile Sedeyn described Mare's work in the magazine <i>Art et Décoration</i>: "He does not embarrass himself with simplicity, for he multiplies flowers wherever they can be put. The effect he seeks is obviously one of picturesqueness and gaiety. He achieves it."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas199252_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas199252-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cubist element was provided by the paintings. The installation was attacked by some critics as extremely radical, which helped make for its success.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas199254_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas199254-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This architectural installation was subsequently exhibited at the 1913 <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a>, New York City, Chicago and Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-Arwas,_Russell_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arwas,_Russell-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goss_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goss-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thanks largely to the exhibition, the term "Cubist" began to be applied to anything modern, from women's haircuts to clothing to theater performances."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas199254_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas199254-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cubist influence continued within Art Deco, even as Deco branched out in many other directions.<sup id="cite_ref-Arwas,_Russell_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arwas,_Russell-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duncan_1988_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan_1988-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Cubism's adumbrated geometry became coin of the realm in the 1920s. Art Deco's development of Cubism's selective geometry into a wider array of shapes carried Cubism as a pictorial taxonomy to a much broader audience and wider appeal. (Richard Harrison Martin, Metropolitan Museum of Art)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences">Influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-World_War_I_European_styles">Pre-World War I European styles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pre-World War I European styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Barbier_(1882-1932),_Vaslav_Nijinsky_(1890-1950),_1913_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ballets Russes influences – Drawing of the dancer Vaslav Nijinsky, by Paris fashion artist Georges Barbier (1913)"><img alt="Ballets Russes influences – Drawing of the dancer Vaslav Nijinsky, by Paris fashion artist Georges Barbier (1913)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/George_Barbier_%281882-1932%29%2C_Vaslav_Nijinsky_%281890-1950%29%2C_1913_1.jpg/234px-George_Barbier_%281882-1932%29%2C_Vaslav_Nijinsky_%281890-1950%29%2C_1913_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/George_Barbier_%281882-1932%29%2C_Vaslav_Nijinsky_%281890-1950%29%2C_1913_1.jpg/351px-George_Barbier_%281882-1932%29%2C_Vaslav_Nijinsky_%281890-1950%29%2C_1913_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/George_Barbier_%281882-1932%29%2C_Vaslav_Nijinsky_%281890-1950%29%2C_1913_1.jpg/467px-George_Barbier_%281882-1932%29%2C_Vaslav_Nijinsky_%281890-1950%29%2C_1913_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="935" data-file-height="1020" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a> influences – Drawing of the dancer <a href="/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Vaslav Nijinsky</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> fashion artist <a href="/wiki/Georges_Barbier" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Barbier">Georges Barbier</a> (1913)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 254px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 252px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chest_of_drawers,_by_Jacques_Dubois,_1750-1755_-_Waddesdon_Manor_-_Buckinghamshire,_England_-_DSC07774.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rococo – Chest of drawers, by Jacques Dubois (1750–1755), various wood types and gilt bronze mounts, Waddesdon Manor, Buckinghamshire, UK"><img alt="Rococo – Chest of drawers, by Jacques Dubois (1750–1755), various wood types and gilt bronze mounts, Waddesdon Manor, Buckinghamshire, UK" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chest_of_drawers%2C_by_Jacques_Dubois%2C_1750-1755_-_Waddesdon_Manor_-_Buckinghamshire%2C_England_-_DSC07774.jpg/378px-Chest_of_drawers%2C_by_Jacques_Dubois%2C_1750-1755_-_Waddesdon_Manor_-_Buckinghamshire%2C_England_-_DSC07774.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chest_of_drawers%2C_by_Jacques_Dubois%2C_1750-1755_-_Waddesdon_Manor_-_Buckinghamshire%2C_England_-_DSC07774.jpg/568px-Chest_of_drawers%2C_by_Jacques_Dubois%2C_1750-1755_-_Waddesdon_Manor_-_Buckinghamshire%2C_England_-_DSC07774.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chest_of_drawers%2C_by_Jacques_Dubois%2C_1750-1755_-_Waddesdon_Manor_-_Buckinghamshire%2C_England_-_DSC07774.jpg/756px-Chest_of_drawers%2C_by_Jacques_Dubois%2C_1750-1755_-_Waddesdon_Manor_-_Buckinghamshire%2C_England_-_DSC07774.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4722" data-file-height="3186" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> – Chest of drawers, by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubois" title="Jacques Dubois">Jacques Dubois</a> (1750–1755), various wood types and gilt bronze mounts, <a href="/wiki/Waddesdon_Manor" title="Waddesdon Manor">Waddesdon Manor</a>, Buckinghamshire, UK</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 116.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 114.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Iribe,_cassettiera,_parigi_1919_ca.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rococo influences – Commode, by Paul Iribarne Garay (c. 1912), mahogany and tulip wood frame, slate top, green-tinted shagreen upholstery, ebony knobs, base and garlands, Museum of Decorative Arts, Paris"><img alt="Rococo influences – Commode, by Paul Iribarne Garay (c. 1912), mahogany and tulip wood frame, slate top, green-tinted shagreen upholstery, ebony knobs, base and garlands, Museum of Decorative Arts, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Paul_Iribe%2C_cassettiera%2C_parigi_1919_ca.jpg/172px-Paul_Iribe%2C_cassettiera%2C_parigi_1919_ca.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Paul_Iribe%2C_cassettiera%2C_parigi_1919_ca.jpg/258px-Paul_Iribe%2C_cassettiera%2C_parigi_1919_ca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Paul_Iribe%2C_cassettiera%2C_parigi_1919_ca.jpg/344px-Paul_Iribe%2C_cassettiera%2C_parigi_1919_ca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="2348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rococo influences – Commode, by Paul Iribarne Garay (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1912</span>), mahogany and tulip wood frame, slate top, green-tinted shagreen upholstery, ebony knobs, base and garlands, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée des Arts décoratifs, Paris">Museum of Decorative Arts</a>, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 133.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 131.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Immeuble_21ter_Boulevard_Diderot_-_Paris_XII_(FR75)_-_2023-07-25_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beaux Arts architecture – Boulevard Diderot no. 21, Paris, unknown architect (c. 1910)"><img alt="Beaux Arts architecture – Boulevard Diderot no. 21, Paris, unknown architect (c. 1910)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Immeuble_21ter_Boulevard_Diderot_-_Paris_XII_%28FR75%29_-_2023-07-25_-_2.jpg/197px-Immeuble_21ter_Boulevard_Diderot_-_Paris_XII_%28FR75%29_-_2023-07-25_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Immeuble_21ter_Boulevard_Diderot_-_Paris_XII_%28FR75%29_-_2023-07-25_-_2.jpg/296px-Immeuble_21ter_Boulevard_Diderot_-_Paris_XII_%28FR75%29_-_2023-07-25_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Immeuble_21ter_Boulevard_Diderot_-_Paris_XII_%28FR75%29_-_2023-07-25_-_2.jpg/394px-Immeuble_21ter_Boulevard_Diderot_-_Paris_XII_%28FR75%29_-_2023-07-25_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4322" data-file-height="5593" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Beaux_Arts_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaux Arts architecture">Beaux Arts architecture</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulevard_Diderot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulevard Diderot (page does not exist)">Boulevard Diderot</a> no. 21, Paris, unknown architect (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1910</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 232.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Avenue_de_Versailles_immeuble_Paul_Delaroche_1928.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beaux Arts influences – Avenue de Versailles no. 70–72, Paris, "Modern" decor in an established typology, designed by Paul Delaplace and sculpted by Jean Boucher (1928)"><img alt="Beaux Arts influences – Avenue de Versailles no. 70–72, Paris, "Modern" decor in an established typology, designed by Paul Delaplace and sculpted by Jean Boucher (1928)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Avenue_de_Versailles_immeuble_Paul_Delaroche_1928.jpg/346px-Avenue_de_Versailles_immeuble_Paul_Delaroche_1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="231" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Avenue_de_Versailles_immeuble_Paul_Delaroche_1928.jpg/519px-Avenue_de_Versailles_immeuble_Paul_Delaroche_1928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Avenue_de_Versailles_immeuble_Paul_Delaroche_1928.jpg/692px-Avenue_de_Versailles_immeuble_Paul_Delaroche_1928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2237" data-file-height="1650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beaux Arts influences – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avenue_de_Versailles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avenue de Versailles (page does not exist)">Avenue de Versailles</a> no. 70–72, Paris, "Modern" decor in an established typology, designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Delaplace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Delaplace (page does not exist)">Paul Delaplace</a> and sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Boucher_(artist)" title="Jean Boucher (artist)">Jean Boucher</a> (1928)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 129.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 127.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corner_table_by_Jean-Francois-Therese_Chalgrin,_1770_-_Corcoran_Gallery_of_Art_-_DSC01284.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Louis XVI style – Corner table, by Jean-Francois-Therese Chalgrin (1770), gilded wood, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C."><img alt="Louis XVI style – Corner table, by Jean-Francois-Therese Chalgrin (1770), gilded wood, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Corner_table_by_Jean-Francois-Therese_Chalgrin%2C_1770_-_Corcoran_Gallery_of_Art_-_DSC01284.JPG/191px-Corner_table_by_Jean-Francois-Therese_Chalgrin%2C_1770_-_Corcoran_Gallery_of_Art_-_DSC01284.JPG" decoding="async" width="128" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Corner_table_by_Jean-Francois-Therese_Chalgrin%2C_1770_-_Corcoran_Gallery_of_Art_-_DSC01284.JPG/287px-Corner_table_by_Jean-Francois-Therese_Chalgrin%2C_1770_-_Corcoran_Gallery_of_Art_-_DSC01284.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Corner_table_by_Jean-Francois-Therese_Chalgrin%2C_1770_-_Corcoran_Gallery_of_Art_-_DSC01284.JPG/382px-Corner_table_by_Jean-Francois-Therese_Chalgrin%2C_1770_-_Corcoran_Gallery_of_Art_-_DSC01284.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI style</a> – Corner table, by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Francois-Therese_Chalgrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Francois-Therese Chalgrin">Jean-Francois-Therese Chalgrin</a> (1770), gilded wood, <a href="/wiki/Corcoran_Gallery_of_Art" title="Corcoran Gallery of Art">Corcoran Gallery of Art</a>, Washington, D.C.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 218.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 216.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Deco_dressing_table_(1919-20).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louis XVI style influences – Dressing table and chair set, by Paul Follot (1919), marble and wood encrusted, lacquered and gilded, Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris"><img alt="Louis XVI style influences – Dressing table and chair set, by Paul Follot (1919), marble and wood encrusted, lacquered and gilded, Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Art_Deco_dressing_table_%281919-20%29.jpg/325px-Art_Deco_dressing_table_%281919-20%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="217" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Art_Deco_dressing_table_%281919-20%29.jpg/488px-Art_Deco_dressing_table_%281919-20%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Art_Deco_dressing_table_%281919-20%29.jpg/650px-Art_Deco_dressing_table_%281919-20%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1856" data-file-height="1456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Louis XVI style influences – Dressing table and chair set, by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Follot" title="Paul Follot">Paul Follot</a> (1919), marble and wood encrusted, lacquered and gilded, <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_Paris" title="Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris">Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris</a></span></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 90.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 88.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercury_Pajou_Louvre_RF1624.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neoclassicism – Mercury or The Trade, by Augustin Pajou (1780), marble, Louvre, Paris"><img alt="Neoclassicism – Mercury or The Trade, by Augustin Pajou (1780), marble, Louvre, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mercury_Pajou_Louvre_RF1624.jpg/133px-Mercury_Pajou_Louvre_RF1624.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mercury_Pajou_Louvre_RF1624.jpg/199px-Mercury_Pajou_Louvre_RF1624.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mercury_Pajou_Louvre_RF1624.jpg/266px-Mercury_Pajou_Louvre_RF1624.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2190" data-file-height="4200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a> – <i>Mercury</i> or <i>The Trade</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Pajou" title="Augustin Pajou">Augustin Pajou</a> (1780), marble, <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rockefeller_Center_MAM.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Neoclassical influences – Prometheus, a stylised Art Deco update of classical sculpture, by Paul Manship (1936), gilded bronze, Rockefeller Center, New York City"><img alt="Neoclassical influences – Prometheus, a stylised Art Deco update of classical sculpture, by Paul Manship (1936), gilded bronze, Rockefeller Center, New York City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rockefeller_Center_MAM.JPG/340px-Rockefeller_Center_MAM.JPG" decoding="async" width="227" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rockefeller_Center_MAM.JPG/511px-Rockefeller_Center_MAM.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rockefeller_Center_MAM.JPG/680px-Rockefeller_Center_MAM.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neoclassical influences – <i><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(Manship)" title="Prometheus (Manship)">Prometheus</a></i>, a stylised Art Deco update of classical sculpture, by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manship" title="Paul Manship">Paul Manship</a> (1936), gilded bronze, <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a>, New York City</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 129.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 127.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%B4tel_Guimard_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Art Nouveau – Hôtel Guimard (Avenue Mozart no. 122), Paris, by Hector Guimard (1909)"><img alt="Art Nouveau – Hôtel Guimard (Avenue Mozart no. 122), Paris, by Hector Guimard (1909)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/H%C3%B4tel_Guimard_2019.jpg/191px-H%C3%B4tel_Guimard_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/H%C3%B4tel_Guimard_2019.jpg/287px-H%C3%B4tel_Guimard_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/H%C3%B4tel_Guimard_2019.jpg/382px-H%C3%B4tel_Guimard_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> – <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Guimard_(Art_Nouveau)" title="Hôtel Guimard (Art Nouveau)">Hôtel Guimard</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Avenue_Mozart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avenue Mozart (page does not exist)">Avenue Mozart</a> no. 122), Paris, by <a href="/wiki/Hector_Guimard" title="Hector Guimard">Hector Guimard</a> (1909)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 257.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Avenue_Montaigne_(47128639262).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Art Nouveau influences – Sinuous curves on the façade of Avenue Montaigne no. 26, Paris, by Louis Duhayon and Marcel Julien (1937)[52]"><img alt="Art Nouveau influences – Sinuous curves on the façade of Avenue Montaigne no. 26, Paris, by Louis Duhayon and Marcel Julien (1937)[52]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Avenue_Montaigne_%2847128639262%29.jpg/383px-Avenue_Montaigne_%2847128639262%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Avenue_Montaigne_%2847128639262%29.jpg/575px-Avenue_Montaigne_%2847128639262%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Avenue_Montaigne_%2847128639262%29.jpg/765px-Avenue_Montaigne_%2847128639262%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Art Nouveau influences – Sinuous curves on the façade of <a href="/wiki/Avenue_Montaigne" title="Avenue Montaigne">Avenue Montaigne</a> no. 26, Paris, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Duhayon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Duhayon (page does not exist)">Louis Duhayon</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Julien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Julien (page does not exist)">Marcel Julien</a> (1937)<sup id="cite_ref-pss-archi_eu_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pss-archi_eu-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <p>Art Deco was not a single style, but a collection of different and sometimes contradictory styles. In architecture, Art Deco was the successor to (and reaction against) Art Nouveau, a style which flourished in Europe between 1895 and 1900, and coexisted with the <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> that were predominant in European and American architecture. In 1905 <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Grasset" title="Eugène Grasset">Eugène Grasset</a> wrote and published <i>Méthode de Composition Ornementale, Éléments Rectilignes,</i><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which he systematically explored the decorative (ornamental) aspects of geometric elements, forms, motifs and their variations, in contrast with (and as a departure from) the undulating Art Nouveau style of <a href="/wiki/Hector_Guimard" title="Hector Guimard">Hector Guimard</a>, so popular in Paris a few years earlier. Grasset stressed the principle that various simple geometric shapes like triangles and squares are the basis of all compositional arrangements. The reinforced-concrete buildings of Auguste Perret and Henri Sauvage, and particularly the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Théâtre des Champs-Élysées">Théâtre des Champs-Élysées</a>, offered a new form of construction and decoration which was copied worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_and_non-European_civilizations">Ancient and non-European civilizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ancient and non-European civilizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 289.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 287.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hathor-headed_columns_of_the_Mammisi_(birth_house),_Philae,_Egypt_(49813135922).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient Egyptian art – Vegetal capitals in the courtyard of the Isis Temple, Philae, Egypt, unknown architect (380 BC–117 AD)[55]: 30 "><img alt="Ancient Egyptian art - Vegetal capitals in the courtyard of the Isis Temple, Philae, Egypt, unknown architect, 380 BC–117 AD: 30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/The_Hathor-headed_columns_of_the_Mammisi_%28birth_house%29%2C_Philae%2C_Egypt_%2849813135922%29.jpg/431px-The_Hathor-headed_columns_of_the_Mammisi_%28birth_house%29%2C_Philae%2C_Egypt_%2849813135922%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/The_Hathor-headed_columns_of_the_Mammisi_%28birth_house%29%2C_Philae%2C_Egypt_%2849813135922%29.jpg/646px-The_Hathor-headed_columns_of_the_Mammisi_%28birth_house%29%2C_Philae%2C_Egypt_%2849813135922%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/The_Hathor-headed_columns_of_the_Mammisi_%28birth_house%29%2C_Philae%2C_Egypt_%2849813135922%29.jpg/861px-The_Hathor-headed_columns_of_the_Mammisi_%28birth_house%29%2C_Philae%2C_Egypt_%2849813135922%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian art">Ancient Egyptian art</a> – Vegetal <a href="/wiki/Capital_(architecture)" title="Capital (architecture)">capitals</a> in the courtyard of the Isis Temple, <a href="/wiki/Philae_temple_complex" title="Philae temple complex">Philae</a>, Egypt, unknown architect (380 BC–117 AD)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30">: 30 </span></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robe,_1964.18.1(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Egyptian influences – Dress with lotus flowers inspired by Ancient Egyptian decoration, by Jenny (couturier) and Lesage (embroiderer) (1925), silk, metallic thread, and crocheted embroidery, Musée Galliera, Paris"><img alt="Egyptian influences – Dress with lotus flowers inspired by Ancient Egyptian decoration, by Jenny (couturier) and Lesage (embroiderer) (1925), silk, metallic thread, and crocheted embroidery, Musée Galliera, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Robe%2C_1964.18.1%282%29.jpg/210px-Robe%2C_1964.18.1%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Robe%2C_1964.18.1%282%29.jpg/316px-Robe%2C_1964.18.1%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Robe%2C_1964.18.1%282%29.jpg/420px-Robe%2C_1964.18.1%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4024" data-file-height="5455" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Egyptian influences – Dress with lotus flowers inspired by Ancient Egyptian decoration, by Jenny (couturier) and Lesage (embroiderer) (1925), silk, metallic thread, and crocheted embroidery, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Galliera" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée Galliera">Musée Galliera</a>, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 253.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_ziggurat_at_Ali_Air_Base_Iraq_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mesopotamian art – Ziggurat of Ur in Tell el-Muqayyar, Dhi Qar Province, Iraq, unknown architect (21st century BC)[56]"><img alt="Mesopotamian art – Ziggurat of Ur in Tell el-Muqayyar, Dhi Qar Province, Iraq, unknown architect (21st century BC)[56]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ancient_ziggurat_at_Ali_Air_Base_Iraq_2005.jpg/380px-Ancient_ziggurat_at_Ali_Air_Base_Iraq_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="254" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ancient_ziggurat_at_Ali_Air_Base_Iraq_2005.jpg/571px-Ancient_ziggurat_at_Ali_Air_Base_Iraq_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ancient_ziggurat_at_Ali_Air_Base_Iraq_2005.jpg/760px-Ancient_ziggurat_at_Ali_Air_Base_Iraq_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian art">Mesopotamian art</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ziggurat_of_Ur" title="Ziggurat of Ur">Ziggurat of Ur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Muqayyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tell el-Muqayyar">Tell el-Muqayyar</a>, Dhi Qar Province, Iraq, unknown architect (21st century BC)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Union_building,_Manhattan_jeh_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mesopotamian influences – Western Union Building (Hudson Street no. 60) in New York City, by Voorhees, Gmelin and Walker (1928–1930)"><img alt="Mesopotamian influences – Western Union Building (Hudson Street no. 60) in New York City, by Voorhees, Gmelin and Walker (1928–1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Western_Union_building%2C_Manhattan_jeh_crop.jpg/310px-Western_Union_building%2C_Manhattan_jeh_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Western_Union_building%2C_Manhattan_jeh_crop.jpg/465px-Western_Union_building%2C_Manhattan_jeh_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Western_Union_building%2C_Manhattan_jeh_crop.jpg/620px-Western_Union_building%2C_Manhattan_jeh_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="1702" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mesopotamian influences – <a href="/wiki/60_Hudson_Street" title="60 Hudson Street">Western Union Building</a> (Hudson Street no. 60) in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Voorhees,_Gmelin_and_Walker" title="Voorhees, Gmelin and Walker">Voorhees, Gmelin and Walker</a> (1928–1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yaxchilan_Lintel_24.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pre-Columbian art (in this case Maya) – Yaxchilan Lintel 24 (702 AD), limestone, British Museum, London[57]"><img alt="Pre-Columbian art (in this case Maya) – Yaxchilan Lintel 24 (702 AD), limestone, British Museum, London[57]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Yaxchilan_Lintel_24.jpg/210px-Yaxchilan_Lintel_24.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Yaxchilan_Lintel_24.jpg/315px-Yaxchilan_Lintel_24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Yaxchilan_Lintel_24.jpg/420px-Yaxchilan_Lintel_24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2313" data-file-height="3141" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_art" title="Pre-Columbian art">Pre-Columbian art</a> (in this case <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_art" title="Ancient Maya art">Maya</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Yaxchilan_Lintel_24" title="Yaxchilan Lintel 24">Yaxchilan Lintel 24</a> (702 AD), limestone, <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, London<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 253.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:450_Sutter_St._lobby_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pre-Columbian influences (in this case Maya) – Interior detail of 450 Sutter Street in San Francisco, California, by Timothy L. Pflueger (1929)"><img alt="Pre-Columbian influences (in this case Maya) – Interior detail of 450 Sutter Street in San Francisco, California, by Timothy L. Pflueger (1929)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/450_Sutter_St._lobby_1.JPG/380px-450_Sutter_St._lobby_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="254" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/450_Sutter_St._lobby_1.JPG/571px-450_Sutter_St._lobby_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/450_Sutter_St._lobby_1.JPG/760px-450_Sutter_St._lobby_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pre-Columbian influences (in this case Maya) – Interior detail of <a href="/wiki/450_Sutter_Street" title="450 Sutter Street">450 Sutter Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, California, by <a href="/wiki/Timothy_L._Pflueger" title="Timothy L. Pflueger">Timothy L. Pflueger</a> (1929)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_61.33_Ndop_Portrait_of_King_Mishe_miShyaang_maMbul_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sub-Saharian African (in this case produced in the Kuba Kingdom from present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo) – Ndop of King Mishe miShyaang maMbul (1760–1780), wood, Brooklyn Museum, New York City"><img alt="Sub-Saharian African (in this case produced in the Kuba Kingdom from present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo) – Ndop of King Mishe miShyaang maMbul (1760–1780), wood, Brooklyn Museum, New York City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Brooklyn_Museum_61.33_Ndop_Portrait_of_King_Mishe_miShyaang_maMbul_%285%29.jpg/223px-Brooklyn_Museum_61.33_Ndop_Portrait_of_King_Mishe_miShyaang_maMbul_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Brooklyn_Museum_61.33_Ndop_Portrait_of_King_Mishe_miShyaang_maMbul_%285%29.jpg/335px-Brooklyn_Museum_61.33_Ndop_Portrait_of_King_Mishe_miShyaang_maMbul_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Brooklyn_Museum_61.33_Ndop_Portrait_of_King_Mishe_miShyaang_maMbul_%285%29.jpg/446px-Brooklyn_Museum_61.33_Ndop_Portrait_of_King_Mishe_miShyaang_maMbul_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1203" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sub-Saharian <a href="/wiki/African_art" title="African art">African</a> (in this case produced in the <a href="/wiki/Kuba_Kingdom" title="Kuba Kingdom">Kuba Kingdom</a> from present-day <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Ndop_(Kuba)" title="Ndop (Kuba)">Ndop</a> of King Mishe miShyaang maMbul (1760–1780), wood, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>, New York City</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 149.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 147.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Winter_1930,_L%C3%A9on_Benigni_(1892-1948),_oil_on_canvas,_55.3_x_39.4_cm,_private_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sub-Saharian African influences – Winter 1930, by Léon Benigni, oil on canvas, private collection"><img alt="Sub-Saharian African influences – Winter 1930, by Léon Benigni, oil on canvas, private collection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Winter_1930%2C_L%C3%A9on_Benigni_%281892-1948%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_55.3_x_39.4_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg/221px-Winter_1930%2C_L%C3%A9on_Benigni_%281892-1948%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_55.3_x_39.4_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Winter_1930%2C_L%C3%A9on_Benigni_%281892-1948%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_55.3_x_39.4_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg/331px-Winter_1930%2C_L%C3%A9on_Benigni_%281892-1948%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_55.3_x_39.4_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Winter_1930%2C_L%C3%A9on_Benigni_%281892-1948%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_55.3_x_39.4_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg/441px-Winter_1930%2C_L%C3%A9on_Benigni_%281892-1948%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_55.3_x_39.4_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="798" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sub-Saharian African influences – Winter 1930, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Benigni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Benigni (page does not exist)">Léon Benigni</a>, oil on canvas, private collection</div> </li> </ul> <p>In decoration, many different styles were borrowed and used by Art Deco. They included pre-modern art from around the world and observable at the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée du Louvre">Musée du Louvre</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Homme" title="Musée de l'Homme">Musée de l'Homme</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_des_Arts_d%27Afrique_et_d%27Oc%C3%A9anie" title="Musée national des Arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie">Musée national des Arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie</a>. There was also popular interest in archaeology due to excavations at <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a>, and the tomb of the 18th dynasty Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a>. Artists and designers integrated motifs from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>, Asia, <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a> and Oceania with <a href="/wiki/Machine_Age" title="Machine Age">Machine Age</a> elements.<sup id="cite_ref-Art_Deco_Style_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Art_Deco_Style-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Essential_Art_Deco_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essential_Art_Deco-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Design:_A_Concise_History_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Design:_A_Concise_History-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-University_Times_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_Times-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_20th-century_avant-garde_movements">Early 20th-century avant-garde movements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Early 20th-century avant-garde movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amedeo_Modigliani,_Head_of_a_Woman,_1910-1911,_NGA_46716.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Primitivism – Head of a Woman, by Amedeo Modigliani (1910–11), limestone, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C."><img alt="Primitivism – Head of a Woman, by Amedeo Modigliani (1910–11), limestone, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Amedeo_Modigliani%2C_Head_of_a_Woman%2C_1910-1911%2C_NGA_46716.jpg/224px-Amedeo_Modigliani%2C_Head_of_a_Woman%2C_1910-1911%2C_NGA_46716.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Amedeo_Modigliani%2C_Head_of_a_Woman%2C_1910-1911%2C_NGA_46716.jpg/336px-Amedeo_Modigliani%2C_Head_of_a_Woman%2C_1910-1911%2C_NGA_46716.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Amedeo_Modigliani%2C_Head_of_a_Woman%2C_1910-1911%2C_NGA_46716.jpg/448px-Amedeo_Modigliani%2C_Head_of_a_Woman%2C_1910-1911%2C_NGA_46716.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2988" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a> – <i>Head of a Woman</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Amedeo Modigliani</a> (1910–11), limestone, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>, Washington, D.C.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bust_for_a_shop_window,_by_an_anonymous_Belgian_artist,_circa_1920,_painted_papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9,_private_collection,_Cologne.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Primitivist influences – Bust for a shop window, anonymous Belgian artist (c. 1920), painted papier-mâché, private collection, Cologne, Germany"><img alt="Primitivist influences – Bust for a shop window, anonymous Belgian artist (c. 1920), painted papier-mâché, private collection, Cologne, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bust_for_a_shop_window%2C_by_an_anonymous_Belgian_artist%2C_circa_1920%2C_painted_papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9%2C_private_collection%2C_Cologne.jpg/217px-Bust_for_a_shop_window%2C_by_an_anonymous_Belgian_artist%2C_circa_1920%2C_painted_papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9%2C_private_collection%2C_Cologne.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bust_for_a_shop_window%2C_by_an_anonymous_Belgian_artist%2C_circa_1920%2C_painted_papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9%2C_private_collection%2C_Cologne.jpg/326px-Bust_for_a_shop_window%2C_by_an_anonymous_Belgian_artist%2C_circa_1920%2C_painted_papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9%2C_private_collection%2C_Cologne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bust_for_a_shop_window%2C_by_an_anonymous_Belgian_artist%2C_circa_1920%2C_painted_papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9%2C_private_collection%2C_Cologne.jpg/434px-Bust_for_a_shop_window%2C_by_an_anonymous_Belgian_artist%2C_circa_1920%2C_painted_papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9%2C_private_collection%2C_Cologne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2655" data-file-height="3667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Primitivist influences – Bust for a shop window, anonymous Belgian artist (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1920</span>), painted <a href="/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9" title="Papier-mâché">papier-mâché</a>, private collection, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_Rietveld_Schr%C3%B6der_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="De Stijl – Rietveld Schröder House in Utrecht, Netherlands, by Gerrit Rietveld (1924)[64]"><img alt="De Stijl – Rietveld Schröder House in Utrecht, Netherlands, by Gerrit Rietveld (1924)[64]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Casa_Rietveld_Schr%C3%B6der_02.jpg/450px-Casa_Rietveld_Schr%C3%B6der_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Casa_Rietveld_Schr%C3%B6der_02.jpg/675px-Casa_Rietveld_Schr%C3%B6der_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Casa_Rietveld_Schr%C3%B6der_02.jpg/900px-Casa_Rietveld_Schr%C3%B6der_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Rietveld_Schr%C3%B6der_House" title="Rietveld Schröder House">Rietveld Schröder House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a>, Netherlands, by <a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld" title="Gerrit Rietveld">Gerrit Rietveld</a> (1924)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavillon_du_tourisme_de_Robert_Mallet-Stevens_(UAM,_Centre_Pompidou,_Paris)_(43200558625).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="De Stijl influences – Pavillon du Tourisme, by Robert Mallet-Stevens, International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts, Paris (1925)[65]"><img alt="De Stijl influences – Pavillon du Tourisme, by Robert Mallet-Stevens, International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts, Paris (1925)[65]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Pavillon_du_tourisme_de_Robert_Mallet-Stevens_%28UAM%2C_Centre_Pompidou%2C_Paris%29_%2843200558625%29.jpg/214px-Pavillon_du_tourisme_de_Robert_Mallet-Stevens_%28UAM%2C_Centre_Pompidou%2C_Paris%29_%2843200558625%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Pavillon_du_tourisme_de_Robert_Mallet-Stevens_%28UAM%2C_Centre_Pompidou%2C_Paris%29_%2843200558625%29.jpg/321px-Pavillon_du_tourisme_de_Robert_Mallet-Stevens_%28UAM%2C_Centre_Pompidou%2C_Paris%29_%2843200558625%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Pavillon_du_tourisme_de_Robert_Mallet-Stevens_%28UAM%2C_Centre_Pompidou%2C_Paris%29_%2843200558625%29.jpg/428px-Pavillon_du_tourisme_de_Robert_Mallet-Stevens_%28UAM%2C_Centre_Pompidou%2C_Paris%29_%2843200558625%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2082" data-file-height="2915" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>De Stijl</i> influences – Pavillon du Tourisme, by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mallet-Stevens" title="Robert Mallet-Stevens">Robert Mallet-Stevens</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts" title="International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts">International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts</a>, Paris (1925)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 153.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pablo_Picasso,_1909-10,_Figure_dans_un_Fauteuil_(Seated_Nude,_Femme_nue_assise),_oil_on_canvas,_92.1_x_73_cm,_Tate_Modern,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cubism – Figure dans un Fauteuil (Seated Nude, Femme nue assise), by Pablo Picasso (1909–10), oil on canvas, Tate Modern, London"><img alt="Cubism – Figure dans un Fauteuil (Seated Nude, Femme nue assise), by Pablo Picasso (1909–10), oil on canvas, Tate Modern, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8f/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909-10%2C_Figure_dans_un_Fauteuil_%28Seated_Nude%2C_Femme_nue_assise%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.1_x_73_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg/230px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909-10%2C_Figure_dans_un_Fauteuil_%28Seated_Nude%2C_Femme_nue_assise%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.1_x_73_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8f/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909-10%2C_Figure_dans_un_Fauteuil_%28Seated_Nude%2C_Femme_nue_assise%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.1_x_73_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg/345px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909-10%2C_Figure_dans_un_Fauteuil_%28Seated_Nude%2C_Femme_nue_assise%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.1_x_73_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8f/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909-10%2C_Figure_dans_un_Fauteuil_%28Seated_Nude%2C_Femme_nue_assise%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.1_x_73_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg/460px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909-10%2C_Figure_dans_un_Fauteuil_%28Seated_Nude%2C_Femme_nue_assise%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.1_x_73_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> – <i>Figure dans un Fauteuil (Seated Nude, Femme nue assise)</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> (1909–10), oil on canvas, <a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a>, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 286px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 284px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cubic_coffee_service_-_Erik_Magnussen_(27986651569).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cubist influences – Cubic coffee service, by Erik Magnussen (1927), silver, in a temporary exhibition called the "Jazz Age" at the Cleveland Museum of Art, US"><img alt="Cubist influences – Cubic coffee service, by Erik Magnussen (1927), silver, in a temporary exhibition called the "Jazz Age" at the Cleveland Museum of Art, US" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cubic_coffee_service_-_Erik_Magnussen_%2827986651569%29.jpg/426px-Cubic_coffee_service_-_Erik_Magnussen_%2827986651569%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="284" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cubic_coffee_service_-_Erik_Magnussen_%2827986651569%29.jpg/639px-Cubic_coffee_service_-_Erik_Magnussen_%2827986651569%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cubic_coffee_service_-_Erik_Magnussen_%2827986651569%29.jpg/852px-Cubic_coffee_service_-_Erik_Magnussen_%2827986651569%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1762" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cubist influences – Cubic coffee service, by <a href="/wiki/Erik_Magnussen_(silversmith)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erik Magnussen (silversmith)">Erik Magnussen</a> (1927), silver, in a temporary exhibition called the "<a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a>" at the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a>, US</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 252px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Klinom_Krasnym_Bej_Belych.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Constructivism – Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge, by El Lissitzky (1919–1920), lithographic poster, Russian State Library, Moscow"><img alt="Constructivism – Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge, by El Lissitzky (1919–1920), lithographic poster, Russian State Library, Moscow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Klinom_Krasnym_Bej_Belych.JPG/375px-Klinom_Krasnym_Bej_Belych.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Klinom_Krasnym_Bej_Belych.JPG/563px-Klinom_Krasnym_Bej_Belych.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Klinom_Krasnym_Bej_Belych.JPG/750px-Klinom_Krasnym_Bej_Belych.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3360" data-file-height="2688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Beat_the_Whites_with_the_Red_Wedge" title="Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge">Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/El_Lissitzky" title="El Lissitzky">El Lissitzky</a> (1919–1920), lithographic poster, <a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Library" title="Russian State Library">Russian State Library</a>, Moscow</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 140px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 138px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_-_Jean_Goulden_(38866282265).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Constructivist influences – Clock, decorated with flat geometric shapes, by Jean Goulden (1928), silvered bronze with enamel, Stephen E. Kelly Collection[66]"><img alt="Constructivist influences – Clock, decorated with flat geometric shapes, by Jean Goulden (1928), silvered bronze with enamel, Stephen E. Kelly Collection[66]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Clock_-_Jean_Goulden_%2838866282265%29.jpg/207px-Clock_-_Jean_Goulden_%2838866282265%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Clock_-_Jean_Goulden_%2838866282265%29.jpg/310px-Clock_-_Jean_Goulden_%2838866282265%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Clock_-_Jean_Goulden_%2838866282265%29.jpg/413px-Clock_-_Jean_Goulden_%2838866282265%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1723" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Constructivist influences – Clock, decorated with flat geometric shapes, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Goulden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Goulden (page does not exist)">Jean Goulden</a> (1928), silvered bronze with enamel, Stephen E. Kelly Collection<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolis-new-tower-of-babel.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Expressionist theatre and film – Scene from Metropolis, by Fritz Lang (1927)"><img alt="Expressionist theatre and film – Scene from Metropolis, by Fritz Lang (1927)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/28/Metropolis-new-tower-of-babel.png" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Expressionism_(theatre)" title="Expressionism (theatre)">Expressionist theatre</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">film</a> – Scene from <i><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)" title="Metropolis (1927 film)">Metropolis</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a> (1927)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 286.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 284.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stitched_Panorama_of_the_Apollo_theatre_near_Victoria,_London_167_(5058015607).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Influences of the Expressionist theatre and film – Interior of the Apollo Victoria Theatre in London, by Ernest Wamsley Lewis (1928–1930)[67]"><img alt="Influences of the Expressionist theatre and film – Interior of the Apollo Victoria Theatre in London, by Ernest Wamsley Lewis (1928–1930)[67]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Stitched_Panorama_of_the_Apollo_theatre_near_Victoria%2C_London_167_%285058015607%29.jpg/427px-Stitched_Panorama_of_the_Apollo_theatre_near_Victoria%2C_London_167_%285058015607%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Stitched_Panorama_of_the_Apollo_theatre_near_Victoria%2C_London_167_%285058015607%29.jpg/640px-Stitched_Panorama_of_the_Apollo_theatre_near_Victoria%2C_London_167_%285058015607%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Stitched_Panorama_of_the_Apollo_theatre_near_Victoria%2C_London_167_%285058015607%29.jpg/853px-Stitched_Panorama_of_the_Apollo_theatre_near_Victoria%2C_London_167_%285058015607%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5342" data-file-height="3759" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Influences of the Expressionist theatre and film – Interior of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Victoria_Theatre" title="Apollo Victoria Theatre">Apollo Victoria Theatre</a> in London, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Wamsley_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Wamsley Lewis (page does not exist)">Ernest Wamsley Lewis</a> (1928–1930)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_a_gradinata_con_ascensori_dai_quattro_piani_stradali_1914-_Sant%27Elia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Futurism – Staircase house with elevators from four street levels, part of La Città Nuova, by Antonio Sant'Elia (1914), ink and pencil on paper, Musei Civici, Como, Italy[68]"><img alt="Futurism – Staircase house with elevators from four street levels, part of La Città Nuova, by Antonio Sant'Elia (1914), ink and pencil on paper, Musei Civici, Como, Italy[68]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Casa_a_gradinata_con_ascensori_dai_quattro_piani_stradali_1914-_Sant%27Elia.jpg/292px-Casa_a_gradinata_con_ascensori_dai_quattro_piani_stradali_1914-_Sant%27Elia.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Casa_a_gradinata_con_ascensori_dai_quattro_piani_stradali_1914-_Sant%27Elia.jpg/439px-Casa_a_gradinata_con_ascensori_dai_quattro_piani_stradali_1914-_Sant%27Elia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Casa_a_gradinata_con_ascensori_dai_quattro_piani_stradali_1914-_Sant%27Elia.jpg/585px-Casa_a_gradinata_con_ascensori_dai_quattro_piani_stradali_1914-_Sant%27Elia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="718" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> – Staircase house with elevators from four street levels, part of <i>La Città Nuova</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Sant%27Elia" title="Antonio Sant'Elia">Antonio Sant'Elia</a> (1914), ink and pencil on paper, Musei Civici, <a href="/wiki/Como" title="Como">Como</a>, Italy<sup id="cite_ref-criticos67_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criticos67-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 307.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 305.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:25_Rue_du_Laos_Pary%C5%BC,_%C3%8Ele-de-France_(50594191012).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Futurist influences – Rue du Laos no. 25 in Paris, by Charles Thomas (1930)[68]"><img alt="Futurist influences – Rue du Laos no. 25 in Paris, by Charles Thomas (1930)[68]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/25_Rue_du_Laos_Pary%C5%BC%2C_%C3%8Ele-de-France_%2850594191012%29.jpg/458px-25_Rue_du_Laos_Pary%C5%BC%2C_%C3%8Ele-de-France_%2850594191012%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="306" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/25_Rue_du_Laos_Pary%C5%BC%2C_%C3%8Ele-de-France_%2850594191012%29.jpg/687px-25_Rue_du_Laos_Pary%C5%BC%2C_%C3%8Ele-de-France_%2850594191012%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/25_Rue_du_Laos_Pary%C5%BC%2C_%C3%8Ele-de-France_%2850594191012%29.jpg/915px-25_Rue_du_Laos_Pary%C5%BC%2C_%C3%8Ele-de-France_%2850594191012%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5293" data-file-height="3470" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Futurist influences – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rue_du_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rue du Laos (page does not exist)">Rue du Laos</a> no. 25 in Paris, by Charles Thomas (1930)<sup id="cite_ref-criticos67_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criticos67-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin,_Mitte,_Schuetzenstrasse,_Mosse-Zentrum_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Expressionist architecture – Rudolf Mosse Printing and Publishing Company Building in Berlin, by Erich Mendelsohn (1921–1923)[69]"><img alt="Expressionist architecture – Rudolf Mosse Printing and Publishing Company Building in Berlin, by Erich Mendelsohn (1921–1923)[69]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Schuetzenstrasse%2C_Mosse-Zentrum_05.jpg/310px-Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Schuetzenstrasse%2C_Mosse-Zentrum_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Schuetzenstrasse%2C_Mosse-Zentrum_05.jpg/465px-Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Schuetzenstrasse%2C_Mosse-Zentrum_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Schuetzenstrasse%2C_Mosse-Zentrum_05.jpg/620px-Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Schuetzenstrasse%2C_Mosse-Zentrum_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1341" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_architecture" title="Expressionist architecture">Expressionist architecture</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mossehaus" title="Mossehaus">Rudolf Mosse Printing and Publishing Company Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Erich_Mendelsohn" title="Erich Mendelsohn">Erich Mendelsohn</a> (1921–1923)<sup id="cite_ref-criticos88_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criticos88-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aux_Trois-Quartiers,_Paris,_with_it%27s_original_facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Expressionist architecture influences – Aux Trois-Quartiers department store in Paris, by Louis Faure-Dujarric (1932)[69]"><img alt="Expressionist architecture influences – Aux Trois-Quartiers department store in Paris, by Louis Faure-Dujarric (1932)[69]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Aux_Trois-Quartiers%2C_Paris%2C_with_it%27s_original_facade.jpg/222px-Aux_Trois-Quartiers%2C_Paris%2C_with_it%27s_original_facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Aux_Trois-Quartiers%2C_Paris%2C_with_it%27s_original_facade.jpg/333px-Aux_Trois-Quartiers%2C_Paris%2C_with_it%27s_original_facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Aux_Trois-Quartiers%2C_Paris%2C_with_it%27s_original_facade.jpg/444px-Aux_Trois-Quartiers%2C_Paris%2C_with_it%27s_original_facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1393" data-file-height="1882" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Expressionist architecture influences – <i>Aux Trois-Quartiers</i> department store in Paris, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Faure-Dujarric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Faure-Dujarric (page does not exist)">Louis Faure-Dujarric</a> (1932)<sup id="cite_ref-criticos88_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criticos88-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <p>Other styles borrowed included <a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a>, Orphism, <a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> in general. Cubism discovers its decorative potential within the Art Deco aesthetic, when transposed from the canvas onto a textile material or wallpaper. <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Sonia Delaunay</a> conceives her dress models in an abstract and geometric style, "as live paintings or sculptures of living forms". Cubist-like designs are created by Louis Barrilet in the stained-glass windows of the American bar at the <a href="/wiki/Atrium_Casino" title="Atrium Casino">Atrium Casino</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dax,_Landes" title="Dax, Landes">Dax</a> (1926), but also including names of fashionable cocktails. In architecture, the clear contrast between horizontal and vertical volumes, specific both to Russian <a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>-<a href="/wiki/Willem_Marinus_Dudok" title="Willem Marinus Dudok">Willem Marinus Dudok</a> line, becomes a common device in articulating Art Deco façades, from individual homes and tenement buildings to cinemas or oil stations.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goss_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goss-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Art_Deco_Style_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Art_Deco_Style-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Art,_Design_and_Visual_Thinking_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Art,_Design_and_Visual_Thinking-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan19888-10_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan19888-10-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Art Deco also used the clashing colours and designs of Fauvism, notably in the work of Henri Matisse and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Derain" title="André Derain">André Derain</a>, inspired the designs of Art Deco textiles, wallpaper, and painted ceramics.<sup id="cite_ref-Goss_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goss-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It took ideas from the high fashion vocabulary of the period, which featured geometric designs, chevrons, zigzags, and stylized bouquets of flowers. It was influenced by discoveries in <a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Egyptology</a>, and growing interest in the Orient and in African art. From 1925 onwards, it was often inspired by a passion for new machines, such as airships, automobiles and ocean liners, and by 1930 this influence resulted in the style called <a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan19887–8_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan19887–8-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts_(1925)"><span id="International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts_.281925.29"></span>International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts (1925)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts (1925)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 333.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Postcard_of_Exposition_des_Art_Decoratifs_et_Industriels_Modernes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postcard of the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in Paris (1925)"><img alt="Postcard of the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in Paris (1925)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Postcard_of_Exposition_des_Art_Decoratifs_et_Industriels_Modernes.jpg/500px-Postcard_of_Exposition_des_Art_Decoratifs_et_Industriels_Modernes.jpg" decoding="async" width="334" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Postcard_of_Exposition_des_Art_Decoratifs_et_Industriels_Modernes.jpg/750px-Postcard_of_Exposition_des_Art_Decoratifs_et_Industriels_Modernes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Postcard_of_Exposition_des_Art_Decoratifs_et_Industriels_Modernes.jpg/999px-Postcard_of_Exposition_des_Art_Decoratifs_et_Industriels_Modernes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2414" data-file-height="1450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postcard of the <a href="/wiki/International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts" title="International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts">International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (1925)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 303.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 301.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-entr%C3%A9e_Place_de_la_Concorde.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance to the 1925 Exposition from Place de la Concorde by Pierre Patout"><img alt="Entrance to the 1925 Exposition from Place de la Concorde by Pierre Patout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-entr%C3%A9e_Place_de_la_Concorde.jpg/452px-Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-entr%C3%A9e_Place_de_la_Concorde.jpg" decoding="async" width="302" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-entr%C3%A9e_Place_de_la_Concorde.jpg/679px-Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-entr%C3%A9e_Place_de_la_Concorde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-entr%C3%A9e_Place_de_la_Concorde.jpg/905px-Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-entr%C3%A9e_Place_de_la_Concorde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3345" data-file-height="2219" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance to the 1925 Exposition from <a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Concorde" title="Place de la Concorde">Place de la Concorde</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Patout" title="Pierre Patout">Pierre Patout</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 143.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_1925_59878912.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Polish pavilion, designed by Józef Czajkowski and Wojciech Jastrzębowski"><img alt="The Polish pavilion, designed by Józef Czajkowski and Wojciech Jastrzębowski" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paris_1925_59878912.jpg/215px-Paris_1925_59878912.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paris_1925_59878912.jpg/322px-Paris_1925_59878912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paris_1925_59878912.jpg/430px-Paris_1925_59878912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1354" data-file-height="1889" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Polish pavilion, designed by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Czajkowski" title="Józef Czajkowski">Józef Czajkowski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jastrz%C4%99bowski_(sculptor)" title="Wojciech Jastrzębowski (sculptor)">Wojciech Jastrzębowski</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 315.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 313.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-pavillon_des_Galeries_Lafayette.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pavilion of the Galeries Lafayette department store"><img alt="Pavilion of the Galeries Lafayette department store" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-pavillon_des_Galeries_Lafayette.jpg/470px-Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-pavillon_des_Galeries_Lafayette.jpg" decoding="async" width="314" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-pavillon_des_Galeries_Lafayette.jpg/704px-Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-pavillon_des_Galeries_Lafayette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-pavillon_des_Galeries_Lafayette.jpg/939px-Paris-FR-75-Expo_1925_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs-pavillon_des_Galeries_Lafayette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3435" data-file-height="2195" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pavilion of the <a href="/wiki/Galeries_Lafayette" title="Galeries Lafayette">Galeries Lafayette</a> department store</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 283.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salon_of_the_Hotel_du_Collectionneur_(1925).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salon of the Hôtel du Collectionneur, furnished by Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann, painting by Jean Dupas, design by Pierre Patout"><img alt="Salon of the Hôtel du Collectionneur, furnished by Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann, painting by Jean Dupas, design by Pierre Patout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Salon_of_the_Hotel_du_Collectionneur_%281925%29.jpg/425px-Salon_of_the_Hotel_du_Collectionneur_%281925%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="284" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Salon_of_the_Hotel_du_Collectionneur_%281925%29.jpg/637px-Salon_of_the_Hotel_du_Collectionneur_%281925%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Salon_of_the_Hotel_du_Collectionneur_%281925%29.jpg/849px-Salon_of_the_Hotel_du_Collectionneur_%281925%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1357" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Salon of the Hôtel du Collectionneur, furnished by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Jacques_Ruhlmann" title="Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann">Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann</a>, painting by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dupas" title="Jean Dupas">Jean Dupas</a>, design by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Patout" title="Pierre Patout">Pierre Patout</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>The event that marked the zenith of the style and gave it its name was the <a href="/wiki/International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts" title="International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts">International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts</a> which took place in Paris from April to October in 1925. This was officially sponsored by the French government, and covered a site in Paris of 55 acres, running from the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais" title="Grand Palais">Grand Palais</a> on the right bank to <a href="/wiki/Les_Invalides" title="Les Invalides">Les Invalides</a> on the left bank, and along the banks of the Seine. The Grand Palais, the largest hall in the city, was filled with exhibits of decorative arts from the participating countries. There were 15,000 exhibitors from twenty different countries, including Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the new <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Germany was not invited because of tensions after the war; the United States, misunderstanding the purpose of the exhibit, declined to participate. The event was visited by sixteen million people during its seven-month run. The rules of the exhibition required that all work be modern; no historical styles were allowed. The main purpose of the Exhibit was to promote the French manufacturers of luxury furniture, porcelain, glass, metalwork, textiles, and other decorative products. To further promote the products, all the major Paris department stores, and major designers had their own pavilions. The Exposition had a secondary purpose in promoting products from French colonies in Africa and Asia, including ivory and exotic woods. </p><p>The Hôtel du Collectionneur was a popular attraction at the Exposition; it displayed the new furniture designs of Emile-Jacques Ruhlmann, as well as Art Deco fabrics, carpets, and a painting by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dupas" title="Jean Dupas">Jean Dupas</a>. The interior design followed the same principles of symmetry and geometric forms which set it apart from Art Nouveau, and bright colours, fine craftsmanship rare and expensive materials which set it apart from the strict functionality of the Modernist style. While most of the pavilions were lavishly decorated and filled with hand-made luxury furniture, two pavilions, those of the Soviet Union and Pavilion de <a href="/wiki/L%27Esprit_Nouveau" title="L'Esprit Nouveau">L'Esprit Nouveau</a>, built by the magazine of that name run by Le Corbusier, were built in an austere style with plain white walls and no decoration; they were among the earliest examples of <a href="/wiki/Modernist_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist architecture">modernist architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECharles201335–104_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECharles201335–104-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Late_Art_Deco">Late Art Deco</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Late Art Deco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 224.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 222.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Pia%C8%9Ba_Sf%C3%A2ntul_%C8%98tefan,_Bucharest_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piața Sfântul Ștefan no. 1 in Bucharest, by unknown architect (c. 1930)"><img alt="Piața Sfântul Ștefan no. 1 in Bucharest, by unknown architect (c. 1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b3/1_Pia%C8%9Ba_Sf%C3%A2ntul_%C8%98tefan%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/334px-1_Pia%C8%9Ba_Sf%C3%A2ntul_%C8%98tefan%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b3/1_Pia%C8%9Ba_Sf%C3%A2ntul_%C8%98tefan%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/501px-1_Pia%C8%9Ba_Sf%C3%A2ntul_%C8%98tefan%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b3/1_Pia%C8%9Ba_Sf%C3%A2ntul_%C8%98tefan%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/668px-1_Pia%C8%9Ba_Sf%C3%A2ntul_%C8%98tefan%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2106" data-file-height="1891" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Piața Sfântul Ștefan no. 1 in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, by unknown architect (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1930</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Jan_de_Doperkerk_in_Molenbeek.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of St. John the Baptist in Molenbeek (Brussels), by Joseph Diongre (1930–1932)"><img alt="Church of St. John the Baptist in Molenbeek (Brussels), by Joseph Diongre (1930–1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/St_Jan_de_Doperkerk_in_Molenbeek.jpg/200px-St_Jan_de_Doperkerk_in_Molenbeek.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/St_Jan_de_Doperkerk_in_Molenbeek.jpg/300px-St_Jan_de_Doperkerk_in_Molenbeek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/St_Jan_de_Doperkerk_in_Molenbeek.jpg/400px-St_Jan_de_Doperkerk_in_Molenbeek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3437" data-file-height="5156" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._John_the_Baptist,_Molenbeek" title="Church of St. John the Baptist, Molenbeek">Church of St. John the Baptist</a> in <a href="/wiki/Molenbeek-Saint-Jean" title="Molenbeek-Saint-Jean">Molenbeek</a> (Brussels), by Joseph Diongre (1930–1932)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miami_Beach_FL_Lincoln_Mall_Lincoln_Theatre01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lincoln Theater in Miami Beach, Florida, by Thomas W. Lamb (1936)"><img alt="Lincoln Theater in Miami Beach, Florida, by Thomas W. Lamb (1936)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Miami_Beach_FL_Lincoln_Mall_Lincoln_Theatre01.jpg/225px-Miami_Beach_FL_Lincoln_Mall_Lincoln_Theatre01.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Miami_Beach_FL_Lincoln_Mall_Lincoln_Theatre01.jpg/337px-Miami_Beach_FL_Lincoln_Mall_Lincoln_Theatre01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Miami_Beach_FL_Lincoln_Mall_Lincoln_Theatre01.jpg/450px-Miami_Beach_FL_Lincoln_Mall_Lincoln_Theatre01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Theatre_(Miami_Beach,_Florida)" title="Lincoln Theatre (Miami Beach, Florida)">Lincoln Theater</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach,_Florida" title="Miami Beach, Florida">Miami Beach, Florida</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Lamb" title="Thomas W. Lamb">Thomas W. Lamb</a> (1936)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 269.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 267.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_75016_Fontaines_du_Trocad%C3%A9ro_20090815.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palais de Chaillot in Paris by Louis-Hippolyte Boileau, Jacques Carlu and Léon Azéma from the 1937 Paris International Exposition"><img alt="Palais de Chaillot in Paris by Louis-Hippolyte Boileau, Jacques Carlu and Léon Azéma from the 1937 Paris International Exposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Paris_75016_Fontaines_du_Trocad%C3%A9ro_20090815.jpg/401px-Paris_75016_Fontaines_du_Trocad%C3%A9ro_20090815.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Paris_75016_Fontaines_du_Trocad%C3%A9ro_20090815.jpg/601px-Paris_75016_Fontaines_du_Trocad%C3%A9ro_20090815.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Paris_75016_Fontaines_du_Trocad%C3%A9ro_20090815.jpg/801px-Paris_75016_Fontaines_du_Trocad%C3%A9ro_20090815.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3204" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_Chaillot" title="Palais de Chaillot">Palais de Chaillot</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> by <a href="/wiki/Louis-Hippolyte_Boileau" title="Louis-Hippolyte Boileau">Louis-Hippolyte Boileau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Carlu" title="Jacques Carlu">Jacques Carlu</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Az%C3%A9ma" title="Léon Azéma">Léon Azéma</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Internationale_des_Arts_et_Techniques_dans_la_Vie_Moderne" title="Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne">1937 Paris International Exposition</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 252px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27exposition_Auguste_Perret_(Conseil_%C3%A9conomique,_social_et_environnemental,_Paris)_(11872278295).