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class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1880–1910</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1880–1910-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1930–1955" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1930–1955"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1930–1955</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1930–1955-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modern_manifestations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_manifestations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Modern manifestations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_manifestations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Neo-romanticism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromantik" title="Neuromantik – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Neuromantik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="رومانسية جديدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رومانسية جديدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Неарамантызм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Неарамантызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Неоромантизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Неоромантизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novoromantismus" title="Novoromantismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Novoromantismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyromantisme" title="Nyromantisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nyromantisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromantik" title="Neuromantik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neuromantik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uusromantism" title="Uusromantism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Uusromantism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neorromanticismo_(arte)" title="Neorromanticismo (arte) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neorromanticismo (arte)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="نئورمانتیک‌گرایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نئورمانتیک‌گرایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9oromantisme" title="Néoromantisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Néoromantisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EB%82%AD%EB%A7%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="신낭만주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신낭만주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%B8%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Նեոռոմանտիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեոռոմանտիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-romantisisme" title="Neo-romantisisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Neo-romantisisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AD%C3%B0r%C3%B3mant%C3%ADska_t%C3%ADmabili%C3%B0" title="Síðrómantíska tímabilið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Síðrómantíska tímabilið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoromanticismo" title="Neoromanticismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Neoromanticismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95-%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="נאו-רומנטיקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נאו-רומנטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Неоромантизм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Неоромантизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoromantizmas" title="Neoromantizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neoromantizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Romantisisme" title="Neo-Romantisisme – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Neo-Romantisisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoromantiek" title="Neoromantiek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neoromantiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="新ロマン主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="新ロマン主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyromantikken" title="Nyromantikken – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nyromantikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyromantikken" title="Nyromantikken – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nyromantikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neorromantismo" title="Neorromantismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Neorromantismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoromantism" title="Neoromantism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Neoromantism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Неоромантизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Неоромантизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoromanika" title="Neoromanika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Neoromanika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uusromantiikka" title="Uusromantiikka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uusromantiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyromantik" title="Nyromantik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nyromantik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Неоромантизм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Неоромантизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q397469#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Movements from the era of Romanticism</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/New_Romantic" title="New Romantic">New Romantic</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the term as applied to music, see <a href="/wiki/Neoromanticism_(music)" title="Neoromanticism (music)">Neoromanticism (music)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Neo-romanticism" title="Special:EditPage/Neo-romanticism">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this article. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Neo-romanticism%22">"Neo-romanticism"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Neo-romanticism%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Neo-romanticism%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Neo-romanticism%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Neo-romanticism%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Neo-romanticism%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pena-medio-cut.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Pena-medio-cut.JPG/300px-Pena-medio-cut.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Pena-medio-cut.JPG/450px-Pena-medio-cut.