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stairway of the Economic and Social Council in Paris, originally the Museum of Public Works, built for the 1937 Exposition, by Auguste Perret (1937)"><img alt="Stairway of the Economic and Social Council in Paris, originally the Museum of Public Works, built for the 1937 Exposition, by Auguste Perret (1937)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/L%27exposition_Auguste_Perret_%28Conseil_%C3%A9conomique%2C_social_et_environnemental%2C_Paris%29_%2811872278295%29.jpg/375px-L%27exposition_Auguste_Perret_%28Conseil_%C3%A9conomique%2C_social_et_environnemental%2C_Paris%29_%2811872278295%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/L%27exposition_Auguste_Perret_%28Conseil_%C3%A9conomique%2C_social_et_environnemental%2C_Paris%29_%2811872278295%29.jpg/562px-L%27exposition_Auguste_Perret_%28Conseil_%C3%A9conomique%2C_social_et_environnemental%2C_Paris%29_%2811872278295%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/L%27exposition_Auguste_Perret_%28Conseil_%C3%A9conomique%2C_social_et_environnemental%2C_Paris%29_%2811872278295%29.jpg/750px-L%27exposition_Auguste_Perret_%28Conseil_%C3%A9conomique%2C_social_et_environnemental%2C_Paris%29_%2811872278295%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1257" data-file-height="1006" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stairway of the <a href="/wiki/French_Economic,_Social_and_Environmental_Council" title="French Economic, Social and Environmental Council">Economic and Social Council</a> in Paris, originally the Museum of Public Works, built for the 1937 Exposition, by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Perret" title="Auguste Perret">Auguste Perret</a> (1937)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KingCityHS-RobertStantonTheater.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="High School in King City, California, built by Robert Stanton for the Works Progress Administration (1939)"><img alt="High School in King City, California, built by Robert Stanton for the Works Progress Administration (1939)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/KingCityHS-RobertStantonTheater.jpg/238px-KingCityHS-RobertStantonTheater.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/KingCityHS-RobertStantonTheater.jpg/357px-KingCityHS-RobertStantonTheater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/KingCityHS-RobertStantonTheater.jpg/477px-KingCityHS-RobertStantonTheater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="1237" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">High School in <a href="/wiki/King_City,_California" title="King City, California">King City, California</a>, built by Robert Stanton for the <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a> (1939)</div> </li> </ul> <p>In 1925, two different competing schools coexisted within Art Deco: the traditionalists, who had founded the Society of Decorative Artists; included the furniture designer Emile-Jacques Ruhlmann, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dunand" title="Jean Dunand">Jean Dunand</a>, the sculptor Antoine Bourdelle, and designer Paul Poiret; they combined modern forms with traditional craftsmanship and expensive materials. On the other side were the modernists, who increasingly rejected the past and wanted a style based upon advances in new technologies, simplicity, a lack of decoration, inexpensive materials, and mass production. The modernists founded their own organisation, <a href="/wiki/The_French_Union_of_Modern_Artists" title="The French Union of Modern Artists">The French Union of Modern Artists</a>, in 1929. Its members included architects <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Chareau" title="Pierre Chareau">Pierre Chareau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Jourdain" title="Francis Jourdain">Francis Jourdain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mallet-Stevens" title="Robert Mallet-Stevens">Robert Mallet-Stevens</a>, Corbusier, and, in the Soviet Union, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Melnikov" title="Konstantin Melnikov">Konstantin Melnikov</a>; the Irish designer Eileen Gray; the French designer Sonia Delaunay; and the jewellers <a href="/wiki/Georges_Fouquet" title="Georges Fouquet">Georges Fouquet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Puiforcat" title="Jean Puiforcat">Jean Puiforcat</a>. They fiercely attacked the traditional Art Deco style, which they said was created only for the wealthy, and insisted that well-constructed buildings should be available to everyone, and that form should follow function. The beauty of an object or building resided in whether it was perfectly fit to fulfil its function. Modern industrial methods meant that furniture and buildings could be mass-produced, not made by hand.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Will be able to find citation, but there is multiple volumes, so many pages. Which? (January 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Art Deco interior designer Paul Follot defended Art Deco in this way: "We know that man is never content with the indispensable and that the superfluous is always needed...If not, we would have to get rid of music, flowers, and perfumes..!"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan19888_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan19888-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Le Corbusier was a brilliant publicist for modernist architecture; he stated that a house was simply "a machine to live in", and tirelessly promoted the idea that Art Deco was the past and modernism was the future. Le Corbusier's ideas were gradually adopted by architecture schools, and the aesthetics of Art Deco were abandoned. The same features that made Art Deco popular in the beginning, its craftsmanship, rich materials and ornament, led to its decline. The Great Depression that began in the United States in 1929, and reached Europe shortly afterwards, greatly reduced the number of wealthy clients who could pay for the furnishings and art objects. In the Depression economic climate, few companies were ready to build new skyscrapers.<sup id="cite_ref-Goss_36-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goss-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even the Ruhlmann firm resorted to producing pieces of furniture in series, rather than individual hand-made items. The last buildings built in Paris in the new style were the Museum of Public Works by Auguste Perret (now the <a href="/wiki/French_Economic,_Social_and_Environmental_Council" title="French Economic, Social and Environmental Council">French Economic, Social and Environmental Council</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Palais_de_Chaillot" title="Palais de Chaillot">Palais de Chaillot</a> by <a href="/wiki/Louis-Hippolyte_Boileau" title="Louis-Hippolyte Boileau">Louis-Hippolyte Boileau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Carlu" title="Jacques Carlu">Jacques Carlu</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Az%C3%A9ma" title="Léon Azéma">Léon Azéma</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Palais_de_Tokyo" title="Palais de Tokyo">Palais de Tokyo</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Internationale_des_Arts_et_Techniques_dans_la_Vie_Moderne" title="Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne">1937 Paris International Exposition</a>; they looked out at the grandiose pavilion of Nazi Germany, designed by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a>, which faced the equally grandiose socialist-realist pavilion of Stalin's Soviet Union. </p><p>After World War II, the dominant architectural style became the International Style pioneered by Le Corbusier, and <a href="/wiki/Mies_van_der_Rohe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mies van der Rohe">Mies van der Rohe</a>. A handful of Art Deco hotels were built in <a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach,_Florida" title="Miami Beach, Florida">Miami Beach</a> after World War II, but elsewhere the style largely vanished, except in industrial design, where it continued to be used in automobile styling and products such as jukeboxes. In the 1960s, it experienced a modest academic revival, thanks in part to the writings of architectural historians such as Bevis Hillier. In the 1970s efforts were made in the United States and Europe to preserve the best examples of Art Deco architecture, and many buildings were restored and repurposed. <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodern architecture</a>, which first appeared in the 1980s, like Art Deco, often includes purely decorative features.<sup id="cite_ref-Goss_36-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goss-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Art_Deco_Style_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Art_Deco_Style-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Design_Handbook_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Design_Handbook-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Art_Deco_(1920s_to_1930s)_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Art_Deco_(1920s_to_1930s)-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deco continues to inspire designers, and is often used in contemporary fashion, jewellery, and toiletries.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Painting">Painting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 384.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 382.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mural-Ariel-Rios-Marsh-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Workers sorting the mail, a mural in the Ariel Rios Federal Building, Washington, D.C., by Reginald Marsh (1936)"><img alt="Workers sorting the mail, a mural in the Ariel Rios Federal Building, Washington, D.C., by Reginald Marsh (1936)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mural-Ariel-Rios-Marsh-1.jpg/574px-Mural-Ariel-Rios-Marsh-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="383" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mural-Ariel-Rios-Marsh-1.jpg/860px-Mural-Ariel-Rios-Marsh-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mural-Ariel-Rios-Marsh-1.jpg/1147px-Mural-Ariel-Rios-Marsh-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4356" data-file-height="2280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Workers sorting the mail</i>, a mural in the Ariel Rios Federal Building, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Marsh_(artist)" title="Reginald Marsh (artist)">Reginald Marsh</a> (1936)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 386.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 384.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mural-Ariel-Rios-Rockwell-Kent-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Art in the Tropics, mural in the William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building, Washington, D.C., by Rockwell Kent (1938)"><img alt="Art in the Tropics, mural in the William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building, Washington, D.C., by Rockwell Kent (1938)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mural-Ariel-Rios-Rockwell-Kent-1.jpg/577px-Mural-Ariel-Rios-Rockwell-Kent-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="385" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mural-Ariel-Rios-Rockwell-Kent-1.jpg/866px-Mural-Ariel-Rios-Rockwell-Kent-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mural-Ariel-Rios-Rockwell-Kent-1.jpg/1154px-Mural-Ariel-Rios-Rockwell-Kent-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="2600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Art in the Tropics</i>, mural in the <a href="/wiki/William_Jefferson_Clinton_Federal_Building" title="William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building">William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building</a>, Washington, D.C., by <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Kent" title="Rockwell Kent">Rockwell Kent</a> (1938)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 300.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 298.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_of_Rockefeller_Center.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of Time, ceiling mural in lobby of 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, by Josep Maria Sert (1941)"><img alt="Detail of Time, ceiling mural in lobby of 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, by Josep Maria Sert (1941)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Entrance_of_Rockefeller_Center.JPG/448px-Entrance_of_Rockefeller_Center.JPG" decoding="async" width="299" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Entrance_of_Rockefeller_Center.JPG/672px-Entrance_of_Rockefeller_Center.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Entrance_of_Rockefeller_Center.JPG/897px-Entrance_of_Rockefeller_Center.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of <i>Time</i>, ceiling mural in lobby of <a href="/wiki/30_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="30 Rockefeller Plaza">30 Rockefeller Plaza</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Josep_Maria_Sert" title="Josep Maria Sert">Josep Maria Sert</a> (1941)</div> </li> </ul> <p>There was no section set aside for painting at the 1925 Exposition. Art deco painting was by definition decorative, designed to decorate a room or work of architecture, so few painters worked exclusively in the style, but two painters are closely associated with Art Deco. Jean Dupas painted Art Deco murals for the Bordeaux Pavilion at the 1925 Decorative Arts Exposition in Paris, and also painted the picture over the fireplace in the Maison du Collectionneur exhibit at the 1925 Exposition, which featured furniture by Ruhlmann and other prominent Art Deco designers. His murals were also prominent in the décor of the French ocean liner <a href="/wiki/SS_Normandie" title="SS Normandie">SS <i>Normandie</i></a>. His work was purely decorative, designed as a background or accompaniment to other elements of the décor.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The other painter closely associated with the style is <a href="/wiki/Tamara_de_Lempicka" title="Tamara de Lempicka">Tamara de Lempicka</a>. Born in Poland, she emigrated to Paris after the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a>. She studied under <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Denis" title="Maurice Denis">Maurice Denis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lhote" title="André Lhote">André Lhote</a>, and borrowed many elements from their styles. She painted portraits in a realistic, dynamic and colourful Art Deco style.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s, a dramatic new form of Art Deco painting appeared in the United States. During the Great Depression, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Art_Project" title="Federal Art Project">Federal Art Project</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a> was created to give work to unemployed artists. Many were given the task of decorating government buildings, hospitals and schools. There was no specific Art Deco style used in the murals; artists engaged to paint murals in government buildings came from many different schools, from American regionalism to <a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">social realism</a>; they included <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Marsh_(artist)" title="Reginald Marsh (artist)">Reginald Marsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Kent" title="Rockwell Kent">Rockwell Kent</a> and the Mexican painter <a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a>. The murals were Art Deco because they were all decorative and related to the activities in the building or city where they were painted: Reginald Marsh and Rockwell Kent both decorated U.S. postal buildings, and showed postal employees at work while Diego Rivera depicted automobile factory workers for the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts" title="Detroit Institute of Arts">Detroit Institute of Arts</a>. Diego Rivera's mural <i><a href="/wiki/Man_at_the_Crossroads" title="Man at the Crossroads">Man at the Crossroads</a></i> (1933) for <a href="/wiki/30_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="30 Rockefeller Plaza">30 Rockefeller Plaza</a> featured an unauthorized portrait of <a href="/wiki/Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenin">Lenin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-enotes_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enotes-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Rivera refused to remove Lenin, the painting was destroyed and a new mural was painted by the Spanish artist <a href="/wiki/Josep_Maria_Sert" title="Josep Maria Sert">Josep Maria Sert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WPA_Art_Recovery_Project_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPA_Art_Recovery_Project-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sculpture">Sculpture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monumental_and_public_sculpture">Monumental and public sculpture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Monumental and public sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 191.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 189.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Folie_Berg%C3%A8re_Paris_(36268584).jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gold detail on the façade of the Folies Bergère cabaret music hall in Paris, by Maurice Pico (1926)"><img alt="Gold detail on the façade of the Folies Bergère cabaret music hall in Paris, by Maurice Pico (1926)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Folie_Berg%C3%A8re_Paris_%2836268584%29.jpeg/284px-Folie_Berg%C3%A8re_Paris_%2836268584%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="190" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Folie_Berg%C3%A8re_Paris_%2836268584%29.jpeg/425px-Folie_Berg%C3%A8re_Paris_%2836268584%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Folie_Berg%C3%A8re_Paris_%2836268584%29.jpeg/567px-Folie_Berg%C3%A8re_Paris_%2836268584%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gold detail on the façade of the <a href="/wiki/Folies_Berg%C3%A8re" title="Folies Bergère">Folies Bergère</a> <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabaret</a> <a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, by Maurice Pico (1926)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_the_Redeemer_-_Cristo_Redentor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ the Redeemer, reinforced concrete and soapstone sculpture on Corcovado Mountain, Rio de Janeiro, by Paul Landowski (1931)"><img alt="Christ the Redeemer, reinforced concrete and soapstone sculpture on Corcovado Mountain, Rio de Janeiro, by Paul Landowski (1931)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Christ_the_Redeemer_-_Cristo_Redentor.jpg/200px-Christ_the_Redeemer_-_Cristo_Redentor.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Christ_the_Redeemer_-_Cristo_Redentor.jpg/300px-Christ_the_Redeemer_-_Cristo_Redentor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Christ_the_Redeemer_-_Cristo_Redentor.jpg/400px-Christ_the_Redeemer_-_Cristo_Redentor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2497" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_Redeemer_(statue)" title="Christ the Redeemer (statue)">Christ the Redeemer</a></i>, reinforced concrete and <a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">soapstone</a> sculpture on <a href="/wiki/Corcovado" title="Corcovado">Corcovado Mountain</a>, Rio de Janeiro, by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Landowski" title="Paul Landowski">Paul Landowski</a> (1931)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 121.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 119.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guardian_of_Traffic_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guardians of Traffic, pylon on Hope Memorial Bridge in Cleveland, Ohio, by Henry Hering and Frank Walker (1932)"><img alt="Guardians of Traffic, pylon on Hope Memorial Bridge in Cleveland, Ohio, by Henry Hering and Frank Walker (1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Guardian_of_Traffic_%28cropped%29.jpg/179px-Guardian_of_Traffic_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Guardian_of_Traffic_%28cropped%29.jpg/268px-Guardian_of_Traffic_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Guardian_of_Traffic_%28cropped%29.jpg/357px-Guardian_of_Traffic_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2715" data-file-height="4557" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Guardians of Traffic</i>, pylon on <a href="/wiki/Hope_Memorial_Bridge" title="Hope Memorial Bridge">Hope Memorial Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, Ohio, by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hering" title="Henry Hering">Henry Hering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walker_and_Weeks" title="Walker and Weeks">Frank Walker</a> (1932)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lobby,_(former)_Daily_Express_Building_by_Ronald_Atkinson.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Britain, relief sculpture in the lobby of the former Daily Express Building in London, by Ronald Atkinson (1932)"><img alt="Britain, relief sculpture in the lobby of the former Daily Express Building in London, by Ronald Atkinson (1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lobby%2C_%28former%29_Daily_Express_Building_by_Ronald_Atkinson.jpg/400px-Lobby%2C_%28former%29_Daily_Express_Building_by_Ronald_Atkinson.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lobby%2C_%28former%29_Daily_Express_Building_by_Ronald_Atkinson.jpg/600px-Lobby%2C_%28former%29_Daily_Express_Building_by_Ronald_Atkinson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lobby%2C_%28former%29_Daily_Express_Building_by_Ronald_Atkinson.jpg/800px-Lobby%2C_%28former%29_Daily_Express_Building_by_Ronald_Atkinson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Britain</i>, relief sculpture in the lobby of the former <a href="/wiki/Daily_Express_Building,_London" title="Daily Express Building, London">Daily Express Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, by Ronald Atkinson (1932)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Niagara_Mohawk_Building_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spirit of Light or Spirit of Power, metal sculpture on the façade of the Niagara Mohawk Building in Syracuse, N.Y., by Clayton Frye (1932)"><img alt="Spirit of Light or Spirit of Power, metal sculpture on the façade of the Niagara Mohawk Building in Syracuse, N.Y., by Clayton Frye (1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Niagara_Mohawk_Building_1.jpg/400px-Niagara_Mohawk_Building_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Niagara_Mohawk_Building_1.jpg/600px-Niagara_Mohawk_Building_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Niagara_Mohawk_Building_1.jpg/800px-Niagara_Mohawk_Building_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Spirit of Light</i> or <i>Spirit of Power</i>, metal sculpture on the façade of the <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Mohawk_Building" title="Niagara Mohawk Building">Niagara Mohawk Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse, N.Y.</a>, by Clayton Frye (1932)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rockefeller_Center_entrance_(4674369705).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wisdom, portal decoration at the Rockefeller Center in New York City, by Lee Lawrie (1933)"><img alt="Wisdom, portal decoration at the Rockefeller Center in New York City, by Lee Lawrie (1933)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Rockefeller_Center_entrance_%284674369705%29.jpg/200px-Rockefeller_Center_entrance_%284674369705%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Rockefeller_Center_entrance_%284674369705%29.jpg/300px-Rockefeller_Center_entrance_%284674369705%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Rockefeller_Center_entrance_%284674369705%29.jpg/400px-Rockefeller_Center_entrance_%284674369705%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Wisdom</i>, portal decoration at the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Lawrie" title="Lee Lawrie">Lee Lawrie</a> (1933)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 203.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 201.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nowogrodzka_45_w_Warszawie_orze%C5%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polish coat of arms (unofficial) on the façade of the post office in Warsaw, by Julian Puterman-Sadłowski (1934)"><img alt="Polish coat of arms (unofficial) on the façade of the post office in Warsaw, by Julian Puterman-Sadłowski (1934)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nowogrodzka_45_w_Warszawie_orze%C5%82.jpg/302px-Nowogrodzka_45_w_Warszawie_orze%C5%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nowogrodzka_45_w_Warszawie_orze%C5%82.jpg/453px-Nowogrodzka_45_w_Warszawie_orze%C5%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nowogrodzka_45_w_Warszawie_orze%C5%82.jpg/604px-Nowogrodzka_45_w_Warszawie_orze%C5%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2739" data-file-height="2723" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Polish coat of arms (unofficial) on the façade of the post office in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, by Julian Puterman-Sadłowski (1934)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_City,_May_2014_-_033.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Atlas, bronze sculpture in front of the Rockefeller Center, by Lawrie (1936–37)"><img alt="Atlas, bronze sculpture in front of the Rockefeller Center, by Lawrie (1936–37)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/New_York_City%2C_May_2014_-_033.JPG/225px-New_York_City%2C_May_2014_-_033.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/New_York_City%2C_May_2014_-_033.JPG/337px-New_York_City%2C_May_2014_-_033.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/New_York_City%2C_May_2014_-_033.JPG/450px-New_York_City%2C_May_2014_-_033.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(statue)" title="Atlas (statue)">Atlas</a></i>, bronze sculpture in front of the Rockefeller Center, by Lawrie (1936–37)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 295.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 293.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NixFedBldgPhilaMailBas1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mail Delivery East, one of four bas-relief sculptures on the Nix Federal Building in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by Edmond Amateis (1937)"><img alt="Mail Delivery East, one of four bas-relief sculptures on the Nix Federal Building in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by Edmond Amateis (1937)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/NixFedBldgPhilaMailBas1.jpg/440px-NixFedBldgPhilaMailBas1.jpg" decoding="async" width="294" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/NixFedBldgPhilaMailBas1.jpg/659px-NixFedBldgPhilaMailBas1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/NixFedBldgPhilaMailBas1.jpg/879px-NixFedBldgPhilaMailBas1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="699" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Mail_Delivery_(sculptures)" title="Mail Delivery (sculptures)">Mail Delivery East</a></i>, one of four bas-relief sculptures on the <a href="/wiki/Nix_Federal_Building" title="Nix Federal Building">Nix Federal Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Pennsylvania, by <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Amateis" title="Edmond Amateis">Edmond Amateis</a> (1937)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 274px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 272px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22One_is_Man_Controlling_Trade,%22_1942_statue_by_Michael_Lantz,_at_Federal_Trade_Commission,_600_Pennsylvania_Ave.,_NW_Washington,_D.C_LCCN2010641732.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Man Controlling Trade at the Federal Trade Commission Building in Washington, D.C., by Michael Lantz (1942)"><img alt="Man Controlling Trade at the Federal Trade Commission Building in Washington, D.C., by Michael Lantz (1942)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%22One_is_Man_Controlling_Trade%2C%22_1942_statue_by_Michael_Lantz%2C_at_Federal_Trade_Commission%2C_600_Pennsylvania_Ave.%2C_NW_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2010641732.tif/lossy-page1-408px-%22One_is_Man_Controlling_Trade%2C%22_1942_statue_by_Michael_Lantz%2C_at_Federal_Trade_Commission%2C_600_Pennsylvania_Ave.%2C_NW_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2010641732.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%22One_is_Man_Controlling_Trade%2C%22_1942_statue_by_Michael_Lantz%2C_at_Federal_Trade_Commission%2C_600_Pennsylvania_Ave.%2C_NW_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2010641732.tif/lossy-page1-612px-%22One_is_Man_Controlling_Trade%2C%22_1942_statue_by_Michael_Lantz%2C_at_Federal_Trade_Commission%2C_600_Pennsylvania_Ave.%2C_NW_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2010641732.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%22One_is_Man_Controlling_Trade%2C%22_1942_statue_by_Michael_Lantz%2C_at_Federal_Trade_Commission%2C_600_Pennsylvania_Ave.%2C_NW_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2010641732.tif/lossy-page1-816px-%22One_is_Man_Controlling_Trade%2C%22_1942_statue_by_Michael_Lantz%2C_at_Federal_Trade_Commission%2C_600_Pennsylvania_Ave.%2C_NW_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2010641732.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5106" data-file-height="3756" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Man_Controlling_Trade" title="Man Controlling Trade">Man Controlling Trade</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_Building" title="Federal Trade Commission Building">Federal Trade Commission Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantz" title="Michael Lantz">Michael Lantz</a> (1942)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Sculpture was a very common and integral feature of Art Deco architecture. In France, allegorical bas-reliefs representing dance and music by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Bourdelle" title="Antoine Bourdelle">Antoine Bourdelle</a> decorated the earliest Art Deco landmark in Paris, the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Théâtre des Champs-Élysées">Théâtre des Champs-Élysées</a>, in 1912. The 1925 Exposition had major sculptural works placed around the site, pavilions were decorated with sculptural friezes, and several pavilions devoted to smaller studio sculpture. In the 1930s, a large group of prominent sculptors made works for the 1937 <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Exposition_Internationale_des_Arts_et_Techniques_dans_la_Vie_Moderne" title="Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne">Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne</a></span></span> at Chaillot. <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Janniot" title="Alfred Janniot">Alfred Janniot</a> made the relief sculptures on the façade of the Palais de Tokyo. The <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris">Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris</a>, and the esplanade in front of the Palais de Chaillot, facing the Eiffel Tower, was crowded with new statuary by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Malfray" title="Charles Malfray">Charles Malfray</a>, Henry Arnold, and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas1992165–66_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas1992165–66-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public Art Deco sculpture was almost always representational, usually of heroic or allegorical figures related to the purpose of the building or room. The themes were usually selected by the patrons, not the artist. Abstract sculpture for decoration was extremely rare.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988121–141_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988121–141-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, the most prominent Art Deco sculptor for public art was <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manship" title="Paul Manship">Paul Manship</a>, who updated classical and mythological subjects and themes in an Art Deco style. His most famous work was the statue of <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(Manship)" title="Prometheus (Manship)">Prometheus</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a> in New York City, a 20th-century adaptation of a classical subject. Other important works for Rockefeller Center were made by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Lawrie" title="Lee Lawrie">Lee Lawrie</a>, including the sculptural façade and the <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(statue)" title="Atlas (statue)">Atlas statue</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in the United States, many sculptors were commissioned to make works for the decoration of federal government buildings, with funds provided by the WPA, or <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a>. They included sculptor Sidney Biehler Waugh, who created stylized and idealized images of workers and their tasks for federal government office buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988140_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988140-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In San Francisco, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Stackpole" title="Ralph Stackpole">Ralph Stackpole</a> provided sculpture for the façade of the new <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Stock Exchange">San Francisco Stock Exchange</a> building. In Washington D.C., <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantz" title="Michael Lantz">Michael Lantz</a> made works for the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> building. </p><p>In Britain, Deco public statuary was made by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Gill" title="Eric Gill">Eric Gill</a> for the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Broadcasting_House" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Broadcasting House">BBC Broadcasting House</a>, while Ronald Atkinson decorated the lobby of the former <a href="/wiki/Daily_Express_Building,_London" title="Daily Express Building, London">Daily Express Building</a> in London (1932). </p><p>One of the best known and certainly the largest public Art Deco sculpture is the <i><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_Redeemer_(statue)" title="Christ the Redeemer (statue)">Christ the Redeemer</a></i> by the French sculptor <a href="/wiki/Paul_Landowski" title="Paul Landowski">Paul Landowski</a>, completed between 1922 and 1931, located on a mountain top overlooking <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studio_sculpture">Studio sculpture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Studio sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Csaky,_T%C3%AAte,_ca_1920_(front_and_side_view)_limestone,_60_cm,_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum,_Otterlo,_Holland.tiff" class="mw-file-description" title="Tête (front and side view), limestone, by Joseph Csaky (c. 1920), Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, Netherlands"><img alt="Tête (front and side view), limestone, by Joseph Csaky (c. 1920), Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/Joseph_Csaky%2C_T%C3%AAte%2C_ca_1920_%28front_and_side_view%29_limestone%2C_60_cm%2C_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum%2C_Otterlo%2C_Holland.tiff/lossy-page1-265px-Joseph_Csaky%2C_T%C3%AAte%2C_ca_1920_%28front_and_side_view%29_limestone%2C_60_cm%2C_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum%2C_Otterlo%2C_Holland.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/Joseph_Csaky%2C_T%C3%AAte%2C_ca_1920_%28front_and_side_view%29_limestone%2C_60_cm%2C_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum%2C_Otterlo%2C_Holland.tiff/lossy-page1-398px-Joseph_Csaky%2C_T%C3%AAte%2C_ca_1920_%28front_and_side_view%29_limestone%2C_60_cm%2C_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum%2C_Otterlo%2C_Holland.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/Joseph_Csaky%2C_T%C3%AAte%2C_ca_1920_%28front_and_side_view%29_limestone%2C_60_cm%2C_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum%2C_Otterlo%2C_Holland.tiff/lossy-page1-530px-Joseph_Csaky%2C_T%C3%AAte%2C_ca_1920_%28front_and_side_view%29_limestone%2C_60_cm%2C_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum%2C_Otterlo%2C_Holland.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="793" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tête</i> (front and side view), limestone, by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1920</span>), <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum" title="Kröller-Müller Museum">Kröller-Müller Museum</a>, Otterlo, Netherlands</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 258px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 256px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_chasseur_de_Pierre_Le_Faguays.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Hunter by Pierre Le Faguays (1920s)"><img alt="The Hunter by Pierre Le Faguays (1920s)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Le_chasseur_de_Pierre_Le_Faguays.png/384px-Le_chasseur_de_Pierre_Le_Faguays.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Le_chasseur_de_Pierre_Le_Faguays.png/576px-Le_chasseur_de_Pierre_Le_Faguays.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Le_chasseur_de_Pierre_Le_Faguays.png/767px-Le_chasseur_de_Pierre_Le_Faguays.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Hunter</i> by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Le_Faguays" title="Pierre Le Faguays">Pierre Le Faguays</a> (1920s)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 207.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Actaeon_-_Paul_Manship_(25890637528).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Actaeon by Paul Manship (1925), in a temporary exhibition called the "Jazz Age" at the Cleveland Museum of Art, US"><img alt="Actaeon by Paul Manship (1925), in a temporary exhibition called the "Jazz Age" at the Cleveland Museum of Art, US" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Actaeon_-_Paul_Manship_%2825890637528%29.jpg/308px-Actaeon_-_Paul_Manship_%2825890637528%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Actaeon_-_Paul_Manship_%2825890637528%29.jpg/462px-Actaeon_-_Paul_Manship_%2825890637528%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Actaeon_-_Paul_Manship_%2825890637528%29.jpg/615px-Actaeon_-_Paul_Manship_%2825890637528%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Actaeon</i> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manship" title="Paul Manship">Paul Manship</a> (1925), in a temporary exhibition called the "Jazz Age" at the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a>, US</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speed_-_Harriet_Frishmuth.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Speed, a design for a radiator ornament by Harriet Whitney Frishmuth (1925)"><img alt="Speed, a design for a radiator ornament by Harriet Whitney Frishmuth (1925)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Speed_-_Harriet_Frishmuth.jpg/336px-Speed_-_Harriet_Frishmuth.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Speed_-_Harriet_Frishmuth.jpg/505px-Speed_-_Harriet_Frishmuth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Speed_-_Harriet_Frishmuth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="461" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Speed</i>, a design for a radiator ornament by <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Whitney_Frishmuth" title="Harriet Whitney Frishmuth">Harriet Whitney Frishmuth</a> (1925)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 243.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Flight_of_Europa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Flight of Europa, bronze with gold leaf, by Paul Manship (1925), Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City"><img alt="The Flight of Europa, bronze with gold leaf, by Paul Manship (1925), Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_Flight_of_Europa.jpg/365px-The_Flight_of_Europa.jpg" decoding="async" width="244" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_Flight_of_Europa.jpg/549px-The_Flight_of_Europa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_Flight_of_Europa.jpg/730px-The_Flight_of_Europa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="894" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Flight of Europa</i>, bronze with gold leaf, by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manship" title="Paul Manship">Paul Manship</a> (1925), <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Museum of American Art">Whitney Museum of American Art</a>, New York City</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Deco_Sculpture.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tânără (Girl), bronze, ivory and onyx, by Demétre Chiparus (c. 1925)"><img alt="Tânără (Girl), bronze, ivory and onyx, by Demétre Chiparus (c. 1925)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Art_Deco_Sculpture.jpg/399px-Art_Deco_Sculpture.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Art_Deco_Sculpture.jpg/599px-Art_Deco_Sculpture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Art_Deco_Sculpture.jpg/798px-Art_Deco_Sculpture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1975" data-file-height="1263" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tânără</i> (Girl), bronze, ivory and onyx, by <a href="/wiki/Dem%C3%A9tre_Chiparus" title="Demétre Chiparus">Demétre Chiparus</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1925</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Demetre_Chiparus_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dansatoare (Dancer), bronze and ivory, by Chiparus (c. 1925)"><img alt="Dansatoare (Dancer), bronze and ivory, by Chiparus (c. 1925)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Demetre_Chiparus_2.jpg/285px-Demetre_Chiparus_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Demetre_Chiparus_2.jpg/427px-Demetre_Chiparus_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Demetre_Chiparus_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Dansatoare</i> (Dancer), bronze and ivory, by Chiparus (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1925</span>)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Many early Art Deco sculptures were small, designed to decorate salons. One genre of this sculpture was called the <a href="/wiki/Chryselephantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chryselephantine">Chryselephantine</a> statuette, named for a style of ancient Greek temple statues made of gold and ivory. They were sometimes made of bronze, or sometimes with much more lavish materials, such as ivory, <a href="/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx">onyx</a>, alabaster, and gold leaf. </p><p>One of the best-known Art Deco salon sculptors was the Romanian-born <a href="/wiki/Dem%C3%A9tre_Chiparus" title="Demétre Chiparus">Demétre Chiparus</a>, who produced colourful small sculptures of dancers. Other notable salon sculptors included <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Preiss" title="Ferdinand Preiss">Ferdinand Preiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Lorenzl" title="Josef Lorenzl">Josef Lorenzl</a>, Alexander Kelety, Dorothea Charol and Gustav Schmidtcassel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas1992141–163_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas1992141–163-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another important American sculptor in the studio format was <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Whitney_Frishmuth" title="Harriet Whitney Frishmuth">Harriet Whitney Frishmuth</a>, who had studied with <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a> in Paris. </p><p>Pierre Le Paguays was a prominent Art Deco studio sculptor, whose work was shown at the 1925 Exposition. He worked with bronze, marble, ivory, onyx, gold, <a href="/wiki/Alabaster" title="Alabaster">alabaster</a> and other precious materials.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pompon" title="François Pompon">François Pompon</a> was a pioneer of modern stylised <a href="/wiki/Animalier" title="Animalier">animalier</a> sculpture. He was not fully recognised for his artistic accomplishments until the age of 67 at the Salon d'Automne of 1922 with the work <i>Ours blanc</i>, also known as <i>The White Bear</i>, now in the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a> in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-Kjellberg_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kjellberg-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parallel with these Art Deco sculptors, more avant-garde and abstract modernist sculptors were at work in Paris and New York City. The most prominent were <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Constantin Brâncuși</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipenko" title="Alexander Archipenko">Alexander Archipenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Laurens" title="Henri Laurens">Henri Laurens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lipchitz" title="Jacques Lipchitz">Jacques Lipchitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Miklos" title="Gustave Miklos">Gustave Miklos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Lambert-Rucki" title="Jean Lambert-Rucki">Jean Lambert-Rucki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_et_Jo%C3%ABl_Martel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan et Joël Martel">Jan et Joël Martel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chana_Orloff" title="Chana Orloff">Chana Orloff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Gargallo" title="Pablo Gargallo">Pablo Gargallo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Edith_Balas,_1998_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edith_Balas,_1998-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Graphic_arts">Graphic arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Graphic arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 147.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 145.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bakst_Nizhinsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Program design for Afternoon of a Faun by Léon Bakst for Ballets Russes (1912)"><img alt="Program design for Afternoon of a Faun by Léon Bakst for Ballets Russes (1912)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bakst_Nizhinsky.jpg/218px-Bakst_Nizhinsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bakst_Nizhinsky.jpg/328px-Bakst_Nizhinsky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bakst_Nizhinsky.jpg/437px-Bakst_Nizhinsky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2334" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Program design for <i>Afternoon of a Faun</i> by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bakst" title="Léon Bakst">Léon Bakst</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a> (1912)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 141.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 139.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutsche_Werkbund-Ausstellung_Kunst_in_Handwerk,_Industrie_und_Handel_Architektur_K%C3%B6ln_1914_Oct._Peter_Behrens_A._Molling_%26_Comp._KG_Hannover_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deutscher Werkbund exhibition poster by Peter Behrens (1914)"><img alt="Deutscher Werkbund exhibition poster by Peter Behrens (1914)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Deutsche_Werkbund-Ausstellung_Kunst_in_Handwerk%2C_Industrie_und_Handel_Architektur_K%C3%B6ln_1914_Oct._Peter_Behrens_A._Molling_%26_Comp._KG_Hannover_Berlin.jpg/209px-Deutsche_Werkbund-Ausstellung_Kunst_in_Handwerk%2C_Industrie_und_Handel_Architektur_K%C3%B6ln_1914_Oct._Peter_Behrens_A._Molling_%26_Comp._KG_Hannover_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Deutsche_Werkbund-Ausstellung_Kunst_in_Handwerk%2C_Industrie_und_Handel_Architektur_K%C3%B6ln_1914_Oct._Peter_Behrens_A._Molling_%26_Comp._KG_Hannover_Berlin.jpg/314px-Deutsche_Werkbund-Ausstellung_Kunst_in_Handwerk%2C_Industrie_und_Handel_Architektur_K%C3%B6ln_1914_Oct._Peter_Behrens_A._Molling_%26_Comp._KG_Hannover_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Deutsche_Werkbund-Ausstellung_Kunst_in_Handwerk%2C_Industrie_und_Handel_Architektur_K%C3%B6ln_1914_Oct._Peter_Behrens_A._Molling_%26_Comp._KG_Hannover_Berlin.jpg/419px-Deutsche_Werkbund-Ausstellung_Kunst_in_Handwerk%2C_Industrie_und_Handel_Architektur_K%C3%B6ln_1914_Oct._Peter_Behrens_A._Molling_%26_Comp._KG_Hannover_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a> exhibition poster by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Behrens" title="Peter Behrens">Peter Behrens</a> (1914)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vanity_Fair_cover_by_Georges_Lepape_1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Vanity Fair cover by Georges Lepape (1919)"><img alt="A Vanity Fair cover by Georges Lepape (1919)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Vanity_Fair_cover_by_Georges_Lepape_1919.jpg/224px-Vanity_Fair_cover_by_Georges_Lepape_1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Vanity_Fair_cover_by_Georges_Lepape_1919.jpg/336px-Vanity_Fair_cover_by_Georges_Lepape_1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Vanity_Fair_cover_by_Georges_Lepape_1919.jpg/448px-Vanity_Fair_cover_by_Georges_Lepape_1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="967" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(American_magazine_1913%E2%80%931936)" title="Vanity Fair (American magazine 1913–1936)">Vanity Fair</a></i> cover by <a href="/wiki/Georges_Lepape" title="Georges Lepape">Georges Lepape</a> (1919)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 140.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 138.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weinold_Reiss_-_Drawing_in_two_colors.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interpretation of Harlem Jazz I by Winold Reiss (c. 1920)"><img alt="Interpretation of Harlem Jazz I by Winold Reiss (c. 1920)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Weinold_Reiss_-_Drawing_in_two_colors.jpg/208px-Weinold_Reiss_-_Drawing_in_two_colors.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Weinold_Reiss_-_Drawing_in_two_colors.jpg/312px-Weinold_Reiss_-_Drawing_in_two_colors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Weinold_Reiss_-_Drawing_in_two_colors.jpg/416px-Weinold_Reiss_-_Drawing_in_two_colors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3686" data-file-height="5316" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Interpretation of Harlem Jazz I</i> by <a href="/wiki/Winold_Reiss" title="Winold Reiss">Winold Reiss</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1920</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 141.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 139.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ert%C3%A9_Harpers_Bazar_cover_Feb_1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cover of Harper's Bazaar by Erté (1922)"><img alt="Cover of Harper's Bazaar by Erté (1922)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Ert%C3%A9_Harpers_Bazar_cover_Feb_1922.jpg/209px-Ert%C3%A9_Harpers_Bazar_cover_Feb_1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Ert%C3%A9_Harpers_Bazar_cover_Feb_1922.jpg/314px-Ert%C3%A9_Harpers_Bazar_cover_Feb_1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Ert%C3%A9_Harpers_Bazar_cover_Feb_1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cover of <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar" title="Harper's Bazaar">Harper's Bazaar</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ert%C3%A9" title="Erté">Erté</a> (1922)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 123.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 121.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brightest_London_is_best_reached_by_Underground,_subway_poster,_1924.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="London Underground poster by Horace Taylor (1924)"><img alt="London Underground poster by Horace Taylor (1924)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Brightest_London_is_best_reached_by_Underground%2C_subway_poster%2C_1924.jpg/182px-Brightest_London_is_best_reached_by_Underground%2C_subway_poster%2C_1924.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Brightest_London_is_best_reached_by_Underground%2C_subway_poster%2C_1924.jpg/273px-Brightest_London_is_best_reached_by_Underground%2C_subway_poster%2C_1924.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Brightest_London_is_best_reached_by_Underground%2C_subway_poster%2C_1924.jpg/364px-Brightest_London_is_best_reached_by_Underground%2C_subway_poster%2C_1924.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="1612" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> poster by <a href="/wiki/Horace_Taylor_(artist)" title="Horace Taylor (artist)">Horace Taylor</a> (1924)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moulin_Rouge_Music-Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moulin Rouge poster by Charles Gesmar (1925)"><img alt="Moulin Rouge poster by Charles Gesmar (1925)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Moulin_Rouge_Music-Hall.jpg/225px-Moulin_Rouge_Music-Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Moulin_Rouge_Music-Hall.jpg/337px-Moulin_Rouge_Music-Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Moulin_Rouge_Music-Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge" title="Moulin Rouge">Moulin Rouge</a> poster by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gesmar" title="Charles Gesmar">Charles Gesmar</a> (1925)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JesterCoverGWBridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cover of the Jester of Columbia, unattributed (1931)"><img alt="Cover of the Jester of Columbia, unattributed (1931)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/JesterCoverGWBridge.jpg/210px-JesterCoverGWBridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/JesterCoverGWBridge.jpg/315px-JesterCoverGWBridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/JesterCoverGWBridge.jpg/421px-JesterCoverGWBridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="1269" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cover of the <a href="/wiki/Jester_of_Columbia" title="Jester of Columbia"><i>Jester</i></a> of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a>, unattributed (1931)</div> </li> </ul> <p>The Art Deco style appeared early in the graphic arts, in the years just before World War I. It appeared in Paris in the posters and the costume designs of Léon Bakst for the Ballets Russes, and in the catalogues of the fashion designers Paul Poiret.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The illustrations of <a href="/wiki/Georges_Barbier" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Barbier">Georges Barbier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Lepape" title="Georges Lepape">Georges Lepape</a> and the images in the fashion magazine <i>La Gazette du bon ton</i> perfectly captured the elegance and sensuality of the style. In the 1920s, the look changed; the fashions stressed were more casual, sportive and daring, with the woman models usually smoking cigarettes. American fashion magazines such as <i><a href="/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)" title="Vogue (magazine)">Vogue</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar" title="Harper's Bazaar">Harper's Bazaar</a></i> quickly picked up the new style and popularized it in the United States. It also influenced the work of American book illustrators such as Rockwell Kent. In Germany, the most famous poster artist of the period was <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Hohlwein" title="Ludwig Hohlwein">Ludwig Hohlwein</a>, who created colourful and dramatic posters for music festivals, beers, and, late in his career, for the Nazi Party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988148–150_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988148–150-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Art Nouveau period, posters usually advertised theatrical products or cabarets. In the 1920s, travel posters, made for steamship lines and airlines, became extremely popular. The style changed notably in the 1920s, to focus attention on the product being advertised. The images became simpler, precise, more linear, more dynamic, and were often placed against a single-color background. In France, popular Art Deco designers included Charles Loupot and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Colin_(artist)" title="Paul Colin (artist)">Paul Colin</a>, who became famous for his posters of American singer and dancer <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Baker" title="Josephine Baker">Josephine Baker</a>. Jean Carlu designed posters for Charlie Chaplin movies, soaps, and theatres; in the late 1930s he emigrated to the United States, where, during the World War, he designed posters to encourage war production. The designer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gesmar" title="Charles Gesmar">Charles Gesmar</a> became famous making posters for the singer <a href="/wiki/Mistinguett" title="Mistinguett">Mistinguett</a> and for <a href="/wiki/Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a>. Among the best-known French Art Deco poster designers was <a href="/wiki/Cassandre_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassandre (artist)">Cassandre</a>, who made the celebrated poster of the ocean liner SS <i>Normandie</i> in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988148–150_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988148–150-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s a new genre of posters appeared in the United States during the Great Depression. The Federal Art Project hired American artists to create posters to promote tourism and cultural events. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Art Deco Architecture" redirects here. For the book by Patricia Bayer, see <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_Architecture:_Design,_Decoration_and_Detail_from_the_Twenties_and_Thirties" title="Art Deco Architecture: Design, Decoration and Detail from the Twenties and Thirties">Art Deco Architecture: Design, Decoration and Detail from the Twenties and Thirties</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_architecture" title="List of Art Deco architecture">List of Art Deco architecture</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 266.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 264.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P1030956_Paris_Ier_La_Samaritaine_rwk.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="La Samaritaine department store in Paris by Henri Sauvage (1925–1928)"><img alt="La Samaritaine department store in Paris by Henri Sauvage (1925–1928)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/P1030956_Paris_Ier_La_Samaritaine_rwk.JPG/397px-P1030956_Paris_Ier_La_Samaritaine_rwk.JPG" decoding="async" width="265" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/P1030956_Paris_Ier_La_Samaritaine_rwk.JPG/596px-P1030956_Paris_Ier_La_Samaritaine_rwk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/P1030956_Paris_Ier_La_Samaritaine_rwk.JPG/795px-P1030956_Paris_Ier_La_Samaritaine_rwk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1133" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/La_Samaritaine" title="La Samaritaine">La Samaritaine</a> department store in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Sauvage" title="Henri Sauvage">Henri Sauvage</a> (1925–1928)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_Angeles_City_Hall_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Los Angeles City Hall by John Parkinson, John C. Austin, and Albert C. Martin Sr. (1928)"><img alt="Los Angeles City Hall by John Parkinson, John C. Austin, and Albert C. Martin Sr. (1928)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Los_Angeles_City_Hall_building.jpg/268px-Los_Angeles_City_Hall_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Los_Angeles_City_Hall_building.jpg/402px-Los_Angeles_City_Hall_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Los_Angeles_City_Hall_building.jpg/536px-Los_Angeles_City_Hall_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1829" data-file-height="2046" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_City_Hall" title="Los Angeles City Hall">Los Angeles City Hall</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_B._Parkinson" class="mw-redirect" title="John B. Parkinson">John Parkinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_C._Austin" title="John C. Austin">John C. Austin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Albert_C._Martin_Sr." title="Albert C. Martin Sr.">Albert C. Martin Sr.</a> (1928)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Columbia_Building-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance of the Eastern Columbia Building in Los Angeles, California, by Claud Beelman (1930)"><img alt="Entrance of the Eastern Columbia Building in Los Angeles, California, by Claud Beelman (1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Eastern_Columbia_Building-6.jpg/200px-Eastern_Columbia_Building-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Eastern_Columbia_Building-6.jpg/300px-Eastern_Columbia_Building-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Eastern_Columbia_Building-6.jpg/400px-Eastern_Columbia_Building-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3593" data-file-height="5390" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Columbia_Building" title="Eastern Columbia Building">Eastern Columbia Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California, by <a href="/wiki/Claud_Beelman" title="Claud Beelman">Claud Beelman</a> (1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Villa_Empain_en_2012,_apr%C3%A8s_restauration..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance of the Villa Empain in Ixelles (Brussels) by Michel Polak (1930–1934)"><img alt="Entrance of the Villa Empain in Ixelles (Brussels) by Michel Polak (1930–1934)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/La_Villa_Empain_en_2012%2C_apr%C3%A8s_restauration..jpg/200px-La_Villa_Empain_en_2012%2C_apr%C3%A8s_restauration..jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/La_Villa_Empain_en_2012%2C_apr%C3%A8s_restauration..jpg/300px-La_Villa_Empain_en_2012%2C_apr%C3%A8s_restauration..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/La_Villa_Empain_en_2012%2C_apr%C3%A8s_restauration..jpg/400px-La_Villa_Empain_en_2012%2C_apr%C3%A8s_restauration..jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance of the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Empain" title="Villa Empain">Villa Empain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ixelles" title="Ixelles">Ixelles</a> (Brussels) by <a href="/wiki/Michel_Polak" title="Michel Polak">Michel Polak</a> (1930–1934)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cincinnati_Union_Terminal_murals_2019a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cincinnati Union Terminal in Cincinnati, Ohio, by Alfred T. Fellheimer and Roland A. Wank (1933)"><img alt="Cincinnati Union Terminal in Cincinnati, Ohio, by Alfred T. Fellheimer and Roland A. Wank (1933)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Cincinnati_Union_Terminal_murals_2019a.jpg/225px-Cincinnati_Union_Terminal_murals_2019a.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Cincinnati_Union_Terminal_murals_2019a.jpg/337px-Cincinnati_Union_Terminal_murals_2019a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Cincinnati_Union_Terminal_murals_2019a.jpg/450px-Cincinnati_Union_Terminal_murals_2019a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Union_Terminal" title="Cincinnati Union Terminal">Cincinnati Union Terminal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, Ohio, by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_T._Fellheimer" title="Alfred T. Fellheimer">Alfred T. Fellheimer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roland_A._Wank" title="Roland A. Wank">Roland A. Wank</a> (1933)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nice,_France,_%C3%89glise_Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of St. Joan of Arc in Nice, France, by Jacques Droz (1934)"><img alt="Church of St. Joan of Arc in Nice, France, by Jacques Droz (1934)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nice%2C_France%2C_%C3%89glise_Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc.jpg/272px-Nice%2C_France%2C_%C3%89glise_Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nice%2C_France%2C_%C3%89glise_Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc.jpg/408px-Nice%2C_France%2C_%C3%89glise_Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nice%2C_France%2C_%C3%89glise_Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc.jpg/543px-Nice%2C_France%2C_%C3%89glise_Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3499" data-file-height="3863" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sainte_Jeanne_d%27Arc_Church,_Nice" title="Sainte Jeanne d'Arc Church, Nice">Church of St. Joan of Arc</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, France, by Jacques Droz (1934)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 298.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 296.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Diet Building in Tokyo, after a design by Watanabe Fukuzo (1936)"><img alt="National Diet Building in Tokyo, after a design by Watanabe Fukuzo (1936)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/445px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="297" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/668px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/891px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2561" data-file-height="1726" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Building" title="National Diet Building">National Diet Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, after a design by Watanabe Fukuzo (1936)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vertical_panorama_of_the_Mayakovskaya_Metro_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mayakovskaya Metro Station in Moscow by Alexey Dushkin (1936)"><img alt="Mayakovskaya Metro Station in Moscow by Alexey Dushkin (1936)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Vertical_panorama_of_the_Mayakovskaya_Metro_Station.jpg/213px-Vertical_panorama_of_the_Mayakovskaya_Metro_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Vertical_panorama_of_the_Mayakovskaya_Metro_Station.jpg/320px-Vertical_panorama_of_the_Mayakovskaya_Metro_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Vertical_panorama_of_the_Mayakovskaya_Metro_Station.jpg/427px-Vertical_panorama_of_the_Mayakovskaya_Metro_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3320" data-file-height="4662" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mayakovskaya_(Moscow_Metro)" title="Mayakovskaya (Moscow Metro)">Mayakovskaya Metro Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Dushkin" title="Alexey Dushkin">Alexey Dushkin</a> (1936) </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Styles">Styles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The architectural style of Art Deco made its debut in Paris in 1903–04, with the construction of two apartment buildings in Paris, one by Auguste Perret on rue Benjamin Franklin and the other on rue Trétaigne by Henri Sauvage. The two young architects used reinforced concrete for the first time in Paris residential buildings; the new buildings had clean lines, rectangular forms, and no decoration on the façades; they marked a clean break with the <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">art nouveau</a> style.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoisson2009299,_318_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoisson2009299,_318-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1910 and 1913, Perret used his experience in concrete apartment buildings to construct the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, 15 <a href="/wiki/Avenue_Montaigne" title="Avenue Montaigne">avenue Montaigne</a>. Between 1925 and 1928 Sauvage constructed the new Art Deco façade of <a href="/wiki/La_Samaritaine" title="La Samaritaine">La Samaritaine</a> department store in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlum2014134_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlum2014134-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Art Deco style was not limited to buildings on land; the ocean liner SS <i>Normandie</i>, whose first voyage was in 1935, featured Art Deco design, including a dining room whose ceiling and decoration were made of glass by <a href="/wiki/Lalique" title="Lalique">Lalique</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArdman198586–87_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArdman198586–87-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Art Deco architecture is sometimes classified into three types: Zigzag [Moderne] (aka Jazz Moderne<sup id="cite_ref-adsla_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adsla-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>); Classic Moderne; and <a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ih_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ih-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zigzag_Moderne">Zigzag Moderne</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Zigzag Moderne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Zigzag Moderne</b> (aka <b>Jazz Moderne</b>) was the first style to arrive in the United States. "<a href="/wiki/Zigzag" title="Zigzag">Zigzag</a>" refers to the stepping of the outline of a skyscraper to exaggerate its height,<sup id="cite_ref-ih_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ih-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adsla_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adsla-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was mainly used for large public and commercial buildings, in particular hotels, movie theaters, restaurants, skyscrapers, and department stores.<sup id="cite_ref-508park_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-508park-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Classic_Moderne">Classic Moderne</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Classic Moderne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Classic Moderne has a more graceful appearance, and there is less ornamentation. Classic Moderne is also sometimes referred to as PWA (<a href="/wiki/Public_Works_Administration" title="Public Works Administration">Public Works Administration</a>) Moderne or Depression Moderne, as it was undertaken by the PWA during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-508park_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-508park-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adsla_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adsla-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ih_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ih-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Streamline_Moderne">Streamline Moderne</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Streamline Moderne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></div> <p>In the late 1930s, a new variety of Art Deco architecture became common; it was called <a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a> or simply Streamline, or, in France, the <i>Style Paquebot</i>, or Ocean Liner style. Buildings in the style had rounded corners and long horizontal lines; they were built of reinforced concrete and were almost always white; and they sometimes had nautical features, such as railings and portholes that resembled those on a ship. The rounded corner was not entirely new; it had appeared in Berlin in 1923 in the <a href="/wiki/Mossehaus" title="Mossehaus">Mossehaus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Erich_Mendelsohn" title="Erich Mendelsohn">Erich Mendelsohn</a>, and later in the <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Building" title="Hoover Building">Hoover Building</a>, an industrial complex in the London suburb of <a href="/wiki/Perivale" title="Perivale">Perivale</a>. In the United States, it became most closely associated with transport; Streamline moderne was rare in office buildings but was often used for bus stations and airport terminals, such as the terminal at La Guardia airport in New York City that handled the first transatlantic flights, via the PanAm Clipper flying boats; and in roadside architecture, such as gas stations and diners. In the late 1930s a series of diners, modelled upon streamlined railroad cars, were produced and installed in towns in New England; at least two examples still remain and are now registered historic buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988197_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988197-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Broadcasting_House_by_Stephen_Craven.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The nautical-style rounded corner of Broadcasting House in London (1931)"><img alt="The nautical-style rounded corner of Broadcasting House in London (1931)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Broadcasting_House_by_Stephen_Craven.jpg/225px-Broadcasting_House_by_Stephen_Craven.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Broadcasting_House_by_Stephen_Craven.jpg/337px-Broadcasting_House_by_Stephen_Craven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Broadcasting_House_by_Stephen_Craven.jpg/450px-Broadcasting_House_by_Stephen_Craven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The nautical-style rounded corner of <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> (1931)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Immeuble_de_Pierre_Patout_Bd_Victor_Paris_XV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Building in the Paquebot or ocean liner style, at 3, boulevard Victor, Paris, by Pierre Patout (1935)"><img alt="Building in the Paquebot or ocean liner style, at 3, boulevard Victor, Paris, by Pierre Patout (1935)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Immeuble_de_Pierre_Patout_Bd_Victor_Paris_XV.jpg/450px-Immeuble_de_Pierre_Patout_Bd_Victor_Paris_XV.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Immeuble_de_Pierre_Patout_Bd_Victor_Paris_XV.jpg/675px-Immeuble_de_Pierre_Patout_Bd_Victor_Paris_XV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Immeuble_de_Pierre_Patout_Bd_Victor_Paris_XV.jpg/900px-Immeuble_de_Pierre_Patout_Bd_Victor_Paris_XV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Building in the <i>Paquebot</i> or ocean liner style, at 3, boulevard Victor, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Patout" title="Pierre Patout">Pierre Patout</a> (1935)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 258.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 256.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pan-Pacific_Auditorium_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pan-Pacific Auditorium in Los Angeles, California, by Wurdeman & Becket (1936)"><img alt="Pan-Pacific Auditorium in Los Angeles, California, by Wurdeman & Becket (1936)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pan-Pacific_Auditorium_entrance.jpg/385px-Pan-Pacific_Auditorium_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="257" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pan-Pacific_Auditorium_entrance.jpg/577px-Pan-Pacific_Auditorium_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pan-Pacific_Auditorium_entrance.jpg/769px-Pan-Pacific_Auditorium_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4724" data-file-height="3685" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pan-Pacific_Auditorium" title="Pan-Pacific Auditorium">Pan-Pacific Auditorium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California, by <a href="/wiki/Wurdeman_%26_Becket" title="Wurdeman & Becket">Wurdeman & Becket</a> (1936)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 254px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 252px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LaGuardia_MarineAirTerminal_1974.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Marine Air Terminal at La Guardia Airport (1937) was New York City's terminal for the flights of Pan Am Clipper flying boats to Europe."><img alt="The Marine Air Terminal at La Guardia Airport (1937) was New York City's terminal for the flights of Pan Am Clipper flying boats to Europe." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/LaGuardia_MarineAirTerminal_1974.jpg/378px-LaGuardia_MarineAirTerminal_1974.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/LaGuardia_MarineAirTerminal_1974.jpg/566px-LaGuardia_MarineAirTerminal_1974.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/LaGuardia_MarineAirTerminal_1974.jpg/755px-LaGuardia_MarineAirTerminal_1974.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4716" data-file-height="3748" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Marine_Air_Terminal" title="Marine Air Terminal">Marine Air Terminal</a> at <a href="/wiki/La_Guardia_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="La Guardia Airport">La Guardia Airport</a> (1937) was <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>'s terminal for the flights of <a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Clipper" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan Am Clipper">Pan Am Clipper</a> flying boats to Europe.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 271.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 269.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover_Building_No_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Hoover Building canteen in Perivale in London's suburbs, by Wallis, Gilbert and Partners (1938)"><img alt="The Hoover Building canteen in Perivale in London's suburbs, by Wallis, Gilbert and Partners (1938)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hoover_Building_No_1.jpg/404px-Hoover_Building_No_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hoover_Building_No_1.jpg/607px-Hoover_Building_No_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hoover_Building_No_1.jpg/809px-Hoover_Building_No_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3249" data-file-height="2411" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Building" title="Hoover Building">Hoover Building</a> canteen in <a href="/wiki/Perivale" title="Perivale">Perivale</a> in London's suburbs, by Wallis, Gilbert and Partners (1938)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancien_Institut_national_de_Radiodiffusion_-_vue_d%27ensemble.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Former Belgian National Institute of Radio Broadcasting in Ixelles (Brussels) by Joseph Diongre (1938)"><img alt="Former Belgian National Institute of Radio Broadcasting in Ixelles (Brussels) by Joseph Diongre (1938)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ancien_Institut_national_de_Radiodiffusion_-_vue_d%27ensemble.JPG/451px-Ancien_Institut_national_de_Radiodiffusion_-_vue_d%27ensemble.JPG" decoding="async" width="301" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ancien_Institut_national_de_Radiodiffusion_-_vue_d%27ensemble.JPG/677px-Ancien_Institut_national_de_Radiodiffusion_-_vue_d%27ensemble.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ancien_Institut_national_de_Radiodiffusion_-_vue_d%27ensemble.JPG/903px-Ancien_Institut_national_de_Radiodiffusion_-_vue_d%27ensemble.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Le_Flagey" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Flagey">Former Belgian National Institute of Radio Broadcasting</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ixelles" title="Ixelles">Ixelles</a> (Brussels) by Joseph Diongre (1938)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 286.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 284.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Fair_1939_LOC_gsc.5a03061.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Ford Pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair"><img alt="The Ford Pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/World_Fair_1939_LOC_gsc.5a03061.jpg/427px-World_Fair_1939_LOC_gsc.5a03061.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/World_Fair_1939_LOC_gsc.5a03061.jpg/641px-World_Fair_1939_LOC_gsc.5a03061.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/World_Fair_1939_LOC_gsc.5a03061.jpg/854px-World_Fair_1939_LOC_gsc.5a03061.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7336" data-file-height="5155" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> Pavilion at the <a href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">1939 New York World's Fair</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Church_of_Deliverance_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Streamline Moderne church, First Church of Deliverance in Chicago, Illinois, by Walter T. Bailey (1939). Towers added in 1948."><img alt="Streamline Moderne church, First Church of Deliverance in Chicago, Illinois, by Walter T. Bailey (1939). Towers added in 1948." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/First_Church_of_Deliverance_2.jpg/400px-First_Church_of_Deliverance_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/First_Church_of_Deliverance_2.jpg/600px-First_Church_of_Deliverance_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/First_Church_of_Deliverance_2.jpg/800px-First_Church_of_Deliverance_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Streamline Moderne church, <a href="/wiki/First_Church_of_Deliverance" title="First Church of Deliverance">First Church of Deliverance</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois, by <a href="/wiki/Walter_T._Bailey" title="Walter T. Bailey">Walter T. Bailey</a> (1939). Towers added in 1948.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Building_types">Building types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Building types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Skyscrapers">Skyscrapers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Skyscrapers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_-_American_Radiator_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The American Radiator Building in New York City by Raymond Hood (1924)"><img alt="The American Radiator Building in New York City by Raymond Hood (1924)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NYC_-_American_Radiator_Building.jpg/202px-NYC_-_American_Radiator_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NYC_-_American_Radiator_Building.jpg/303px-NYC_-_American_Radiator_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NYC_-_American_Radiator_Building.jpg/404px-NYC_-_American_Radiator_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2384" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/American_Radiator_Building" title="American Radiator Building">American Radiator Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Hood" title="Raymond Hood">Raymond Hood</a> (1924)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carbide_%26_Carbon_Building,_Chicago_in_May_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carbide & Carbon Building in Chicago, Illinois, by Burnham Brothers (1929)"><img alt="Carbide & Carbon Building in Chicago, Illinois, by Burnham Brothers (1929)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Carbide_%26_Carbon_Building%2C_Chicago_in_May_2016.jpg/180px-Carbide_%26_Carbon_Building%2C_Chicago_in_May_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Carbide_%26_Carbon_Building%2C_Chicago_in_May_2016.jpg/271px-Carbide_%26_Carbon_Building%2C_Chicago_in_May_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Carbide_%26_Carbon_Building%2C_Chicago_in_May_2016.jpg/361px-Carbide_%26_Carbon_Building%2C_Chicago_in_May_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3164" data-file-height="5785" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Carbide_%26_Carbon_Building" title="Carbide & Carbon Building">Carbide & Carbon Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois, by <a href="/wiki/Burnham_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Burnham Brothers">Burnham Brothers</a> (1929)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 76.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 74.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrysler_Building_by_David_Shankbone_Retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chrysler Building in New York City by William Van Alen (1930)"><img alt="Chrysler Building in New York City by William Van Alen (1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Chrysler_Building_by_David_Shankbone_Retouched.jpg/112px-Chrysler_Building_by_David_Shankbone_Retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Chrysler_Building_by_David_Shankbone_Retouched.jpg/168px-Chrysler_Building_by_David_Shankbone_Retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Chrysler_Building_by_David_Shankbone_Retouched.jpg/223px-Chrysler_Building_by_David_Shankbone_Retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="3055" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Building" title="Chrysler Building">Chrysler Building</a> in New York City by <a href="/wiki/William_Van_Alen" title="William Van Alen">William Van Alen</a> (1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 127.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Times_Square_Building,_Rochester,_New_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Times Square Building in Rochester, NY by Ralph Thomas Walker (1930)"><img alt="The Times Square Building in Rochester, NY by Ralph Thomas Walker (1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Times_Square_Building%2C_Rochester%2C_New_York.jpg/188px-Times_Square_Building%2C_Rochester%2C_New_York.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Times_Square_Building%2C_Rochester%2C_New_York.jpg/282px-Times_Square_Building%2C_Rochester%2C_New_York.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Times_Square_Building%2C_Rochester%2C_New_York.jpg/376px-Times_Square_Building%2C_Rochester%2C_New_York.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1708" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Times_Square_Building_(Rochester)" title="Times Square Building (Rochester)">The Times Square Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, NY</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Thomas_Walker" title="Ralph Thomas Walker">Ralph Thomas Walker</a> (1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 329.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 327.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Newark_Building_%2B_Eleven_80.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lefcourt Building (1930) by Frank Grad and the National Newark Building by John H. & Wilson C. Ely (1933) in Newark, NJ"><img alt="The Lefcourt Building (1930) by Frank Grad and the National Newark Building by John H. & Wilson C. Ely (1933) in Newark, NJ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Newark_Building_%2B_Eleven_80.jpg/491px-National_Newark_Building_%2B_Eleven_80.jpg" decoding="async" width="328" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Newark_Building_%2B_Eleven_80.jpg/736px-National_Newark_Building_%2B_Eleven_80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Newark_Building_%2B_Eleven_80.jpg/981px-National_Newark_Building_%2B_Eleven_80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="689" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eleven_80" title="Eleven 80">The Lefcourt Building</a> (1930) by <a href="/wiki/Grad_Associates" title="Grad Associates">Frank Grad</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Newark_Building" title="National Newark Building">the National Newark Building</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_H._%26_Wilson_C._Ely" title="John H. & Wilson C. Ely">John H. & Wilson C. Ely</a> (1933) in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, NJ</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Empire_State_Building_(aerial_view).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Empire State Building in New York City by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon (1931)"><img alt="Empire State Building in New York City by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon (1931)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Empire_State_Building_%28aerial_view%29.jpg/220px-Empire_State_Building_%28aerial_view%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Empire_State_Building_%28aerial_view%29.jpg/330px-Empire_State_Building_%28aerial_view%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Empire_State_Building_%28aerial_view%29.jpg/439px-Empire_State_Building_%28aerial_view%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="1270" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a> in New York City by <a href="/wiki/Shreve,_Lamb_%26_Harmon" title="Shreve, Lamb & Harmon">Shreve, Lamb & Harmon</a> (1931)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pittsburgh-gulf-tower-2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gulf Tower in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, by Trowbridge & Livingston and Edward Mellon (1932)"><img alt="Gulf Tower in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, by Trowbridge & Livingston and Edward Mellon (1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pittsburgh-gulf-tower-2007.jpg/220px-Pittsburgh-gulf-tower-2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pittsburgh-gulf-tower-2007.jpg/330px-Pittsburgh-gulf-tower-2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pittsburgh-gulf-tower-2007.jpg/440px-Pittsburgh-gulf-tower-2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Tower" title="Gulf Tower">Gulf Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, Pennsylvania, by <a href="/wiki/Trowbridge_%26_Livingston" title="Trowbridge & Livingston">Trowbridge & Livingston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mellon" title="Edward Mellon">Edward Mellon</a> (1932)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 283.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 281.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:570_Lexington_Avenue2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Crown of the General Electric Building (also known as 570 Lexington Avenue) in New York City by Cross & Cross (1933)"><img alt="Crown of the General Electric Building (also known as 570 Lexington Avenue) in New York City by Cross & Cross (1933)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/570_Lexington_Avenue2.JPG/422px-570_Lexington_Avenue2.JPG" decoding="async" width="282" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/570_Lexington_Avenue2.JPG/633px-570_Lexington_Avenue2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/570_Lexington_Avenue2.JPG/843px-570_Lexington_Avenue2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1606" data-file-height="1257" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crown of the <a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Building" title="General Electric Building">General Electric Building</a> (also known as 570 Lexington Avenue) in New York City by <a href="/wiki/Cross_%26_Cross" title="Cross & Cross">Cross & Cross</a> (1933)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GE_Building_by_David_Shankbone.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="30 Rockefeller Plaza, now the Comcast Building, in New York City by Raymond Hood (1933)"><img alt="30 Rockefeller Plaza, now the Comcast Building, in New York City by Raymond Hood (1933)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/GE_Building_by_David_Shankbone.JPG/245px-GE_Building_by_David_Shankbone.JPG" decoding="async" width="164" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/GE_Building_by_David_Shankbone.JPG/368px-GE_Building_by_David_Shankbone.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/GE_Building_by_David_Shankbone.JPG/490px-GE_Building_by_David_Shankbone.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2380" data-file-height="3204" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/30_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="30 Rockefeller Plaza">30 Rockefeller Plaza</a>, now the Comcast Building, in New York City by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Hood" title="Raymond Hood">Raymond Hood</a> (1933)</div> </li> </ul> <p>American skyscrapers marked the summit of the Art Deco style; they became the tallest and most recognizable modern buildings in the world, designed to show the prestige of their builders through height, shape, their color, and dramatic illumination at night.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Radiator_Building" title="American Radiator Building">American Radiator Building</a> by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Hood" title="Raymond Hood">Raymond Hood</a> (1924) combined Gothic and Deco modern elements in the design of the building. Black brick on the frontage of the building (symbolizing coal) was selected to give an idea of solidity and to give the building a solid mass. Other parts of the façade were covered in gold bricks (symbolizing fire), and the entry was decorated with marble and black mirrors. Another early Art Deco skyscraper was Detroit's <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Building" title="Guardian Building">Guardian Building</a>, which opened in 1929. Designed by modernist <a href="/wiki/Wirt_C._Rowland" title="Wirt C. Rowland">Wirt C. Rowland</a>, the building was the first to employ stainless steel as a decorative element, and the extensive use of colored designs in place of traditional ornaments. </p><p>New York City's skyline was radically changed by the <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Building" title="Chrysler Building">Chrysler Building</a> in Manhattan (completed in 1930), designed by <a href="/wiki/William_Van_Alen" title="William Van Alen">William Van Alen</a>. It was a giant seventy-seven-floor tall advertisement for Chrysler automobiles. The top was crowned by a stainless steel spire, and was ornamented by deco "gargoyles" in the form of stainless steel radiator cap decorations. The base of the tower, thirty-three stories above the street, was decorated with colorful Art Deco friezes, and the lobby was decorated with Art Deco symbols and images expressing modernity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood2003249–258_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood2003249–258-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Chrysler Building was soon surpassed in height by the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_F._Lamb" title="William F. Lamb">William F. Lamb</a> (1931), in a slightly less lavish Deco style and the <a href="/wiki/RCA_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Building">RCA Building</a> (now 30 Rockefeller Plaza) by Raymond Hood (1933) which together completely changed New York City's skyline. The tops of the buildings were decorated with Art Deco crowns and spires covered with stainless steel, and, in the case of the Chrysler building, with Art Deco gargoyles modeled after radiator ornaments, while the entrances and lobbies were lavishly decorated with Art Deco sculpture, ceramics, and design. Similar buildings, though not quite as tall, soon appeared in Chicago and other large American cities. Rockefeller Center added a new design element: several tall buildings grouped around an open plaza, with a fountain in the middle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorel2012125–30_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorel2012125–30-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Across the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>, Art Deco style skyscrapers <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_architecture_in_New_Jersey" title="List of Art Deco architecture in New Jersey">were constructed</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a> in the '20s and '30s, namely the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Bell_Headquarters_Building" title="New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building">New Jersey Bell Headquarters</a> (completed in 1929), designed by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Thomas_Walker" title="Ralph Thomas Walker">Ralph Thomas Walker</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Eleven_80" title="Eleven 80">Lefcourt Building</a> (completed in 1930), designed by <a href="/wiki/Grad_Associates" title="Grad Associates">Frank Grad</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/National_Newark_Building" title="National Newark Building">National Newark Building</a> (completed in 1933), designed by <a href="/wiki/John_H._%26_Wilson_C._Ely" title="John H. & Wilson C. Ely">John H. & Wilson C. Ely</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Cotton_Dana" title="John Cotton Dana">John Cotton Dana</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/Newark_Public_Library" title="Newark Public Library">Newark Public Library</a> during this period, remarked contemporaneously that these skyscrapers transformed Newark from a "huge, uncouth and unthinking industrial Frankenstein monster into a place of refinement."<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Cathedrals_of_Commerce""><span id=".22Cathedrals_of_Commerce.22"></span>"Cathedrals of Commerce"</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: "Cathedrals of Commerce""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_of_Fisher_Building,_Detroit.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Fisher Building in Detroit, Michigan, by Joseph Nathaniel French (1928)"><img alt="The Fisher Building in Detroit, Michigan, by Joseph Nathaniel French (1928)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Interior_of_Fisher_Building%2C_Detroit.JPG/451px-Interior_of_Fisher_Building%2C_Detroit.JPG" decoding="async" width="301" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Interior_of_Fisher_Building%2C_Detroit.JPG/677px-Interior_of_Fisher_Building%2C_Detroit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Interior_of_Fisher_Building%2C_Detroit.JPG/903px-Interior_of_Fisher_Building%2C_Detroit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Building" title="Fisher Building">Fisher Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, Michigan, by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Nathaniel_French" title="Joseph Nathaniel French">Joseph Nathaniel French</a> (1928)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_December_2015_30_(Guardian_Building).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lower lobby of the Guardian Building in Detroit by Wirt Rowland (1929)"><img alt="Lower lobby of the Guardian Building in Detroit by Wirt Rowland (1929)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Detroit_December_2015_30_%28Guardian_Building%29.jpg/450px-Detroit_December_2015_30_%28Guardian_Building%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Detroit_December_2015_30_%28Guardian_Building%29.jpg/675px-Detroit_December_2015_30_%28Guardian_Building%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Detroit_December_2015_30_%28Guardian_Building%29.jpg/900px-Detroit_December_2015_30_%28Guardian_Building%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lower lobby of the <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Building" title="Guardian Building">Guardian Building</a> in Detroit by <a href="/wiki/Wirt_Rowland" class="mw-redirect" title="Wirt Rowland">Wirt Rowland</a> (1929)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:450_Sutter_St._lobby_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lobby of 450 Sutter Street in San Francisco, California, by Timothy Pflueger (1929)"><img alt="Lobby of 450 Sutter Street in San Francisco, California, by Timothy Pflueger (1929)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/450_Sutter_St._lobby_2.JPG/400px-450_Sutter_St._lobby_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/450_Sutter_St._lobby_2.JPG/600px-450_Sutter_St._lobby_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/450_Sutter_St._lobby_2.JPG/800px-450_Sutter_St._lobby_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lobby of <a href="/wiki/450_Sutter_Street" title="450 Sutter Street">450 Sutter Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, California, by <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pflueger" class="mw-redirect" title="Timothy Pflueger">Timothy Pflueger</a> (1929)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 366.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 364.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrysler_Building_Lobby.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lobby of the Chrysler Building in New York City, by William Van Alen (1930)"><img alt="Lobby of the Chrysler Building in New York City, by William Van Alen (1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Chrysler_Building_Lobby.jpg/547px-Chrysler_Building_Lobby.jpg" decoding="async" width="365" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Chrysler_Building_Lobby.jpg/821px-Chrysler_Building_Lobby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Chrysler_Building_Lobby.jpg/1094px-Chrysler_Building_Lobby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3807" data-file-height="2088" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lobby of the <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Building" title="Chrysler Building">Chrysler Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, by <a href="/wiki/William_Van_Alen" title="William Van Alen">William Van Alen</a> (1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrysler_building_door_detail_crown.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior door in the Chrysler Building (1930)"><img alt="Interior door in the Chrysler Building (1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Chrysler_building_door_detail_crown.jpg/450px-Chrysler_building_door_detail_crown.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Chrysler_building_door_detail_crown.jpg/675px-Chrysler_building_door_detail_crown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Chrysler_building_door_detail_crown.jpg/900px-Chrysler_building_door_detail_crown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior door in the Chrysler Building (1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chandelier,_Carew_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceiling and chandelier detail on the lobby of the Carew Tower in Cincinnati, Ohio, by Walter W. Ahlschlager (1930)"><img alt="Ceiling and chandelier detail on the lobby of the Carew Tower in Cincinnati, Ohio, by Walter W. Ahlschlager (1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chandelier%2C_Carew_Tower.jpg/400px-Chandelier%2C_Carew_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chandelier%2C_Carew_Tower.jpg/600px-Chandelier%2C_Carew_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chandelier%2C_Carew_Tower.jpg/800px-Chandelier%2C_Carew_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ceiling and chandelier detail on the lobby of the <a href="/wiki/Carew_Tower" title="Carew Tower">Carew Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, Ohio, by <a href="/wiki/Walter_W._Ahlschlager" title="Walter W. Ahlschlager">Walter W. Ahlschlager</a> (1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 298px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 296px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haltusch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Foyer of the Tuschinski Theatre in Amsterdam by Hijman Louis de Jong (1921)"><img alt="Foyer of the Tuschinski Theatre in Amsterdam by Hijman Louis de Jong (1921)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Haltusch.jpg/444px-Haltusch.jpg" decoding="async" width="296" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Haltusch.jpg/666px-Haltusch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Haltusch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Foyer of the <a href="/wiki/Tuschinski_Theatre" title="Tuschinski Theatre">Tuschinski Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> by Hijman Louis de Jong (1921)</div> </li> </ul> <p>The grand showcases of American Art Deco interior design were the lobbies of government buildings, theaters, and particularly office buildings. Interiors were extremely colorful and dynamic, combining sculpture, murals, and ornate geometric design in marble, glass, ceramics and stainless steel. An early example was the <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Building" title="Fisher Building">Fisher Building</a> in Detroit, by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Nathaniel_French" title="Joseph Nathaniel French">Joseph Nathaniel French</a>; the lobby was highly decorated with sculpture and ceramics. The <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Building" title="Guardian Building">Guardian Building</a> (originally the Union Trust Building) in Detroit, by <a href="/wiki/Wirt_Rowland" class="mw-redirect" title="Wirt Rowland">Wirt Rowland</a> (1929), decorated with red and black marble and brightly colored ceramics, highlighted by highly polished steel elevator doors and counters. The sculptural decoration installed in the walls illustrated the virtues of industry and saving; the building was immediately termed the "Cathedral of Commerce". The Medical and Dental Building called <a href="/wiki/450_Sutter_Street" title="450 Sutter Street">450 Sutter Street</a> in San Francisco by <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pflueger" class="mw-redirect" title="Timothy Pflueger">Timothy Pflueger</a> was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Mayan</a> architecture, in a highly stylized form; it used pyramid shapes, and the interior walls were covered with highly stylized rows of hieroglyphs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988198–200_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988198–200-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In France, the best example of an Art Deco interior during this period was the <a href="/wiki/Palais_de_la_Porte_Dor%C3%A9e" title="Palais de la Porte Dorée">Palais de la Porte Dorée</a> (1931) by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Laprade" title="Albert Laprade">Albert Laprade</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jaussely" title="Léon Jaussely">Léon Jaussely</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bazin" title="Léon Bazin">Léon Bazin</a>. The building (now the National Museum of Immigration, with an aquarium in the basement) was built for the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Colonial_Exposition" title="Paris Colonial Exposition">Paris Colonial Exposition</a> of 1931, to celebrate the people and products of French colonies. The exterior façade was entirely covered with sculpture, and the lobby created an Art Deco harmony with a wood parquet floor in a geometric pattern, a mural depicting the people of French colonies; and a harmonious composition of vertical doors and horizontal balconies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988198–200_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988198–200-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Movie_palaces">Movie palaces</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Movie palaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pathe_Tuschinski.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tuschinski Theatre in Amsterdam by Hijman Louis de Jong and Willem Kromhout (1921)"><img alt="Tuschinski Theatre in Amsterdam by Hijman Louis de Jong and Willem Kromhout (1921)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pathe_Tuschinski.jpg/219px-Pathe_Tuschinski.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pathe_Tuschinski.jpg/329px-Pathe_Tuschinski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pathe_Tuschinski.jpg/439px-Pathe_Tuschinski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2995" data-file-height="4093" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tuschinski_Theatre" title="Tuschinski Theatre">Tuschinski Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> by Hijman Louis de Jong and Willem Kromhout (1921)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 159.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 157.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Graumanegyptian-opening1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood (Los Angeles), California, by Meyer & Holler (1922)"><img alt="Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood (Los Angeles), California, by Meyer & Holler (1922)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Graumanegyptian-opening1922.jpg/236px-Graumanegyptian-opening1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Graumanegyptian-opening1922.jpg/354px-Graumanegyptian-opening1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Graumanegyptian-opening1922.jpg/472px-Graumanegyptian-opening1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Grauman%27s_Egyptian_Theatre" title="Grauman's Egyptian Theatre">Grauman's Egyptian Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood (Los Angeles)</a>, California, by <a href="/wiki/Meyer_%26_Holler" title="Meyer & Holler">Meyer & Holler</a> (1922)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 304px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 302px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paramount_Theatre_in_Oakland,_California_LCCN2013635154.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Four-story high grand lobby of the Paramount Theatre in Oakland, California, by Timothy Pflueger (1932)"><img alt="Four-story high grand lobby of the Paramount Theatre in Oakland, California, by Timothy Pflueger (1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Paramount_Theatre_in_Oakland%2C_California_LCCN2013635154.tif/lossy-page1-453px-Paramount_Theatre_in_Oakland%2C_California_LCCN2013635154.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="302" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Paramount_Theatre_in_Oakland%2C_California_LCCN2013635154.tif/lossy-page1-679px-Paramount_Theatre_in_Oakland%2C_California_LCCN2013635154.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Paramount_Theatre_in_Oakland%2C_California_LCCN2013635154.tif/lossy-page1-905px-Paramount_Theatre_in_Oakland%2C_California_LCCN2013635154.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5768" data-file-height="3826" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Four-story high grand lobby of the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Theatre_(Oakland,_California)" title="Paramount Theatre (Oakland, California)">Paramount Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oakland" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland">Oakland</a>, California, by <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pflueger" class="mw-redirect" title="Timothy Pflueger">Timothy Pflueger</a> (1932)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_City_Music_Hall_3051638324_4a385c5623.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Auditorium and stage of Radio City Music Hall in New York City by Edward Durell Stone and Donald Deskey (1932)"><img alt="Auditorium and stage of Radio City Music Hall in New York City by Edward Durell Stone and Donald Deskey (1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Radio_City_Music_Hall_3051638324_4a385c5623.jpg/451px-Radio_City_Music_Hall_3051638324_4a385c5623.jpg" decoding="async" width="301" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Radio_City_Music_Hall_3051638324_4a385c5623.jpg/676px-Radio_City_Music_Hall_3051638324_4a385c5623.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Radio_City_Music_Hall_3051638324_4a385c5623.jpg/902px-Radio_City_Music_Hall_3051638324_4a385c5623.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Auditorium and stage of <a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Durell_Stone" title="Edward Durell Stone">Edward Durell Stone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Deskey" title="Donald Deskey">Donald Deskey</a> (1932)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Facade_Rex.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Rex in Paris by Auguste Bluysen, John Eberson, Henri-Édouard Navarre and Maurice Dufrêne (1932)"><img alt="Grand Rex in Paris by Auguste Bluysen, John Eberson, Henri-Édouard Navarre and Maurice Dufrêne (1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Facade_Rex.jpg/400px-Facade_Rex.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Facade_Rex.jpg/600px-Facade_Rex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Facade_Rex.jpg/800px-Facade_Rex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rex" title="Grand Rex">Grand Rex</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> by Auguste Bluysen, <a href="/wiki/John_Eberson" title="John Eberson">John Eberson</a>, Henri-Édouard Navarre and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Dufr%C3%AAne" title="Maurice Dufrêne">Maurice Dufrêne</a> (1932)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Paramount,_Shanghai.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Paramount in Shanghai, China, by S. J. Young (1933)"><img alt="The Paramount in Shanghai, China, by S. J. Young (1933)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/The_Paramount%2C_Shanghai.JPG/400px-The_Paramount%2C_Shanghai.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/The_Paramount%2C_Shanghai.JPG/600px-The_Paramount%2C_Shanghai.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/The_Paramount%2C_Shanghai.JPG/800px-The_Paramount%2C_Shanghai.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Paramount_(Shanghai)" title="Paramount (Shanghai)">Paramount</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China, by S. J. Young (1933)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaumont_State_Cinema_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gaumont State Cinema in London by George Coles (1937)"><img alt="Gaumont State Cinema in London by George Coles (1937)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gaumont_State_Cinema_Entrance.jpg/225px-Gaumont_State_Cinema_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gaumont_State_Cinema_Entrance.jpg/337px-Gaumont_State_Cinema_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gaumont_State_Cinema_Entrance.jpg/450px-Gaumont_State_Cinema_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gaumont_State_Cinema" title="Gaumont State Cinema">Gaumont State Cinema</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> by <a href="/wiki/George_Coles_(architect)" title="George Coles (architect)">George Coles</a> (1937)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Many of the best surviving examples of Art Deco are cinemas built in the 1920s and 1930s. The Art Deco period coincided with the conversion of silent films to sound, and movie companies built large display destinations in major cities to capture the huge audience that came to see movies. Movie palaces in the 1920s often combined exotic themes with Art Deco style; <a href="/wiki/Grauman%27s_Egyptian_Theatre" title="Grauman's Egyptian Theatre">Grauman's Egyptian Theatre</a> in Hollywood (1922) was inspired by ancient Egyptian tombs and <a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">pyramids</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Theater_(Bakersfield,_California)" title="Fox Theater (Bakersfield, California)">Fox Theater</a> in Bakersfield, California attached a tower in California Mission style to an Art Deco Hall. The largest of all is <a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> in New York City, which opened in 1932. Originally designed as theatrical performance space, it quickly transformed into a cinema, which could seat 6,015 customers. The interior design by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Deskey" title="Donald Deskey">Donald Deskey</a> used glass, aluminum, chrome, and leather to create a visual escape from reality. The <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Theatre_(Oakland,_California)" title="Paramount Theatre (Oakland, California)">Paramount Theatre</a> in Oakland, California, by Timothy Pflueger, had a colorful ceramic façade, a lobby four stories high, and separate Art Deco smoking rooms for gentlemen and ladies. Similar grand palaces appeared in Europe. The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rex" title="Grand Rex">Grand Rex</a> in Paris (1932), with its imposing tower, was the largest cinema in Europe after the 6,000 seats of the <a href="/wiki/Gaumont-Palace" title="Gaumont-Palace">Gaumont-Palace</a> (1931–1973). The <a href="/wiki/Gaumont_State_Cinema" title="Gaumont State Cinema">Gaumont State Cinema</a> in London (1937) had a tower modelled on the Empire State building, covered with cream ceramic tiles and an interior in an Art Deco-Italian Renaissance style. The <a href="/wiki/Paramount_(Shanghai)" title="Paramount (Shanghai)">Paramount</a> Theatre in Shanghai, China (1933) was originally built as a dance hall called <i>The gate of 100 pleasures</i>; it was converted to a cinema after the Communist Revolution in 1949, and now is a ballroom and disco. In the 1930s Italian architects built a small movie palace, the Cinema Impero, in <a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a> in what is now Eritrea. Today, many of the movie theatres have been subdivided into multiplexes, but others have been restored and are used as cultural centres in their communities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988197–199_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988197–199-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decoration_and_motifs">Decoration and motifs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Decoration and motifs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Door_decoration,_55_quai_d%27Orsay,_Paris_75007,_23_December_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Birds – Quai d'Orsay no. 55 in Paris, designed by Louis-Hippolyte Boileau and carved by Léon Binet (1913)"><img alt="Birds – Quai d'Orsay no. 55 in Paris, designed by Louis-Hippolyte Boileau and carved by Léon Binet (1913)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Door_decoration%2C_55_quai_d%27Orsay%2C_Paris_75007%2C_23_December_2016.jpg/180px-Door_decoration%2C_55_quai_d%27Orsay%2C_Paris_75007%2C_23_December_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Door_decoration%2C_55_quai_d%27Orsay%2C_Paris_75007%2C_23_December_2016.jpg/270px-Door_decoration%2C_55_quai_d%27Orsay%2C_Paris_75007%2C_23_December_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Door_decoration%2C_55_quai_d%27Orsay%2C_Paris_75007%2C_23_December_2016.jpg/360px-Door_decoration%2C_55_quai_d%27Orsay%2C_Paris_75007%2C_23_December_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Birds – <a href="/wiki/Quai_d%27Orsay" title="Quai d'Orsay">Quai d'Orsay</a> no. 55 in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Louis-Hippolyte_Boileau" title="Louis-Hippolyte Boileau">Louis-Hippolyte Boileau</a> and carved by Léon Binet (1913)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 224px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 222px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:44_Calea_C%C4%83l%C4%83ra%C8%99ilor,_Bucharest_(12).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Allegorical representations – Pediment of the Mihai Zisman House (Calea Călărașilor no. 44) in Bucharest, by Soru (1920)"><img alt="Allegorical representations – Pediment of the Mihai Zisman House (Calea Călărașilor no. 44) in Bucharest, by Soru (1920)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/44_Calea_C%C4%83l%C4%83ra%C8%99ilor%2C_Bucharest_%2812%29.jpg/333px-44_Calea_C%C4%83l%C4%83ra%C8%99ilor%2C_Bucharest_%2812%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/44_Calea_C%C4%83l%C4%83ra%C8%99ilor%2C_Bucharest_%2812%29.jpg/500px-44_Calea_C%C4%83l%C4%83ra%C8%99ilor%2C_Bucharest_%2812%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/44_Calea_C%C4%83l%C4%83ra%C8%99ilor%2C_Bucharest_%2812%29.jpg/667px-44_Calea_C%C4%83l%C4%83ra%C8%99ilor%2C_Bucharest_%2812%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3522" data-file-height="2854" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Allegorical representations – <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">Pediment</a> of the Mihai Zisman House (Calea Călărașilor no. 44) in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, by Soru (1920)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parfumerie_Orsay_fronton.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Stylized flowers (especially spiral flowers and converging fascicles) – Architectural element for the Parfumerie d'Orsay in Paris, by Georges Béal (1922)"><img alt="Stylized flowers (especially spiral flowers and converging fascicles) – Architectural element for the Parfumerie d'Orsay in Paris, by Georges Béal (1922)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Parfumerie_Orsay_fronton.tif/lossy-page1-198px-Parfumerie_Orsay_fronton.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Parfumerie_Orsay_fronton.tif/lossy-page1-297px-Parfumerie_Orsay_fronton.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Parfumerie_Orsay_fronton.tif/lossy-page1-396px-Parfumerie_Orsay_fronton.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1575" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stylized flowers (especially spiral flowers and converging fascicles) – Architectural element for the Parfumerie d'Orsay in Paris, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_B%C3%A9al&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Béal (page does not exist)">Georges Béal</a> (1922)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emile-Jacques_Ruhlmann_(French,_1879-1933)._Corner_Cabinet,_ca._1923..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The urn – Corner cabinet made of mahogany with rose basket design of inlaid ivory, by Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann (1923), Brooklyn Museum, New York City"><img alt="The urn – Corner cabinet made of mahogany with rose basket design of inlaid ivory, by Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann (1923), Brooklyn Museum, New York City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Emile-Jacques_Ruhlmann_%28French%2C_1879-1933%29._Corner_Cabinet%2C_ca._1923..jpg/213px-Emile-Jacques_Ruhlmann_%28French%2C_1879-1933%29._Corner_Cabinet%2C_ca._1923..jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Emile-Jacques_Ruhlmann_%28French%2C_1879-1933%29._Corner_Cabinet%2C_ca._1923..jpg/320px-Emile-Jacques_Ruhlmann_%28French%2C_1879-1933%29._Corner_Cabinet%2C_ca._1923..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Emile-Jacques_Ruhlmann_%28French%2C_1879-1933%29._Corner_Cabinet%2C_ca._1923..jpg/427px-Emile-Jacques_Ruhlmann_%28French%2C_1879-1933%29._Corner_Cabinet%2C_ca._1923..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1214" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The urn – Corner cabinet made of <a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">mahogany</a> with rose basket design of inlaid ivory, by <a href="/wiki/Jacques-%C3%89mile_Ruhlmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann">Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann</a> (1923), <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>, New York City</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:41_Avenue_Montaigne,_75008_Paris,_France_27_December_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The flower basket – Balconies and pediment of Avenue Montaigne no. 41 in Paris, unknown architect or sculptor (1924)[111]"><img alt="The flower basket – Balconies and pediment of Avenue Montaigne no. 41 in Paris, unknown architect or sculptor (1924)[111]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/41_Avenue_Montaigne%2C_75008_Paris%2C_France_27_December_2016.jpg/180px-41_Avenue_Montaigne%2C_75008_Paris%2C_France_27_December_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/41_Avenue_Montaigne%2C_75008_Paris%2C_France_27_December_2016.jpg/270px-41_Avenue_Montaigne%2C_75008_Paris%2C_France_27_December_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/41_Avenue_Montaigne%2C_75008_Paris%2C_France_27_December_2016.jpg/360px-41_Avenue_Montaigne%2C_75008_Paris%2C_France_27_December_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The flower basket – Balconies and pediment of <a href="/wiki/Avenue_Montaigne" title="Avenue Montaigne">Avenue Montaigne</a> no. 41 in Paris, unknown architect or sculptor (1924)<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 119.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 117.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grille_of_the_Cheney_Silk_Company_Building,_New_York_City,_1925,_designed_by_the_French_metalworking_company_Ferrobrandt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Repeating patterns – Decorative ironwork of the Madison Belmont Building (Madison Avenue no. 181–183) in New York City, by Ferrobrandt (1925)[112]"><img alt="Repeating patterns – Decorative ironwork of the Madison Belmont Building (Madison Avenue no. 181–183) in New York City, by Ferrobrandt (1925)[112]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Grille_of_the_Cheney_Silk_Company_Building%2C_New_York_City%2C_1925%2C_designed_by_the_French_metalworking_company_Ferrobrandt.jpg/176px-Grille_of_the_Cheney_Silk_Company_Building%2C_New_York_City%2C_1925%2C_designed_by_the_French_metalworking_company_Ferrobrandt.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Grille_of_the_Cheney_Silk_Company_Building%2C_New_York_City%2C_1925%2C_designed_by_the_French_metalworking_company_Ferrobrandt.jpg/264px-Grille_of_the_Cheney_Silk_Company_Building%2C_New_York_City%2C_1925%2C_designed_by_the_French_metalworking_company_Ferrobrandt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Grille_of_the_Cheney_Silk_Company_Building%2C_New_York_City%2C_1925%2C_designed_by_the_French_metalworking_company_Ferrobrandt.jpg/352px-Grille_of_the_Cheney_Silk_Company_Building%2C_New_York_City%2C_1925%2C_designed_by_the_French_metalworking_company_Ferrobrandt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="906" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Repeating patterns – Decorative ironwork of the <a href="/wiki/Madison_Belmont_Building" title="Madison Belmont Building">Madison Belmont Building</a> (Madison Avenue no. 181–183) in New York City, by <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Brandt" title="Edgar Brandt">Ferrobrandt</a> (1925)<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 254.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 252.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Porte_d%27honneur,_by_Edgar_Brandt,_1925,_at_the_International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The papyrus flower – Porte d'honneur, at the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in Paris, by Edgar Brandt (1925)[113]"><img alt="The papyrus flower – Porte d'honneur, at the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in Paris, by Edgar Brandt (1925)[113]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Porte_d%27honneur%2C_by_Edgar_Brandt%2C_1925%2C_at_the_International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts.jpg/379px-Porte_d%27honneur%2C_by_Edgar_Brandt%2C_1925%2C_at_the_International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts.jpg" decoding="async" width="253" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Porte_d%27honneur%2C_by_Edgar_Brandt%2C_1925%2C_at_the_International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts.jpg/568px-Porte_d%27honneur%2C_by_Edgar_Brandt%2C_1925%2C_at_the_International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Porte_d%27honneur%2C_by_Edgar_Brandt%2C_1925%2C_at_the_International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts.jpg/757px-Porte_d%27honneur%2C_by_Edgar_Brandt%2C_1925%2C_at_the_International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1173" data-file-height="837" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Cyperus_papyrus" title="Cyperus papyrus">papyrus</a> flower – Porte d'honneur, at the <a href="/wiki/International_Exhibition_of_Modern_Decorative_and_Industrial_Arts" title="International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts">International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts</a> in Paris, by Edgar Brandt (1925)<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 120.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 118.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edgar_brandt,_porte_da_ascensore_in_ferro,_vetro_e_bronzo,_francia_1926_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The foliage scroll – Elevator doors, by Brandt (1926), wrought iron, glass, patinated and gilded bronze, Calouste Gulbenkian Museum, Lisbon[114]"><img alt="The foliage scroll – Elevator doors, by Brandt (1926), wrought iron, glass, patinated and gilded bronze, Calouste Gulbenkian Museum, Lisbon[114]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Edgar_brandt%2C_porte_da_ascensore_in_ferro%2C_vetro_e_bronzo%2C_francia_1926_02.jpg/178px-Edgar_brandt%2C_porte_da_ascensore_in_ferro%2C_vetro_e_bronzo%2C_francia_1926_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Edgar_brandt%2C_porte_da_ascensore_in_ferro%2C_vetro_e_bronzo%2C_francia_1926_02.jpg/267px-Edgar_brandt%2C_porte_da_ascensore_in_ferro%2C_vetro_e_bronzo%2C_francia_1926_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Edgar_brandt%2C_porte_da_ascensore_in_ferro%2C_vetro_e_bronzo%2C_francia_1926_02.jpg/356px-Edgar_brandt%2C_porte_da_ascensore_in_ferro%2C_vetro_e_bronzo%2C_francia_1926_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2142" data-file-height="3246" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The foliage <a href="/wiki/Scroll_(art)" title="Scroll (art)">scroll</a> – Elevator doors, by Brandt (1926), wrought iron, glass, patinated and gilded bronze, <a href="/wiki/Calouste_Gulbenkian_Museum" title="Calouste Gulbenkian Museum">Calouste Gulbenkian Museum</a>, Lisbon<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 121.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 119.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustave_Simon_caveau.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Simplified reinterpretations of the Doric columns (with a basic rectangular capital or base, or just as a shaft) – Grave of Gustave Simon in Préville Cemetery, Nancy, France, unknown architect (after 1926)"><img alt="Simplified reinterpretations of the Doric columns (with a basic rectangular capital or base, or just as a shaft) – Grave of Gustave Simon in Préville Cemetery, Nancy, France, unknown architect (after 1926)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gustave_Simon_caveau.jpg/179px-Gustave_Simon_caveau.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gustave_Simon_caveau.jpg/269px-Gustave_Simon_caveau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gustave_Simon_caveau.jpg/359px-Gustave_Simon_caveau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Simplified reinterpretations of the Doric columns (with a basic rectangular <a href="/wiki/Capital_(architecture)" title="Capital (architecture)">capital</a> or base, or just as a shaft) – Grave of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustave_Simon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustave Simon (page does not exist)">Gustave Simon</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9ville_Cemetery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Préville Cemetery (page does not exist)">Préville Cemetery</a>, Nancy, France, unknown architect (after 1926)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Withuis_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Decoration not just through ornaments, but also through combinations of volumes - Withuis (Avenue Charles Woeste no. 183) in Brussels, Belgium, by Joseph Diongre (1927)[115]"><img alt="Decoration not just through ornaments, but also through combinations of volumes - Withuis (Avenue Charles Woeste no. 183) in Brussels, Belgium, by Joseph Diongre (1927)[115]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Withuis_-_01.jpg/189px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Withuis_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Withuis_-_01.jpg/283px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Withuis_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Withuis_-_01.jpg/377px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Withuis_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4464" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Decoration not just through ornaments, but also through combinations of volumes - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Withuis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Withuis (page does not exist)">Withuis</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Avenue_Charles_Woeste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avenue Charles Woeste (page does not exist)">Avenue Charles Woeste</a> no. 183) in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Diongre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Diongre (page does not exist)">Joseph Diongre</a> (1927)<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 246px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 244px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stage_design_for_Me%C8%99terul_Manole_(The_Master_Builder_Manole),_by_Victor_Feodorov,_1927-1928,_collection_of_the_National_Theatre,_Bucharest,_Romania.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ingenious games of light and darkness – Stage design for Meșterul Manole (The Master Builder Manole), by Victor Feodorov (1927–28), collection of the National Theatre, Bucharest"><img alt="Ingenious games of light and darkness – Stage design for Meșterul Manole (The Master Builder Manole), by Victor Feodorov (1927–28), collection of the National Theatre, Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Stage_design_for_Me%C8%99terul_Manole_%28The_Master_Builder_Manole%29%2C_by_Victor_Feodorov%2C_1927-1928%2C_collection_of_the_National_Theatre%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania.jpg/366px-Stage_design_for_Me%C8%99terul_Manole_%28The_Master_Builder_Manole%29%2C_by_Victor_Feodorov%2C_1927-1928%2C_collection_of_the_National_Theatre%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania.jpg" decoding="async" width="244" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Stage_design_for_Me%C8%99terul_Manole_%28The_Master_Builder_Manole%29%2C_by_Victor_Feodorov%2C_1927-1928%2C_collection_of_the_National_Theatre%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania.jpg/548px-Stage_design_for_Me%C8%99terul_Manole_%28The_Master_Builder_Manole%29%2C_by_Victor_Feodorov%2C_1927-1928%2C_collection_of_the_National_Theatre%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Stage_design_for_Me%C8%99terul_Manole_%28The_Master_Builder_Manole%29%2C_by_Victor_Feodorov%2C_1927-1928%2C_collection_of_the_National_Theatre%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania.jpg/731px-Stage_design_for_Me%C8%99terul_Manole_%28The_Master_Builder_Manole%29%2C_by_Victor_Feodorov%2C_1927-1928%2C_collection_of_the_National_Theatre%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3530" data-file-height="2608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ingenious games of light and darkness – Stage design for <a href="/wiki/Me%C8%99terul_Manole" title="Meșterul Manole">Meșterul Manole</a> (The Master Builder Manole), by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Feodorov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Feodorov (page does not exist)">Victor Feodorov</a> (1927–28), collection of the <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_Bucharest" title="National Theatre Bucharest">National Theatre</a>, Bucharest</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_La_Samaritaine_374.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The octagon-shaped medallion – Sign of the La Samaritaine department store in Paris, by Henri Sauvage (1928)[116]"><img alt="The octagon-shaped medallion – Sign of the La Samaritaine department store in Paris, by Henri Sauvage (1928)[116]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Paris_La_Samaritaine_374.JPG/406px-Paris_La_Samaritaine_374.JPG" decoding="async" width="271" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Paris_La_Samaritaine_374.JPG/608px-Paris_La_Samaritaine_374.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Paris_La_Samaritaine_374.JPG/811px-Paris_La_Samaritaine_374.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3822" data-file-height="2545" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The octagon-shaped <a href="/wiki/Medallion_(architecture)" title="Medallion (architecture)">medallion</a> – Sign of the <a href="/wiki/La_Samaritaine" title="La Samaritaine">La Samaritaine</a> department store in Paris, by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Sauvage" title="Henri Sauvage">Henri Sauvage</a> (1928)<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Maison_Bleue,_porte_d%27entr%C3%A9e_-_Angers_-_20110119.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mosaics – Maison bleue (Rue d'Alsace no. 28) in Angers, France, designed by Roger Jusserand, and decorated with mosaics by the Odorico fréres (1928)"><img alt="Mosaics – Maison bleue (Rue d'Alsace no. 28) in Angers, France, designed by Roger Jusserand, and decorated with mosaics by the Odorico fréres (1928)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/La_Maison_Bleue%2C_porte_d%27entr%C3%A9e_-_Angers_-_20110119.jpg/180px-La_Maison_Bleue%2C_porte_d%27entr%C3%A9e_-_Angers_-_20110119.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/La_Maison_Bleue%2C_porte_d%27entr%C3%A9e_-_Angers_-_20110119.jpg/270px-La_Maison_Bleue%2C_porte_d%27entr%C3%A9e_-_Angers_-_20110119.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/La_Maison_Bleue%2C_porte_d%27entr%C3%A9e_-_Angers_-_20110119.jpg/360px-La_Maison_Bleue%2C_porte_d%27entr%C3%A9e_-_Angers_-_20110119.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2746" data-file-height="4119" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mosaics – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maison_bleue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maison bleue (page does not exist)">Maison bleue</a> (Rue d'Alsace no. 28) in <a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a>, France, designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Jusserand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Jusserand (page does not exist)">Roger Jusserand</a>, and decorated with mosaics by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odorico_fr%C3%A9res&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odorico fréres (page does not exist)">Odorico fréres</a> (1928)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:28_Brook_Street,_Mayfair,_January_2022_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vertical mouldings – Greybrook House (Brook Street no. 28) in London, by Sir John Burnet & Partners (1928–29)[117]"><img alt="Vertical mouldings – Greybrook House (Brook Street no. 28) in London, by Sir John Burnet & Partners (1928–29)[117]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/28_Brook_Street%2C_Mayfair%2C_January_2022_01.jpg/202px-28_Brook_Street%2C_Mayfair%2C_January_2022_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/28_Brook_Street%2C_Mayfair%2C_January_2022_01.jpg/304px-28_Brook_Street%2C_Mayfair%2C_January_2022_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/28_Brook_Street%2C_Mayfair%2C_January_2022_01.jpg/405px-28_Brook_Street%2C_Mayfair%2C_January_2022_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vertical mouldings – Greybrook House (<a href="/wiki/Brook_Street,_London" title="Brook Street, London">Brook Street</a> no. 28) in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_John_Burnet_%26_Partners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir John Burnet & Partners (page does not exist)">Sir John Burnet & Partners</a> (1928–29)<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rotterdam_-_Atlantic_Huis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Horizontal mouldings – Atlantic Huis (Westplein no. 51) in Rotterdam, by P.G. Buskens (1928–1930)"><img alt="Horizontal mouldings – Atlantic Huis (Westplein no. 51) in Rotterdam, by P.G. Buskens (1928–1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Rotterdam_-_Atlantic_Huis.jpg/405px-Rotterdam_-_Atlantic_Huis.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Rotterdam_-_Atlantic_Huis.jpg/608px-Rotterdam_-_Atlantic_Huis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Rotterdam_-_Atlantic_Huis.jpg/810px-Rotterdam_-_Atlantic_Huis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Horizontal mouldings – <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Huis" title="Atlantic Huis">Atlantic Huis</a> (Westplein no. 51) in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piet_Buskens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piet Buskens (page does not exist)">P.G. Buskens</a> (1928–1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrysler_Building_Entrance_-_New_York,_NY,_USA_-_August_18,_2015_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The stepped motif – Entrance hall of the Chrysler Building in New York City, by William Van Allen (1928–1930)"><img alt="The stepped motif – Entrance hall of the Chrysler Building in New York City, by William Van Allen (1928–1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Chrysler_Building_Entrance_-_New_York%2C_NY%2C_USA_-_August_18%2C_2015_04.jpg/180px-Chrysler_Building_Entrance_-_New_York%2C_NY%2C_USA_-_August_18%2C_2015_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Chrysler_Building_Entrance_-_New_York%2C_NY%2C_USA_-_August_18%2C_2015_04.jpg/270px-Chrysler_Building_Entrance_-_New_York%2C_NY%2C_USA_-_August_18%2C_2015_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Chrysler_Building_Entrance_-_New_York%2C_NY%2C_USA_-_August_18%2C_2015_04.jpg/360px-Chrysler_Building_Entrance_-_New_York%2C_NY%2C_USA_-_August_18%2C_2015_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4104" data-file-height="6156" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The stepped motif – Entrance hall of the <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Building" title="Chrysler Building">Chrysler Building</a> in New York City, by <a href="/wiki/William_Van_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="William Van Allen">William Van Allen</a> (1928–1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamp_-_Paul_Kiss_(38691617495).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The artesian fountain – Lamp, by Paul Kiss (c. 1930), glass and metal, in a temporary exhibition called the "Jazz Age" at the Cleveland Museum of Art, US"><img alt="The artesian fountain – Lamp, by Paul Kiss (c. 1930), glass and metal, in a temporary exhibition called the "Jazz Age" at the Cleveland Museum of Art, US" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lamp_-_Paul_Kiss_%2838691617495%29.jpg/180px-Lamp_-_Paul_Kiss_%2838691617495%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lamp_-_Paul_Kiss_%2838691617495%29.jpg/270px-Lamp_-_Paul_Kiss_%2838691617495%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lamp_-_Paul_Kiss_%2838691617495%29.jpg/360px-Lamp_-_Paul_Kiss_%2838691617495%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1667" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The artesian fountain – Lamp, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Kiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Kiss (page does not exist)">Paul Kiss</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1930</span>), glass and metal, in a temporary exhibition called the "Jazz Age" at the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a>, US</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:77_avenue_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es,_Paris_8e_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The cornucopia – Avenue des Champs-Élysées no. 77 in Paris, unknown architect (c. 1930)"><img alt="The cornucopia – Avenue des Champs-Élysées no. 77 in Paris, unknown architect (c. 1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/77_avenue_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_Paris_8e_5.jpg/405px-77_avenue_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_Paris_8e_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/77_avenue_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_Paris_8e_5.jpg/608px-77_avenue_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_Paris_8e_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/77_avenue_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_Paris_8e_5.jpg/810px-77_avenue_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_Paris_8e_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5403" data-file-height="3602" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The cornucopia – <a href="/wiki/Avenue_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" class="mw-redirect" title="Avenue des Champs-Élysées">Avenue des Champs-Élysées</a> no. 77 in Paris, unknown architect (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1930</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Console_table_detail_02_-_Paul_Feh%C3%A9r_(25893303288).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Complex zigzags – Foot of a console table, by Paul Fehér (c. 1930), metal, in a temporary exhibition called the "Jazz Age" at the Cleveland Museum of Art"><img alt="Complex zigzags – Foot of a console table, by Paul Fehér (c. 1930), metal, in a temporary exhibition called the "Jazz Age" at the Cleveland Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Console_table_detail_02_-_Paul_Feh%C3%A9r_%2825893303288%29.jpg/405px-Console_table_detail_02_-_Paul_Feh%C3%A9r_%2825893303288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Console_table_detail_02_-_Paul_Feh%C3%A9r_%2825893303288%29.jpg/608px-Console_table_detail_02_-_Paul_Feh%C3%A9r_%2825893303288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Console_table_detail_02_-_Paul_Feh%C3%A9r_%2825893303288%29.jpg/810px-Console_table_detail_02_-_Paul_Feh%C3%A9r_%2825893303288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Complex zigzags – Foot of a console table, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Feh%C3%A9r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Fehér (page does not exist)">Paul Fehér</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1930</span>), metal, in a temporary exhibition called the "Jazz Age" at the Cleveland Museum of Art</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Immeuble,_17-21_rue_Gramme_(11Fi_4578).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Streamlining – Rue Gramme no. 17–21 in Paris, by Marcel Chappey (1930)"><img alt="Streamlining – Rue Gramme no. 17–21 in Paris, by Marcel Chappey (1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Immeuble%2C_17-21_rue_Gramme_%2811Fi_4578%29.jpg/201px-Immeuble%2C_17-21_rue_Gramme_%2811Fi_4578%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Immeuble%2C_17-21_rue_Gramme_%2811Fi_4578%29.jpg/302px-Immeuble%2C_17-21_rue_Gramme_%2811Fi_4578%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Immeuble%2C_17-21_rue_Gramme_%2811Fi_4578%29.jpg/403px-Immeuble%2C_17-21_rue_Gramme_%2811Fi_4578%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2237" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamlining</a> – Rue Gramme no. 17–21 in Paris, by Marcel Chappey (1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Columbia_Building-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The sunburst – Detail above the entrance of the Eastern Columbia Building (S. Broadway no. 849) in L.A., by Claud Beelman (1930)"><img alt="The sunburst – Detail above the entrance of the Eastern Columbia Building (S. Broadway no. 849) in L.A., by Claud Beelman (1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Eastern_Columbia_Building-6.jpg/180px-Eastern_Columbia_Building-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Eastern_Columbia_Building-6.jpg/270px-Eastern_Columbia_Building-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Eastern_Columbia_Building-6.jpg/360px-Eastern_Columbia_Building-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3593" data-file-height="5390" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The sunburst – Detail above the entrance of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Columbia_Building" title="Eastern Columbia Building">Eastern Columbia Building</a> (S. Broadway no. 849) in L.A., by <a href="/wiki/Claud_Beelman" title="Claud Beelman">Claud Beelman</a> (1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Vuitton_Maison_Champs_%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_(49570496372).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An aesthetic of artificial lighting – Maison de France (now showroom for Louis Vuitton), Avenue des Champs-Élysées no. 101 in Paris, by Louis-Hippolyte Boileau and Charles-Henri Besnard (1931)[118]"><img alt="An aesthetic of artificial lighting – Maison de France (now showroom for Louis Vuitton), Avenue des Champs-Élysées no. 101 in Paris, by Louis-Hippolyte Boileau and Charles-Henri Besnard (1931)[118]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Louis_Vuitton_Maison_Champs_%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_%2849570496372%29.jpg/360px-Louis_Vuitton_Maison_Champs_%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_%2849570496372%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Louis_Vuitton_Maison_Champs_%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_%2849570496372%29.jpg/540px-Louis_Vuitton_Maison_Champs_%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_%2849570496372%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Louis_Vuitton_Maison_Champs_%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_%2849570496372%29.jpg/720px-Louis_Vuitton_Maison_Champs_%C3%89lys%C3%A9es_%2849570496372%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5056" data-file-height="3792" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An aesthetic of artificial lighting – Maison de France (now showroom for <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vuitton" title="Louis Vuitton">Louis Vuitton</a>), Avenue des Champs-Élysées no. 101 in Paris, by <a href="/wiki/Louis-Hippolyte_Boileau" title="Louis-Hippolyte Boileau">Louis-Hippolyte Boileau</a> and Charles-Henri Besnard (1931)<sup id="cite_ref-SIMETRIA_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMETRIA-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 169.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 167.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucharest_-_Strada_Ion_C%C3%A2mpineanu_11_(cropped_top).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ziggurat – Union Hotel (Strada Ion Câmpineanu no. 11) in Bucharest, by Arghir Culina (1931)[118]"><img alt="Ziggurat – Union Hotel (Strada Ion Câmpineanu no. 11) in Bucharest, by Arghir Culina (1931)[118]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Bucharest_-_Strada_Ion_C%C3%A2mpineanu_11_%28cropped_top%29.jpg/251px-Bucharest_-_Strada_Ion_C%C3%A2mpineanu_11_%28cropped_top%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Bucharest_-_Strada_Ion_C%C3%A2mpineanu_11_%28cropped_top%29.jpg/377px-Bucharest_-_Strada_Ion_C%C3%A2mpineanu_11_%28cropped_top%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Bucharest_-_Strada_Ion_C%C3%A2mpineanu_11_%28cropped_top%29.jpg/502px-Bucharest_-_Strada_Ion_C%C3%A2mpineanu_11_%28cropped_top%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1511" data-file-height="1624" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ziggurat" title="Ziggurat">Ziggurat</a> – Union Hotel (Strada Ion Câmpineanu no. 11) in Bucharest, by Arghir Culina (1931)<sup id="cite_ref-SIMETRIA_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMETRIA-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Villa_Cavrois_le_vestibule_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vertical and horizontal luminous surfaces – Entrance hall of the Villa Cavrois in Croix, France, by Rob Mallet-Stevens (1932)[119]"><img alt="Vertical and horizontal luminous surfaces – Entrance hall of the Villa Cavrois in Croix, France, by Rob Mallet-Stevens (1932)[119]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Villa_Cavrois_le_vestibule_%28cropped%29.jpg/192px-Villa_Cavrois_le_vestibule_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Villa_Cavrois_le_vestibule_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-Villa_Cavrois_le_vestibule_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Villa_Cavrois_le_vestibule_%28cropped%29.jpg/384px-Villa_Cavrois_le_vestibule_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2194" data-file-height="3086" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vertical and horizontal luminous surfaces – Entrance hall of the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Cavrois" title="Villa Cavrois">Villa Cavrois</a> in <a href="/wiki/Croix,_Nord" title="Croix, Nord">Croix</a>, France, by <a href="/wiki/Rob_Mallet-Stevens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rob Mallet-Stevens">Rob Mallet-Stevens</a> (1932)<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 103.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 101.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_the_colonel_Paul_Str%C4%83jescu_Family_in_the_Bellu_Cemetery_in_Bucharest,_Romania_(08).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The undulating line – Relief on the Grave of the Străjescu Family in Bellu Cemetery, Bucharest, by George Cristinel (1934)[120]"><img alt="The undulating line – Relief on the Grave of the Străjescu Family in Bellu Cemetery, Bucharest, by George Cristinel (1934)[120]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Grave_of_the_colonel_Paul_Str%C4%83jescu_Family_in_the_Bellu_Cemetery_in_Bucharest%2C_Romania_%2808%29.jpg/152px-Grave_of_the_colonel_Paul_Str%C4%83jescu_Family_in_the_Bellu_Cemetery_in_Bucharest%2C_Romania_%2808%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Grave_of_the_colonel_Paul_Str%C4%83jescu_Family_in_the_Bellu_Cemetery_in_Bucharest%2C_Romania_%2808%29.jpg/227px-Grave_of_the_colonel_Paul_Str%C4%83jescu_Family_in_the_Bellu_Cemetery_in_Bucharest%2C_Romania_%2808%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Grave_of_the_colonel_Paul_Str%C4%83jescu_Family_in_the_Bellu_Cemetery_in_Bucharest%2C_Romania_%2808%29.jpg/303px-Grave_of_the_colonel_Paul_Str%C4%83jescu_Family_in_the_Bellu_Cemetery_in_Bucharest%2C_Romania_%2808%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1791" data-file-height="3187" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The undulating line – Relief on the Grave of the Străjescu Family in <a href="/wiki/Bellu_Cemetery" title="Bellu Cemetery">Bellu Cemetery</a>, Bucharest, by George Cristinel (1934)<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edificio_del_Parque_-_detalle_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Decorative stylized lettering – Edificio del Parque in Mexico City, by Ernesto Buenrostro (1935)"><img alt="Decorative stylized lettering – Edificio del Parque in Mexico City, by Ernesto Buenrostro (1935)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Edificio_del_Parque_-_detalle_2.jpg/405px-Edificio_del_Parque_-_detalle_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Edificio_del_Parque_-_detalle_2.jpg/608px-Edificio_del_Parque_-_detalle_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Edificio_del_Parque_-_detalle_2.jpg/810px-Edificio_del_Parque_-_detalle_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Decorative stylized lettering – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edificio_del_Parque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edificio del Parque (page does not exist)">Edificio del Parque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Buenrostro" title="Ernesto Buenrostro">Ernesto Buenrostro</a> (1935)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Decoration in the Art Deco period went through several distinct phases. Between 1910 and 1920, as Art Nouveau was exhausted, design styles saw a return to tradition, particularly in the work of Paul Iribe. In 1912 André Vera published an essay in the magazine <i>L'Art Décoratif</i> calling for a return to the craftsmanship and materials of earlier centuries and using a new repertoire of forms taken from nature, particularly baskets and garlands of fruit and flowers. A second tendency of Art Deco, also from 1910 to 1920, was inspired by the bright colours of the artistic movement known as the <a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauves</a> and by the colourful costumes and sets of the Ballets Russes. This style was often expressed with exotic materials such as sharkskin, mother of pearl, ivory, tinted leather, lacquered and painted wood, and decorative inlays on furniture that emphasized its geometry. This period of the style reached its high point in the 1925 Paris Exposition of Decorative Arts. In the late 1920s and the 1930s, the decorative style changed, inspired by new materials and technologies. It became sleeker and less ornamental. Furniture, like architecture, began to have rounded edges and to take on a polished, streamlined look, taken from the streamline modern style. New materials, such as nickel or chrome-plated steel, aluminium and <a href="/wiki/Bakelite" title="Bakelite">bakelite</a>, an early form of plastic, began to appear in furniture and decoration.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the Art Deco period, and particularly in the 1930s, the motifs of the décor expressed the function of the building. Theatres were decorated with sculpture which illustrated music, dance, and excitement; power companies showed sunrises, the Chrysler building showed stylized hood ornaments; The friezes of Palais de la Porte Dorée at the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition showed the faces of the different nationalities of French colonies. The Streamline style made it appear that the building itself was in motion. The WPA murals of the 1930s featured ordinary people; factory workers, postal workers, families and farmers, in place of classical heroes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988250_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988250-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Avenue_Montaigne_(47128639262).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Curvy – Avenue Montaigne no. 26, Paris, by Louis Duhayon and Marcel Julien (1937)[52]"><img alt="Curvy – Avenue Montaigne no. 26, Paris, by Louis Duhayon and Marcel Julien (1937)[52]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Avenue_Montaigne_%2847128639262%29.jpg/405px-Avenue_Montaigne_%2847128639262%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Avenue_Montaigne_%2847128639262%29.jpg/608px-Avenue_Montaigne_%2847128639262%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Avenue_Montaigne_%2847128639262%29.jpg/810px-Avenue_Montaigne_%2847128639262%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Curvy – <a href="/wiki/Avenue_Montaigne" title="Avenue Montaigne">Avenue Montaigne</a> no. 26, Paris, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Duhayon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Duhayon (page does not exist)">Louis Duhayon</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Julien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Julien (page does not exist)">Marcel Julien</a> (1937)<sup id="cite_ref-pss-archi_eu_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pss-archi_eu-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 137.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 135.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrysler_Building_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Angular – Entrance of the Chrysler Building in New York City, by William Van Allen (1928–1930)"><img alt="Angular – Entrance of the Chrysler Building in New York City, by William Van Allen (1928–1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Chrysler_Building_Entrance.jpg/203px-Chrysler_Building_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Chrysler_Building_Entrance.jpg/304px-Chrysler_Building_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Chrysler_Building_Entrance.jpg/405px-Chrysler_Building_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3448" data-file-height="4592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Angular – Entrance of the <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Building" title="Chrysler Building">Chrysler Building</a> in New York City, by <a href="/wiki/William_Van_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="William Van Allen">William Van Allen</a> (1928–1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ministry_of_Justice_in_Bucharest,_former_Veterinary_Physicians%27_Society_Building,_now_National_Magistracy_Institute_(07).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Asymmetric - Ministry of Justice (Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta no. 53), Bucharest, by Constantin Iotzu (1929–1932)"><img alt="Asymmetric - Ministry of Justice (Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta no. 53), Bucharest, by Constantin Iotzu (1929–1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ministry_of_Justice_in_Bucharest%2C_former_Veterinary_Physicians%27_Society_Building%2C_now_National_Magistracy_Institute_%2807%29.jpg/198px-Ministry_of_Justice_in_Bucharest%2C_former_Veterinary_Physicians%27_Society_Building%2C_now_National_Magistracy_Institute_%2807%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ministry_of_Justice_in_Bucharest%2C_former_Veterinary_Physicians%27_Society_Building%2C_now_National_Magistracy_Institute_%2807%29.jpg/298px-Ministry_of_Justice_in_Bucharest%2C_former_Veterinary_Physicians%27_Society_Building%2C_now_National_Magistracy_Institute_%2807%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ministry_of_Justice_in_Bucharest%2C_former_Veterinary_Physicians%27_Society_Building%2C_now_National_Magistracy_Institute_%2807%29.jpg/397px-Ministry_of_Justice_in_Bucharest%2C_former_Veterinary_Physicians%27_Society_Building%2C_now_National_Magistracy_Institute_%2807%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2809" data-file-height="3819" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Asymmetric - Ministry of Justice (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulevardul_Regina_Elisabeta_(Bucharest)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta (Bucharest) (page does not exist)">Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta</a> no. 53), Bucharest, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_Iotzu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Iotzu (page does not exist)">Constantin Iotzu</a> (1929–1932)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:14_rue_Chomel_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Symmetric – Rue Chomel no. 14, Paris, designed by Émile Boursier and sculpted by Raymond Delamarre (1934)"><img alt="Symmetric – Rue Chomel no. 14, Paris, designed by Émile Boursier and sculpted by Raymond Delamarre (1934)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/14_rue_Chomel_Paris.jpg/202px-14_rue_Chomel_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/14_rue_Chomel_Paris.jpg/304px-14_rue_Chomel_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/14_rue_Chomel_Paris.jpg/405px-14_rue_Chomel_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3464" data-file-height="4618" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Symmetric – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rue_Chomel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rue Chomel (page does not exist)">Rue Chomel</a> no. 14, Paris, designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Boursier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Émile Boursier (page does not exist)">Émile Boursier</a> and sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Delamarre" title="Raymond Delamarre">Raymond Delamarre</a> (1934)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 262px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_full_-_1925_Edgar_Brandt_fire_screen_(39537375352).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maximalist – Fire screen, by Edgar Brandt (1925), wrought iron, in a temporary exhibition called the "Jazz Age" at the Cleveland Museum of Art, US"><img alt="Maximalist – Fire screen, by Edgar Brandt (1925), wrought iron, in a temporary exhibition called the "Jazz Age" at the Cleveland Museum of Art, US" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Front_full_-_1925_Edgar_Brandt_fire_screen_%2839537375352%29.jpg/390px-Front_full_-_1925_Edgar_Brandt_fire_screen_%2839537375352%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Front_full_-_1925_Edgar_Brandt_fire_screen_%2839537375352%29.jpg/585px-Front_full_-_1925_Edgar_Brandt_fire_screen_%2839537375352%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Front_full_-_1925_Edgar_Brandt_fire_screen_%2839537375352%29.jpg/780px-Front_full_-_1925_Edgar_Brandt_fire_screen_%2839537375352%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1732" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maximalist – Fire screen, by <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Brandt" title="Edgar Brandt">Edgar Brandt</a> (1925), wrought iron, in a temporary exhibition called the "<a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a>" at the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a>, US</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 273.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 271.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seattle_-_old_Federal_Court_House_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Minimalist – William K. Nakamura Federal Courthouse in Seattle, US, by Gilbert Stanley Underwood (1940)"><img alt="Minimalist – William K. Nakamura Federal Courthouse in Seattle, US, by Gilbert Stanley Underwood (1940)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Seattle_-_old_Federal_Court_House_04.jpg/407px-Seattle_-_old_Federal_Court_House_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Seattle_-_old_Federal_Court_House_04.jpg/610px-Seattle_-_old_Federal_Court_House_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Seattle_-_old_Federal_Court_House_04.jpg/813px-Seattle_-_old_Federal_Court_House_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Minimalist – <a href="/wiki/William_Kenzo_Nakamura_United_States_Courthouse" title="William Kenzo Nakamura United States Courthouse">William K. Nakamura Federal Courthouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, US, by <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stanley_Underwood" title="Gilbert Stanley Underwood">Gilbert Stanley Underwood</a> (1940)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Art Deco, like the complex times that engendered it, can best be characterized by a series of contradictions: minimalist vs maximalist, angular vs fluid, ziggurat vs streamline, symmetrical vs irregular, to name a few. The iconography chosen by Art Deco artists to express the period is also laden with contradictions. Fair maidens in 18th-century dress seem to coexist with chic sophisticated ladies and recumbent nudes, and flashes of lightning illuminate stylized rosebuds.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Furniture">Furniture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Furniture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_follot,_sedia,_parigi_1914-16_ca.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chair by Paul Follot (1912–1914)"><img alt="Chair by Paul Follot (1912–1914)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Paul_follot%2C_sedia%2C_parigi_1914-16_ca.JPG/181px-Paul_follot%2C_sedia%2C_parigi_1914-16_ca.JPG" decoding="async" width="121" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Paul_follot%2C_sedia%2C_parigi_1914-16_ca.JPG/271px-Paul_follot%2C_sedia%2C_parigi_1914-16_ca.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Paul_follot%2C_sedia%2C_parigi_1914-16_ca.JPG/362px-Paul_follot%2C_sedia%2C_parigi_1914-16_ca.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chair by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Follot" title="Paul Follot">Paul Follot</a> (1912–1914)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Deco_chair_and_screen_(1912_and_1920).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Armchair by Louis Süe (1912) and painted screen by André Mare (1920)"><img alt="Armchair by Louis Süe (1912) and painted screen by André Mare (1920)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Art_Deco_chair_and_screen_%281912_and_1920%29.jpg/300px-Art_Deco_chair_and_screen_%281912_and_1920%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Art_Deco_chair_and_screen_%281912_and_1920%29.jpg/450px-Art_Deco_chair_and_screen_%281912_and_1920%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Art_Deco_chair_and_screen_%281912_and_1920%29.jpg/600px-Art_Deco_chair_and_screen_%281912_and_1920%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1754" data-file-height="1754" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Armchair by <a href="/wiki/Louis_S%C3%BCe" title="Louis Süe">Louis Süe</a> (1912) and painted screen by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a> (1920)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 257.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Deco_dressing_table_(1919-20).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dressing table and chair of marble and encrusted, lacquered, and gilded wood by Follot (1919–20)"><img alt="Dressing table and chair of marble and encrusted, lacquered, and gilded wood by Follot (1919–20)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Art_Deco_dressing_table_%281919-20%29.jpg/383px-Art_Deco_dressing_table_%281919-20%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Art_Deco_dressing_table_%281919-20%29.jpg/574px-Art_Deco_dressing_table_%281919-20%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Art_Deco_dressing_table_%281919-20%29.jpg/765px-Art_Deco_dressing_table_%281919-20%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1856" data-file-height="1456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dressing table and chair of marble and encrusted, lacquered, and gilded wood by Follot (1919–20)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emile-Jacques_Ruhlmann_(French,_1879-1933)._Corner_Cabinet,_ca._1923..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Corner cabinet of Mahogany with rose basket design of inlaid ivory by Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann (1923)"><img alt="Corner cabinet of Mahogany with rose basket design of inlaid ivory by Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann (1923)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Emile-Jacques_Ruhlmann_%28French%2C_1879-1933%29._Corner_Cabinet%2C_ca._1923..jpg/237px-Emile-Jacques_Ruhlmann_%28French%2C_1879-1933%29._Corner_Cabinet%2C_ca._1923..jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Emile-Jacques_Ruhlmann_%28French%2C_1879-1933%29._Corner_Cabinet%2C_ca._1923..jpg/356px-Emile-Jacques_Ruhlmann_%28French%2C_1879-1933%29._Corner_Cabinet%2C_ca._1923..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Emile-Jacques_Ruhlmann_%28French%2C_1879-1933%29._Corner_Cabinet%2C_ca._1923..jpg/474px-Emile-Jacques_Ruhlmann_%28French%2C_1879-1933%29._Corner_Cabinet%2C_ca._1923..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1214" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Corner cabinet of Mahogany with rose basket design of inlaid ivory by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Jacques_Ruhlmann" title="Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann">Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann</a> (1923)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 116px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 114px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andr%C3%A9_Groult,_cassettone_antropomorphe,_parigi,_1925_ca.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cabinet covered with shagreen or sharkskin by André Groult (1925)"><img alt="Cabinet covered with shagreen or sharkskin by André Groult (1925)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Andr%C3%A9_Groult%2C_cassettone_antropomorphe%2C_parigi%2C_1925_ca.jpg/171px-Andr%C3%A9_Groult%2C_cassettone_antropomorphe%2C_parigi%2C_1925_ca.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Andr%C3%A9_Groult%2C_cassettone_antropomorphe%2C_parigi%2C_1925_ca.jpg/257px-Andr%C3%A9_Groult%2C_cassettone_antropomorphe%2C_parigi%2C_1925_ca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Andr%C3%A9_Groult%2C_cassettone_antropomorphe%2C_parigi%2C_1925_ca.jpg/343px-Andr%C3%A9_Groult%2C_cassettone_antropomorphe%2C_parigi%2C_1925_ca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1468" data-file-height="2568" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cabinet covered with <a href="/wiki/Shagreen" title="Shagreen">shagreen</a> or sharkskin by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Groult" title="André Groult">André Groult</a> (1925)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:J.-E._Ruhlmann_au_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_30_(Boulogne-Billancourt)_(2132077838).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cabinet by Ruhlmann (1926)"><img alt="Cabinet by Ruhlmann (1926)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/J.-E._Ruhlmann_au_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_30_%28Boulogne-Billancourt%29_%282132077838%29.jpg/369px-J.-E._Ruhlmann_au_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_30_%28Boulogne-Billancourt%29_%282132077838%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/J.-E._Ruhlmann_au_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_30_%28Boulogne-Billancourt%29_%282132077838%29.jpg/553px-J.-E._Ruhlmann_au_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_30_%28Boulogne-Billancourt%29_%282132077838%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/J.-E._Ruhlmann_au_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_30_%28Boulogne-Billancourt%29_%282132077838%29.jpg/738px-J.-E._Ruhlmann_au_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_30_%28Boulogne-Billancourt%29_%282132077838%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="976" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cabinet by Ruhlmann (1926)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques-Emile_Ruhlmann_(Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Lyon)_(5469658728).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cabinet design by Ruhlmann"><img alt="Cabinet design by Ruhlmann" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Jacques-Emile_Ruhlmann_%28Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Lyon%29_%285469658728%29.jpg/400px-Jacques-Emile_Ruhlmann_%28Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Lyon%29_%285469658728%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Jacques-Emile_Ruhlmann_%28Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Lyon%29_%285469658728%29.jpg/600px-Jacques-Emile_Ruhlmann_%28Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Lyon%29_%285469658728%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Jacques-Emile_Ruhlmann_%28Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Lyon%29_%285469658728%29.jpg/800px-Jacques-Emile_Ruhlmann_%28Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Lyon%29_%285469658728%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cabinet design by Ruhlmann</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 308.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gio_ponti_ed_emilio_lancia,_sala_da_pranzo_%27domus_nova%27,_1927,_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Furniture by Gio Ponti (1927)"><img alt="Furniture by Gio Ponti (1927)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gio_ponti_ed_emilio_lancia%2C_sala_da_pranzo_%27domus_nova%27%2C_1927%2C_02.JPG/463px-Gio_ponti_ed_emilio_lancia%2C_sala_da_pranzo_%27domus_nova%27%2C_1927%2C_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="309" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gio_ponti_ed_emilio_lancia%2C_sala_da_pranzo_%27domus_nova%27%2C_1927%2C_02.JPG/694px-Gio_ponti_ed_emilio_lancia%2C_sala_da_pranzo_%27domus_nova%27%2C_1927%2C_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gio_ponti_ed_emilio_lancia%2C_sala_da_pranzo_%27domus_nova%27%2C_1927%2C_02.JPG/926px-Gio_ponti_ed_emilio_lancia%2C_sala_da_pranzo_%27domus_nova%27%2C_1927%2C_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2332" data-file-height="1512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Furniture by <a href="/wiki/Gio_Ponti" title="Gio Ponti">Gio Ponti</a> (1927)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Desk_of_Adminiistrator_Michel_Roux-Spitz_1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Desk of an administrator, by Michel Roux-Spitz for the 1930 Salon of Decorative Artists"><img alt="Desk of an administrator, by Michel Roux-Spitz for the 1930 Salon of Decorative Artists" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Desk_of_Adminiistrator_Michel_Roux-Spitz_1930.jpg/224px-Desk_of_Adminiistrator_Michel_Roux-Spitz_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Desk_of_Adminiistrator_Michel_Roux-Spitz_1930.jpg/336px-Desk_of_Adminiistrator_Michel_Roux-Spitz_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Desk_of_Adminiistrator_Michel_Roux-Spitz_1930.jpg/448px-Desk_of_Adminiistrator_Michel_Roux-Spitz_1930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Desk of an administrator, by <a href="/wiki/Michel_Roux-Spitz" title="Michel Roux-Spitz">Michel Roux-Spitz</a> for the 1930 Salon of Decorative Artists</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fauteuil_jazzclub.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Art Deco club chair (1930s)"><img alt="Art Deco club chair (1930s)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Fauteuil_jazzclub.jpg/318px-Fauteuil_jazzclub.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Fauteuil_jazzclub.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="403" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Art Deco club chair (1930s)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22La_Maison_Leleu%22_au_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_30_(Boulogne-Billancourt)_(2132078468).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Late Art Deco furniture and rug by Jules Leleu (1930s)"><img alt="Late Art Deco furniture and rug by Jules Leleu (1930s)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%22La_Maison_Leleu%22_au_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_30_%28Boulogne-Billancourt%29_%282132078468%29.jpg/400px-%22La_Maison_Leleu%22_au_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_30_%28Boulogne-Billancourt%29_%282132078468%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%22La_Maison_Leleu%22_au_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_30_%28Boulogne-Billancourt%29_%282132078468%29.jpg/600px-%22La_Maison_Leleu%22_au_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_30_%28Boulogne-Billancourt%29_%282132078468%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%22La_Maison_Leleu%22_au_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_30_%28Boulogne-Billancourt%29_%282132078468%29.jpg/800px-%22La_Maison_Leleu%22_au_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Ann%C3%A9es_30_%28Boulogne-Billancourt%29_%282132078468%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Late Art Deco furniture and rug by <a href="/wiki/Jules_Leleu" title="Jules Leleu">Jules Leleu</a> (1930s)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waterfall_buffet_table.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Waterfall style buffet table"><img alt="A Waterfall style buffet table" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Waterfall_buffet_table.jpg/451px-Waterfall_buffet_table.jpg" decoding="async" width="301" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Waterfall_buffet_table.jpg/677px-Waterfall_buffet_table.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Waterfall_buffet_table.jpg/903px-Waterfall_buffet_table.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="2926" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Waterfall_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfall style">Waterfall style</a> buffet table</div> </li> </ul> <p>French furniture from 1910 until the early 1920s was largely an updating of French traditional furniture styles, and the art nouveau designs of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Majorelle" title="Louis Majorelle">Louis Majorelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Plumet" title="Charles Plumet">Charles Plumet</a> and other manufacturers. French furniture manufacturers felt threatened by the growing popularity of German manufacturers and styles, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a> style, which was simple and clean-lined. The French designer Frantz Jourdain, the president of the Paris Salon d'Automne, invited designers from Munich to participate in the 1910 Salon. French designers saw the new German style and decided to meet the German challenge. The French designers decided to present new French styles in the Salon of 1912. The rules of the Salon indicated that only modern styles would be permitted. All of the major French furniture designers took part in Salon: Paul Follot, Paul Iribe, Maurice Dufrêne, André Groult, André Mare and Louis Suë took part, presenting new works that updated the traditional French styles of Louis XVI and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Philippe">Louis Philippe</a> with more angular corners inspired by Cubism and brighter colours inspired by Fauvism and the Nabis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200391–93_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200391–93-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The painter <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a> and furniture designer <a href="/wiki/Louis_S%C3%BCe" title="Louis Süe">Louis Süe</a> both participated the 1912 Salon. After the war the two men joined to form their own company, formally called the <i>Compagnie des Arts Française</i>, but usually known simply as Suë and Mare. Unlike the prominent art nouveau designers like Louis Majorelle, who personally designed every piece, they assembled a team of skilled craftsmen and produced complete interior designs, including furniture, glassware, carpets, ceramics, wallpaper and lighting. Their work featured bright colors and furniture and fine woods, such as ebony encrusted with mother of pearl, abalone and silvered metal to create bouquets of flowers. They designed everything from the interiors of ocean liners to perfume bottles for the label of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Patou" title="Jean Patou">Jean Patou</a>.The firm prospered in the early 1920s, but the two men were better craftsmen than businessmen. The firm was sold in 1928, and both men left.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas199251_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas199251-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most prominent furniture designer at the 1925 Decorative Arts Exposition was <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Jacques_Ruhlmann" title="Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann">Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann</a>, from Alsace. He first exhibited his works at the 1913 Autumn Salon, then had his own pavilion, the "House of the Rich Collector", at the 1925 Exposition. He used only most rare and expensive materials, including <a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">mahogany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosewood" title="Rosewood">rosewood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">ambon</a> and other exotic woods, decorated with inlays of ivory, tortoise shell, mother of pearl, Little pompoms of silk decorated the handles of drawers of the cabinets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan198815_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan198815-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His furniture was based upon 18th-century models, but simplified and reshaped. In all of his work, the interior structure of the furniture was completely concealed. The framework usually of oak, was completely covered with an overlay of thin strips of wood, then covered by a second layer of strips of rare and expensive woods. This was then covered with a veneer and polished, so that the piece looked as if it had been cut out of a single block of wood. Contrast to the dark wood was provided by inlays of ivory, and ivory key plates and handles. According to Ruhlmann, armchairs had to be designed differently according to the functions of the rooms where they appeared; living room armchairs were designed to be welcoming, office chairs comfortable, and salon chairs voluptuous. Only a small number of pieces of each design of furniture was made, and the average price of one of his beds or cabinets was greater than the price of an average house.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas199256_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas199256-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jules_Leleu" title="Jules Leleu">Jules Leleu</a> was a traditional furniture designer who moved smoothly into Art Deco in the 1920s; he designed the furniture for the dining room of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée Palace</a>, and for the first-class cabins of the steamship <i>Normandie</i>. his style was characterized by the use of ebony, Macassar wood, walnut, with decoration of plaques of ivory and mother of pearl. He introduced the style of lacquered Art Deco furniture in the late 1920s, and in the late 1930s introduced furniture made of metal with panels of smoked glass.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan198818–19_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan198818–19-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Italy, the designer <a href="/wiki/Gio_Ponti" title="Gio Ponti">Gio Ponti</a> was famous for his streamlined designs. </p><p>The costly and exotic furniture of Ruhlmann and other traditionalists infuriated modernists, including the architect Le Corbusier, causing him to write a famous series of articles denouncing the <i>arts décoratif</i> style. He attacked furniture made only for the rich and called upon designers to create furniture made with inexpensive materials and modern style, which ordinary people could afford. He designed his own chairs, created to be inexpensive and mass-produced.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s, furniture designs adapted to the form, with smoother surfaces and curved forms. The masters of the late style included Donald Deskey, who was one of the most influential designers; he created the interior of the Radio City Music Hall. He used a mixture of traditional and very modern materials, including aluminium, chrome, and bakelite, an early form of plastic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan198836_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan198836-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other top designers of Art Deco furniture of the 1930s in the United States included <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Rohde" title="Gilbert Rohde">Gilbert Rohde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warren_McArthur" title="Warren McArthur">Warren McArthur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kem_Weber" title="Kem Weber">Kem Weber</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Waterfall_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfall style">Waterfall style</a> was popular in the 1930s and 1940s, the most prevalent Art Deco form of furniture at the time. Pieces were typically of plywood finished with blond veneer and with rounded edges, resembling a waterfall.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 154px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 152px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duofold_Desk_Set.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parker Duofold desk set (c. 1930)"><img alt="Parker Duofold desk set (c. 1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Duofold_Desk_Set.jpg/228px-Duofold_Desk_Set.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Duofold_Desk_Set.jpg/341px-Duofold_Desk_Set.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Duofold_Desk_Set.jpg/455px-Duofold_Desk_Set.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="1021" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Parker_Duofold" title="Parker Duofold">Parker Duofold</a> desk set (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1930</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beau_Brownie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beau Brownie camera, design by Walter Dorwin Teague for Eastman Kodak (1930)"><img alt="Beau Brownie camera, design by Walter Dorwin Teague for Eastman Kodak (1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Beau_Brownie.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Beau Brownie</i> camera, design by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Dorwin_Teague" title="Walter Dorwin Teague">Walter Dorwin Teague</a> for <a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Kodak">Eastman Kodak</a> (1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philips_930.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Philips radio set (1931)"><img alt="Philips radio set (1931)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Philips_930.jpg/225px-Philips_930.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Philips_930.jpg/337px-Philips_930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Philips_930.jpg/450px-Philips_930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> radio set (1931)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SLNSW_22573_Chrysler_Airflow.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chrysler Airflow sedan, designed by Carl Breer (1934)"><img alt="Chrysler Airflow sedan, designed by Carl Breer (1934)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/SLNSW_22573_Chrysler_Airflow.jpg/400px-SLNSW_22573_Chrysler_Airflow.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/SLNSW_22573_Chrysler_Airflow.jpg/600px-SLNSW_22573_Chrysler_Airflow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/SLNSW_22573_Chrysler_Airflow.jpg/800px-SLNSW_22573_Chrysler_Airflow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1376" data-file-height="1032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Airflow" title="Chrysler Airflow">Chrysler Airflow</a> <a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">sedan</a>, designed by Carl Breer (1934)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 346px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 344px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bugatti_A%C3%A9rolithe_AV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bugatti Aérolithe (1936)"><img alt="Bugatti Aérolithe (1936)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bugatti_A%C3%A9rolithe_AV.jpg/516px-Bugatti_A%C3%A9rolithe_AV.jpg" decoding="async" width="344" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Bugatti_A%C3%A9rolithe_AV.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bugatti_Type_57#Type_57S/SC" title="Bugatti Type 57">Bugatti Aérolithe</a> (1936)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 319.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 317.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vintage_Philco_(Big_Bullet)_Table_Radio,_Model_37-610T,_Broadcast_%26_Short_Wave_Bands,_Art_Deco_Design,_5_Vacuum_Tubes,_Walnut_Veneer_Cabinet,_Circa_1937_(15351304051).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Philco table radio (c. 1937)"><img alt="Philco table radio (c. 1937)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vintage_Philco_%28Big_Bullet%29_Table_Radio%2C_Model_37-610T%2C_Broadcast_%26_Short_Wave_Bands%2C_Art_Deco_Design%2C_5_Vacuum_Tubes%2C_Walnut_Veneer_Cabinet%2C_Circa_1937_%2815351304051%29.jpg/476px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="318" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vintage_Philco_%28Big_Bullet%29_Table_Radio%2C_Model_37-610T%2C_Broadcast_%26_Short_Wave_Bands%2C_Art_Deco_Design%2C_5_Vacuum_Tubes%2C_Walnut_Veneer_Cabinet%2C_Circa_1937_%2815351304051%29.jpg/713px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vintage_Philco_%28Big_Bullet%29_Table_Radio%2C_Model_37-610T%2C_Broadcast_%26_Short_Wave_Bands%2C_Art_Deco_Design%2C_5_Vacuum_Tubes%2C_Walnut_Veneer_Cabinet%2C_Circa_1937_%2815351304051%29.jpg/951px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2943" data-file-height="1857" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Philco table radio (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1937</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 279.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 277.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lurelle_Guild._Vacuum_Cleaner,_ca._1937..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Electrolux vacuum cleaner (1937)"><img alt="Electrolux vacuum cleaner (1937)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lurelle_Guild._Vacuum_Cleaner%2C_ca._1937..jpg/416px-Lurelle_Guild._Vacuum_Cleaner%2C_ca._1937..jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lurelle_Guild._Vacuum_Cleaner%2C_ca._1937..jpg/623px-Lurelle_Guild._Vacuum_Cleaner%2C_ca._1937..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lurelle_Guild._Vacuum_Cleaner%2C_ca._1937..jpg/831px-Lurelle_Guild._Vacuum_Cleaner%2C_ca._1937..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1109" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Electrolux" title="Electrolux">Electrolux</a> vacuum cleaner (1937)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cord_812_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cord automobile model 812, designed by Gordon M. Buehrig and staff (1937)"><img alt="Cord automobile model 812, designed by Gordon M. Buehrig and staff (1937)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cord_812_1937.jpg/400px-Cord_812_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cord_812_1937.jpg/600px-Cord_812_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cord_812_1937.jpg/800px-Cord_812_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="972" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cord_(automobile)" title="Cord (automobile)">Cord</a> automobile model 812, designed by <a href="/wiki/Gordon_M._Buehrig" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon M. Buehrig">Gordon M. Buehrig</a> and staff (1937)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1938_Phantom_Corsair_Pebble_Beach_Concours_dElegance_2007_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phantom Corsair, designed by Rust Heinz (1938)"><img alt="Phantom Corsair, designed by Rust Heinz (1938)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1938_Phantom_Corsair_Pebble_Beach_Concours_dElegance_2007_02.jpg/450px-1938_Phantom_Corsair_Pebble_Beach_Concours_dElegance_2007_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1938_Phantom_Corsair_Pebble_Beach_Concours_dElegance_2007_02.jpg/675px-1938_Phantom_Corsair_Pebble_Beach_Concours_dElegance_2007_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1938_Phantom_Corsair_Pebble_Beach_Concours_dElegance_2007_02.jpg/900px-1938_Phantom_Corsair_Pebble_Beach_Concours_dElegance_2007_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="822" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Phantom_Corsair" title="Phantom Corsair">Phantom Corsair</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Rust_Heinz" title="Rust Heinz">Rust Heinz</a> (1938)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 258px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Test_run_of_streamlined_20th_Century_Limited_1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New York Central's 20th Century Limited Hudson 4-6-4 Streamlined locomotive (c. 1939)"><img alt="New York Central's 20th Century Limited Hudson 4-6-4 Streamlined locomotive (c. 1939)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Test_run_of_streamlined_20th_Century_Limited_1938.jpg/387px-Test_run_of_streamlined_20th_Century_Limited_1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Test_run_of_streamlined_20th_Century_Limited_1938.jpg/580px-Test_run_of_streamlined_20th_Century_Limited_1938.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Test_run_of_streamlined_20th_Century_Limited_1938.jpg/773px-Test_run_of_streamlined_20th_Century_Limited_1938.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Central">New York Central</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Limited" title="20th Century Limited">20th Century Limited</a></i> Hudson 4-6-4 Streamlined locomotive (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1939</span>)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Streamline was a variety of Art Deco which emerged during the mid-1930s. It was influenced by modern <a href="/wiki/Aerodynamics" title="Aerodynamics">aerodynamic</a> principles developed for aviation and <a href="/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics">ballistics</a> to reduce aerodynamic drag at high velocities. The bullet shapes were applied by designers to cars, trains, ships, and even objects not intended to move, such as <a href="/wiki/Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator">refrigerators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuel_dispenser" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuel dispenser">gas pumps</a>, and buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-Design:_A_Concise_History_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Design:_A_Concise_History-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first production vehicles in this style was the <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Airflow" title="Chrysler Airflow">Chrysler Airflow</a> of 1933. It was unsuccessful commercially, but the beauty and functionality of its design set a precedent; meant modernity. It continued to be used in car design well after World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New industrial materials began to influence the design of cars and household objects. These included aluminium, <a href="/wiki/Chrome_plating" title="Chrome plating">chrome</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bakelite" title="Bakelite">bakelite</a>, an early form of plastic. Bakelite could be easily moulded into different forms, and soon was used in telephones, radios and other appliances. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SS_Normandie_(ship,_1935)_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SS_Normandie_%28ship%2C_1935%29_interior.jpg/220px-SS_Normandie_%28ship%2C_1935%29_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SS_Normandie_%28ship%2C_1935%29_interior.jpg/330px-SS_Normandie_%28ship%2C_1935%29_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SS_Normandie_%28ship%2C_1935%29_interior.jpg/440px-SS_Normandie_%28ship%2C_1935%29_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1216" /></a><figcaption>Grand dining room of the ocean liner <a href="/wiki/SS_Normandie" title="SS Normandie">SS <i>Normandie</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Patout" title="Pierre Patout">Pierre Patout</a> (1935); bas-reliefs by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Delamarre" title="Raymond Delamarre">Raymond Delamarre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ocean liners also adopted a style of Art Deco, known in French as the <i>Style Paquebot</i>, or "Ocean Liner Style". The most famous example was the SS <i>Normandie</i>, which made its first transatlantic trip in 1935. It was designed particularly to bring wealthy Americans to Paris to shop. The cabins and salons featured the latest Art Deco furnishings and decoration. The Grand Salon of the ship, which was the restaurant for first-class passengers, was bigger than the Hall of Mirrors of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>. It was illuminated by electric lights within twelve pillars of Lalique crystal; thirty-six matching pillars lined the walls. This was one of the earliest examples of illumination being directly integrated into architecture. The style of ships was soon adapted to buildings. A notable example is found on the San Francisco waterfront, where the Maritime Museum building, built as a public bath in 1937, resembles a ferryboat, with ship railings and rounded corners. The Star Ferry Terminal in Hong Kong also used a variation of the style.<sup id="cite_ref-Goss_36-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goss-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Textiles">Textiles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Textiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Abundance%22_Textile_MET_DP293540.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abundance textile design by André Mare (1911), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City"><img alt="Abundance textile design by André Mare (1911), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%22Abundance%22_Textile_MET_DP293540.jpg/400px-%22Abundance%22_Textile_MET_DP293540.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%22Abundance%22_Textile_MET_DP293540.jpg/600px-%22Abundance%22_Textile_MET_DP293540.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%22Abundance%22_Textile_MET_DP293540.jpg/800px-%22Abundance%22_Textile_MET_DP293540.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Abundance</i> textile design by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a> (1911), <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, New York City</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 154.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 152.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Iribe,_birds_from_Les_Ateliers_de_Martine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design of birds from Les Ateliers de Martine by Paul Iribe (1918)"><img alt="Design of birds from Les Ateliers de Martine by Paul Iribe (1918)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Paul_Iribe%2C_birds_from_Les_Ateliers_de_Martine.jpg/229px-Paul_Iribe%2C_birds_from_Les_Ateliers_de_Martine.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Paul_Iribe%2C_birds_from_Les_Ateliers_de_Martine.jpg/343px-Paul_Iribe%2C_birds_from_Les_Ateliers_de_Martine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Paul_Iribe%2C_birds_from_Les_Ateliers_de_Martine.jpg/457px-Paul_Iribe%2C_birds_from_Les_Ateliers_de_Martine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="906" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Design of birds from <i>Les Ateliers de Martine</i> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Iribe" title="Paul Iribe">Paul Iribe</a> (1918)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 117.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 115.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Draperies%22_Textile_MET_DP293587.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rose pattern textiles designed by Mare (c. 1919), Metropolitan Museum of Art"><img alt="Rose pattern textiles designed by Mare (c. 1919), Metropolitan Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%22Draperies%22_Textile_MET_DP293587.jpg/173px-%22Draperies%22_Textile_MET_DP293587.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%22Draperies%22_Textile_MET_DP293587.jpg/260px-%22Draperies%22_Textile_MET_DP293587.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%22Draperies%22_Textile_MET_DP293587.jpg/347px-%22Draperies%22_Textile_MET_DP293587.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2313" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rose pattern textiles designed by Mare (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1919</span>), Metropolitan Museum of Art</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 263.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_Mousse_MET_DP105936.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rose Mousse pattern for upholstery, cotton and silk (1920), Metropolitan Museum of Art"><img alt="Rose Mousse pattern for upholstery, cotton and silk (1920), Metropolitan Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rose_Mousse_MET_DP105936.jpg/395px-Rose_Mousse_MET_DP105936.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rose_Mousse_MET_DP105936.jpg/592px-Rose_Mousse_MET_DP105936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rose_Mousse_MET_DP105936.jpg/790px-Rose_Mousse_MET_DP105936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3039" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rose Mousse pattern for upholstery, cotton and silk (1920), Metropolitan Museum of Art</div> </li> </ul> <p>Textiles were an important part of the Art Deco style, in the form of colourful wallpaper, upholstery and carpets, In the 1920s, designers were inspired by the stage sets of the <a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a>, fabric designs and costumes from <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bakst" title="Léon Bakst">Léon Bakst</a> and creations by the <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Werkst%C3%A4tte" title="Wiener Werkstätte">Wiener Werkstätte</a>. The early interior designs of <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a> featured brightly coloured and highly stylized garlands of roses and flowers, which decorated the walls, floors, and furniture. Stylized Floral motifs also dominated the work of <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Raoul Dufy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Poiret" title="Paul Poiret">Paul Poiret</a>, and in the furniture designs of J.E. Ruhlmann. The floral carpet was reinvented in Deco style by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Poiret" title="Paul Poiret">Paul Poiret</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of the style was greatly enhanced by the introduction of the <i>pochoir</i> stencil-based printing system, which allowed designers to achieve crispness of lines and very vivid colours. Art Deco forms appeared in the clothing of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Poiret" title="Paul Poiret">Paul Poiret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Worth">Charles Worth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Patou" title="Jean Patou">Jean Patou</a>. After World War I, exports of clothing and fabrics became one of the most important currency earners of France.<sup id="cite_ref-Beltra,_Rubio_2016_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beltra,_Rubio_2016-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Late Art Deco wallpaper and textiles sometimes featured stylized industrial scenes, cityscapes, locomotives and other modern themes, as well as stylized female figures, metallic finishes and geometric designs.<sup id="cite_ref-Beltra,_Rubio_2016_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beltra,_Rubio_2016-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fashion">Fashion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Fashion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Evening_coat_MET_85.151_bw.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Evening coat by Paul Poiret (c. 1912), silk and metal, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City"><img alt="Evening coat by Paul Poiret (c. 1912), silk and metal, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Evening_coat_MET_85.151_bw.jpeg/204px-Evening_coat_MET_85.151_bw.jpeg" decoding="async" width="136" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Evening_coat_MET_85.151_bw.jpeg/307px-Evening_coat_MET_85.151_bw.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Evening_coat_MET_85.151_bw.jpeg/409px-Evening_coat_MET_85.151_bw.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1363" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Evening coat by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Poiret" title="Paul Poiret">Paul Poiret</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1912</span>), silk and metal, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, New York City</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 123.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_satin_evening_gown_trimmed_with_crystals_(Robe_du_soir_satin_noir_et_tulle_bord%C3%A9e_de_brillants)_(CBL_Wep_0837).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Evening dress from the Journal des Dames et des Modes, illustrated by George Barbier (1913), Chester Beatty Library, Dublin"><img alt="Evening dress from the Journal des Dames et des Modes, illustrated by George Barbier (1913), Chester Beatty Library, Dublin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Black_satin_evening_gown_trimmed_with_crystals_%28Robe_du_soir_satin_noir_et_tulle_bord%C3%A9e_de_brillants%29_%28CBL_Wep_0837%29.jpg/185px-Black_satin_evening_gown_trimmed_with_crystals_%28Robe_du_soir_satin_noir_et_tulle_bord%C3%A9e_de_brillants%29_%28CBL_Wep_0837%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Black_satin_evening_gown_trimmed_with_crystals_%28Robe_du_soir_satin_noir_et_tulle_bord%C3%A9e_de_brillants%29_%28CBL_Wep_0837%29.jpg/278px-Black_satin_evening_gown_trimmed_with_crystals_%28Robe_du_soir_satin_noir_et_tulle_bord%C3%A9e_de_brillants%29_%28CBL_Wep_0837%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Black_satin_evening_gown_trimmed_with_crystals_%28Robe_du_soir_satin_noir_et_tulle_bord%C3%A9e_de_brillants%29_%28CBL_Wep_0837%29.jpg/371px-Black_satin_evening_gown_trimmed_with_crystals_%28Robe_du_soir_satin_noir_et_tulle_bord%C3%A9e_de_brillants%29_%28CBL_Wep_0837%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3560" data-file-height="5755" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Evening dress from the <i>Journal des Dames et des Modes</i>, illustrated by <a href="/wiki/George_Barbier_(illustrator)" title="George Barbier (illustrator)">George Barbier</a> (1913), <a href="/wiki/Chester_Beatty_Library" title="Chester Beatty Library">Chester Beatty Library</a>, Dublin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 169.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 167.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paquin3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Illustration by Barbier of a gown by Paquin (1914). Stylised floral designs and bright colours were a feature of early Art Deco."><img alt="Illustration by Barbier of a gown by Paquin (1914). Stylised floral designs and bright colours were a feature of early Art Deco." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Paquin3.jpg/251px-Paquin3.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Paquin3.jpg/377px-Paquin3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Paquin3.jpg/502px-Paquin3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1690" data-file-height="2018" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Illustration by Barbier of a gown by <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Paquin" title="Jeanne Paquin">Paquin</a> (1914). Stylised floral designs and bright colours were a feature of early Art Deco.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 104px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 102px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%A9cile_Sorel,_in_1920,_by_Reutlinger.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cécile Sorel at the Comédie-Française (1920)"><img alt="Cécile Sorel at the Comédie-Française (1920)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/C%C3%A9cile_Sorel%2C_in_1920%2C_by_Reutlinger.jpg/153px-C%C3%A9cile_Sorel%2C_in_1920%2C_by_Reutlinger.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/C%C3%A9cile_Sorel%2C_in_1920%2C_by_Reutlinger.jpg/230px-C%C3%A9cile_Sorel%2C_in_1920%2C_by_Reutlinger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/C%C3%A9cile_Sorel%2C_in_1920%2C_by_Reutlinger.jpg/307px-C%C3%A9cile_Sorel%2C_in_1920%2C_by_Reutlinger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1845" data-file-height="3601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Sorel" title="Cécile Sorel">Cécile Sorel</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a> (1920)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robe_du_soir,_1968.40.57.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Evening dress by the Maison Agnès (1920–1930), silk, pearls, strass, cabochon, and other materials, Musée Galliera, Paris"><img alt="Evening dress by the Maison Agnès (1920–1930), silk, pearls, strass, cabochon, and other materials, Musée Galliera, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Robe_du_soir%2C_1968.40.57.jpg/238px-Robe_du_soir%2C_1968.40.57.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Robe_du_soir%2C_1968.40.57.jpg/357px-Robe_du_soir%2C_1968.40.57.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Robe_du_soir%2C_1968.40.57.jpg/477px-Robe_du_soir%2C_1968.40.57.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1986" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Evening dress by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maison_Agn%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maison Agnès (page does not exist)">Maison Agnès</a> (1920–1930), silk, pearls, strass, cabochon, and other materials, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Galliera" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée Galliera">Musée Galliera</a>, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fashion_picture_by_Adolf_de_Meyer_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Desiree Lubovska in a dress by Jean Patou (c. 1921)"><img alt="Desiree Lubovska in a dress by Jean Patou (c. 1921)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Fashion_picture_by_Adolf_de_Meyer_4.jpg/246px-Fashion_picture_by_Adolf_de_Meyer_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Fashion_picture_by_Adolf_de_Meyer_4.jpg/368px-Fashion_picture_by_Adolf_de_Meyer_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Fashion_picture_by_Adolf_de_Meyer_4.jpg/491px-Fashion_picture_by_Adolf_de_Meyer_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="1175" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Desiree_Lubovska" title="Desiree Lubovska">Desiree Lubovska</a> in a dress by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Patou" title="Jean Patou">Jean Patou</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1921</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fond_de_robe_du_soir,_1968.40.87(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skirt by the Maison Agnès (1925–1927), silk, Musée Galliera"><img alt="Skirt by the Maison Agnès (1925–1927), silk, Musée Galliera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Fond_de_robe_du_soir%2C_1968.40.87%282%29.jpg/224px-Fond_de_robe_du_soir%2C_1968.40.87%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Fond_de_robe_du_soir%2C_1968.40.87%282%29.jpg/336px-Fond_de_robe_du_soir%2C_1968.40.87%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Fond_de_robe_du_soir%2C_1968.40.87%282%29.jpg/448px-Fond_de_robe_du_soir%2C_1968.40.87%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4550" data-file-height="6088" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Skirt by the Maison Agnès (1925–1927), silk, Musée Galliera</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 154px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 152px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabrielle_Chanel_en_marini%C3%A8re.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coco Chanel in a sailor's blouse and trousers (1928)"><img alt="Coco Chanel in a sailor's blouse and trousers (1928)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Gabrielle_Chanel_en_marini%C3%A8re.jpg/228px-Gabrielle_Chanel_en_marini%C3%A8re.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Gabrielle_Chanel_en_marini%C3%A8re.jpg/343px-Gabrielle_Chanel_en_marini%C3%A8re.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Gabrielle_Chanel_en_marini%C3%A8re.jpg/457px-Gabrielle_Chanel_en_marini%C3%A8re.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Coco_Chanel" title="Coco Chanel">Coco Chanel</a> in a sailor's blouse and trousers (1928)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louise_Brooks_in_Diary_of_a_Lost_Girl.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louise Brooks with an à la garçonne hairstyle, in a publicity photo for Diary of Lost Girl (1929)"><img alt="Louise Brooks with an à la garçonne hairstyle, in a publicity photo for Diary of Lost Girl (1929)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Louise_Brooks_in_Diary_of_a_Lost_Girl.jpg/205px-Louise_Brooks_in_Diary_of_a_Lost_Girl.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Louise_Brooks_in_Diary_of_a_Lost_Girl.jpg/308px-Louise_Brooks_in_Diary_of_a_Lost_Girl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Louise_Brooks_in_Diary_of_a_Lost_Girl.jpg/411px-Louise_Brooks_in_Diary_of_a_Lost_Girl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1686" data-file-height="2461" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Louise_Brooks" title="Louise Brooks">Louise Brooks</a> with an <i>à la garçonne</i> hairstyle, in a publicity photo for <i>Diary of Lost Girl</i> (1929)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Advertisement_for_pyjamas_in_Lisi%C3%A8res_Fleuries_fabric,_from_Jardin_des_Modes,_1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Advertisement for pyjamas in Lisières Fleuries fabric, from Le Jardin des Modes (1930)"><img alt="Advertisement for pyjamas in Lisières Fleuries fabric, from Le Jardin des Modes (1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Advertisement_for_pyjamas_in_Lisi%C3%A8res_Fleuries_fabric%2C_from_Jardin_des_Modes%2C_1930.jpg/187px-Advertisement_for_pyjamas_in_Lisi%C3%A8res_Fleuries_fabric%2C_from_Jardin_des_Modes%2C_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Advertisement_for_pyjamas_in_Lisi%C3%A8res_Fleuries_fabric%2C_from_Jardin_des_Modes%2C_1930.jpg/280px-Advertisement_for_pyjamas_in_Lisi%C3%A8res_Fleuries_fabric%2C_from_Jardin_des_Modes%2C_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Advertisement_for_pyjamas_in_Lisi%C3%A8res_Fleuries_fabric%2C_from_Jardin_des_Modes%2C_1930.jpg/374px-Advertisement_for_pyjamas_in_Lisi%C3%A8res_Fleuries_fabric%2C_from_Jardin_des_Modes%2C_1930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2421" data-file-height="3885" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Advertisement for pyjamas in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisi%C3%A8res_Fleuries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lisières Fleuries (page does not exist)">Lisières Fleuries</a> fabric, from <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Jardin_des_Modes" title="Le Jardin des Modes">Le Jardin des Modes</a></i> (1930)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Fashion changed dramatically during this period, thanks in particular to designers <a href="/wiki/Paul_Poiret" title="Paul Poiret">Paul Poiret</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Coco_Chanel" title="Coco Chanel">Coco Chanel</a>. Poiret introduced the concept of <a href="/wiki/Drapery" title="Drapery">draping</a>, a departure from the tailoring and patternmaking of the past.<sup id="cite_ref-met_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He designed clothing cut along straight lines and constructed of rectangular motifs.<sup id="cite_ref-met_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His styles offered structural simplicity<sup id="cite_ref-met_138-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The corseted look and formal styles of the previous period were abandoned, and fashion became more practical, and streamlined. With the use of new materials, brighter colours and printed designs.<sup id="cite_ref-met_138-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The designer <a href="/wiki/Coco_Chanel" title="Coco Chanel">Coco Chanel</a> continued the transition, popularising the style of sporty, casual chic.<sup id="cite_ref-Horton-2007_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horton-2007-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A particular typology of the era was the <a href="/wiki/Flapper" title="Flapper">Flapper</a>, a woman who cut her hair into a short bob, drank cocktails, smoked in public, and danced late into the night at fashionable clubs, <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabarets</a> or bohemian dives. Of course, most women didn't live like this, the Flapper being more a character present in popular imagination than a reality. Another female Art Deco style was the androgynous <i>garçonne</i> of the 1920s, with flattened bosom, dispelled waist and revealed legs, reducing the silhouette to a short tube, topped with a head-hugging cloche hat.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewelry">Jewelry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Jewelry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cigarette_Case_MET_DP291206.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cigarette case of leather and gold leaf by Pierre Legrain (1922), presenting a polychrome geometric decoration, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City"><img alt="Cigarette case of leather and gold leaf by Pierre Legrain (1922), presenting a polychrome geometric decoration, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cigarette_Case_MET_DP291206.jpg/400px-Cigarette_Case_MET_DP291206.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cigarette_Case_MET_DP291206.jpg/600px-Cigarette_Case_MET_DP291206.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cigarette_Case_MET_DP291206.jpg/800px-Cigarette_Case_MET_DP291206.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3919" data-file-height="2940" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cigarette case of leather and gold leaf by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Legrain" title="Pierre Legrain">Pierre Legrain</a> (1922), presenting a polychrome geometric decoration, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, New York City</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Deco_bracelet_(1925)_Museum_of_Decorative_Arts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bracelet of gold, coral and jade (1925), Museum of Decorative Arts, Paris"><img alt="Bracelet of gold, coral and jade (1925), Museum of Decorative Arts, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Art_Deco_bracelet_%281925%29_Museum_of_Decorative_Arts.jpg/224px-Art_Deco_bracelet_%281925%29_Museum_of_Decorative_Arts.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Art_Deco_bracelet_%281925%29_Museum_of_Decorative_Arts.jpg/336px-Art_Deco_bracelet_%281925%29_Museum_of_Decorative_Arts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Art_Deco_bracelet_%281925%29_Museum_of_Decorative_Arts.jpg/448px-Art_Deco_bracelet_%281925%29_Museum_of_Decorative_Arts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1302" data-file-height="1743" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bracelet of gold, coral and jade (1925), <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée des Arts décoratifs, Paris">Museum of Decorative Arts</a>, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 282px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Deco_buckle_(1925).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gold buckle set with diamonds and carved onyx, lapis lazuli, jade, and coral, by Boucheron (1925)"><img alt="Gold buckle set with diamonds and carved onyx, lapis lazuli, jade, and coral, by Boucheron (1925)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Art_Deco_buckle_%281925%29.jpg/420px-Art_Deco_buckle_%281925%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Art_Deco_buckle_%281925%29.jpg/630px-Art_Deco_buckle_%281925%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Art_Deco_buckle_%281925%29.jpg/840px-Art_Deco_buckle_%281925%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1527" data-file-height="1091" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gold buckle set with diamonds and carved onyx, lapis lazuli, jade, and coral, by <a href="/wiki/Boucheron" title="Boucheron">Boucheron</a> (1925)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 252px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Deco_glass_pendants_Rene_Lalique.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Molded glass pendants on silk cords by René Lalique (1925–1930)"><img alt="Molded glass pendants on silk cords by René Lalique (1925–1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Art_Deco_glass_pendants_Rene_Lalique.jpg/375px-Art_Deco_glass_pendants_Rene_Lalique.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Art_Deco_glass_pendants_Rene_Lalique.jpg/562px-Art_Deco_glass_pendants_Rene_Lalique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Art_Deco_glass_pendants_Rene_Lalique.jpg/749px-Art_Deco_glass_pendants_Rene_Lalique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1838" data-file-height="1472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Molded glass pendants on silk cords by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lalique" title="René Lalique">René Lalique</a> (1925–1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cartier_3526707735_f4583fda9a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mackay Emerald Necklace, emerald, diamond and platinum, by Cartier (1930), Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C."><img alt="Mackay Emerald Necklace, emerald, diamond and platinum, by Cartier (1930), Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cartier_3526707735_f4583fda9a.jpg/225px-Cartier_3526707735_f4583fda9a.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cartier_3526707735_f4583fda9a.jpg/337px-Cartier_3526707735_f4583fda9a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cartier_3526707735_f4583fda9a.jpg/450px-Cartier_3526707735_f4583fda9a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Mackay Emerald Necklace</i>, emerald, diamond and platinum, by <a href="/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)" title="Cartier (jeweler)">Cartier</a> (1930), <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_National_Museum_of_Natural_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History">Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History</a>, Washington, D.C.</div> </li> </ul> <p>In the 1920s and 1930s, designers including <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lalique" title="René Lalique">René Lalique</a> and Cartier tried to reduce the traditional dominance of <a href="/wiki/Diamonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamonds">diamonds</a> by introducing more colourful gemstones, such as small emeralds, rubies and sapphires. They also placed greater emphasis on very elaborate and elegant settings, featuring less-expensive materials such as enamel, glass, horn and ivory. Diamonds themselves were cut in less traditional forms; the 1925 Exposition saw many diamonds cut in the form of tiny rods or matchsticks. Other popular Art Deco cuts include: </p> <ul><li>emerald cut, with long step-cut facets;</li> <li>asscher cut, more square-shaped than emerald with a high crown and the first diamond cut to ever be patented;</li> <li>marquise cut, to give the illusion of being bigger and bolder;</li> <li>baguette cut: small, rectangular step-cut shapes often used to outline bolder stones;<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>old European cut, round in shape and cut by hand so sparks of color (called fire) flash from within the stone.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The settings for diamonds also changed; More and more often jewellers used <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a> instead of gold, since it was strong and flexible, and could set clusters of stones. Jewellers also began to use more dark materials, such as enamels and black <a href="/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx">onyx</a>, which provided a higher contrast with diamonds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas1992121–123_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas1992121–123-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jewellery became much more colourful and varied in style. Cartier and the firm of Boucheron combined diamonds with colourful other gemstones cut into the form of leaves, fruit or flowers, to make brooches, rings, earrings, clips and pendants. Far Eastern themes also became popular; plaques of jade and coral were combined with platinum and diamonds, and vanity cases, cigarette cases and powder boxes were decorated with Japanese and Chinese landscapes made with mother of pearl, enamel and lacquer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas1992121–123_143-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas1992121–123-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rapidly changing fashions in clothing brought new styles of jewellery. Sleeveless dresses of the 1920s meant that arms needed decoration, and designers quickly created bracelets of gold, silver and platinum encrusted with lapis-lazuli, onyx, coral, and other colourful stones; Other bracelets were intended for the upper arms, and several bracelets were often worn at the same time. The short haircuts of women in the twenties called for elaborate deco earring designs. As women began to smoke in public, designers created very ornate cigarette cases and ivory cigarette holders. The invention of the wristwatch before World War I inspired jewelers to create extraordinary, decorated watches, encrusted with diamonds and plated with enamel, gold and silver. Pendant watches, hanging from a ribbon, also became fashionable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas1992125_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas1992125-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The established jewellery houses of Paris in the period, Cartier, <a href="/wiki/Chaumet" title="Chaumet">Chaumet</a>, Georges Fouquet, <a href="/wiki/Mauboussin" title="Mauboussin">Mauboussin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Van_Cleef_%26_Arpels" title="Van Cleef & Arpels">Van Cleef & Arpels</a> all created jewellery and objects in the new fashion. The firm of Chaumet made highly geometric cigarette boxes, cigarette lighters, pillboxes and notebooks, made of hard stones decorated with <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">lapis lazuli</a>, diamonds and sapphires. They were joined by many young new designers, each with his own idea of deco. <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Templier" title="Raymond Templier">Raymond Templier</a> designed pieces with highly intricate geometric patterns, including silver earrings that looked like skyscrapers. Gerard Sandoz was only 18 when he started to design jewelry in 1921; he designed many celebrated pieces based on the smooth and polished look of modern machinery. The glass designer René Lalique also entered the field, creating pendants of fruit, flowers, frogs, fairies or mermaids made of sculpted glass in bright colors, hanging on cords of silk with tassels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas1992125_144-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas1992125-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The jeweller <a href="/wiki/Paul_Brandt" title="Paul Brandt">Paul Brandt</a> contrasted rectangular and triangular patterns, and embedded pearls in lines on onyx plaques. <a href="/wiki/Jean_Despres" title="Jean Despres">Jean Despres</a> made necklaces of contrasting colours by bringing together silver and black lacquer, or gold with lapis lazuli. Many of his designs looked like highly polished pieces of machines. <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dunand" title="Jean Dunand">Jean Dunand</a> was also inspired by modern machinery, combined with bright reds and blacks contrasting with polished metal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas1992125_144-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas1992125-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Belperron" title="Suzanne Belperron">Suzanne Belperron</a> contributed sculptural designs using materials like rock crystal and semi-precious stones, exploring the period's emphasis on non-traditional elements. <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fouquet" title="Jean Fouquet">Jean Fouquet</a>, influenced by Cubism, worked with materials such as ebony and chrome-plated steel, bringing a distinctly modernist approach to Art Deco jewelry.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notable names in the Art Deco movement include <a href="/wiki/Boucheron" title="Boucheron">Boucheron</a>, Lacloche, and Danish silversmith <a href="/wiki/Georg_Jensen" title="Georg Jensen">Georg Jensen</a>, known for his work with silver and less expensive gemstones. American jewelry houses such as <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co." title="Tiffany & Co.">Tiffany & Co.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black,_Starr_%26_Frost" title="Black, Starr & Frost">Black, Starr & Frost</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marcus_%26_Co." title="Marcus & Co.">Marcus & Co.</a> also made significant contributions, producing pieces that included clocks and objets d'art, as well as jewelry.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glass_art">Glass art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Glass art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gros._Falster_a-s_-_no-nb_digifoto_20160412_00011_NB_NS_NM_07745_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bottles, unknown designer or producer (1920s)"><img alt="Bottles, unknown designer or producer (1920s)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gros._Falster_a-s_-_no-nb_digifoto_20160412_00011_NB_NS_NM_07745_A.jpg/400px-Gros._Falster_a-s_-_no-nb_digifoto_20160412_00011_NB_NS_NM_07745_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gros._Falster_a-s_-_no-nb_digifoto_20160412_00011_NB_NS_NM_07745_A.jpg/600px-Gros._Falster_a-s_-_no-nb_digifoto_20160412_00011_NB_NS_NM_07745_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gros._Falster_a-s_-_no-nb_digifoto_20160412_00011_NB_NS_NM_07745_A.jpg/800px-Gros._Falster_a-s_-_no-nb_digifoto_20160412_00011_NB_NS_NM_07745_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7210" data-file-height="5410" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bottles, unknown designer or producer (1920s)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%27Oiseau_de_Feu%27_made_by_Ren%C3%A9_Lalique,_Dayton_Art_Institute.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Firebird by René Lalique (1922), Dayton Art Institute, US"><img alt="The Firebird by René Lalique (1922), Dayton Art Institute, US" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/%27Oiseau_de_Feu%27_made_by_Ren%C3%A9_Lalique%2C_Dayton_Art_Institute.JPG/294px-%27Oiseau_de_Feu%27_made_by_Ren%C3%A9_Lalique%2C_Dayton_Art_Institute.JPG" decoding="async" width="196" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/%27Oiseau_de_Feu%27_made_by_Ren%C3%A9_Lalique%2C_Dayton_Art_Institute.JPG/442px-%27Oiseau_de_Feu%27_made_by_Ren%C3%A9_Lalique%2C_Dayton_Art_Institute.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/%27Oiseau_de_Feu%27_made_by_Ren%C3%A9_Lalique%2C_Dayton_Art_Institute.JPG/589px-%27Oiseau_de_Feu%27_made_by_Ren%C3%A9_Lalique%2C_Dayton_Art_Institute.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2752" data-file-height="2804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Firebird</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lalique" title="René Lalique">René Lalique</a> (1922), <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Art_Institute" title="Dayton Art Institute">Dayton Art Institute</a>, US</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 204.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vase_(Perruches)_by_Ren%C3%A9_Jules_Lalique,_1922,_blown_four_mold_glass_-_Cincinnati_Art_Museum_-_DSC04355.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Parrot vase by Lalique (1922), Cincinnati Art Museum, US"><img alt="Parrot vase by Lalique (1922), Cincinnati Art Museum, US" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vase_%28Perruches%29_by_Ren%C3%A9_Jules_Lalique%2C_1922%2C_blown_four_mold_glass_-_Cincinnati_Art_Museum_-_DSC04355.JPG/304px-Vase_%28Perruches%29_by_Ren%C3%A9_Jules_Lalique%2C_1922%2C_blown_four_mold_glass_-_Cincinnati_Art_Museum_-_DSC04355.JPG" decoding="async" width="203" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vase_%28Perruches%29_by_Ren%C3%A9_Jules_Lalique%2C_1922%2C_blown_four_mold_glass_-_Cincinnati_Art_Museum_-_DSC04355.JPG/457px-Vase_%28Perruches%29_by_Ren%C3%A9_Jules_Lalique%2C_1922%2C_blown_four_mold_glass_-_Cincinnati_Art_Museum_-_DSC04355.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vase_%28Perruches%29_by_Ren%C3%A9_Jules_Lalique%2C_1922%2C_blown_four_mold_glass_-_Cincinnati_Art_Museum_-_DSC04355.JPG/609px-Vase_%28Perruches%29_by_Ren%C3%A9_Jules_Lalique%2C_1922%2C_blown_four_mold_glass_-_Cincinnati_Art_Museum_-_DSC04355.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3593" data-file-height="3541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Parrot</i> vase by Lalique (1922), <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Art_Museum" title="Cincinnati Art Museum">Cincinnati Art Museum</a>, US</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 147.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 145.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vitraux_Louis_Majorelle,_Grands_Bureaux_des_Aci%C3%A9ries_de_Longwy_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Window for a steel mill office by Louis Majorelle (1928), Grands bureaux des Aciéries de Longwy, Longlaville, France"><img alt="Window for a steel mill office by Louis Majorelle (1928), Grands bureaux des Aciéries de Longwy, Longlaville, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Vitraux_Louis_Majorelle%2C_Grands_Bureaux_des_Aci%C3%A9ries_de_Longwy_03.jpg/218px-Vitraux_Louis_Majorelle%2C_Grands_Bureaux_des_Aci%C3%A9ries_de_Longwy_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Vitraux_Louis_Majorelle%2C_Grands_Bureaux_des_Aci%C3%A9ries_de_Longwy_03.jpg/326px-Vitraux_Louis_Majorelle%2C_Grands_Bureaux_des_Aci%C3%A9ries_de_Longwy_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Vitraux_Louis_Majorelle%2C_Grands_Bureaux_des_Aci%C3%A9ries_de_Longwy_03.jpg/435px-Vitraux_Louis_Majorelle%2C_Grands_Bureaux_des_Aci%C3%A9ries_de_Longwy_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="3924" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Window for a steel mill office by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Majorelle" title="Louis Majorelle">Louis Majorelle</a> (1928), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grands_bureaux_des_Aci%C3%A9ries_de_Longwy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grands bureaux des Aciéries de Longwy (page does not exist)">Grands bureaux des Aciéries de Longwy</a>, Longlaville, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arnaldo_Dell%27Ira_(1903-1943),_lampada_a_grattacielo,_1929.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skyscraper Lamp, designed by Arnaldo dell'Ira (1929), Arnaldo dell'Ira Collection"><img alt="Skyscraper Lamp, designed by Arnaldo dell'Ira (1929), Arnaldo dell'Ira Collection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Arnaldo_Dell%27Ira_%281903-1943%29%2C_lampada_a_grattacielo%2C_1929.jpg/187px-Arnaldo_Dell%27Ira_%281903-1943%29%2C_lampada_a_grattacielo%2C_1929.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Arnaldo_Dell%27Ira_%281903-1943%29%2C_lampada_a_grattacielo%2C_1929.jpg/280px-Arnaldo_Dell%27Ira_%281903-1943%29%2C_lampada_a_grattacielo%2C_1929.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Arnaldo_Dell%27Ira_%281903-1943%29%2C_lampada_a_grattacielo%2C_1929.jpg/373px-Arnaldo_Dell%27Ira_%281903-1943%29%2C_lampada_a_grattacielo%2C_1929.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="1664" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Skyscraper Lamp</i>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_dell%27Ira" title="Arnaldo dell'Ira">Arnaldo dell'Ira</a> (1929), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnaldo_dell%27Ira_Collection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnaldo dell'Ira Collection (page does not exist)">Arnaldo dell'Ira Collection</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_light_fixture_in_the_Leeds_Uni._library_(353154643).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Angular chandeliers by Lanchester & Lodge (c. 1929–1936), Brotherton Library, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK[147]"><img alt="Angular chandeliers by Lanchester & Lodge (c. 1929–1936), Brotherton Library, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK[147]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/A_light_fixture_in_the_Leeds_Uni._library_%28353154643%29.jpg/200px-A_light_fixture_in_the_Leeds_Uni._library_%28353154643%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/A_light_fixture_in_the_Leeds_Uni._library_%28353154643%29.jpg/300px-A_light_fixture_in_the_Leeds_Uni._library_%28353154643%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/A_light_fixture_in_the_Leeds_Uni._library_%28353154643%29.jpg/400px-A_light_fixture_in_the_Leeds_Uni._library_%28353154643%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="965" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Angular chandeliers by Lanchester & Lodge (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1929–1936</span>), <a href="/wiki/Brotherton_Library" title="Brotherton Library">Brotherton Library</a>, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vase_des_ann%C3%A9es_30_(mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs)_(4782889920).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vase by Daum (c. 1930–1935), Museum of Decorative Arts, Paris"><img alt="Vase by Daum (c. 1930–1935), Museum of Decorative Arts, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Vase_des_ann%C3%A9es_30_%28mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs%29_%284782889920%29.jpg/200px-Vase_des_ann%C3%A9es_30_%28mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs%29_%284782889920%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Vase_des_ann%C3%A9es_30_%28mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs%29_%284782889920%29.jpg/300px-Vase_des_ann%C3%A9es_30_%28mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs%29_%284782889920%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Vase_des_ann%C3%A9es_30_%28mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs%29_%284782889920%29.jpg/400px-Vase_des_ann%C3%A9es_30_%28mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs%29_%284782889920%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vase by <a href="/wiki/Daum_(studio)" title="Daum (studio)">Daum</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1930–1935</span>), <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée des Arts décoratifs, Paris">Museum of Decorative Arts</a>, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_Amiens_glass_window.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stained glass windows by Jean Gaudin (1932–1934), Amiens Cathedral, Amiens, France"><img alt="Stained glass windows by Jean Gaudin (1932–1934), Amiens Cathedral, Amiens, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cathedral_of_Amiens_glass_window.jpg/400px-Cathedral_of_Amiens_glass_window.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cathedral_of_Amiens_glass_window.jpg/600px-Cathedral_of_Amiens_glass_window.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Cathedral_of_Amiens_glass_window.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stained glass windows by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gaudin_(glass_artist)" title="Jean Gaudin (glass artist)">Jean Gaudin</a> (1932–1934), <a href="/wiki/Amiens_Cathedral" title="Amiens Cathedral">Amiens Cathedral</a>, Amiens, France</div> </li> </ul> <p>Like the Art Nouveau period before it, Art Deco was an exceptional period for fine glass and other decorative objects designed to fit their architectural surroundings. The most famous producer of glass objects was René Lalique, whose works, from vases to hood ornaments for automobiles, became symbols of the period. He had experimented with glass before World War I, designing bottles for the perfumes of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Coty" title="François Coty">François Coty</a>, but he did not begin serious production of art glass until after World War I. In 1918, at the age of 58, he bought a large glass works in Combs-la-Ville and began to manufacture both artistic and practical glass objects. He treated glass as a form of sculpture, creating statuettes, vases, bowls, lamps and ornaments. He used demi-crystal rather than lead crystal, which was softer and easier to form, though not as lustrous. He sometimes used coloured glass, but more often used opalescent glass, where part or the whole of the outer surface was stained with a wash. Lalique provided the decorative glass panels, lights and illuminated glass ceilings for the ocean liners <a href="/wiki/SS_%C3%8Ele_de_France" title="SS Île de France">SS <i>Île de France</i></a> in 1927 and the SS <i>Normandie</i> in 1935, and for some of the first-class sleeping cars of the French railroads. At the 1925 Exposition of Decorative Arts, he had his own pavilion, designed a dining room with a table setting and matching glass ceiling for the Sèvres Pavilion, and designed a glass fountain for the courtyard of the Cours des Métiers, a slender glass column which spouted water from the sides and was illuminated at night.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas1992245–250_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas1992245–250-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other notable Art Deco glass manufacturers included Marius-Ernest Sabino, who specialized in figurines, vases, bowls, and glass sculptures of fish, nudes, and animals. For these he often used an opalescent glass which could change from white to blue to amber, depending upon the light. His vases and bowls featured molded friezes of animals, nudes or busts of women with fruit or flowers. His work was less subtle but more colourful than that of Lalique.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas1992245–250_148-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas1992245–250-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other notable Deco glass designers included <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Etling" title="Edmond Etling">Edmond Etling</a>, who also used bright opalescent colours, often with geometric patterns and sculpted nudes; Albert Simonet, and Aristide Colotte and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Marinot" title="Maurice Marinot">Maurice Marinot</a>, who was known for his deeply etched sculptural bottles and vases. The firm of <a href="/wiki/Daum_(studio)" title="Daum (studio)">Daum</a> from the city of <a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a>, which had been famous for its Art Nouveau glass, produced a line of Deco vases and glass sculpture, solid, geometric and chunky in form. More delicate multi-coloured works were made by Gabriel Argy-Rousseau, who produced delicately shaded vases with sculpted butterflies and nymphs, and Francois Decorchemont, whose vases were streaked and marbled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas1992245–250_148-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas1992245–250-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Great Depression impacted on the decorative glass industry, which depended upon wealthy clients. Some artists turned to designing stained glass windows for churches. In 1937, the <a href="/wiki/Steuben_Glass_Works" title="Steuben Glass Works">Steuben</a> glass company began the practice of commissioning famous artists to produce glassware.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas1992245–250_148-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas1992245–250-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Majorelle" title="Louis Majorelle">Louis Majorelle</a>, famous for his Art Nouveau furniture, designed a remarkable Art Deco stained glass window portraying steel workers for the offices of the <a href="/wiki/Aci%C3%A9ries_de_Longwy" title="Aciéries de Longwy">Aciéries de Longwy</a>, a steel mill in <a href="/wiki/Longwy" title="Longwy">Longwy</a>, France. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amiens_Cathedral" title="Amiens Cathedral">Amiens Cathedral</a> has a rare example of Art Deco stained glass windows in the Chapel of the Sacred Heart, made in 1932–34 by the Paris glass artist <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gaudin_(glass_artist)" title="Jean Gaudin (glass artist)">Jean Gaudin</a> based on drawings by Jacques Le Breton.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlagnieux200382_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlagnieux200382-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metal_art">Metal art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Metal art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 281.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 279.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Kiss,_kov%C3%A1csoltvas_ajt%C3%B3_alkot%C3%A1sa,_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A grill with two wings called The Pheasants, made by Paul Kiss and displayed at the 1925 Exposition of Decorative and Industrial Arts"><img alt="A grill with two wings called The Pheasants, made by Paul Kiss and displayed at the 1925 Exposition of Decorative and Industrial Arts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Paul_Kiss%2C_kov%C3%A1csoltvas_ajt%C3%B3_alkot%C3%A1sa%2C_1925.jpg/419px-Paul_Kiss%2C_kov%C3%A1csoltvas_ajt%C3%B3_alkot%C3%A1sa%2C_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Paul_Kiss%2C_kov%C3%A1csoltvas_ajt%C3%B3_alkot%C3%A1sa%2C_1925.jpg/628px-Paul_Kiss%2C_kov%C3%A1csoltvas_ajt%C3%B3_alkot%C3%A1sa%2C_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Paul_Kiss%2C_kov%C3%A1csoltvas_ajt%C3%B3_alkot%C3%A1sa%2C_1925.jpg/838px-Paul_Kiss%2C_kov%C3%A1csoltvas_ajt%C3%B3_alkot%C3%A1sa%2C_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2770" data-file-height="1984" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A grill with two wings called <i>The Pheasants</i>, made by Paul Kiss and displayed at the 1925 Exposition of Decorative and Industrial Arts</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 282px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Deco_screen_%22Oasis%22_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iron and copper grill called Oasis by Edgar Brandt, displayed at the 1925 Paris Exposition"><img alt="Iron and copper grill called Oasis by Edgar Brandt, displayed at the 1925 Paris Exposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Art_Deco_screen_%22Oasis%22_1925.jpg/420px-Art_Deco_screen_%22Oasis%22_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Art_Deco_screen_%22Oasis%22_1925.jpg/630px-Art_Deco_screen_%22Oasis%22_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Art_Deco_screen_%22Oasis%22_1925.jpg/840px-Art_Deco_screen_%22Oasis%22_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2260" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Iron and copper grill called <i>Oasis</i> by Edgar Brandt, displayed at the 1925 Paris Exposition</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiegel_mit_Frauenkopf_von_Franz_Hagenauer,_um_1930.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Table mirror by Franz Hagenauer of Werkstätte Hagenauer Wien (c. 1930)"><img alt="Table mirror by Franz Hagenauer of Werkstätte Hagenauer Wien (c. 1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Spiegel_mit_Frauenkopf_von_Franz_Hagenauer%2C_um_1930.tif/lossy-page1-231px-Spiegel_mit_Frauenkopf_von_Franz_Hagenauer%2C_um_1930.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Spiegel_mit_Frauenkopf_von_Franz_Hagenauer%2C_um_1930.tif/lossy-page1-346px-Spiegel_mit_Frauenkopf_von_Franz_Hagenauer%2C_um_1930.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Spiegel_mit_Frauenkopf_von_Franz_Hagenauer%2C_um_1930.tif/lossy-page1-461px-Spiegel_mit_Frauenkopf_von_Franz_Hagenauer%2C_um_1930.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1548" data-file-height="2013" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Table mirror by Franz Hagenauer of <a href="/wiki/Werkst%C3%A4tte_Hagenauer_Wien" title="Werkstätte Hagenauer Wien">Werkstätte Hagenauer Wien</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1930</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 257.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Norman_Bel_Geddes._Cocktail_Set._1937..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cocktail set of chrome-plated steel by Norman Bel Geddes (1937)"><img alt="Cocktail set of chrome-plated steel by Norman Bel Geddes (1937)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Norman_Bel_Geddes._Cocktail_Set._1937..jpg/383px-Norman_Bel_Geddes._Cocktail_Set._1937..jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Norman_Bel_Geddes._Cocktail_Set._1937..jpg/575px-Norman_Bel_Geddes._Cocktail_Set._1937..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Norman_Bel_Geddes._Cocktail_Set._1937..jpg/766px-Norman_Bel_Geddes._Cocktail_Set._1937..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1203" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cocktail set of chrome-plated steel by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Bel_Geddes" title="Norman Bel Geddes">Norman Bel Geddes</a> (1937)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Art Deco artists produced a wide variety of practical objects in the Art Deco style, made of industrial materials from traditional wrought iron to chrome-plated steel. The American artist <a href="/wiki/Norman_Bel_Geddes" title="Norman Bel Geddes">Norman Bel Geddes</a> designed a cocktail set resembling a skyscraper made of chrome-plated steel. Raymond Subes designed an elegant metal grille for the entrance of the Palais de la Porte Dorée, the centre-piece of the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition. The French sculptor <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dunand" title="Jean Dunand">Jean Dunand</a> produced magnificent doors on the theme "The Hunt", covered with gold leaf and paint on plaster (1935).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan198871–81_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan198871–81-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Animation">Animation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Animation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Art Deco visuals and imagery was used in multiple <a href="/wiki/Animated_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated film">animated films</a> including <i><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Animated_Series" title="Batman: The Animated Series">Batman</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Night_Hood" title="Night Hood">Night Hood</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/All%27s_Fair_at_the_Fair" title="All's Fair at the Fair">All's Fair at the Fair</a></i>, <i>Merry Mannequins</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Page_Miss_Glory_(1936_film)" title="Page Miss Glory (1936 film)">Page Miss Glory</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)" title="Fantasia (1940 film)">Fantasia</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_Beauty_(1959_film)" title="Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)">Sleeping Beauty</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The architecture is featured in the fictitious underwater city of Rapture in the <i><a href="/wiki/BioShock_(series)" title="BioShock (series)">BioShock</a></i> video game series. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_Deco_architecture_around_the_world">Art Deco architecture around the world</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Art Deco architecture around the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Art Deco architecture began in Europe, but by 1939 there were examples in large cities on every continent and in almost every country. This is a selection of prominent buildings on each continent. </p><p><i>For a comprehensive list of existing buildings by country, see: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_architecture" title="List of Art Deco architecture">List of Art Deco architecture</a>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_architecture_in_Africa" title="List of Art Deco architecture in Africa">List of Art Deco architecture in Africa</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 273.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 271.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_jardin_des_majorelle_16.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jardin Majorelle in Marrakesh, Morocco, by Paul Sinoir (1931)"><img alt="Jardin Majorelle in Marrakesh, Morocco, by Paul Sinoir (1931)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Le_jardin_des_majorelle_16.JPG/407px-Le_jardin_des_majorelle_16.JPG" decoding="async" width="272" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Le_jardin_des_majorelle_16.JPG/610px-Le_jardin_des_majorelle_16.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Le_jardin_des_majorelle_16.JPG/813px-Le_jardin_des_majorelle_16.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jardin_Majorelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Jardin Majorelle">Jardin Majorelle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marrakesh" title="Marrakesh">Marrakesh</a>, Morocco, by Paul Sinoir (1931)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 296px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 294px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fiat_tagliero,_08.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Fiat Tagliero Building in Asmara, Eritrea, by Giuseppe Pettazzi (1938)[152]"><img alt="Fiat Tagliero Building in Asmara, Eritrea, by Giuseppe Pettazzi (1938)[152]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Fiat_tagliero%2C_08.JPG/441px-Fiat_tagliero%2C_08.JPG" decoding="async" width="294" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Fiat_tagliero%2C_08.JPG/661px-Fiat_tagliero%2C_08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Fiat_tagliero%2C_08.JPG/881px-Fiat_tagliero%2C_08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2648" data-file-height="1624" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fiat_Tagliero_Building" title="Fiat Tagliero Building">Fiat Tagliero Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a>, Eritrea, by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pettazzi" title="Giuseppe Pettazzi">Giuseppe Pettazzi</a> (1938)<sup id="cite_ref-Bradt112_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradt112-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Rabat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Peter's Cathedral in Rabat, Morocco (1938)"><img alt="St. Peter's Cathedral in Rabat, Morocco (1938)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/La_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Rabat.jpg/360px-La_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Rabat.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/La_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Rabat.jpg/540px-La_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Rabat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/La_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Rabat.jpg/720px-La_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Rabat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Cathedral,_Rabat" title="St. Peter's Cathedral, Rabat">St. Peter's Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, Morocco (1938)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Ressano_Garcia.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Railway Station in Ressano Garcia, Mozambique (1945)"><img alt="Railway Station in Ressano Garcia, Mozambique (1945)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Ressano_Garcia.JPG/360px-Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Ressano_Garcia.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Ressano_Garcia.JPG/540px-Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Ressano_Garcia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Ressano_Garcia.JPG/720px-Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Ressano_Garcia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Railway Station in <a href="/wiki/Ressano_Garcia" title="Ressano Garcia">Ressano Garcia</a>, Mozambique (1945)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Most Art Deco buildings in Africa were built during European colonial rule, and often designed by Italian, French and Portuguese architects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_architecture_in_Asia" title="List of Art Deco architecture in Asia">List of Art Deco architecture in Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_in_Mumbai" title="Art Deco in Mumbai">Art Deco in Mumbai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_in_Kolkata" title="Art Deco in Kolkata">Art Deco in Kolkata</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaarbeurs.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kologdam Building in Bandung, Indonesia (1920)"><img alt="Kologdam Building in Bandung, Indonesia (1920)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Jaarbeurs.JPG/360px-Jaarbeurs.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Jaarbeurs.JPG/540px-Jaarbeurs.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Jaarbeurs.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kologdam_Building" title="Kologdam Building">Kologdam Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>, Indonesia (1920)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 263.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tokyo_Metropolitan_Teien_Art_Museum_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Teien Art Museum in Tokyo, Japan (1933)"><img alt="Tokyo Metropolitan Teien Art Museum in Tokyo, Japan (1933)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Teien_Art_Museum_02.jpg/395px-Tokyo_Metropolitan_Teien_Art_Museum_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Teien_Art_Museum_02.jpg/592px-Tokyo_Metropolitan_Teien_Art_Museum_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Teien_Art_Museum_02.jpg/790px-Tokyo_Metropolitan_Teien_Art_Museum_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Teien_Art_Museum" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Teien Art Museum">Tokyo Metropolitan Teien Art Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, Japan (1933)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NewIndiaAssuranceBdg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New India Assurance Building in Mumbai, India (1936)"><img alt="New India Assurance Building in Mumbai, India (1936)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/NewIndiaAssuranceBdg.jpg/202px-NewIndiaAssuranceBdg.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/NewIndiaAssuranceBdg.jpg/304px-NewIndiaAssuranceBdg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/NewIndiaAssuranceBdg.jpg/405px-NewIndiaAssuranceBdg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/New_India_Assurance_Building" title="New India Assurance Building">New India Assurance Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, India (1936)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 269.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 267.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Diet Building in Tokyo, Japan (1936)"><img alt="National Diet Building in Tokyo, Japan (1936)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/401px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/601px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/801px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2561" data-file-height="1726" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Building" title="National Diet Building">National Diet Building</a> in Tokyo, Japan (1936)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 322px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 320px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ankara_asv2021-10_img19_Railway_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ankara railway station in Ankara, Turkey (1937)"><img alt="Ankara railway station in Ankara, Turkey (1937)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ankara_asv2021-10_img19_Railway_station.jpg/480px-Ankara_asv2021-10_img19_Railway_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ankara_asv2021-10_img19_Railway_station.jpg/720px-Ankara_asv2021-10_img19_Railway_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ankara_asv2021-10_img19_Railway_station.jpg/960px-Ankara_asv2021-10_img19_Railway_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7417" data-file-height="4172" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ankara_railway_station" title="Ankara railway station">Ankara railway station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey (1937)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 273.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 271.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cebu_Capitol_Compund.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cebu Provincial Capitol in Cebu City, Philippines (1938)"><img alt="Cebu Provincial Capitol in Cebu City, Philippines (1938)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cebu_Capitol_Compund.jpg/407px-Cebu_Capitol_Compund.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cebu_Capitol_Compund.jpg/610px-Cebu_Capitol_Compund.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cebu_Capitol_Compund.jpg/814px-Cebu_Capitol_Compund.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3892" data-file-height="2584" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cebu_Provincial_Capitol" title="Cebu Provincial Capitol">Cebu Provincial Capitol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a>, Philippines (1938)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 257.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EID_Parry_headquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dare House in Chennai, India (1940)"><img alt="Dare House in Chennai, India (1940)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/EID_Parry_headquarters.jpg/383px-EID_Parry_headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/EID_Parry_headquarters.jpg/574px-EID_Parry_headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/EID_Parry_headquarters.jpg/766px-EID_Parry_headquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1058" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dare_House" title="Dare House">Dare House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, India (1940)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 470px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 468px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangkok_General_Post_Office_07.23.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General Post Office in Bangkok, Thailand (1940)"><img alt="General Post Office in Bangkok, Thailand (1940)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bangkok_General_Post_Office_07.23.jpg/702px-Bangkok_General_Post_Office_07.23.jpg" decoding="async" width="468" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bangkok_General_Post_Office_07.23.jpg/1052px-Bangkok_General_Post_Office_07.23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bangkok_General_Post_Office_07.23.jpg/1403px-Bangkok_General_Post_Office_07.23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10609" data-file-height="4086" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office_(Bangkok)" title="General Post Office (Bangkok)">General Post Office</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, Thailand (1940)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Many Art Deco buildings in Asia were designed by European architects. But in the Philippines, local architects such as <a href="/wiki/Juan_Nakpil" title="Juan Nakpil">Juan Nakpil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Arellano" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Arellano">Juan Arellano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Antonio" title="Pablo Antonio">Pablo Antonio</a> and others were preeminent. Many Art Deco landmarks in Asia were demolished during the great economic expansion of Asia the late 20th century, but some notable enclaves of the architecture still remain, particularly in Shanghai and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>. </p><p>The Indian Institute of Architects, founded in Mumbai in 1929, played a prominent role in propagating the Art Deco movement. In November 1937, this institute organised the 'Ideal Home Exhibition' held in the Town Hall in Mumbai which spanned over 12 days and attracted about one hundred thousand visitors. As a result, it was declared a success by the 'Journal of the Indian Institute of Architects'. The exhibits displayed the 'ideal', or better described as the most 'modern' arrangements for various parts of the house, paying close detail to avoid architectural blunders and present the most efficient and well-thought-out models. The exhibition focused on various elements of a home ranging from furniture, elements of interior decoration as well as radios and refrigerators using new and scientifically relevant materials and methods.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guided by their desire to emulate the west, the Indian architects were fascinated by the industrial modernity that Art Deco offered.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_153-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The western elites were the first to experiment with the technologically advanced facets of Art Deco, and architects began the process of transformation by the early 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_153-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mumbai's expanding port commerce in the 1930s resulted in the growth of educated middle class population. It also saw an increase of people migrating to Mumbai in search of job opportunities. This led to the pressing need for new developments through Land Reclamation Schemes and construction of new public and residential buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parallelly, the changing political climate in the country and the aspirational quality of the Art Deco aesthetics led to a whole-hearted acceptance of the building style in the city's development. Most of the buildings from this period can be seen spread throughout the city neighbourhoods in areas such as Churchgate, Colaba, Fort, Mohammed Ali Road, Cumbala Hill, Dadar, Matunga, Bandra and Chembur.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia_and_New_Zealand">Australia and New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Australia and New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_buildings_in_Sydney" title="List of Art Deco buildings in Sydney">List of Art Deco buildings in Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_buildings_in_Melbourne" title="List of Art Deco buildings in Melbourne">List of Art Deco buildings in Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_buildings_in_Tasmania" title="List of Art Deco buildings in Tasmania">List of Art Deco buildings in Tasmania</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_buildings_in_Perth" title="List of Art Deco buildings in Perth">List of Art Deco buildings in Perth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_architecture_in_Oceania" title="List of Art Deco architecture in Oceania">List of Art Deco architecture in Oceania</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 75.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 73.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Grace_Building,_Sydney,_1930_-_Max_Dupain_(4226030071).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grace Building in Sydney, Australia (1930–31)"><img alt="Grace Building in Sydney, Australia (1930–31)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_Grace_Building%2C_Sydney%2C_1930_-_Max_Dupain_%284226030071%29.jpg/110px-The_Grace_Building%2C_Sydney%2C_1930_-_Max_Dupain_%284226030071%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_Grace_Building%2C_Sydney%2C_1930_-_Max_Dupain_%284226030071%29.jpg/166px-The_Grace_Building%2C_Sydney%2C_1930_-_Max_Dupain_%284226030071%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_Grace_Building%2C_Sydney%2C_1930_-_Max_Dupain_%284226030071%29.jpg/221px-The_Grace_Building%2C_Sydney%2C_1930_-_Max_Dupain_%284226030071%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Grace_Building,_Sydney" title="Grace Building, Sydney">Grace Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Australia (1930–31)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 358px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 356px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sound_Shell_and_Skating_Rink_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sound Shell in Napier, New Zealand (1931)"><img alt="Sound Shell in Napier, New Zealand (1931)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sound_Shell_and_Skating_Rink_01.jpg/534px-Sound_Shell_and_Skating_Rink_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="356" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sound_Shell_and_Skating_Rink_01.jpg/800px-Sound_Shell_and_Skating_Rink_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sound_Shell_and_Skating_Rink_01.jpg/1067px-Sound_Shell_and_Skating_Rink_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4129" data-file-height="2323" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shell_(theater)" title="Shell (theater)">Sound Shell</a> in <a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a>, New Zealand (1931)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 420.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 418.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Castlemaine_Art_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Façade of the Castlemaine Art Museum, Australia (1931), architect Percy Meldrum, frieze by Orlando Dutton"><img alt="Façade of the Castlemaine Art Museum, Australia (1931), architect Percy Meldrum, frieze by Orlando Dutton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Castlemaine_Art_Museum.jpg/628px-Castlemaine_Art_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="419" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Castlemaine_Art_Museum.jpg/942px-Castlemaine_Art_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Castlemaine_Art_Museum.jpg/1256px-Castlemaine_Art_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4531" data-file-height="2165" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Façade of the <a href="/wiki/Castlemaine_Art_Museum" title="Castlemaine Art Museum">Castlemaine Art Museum</a>, Australia (1931), architect Percy Meldrum, frieze by <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Dutton" title="Orlando Dutton">Orlando Dutton</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GoulburnElmsleaChambers_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elmslea Chambers in Goulburn, Australia (1933)"><img alt="Elmslea Chambers in Goulburn, Australia (1933)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/GoulburnElmsleaChambers_001.jpg/225px-GoulburnElmsleaChambers_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/GoulburnElmsleaChambers_001.jpg/337px-GoulburnElmsleaChambers_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/GoulburnElmsleaChambers_001.jpg/450px-GoulburnElmsleaChambers_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Elmslea Chambers in <a href="/wiki/Goulburn" title="Goulburn">Goulburn</a>, Australia (1933)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anzac_Memorial_Hyde_Park_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anzac Memorial in Sydney, Australia (1934)"><img alt="Anzac Memorial in Sydney, Australia (1934)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Anzac_Memorial_Hyde_Park_001.jpg/200px-Anzac_Memorial_Hyde_Park_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Anzac_Memorial_Hyde_Park_001.jpg/300px-Anzac_Memorial_Hyde_Park_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Anzac_Memorial_Hyde_Park_001.jpg/400px-Anzac_Memorial_Hyde_Park_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5504" data-file-height="8256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Anzac_Memorial" title="Anzac Memorial">Anzac Memorial</a> in Sydney, Australia (1934)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 253.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Holyman_House,_Launceston.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Holyman House in Launceston, Tasmania, Australia (1936)"><img alt="Holyman House in Launceston, Tasmania, Australia (1936)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Holyman_House%2C_Launceston.JPG/380px-Holyman_House%2C_Launceston.JPG" decoding="async" width="254" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Holyman_House%2C_Launceston.JPG/570px-Holyman_House%2C_Launceston.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Holyman_House%2C_Launceston.JPG/760px-Holyman_House%2C_Launceston.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1580" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Holyman_House" title="Holyman House">Holyman House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston, Tasmania</a>, Australia (1936)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MelbourneCenturyBdg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Century Building in Melbourne, Australia (1939)"><img alt="Century Building in Melbourne, Australia (1939)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/MelbourneCenturyBdg.jpg/224px-MelbourneCenturyBdg.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/MelbourneCenturyBdg.jpg/337px-MelbourneCenturyBdg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/MelbourneCenturyBdg.jpg/449px-MelbourneCenturyBdg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="2992" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Century_Building_(Melbourne)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Century Building (Melbourne) (page does not exist)">Century Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Australia (1939)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Melbourne and Sydney, Australia, have several notable Art Deco buildings, including the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Unity_Building" title="Manchester Unity Building">Manchester Unity Building</a> and the former <a href="/wiki/Russell_Street_Police_Headquarters" title="Russell Street Police Headquarters">Russell Street Police Headquarters</a> in Melbourne, the <a href="/wiki/Castlemaine_Art_Museum" title="Castlemaine Art Museum">Castlemaine Art Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Castlemaine,_Victoria" title="Castlemaine, Victoria">Castlemaine</a>, central Victoria and the <a href="/wiki/Grace_Building,_Sydney" title="Grace Building, Sydney">Grace Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/AWA_Tower" title="AWA Tower">AWA Tower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anzac_Memorial" title="Anzac Memorial">Anzac Memorial</a> in Sydney. </p><p>Several towns in New Zealand, including <a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hastings,_New_Zealand" title="Hastings, New Zealand">Hastings</a> were rebuilt in Art Deco style after the <a href="/wiki/1931_Hawke%27s_Bay_earthquake" title="1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake">1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake</a>, and many of the buildings have been protected and restored. Napier has been nominated for UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> status, the first cultural site in New Zealand to be nominated.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> has retained a sizeable number of Art Deco buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_architecture_in_the_Americas" title="List of Art Deco architecture in the Americas">List of Art Deco architecture in the Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="List of Art Deco architecture in the United States">List of Art Deco architecture in the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_in_the_United_States" title="Art Deco in the United States">Art Deco in the United States</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barclay-Vesey_Building_140_West_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Verizon Building in New York City, US (1923–1927)"><img alt="Verizon Building in New York City, US (1923–1927)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Barclay-Vesey_Building_140_West_Street.jpg/219px-Barclay-Vesey_Building_140_West_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Barclay-Vesey_Building_140_West_Street.jpg/329px-Barclay-Vesey_Building_140_West_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Barclay-Vesey_Building_140_West_Street.jpg/438px-Barclay-Vesey_Building_140_West_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2270" data-file-height="3107" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Barclay-Vesey_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Barclay-Vesey Building">Verizon Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, US (1923–1927)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthBeachMiamiBeach.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miami Art Deco District in South Beach, Florida, US (1925–1940s)"><img alt="Miami Art Deco District in South Beach, Florida, US (1925–1940s)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/SouthBeachMiamiBeach.jpg/450px-SouthBeachMiamiBeach.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/SouthBeachMiamiBeach.jpg/675px-SouthBeachMiamiBeach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/SouthBeachMiamiBeach.jpg/900px-SouthBeachMiamiBeach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach_Architectural_District" title="Miami Beach Architectural District">Miami Art Deco District</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Beach" title="South Beach">South Beach</a>, Florida, US (1925–1940s)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 296px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 294px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KiMo_Albuquerque.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="KiMo Theater's Pueblo Deco architecture in Albuquerque, New Mexico, US (1927)"><img alt="KiMo Theater's Pueblo Deco architecture in Albuquerque, New Mexico, US (1927)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/KiMo_Albuquerque.jpg/441px-KiMo_Albuquerque.jpg" decoding="async" width="294" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/KiMo_Albuquerque.jpg/662px-KiMo_Albuquerque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/KiMo_Albuquerque.jpg/882px-KiMo_Albuquerque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2041" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/KiMo_Theater" title="KiMo Theater">KiMo Theater</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Deco" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo Deco">Pueblo Deco</a> architecture in <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a>, US (1927)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bullocks_Wilshire.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bullocks Wilshire in Los Angeles, California, US (1929)"><img alt="Bullocks Wilshire in Los Angeles, California, US (1929)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bullocks_Wilshire.jpg/199px-Bullocks_Wilshire.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bullocks_Wilshire.jpg/298px-Bullocks_Wilshire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bullocks_Wilshire.jpg/397px-Bullocks_Wilshire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4928" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bullocks_Wilshire" title="Bullocks Wilshire">Bullocks Wilshire</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California, US (1929)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edifice_Price.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Price Building in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (1930)"><img alt="The Price Building in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Edifice_Price.jpg/200px-Edifice_Price.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Edifice_Price.jpg/300px-Edifice_Price.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Edifice_Price.jpg/400px-Edifice_Price.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2176" data-file-height="3265" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/%C3%89difice_Price" title="Édifice Price">Price Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>, Quebec, Canada (1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisiana_State_Capitol_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louisiana State Capitol in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, US (1930–1932)"><img alt="Louisiana State Capitol in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, US (1930–1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Louisiana_State_Capitol_Building.jpg/277px-Louisiana_State_Capitol_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Louisiana_State_Capitol_Building.jpg/416px-Louisiana_State_Capitol_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Louisiana_State_Capitol_Building.jpg/555px-Louisiana_State_Capitol_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11753" data-file-height="12708" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Capitol" title="Louisiana State Capitol">Louisiana State Capitol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge, Louisiana</a>, US (1930–1932)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 199.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 197.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Buffalo_City_Hall_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buffalo City Hall in Buffalo, N.Y., US (1931)"><img alt="Buffalo City Hall in Buffalo, N.Y., US (1931)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/View_of_Buffalo_City_Hall_%28cropped%29.jpg/296px-View_of_Buffalo_City_Hall_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/View_of_Buffalo_City_Hall_%28cropped%29.jpg/444px-View_of_Buffalo_City_Hall_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/View_of_Buffalo_City_Hall_%28cropped%29.jpg/592px-View_of_Buffalo_City_Hall_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2006" data-file-height="2033" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_City_Hall" title="Buffalo City Hall">Buffalo City Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, N.Y.</a>, US (1931)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jefferson_County_Courthouse,_Texas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jefferson County Courthouse in Beaumont, Texas, US (1931)"><img alt="Jefferson County Courthouse in Beaumont, Texas, US (1931)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/Jefferson_County_Courthouse%2C_Texas.jpg/225px-Jefferson_County_Courthouse%2C_Texas.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/Jefferson_County_Courthouse%2C_Texas.jpg/337px-Jefferson_County_Courthouse%2C_Texas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/Jefferson_County_Courthouse%2C_Texas.jpg/450px-Jefferson_County_Courthouse%2C_Texas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County_Courthouse_(Texas)" title="Jefferson County Courthouse (Texas)">Jefferson County Courthouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont, Texas</a>, US (1931)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Niagara_Mohawk_Bldg_(Syracuse,_NY)a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niagara Mohawk Building in Syracuse, N.Y., US (1932)"><img alt="Niagara Mohawk Building in Syracuse, N.Y., US (1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Niagara_Mohawk_Bldg_%28Syracuse%2C_NY%29a.jpg/201px-Niagara_Mohawk_Bldg_%28Syracuse%2C_NY%29a.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Niagara_Mohawk_Bldg_%28Syracuse%2C_NY%29a.jpg/301px-Niagara_Mohawk_Bldg_%28Syracuse%2C_NY%29a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Niagara_Mohawk_Bldg_%28Syracuse%2C_NY%29a.jpg/401px-Niagara_Mohawk_Bldg_%28Syracuse%2C_NY%29a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Mohawk_Building" title="Niagara Mohawk Building">Niagara Mohawk Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse, N.Y.</a>, US (1932)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CMC-Union_Terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cincinnati Union Terminal in Cincinnati, Ohio, US (1933)"><img alt="Cincinnati Union Terminal in Cincinnati, Ohio, US (1933)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CMC-Union_Terminal.jpg/450px-CMC-Union_Terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CMC-Union_Terminal.jpg/675px-CMC-Union_Terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CMC-Union_Terminal.jpg/900px-CMC-Union_Terminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Union_Terminal" title="Cincinnati Union Terminal">Cincinnati Union Terminal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, Ohio, US (1933)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:InteriorHoyBADF.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of the Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of Fine Arts) in Mexico City, Mexico (1934)"><img alt="Interior of the Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of Fine Arts) in Mexico City, Mexico (1934)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/InteriorHoyBADF.JPG/201px-InteriorHoyBADF.JPG" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/InteriorHoyBADF.JPG/301px-InteriorHoyBADF.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/InteriorHoyBADF.JPG/401px-InteriorHoyBADF.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior of the <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_Bellas_Artes" title="Palacio de Bellas Artes">Palacio de Bellas Artes</a> (Palace of Fine Arts) in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, Mexico (1934)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vancouver_City_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vancouver City Hall in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (1935)"><img alt="Vancouver City Hall in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (1935)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Vancouver_City_Hall.jpg/222px-Vancouver_City_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Vancouver_City_Hall.jpg/333px-Vancouver_City_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Vancouver_City_Hall.jpg/444px-Vancouver_City_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="2204" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_City_Hall" title="Vancouver City Hall">Vancouver City Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, British Columbia, Canada (1935)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edificio_El_Moro_2010.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Edificio El Moro in Mexico City, Mexico (1936)"><img alt="Edificio El Moro in Mexico City, Mexico (1936)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Edificio_El_Moro_2010.JPG/222px-Edificio_El_Moro_2010.JPG" decoding="async" width="148" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Edificio_El_Moro_2010.JPG/334px-Edificio_El_Moro_2010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Edificio_El_Moro_2010.JPG/445px-Edificio_El_Moro_2010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1895" data-file-height="2554" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Edificio El Moro in Mexico City, Mexico (1936)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 300.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 298.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monumento_a_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Mexico.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monumento a la Revolución in Mexico City, Mexico (1938)"><img alt="Monumento a la Revolución in Mexico City, Mexico (1938)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Monumento_a_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Mexico.jpg/448px-Monumento_a_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Mexico.jpg" decoding="async" width="299" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Monumento_a_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Mexico.jpg/672px-Monumento_a_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Mexico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Monumento_a_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Mexico.jpg/897px-Monumento_a_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Mexico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Monumento_a_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n" title="Monumento a la Revolución">Monumento a la Revolución</a> in Mexico City, Mexico (1938)</div> </li> </ul> <p>In Canada, surviving Art Deco structures are mainly in the major cities; <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Toronto, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton, Ontario</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>. They range from public buildings like <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_City_Hall" title="Vancouver City Hall">Vancouver City Hall</a> to commercial buildings (<a href="/wiki/College_Park_(Toronto)" title="College Park (Toronto)">College Park</a>) to public works (<a href="/wiki/R._C._Harris_Water_Treatment_Plant" title="R. C. Harris Water Treatment Plant">R. C. Harris Water Treatment Plant</a>). </p><p>In Mexico, the most imposing Art Deco example is interior of the <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_Bellas_Artes" title="Palacio de Bellas Artes">Palacio de Bellas Artes</a> (Palace of Fine Arts), finished in 1934 with its elaborate décor and murals. Examples of Art Deco residential architecture can be found in the <a href="/wiki/Condesa" title="Condesa">Condesa</a> district, many designed by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_J._Serrano" title="Francisco J. Serrano">Francisco J. Serrano</a>. </p><p>In the United States, Art Deco buildings are found from coast to coast, in all the major cities. It was most widely used for office buildings, train stations, airport terminals, and cinemas; residential buildings are rare. During the 1920s and 1930s architects in the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a>, particularly in the US state of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, combined <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Pueblo Revival</a> with <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Style" title="Territorial Style">Territorial Style</a> and Art Deco to create <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Deco_architecture" title="Pueblo Deco architecture">Pueblo Deco</a>, as seen in the <a href="/wiki/KiMo_Theater" title="KiMo Theater">KiMo Theater</a> in <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a>. In the 1930s, the more austere streamline style became popular. Many buildings were demolished between 1945 and the late 1960s, but then efforts began to protect the best examples. The City of Miami Beach established the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach_Architectural_District" title="Miami Beach Architectural District">Miami Beach Architectural District</a> to preserve the fine collection of Art Deco buildings found there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_America_and_the_Caribbean">Central America and the Caribbean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Central America and the Caribbean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_architecture_in_the_Americas" title="List of Art Deco architecture in the Americas">List of Art Deco architecture in the Americas</a></div> <p>Art Deco buildings can be found throughout Central America, including in Cuba. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 233.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Havana_Art_Deco_(8955334332).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bacardi Building in Havana, Cuba (1930)"><img alt="Bacardi Building in Havana, Cuba (1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Havana_Art_Deco_%288955334332%29.jpg/350px-Havana_Art_Deco_%288955334332%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="234" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Havana_Art_Deco_%288955334332%29.jpg/525px-Havana_Art_Deco_%288955334332%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Havana_Art_Deco_%288955334332%29.jpg/699px-Havana_Art_Deco_%288955334332%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2962" data-file-height="2541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bacardi_Building_(Havana)" title="Bacardi Building (Havana)">Bacardi Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, Cuba (1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_Nacional_de_Cuba_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hotel Nacional de Cuba in Havana, Cuba (1930)"><img alt="Hotel Nacional de Cuba in Havana, Cuba (1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hotel_Nacional_de_Cuba_-_panoramio.jpg/450px-Hotel_Nacional_de_Cuba_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hotel_Nacional_de_Cuba_-_panoramio.jpg/675px-Hotel_Nacional_de_Cuba_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hotel_Nacional_de_Cuba_-_panoramio.jpg/900px-Hotel_Nacional_de_Cuba_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Nacional_de_Cuba" title="Hotel Nacional de Cuba">Hotel Nacional de Cuba</a> in Havana, Cuba (1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edif%C3%ADcio_Lopez_Serrano_(35464009654)_cropped2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lopez Serrano Building in Havana, Cuba (1932)"><img alt="Lopez Serrano Building in Havana, Cuba (1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Edif%C3%ADcio_Lopez_Serrano_%2835464009654%29_cropped2.jpg/225px-Edif%C3%ADcio_Lopez_Serrano_%2835464009654%29_cropped2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Edif%C3%ADcio_Lopez_Serrano_%2835464009654%29_cropped2.jpg/337px-Edif%C3%ADcio_Lopez_Serrano_%2835464009654%29_cropped2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Edif%C3%ADcio_Lopez_Serrano_%2835464009654%29_cropped2.jpg/450px-Edif%C3%ADcio_Lopez_Serrano_%2835464009654%29_cropped2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="4800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lopez Serrano Building in Havana, Cuba (1932)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Havana_Art_Deco_(8703599920).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A rundown Art Deco building in Havana, Cuba"><img alt="A rundown Art Deco building in Havana, Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Havana_Art_Deco_%288703599920%29.jpg/400px-Havana_Art_Deco_%288703599920%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Havana_Art_Deco_%288703599920%29.jpg/600px-Havana_Art_Deco_%288703599920%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Havana_Art_Deco_%288703599920%29.jpg/800px-Havana_Art_Deco_%288703599920%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A rundown Art Deco building in Havana, Cuba</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaza_del_Mercado_Isabel_II_in_Ponce,_PR_(IMG_2684).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plaza del Mercado de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico, US (1941)"><img alt="Plaza del Mercado de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico, US (1941)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Plaza_del_Mercado_Isabel_II_in_Ponce%2C_PR_%28IMG_2684%29.jpg/400px-Plaza_del_Mercado_Isabel_II_in_Ponce%2C_PR_%28IMG_2684%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Plaza_del_Mercado_Isabel_II_in_Ponce%2C_PR_%28IMG_2684%29.jpg/600px-Plaza_del_Mercado_Isabel_II_in_Ponce%2C_PR_%28IMG_2684%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Plaza_del_Mercado_Isabel_II_in_Ponce%2C_PR_%28IMG_2684%29.jpg/800px-Plaza_del_Mercado_Isabel_II_in_Ponce%2C_PR_%28IMG_2684%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Plaza_del_Mercado_de_Ponce" title="Plaza del Mercado de Ponce">Plaza del Mercado de Ponce</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ponce,_Puerto_Rico" title="Ponce, Puerto Rico">Ponce, Puerto Rico</a>, US (1941)</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_in_Paris" title="Art Deco in Paris">Art Deco in Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_in_Brussels" title="Art Deco in Brussels">Art Deco in Brussels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_architecture_in_Europe" title="List of Art Deco architecture in Europe">List of Art Deco architecture in Europe</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Theatre-des-champs-elysees-.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris, France (1910–1913)"><img alt="Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris, France (1910–1913)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Theatre-des-champs-elysees-.jpg/363px-Theatre-des-champs-elysees-.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Theatre-des-champs-elysees-.jpg/544px-Theatre-des-champs-elysees-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Theatre-des-champs-elysees-.jpg/725px-Theatre-des-champs-elysees-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3624" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Théâtre des Champs-Élysées">Théâtre des Champs-Élysées</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France (1910–1913)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 270px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 268px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Estaci%C3%B3n_central_de_FF.CC._de_Helsinki,_Finlandia,_2012-08-14,_DD_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Helsinki Central Station in Helsinki, Finland (1919)"><img alt="Helsinki Central Station in Helsinki, Finland (1919)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Estaci%C3%B3n_central_de_FF.CC._de_Helsinki%2C_Finlandia%2C_2012-08-14%2C_DD_05.JPG/402px-Estaci%C3%B3n_central_de_FF.CC._de_Helsinki%2C_Finlandia%2C_2012-08-14%2C_DD_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="268" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Estaci%C3%B3n_central_de_FF.CC._de_Helsinki%2C_Finlandia%2C_2012-08-14%2C_DD_05.JPG/603px-Estaci%C3%B3n_central_de_FF.CC._de_Helsinki%2C_Finlandia%2C_2012-08-14%2C_DD_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Estaci%C3%B3n_central_de_FF.CC._de_Helsinki%2C_Finlandia%2C_2012-08-14%2C_DD_05.JPG/804px-Estaci%C3%B3n_central_de_FF.CC._de_Helsinki%2C_Finlandia%2C_2012-08-14%2C_DD_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4528" data-file-height="3379" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Central_Station" title="Helsinki Central Station">Helsinki Central Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland (1919)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart,_Brussels_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Koekelberg (Brussels), Belgium (1919–1969)"><img alt="National Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Koekelberg (Brussels), Belgium (1919–1969)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart%2C_Brussels_%281%29.jpg/264px-Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart%2C_Brussels_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart%2C_Brussels_%281%29.jpg/397px-Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart%2C_Brussels_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart%2C_Brussels_%281%29.jpg/529px-Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart%2C_Brussels_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2357" data-file-height="2674" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart,_Brussels" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Brussels">National Basilica of the Sacred Heart</a> in <a href="/wiki/Koekelberg" title="Koekelberg">Koekelberg</a> (Brussels), Belgium (1919–1969)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin,_Mitte,_Schuetzenstrasse,_Mosse-Zentrum_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mossehaus with Art Deco elements by Erich Mendelsohn in Berlin, Germany (1921–1923)"><img alt="Mossehaus with Art Deco elements by Erich Mendelsohn in Berlin, Germany (1921–1923)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Schuetzenstrasse%2C_Mosse-Zentrum_05.jpg/310px-Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Schuetzenstrasse%2C_Mosse-Zentrum_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Schuetzenstrasse%2C_Mosse-Zentrum_05.jpg/465px-Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Schuetzenstrasse%2C_Mosse-Zentrum_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Schuetzenstrasse%2C_Mosse-Zentrum_05.jpg/620px-Berlin%2C_Mitte%2C_Schuetzenstrasse%2C_Mosse-Zentrum_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1341" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mossehaus" title="Mossehaus">Mossehaus</a> with Art Deco elements by <a href="/wiki/Erich_Mendelsohn" title="Erich Mendelsohn">Erich Mendelsohn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany (1921–1923)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_Kootwijk_(aangezicht).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radio Kootwijk in Kootwijk, Netherlands (1927)"><img alt="Radio Kootwijk in Kootwijk, Netherlands (1927)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Radio_Kootwijk_%28aangezicht%29.jpg/450px-Radio_Kootwijk_%28aangezicht%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Radio_Kootwijk_%28aangezicht%29.jpg/675px-Radio_Kootwijk_%28aangezicht%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Radio_Kootwijk_%28aangezicht%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radio_Kootwijk" title="Radio Kootwijk">Radio Kootwijk</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kootwijk" title="Kootwijk">Kootwijk</a>, Netherlands (1927)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid_-_Edificio_Carri%C3%B3n_(36011869036).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capitol Building in Madrid's Gran Vía, Spain (1931)"><img alt="Capitol Building in Madrid's Gran Vía, Spain (1931)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Madrid_-_Edificio_Carri%C3%B3n_%2836011869036%29.jpg/200px-Madrid_-_Edificio_Carri%C3%B3n_%2836011869036%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Madrid_-_Edificio_Carri%C3%B3n_%2836011869036%29.jpg/300px-Madrid_-_Edificio_Carri%C3%B3n_%2836011869036%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Madrid_-_Edificio_Carri%C3%B3n_%2836011869036%29.jpg/400px-Madrid_-_Edificio_Carri%C3%B3n_%2836011869036%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Edificio_Capitol" title="Edificio Capitol">Capitol Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Gran_V%C3%ADa,_Madrid" title="Gran Vía, Madrid">Gran Vía</a>, Spain (1931)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Milan_CentralStation_016_4294.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Milano Centrale railway station in Milan, Italy (1931)"><img alt="Milano Centrale railway station in Milan, Italy (1931)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Milan_CentralStation_016_4294.jpg/450px-Milan_CentralStation_016_4294.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Milan_CentralStation_016_4294.jpg/675px-Milan_CentralStation_016_4294.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Milan_CentralStation_016_4294.jpg/900px-Milan_CentralStation_016_4294.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Milano_Centrale_railway_station" title="Milano Centrale railway station">Milano Centrale railway station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Italy (1931)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galleria_Vittorio_Emanuele_III_(Messina)_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Galleria Vittorio Emanuele III in Messina, (1929)"><img alt="Galleria Vittorio Emanuele III in Messina, (1929)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Galleria_Vittorio_Emanuele_III_%28Messina%29_07.JPG/225px-Galleria_Vittorio_Emanuele_III_%28Messina%29_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Galleria_Vittorio_Emanuele_III_%28Messina%29_07.JPG/337px-Galleria_Vittorio_Emanuele_III_%28Messina%29_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Galleria_Vittorio_Emanuele_III_%28Messina%29_07.JPG/450px-Galleria_Vittorio_Emanuele_III_%28Messina%29_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Galleria Vittorio Emanuele III in <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>, (1929)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_(34595862000).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Éden Theatre in Lisbon, Portugal (1931)"><img alt="Éden Theatre in Lisbon, Portugal (1931)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Hotel_%2834595862000%29.jpg/450px-Hotel_%2834595862000%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Hotel_%2834595862000%29.jpg/675px-Hotel_%2834595862000%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Hotel_%2834595862000%29.jpg/900px-Hotel_%2834595862000%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Éden Theatre in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal (1931)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Embassy_of_France,_Belgrade,_Serbia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Embassy of France in Belgrade, Serbia (1933)"><img alt="Embassy of France in Belgrade, Serbia (1933)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Embassy_of_France%2C_Belgrade%2C_Serbia.jpg/400px-Embassy_of_France%2C_Belgrade%2C_Serbia.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Embassy_of_France%2C_Belgrade%2C_Serbia.jpg/600px-Embassy_of_France%2C_Belgrade%2C_Serbia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Embassy_of_France%2C_Belgrade%2C_Serbia.jpg/800px-Embassy_of_France%2C_Belgrade%2C_Serbia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="749" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_France,_Belgrade" title="Embassy of France, Belgrade">Embassy of France</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia (1933)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 236.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 234.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Express_Building_Manchester.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daily Express Building in Manchester, UK (1936–1939)"><img alt="Daily Express Building in Manchester, UK (1936–1939)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Express_Building_Manchester.jpg/352px-Express_Building_Manchester.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Express_Building_Manchester.jpg/529px-Express_Building_Manchester.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Express_Building_Manchester.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="545" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Daily_Express_Building,_Manchester" title="Daily Express Building, Manchester">Daily Express Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, UK (1936–1939)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais_de_Tokyo,_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palais de Tokyo, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, France (1937)"><img alt="Palais de Tokyo, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, France (1937)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Palais_de_Tokyo%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris.jpg/450px-Palais_de_Tokyo%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Palais_de_Tokyo%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris.jpg/675px-Palais_de_Tokyo%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Palais_de_Tokyo%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris.jpg/900px-Palais_de_Tokyo%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="3667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_Tokyo" title="Palais de Tokyo">Palais de Tokyo</a>, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, France (1937)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1604_Maastunnel_-_entrance_building_of_pedestrian_and_cyclists%27_tunnel_at_Parkkade,_Rotterdam_114.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ventilation tower of the Maastunnel in Rotterdam, Netherlands (1937)[160]"><img alt="Ventilation tower of the Maastunnel in Rotterdam, Netherlands (1937)[160]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1604_Maastunnel_-_entrance_building_of_pedestrian_and_cyclists%27_tunnel_at_Parkkade%2C_Rotterdam_114.jpg/300px-1604_Maastunnel_-_entrance_building_of_pedestrian_and_cyclists%27_tunnel_at_Parkkade%2C_Rotterdam_114.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1604_Maastunnel_-_entrance_building_of_pedestrian_and_cyclists%27_tunnel_at_Parkkade%2C_Rotterdam_114.jpg/450px-1604_Maastunnel_-_entrance_building_of_pedestrian_and_cyclists%27_tunnel_at_Parkkade%2C_Rotterdam_114.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1604_Maastunnel_-_entrance_building_of_pedestrian_and_cyclists%27_tunnel_at_Parkkade%2C_Rotterdam_114.jpg/600px-1604_Maastunnel_-_entrance_building_of_pedestrian_and_cyclists%27_tunnel_at_Parkkade%2C_Rotterdam_114.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2282" data-file-height="2282" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ventilation tower of the Maastunnel in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, Netherlands (1937)<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Porto_Teatro_Rivoli_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rivoli Theater in Porto, Portugal (1937)"><img alt="Rivoli Theater in Porto, Portugal (1937)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Porto_Teatro_Rivoli_4.JPG/399px-Porto_Teatro_Rivoli_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="266" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Porto_Teatro_Rivoli_4.JPG/599px-Porto_Teatro_Rivoli_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Porto_Teatro_Rivoli_4.JPG/799px-Porto_Teatro_Rivoli_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="2128" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rivoli_Theatre_(Portugal)" title="Rivoli Theatre (Portugal)">Rivoli Theater</a> in <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, Portugal (1937)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscow_MayakovskayaMetroStation_0943.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mayakovskaya Station in Moscow, Russia (1938)"><img alt="Mayakovskaya Station in Moscow, Russia (1938)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Moscow_MayakovskayaMetroStation_0943.jpg/462px-Moscow_MayakovskayaMetroStation_0943.jpg" decoding="async" width="308" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Moscow_MayakovskayaMetroStation_0943.jpg/692px-Moscow_MayakovskayaMetroStation_0943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Moscow_MayakovskayaMetroStation_0943.jpg/923px-Moscow_MayakovskayaMetroStation_0943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5740" data-file-height="3732" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mayakovskaya_(Moscow_Metro)" title="Mayakovskaya (Moscow Metro)">Mayakovskaya Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia (1938)</div> </li> </ul> <p>The architectural style first appeared in Paris with the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées (1910–13) by Auguste Perret but then spread rapidly around Europe, until examples could be found in nearly every large city, from London to Moscow. In Germany two variations of Art Deco flourished in the 1920s and 30s: The <a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(architecture)" title="New Objectivity (architecture)">Neue Sachlichkeit</a> style and <a href="/wiki/Expressionist_architecture" title="Expressionist architecture">Expressionist architecture</a>. Notable examples include Erich Mendelsohn's <a href="/wiki/Mossehaus" title="Mossehaus">Mossehaus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schaub%C3%BChne" title="Schaubühne">Schaubühne</a> in Berlin, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_H%C3%B6ger" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritz Höger">Fritz Höger</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chilehaus" title="Chilehaus">Chilehaus</a> in Hamburg and his <a href="/wiki/Kirche_am_Hohenzollernplatz" title="Kirche am Hohenzollernplatz">Kirche am Hohenzollernplatz</a> in Berlin, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anzeiger_Tower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anzeiger Tower (page does not exist)">Anzeiger Tower</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anzeiger-Hochhaus" class="extiw" title="de:Anzeiger-Hochhaus">de</a>]</span> in <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borsig_Tower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borsig Tower (page does not exist)">Borsig Tower</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsig-toring" class="extiw" title="af:Borsig-toring">af</a>]</span> in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the largest Art Deco buildings in Western Europe is the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart,_Brussels" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Brussels">National Basilica of the Sacred Heart</a> in <a href="/wiki/Koekelberg" title="Koekelberg">Koekelberg</a>, Brussels. In 1925, architect Albert van Huffel won the Grand Prize for Architecture with his scale model of the basilica at the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spain and Portugal have some striking examples of Art Deco buildings, particularly movie theaters. Examples in Portugal are the Capitólio Theater (1931) and the Éden Cine-Theatre (1937) in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rivoli_Theatre_(Portugal)" title="Rivoli Theatre (Portugal)">Rivoli Theater</a> (1937) and the <a href="/wiki/Coliseu_do_Porto" title="Coliseu do Porto">Coliseu</a> (1941) in <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Damasceno" title="Rosa Damasceno">Rosa Damasceno</a> Theater (1937) in <a href="/wiki/Santar%C3%A9m,_Portugal" title="Santarém, Portugal">Santarém</a>. An example in Spain is the Cine Rialto in Valencia (1939). </p><p>During the 1930s, Art Deco had a noticeable effect on house design in the United Kingdom,<sup id="cite_ref-Art_Deco_Style_58-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Art_Deco_Style-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the design of various public buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-Design_Handbook_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Design_Handbook-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Straight, white-rendered house frontages rising to flat roofs, sharply geometric door surrounds and tall windows, as well as convex-curved metal corner windows, were all characteristic of that period.<sup id="cite_ref-Art_Deco_(1920s_to_1930s)_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Art_Deco_(1920s_to_1930s)-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> is famous for many examples of Art Deco architecture,<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there are a number of buildings in the style situated along the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Mile_(Brentford)" title="Golden Mile (Brentford)">Golden Mile</a> in Brentford. Also in West London is the Hoover Building, which was originally built for <a href="/wiki/The_Hoover_Company" title="The Hoover Company">The Hoover Company</a> and was converted into a superstore in the early 1990s. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, once known as the "Little Paris" of the 19th century, engaged in a new design after World War I, redirected its inspiration towards New York City. The 1930s brought a new fashion which echoed in the cinema, theatre, dancing styles, art and architecture. Bucharest during the 1930s was marked by more and more Art Deco architecture from the bigger boulevards like <a href="/wiki/Bulevardul_Magheru" title="Bulevardul Magheru">Bulevardul Magheru</a> to the private houses and smaller districts. The <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Telephone_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Bucharest Telephone Palace">Telephone Palace</a>, an early landmark of modern Bucharest, was the first skyscraper of the city. It was the tallest building between 1933 and the 1950s, with a height of 52.5 metres (172 ft). The architects were Louis Weeks and Edmond van Saanen Algi and engineer Walter Troy. The Art Deco monuments are a crucial part of the character of Bucharest since they describe and mark an important period from its history, the interbellic life (World War I–World War II). Most of the buildings from those years are prone to catastrophe, as Bucharest is located in an earthquake zone.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_architecture_in_the_Americas" title="List of Art Deco architecture in the Americas">List of Art Deco architecture in the Americas</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elevador_Lacerda_dia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lacerda Elevator in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil (1930)"><img alt="Lacerda Elevator in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil (1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Elevador_Lacerda_dia.jpg/225px-Elevador_Lacerda_dia.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Elevador_Lacerda_dia.jpg/337px-Elevador_Lacerda_dia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Elevador_Lacerda_dia.jpg/450px-Elevador_Lacerda_dia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lacerda Elevator in <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador, Bahia</a>, Brazil (1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 303.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 301.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kavanagh_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kavanagh Building in Buenos Aires, Argentina (1934–1936)"><img alt="Kavanagh Building in Buenos Aires, Argentina (1934–1936)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Kavanagh_building.jpg/452px-Kavanagh_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="302" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Kavanagh_building.jpg/678px-Kavanagh_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Kavanagh_building.jpg/904px-Kavanagh_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kavanagh_Building" title="Kavanagh Building">Kavanagh Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina (1934–1936)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 303.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 301.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1_-_%22Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1%22_viaduct_(9630396439).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viaduto do Chá in São Paulo, Brazil (1938)"><img alt="Viaduto do Chá in São Paulo, Brazil (1938)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1_-_%22Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1%22_viaduct_%289630396439%29.jpg/452px-Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1_-_%22Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1%22_viaduct_%289630396439%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="302" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1_-_%22Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1%22_viaduct_%289630396439%29.jpg/677px-Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1_-_%22Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1%22_viaduct_%289630396439%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1_-_%22Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1%22_viaduct_%289630396439%29.jpg/903px-Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1_-_%22Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1%22_viaduct_%289630396439%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Viaduto_do_Ch%C3%A1" title="Viaduto do Chá">Viaduto do Chá</a> in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, Brazil (1938)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Est%C3%A1dio_do_Pacaembu,_Sao_Paulo_2017_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pacaembu Stadium in São Paulo, Brazil (1940)"><img alt="Pacaembu Stadium in São Paulo, Brazil (1940)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Est%C3%A1dio_do_Pacaembu%2C_Sao_Paulo_2017_002.jpg/450px-Est%C3%A1dio_do_Pacaembu%2C_Sao_Paulo_2017_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Est%C3%A1dio_do_Pacaembu%2C_Sao_Paulo_2017_002.jpg/675px-Est%C3%A1dio_do_Pacaembu%2C_Sao_Paulo_2017_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Est%C3%A1dio_do_Pacaembu%2C_Sao_Paulo_2017_002.jpg/900px-Est%C3%A1dio_do_Pacaembu%2C_Sao_Paulo_2017_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pacaembu_Stadium" title="Pacaembu Stadium">Pacaembu Stadium</a> in São Paulo, Brazil (1940)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pal%C3%A1cio_Duque_de_Caxias_-_Rio_de_Janeiro_-_20220930133747.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palácio Duque de Caxias in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1941)"><img alt="Palácio Duque de Caxias in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1941)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Pal%C3%A1cio_Duque_de_Caxias_-_Rio_de_Janeiro_-_20220930133747.jpg/405px-Pal%C3%A1cio_Duque_de_Caxias_-_Rio_de_Janeiro_-_20220930133747.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Pal%C3%A1cio_Duque_de_Caxias_-_Rio_de_Janeiro_-_20220930133747.jpg/607px-Pal%C3%A1cio_Duque_de_Caxias_-_Rio_de_Janeiro_-_20220930133747.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Pal%C3%A1cio_Duque_de_Caxias_-_Rio_de_Janeiro_-_20220930133747.jpg/809px-Pal%C3%A1cio_Duque_de_Caxias_-_Rio_de_Janeiro_-_20220930133747.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palácio Duque de Caxias in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil (1941)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Central_do_Brasil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Central do Brasil Station in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1943)"><img alt="Central do Brasil Station in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1943)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Central_do_Brasil.jpg/450px-Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Central_do_Brasil.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Central_do_Brasil.jpg/675px-Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Central_do_Brasil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Central_do_Brasil.jpg/900px-Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Central_do_Brasil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4178" data-file-height="2785" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Central_do_Brasil" title="Central do Brasil">Central do Brasil</a> Station in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1943)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercado_de_Abasto_de_Buenos_Aires,_ca_1945_(AGNA).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abasto Market in Buenos Aires, Argentina (c. 1945)"><img alt="Abasto Market in Buenos Aires, Argentina (c. 1945)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mercado_de_Abasto_de_Buenos_Aires%2C_ca_1945_%28AGNA%29.jpg/274px-Mercado_de_Abasto_de_Buenos_Aires%2C_ca_1945_%28AGNA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mercado_de_Abasto_de_Buenos_Aires%2C_ca_1945_%28AGNA%29.jpg/411px-Mercado_de_Abasto_de_Buenos_Aires%2C_ca_1945_%28AGNA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mercado_de_Abasto_de_Buenos_Aires%2C_ca_1945_%28AGNA%29.jpg/548px-Mercado_de_Abasto_de_Buenos_Aires%2C_ca_1945_%28AGNA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2601" data-file-height="2850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Abasto_de_Buenos_Aires" title="Abasto de Buenos Aires">Abasto Market</a> in Buenos Aires, Argentina (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1945</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 366.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 364.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fachada_Universidad_Mayor_de_San_Andres.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance of the Higher University of San Andrés in La Paz, Bolivia (1946)"><img alt="Entrance of the Higher University of San Andrés in La Paz, Bolivia (1946)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Fachada_Universidad_Mayor_de_San_Andres.jpg/547px-Fachada_Universidad_Mayor_de_San_Andres.jpg" decoding="async" width="365" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Fachada_Universidad_Mayor_de_San_Andres.jpg/821px-Fachada_Universidad_Mayor_de_San_Andres.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Fachada_Universidad_Mayor_de_San_Andres.jpg/1094px-Fachada_Universidad_Mayor_de_San_Andres.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1670" data-file-height="916" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance of the <a href="/wiki/Higher_University_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s" title="Higher University of San Andrés">Higher University of San Andrés</a> in <a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a>, Bolivia (1946)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Altino Arantes Building in São Paulo, Brazil (1947)"><img alt="Altino Arantes Building in São Paulo, Brazil (1947)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg/200px-Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg/301px-Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg/401px-Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3759" data-file-height="5620" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Altino_Arantes_Building" title="Altino Arantes Building">Altino Arantes Building</a> in São Paulo, Brazil (1947)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_Municipal_de_Laprida,_vista_desde_la_plaza.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Palacio Municipal and fountain in Laprida (Buenos Aires), Argentina"><img alt="Palacio Municipal and fountain in Laprida (Buenos Aires), Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Palacio_Municipal_de_Laprida%2C_vista_desde_la_plaza.JPG/400px-Palacio_Municipal_de_Laprida%2C_vista_desde_la_plaza.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Palacio_Municipal_de_Laprida%2C_vista_desde_la_plaza.JPG/600px-Palacio_Municipal_de_Laprida%2C_vista_desde_la_plaza.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Palacio_Municipal_de_Laprida%2C_vista_desde_la_plaza.JPG/800px-Palacio_Municipal_de_Laprida%2C_vista_desde_la_plaza.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palacio Municipal and fountain in <a href="/wiki/Laprida,_Buenos_Aires" title="Laprida, Buenos Aires">Laprida</a> (Buenos Aires), Argentina</div> </li> </ul> <p>Art Deco in South America is especially present in countries that received a great wave of immigration in the first half of the 20th century, with notable works in their richest cities, like <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> in Brazil and <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> in Argentina. The <a href="/wiki/Kavanagh_Building" title="Kavanagh Building">Kavanagh Building</a> in Buenos Aires (1934), by Sánchez, Lagos and de la Torre, was the tallest reinforced-concrete structure when it was completed and is a notable example of late Art Deco style. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preservation_and_neo-Art_Deco">Preservation and neo-Art Deco</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Preservation and neo-Art Deco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Delano_National_MiamiBeach.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Miami Beach Architectural District in Miami, Florida, protects historical Art Deco buildings."><img alt="The Miami Beach Architectural District in Miami, Florida, protects historical Art Deco buildings." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Delano_National_MiamiBeach.JPG/231px-Delano_National_MiamiBeach.JPG" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Delano_National_MiamiBeach.JPG/347px-Delano_National_MiamiBeach.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Delano_National_MiamiBeach.JPG/463px-Delano_National_MiamiBeach.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1448" data-file-height="1878" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach_Architectural_District" title="Miami Beach Architectural District">Miami Beach Architectural District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, Florida, protects historical Art Deco buildings.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:37_Calea_Victoriei,_Bucharest_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Telephone Company Building on Calea Victoriei in Bucharest (1929–1934) by Walter Froy, Louis S. Weeks and Edmond van Saanen Algi, qualified as a monument istoric (Romanian for historic monument)"><img alt="Telephone Company Building on Calea Victoriei in Bucharest (1929–1934) by Walter Froy, Louis S. Weeks and Edmond van Saanen Algi, qualified as a monument istoric (Romanian for historic monument)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/37_Calea_Victoriei%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/190px-37_Calea_Victoriei%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/37_Calea_Victoriei%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/285px-37_Calea_Victoriei%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/37_Calea_Victoriei%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/380px-37_Calea_Victoriei%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2680" data-file-height="4230" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Telephone_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Bucharest Telephone Palace">Telephone Company Building</a> on <a href="/wiki/Calea_Victoriei" title="Calea Victoriei">Calea Victoriei</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> (1929–1934) by Walter Froy, Louis S. Weeks and <a href="/wiki/Edmond_van_Saanen_Algi" title="Edmond van Saanen Algi">Edmond van Saanen Algi</a>, qualified as a <i><a href="/wiki/Monument_istoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Monument istoric">monument istoric</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> for <i>historic monument</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 236px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 234px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:75_Strada_Romulus,_Bucharest_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Strada Romulus no. 75 in Bucharest (1930s) by unknown architect, in a state of decay"><img alt="Strada Romulus no. 75 in Bucharest (1930s) by unknown architect, in a state of decay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/75_Strada_Romulus%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/351px-75_Strada_Romulus%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="234" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/75_Strada_Romulus%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/526px-75_Strada_Romulus%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/75_Strada_Romulus%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/702px-75_Strada_Romulus%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2157" data-file-height="1845" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Strada Romulus no. 75 in Bucharest (1930s) by unknown architect, in a state of decay</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U-Drop_Inn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="U-Drop Inn, a roadside gas station and diner on U.S. Highway 66 in Shamrock, Texas (1936), now a historical monument"><img alt="U-Drop Inn, a roadside gas station and diner on U.S. Highway 66 in Shamrock, Texas (1936), now a historical monument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/U-Drop_Inn.jpg/451px-U-Drop_Inn.jpg" decoding="async" width="301" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/U-Drop_Inn.jpg/677px-U-Drop_Inn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/U-Drop_Inn.jpg/903px-U-Drop_Inn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/U-Drop_Inn" title="U-Drop Inn">U-Drop Inn</a>, a roadside gas station and diner on <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_66" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway 66">U.S. Highway 66</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shamrock,_Texas" title="Shamrock, Texas">Shamrock, Texas</a> (1936), now a historical monument</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 122.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Messeturm,_Frankfurt,_Southwest_detail_view_20170325_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Messeturm in Frankfurt, Germany, by Helmut Jahn (1990), a Postmodern building that is reminiscent of Art Deco architecture[167]"><img alt="Messeturm in Frankfurt, Germany, by Helmut Jahn (1990), a Postmodern building that is reminiscent of Art Deco architecture[167]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Messeturm%2C_Frankfurt%2C_Southwest_detail_view_20170325_1.jpg/184px-Messeturm%2C_Frankfurt%2C_Southwest_detail_view_20170325_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Messeturm%2C_Frankfurt%2C_Southwest_detail_view_20170325_1.jpg/276px-Messeturm%2C_Frankfurt%2C_Southwest_detail_view_20170325_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Messeturm%2C_Frankfurt%2C_Southwest_detail_view_20170325_1.jpg/368px-Messeturm%2C_Frankfurt%2C_Southwest_detail_view_20170325_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4162" data-file-height="6775" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Messeturm" title="Messeturm">Messeturm</a> in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, Germany, by <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Jahn" title="Helmut Jahn">Helmut Jahn</a> (1990), a <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodern</a> building that is reminiscent of Art Deco architecture<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rue_Henri_Heine_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rue Henri Heine no. 3–5 in Paris by J.J. Ory (2001), a neo-Art Deco building[168]"><img alt="Rue Henri Heine no. 3–5 in Paris by J.J. Ory (2001), a neo-Art Deco building[168]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rue_Henri_Heine_3.jpg/400px-Rue_Henri_Heine_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rue_Henri_Heine_3.jpg/600px-Rue_Henri_Heine_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rue_Henri_Heine_3.jpg/800px-Rue_Henri_Heine_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rue Henri Heine no. 3–5 in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> by J.J. Ory (2001), a neo-Art Deco building<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 329.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 327.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smithcenterlv.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Smith Center for the Performing Arts in Las Vegas, Nevada, by David M. Schwarz (2012), a neo-Art Deco building"><img alt="Smith Center for the Performing Arts in Las Vegas, Nevada, by David M. Schwarz (2012), a neo-Art Deco building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Smithcenterlv.jpg/491px-Smithcenterlv.jpg" decoding="async" width="328" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Smithcenterlv.jpg/736px-Smithcenterlv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Smithcenterlv.jpg/981px-Smithcenterlv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1344" data-file-height="822" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Smith_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Smith Center for the Performing Arts">Smith Center for the Performing Arts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, Nevada, by <a href="/wiki/David_M._Schwarz" title="David M. Schwarz">David M. Schwarz</a> (2012), a neo-Art Deco building</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Brooklyn_Tower_010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Brooklyn Tower, in New York City (2021), a major neo-Art Deco skyscraper"><img alt="The Brooklyn Tower, in New York City (2021), a major neo-Art Deco skyscraper" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Brooklyn_Tower_010.jpg/225px-The_Brooklyn_Tower_010.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Brooklyn_Tower_010.jpg/337px-The_Brooklyn_Tower_010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Brooklyn_Tower_010.jpg/450px-The_Brooklyn_Tower_010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/The_Brooklyn_Tower" title="The Brooklyn Tower">Brooklyn Tower</a>, in New York City (2021), a major neo-Art Deco skyscraper</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capella_Hanoi_-_2022-09-02_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capella Hanoi in Vietnam (2021), a neo-Art Deco building"><img alt="Capella Hanoi in Vietnam (2021), a neo-Art Deco building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Capella_Hanoi_-_2022-09-02_02.jpg/450px-Capella_Hanoi_-_2022-09-02_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Capella_Hanoi_-_2022-09-02_02.jpg/675px-Capella_Hanoi_-_2022-09-02_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Capella_Hanoi_-_2022-09-02_02.jpg/900px-Capella_Hanoi_-_2022-09-02_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Capella <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> in Vietnam (2021), a neo-Art Deco building</div> </li> </ul> <p><br /> In many cities, efforts have been made to protect the remaining Art Deco buildings. In many U.S. cities, historic Art Deco cinemas have been preserved and turned into cultural centres. Even more modest Art Deco buildings have been preserved as part of America's architectural heritage; an Art Deco café and gas station along Route 66 in Shamrock, Texas is an historic monument. The Miami Beach Architectural District protects several hundred old buildings, and requires that new buildings comply with the style. In <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, Cuba, many Art Deco buildings have badly deteriorated. Efforts are underway to bring the buildings back to their original appearance. </p><p>In the 21st century, modern variants of Art Deco, called Neo Art Deco (or neo-Art Deco), have appeared in some American cities, inspired by the classic Art Deco buildings of the 1920s and 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-Capitman_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capitman-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include the <a href="/wiki/NBC_Tower" title="NBC Tower">NBC Tower</a> in Chicago, inspired by <a href="/wiki/30_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="30 Rockefeller Plaza">30 Rockefeller Plaza</a> in New York City; the <a href="/wiki/Smith_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Smith Center for the Performing Arts">Smith Center for the Performing Arts</a> in Las Vegas, Nevada, which includes Art Deco call backs to the <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam">Hoover Dam</a>; <a href="/wiki/99_Hudson_Street" title="99 Hudson Street">99 Hudson</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_New_Jersey" title="List of tallest buildings in New Jersey">state's tallest building</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_United_States" title="List of tallest buildings in the United States">46th tallest in the United States</a>, which features Art Deco-inspired <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> and glass lineation; and <a href="/wiki/The_Brooklyn_Tower" title="The Brooklyn Tower">the Brooklyn Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn, New York</a>, the borough's tallest building and the 19th tallest in the country, with its black glass and bronze piping.<sup id="cite_ref-Capitman_169-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capitman-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Municipal_Auditorium_art_deco_chandelier.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Municipal Auditorium of Kansas City, Missouri: Hoit Price & Barnes, and Gentry, Voskamp & Neville (1935)"><img alt="Municipal Auditorium of Kansas City, Missouri: Hoit Price & Barnes, and Gentry, Voskamp & Neville (1935)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Municipal_Auditorium_art_deco_chandelier.jpg/180px-Municipal_Auditorium_art_deco_chandelier.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Municipal_Auditorium_art_deco_chandelier.jpg/270px-Municipal_Auditorium_art_deco_chandelier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Municipal_Auditorium_art_deco_chandelier.jpg/360px-Municipal_Auditorium_art_deco_chandelier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="827" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Auditorium_(Kansas_City,_Missouri)" title="Municipal Auditorium (Kansas City, Missouri)">Municipal Auditorium</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a>, Missouri: Hoit Price & Barnes, and Gentry, Voskamp & Neville (1935)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Niagara_Mohawk_Bldg_(Syracuse,_NY).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niagara Mohawk Building, Syracuse, N.Y.. Melvin L. King and Bley & Lyman, architects, completed in 1932"><img alt="Niagara Mohawk Building, Syracuse, N.Y.. Melvin L. King and Bley & Lyman, architects, completed in 1932" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Niagara_Mohawk_Bldg_%28Syracuse%2C_NY%29.jpg/120px-Niagara_Mohawk_Bldg_%28Syracuse%2C_NY%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Niagara_Mohawk_Bldg_%28Syracuse%2C_NY%29.jpg/181px-Niagara_Mohawk_Bldg_%28Syracuse%2C_NY%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Niagara_Mohawk_Bldg_%28Syracuse%2C_NY%29.jpg/241px-Niagara_Mohawk_Bldg_%28Syracuse%2C_NY%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Mohawk_Building" title="Niagara Mohawk Building">Niagara Mohawk Building</a>, Syracuse, N.Y.. Melvin L. King and Bley & Lyman, architects, completed in 1932</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexican_art_deco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City, Federico Mariscal, completed in 1934"><img alt="Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City, Federico Mariscal, completed in 1934" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Mexican_art_deco.jpg/135px-Mexican_art_deco.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Mexican_art_deco.jpg/202px-Mexican_art_deco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Mexican_art_deco.jpg/270px-Mexican_art_deco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_Bellas_Artes" title="Palacio de Bellas Artes">Palacio de Bellas Artes</a>, Mexico City, Federico Mariscal, completed in 1934</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paramount_Ladies_Lounge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Women's Smoking Room at the Paramount Theatre, Oakland. Timothy L. Pflueger, architect (1931)"><img alt="Women's Smoking Room at the Paramount Theatre, Oakland. Timothy L. Pflueger, architect (1931)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Paramount_Ladies_Lounge.jpg/180px-Paramount_Ladies_Lounge.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Paramount_Ladies_Lounge.jpg/270px-Paramount_Ladies_Lounge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Paramount_Ladies_Lounge.jpg/360px-Paramount_Ladies_Lounge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Women's Smoking Room at the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Theatre_(Oakland,_California)" title="Paramount Theatre (Oakland, California)">Paramount Theatre, Oakland</a>. <a href="/wiki/Timothy_L._Pflueger" title="Timothy L. Pflueger">Timothy L. Pflueger</a>, architect (1931)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rytm2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Henryk Kuna, Rytm ("Rhythm"), in Skaryszewski Park, Warsaw, Poland (1925)"><img alt="Henryk Kuna, Rytm ("Rhythm"), in Skaryszewski Park, Warsaw, Poland (1925)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Rytm2.jpg/135px-Rytm2.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Rytm2.jpg/202px-Rytm2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Rytm2.jpg/270px-Rytm2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Kuna" title="Henryk Kuna">Henryk Kuna</a>, <i>Rytm</i> ("Rhythm"), in Skaryszewski Park, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland (1925)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Snowdon_Theatre_(Montreal).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Snowdon Theatre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Daniel J. Crighton, architect. Opened 1937, closed in 1984"><img alt="Snowdon Theatre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Daniel J. Crighton, architect. Opened 1937, closed in 1984" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Snowdon_Theatre_%28Montreal%29.jpg/180px-Snowdon_Theatre_%28Montreal%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Snowdon_Theatre_%28Montreal%29.jpg/270px-Snowdon_Theatre_%28Montreal%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Snowdon_Theatre_%28Montreal%29.jpg/360px-Snowdon_Theatre_%28Montreal%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Snowdon_Theatre_(Montreal)" title="Snowdon Theatre (Montreal)">Snowdon Theatre</a>, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Daniel J. Crighton, architect. Opened 1937, closed in 1984</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WPAMilkPoster1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Federal Art Project poster promoting milk drinking in Cleveland (1940)"><img alt="Federal Art Project poster promoting milk drinking in Cleveland (1940)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/WPAMilkPoster1940.jpg/122px-WPAMilkPoster1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/WPAMilkPoster1940.jpg/183px-WPAMilkPoster1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/WPAMilkPoster1940.jpg/244px-WPAMilkPoster1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Art_Project" title="Federal Art Project">Federal Art Project</a> poster promoting milk drinking in Cleveland (1940)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Empire_State_Lobby-27527.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lobby, Empire State Building, New York City. William F. Lamb, opened in 1931"><img alt="Lobby, Empire State Building, New York City. William F. Lamb, opened in 1931" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Empire_State_Lobby-27527.jpg/180px-Empire_State_Lobby-27527.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Empire_State_Lobby-27527.jpg/270px-Empire_State_Lobby-27527.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Empire_State_Lobby-27527.jpg/360px-Empire_State_Lobby-27527.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lobby, <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a>, New York City. <a href="/wiki/William_F._Lamb" title="William F. Lamb">William F. Lamb</a>, opened in 1931</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DontKillWildlifeWPA1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="U.S. Works Progress Administration poster, John Wagner, artist, ca. 1940"><img alt="U.S. Works Progress Administration poster, John Wagner, artist, ca. 1940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/DontKillWildlifeWPA1940.jpg/142px-DontKillWildlifeWPA1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/DontKillWildlifeWPA1940.jpg/213px-DontKillWildlifeWPA1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/DontKillWildlifeWPA1940.jpg/285px-DontKillWildlifeWPA1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">U.S. <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a> poster, John Wagner, artist, ca. 1940</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cincinnati_Union_Terminal_29.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rotunda ceiling of Union Terminal in Cincinnati, Ohio; Paul Philippe Cret, Alfred T. Fellheimer, Steward Wagner, Roland Wank(1933)"><img alt="Rotunda ceiling of Union Terminal in Cincinnati, Ohio; Paul Philippe Cret, Alfred T. Fellheimer, Steward Wagner, Roland Wank(1933)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cincinnati_Union_Terminal_29.jpg/180px-Cincinnati_Union_Terminal_29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cincinnati_Union_Terminal_29.jpg/270px-Cincinnati_Union_Terminal_29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cincinnati_Union_Terminal_29.jpg/360px-Cincinnati_Union_Terminal_29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rotunda ceiling of <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Union_Terminal" title="Cincinnati Union Terminal">Union Terminal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, Ohio; <a href="/wiki/Paul_Philippe_Cret" title="Paul Philippe Cret">Paul Philippe Cret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_T._Fellheimer" title="Alfred T. Fellheimer">Alfred T. Fellheimer</a>, Steward Wagner, <a href="/wiki/Roland_Wank" class="mw-redirect" title="Roland Wank">Roland Wank</a>(1933)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_853.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="U.S. postage stamp commemorating the 1939 New York World's Fair (1939)"><img alt="U.S. postage stamp commemorating the 1939 New York World's Fair (1939)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/US_853.jpg/116px-US_853.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/US_853.jpg/175px-US_853.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/US_853.jpg/233px-US_853.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1270" data-file-height="1960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">U.S. postage stamp commemorating the <a href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">1939 New York World's Fair</a> (1939)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BudynekFeniksa-Rze%C5%BAbaNaro%C5%BCna-RynekG%C5%82%C3%B3wny-POL,_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Statue of Hygieia in Art Deco style in Kraków, Poland (1932)"><img alt="The Statue of Hygieia in Art Deco style in Kraków, Poland (1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/BudynekFeniksa-Rze%C5%BAbaNaro%C5%BCna-RynekG%C5%82%C3%B3wny-POL%2C_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/135px-BudynekFeniksa-Rze%C5%BAbaNaro%C5%BCna-RynekG%C5%82%C3%B3wny-POL%2C_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/BudynekFeniksa-Rze%C5%BAbaNaro%C5%BCna-RynekG%C5%82%C3%B3wny-POL%2C_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/202px-BudynekFeniksa-Rze%C5%BAbaNaro%C5%BCna-RynekG%C5%82%C3%B3wny-POL%2C_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/BudynekFeniksa-Rze%C5%BAbaNaro%C5%BCna-RynekG%C5%82%C3%B3wny-POL%2C_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/270px-BudynekFeniksa-Rze%C5%BAbaNaro%C5%BCna-RynekG%C5%82%C3%B3wny-POL%2C_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="4896" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Statue of <a href="/wiki/Hygieia" title="Hygieia">Hygieia</a> in Art Deco style in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, Poland (1932)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also the categories <a href="/wiki/Category:Art_Deco_architecture" title="Category:Art Deco architecture">Art Deco architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Art_Deco_ships" title="Category:Art Deco ships">Art Deco ships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Art_Deco_sculptures_and_memorials" title="Category:Art Deco sculptures and memorials">Art Deco sculptures and memorials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Art_Deco_architects" title="Category:Art Deco architects">Art Deco architects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Art_Deco_artists" title="Category:Art Deco artists">Art Deco artists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Art_Deco_designers" title="Category:Art Deco designers">Art Deco designers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Art_Deco_sculptors" title="Category:Art Deco sculptors">Art Deco sculptors</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920s_in_Western_fashion" title="1920s in Western fashion">1920s in Western fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_folles" title="Années folles">Années folles</a></li> <li>1933 Chicago World's Fair <a href="/wiki/Century_of_Progress" title="Century of Progress">Century of Progress</a></li> <li>1936 <a href="/wiki/Fair_Park" title="Fair Park">Fair Park</a> built for <a href="/wiki/Texas_Centennial_Exposition" title="Texas Centennial Exposition">Texas Centennial Exposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_stamps" title="Art Deco stamps">Art Deco stamps</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlinStamp2023" class="citation magazine cs1">McLaughlin, Katherine; Stamp, Elizabeth (26 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/worlds-most-beautiful-art-deco-buildings">"Art Deco Architecture: Everything You Need to Know"</a>. <i>Architectural Digest</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Architectural+Digest&rft.atitle=Art+Deco+Architecture%3A+Everything+You+Need+to+Know&rft.date=2023-06-26&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.au=Stamp%2C+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.architecturaldigest.com%2Fgallery%2Fworlds-most-beautiful-art-deco-buildings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETexier2012128-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETexier2012128_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTexier2012">Texier 2012</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier196812-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier196812_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier196812_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHillier1968">Hillier 1968</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200316-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200316_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200316_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBentonBentonWood2003">Benton, Benton & Wood 2003</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/miami/news/miami-beach-celebrates-100-years-of-art-deco-style-culture/">"Miami Beach celebrates 100 years of Art Deco style, culture"</a>. CBS news<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Miami+Beach+celebrates+100+years+of+Art+Deco+style%2C+culture&rft.pub=CBS+news&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Famp%2Fmiami%2Fnews%2Fmiami-beach-celebrates-100-years-of-art-deco-style-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Renaut, Christophe and Lazé, Christophe, <i>Les Styles de l'architecture et du mobilier</i> (2006), Editions Jean-Paul Gisserot, pp. 110–116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200313–28-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200313–28_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBentonBentonWood2003">Benton, Benton & Wood 2003</a>, pp. 13–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-criticos-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-criticos_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-criticos_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. pp. 14, 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2"><bdi>978-973-1872-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+sau+Modernismul+Bine+Temperat+-+Art+Deco+or+Well-Tempered+Modernism&rft.pages=14%2C+16&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-03-2&rft.aulast=Criticos&rft.aufirst=Mihaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k111368q">"M. Cunny présente une Note sur un procédé vitro-héliographique applicable aux arts décoratifs"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220180622/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k111368q">Archived</a> 20 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Bulletin de la Société française de photographie</i>, Société française de photographie. Éditeur: Société française de photographie (Paris), 1858, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Sciences et techniques, 8-V-1012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2716231">"Enfin, dans les ateliers, on travaille à l'achèvement des objets d'art décoratifs, qui sont très nombreux"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220180617/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2716231">Archived</a> 20 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Le Figaro</i>, Éditeur: Figaro (Paris), 1869-09-18, no. 260, Bibliothèque nationale de France</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65463131"><i>L'Art décoratif à Limoges</i>, La Voix de la province : Revue littéraire, artistique, agricole et commerciale, 1862</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180816232210/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65463131">Archived</a> 16 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, (1862/04/01 (N1)-1863/01/01 (N12)), Bibliothèque francophone multimédia de Limoges, 2013-220524, Bibliothèque nationale de France</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb32858171s/date">Revue des arts décoratifs (Paris), 1880–1902</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220162222/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb32858171s/date">Archived</a> 20 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Sciences et techniques, 4-V-1113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jdi9QQAACAAJ"><i>Les années "25": art déco, Bauhaus, Stijl, Esprit nouveau</i></a> (in French). Musée des arts décoratifs. 1966.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+ann%C3%A9es+%2225%22%3A+art+d%C3%A9co%2C+Bauhaus%2C+Stijl%2C+Esprit+nouveau&rft.pub=Mus%C3%A9e+des+arts+d%C3%A9coratifs&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJdi9QQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoulin2012" class="citation book cs1">Poulin, Richard (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0kf0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85"><i>Graphic Design and Architecture, A 20th Century History: A Guide to Type, Image, Symbol, and Visual Storytelling in the Modern World</i></a>. Rockport Publishers. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61058-633-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61058-633-7"><bdi>978-1-61058-633-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Graphic+Design+and+Architecture%2C+A+20th+Century+History%3A+A+Guide+to+Type%2C+Image%2C+Symbol%2C+and+Visual+Storytelling+in+the+Modern+World&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Rockport+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-61058-633-7&rft.aulast=Poulin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0kf0AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood2003430-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood2003430_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBentonBentonWood2003">Benton, Benton & Wood 2003</a>, p. 430.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hillier4-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hillier4_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillier1971" class="citation book cs1">Hillier, Bevis (1971). <i>The World of Art Deco: An Exhibition Organized by The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, June–September 1971</i>. E.P. Dutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-525-47680-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-525-47680-1"><bdi>978-0-525-47680-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Art+Deco%3A+An+Exhibition+Organized+by+The+Minneapolis+Institute+of+Arts%2C+June%E2%80%93September+1971&rft.pub=E.P.+Dutton&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-525-47680-1&rft.aulast=Hillier&rft.aufirst=Bevis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBentonBentonWood2010" class="citation book cs1">Benton, Charlotte; Benton, Tim; Wood, Ghislaine (2010). <i>Art Déco dans le monde- 1910–39</i>. Renaissance du Livre. pp. <span class="nowrap">16–</span>17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782507003906" title="Special:BookSources/9782507003906"><bdi>9782507003906</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+D%C3%A9co+dans+le+monde-+1910%E2%80%9339&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E16-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.pub=Renaissance+du+Livre&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9782507003906&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft.au=Benton%2C+Tim&rft.au=Wood%2C+Ghislaine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECabanne1986225-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECabanne1986225_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCabanne1986">Cabanne 1986</a>, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETexier20195–7-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETexier20195–7_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTexier2019">Texier 2019</a>, pp. 5–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood2003165–170-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood2003165–170_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBentonBentonWood2003">Benton, Benton & Wood 2003</a>, pp. 165–170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yslUAAAAMAAJ&q=Art+Deco.+Louis+Vuitton,+Christofle,+Ren%C3%A9+Lalique,+Louis+Cartier,+Boucheron">"<i>Metropolitan Review, Volume 2</i>, Metropolitan Press Publications, 1989, p. 8"</a>. 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+Review%2C+Volume+2%2C+Metropolitan+Press+Publications%2C+1989%2C+p.+8&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyslUAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DArt%2BDeco.%2BLouis%2BVuitton%2C%2BChristofle%2C%2BRen%25C3%25A9%2BLalique%2C%2BLouis%2BCartier%2C%2BBoucheron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i3Od9bcGus0C&q=%22Andr%C3%A9+Vera%22&pg=PA42">Campbell, Gordon, <i>The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts</i>, Oxford University Press, USA, 9 Nov 2006</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206151135/https://books.google.fr/books?id=i3Od9bcGus0C&lpg=PA42&dq=%22The%20Grove%20Encyclopedia%20of%20Decorative%20Arts%22%20%22Andr%C3%A9%20Vera%22%20gordon%20campbell&pg=PA42#v=onepage&q=%22Andr%C3%A9%20Vera%22&f=false">Archived</a> 6 December 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, pp. 42 (Vera), 43 (Cartier), 243 (Christofle), 15, 515, 527 (Lalique), 13, 134 (Boucheron), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195189485" title="Special:BookSources/0195189485">0195189485</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salon_d'Automne_2012-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Salon_d'Automne_2012_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180201192912/http://www.salon-automne.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/catalogue-SA-2012.pdf">"Salon d'Automne 2012, exhibition catalogue"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon-automne.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/catalogue-SA-2012.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salon+d%27Automne+2012%2C+exhibition+catalogue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon-automne.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F01%2Fcatalogue-SA-2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell2_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell2_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i3Od9bcGus0C&q=Printemps&pg=PA43">Campbell, Gordon, <i>The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts</i>, Oxford University Press, USA, 9 Nov 2006</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206151122/https://books.google.fr/books?id=i3Od9bcGus0C&lpg=PA42&dq=%22The%20Grove%20Encyclopedia%20of%20Decorative%20Arts%22%20%22Andr%C3%A9%20Vera%22%20gordon%20campbell&pg=PA43#v=onepage&q=Printemps&f=false">Archived</a> 6 December 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, pp. 42-43 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195189485" title="Special:BookSources/0195189485">0195189485</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-benton165-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-benton165_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurent, Stephane, "L'artiste décorateur", in <i>Art Deco, 1910–1939</i> by Charlotte Benton, Tim Benton and Ghislain Wood (2002), Renaissance du Livre, pages 165–171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220108032535/https://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/oeuvres/bergere-151537">"Bergère - Adrien Karbowsky"</a>. <i>www.musee-orsay.fr</i>. Musee d'Orsay. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/oeuvres/bergere-151537">the original</a> on 8 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.musee-orsay.fr&rft.atitle=Berg%C3%A8re+-+Adrien+Karbowsky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.musee-orsay.fr%2Ffr%2Foeuvres%2Fbergere-151537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas199251–55-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas199251–55_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas199251–55_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArwas1992">Arwas 1992</a>, pp. 51–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arwas,_Russell-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arwas,_Russell_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arwas,_Russell_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arwas,_Russell_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arwas,_Russell_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arwas,_Russell_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArwasRussell1980" class="citation book cs1">Arwas, Victor; Russell, Frank (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Art_Deco_by_Victor_Arwas_and_Frank_Russell"><i>Art Deco</i></a>. New York: Harry N. Abrams. Inc. pp. 21, 52, 85, <span class="nowrap">171–</span>184, <span class="nowrap">197–</span>198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-0691-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-0691-0"><bdi>0-8109-0691-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=21%2C+52%2C+85%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E171-%3C%2Fspan%3E184%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E197-%3C%2Fspan%3E198&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams.+Inc.&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-8109-0691-0&rft.aulast=Arwas&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.au=Russell%2C+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FArt_Deco_by_Victor_Arwas_and_Frank_Russell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan_1988-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan_1988_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan_1988_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan_1988_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan_1988_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Alastair (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofar0000unse_q3m2/page/6/mode/2up?q=cubism"><i>The Encyclopedia of Art Deco, An Illustrative Guide to a Decorative Style from 1920 to 1939</i></a>. New York: E. P. Dutton. pp. <span class="nowrap">46–</span>47, 71, 73, 76, 82, 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780525246138" title="Special:BookSources/9780525246138"><bdi>9780525246138</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Art+Deco%2C+An+Illustrative+Guide+to+a+Decorative+Style+from+1920+to+1939&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E46-%3C%2Fspan%3E47%2C+71%2C+73%2C+76%2C+82%2C+130&rft.pub=E.+P.+Dutton&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780525246138&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofar0000unse_q3m2%2Fpage%2F6%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dcubism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackrell-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mackrell_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackrell_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackrell1990" class="citation book cs1">Mackrell, Alice (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paulpoiret0000mack/page/16/mode/2up?q=cubism"><i>Paul Poiret</i></a>. New York: Holmes & Meier. pp. 16, 56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paul+Poiret&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=16%2C+56&rft.pub=Holmes+%26+Meier&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Mackrell&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpaulpoiret0000mack%2Fpage%2F16%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dcubism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bevis_Hillier-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bevis_Hillier_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bevis_Hillier_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillier1983" class="citation book cs1">Hillier, Bevis (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/styleofcentury1900hill/page/62/mode/2up?q=cubism"><i>The style of the century, 1900–1980</i></a>. New York: Dutton. pp. 62, 67, 70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+style+of+the+century%2C+1900%E2%80%931980&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=62%2C+67%2C+70&rft.pub=Dutton&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Hillier&rft.aufirst=Bevis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstyleofcentury1900hill%2Fpage%2F62%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dcubism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1959" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Peter (1959). <i>Concrete: The Vision of a New Architecture</i>. New York: Horizon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concrete%3A+The+Vision+of+a+New+Architecture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Horizon+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoisson2009318–319-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoisson2009318–319_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPoisson2009">Poisson 2009</a>, pp. 318–319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan2009" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Alastair (2009). <i>Art Deco Complete: The Definitive Guide to the Decorative Arts of the 1920s and 1930s</i>. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-8046-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-8046-4"><bdi>978-0-8109-8046-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+Complete%3A+The+Definitive+Guide+to+the+Decorative+Arts+of+the+1920s+and+1930s&rft.pub=Abrams&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-8046-4&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erle_Lora-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Erle_Lora_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoran1963" class="citation book cs1">Loran, Erle (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vpbEHESVx9cC&pg=PA9"><i>Cézanne's Composition: Analysis of His Form, with Diagrams and Photographs of His Motifs</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-00768-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-00768-0"><bdi>978-0-520-00768-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C%C3%A9zanne%27s+Composition%3A+Analysis+of+His+Form%2C+with+Diagrams+and+Photographs+of+His+Motifs&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=978-0-520-00768-0&rft.aulast=Loran&rft.aufirst=Erle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvpbEHESVx9cC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goss-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goss_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goss_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goss_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goss_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goss_36-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goss_36-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goss_36-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goss_36-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoss,_Jared2010" class="citation web cs1">Goss, Jared (June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/frdc/hd_frdc.htm">"French Art Deco"</a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331091103/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/frdc/hd_frdc.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=French+Art+Deco&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2010-06&rft.au=Goss%2C+Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Ffrdc%2Fhd_frdc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>La Section d'or, 1912-1920-1925</i>, Cécile Debray, Françoise Lucbert, Musées de Châteauroux, Musée Fabre, exhibition catalogue, Éditions Cercle d'art, Paris, 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eve Blau, Nancy J. Troy, "The <i>Maison Cubiste</i> and the meaning of modernism in pre-1914 France", in <i>Architecture and Cubism</i>, Montreal, Cambridge, MA, London: MIT Press−Centre Canadien d'Architecture, 1998, pp. 17–40, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-52328-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-52328-0">0-262-52328-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nancy J. Troy, <i>Modernism and the Decorative Arts in France: Art Nouveau to Le Corbusier</i>, New Haven CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1991, pp. 79–102, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-04554-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-04554-9">0-300-04554-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Portraits of Architects- André Mare" site of the Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine (in French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2000" class="citation book cs1">Green, Christopher (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vlY6SLmg-xEC&pg=PA161">"Chapter 8, Modern Spaces; Modern Objects; Modern People"</a>. <i>Art in France, 1900–1940</i>. Yale University Press. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09908-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09908-9"><bdi>978-0-300-09908-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8%2C+Modern+Spaces%3B+Modern+Objects%3B+Modern+People&rft.btitle=Art+in+France%2C+1900%E2%80%931940&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-300-09908-9&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvlY6SLmg-xEC%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">André Mare, <i>Salon Bourgeois, Salon d'Automne</i>, The Literary Digest, <i>Doom of the Antique</i>, 30 November 1912, p. 1012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1912-11-10/ed-1/seq-46/"><i>The Sun</i> (New York, N.Y.)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150217234104/http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1912-11-10/ed-1/seq-46/">Archived</a> 17 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 10 November 1912. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben Davis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/cubism-at-the-met-modern-art-that-looks-tragically-antique-157075">'"Cubism" at the Met: Modern Art That Looks Tragically Antique'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927012922/https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/cubism-at-the-met-modern-art-that-looks-tragically-antique-157075">Archived</a> 27 September 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Exhibition: "Cubism: The Leonard A. Lauder Collection", Metropolitan Museum of Art, <i>ArtNet News</i>, 6 November 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313233214/http://www.kubisme.info/kt324a.html">"La Maison Cubiste, 1912"</a>. <i>kubisme.info</i> (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 13 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kubisme.info&rft.atitle=La+Maison+Cubiste%2C+1912&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kubisme.info%2Fkt324a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas199252-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas199252_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArwas1992">Arwas 1992</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas199254-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas199254_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas199254_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArwas1992">Arwas 1992</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kubisme.info/kt315s.html">"Kubistische werken op de Armory Show"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kubistische+werken+op+de+Armory+Show&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kubisme.info%2Fkt315s.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/detail-duchampvillons-faade-architecturale-14604">Detail of Duchamp-Villon's <i>Façade architecturale</i>, catalog number 609, unidentified photographer, 1913. Walt Kuhn, Kuhn family papers, and Armory Show records, 1859–1984, bulk 1900–1949</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314150144/http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/detail-duchampvillons-faade-architecturale-14604">Archived</a> 14 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/catnter00unse/catnter00unse_djvu.txt">"Catalogue of international exhibition of modern art: at the Armory of the Sixty-ninth Infantry, 1913</a>, Duchamp-Villon, Raymond, <i>Facade Architectural</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M0brAAAAMAAJ">Richard Harrison Martin, <i>Cubism and Fashion</i>, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), 1998, p. 99</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206151121/https://books.google.es/books/about/Cubism_and_Fashion.html?id=M0brAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y">Archived</a> 6 December 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0870998889" title="Special:BookSources/0870998889">0870998889</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pss-archi_eu-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pss-archi_eu_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pss-archi_eu_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pss-archi.eu/immeubles/FR-75056-27646.html">"26, avenue Montaigne"</a>. <i>pss-archi.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pss-archi.eu&rft.atitle=26%2C+avenue+Montaigne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pss-archi.eu%2Fimmeubles%2FFR-75056-27646.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrasset1905" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Grasset, Eugène (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6109619d">"Méthode de composition ornementale, Éléments rectilignes"</a> (in French). Librarie Centrale des Beaux-Arts, Paris<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2012</span> – via Gallica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9thode+de+composition+ornementale%2C+%C3%89l%C3%A9ments+rectilignes&rft.pub=Librarie+Centrale+des+Beaux-Arts%2C+Paris&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Grasset&rft.aufirst=Eug%C3%A8ne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k6109619d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrasset1905" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Grasset, Eugène (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mthodedecomposit01gras">"Méthode de composition ornementale"</a> (in French) (published 10 March 2001)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9thode+de+composition+ornementale&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Grasset&rft.aufirst=Eug%C3%A8ne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmthodedecomposit01gras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2014" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Denna, ed. (2014). <i>Architecture The Whole Story</i>. Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-29148-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-29148-1"><bdi>978-0-500-29148-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+The+Whole+Story&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-500-29148-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeston2011" class="citation book cs1">Weston, Richard (2011). <i>100 Ideas That Changed Architecture</i>. Laurence King. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78627-567-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78627-567-7"><bdi>978-1-78627-567-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+Ideas+That+Changed+Architecture&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Laurence+King&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-78627-567-7&rft.aulast=Weston&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>10,000 YEARS OF ART</i>. Phaidon. 2009. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-4969-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-4969-0"><bdi>978-0-7148-4969-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=10%2C000+YEARS+OF+ART&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Phaidon&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7148-4969-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Art_Deco_Style-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Art_Deco_Style_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Art_Deco_Style_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Art_Deco_Style_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Art_Deco_Style_58-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080207022236/http://arthistory.heindorffhus.dk/frame-Style21-ArtDeco.htm">"Art Deco Style"</a>. Museum of London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arthistory.heindorffhus.dk/frame-Style21-ArtDeco.htm">the original</a> on 7 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+Style&rft.pub=Museum+of+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farthistory.heindorffhus.dk%2Fframe-Style21-ArtDeco.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Essential_Art_Deco-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Essential_Art_Deco_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2003" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Ghislaine (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/essentialartdeco00wood"><i>Essential Art Deco</i></a></span>. London: VA&A Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8212-2833-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8212-2833-1"><bdi>0-8212-2833-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+Art+Deco&rft.place=London&rft.pub=VA%26A+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8212-2833-1&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Ghislaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fessentialartdeco00wood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Design:_A_Concise_History-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Design:_A_Concise_History_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Design:_A_Concise_History_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHauffe1998" class="citation book cs1">Hauffe, Thomas (1998). <i>Design: A Concise History</i> (1 ed.). London: Laurence King.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design%3A+A+Concise+History&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Laurence+King&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Hauffe&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vam.ac.uk/nal/guides/art_deco/index.html">"Art Deco Study Guide"</a>. Victoria and Albert Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081025210428/http://www.vam.ac.uk/nal/guides/art_deco/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+Study+Guide&rft.pub=Victoria+and+Albert+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vam.ac.uk%2Fnal%2Fguides%2Fart_deco%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuster" class="citation web cs1">Juster, Randy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081029202446/http://www.decopix.com/New%20Site/Pages/Directory%20Pages/Intro.html">"Introduction to Art Deco"</a>. decopix.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.decopix.com/New%20Site/Pages/Directory%20Pages/Intro.html">the original</a> on 29 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Art+Deco&rft.pub=decopix.com&rft.aulast=Juster&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.decopix.com%2FNew%2520Site%2FPages%2FDirectory%2520Pages%2FIntro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-University_Times-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-University_Times_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"How Art Deco came to be". <i>University Times</i>. <b>36</b> (4). University of Pittsburgh. 9 October 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+Times&rft.atitle=How+Art+Deco+came+to+be&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2003-10-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRijksmonument{{{1}}}" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl/monuments/18329">"Rietveld Schröder huis (rijksmonument #18329)"</a>. <i>Monumentenregister</i> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/Rijksdienst_voor_het_Cultureel_Erfgoed" title="Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed">Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Monumentenregister&rft.atitle=Rietveld+Schr%C3%B6der+huis+%28rijksmonument+%2318329%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl%2Fmonuments%2F18329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2"><bdi>978-973-1872-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+sau+Modernismul+Bine+Temperat+-+Art+Deco+or+Well-Tempered+Modernism&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-03-2&rft.aulast=Criticos&rft.aufirst=Mihaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaizman2012" class="citation book cs1">Raizman, David (2012). <i>History of Modern Design - 3rd Edition</i>. Laurence King. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78627-682-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78627-682-7"><bdi>978-1-78627-682-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Modern+Design+-+3rd+Edition&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Laurence+King&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-78627-682-7&rft.aulast=Raizman&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2"><bdi>978-973-1872-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+sau+Modernismul+Bine+Temperat+-+Art+Deco+or+Well-Tempered+Modernism&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-03-2&rft.aulast=Criticos&rft.aufirst=Mihaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-criticos67-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-criticos67_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-criticos67_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2"><bdi>978-973-1872-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+sau+Modernismul+Bine+Temperat+-+Art+Deco+or+Well-Tempered+Modernism&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-03-2&rft.aulast=Criticos&rft.aufirst=Mihaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-criticos88-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-criticos88_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-criticos88_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2"><bdi>978-973-1872-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+sau+Modernismul+Bine+Temperat+-+Art+Deco+or+Well-Tempered+Modernism&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-03-2&rft.aulast=Criticos&rft.aufirst=Mihaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Art%2C+Design+and+Visual+Thinking&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Jirousek&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchar.txa.cornell.edu%2Fart%2Fdecart%2Fartdeco%2Fartdeco.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan19888-10-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan19888-10_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncan1988">Duncan 1988</a>, p. 8-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan19887–8-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan19887–8_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncan1988">Duncan 1988</a>, pp. 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECharles201335–104-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECharles201335–104_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCharles2013">Charles 2013</a>, pp. 35–104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Corbusier, <i>Vers une architecture</i>, Flammarion, republished in 1995, page xix</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larousse Encyclopedia on-line edition (in French)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. Should be able to at least supply a URL if it is on-line. (August 2021)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan19888-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan19888_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncan1988">Duncan 1988</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Design_Handbook-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Design_Handbook_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Design_Handbook_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFellFell2006" class="citation book cs1">Fell, Charlotte; Fell, Peter (2006). <i>Design Handbook: Concepts, Materials and Styles</i> (1 ed.). Taschen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+Handbook%3A+Concepts%2C+Materials+and+Styles&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Fell&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft.au=Fell%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Art_Deco_(1920s_to_1930s)-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Art_Deco_(1920s_to_1930s)_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Art_Deco_(1920s_to_1930s)_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeindorf2006" class="citation web cs1">Heindorf, Anne (24 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080207022236/http://arthistory.heindorffhus.dk/frame-Style21-ArtDeco.htm">"Art Deco (1920s to 1930s)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arthistory.heindorffhus.dk/frame-Style21-ArtDeco.htm">the original</a> on 7 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+%281920s+to+1930s%29&rft.date=2006-07-24&rft.aulast=Heindorf&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farthistory.heindorffhus.dk%2Fframe-Style21-ArtDeco.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaunt2005" class="citation web cs1">Gaunt, Pamela (August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217013725/http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/uploads/approved/adt-NUN20060515.093519/public/02whole.pdf">"The Decorative in Twentieth Century Art: A Story of Decline and Resurgence"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Lausanne: Editions Acatos.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Balfour, Alan (1978). Rockefeller Center: Architecture as Theater. McGraw-Hill, Inc., p. 311, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-070-03480-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-070-03480-8">978-0-070-03480-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enotes-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-enotes_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enotes.com/poetry-criticism/macleish-archibald">"Archibald MacLeish Criticism"</a>. Enotes.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archibald+MacLeish+Criticism&rft.pub=Enotes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enotes.com%2Fpoetry-criticism%2Fmacleish-archibald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://livingnewdeal.org/projects/city-college-san-francisco-pan-american-unity-mural-san-francisco-ca/">"City College of San Francisco: Rivera Mural – San Francisco CA"</a>. <i>The Living New Deal</i>. Department of Geography, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Living+New+Deal&rft.atitle=City+College+of+San+Francisco%3A+Rivera+Mural+%E2%80%93+San+Francisco+CA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flivingnewdeal.org%2Fprojects%2Fcity-college-san-francisco-pan-american-unity-mural-san-francisco-ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atkins, Robert (1993). <i>ArtSpoke: A Guide to Modern Ideas, Movements, and Buzzwords, 1848–1944</i>. <a href="/wiki/Abbeville_Publishing_Group" title="Abbeville Publishing Group">Abbeville Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55859-388-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55859-388-6">978-1-55859-388-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WPA_Art_Recovery_Project-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WPA_Art_Recovery_Project_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150919064231/https://www.gsaig.gov/index.cfm/other-documents/other/works-progress-administration-wpa-art-recovery-project/">"Works Progress Administration (WPA) Art Recovery Project"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Inspector_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Inspector General">Office of the Inspector General</a>, General Services Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsaig.gov/index.cfm/other-documents/other/works-progress-administration-wpa-art-recovery-project/">the original</a> on 19 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Works+Progress+Administration+%28WPA%29+Art+Recovery+Project&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Inspector+General%2C+General+Services+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsaig.gov%2Findex.cfm%2Fother-documents%2Fother%2Fworks-progress-administration-wpa-art-recovery-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas1992165–66-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas1992165–66_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArwas1992">Arwas 1992</a>, pp. 165–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber1985" class="citation book cs1">Weber, Eva (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0671808044"><i>Art deco in America</i></a>. Exeter Books. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0671808044" title="Special:BookSources/0671808044"><bdi>0671808044</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+deco+in+America&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Exeter+Books&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0671808044&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D0671808044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988121–141-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988121–141_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncan1988">Duncan 1988</a>, pp. 121–141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988140-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988140_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncan1988">Duncan 1988</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas1992141–163-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas1992141–163_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArwas1992">Arwas 1992</a>, pp. 141–163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Catley, <i>Deco and other Bronzes</i>, pp. 203–209, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1851493821" title="Special:BookSources/978-1851493821">978-1851493821</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kjellberg-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kjellberg_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKjellberg1994" class="citation book cs1">Kjellberg, Pierre (1994). <i>Bronzes of the 19th Century</i> (First ed.). Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. p. 551. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88740-629-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-88740-629-7"><bdi>0-88740-629-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bronzes+of+the+19th+Century&rft.place=Atglen%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=551&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Schiffer+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-88740-629-7&rft.aulast=Kjellberg&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edith_Balas,_1998-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edith_Balas,_1998_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_0T8LAAAAIAAJ">Edith Balas, 1998, <i>Joseph Csaky: A Pioneer of Modern Sculpture</i></a>, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/robesdePaulPoir00Irib">"Paul Iribe, <i>Les robes de Paul Poiret</i>, 1908"</a>. 1908.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paul+Iribe%2C+Les+robes+de+Paul+Poiret%2C+1908&rft.date=1908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FrobesdePaulPoir00Irib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988148–150-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988148–150_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988148–150_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncan1988">Duncan 1988</a>, pp. 148–150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoisson2009299,_318-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoisson2009299,_318_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPoisson2009">Poisson 2009</a>, pp. 299, 318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlum2014134-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlum2014134_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlum2014">Plum 2014</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArdman198586–87-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArdman198586–87_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArdman1985">Ardman 1985</a>, pp. 86–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adsla-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adsla_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adsla_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adsla_101-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artdecola.org/what-is-art-deco">"Art Deco Society of Los Angeles"</a>. <i>Art Deco Society of Los Angeles</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Art+Deco+Society+of+Los+Angeles&rft.atitle=Art+Deco+Society+of+Los+Angeles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartdecola.org%2Fwhat-is-art-deco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ih-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ih_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ih_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ih_102-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://invitinghome.com/types-of-art-deco-architecture/">"Types of Art Deco Architecture"</a>. <i>Inviting Home</i>. 30 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inviting+Home&rft.atitle=Types+of+Art+Deco+Architecture&rft.date=2019-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvitinghome.com%2Ftypes-of-art-deco-architecture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-508park-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-508park_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-508park_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.508park.org/styles-of-art-deco">"Styles of Art Deco"</a>. <i>508 Park</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=508+Park&rft.atitle=Styles+of+Art+Deco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.508park.org%2Fstyles-of-art-deco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988197-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988197_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncan1988">Duncan 1988</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Burchard and Albert Bush Brown, <i>The Architecture of America</i> (1966), Atlantic, Little and Brown, page 277</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood2003249–258-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood2003249–258_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBentonBentonWood2003">Benton, Benton & Wood 2003</a>, pp. 249–258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorel2012125–30-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorel2012125–30_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorel2012">Morel 2012</a>, pp. 125–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDi_Ionna2019" class="citation web cs1">Di Ionna, Mark (2 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tapinto.net/towns/berkeley-heights/articles/art-deco-buildings-turned-newark-from-frankenstein-monster-to-place-of-refinement">"Art Deco Buildings Turned Newark from Frankenstein Monster to Place of Refinement"</a>. <i>tapinto.net</i>. Tapinto<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tapinto.net&rft.atitle=Art+Deco+Buildings+Turned+Newark+from+Frankenstein+Monster+to+Place+of+Refinement&rft.date=2019-07-02&rft.aulast=Di+Ionna&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tapinto.net%2Ftowns%2Fberkeley-heights%2Farticles%2Fart-deco-buildings-turned-newark-from-frankenstein-monster-to-place-of-refinement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988198–200-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988198–200_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988198–200_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncan1988">Duncan 1988</a>, pp. 198–200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988197–199-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988197–199_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncan1988">Duncan 1988</a>, pp. 197–199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pss-archi.eu/immeubles/FR-75056-16276.html">"PSS / 41, avenue Montaigne"</a>. <i>pss-archi.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pss-archi.eu&rft.atitle=PSS+%2F+41%2C+avenue+Montaigne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pss-archi.eu%2Fimmeubles%2FFR-75056-16276.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2"><bdi>978-973-1872-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+sau+Modernismul+Bine+Temperat+-+Art+Deco+or+Well-Tempered+Modernism&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-03-2&rft.aulast=Criticos&rft.aufirst=Mihaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2"><bdi>978-973-1872-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+sau+Modernismul+Bine+Temperat+-+Art+Deco+or+Well-Tempered+Modernism&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-03-2&rft.aulast=Criticos&rft.aufirst=Mihaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. p. 196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2"><bdi>978-973-1872-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+sau+Modernismul+Bine+Temperat+-+Art+Deco+or+Well-Tempered+Modernism&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-03-2&rft.aulast=Criticos&rft.aufirst=Mihaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monument.heritage.brussels/fr/glossary/500">"Art Déco"</a>. <i>monument.heritage.brussels</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=monument.heritage.brussels&rft.atitle=Art+D%C3%A9co&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonument.heritage.brussels%2Ffr%2Fglossary%2F500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2"><bdi>978-973-1872-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+sau+Modernismul+Bine+Temperat+-+Art+Deco+or+Well-Tempered+Modernism&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-03-2&rft.aulast=Criticos&rft.aufirst=Mihaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardwood2019" class="citation book cs1">Hardwood, Elain (2019). <i>Art Deco Britain - Buildings of the Interwar Years</i>. Batsford. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849945271" title="Special:BookSources/9781849945271"><bdi>9781849945271</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+Britain+-+Buildings+of+the+Interwar+Years&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781849945271&rft.aulast=Hardwood&rft.aufirst=Elain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIMETRIA-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SIMETRIA_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIMETRIA_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2"><bdi>978-973-1872-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+sau+Modernismul+Bine+Temperat+-+Art+Deco+or+Well-Tempered+Modernism&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-03-2&rft.aulast=Criticos&rft.aufirst=Mihaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2"><bdi>978-973-1872-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+sau+Modernismul+Bine+Temperat+-+Art+Deco+or+Well-Tempered+Modernism&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-03-2&rft.aulast=Criticos&rft.aufirst=Mihaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2"><bdi>978-973-1872-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+sau+Modernismul+Bine+Temperat+-+Art+Deco+or+Well-Tempered+Modernism&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-03-2&rft.aulast=Criticos&rft.aufirst=Mihaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Explanatory text on Art Deco in the Museum of Decorative Arts, Paris.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (August 2021)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988250-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan1988250_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncan1988">Duncan 1988</a>, p. 250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCready1997" class="citation book cs1">McCready, Karen (1997). <i>Art Deco and Modernist ceramics</i>. Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0500278253" title="Special:BookSources/978-0500278253"><bdi>978-0500278253</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+and+Modernist+ceramics&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0500278253&rft.aulast=McCready&rft.aufirst=Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200391–93-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBentonBentonWood200391–93_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBentonBentonWood2003">Benton, Benton & Wood 2003</a>, pp. 91–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas199251-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas199251_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArwas1992">Arwas 1992</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan198815-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan198815_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncan1988">Duncan 1988</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArwas199256-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArwas199256_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArwas1992">Arwas 1992</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan198818–19-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan198818–19_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncan1988">Duncan 1988</a>, pp. 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffith_Winton2008" class="citation web cs1">Griffith Winton, Alexandra (October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dsgn2/hd_dsgn2.htm">"Design, 1925–50"</a>. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Metropolitan Museum of Art.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Design%2C+1925%E2%80%9350&rft.series=Heilbrunn+Timeline+of+Art+History&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2008-10&rft.aulast=Griffith+Winton&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fdsgn2%2Fhd_dsgn2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncan198836-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncan198836_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncan1988">Duncan 1988</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooper-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cooper_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2011" class="citation journal cs1">Cooper, Dan (November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4zAEAAAAMBAJ">"Furniture of the Jazz Age"</a>. <i>Old-House Interiors</i>. <b>7</b> (6). William J. O'Donnell: 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Old-House+Interiors&rft.atitle=Furniture+of+the+Jazz+Age&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=42&rft.date=2011-11&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4zAEAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGartman1994" class="citation book cs1">Gartman, David (1994). <i>Auto Opium</i>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">122–</span>124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-10572-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-10572-9"><bdi>978-0-415-10572-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Auto+Opium&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E122-%3C%2Fspan%3E124&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-415-10572-9&rft.aulast=Gartman&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090624171243/http://www.phxart.org/exhibition/exhibitioncurves.aspx">"Curves of Steel: Streamlined Automobile Design"</a>. Phoenix Art Museum. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phxart.org/exhibition/exhibitioncurves.aspx">the original</a> on 24 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curves+of+Steel%3A+Streamlined+Automobile+Design&rft.pub=Phoenix+Art+Museum&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phxart.org%2Fexhibition%2Fexhibitioncurves.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmi1989" class="citation book cs1">Armi, C. Edson (1989). <i>The Art of American Car Design</i>. Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-00479-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-00479-2"><bdi>978-0-271-00479-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+American+Car+Design&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-271-00479-2&rft.aulast=Armi&rft.aufirst=C.+Edson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinckley2005" class="citation book cs1">Hinckley, James (2005). <i>The Big Book of Car Culture: The Armchair Guide to Automotive Americana</i>. MotorBooks/MBI Publishing. p. 239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-1965-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-1965-9"><bdi>978-0-7603-1965-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Big+Book+of+Car+Culture%3A+The+Armchair+Guide+to+Automotive+Americana&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=MotorBooks%2FMBI+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-1965-9&rft.aulast=Hinckley&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De Morant, Henry, <i>Histoire des arts décoratifs</i> (1970), pg. 448-453</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beltra,_Rubio_2016-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beltra,_Rubio_2016_137-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beltra,_Rubio_2016_137-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Beltra, Rubio, <i>Exploring Art Deco in Textile and Fashion Design</i>, 20 December 2016, Site of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Museum">Metropolitan Museum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-met-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-met_138-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-met_138-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-met_138-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-met_138-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2007/poiret">"The Metropolitan Museum of Art – Special Exhibitions: Poiret: King of Fashion"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art+%E2%80%93+Special+Exhibitions%3A+Poiret%3A+King+of+Fashion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fexhibitions%2Flistings%2F2007%2Fpoiret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horton-2007-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Horton-2007_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHortonSimmons2007" class="citation book cs1">Horton, Ros; Simmons, Sally (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7LYLOj2APSsC&pg=PA103"><i>Women Who Changed the World</i></a>. Quercus. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1847240262" title="Special:BookSources/978-1847240262"><bdi>978-1847240262</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Laurence King. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78627-682-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78627-682-7"><bdi>978-1-78627-682-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+Years+of+Fashion&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Laurence+King&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-78627-682-7&rft.aulast=Blackman&rft.aufirst=Cally&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.antiqueringboutique.com/pages/art-deco">"Art Deco-era rings: how to buy and what to look for"</a>. <i>Antique Ring Boutique</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=artdecobucharest.ro&rft.atitle=Bucharest%3A+Modernism+Art+Deco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartdecobucharest.ro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2"><bdi>978-973-1872-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+sau+Modernismul+Bine+Temperat+-+Art+Deco+or+Well-Tempered+Modernism&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-03-2&rft.aulast=Criticos&rft.aufirst=Mihaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriticos2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Criticos, Mihaela (2009). <i>Art Deco sau Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism</i> (in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-03-2"><bdi>978-973-1872-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+sau+Modernismul+Bine+Temperat+-+Art+Deco+or+Well-Tempered+Modernism&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-03-2&rft.aulast=Criticos&rft.aufirst=Mihaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Capitman-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Capitman_169-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Capitman_169-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbara_B._Capitman1994" class="citation book cs1">Barbara B. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Downtown+Brooklyn+Gets+the+Gotham+City+Treatment&rft.date=2023-09-25&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F2023-09-25%2Fbrooklyn-tower-and-100-flatbush-lead-brooklyn-s-art-deco-revival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2022" class="citation web cs1">Davies, Rachel (17 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/exclusive-look-inside-brooklyns-tallest-skyscraper">"Exclusive Look Inside Brooklyn's Tallest Skyscraper"</a>. <i>architecturaldigest.com</i>. Architectural Digest<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=architecturaldigest.com&rft.atitle=Exclusive+Look+Inside+Brooklyn%E2%80%99s+Tallest+Skyscraper&rft.date=2022-05-17&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.architecturaldigest.com%2Fstory%2Fexclusive-look-inside-brooklyns-tallest-skyscraper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArdman1985" class="citation book cs1">Ardman, Harvey (1985). <i>Normandie, Her Life and Times</i>. New York: Franklin Watts. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0531097846" title="Special:BookSources/0531097846"><bdi>0531097846</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Normandie%2C+Her+Life+and+Times&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Franklin+Watts&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0531097846&rft.aulast=Ardman&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArwas1992" class="citation book cs1">Arwas, Victor (1992). <i>Art Deco</i>. Harry N. Abrams Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-1926-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-1926-5"><bdi>0-8109-1926-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams+Inc.&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8109-1926-5&rft.aulast=Arwas&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBayer1999" class="citation book cs1">Bayer, Patricia (1999). <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_Architecture:_Design,_Decoration_and_Detail_from_the_Twenties_and_Thirties" title="Art Deco Architecture: Design, Decoration and Detail from the Twenties and Thirties"><i>Art Deco Architecture: Design, Decoration and Detail from the Twenties and Thirties</i></a>. Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-28149-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-28149-9"><bdi>978-0-500-28149-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+Architecture%3A+Design%2C+Decoration+and+Detail+from+the+Twenties+and+Thirties&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-500-28149-9&rft.aulast=Bayer&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBentonBentonWood2003" class="citation book cs1">Benton, Charlotte; Benton, Tim; Wood, Ghislaine (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artdeco191019390000unse"><i>Art Deco: 1910–1939</i></a></span>. Bulfinch. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8212-2834-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8212-2834-0"><bdi>978-0-8212-2834-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco%3A+1910%E2%80%931939&rft.pub=Bulfinch&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8212-2834-0&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft.au=Benton%2C+Tim&rft.au=Wood%2C+Ghislaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartdeco191019390000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlondel1999" class="citation book cs1">Blondel, Alain (1999). <i>Tamara de Lempicka: a Catalogue Raisonné 1921–1980</i>. Lausanne: Editions Acatos.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tamara+de+Lempicka%3A+a+Catalogue+Raisonn%C3%A9+1921%E2%80%931980&rft.place=Lausanne&rft.pub=Editions+Acatos&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Blondel&rft.aufirst=Alain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreeze2003" class="citation book cs1">Breeze, Carla (2003). <i>American Art Deco: Modernistic Architecture and Regionalism</i>. W. W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-01970-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-01970-4"><bdi>978-0-393-01970-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Art+Deco%3A+Modernistic+Architecture+and+Regionalism&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-393-01970-4&rft.aulast=Breeze&rft.aufirst=Carla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabanne1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cabanne, Pierre (1986). <i>Encyclopédie Art Deco</i> (in French). Somogy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-85056-178-9" title="Special:BookSources/2-85056-178-9"><bdi>2-85056-178-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A9die+Art+Deco&rft.pub=Somogy&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=2-85056-178-9&rft.aulast=Cabanne&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles2013" class="citation book cs1">Charles, Victoria (2013). <i>Art Déco</i>. Parkstone International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84484-864-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84484-864-5"><bdi>978-1-84484-864-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+D%C3%A9co&rft.pub=Parkstone+International&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84484-864-5&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Morant1970" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">De Morant, Henry (1970). <i>Histoire des arts décoratifs</i> (in French). Hachette.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+arts+d%C3%A9coratifs&rft.pub=Hachette&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=De+Morant&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDucher2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ducher, Rpbert (2014). <i>La charactéristique des styles</i> (in French). Flammarion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-0813-4383-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-0813-4383-2"><bdi>978-2-0813-4383-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+charact%C3%A9ristique+des+styles&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-2-0813-4383-2&rft.aulast=Ducher&rft.aufirst=Rpbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan1988" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Alastair (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artdeco00dunc"><i>Art déco</i></a></span>. Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-87811-003-X" title="Special:BookSources/2-87811-003-X"><bdi>2-87811-003-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+d%C3%A9co&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=2-87811-003-X&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartdeco00dunc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan2009" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Alastair (2009). <i>Art Deco Complete: The Definitive Guide to the Decorative Arts of the 1920s and 1930s</i>. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-8046-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-8046-4"><bdi>978-0-8109-8046-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+Complete%3A+The+Definitive+Guide+to+the+Decorative+Arts+of+the+1920s+and+1930s&rft.pub=Abrams&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-8046-4&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2002" class="citation book cs1">Gallagher, Fiona (2002). <i>Christie's Art Deco</i>. Pavilion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86205-509-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86205-509-4"><bdi>978-1-86205-509-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christie%27s+Art+Deco&rft.pub=Pavilion+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-86205-509-4&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillier1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bevis_Hillier" title="Bevis Hillier">Hillier, Bevis</a> (1968). <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_of_the_20s_and_30s" title="Art Deco of the 20s and 30s"><i>Art Deco of the 20s and 30s</i></a>. Studio Vista. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-289-27788-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-289-27788-1"><bdi>978-0-289-27788-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+of+the+20s+and+30s&rft.pub=Studio+Vista&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-289-27788-1&rft.aulast=Hillier&rft.aufirst=Bevis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Corbusier1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Le Corbusier (1996). <i>L'Art Decoratif Aujourd'hui</i> (in French). Flammarion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-0812-2062-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-0812-2062-1"><bdi>978-2-0812-2062-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Art+Decoratif+Aujourd%27hui&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-2-0812-2062-1&rft.au=Le+Corbusier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2007" class="citation book cs1">Long, Christopher (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paultfranklmoder0000long"><i>Paul T. Frankl and Modern American Design</i></a></span>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12102-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12102-5"><bdi>978-0-300-12102-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paul+T.+Frankl+and+Modern+American+Design&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12102-5&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpaultfranklmoder0000long&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucie-Smith1996" class="citation book cs1">Lucie-Smith, Edward (1996). <i>Art Deco Painting</i>. Phaidon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3576-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3576-1"><bdi>978-0-7148-3576-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+Painting&rft.pub=Phaidon+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7148-3576-1&rft.aulast=Lucie-Smith&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay2005" class="citation book cs1">Ray, Gordon N. (2005). Tansell, G. Thomas (ed.). <i>The Art Deco Book in France</i>. Bibliographical Society of The University of Virginia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883631-12-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883631-12-3"><bdi>978-1-883631-12-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+Deco+Book+in+France&rft.pub=Bibliographical+Society+of+The+University+of+Virginia&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-883631-12-3&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Gordon+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehmann2012" class="citation book cs1">Lehmann, Niels (2012). Rauhut, Christoph (ed.). <i>Modernism London Style</i>. Hirmer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7774-8031-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7774-8031-2"><bdi>978-3-7774-8031-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modernism+London+Style&rft.pub=Hirmer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-7774-8031-2&rft.aulast=Lehmann&rft.aufirst=Niels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorel2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Morel, Guillaume (2012). <i>Art Déco</i> (in French). Éditions Place des Victoires. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8099-0701-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8099-0701-8"><bdi>978-2-8099-0701-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+D%C3%A9co&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Place+des+Victoires&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-2-8099-0701-8&rft.aulast=Morel&rft.aufirst=Guillaume&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkroyan2008–2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Okroyan, Mkrtich (2008–2011). <i>Art Deco Sculpture: From Root to Flourishing (vol.1,2)</i> (in Russian). Russian Art Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-905495-02-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-905495-02-1"><bdi>978-5-905495-02-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+Sculpture%3A+From+Root+to+Flourishing+%28vol.1%2C2%29&rft.pub=Russian+Art+Institute&rft.date=2008%2F2011&rft.isbn=978-5-905495-02-1&rft.aulast=Okroyan&rft.aufirst=Mkrtich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlagnieux2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Plagnieux, Philippe (2003). <i>Cathérale Notre Dame d'Amiens</i> (in French). Éditions du Patrimoine, Centre des Monuments Nationaux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-27577-0404-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-27577-0404-2"><bdi>978-27577-0404-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cath%C3%A9rale+Notre+Dame+d%27Amiens&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Patrimoine%2C+Centre+des+Monuments+Nationaux&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-27577-0404-2&rft.aulast=Plagnieux&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlum2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Plum, Giles (2014). <i>Paris architectures de la Belle Epoque</i> (in French). Parigramme. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84096-800-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84096-800-9"><bdi>978-2-84096-800-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paris+architectures+de+la+Belle+Epoque&rft.pub=Parigramme&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-2-84096-800-9&rft.aulast=Plum&rft.aufirst=Giles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoisson2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Poisson, Michel (2009). <i>1000 Immeubles et monuments de Paris</i> (in French). Parigramme. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84096-539-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84096-539-8"><bdi>978-2-84096-539-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1000+Immeubles+et+monuments+de+Paris&rft.pub=Parigramme&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-2-84096-539-8&rft.aulast=Poisson&rft.aufirst=Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavageKowalski2004" class="citation book cs1">Savage, Rebecca Binno; Kowalski, Greg (2004). <i>Art Deco in Detroit (Images of America)</i>. Arcadia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-3228-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-3228-8"><bdi>978-0-7385-3228-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Deco+in+Detroit+%28Images+of+America%29&rft.pub=Arcadia&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7385-3228-8&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+Binno&rft.au=Kowalski%2C+Greg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTexier2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Texier, Simon (2012). <i>Paris: Panorama de l'architecture</i> (in French). Parigramme. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84096-667-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84096-667-8"><bdi>978-2-84096-667-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paris%3A+Panorama+de+l%27architecture&rft.pub=Parigramme&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-2-84096-667-8&rft.aulast=Texier&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTexier2019" class="citation book cs1">Texier, Simon (2019). <i>Art Déco</i>. Editions Ouest-France. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-27373-8172-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-27373-8172-0"><bdi>978-27373-8172-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+D%C3%A9co&rft.pub=Editions+Ouest-France&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-27373-8172-0&rft.aulast=Texier&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnes2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Unes, Wolney (2003). <i>Identidade Art Déco de Goiânia</i> (in Portuguese). Ateliê. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/85-7480-090-2" title="Special:BookSources/85-7480-090-2"><bdi>85-7480-090-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Identidade+Art+D%C3%A9co+de+Goi%C3%A2nia&rft.pub=Ateli%C3%AA&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=85-7480-090-2&rft.aulast=Unes&rft.aufirst=Wolney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent2008" class="citation book cs1">Vincent, G.K. (2008). <i>A History of Du Cane Court: Land, Architecture, People and Politics</i>. Woodbine Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9541675-1-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9541675-1-6"><bdi>978-0-9541675-1-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Du+Cane+Court%3A+Land%2C+Architecture%2C+People+and+Politics&rft.pub=Woodbine+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-9541675-1-6&rft.aulast=Vincent&rft.aufirst=G.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWardWard1978" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Mary; Ward, Neville (1978). <i>Home in the Twenties and Thirties</i>. Ian Allan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-0785-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-0785-3"><bdi>0-7110-0785-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Home+in+the+Twenties+and+Thirties&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-7110-0785-3&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.au=Ward%2C+Neville&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiellFiell2005" class="citation book cs1">Fiell, Charlotte; Fiell, Peter (2005). <i>Design of the 20th Century</i> (25th anniversary ed.). Köln: Taschen. pp. <span class="nowrap">48–</span>53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783822840788" title="Special:BookSources/9783822840788"><bdi>9783822840788</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/809539744">809539744</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+of+the+20th+Century&rft.place=K%C3%B6ln&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E48-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.edition=25th+anniversary&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F809539744&rft.isbn=9783822840788&rft.aulast=Fiell&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft.au=Fiell%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+Deco" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Deco&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Art_Deco" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Art Deco">Art Deco</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Art_Deco_architecture#Q173782" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Art Deco architecture">Art Deco architecture</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/art_deco" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/art deco">art deco</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miamibeach-usa.com/miami-beach-art-deco/">Art Deco Miami Beach</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artdecomumbai.com/">Art Deco Mumbai</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artdecomontreal.com">Art Deco Montreal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adsw.org/">Art Deco Society of Washington</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theproductsflash.co.in/living-room-interior-design/">living room interior design</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artdecoriodejaneiro.com/">Art Deco Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghaiartdeco.net">Art Deco Shanghai</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.artdecomuseum.ru/">Art Deco Museum in Moscow</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artdeco.org/">Art Deco Society New York</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsla.org/info/">Art Deco Society of Los Angeles</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150517020223/http://adsla.org/info/">Archived</a> 17 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://walkmontreal.com/walks/art-deco/">Art Deco Walk in Montreal</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Art_of_Europe" title="Art of Europe">Premodern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a> art movements</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a>/<a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">periods</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Premodern<br />(Western)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_art" title="Ancient art">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_treasure" title="Thracian treasure">Thracian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_art" title="Dacian art">Dacian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization#Culture" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_art" title="Aegean art">Aegean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_art" title="Cycladic art">Cycladic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_art" title="Minoan art">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyan_ware" title="Minyan ware">Minyan ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece#Art_and_pottery" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Mycenaean_pottery" title="Sub-Mycenaean pottery">Sub-Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protogeometric_style" title="Protogeometric style">Protogeometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_art" title="Geometric art">Geometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalizing_period" title="Orientalizing period">Orientalizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Greek art">Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">Black-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">Red-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_style" title="Severe style">Severe style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art#Classical" title="Ancient Greek art">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_style" title="Kerch style">Kerch style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art#"Baroque"" title="Hellenistic art">"Baroque"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_art" title="Indo-Greek art">Indo-Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Attic" title="Neo-Attic">Neo-Attic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_art" title="Etruscan art">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian art">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_sculpture" title="Iberian sculpture">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls#Art" title="Gauls">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republican_art" title="Roman Republican art">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman art">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustan_and_Julio-Claudian_art" title="Augustan and Julio-Claudian art">Julio-Claudian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeian_Styles" title="Pompeian Styles">Pompeian Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajanic_art" title="Trajanic art">Trajanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severan_art" title="Severan art">Severan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Antique_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antique art">Late antique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christian_art_and_architecture" title="Early Christian art and architecture">Early Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_art" title="Coptic art">Coptic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_art" title="Ethiopian art">Ethiopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_art" title="Migration Period art">Migration Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_art" title="Anglo-Saxon art">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnic_art" title="Hunnic art">Hunnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards#Art" title="Lombards">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_art_and_architecture" title="Visigothic art and architecture">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_portrait" title="Donor portrait">Donor portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picts#Art" title="Picts">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_art_and_architecture" title="Mozarabic art and architecture">Mozarabic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Repoblaci%C3%B3n_art_and_architecture" title="Repoblación art and architecture">Repoblación</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_art" title="Viking art">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeologan_Renaissance#Art_and_architecture" title="Palaeologan Renaissance">Palaeologan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Byzantine" title="Italo-Byzantine">Italo-Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks#Art_and_architecture" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_art_and_architecture" title="Merovingian art and architecture">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_art" title="Carolingian art">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Romanesque_art_and_architecture" title="Pre-Romanesque art and architecture">Pre-Romanesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonian_art" title="Ottonian art">Ottonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosan_art" title="Mosan art">Mosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Romanesque" title="Spanish Romanesque">Spanish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans#Visual_arts" title="Normans">Norman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman%E2%80%93Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_culture" title="Norman–Arab–Byzantine culture">Norman-Sicilian</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opus_Anglicanum" title="Opus Anglicanum">Opus Anglicanum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art_in_Milan" title="Gothic art in Milan">Gothic art in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic" title="International Gothic">International Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic_art_in_Italy" title="International Gothic art in Italy">International Gothic art in Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_school" title="Lucchese school">Lucchese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Crusades" title="Art of the Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_school" title="Moscow school">Moscow school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_school" title="Novgorod school">Novgorod school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sienese_school" title="Sienese school">Sienese school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_art" title="Mudéjar art">Mudéjar</a></li> <li>Medieval <a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Medieval_Europe" title="History of cartography">cartography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Italian_cartography_and_the_birth_of_portolan_charts" title="History of cartography">Italian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorcan_cartographic_school" title="Majorcan cartographic school">Majorcan school</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mappa_mundi" title="Mappa mundi">Mappa mundi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Renaissance">Proto-Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_painting" title="Florentine painting">Florentine school</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittura_infamante" title="Pittura infamante">Pittura infamante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Ferrara" title="School of Ferrara">Ferrarese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forlivese_school_of_art" title="Forlivese school of art">Forlivese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_painting" title="Venetian painting">Venetian school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_school" title="Bolognese school">Bolognese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Maniera" title="Counter-Maniera">Counter-<i>Maniera</i></a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Renaissance" title="Northern Renaissance">Northern Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Netherlandish_painting" title="Early Netherlandish painting">Early Netherlandish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_landscape" title="World landscape">World landscape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghent%E2%80%93Bruges_school" title="Ghent–Bruges school">Ghent–Bruges school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mannerism" title="Northern Mannerism">Northern Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Renaissance" title="German Renaissance">German Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_school_of_painting" title="Cologne school of painting">Cologne school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_school" title="Danube school">Danube school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_and_Flemish_Renaissance_painting" title="Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting">Dutch and Flemish Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp_Mannerism" title="Antwerp Mannerism">Antwerp Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanism_(painting)" title="Romanism (painting)">Romanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">Still life</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance#Visual_arts" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists_of_the_Tudor_court" title="Artists of the Tudor court">Tudor court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_school" title="Cretan school">Cretan school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquerie" title="Turquerie">Turquerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Fontainebleau" title="School of Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_late_16th_century_in_Milan" title="Art of the late 16th century in Milan">Art of the late 16th century in Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_in_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque in Milan">Baroque in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Baroque_painting" title="Flemish Baroque painting">Flemish Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravaggisti" title="Caravaggisti">Caravaggisti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Caravaggism" title="Utrecht Caravaggism">in Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrism" title="Tenebrism">Tenebrism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_style" title="Louis XIII style">Louis XIII style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran baroque">Lutheran Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroganov_school" title="Stroganov school">Stroganov school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_painter" title="Animal painter">Animal painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_of_Romanists" title="Guild of Romanists">Guild of Romanists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">Dutch Golden Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delft_school_(painting)" title="Delft school (painting)">Delft school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_(art)" title="Capriccio (art)">Capriccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_school_(painting)" title="Ionian school (painting)">Heptanese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism#In_the_fine_arts" title="Classicism">Classicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_style" title="Louis XIV style">Louis XIV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poussinists_and_Rubenists" title="Poussinists and Rubenists">Poussinists and Rubenists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocaille" title="Rocaille">Rocaille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_style" title="Louis XV style">Louis XV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederician_Rococo" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederician Rococo">Frederician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">Chinoiserie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_galante" title="Fête galante">Fête galante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Go%C3%BBt_grec" title="Goût grec">Goût grec</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adam style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directoire_style" title="Directoire style">Directoire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture_in_Milan" title="Neoclassical architecture in Milan">Neoclassical architecture in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Colonial art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Art of the <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_art" title="Caribbean art">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">Haitian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Colonial Asian art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letras_y_figuras" title="Letras y figuras">Letras y figuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipos_del_Pa%C3%ADs" title="Tipos del País">Tipos del País</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Asia" title="Baroque">Colonial Asian Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_style" title="Company style">Company style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art" title="Latin American art">Latin American art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casta_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Casta painting">Casta painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochristian_art" title="Indochristian art">Indochristian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_school_of_religious_imagery" title="Chilote school of religious imagery">Chilote school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuzco_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuzco school">Cuzco school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_school" title="Quito school">Quito school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Americas" title="Baroque">Latin American Baroque</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Art borrowing<br />Western elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus#Art_and_architecture" title="Al-Andalus">Moorish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_art" title="Manichaean art">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal art">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_art" title="Qajar art">Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_handicrafts" title="Qing handicrafts">Qing handicrafts</a></li> <li>Western influence in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akita_ranga" title="Akita ranga">Akita ranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uki-e" title="Uki-e">Uki-e</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art#Western_art_after_1770" title="History of art">Transition<br />to modern</a><br />(c. 1770 – 1862)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_painting" title="Fairy painting">Fairy painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Danish Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour_style" title="Troubadour style">Troubadour style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Shoreham Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf school of painting">Düsseldorf school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(American_art_style)" title="Luminism (American art style)">American luminism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalism#Orientalist_art" title="Orientalism">Orientalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_school_of_painters" title="Norwich school of painters">Norwich school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_style" title="Empire style">Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(art_movement)" title="Realism (art movement)">Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbizon school">Barbizon school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verismo_(painting)" title="Verismo (painting)">Verismo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macchiaioli" title="Macchiaioli">Macchiaioli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">Academic art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_school" title="Munich school">Munich school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_academic_art_of_the_19th_century" title="Greek academic art of the 19th century">in Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Grec#Painting" title="Neo-Grec">Neo-Grec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etching_revival" title="Etching revival">Etching revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a><br />(1863–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1863–1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism#Arts" title="Romantic nationalism">National romanticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dga" title="Yōga">Yōga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihonga" title="Nihonga">Nihonga</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japonisme" title="Japonisme">Japonisme</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_style" title="Anglo-Japanese style">Anglo-Japanese style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuron_school" title="Beuron school">Beuron school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague school">Hague school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredvizhniki" title="Peredvizhniki">Peredvizhniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Impressionism" title="American Impressionism">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoosier_Group" title="Hoosier Group">Hoosier Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_school_(painting)" title="Boston school (painting)">Boston school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Impressionism" title="Amsterdam Impressionism">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Impressionism" title="Canadian Impressionism">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidelberg school">Heidelberg school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aestheticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pottery" title="Art pottery">Art pottery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">Decadent movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(movement)" title="Symbolism (movement)">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbolist_movement_in_Romania" title="Symbolist movement in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_symbolism#Visual_arts" title="Russian symbolism">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_school" title="Volcano school">Volcano school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(Impressionism)" title="Luminism (Impressionism)">Luminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointillism" title="Pointillism">Pointillism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Aven_School" title="Pont-Aven School">Pont-Aven School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloisonnism" title="Cloisonnism">Cloisonnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetism" title="Synthetism">Synthetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Nabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Nabis">Les Nabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="American Barbizon school">American Barbizon school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_tonalism" class="mw-redirect" title="California tonalism">California tonalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo#Visual_costumbrismo_in_the_Americas" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1900–1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Milan" title="Art Nouveau in Milan">Art Nouveau in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Impressionism" title="California Impressionism">California Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_(art)" title="Secession (art)">Secessionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Secession" title="Munich Secession">Munich Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Secession" title="Berlin Secession">Berlin Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_westdeutscher_Kunstfreunde_und_K%C3%BCnstler" title="Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler">Sonderbund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Impressionism" title="Pennsylvania Impressionism">Pennsylvania Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_American_Painters" title="Ten American Painters">Ten American Painters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Realism" class="mw-redirect" title="American Realism">American Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashcan school">Ashcan school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_(painters)" title="The Eight (painters)">A Nyolcak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_K%C3%BCnstlervereinigung_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Neue Künstlervereinigung München">Neue Künstlervereinigung München</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysical_painting" title="Metaphysical painting">Metaphysical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivism_(art)" title="Productivism (art)">Productivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1915–1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sosaku-hanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosaku-hanga">Sosaku-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Cubism" title="Crystal Cubism">Crystal Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Constructivist_movement" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Constructivism" title="Universal Constructivism">Universal Constructivism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin-hanga" title="Shin-hanga">Shin-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_order" title="Return to order">Return to order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novecento_Italiano" title="Novecento Italiano">Novecento Italiano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurative_Constructivism" title="Figurative Constructivism">Figurative Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stupid_(art_movement)" title="Stupid (art movement)">Stupid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Progressives" title="Cologne Progressives">Cologne Progressives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeitsrat_f%C3%BCr_Kunst" title="Arbeitsrat für Kunst">Arbeitsrat für Kunst</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_Group_(German)" title="November Group (German)">November Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_tonalism" title="Australian tonalism">Australian tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Secession" title="Dresden Secession">Dresden Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_Antrop%C3%B3fago" title="Manifesto Antropófago">Anthropophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingei" title="Mingei">Mingei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven_(artists)" title="Group of Seven (artists)">Group of Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Surrealism_in_Iran" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Surrealism" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_muralism" title="Mexican muralism">Mexican muralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Fauvism" title="Neo-Fauvism">Neo-Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precisionism" title="Precisionism">Precisionism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeropittura" title="Aeropittura">Aeropittura</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Revolutionary_Visual_Artists" title="Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists">Asso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Romana" title="Scuola Romana">Scuola Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercle_et_Carr%C3%A9" title="Cercle et Carré">Cercle et Carré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Group_(New_Zealand_art)" title="The Group (New Zealand art)">The Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapists" title="Kapists">Kapists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(art)" title="Regionalism (art)">Regionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Scene_Painting" title="California Scene Painting">California Scene Painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Nazi art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_art" title="Concrete art">Concrete art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstraction-Cr%C3%A9ation" title="Abstraction-Création">Abstraction-Création</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiki_culture" title="Tiki culture">Tiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_(Expressionists)" title="The Ten (Expressionists)">The Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art#Dimensionist_manifesto" title="Fourth dimension in art">Dimensionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Expressionism" title="Boston Expressionism">Boston Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_School_of_Painting" title="Leningrad School of Painting">Leningrad school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">Postmodern</a><br />(1945–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1945–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Typographic_Style" title="International Typographic Style">International Typographic Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Color_School" title="Washington Color School">Washington Color School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visionary_art" title="Visionary art">Visionary art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_School_of_Fantastic_Realism" title="Vienna School of Fantastic Realism">Vienna School of Fantastic Realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatialism" title="Spatialism">Spatialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_field" title="Color field">Color field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical abstraction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tachisme" title="Tachisme">Tachisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Informale" title="Arte Informale">Arte Informale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBRA_(art_movement)" title="COBRA (art movement)">COBRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuagisme" title="Nuagisme">Nuagisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Ruptura" title="Generación de la Ruptura">Generación de la Ruptura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jikken_K%C5%8Db%C5%8D" title="Jikken Kōbō">Jikken Kōbō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalf_Chateau" title="Metcalf Chateau">Metcalf Chateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono-ha" title="Mono-ha">Mono-ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Style" title="Nanyang Style">Nanyang Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_painting" title="Action painting">Action painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Figurative_Expressionism" title="American Figurative Expressionism">American Figurative Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Figurative_Expressionism" title="New York Figurative Expressionism">in New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_School_(art)#Visual_arts" title="New York School (art)">New York school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard-edge_painting" title="Hard-edge painting">Hard-edge painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Figurative_Movement" title="Bay Area Figurative Movement">Bay Area Figurative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Plasticiens" title="Les Plasticiens">Les Plasticiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutai_Art_Association" title="Gutai Art Association">Gutai Art Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai_Bijutsu_Kondankai" title="Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai">Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Soviet Nonconformist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_underground" title="Ukrainian underground">Ukrainian underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Lettrist" title="Ultra-Lettrist">Ultra-Lettrist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Highwaymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Highwaymen">Florida Highwaymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetic_art" title="Cybernetic art">Cybernetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodeans" title="Antipodeans">Antipodeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1960–1969</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otra_Figuraci%C3%B3n" title="Otra Figuración">Otra Figuración</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Presencia" title="Nueva Presencia">Nueva Presencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_(art)" title="Zero (art)">ZERO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada_Organizers" title="Neo-Dada Organizers">Neo-Dada Organizers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">Op art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_tendance" title="Nouvelle tendance">Nouvelle tendance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_realism" title="Capitalist realism">Capitalist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arts_Movement" title="Black Arts Movement">Black Arts Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caribbean_Artists_Movement" title="The Caribbean Artists Movement">The Caribbean Artists Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_art_movement" title="Chicano art movement">Chicano art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">Land art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">Systems art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_art" title="Video art">Video art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_art" title="Generative art">Generative art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-painterly_abstraction" title="Post-painterly abstraction">Post-painterly abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermedia" title="Intermedia">Intermedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_art" title="Psychedelic art">Psychedelic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_Art" title="Nut Art">Nut Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">Photorealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_art" title="Environmental art">Environmental art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_critique" title="Institutional critique">Institutional critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_and_Space" title="Light and Space">Light and Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">Street art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Feminist art movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Feminist art movement in the United States">in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Saqqakhaneh_movement" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Saqqakhaneh movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stars_Art_Group" title="The Stars Art Group">The Stars Art Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoru_no_Kai" title="Yoru no Kai">Yoru no Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">Artificial intelligence art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1970–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-conceptual_art" title="Post-conceptual art">Post-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artscene" class="mw-redirect" title="Artscene">Artscene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">Endurance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sots_Art" title="Sots Art">Sots Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conceptualists" title="Moscow Conceptualists">Moscow Conceptualists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_and_Decoration" title="Pattern and Decoration">Pattern and Decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliontanism" title="Pliontanism">Pliontanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_visual_art" title="Punk visual art">Punk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-expressionism" title="Neo-expressionism">Neo-expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transavantgarde" title="Transavantgarde">Transavantgarde</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art#Saint_Soleil_School" title="Haitian art">Saint Soleil school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_art" title="Guerrilla art">Guerrilla art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowbrow_(art_movement)" title="Lowbrow (art movement)">Lowbrow art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telematic_art" title="Telematic art">Telematic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-conceptual_art" title="Neo-conceptual art">Neo-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_European_Painting" title="New European Painting">New European Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_collaborative_painting" title="Tunisian collaborative painting">Tunisian collaborative painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Group" title="Memphis Group">Memphis Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdelic" title="Cyberdelic">Cyberdelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_video" title="Scratch video">Scratch video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">Retrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_British_Artists" title="Young British Artists">Young British Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfiction" title="Superfiction">Superfiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taring_Padi" title="Taring Padi">Taring Padi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Leipzig_School" title="New Leipzig School">New Leipzig school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artivism" title="Artivism">Artivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Designers_Republic" title="The Designers Republic">The Designers Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge#Graphic_design" title="Grunge">Grunge design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdadism" title="Verdadism">Verdadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Apartment_Art" title="Chinese Apartment Art">Chinese Apartment Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">2000–<br />present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_pop_art" title="Amazonian pop art">Amazonian pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altermodern" title="Altermodern">Altermodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_for_art" title="Art for art">Art for art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">Art intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandalism" title="Brandalism">Brandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Realism" title="Classical Realism">Classical Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_African_art" title="Contemporary African art">Contemporary African art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Contemporary Indigenous Australian art">Contemporary Indigenous Australian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fungible_token#Digital_art" title="Non-fungible token">Crypto art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_art" title="Cyborg art">Cyborg art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excessivism" title="Excessivism">Excessivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictive_art" title="Fictive art">Fictive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_design" title="Flat design">Flat design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_Memphis" title="Corporate Memphis">Corporate Memphis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(art)" title="Hypermodernism (art)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperrealism_(visual_arts)" title="Hyperrealism (visual arts)">Hyperrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idea_art" title="Idea art">Idea art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_art" title="Internet art">Internet art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Internet" title="Post-Internet">Post-Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_art" title="IPhone art">iPhone art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch_movement" title="Kitsch movement">Kitsch movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightpainting" title="Lightpainting">Lightpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massurrealism" title="Massurrealism">Massurrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_European_ink_painting" title="Modern European ink painting">Modern European ink painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern#Artist_group" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosymbolism" title="Neosymbolism">Neosymbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionism" title="Passionism">Passionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-YBAs" title="Post-YBAs">Post-YBAs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_art" title="Relational art">Relational art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeuomorph#In_design" title="Skeuomorph">Skeuomorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_art" title="Software art">Software art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_art" title="Sound art">Sound art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuckism" title="Stuckism">Stuckism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SoFlo_Superflat" title="SoFlo Superflat">SoFlo Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstroke" title="Superstroke">Superstroke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyism" title="Toyism">Toyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilalianism" title="Unilalianism">Unilalianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave">Vaporwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Artists_Network" title="Walking Artists Network">Walking Artists Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">Abstract art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Christian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Catholic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Fantastic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_genres" title="Hierarchy of genres">Hierarchy of genres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genre_painting" title="Genre painting">Genre painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">History painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Jewish art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">Landscape painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_sculpture" title="Modern sculpture">Modern sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">Naïve art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">Outsider art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art#Europe" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric European art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_art" title="Queer art">Queer art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_art" title="Shock art">Shock art</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">Trompe-l'œil</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">Western painting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Art_movements" title="Category:Art movements">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_architecture220" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_architecture" title="Template:History of architecture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_architecture" title="Template talk:History of architecture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_architecture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of architecture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_architecture220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">History of architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_architectural_styles" title="Timeline of architectural styles">Architectural timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_construction" title="History of construction">History of construction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="BCE">BCE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mesopotamia" title="Architecture of Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture" title="Ancient Egyptian architecture">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li>Aegean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization#Architecture" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece#Architecture" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_architecture" title="Etruscan architecture">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">Classical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_architecture" title="Ancient Roman architecture">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodian_architecture" title="Herodian architecture">Herodian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture#Pre-Islamic_architecture_of_Persia" title="Iranian architecture">Pre-Islamic Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_architecture" title="Achaemenid architecture">Achaemenid</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1st_millennium" title="1st millennium">1st millennium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_architecture" title="Sasanian architecture">Sasanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine</a></li> <li>East Slavic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Architecture of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_church_architecture" title="Russian church architecture">Muscovite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_architecture" title="Umayyad architecture">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Moorish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_architecture" title="Abbasid architecture">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_architecture" title="Fatimid architecture">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture#Islamic_architecture_of_Persia" title="Iranian architecture">Islamic Persian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Scandinavian_architecture" title="Medieval Scandinavian architecture">Medieval Scandinavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Romanesque_art_and_architecture" title="Pre-Romanesque art and architecture">Pre-Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_architecture" title="Carolingian architecture">Carolingian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1000–1500</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galician_school_(architecture)" title="Galician school (architecture)">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonian_architecture" title="Ottonian architecture">Ottonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_architecture" title="Hoysala architecture">Hoysala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_architecture" title="Vijayanagara architecture">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_architecture" title="Western Chalukya architecture">Western Chalukya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Islamic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seljuk_architecture" title="Great Seljuk architecture">Great Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuk_architecture" title="Anatolian Seljuk architecture">Anatolian Seljuk architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_architecture" title="Mamluk architecture">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_architecture" title="Timurid architecture">Timurid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_architecture" title="Ottoman architecture">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Islamic_architecture" title="Indo-Islamic architecture">Indo-Islamic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Gothic" title="Romano-Gothic">Romano-Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sondergotik" title="Sondergotik">Sondergotik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_architecture" title="Inca architecture">Incan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_architecture" title="Aztec architecture">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateresque" title="Plateresque">Plateresque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1500–1750</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manueline" title="Manueline">Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladian_architecture" title="Palladian architecture">Palladian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonial_architecture" title="Portuguese colonial architecture">Portuguese Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_architecture" title="Sikh architecture">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1750–1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Baroque" title="Andean Baroque">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Baroque_architecture" title="Czech Baroque architecture">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Baroque_architecture" title="Dutch Baroque architecture">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="English Baroque">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Baroque_architecture" title="French Baroque architecture">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Baroque_architecture" title="Italian Baroque architecture">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Baroque_architecture" title="Maltese Baroque architecture">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrine_Baroque" title="Petrine Baroque">Petrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Baroque" title="Elizabethan Baroque">Elizabethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naryshkin_Baroque" title="Naryshkin Baroque">Naryshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture_in_Portugal" title="Baroque architecture in Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Baroque" title="Siberian Baroque">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Baroque" title="Ukrainian Baroque">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_architecture" title="Industrial architecture">Industrial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_industrial_architecture" title="British industrial architecture">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Revival architecture">Byzantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Byzantine_architecture_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire">Russo-Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Byzantine_Revival_architecture" title="Serbo-Byzantine Revival architecture">Serbo-Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Colonial Revival architecture">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revival_architecture" title="Egyptian Revival architecture">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Revival_architecture" title="Mediterranean Revival architecture">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Revival_architecture" title="Mission Revival architecture">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumentalism" title="Monumentalism">Monumentalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_Revival_architecture" title="Baroque Revival architecture">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rococo_architecture" title="Rococo architecture">Rococo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Revival_architecture" title="Moorish Revival architecture">Moorish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Manueline" title="Neo-Manueline">Neo-Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Pueblo</a></li> <li>Queen Anne <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Queen_Anne_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="British Queen Anne Revival">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Queen_Anne_Revival_architecture" title="New World Queen Anne Revival architecture">America and Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture" title="Renaissance Revival architecture">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revival_architecture" title="Romanian Revival architecture">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revival_architecture" title="Russian Revival architecture">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Revival_architecture" title="Tudor Revival architecture">Tudor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jugendstil" title="Jugendstil">Jugendstil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_style" title="Liberty style">Liberty style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Style_(British_Art_Nouveau_style)" title="Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style)">Modern Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rationalism_(architecture)" title="Rationalism (architecture)">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Revival_architecture" title="Mycenaean Revival architecture">Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_School" title="Prairie School">Prairie School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_architecture" title="Expressionist architecture">Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Cubism" title="Czech Cubism">Cubism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivist_architecture" title="Constructivist architecture">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(architecture)" title="New Objectivity (architecture)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarian_architecture" title="Totalitarian architecture">Totalitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_architecture" title="Fascist architecture">Rationalist-Fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Style (architecture)">International style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurist_architecture" title="Futurist architecture">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_architecture" title="Organic architecture">Organicism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripped_Classicism" title="Stripped Classicism">Stripped Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postconstructivism" title="Postconstructivism">Postconstructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PWA_Moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="PWA Moderne">PWA Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googie_architecture" title="Googie architecture">Googie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">Brutalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structuralism_(architecture)" title="Structuralism (architecture)">Structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blobitecture" title="Blobitecture">Blobitecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-tech_architecture" title="High-tech architecture">High-tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcology" title="Arcology">Arcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_regionalism" title="Critical regionalism">Critical regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deconstructivism" title="Deconstructivism">Deconstructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Classical_architecture" title="New Classical architecture">New Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">Contemporary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_architecture" title="Chinese architecture">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_architecture" title="Colonial architecture">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_India" title="Architecture of India">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_architecture" title="Dravidian architecture">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Hindu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_architecture" title="Japanese architecture">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_architecture" title="Korean architecture">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_architecture" title="Mesoamerican architecture">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">Maya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newa_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Newa architecture">Newari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Architecture">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian architecture">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_architecture" title="Spanish architecture">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_architecture" title="Somali architecture">Somali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genres_of_modern_architecture336" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_architecture" title="Template:Modern architecture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modern_architecture" title="Template talk:Modern architecture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modern_architecture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modern architecture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genres_of_modern_architecture336" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Genres of <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modern architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alphabetically</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blobitecture" title="Blobitecture">Blobitecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">Brutalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowellism" title="Bowellism">Bowellism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivist_architecture" title="Constructivist architecture">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_regionalism" title="Critical regionalism">Critical regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstructivism" title="Deconstructivism">Deconstructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_architecture" title="Expressionist architecture">Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurist_architecture" title="Futurist architecture">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googie_architecture" title="Googie architecture">Googie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-tech_architecture" title="High-tech architecture">High-tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Style (architecture)">International style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolism_(architecture)" title="Metabolism (architecture)">Metabolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Century_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Century modern">Mid-Century modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumentalism" title="Monumentalism">Monumentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Futurism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Futurism">Neo-Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Classical_architecture" title="New Classical architecture">New Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Khmer_Architecture" title="New Khmer Architecture">New Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(architecture)" title="New Objectivity (architecture)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_architecture" title="Organic architecture">Organicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postconstructivism" title="Postconstructivism">Postconstructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PWA_Moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="PWA Moderne">PWA Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_School" title="Prairie School">Prairie School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_architecture" title="Fascist architecture">Rationalist-Fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondocubism" title="Rondocubism">Rondocubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripped_Classicism" title="Stripped Classicism">Stripped Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structuralism_(architecture)" title="Structuralism (architecture)">Structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_architecture" title="Sustainable architecture">Sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Modernism" title="Tropical Modernism">Tropical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">By start year /<br />decade</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1888–1911)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1890–1910)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_School" title="Prairie School">Prairie School</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1890s–1920s)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_architecture" title="Expressionist architecture">Expressionism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripped_Classicism" title="Stripped Classicism">Stripped Classicism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1917–1931)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1919–1933)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivist_architecture" title="Constructivist architecture">Constructivism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920–1932)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondocubism" title="Rondocubism">Rondocubism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1921–1929)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(architecture)" title="New Objectivity (architecture)">New Objectivity</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922–1933)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925–1950)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_architecture" title="Fascist architecture">Rationalist-Fascist</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920s–1930s)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Style (architecture)">International style</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920s–1970s)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurist_architecture" title="Futurist architecture">Futurism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_architecture" title="Organic architecture">Organicism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920s–)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art Deco</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910–1939)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postconstructivism" title="Postconstructivism">Postconstructivism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930s)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PWA_Moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="PWA Moderne">PWA Moderne</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1933–1944)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930s–1950s)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googie_architecture" title="Googie architecture">Googie</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930s–1970)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-century_modern" title="Mid-century modern">Mid-century modern</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1933–1969)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">Brutalism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1940s–late 1970s)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Modernism" title="Tropical Modernism">Tropical</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1958–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Khmer_Architecture" title="New Khmer Architecture">New Khmer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953–1970)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structuralism_(architecture)" title="Structuralism (architecture)">Structuralism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1959–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolism_(architecture)" title="Metabolism (architecture)">Metabolism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1959–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodernism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blobitecture" title="Blobitecture">Blobitecture</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-tech_architecture" title="High-tech architecture">High-tech</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_regionalism" title="Critical regionalism">Critical regionalism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1980s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstructivism" title="Deconstructivism">Deconstructivism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1980s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Classical_architecture" title="New Classical architecture">New Classical</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990s–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">Contemporary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2000s–)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_parthenon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/16px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/24px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/32px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Architecture" title="Portal:Architecture">Architecture portal</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Modernism" title="Category:Modernism">Related articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Architecture_of_the_United_States278" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Architecture in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Architecture in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Architecture in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Architecture_of_the_United_States278" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of the United States">Architecture of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native and indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mound" title="Mound">Mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Builders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_architecture" title="Pueblo architecture">Pueblo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_colonial_architecture" title="American colonial architecture">Colonial and post-colonial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creole_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Creole architecture in the United States">Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Period" title="First Period">First Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture#Colonial_Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Colonial Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Dutch Colonial Revival architecture">Dutch Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="French Colonial">French Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_colonial_architecture#German_Colonial" title="American colonial architecture">German Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Style" title="Territorial Style">Territorial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_architecture" title="Federal architecture">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_architecture" title="Jeffersonian architecture">Jeffersonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antebellum_architecture" title="Antebellum architecture">Antebellum</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mid-19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italianate_architecture" title="Italianate architecture">Italianate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richardsonian_Romanesque" title="Richardsonian Romanesque">Richardsonian Romanesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_architecture_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Second Empire architecture in the United States and Canada">Second Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance" title="American Renaissance">American Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Victorian" title="Folk Victorian">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stick_style" title="Stick style">Stick style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Queen Anne style architecture in the United States">Queen Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingle_style_architecture" title="Shingle style architecture">Shingle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late-19th to<br />mid-20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art Deco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Craftsman" title="American Craftsman">American Craftsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Foursquare" title="American Foursquare">American Foursquare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_bungalow" title="California bungalow">California bungalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_(architecture)" title="Chicago school (architecture)">Chicago School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Colonial Revival architecture">Colonial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Dutch Colonial Revival architecture">Dutch Colonial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian Revival architecture">Georgian Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googie_architecture" title="Googie architecture">Googie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Style (architecture)">International style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Mayan Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Revival_architecture" title="Mediterranean Revival architecture">Mediterranean Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Revival_architecture" title="Mission Revival architecture">Mission Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Pueblo Revival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Deco_architecture" title="Pueblo Deco architecture">Deco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_School" title="Prairie School">Prairie School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-war_architecture" title="Pre-war architecture">Pre-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PWA_Moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="PWA Moderne">PWA Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarasota_School_of_Architecture" title="Sarasota School of Architecture">Sarasota School of Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_rustic" title="National Park Service rustic">Rustic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Revival_architecture" title="Tudor Revival architecture">Tudor Revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post–World War II</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blobitecture" title="Blobitecture">Blobitecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">Brutalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstructivism" title="Deconstructivism">Deconstructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingbat_(building)" title="Dingbat (building)">Dingbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthship" title="Earthship">Earthship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-tech_architecture" title="High-tech architecture">High-tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-century_modern" title="Mid-century modern">Mid-century modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-eclectic_architecture" title="Neo-eclectic architecture">Neo-eclectic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Classical_architecture" title="New Classical architecture">New Classical architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch-style_house" title="Ranch-style house">Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_style" title="Shed style">Shed style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny-house_movement" title="Tiny-house movement">Tiny-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usonia" title="Usonia">Usonian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Building types and vernacular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Architecture" title="Adirondack Architecture">Adirondack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe" title="Adobe">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabara" title="Barabara">Barabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_(house)" title="Cape Cod (house)">Cape Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central-passage_house" title="Central-passage house">Central-passage house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickee" title="Chickee">Chickee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_crib" title="Corn crib">Corn crib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_church" title="Cowboy church">Cowboy church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_regionalism" title="Critical regionalism">Critical regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogtrot_house" title="Dogtrot house">Dogtrot house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_lodge" title="Earth lodge">Earth lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogan" title="Hogan">Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_and_parlor_house" title="Hall and parlor house">Hall and parlor house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-house" title="I-house">I-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo">Igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_cabin" title="Log cabin">Log cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouses_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_North_America" title="Longhouses of the Indigenous peoples of North America">Longhouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moki_steps" title="Moki steps">Moki steps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plank_house" title="Plank house">Plank house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">Platform mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qargi" title="Qargi">Qargi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramada_(shelter)" title="Ramada (shelter)">Ramada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltbox_house" title="Saltbox house">Saltbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_house" title="Shotgun house">Shotgun house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipapu" title="Sipapu">Sipapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">Skyscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sod_house" title="Sod house">Sod house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweat_lodge" title="Sweat lodge">Sweat lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temples_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">Tipi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_square" title="Town square">Town square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupiq" title="Tupiq">Tupiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam">Wigwam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Atlanta" title="Architecture of Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Boston" title="Architecture of Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Buffalo,_New_York" title="Architecture of Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Chicago" title="Architecture of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Columbus,_Ohio" title="Architecture of Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Architecture of metropolitan Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Houston" title="Architecture of Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Jacksonville" title="Architecture of Jacksonville">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Kansas_City" title="Architecture of Kansas City">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Las_Vegas" title="Architecture of Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Modern_architecture" title="Miami Modern architecture">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_and_architecture_of_New_Orleans" title="Buildings and architecture of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Architecture of New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Architecture in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Philadelphia" title="Architecture of Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Architecture of Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_San_Antonio" title="Architecture of San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_San_Francisco" title="Architecture of San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Seattle" title="Architecture of Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Spokane,_Washington" title="Architecture of Spokane, Washington">Spokane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_St._Louis" title="Architecture of St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Architecture of Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_California_missions" title="Architecture of the California missions">California</a></li> <li><a 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