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Pena-medio-cut.JPG/600px-Pena-medio-cut.JPG 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Pena_Palace" title="Pena Palace">Pena Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sintra" title="Sintra">Sintra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> one of the points of reference for Neo-Romantic architecture</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <b>neo-romanticism</b> is used to cover a variety of movements in philosophy, literature, music, painting, and architecture, as well as <a href="/wiki/Social_movement" title="Social movement">social movements</a>, that exist after and incorporate elements from the era of <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a>. </p><p>It has been used with reference to late-19th-century composers such as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a> particularly by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Dahlhaus" title="Carl Dahlhaus">Carl Dahlhaus</a> who describes his music as "a late flowering of romanticism in a positivist age". He regards it as synonymous with "the age of Wagner", from about 1850 until 1890—the start of the era of <a href="/wiki/Musical_modernism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical modernism">modernism</a>, whose leading early representatives were <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a> (<a href="#CITEREFDahlhaus1979">Dahlhaus 1979</a>, 98–99, 102, 105). It has been applied to writers, painters, and composers who rejected, abandoned, or opposed <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">realism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalism (art)">naturalism</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">modernism</a> at various points in time from about 1840 down to the present. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Late_19th_century_and_early_20th_century">Late 19th century and early 20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Late 19th century and early 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neo-romanticism as well as Romanticism is considered in opposition to naturalism—indeed, so far as music is concerned, naturalism is regarded as alien and even hostile (<a href="#CITEREFDahlhaus1979">Dahlhaus 1979</a>, 100). In the period following German unification in 1871, naturalism rejected Romantic literature as a misleading, idealistic distortion of reality. Naturalism in turn came to be regarded as incapable of filling the "void" of modern existence. Critics such as <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Bahr" title="Hermann Bahr">Hermann Bahr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Mann" title="Heinrich Mann">Heinrich Mann</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Diederichs" title="Eugen Diederichs">Eugen Diederichs</a> came to oppose naturalism and <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">materialism</a> under the banner of "neo-romanticism", demanding a cultural reorientation responding to "the soul's longing for a meaning and content in life" that might replace the fragmentations of modern knowledge with a holistic world view (<a href="#CITEREFKohlenbach2009">Kohlenbach 2009</a>, 261). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Late_20th_century">Late 20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Late 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Neo-romanticism" was proposed as an alternative label for the group of German composers identified with the short-lived <i><a href="/wiki/New_Simplicity" title="New Simplicity">Neue Einfachheit</a></i> movement in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Along with other phrases such as "new tonality", this term has been criticised for lack of precision because of the diversity among these composers, whose leading member is <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Rihm" title="Wolfgang Rihm">Wolfgang Rihm</a> (<a href="#CITEREFHentschel2006">Hentschel 2006</a>, 111). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Britain">Britain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Neo-romanticism" title="Special:EditPage/Neo-romanticism">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1880–1910"><span id="1880.E2.80.931910"></span>1880–1910</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1880–1910"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Manley_Hopkins" title="Gerard Manley Hopkins">Gerard Manley Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesthetic movement">Aesthetic movement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts and Crafts Movement">Arts and Crafts Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism (arts)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._E._Housman" title="A. E. Housman">A. E. Housman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Gothic_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Gothic architecture">Neo-Gothic architecture</a></li> <li>Some modes of <a href="/wiki/Pictorialism" title="Pictorialism">pictorialism</a> in photography.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930–1955"><span id="1930.E2.80.931955"></span>1930–1955</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1930–1955"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In British art history, the term "neo-romanticism" is applied to a loosely affiliated school of landscape painting that emerged around 1930 and continued until the early 1950s. It was first labeled in March 1942 by the critic <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Mortimer" title="Raymond Mortimer">Raymond Mortimer</a> in the <i>New Statesman</i>. These painters looked back to 19th-century artists such as <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Palmer" title="Samuel Palmer">Samuel Palmer</a>, but were also influenced by French cubist and post-cubist artists such as <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Masson" title="André Masson">André Masson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Tchelitchew" title="Pavel Tchelitchew">Pavel Tchelitchew</a> (<a href="#CITEREFClark_and_Clarke2001">Clark and Clarke 2001</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFClark_and_Clarke2001 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>; <a href="#CITEREFHopkins2001">Hopkins 2001</a>). This movement was motivated in part as a response to the threat of invasion during World War II. Artists particularly associated with the initiation of this movement included <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nash_(artist)" title="Paul Nash (artist)">Paul Nash</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Piper_(artist)" title="John Piper (artist)">John Piper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Henry Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivon_Hitchens" title="Ivon Hitchens">Ivon Hitchens</a>, and especially <a href="/wiki/Graham_Sutherland" title="Graham Sutherland">Graham Sutherland</a>. A younger generation included <a href="/wiki/John_Minton_(artist)" title="John Minton (artist)">John Minton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ayrton" title="Michael Ayrton">Michael Ayrton</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Craxton" title="John Craxton">John Craxton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Vaughan" title="Keith Vaughan">Keith Vaughan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Colquhoun" title="Robert Colquhoun">Robert Colquhoun</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_MacBryde" title="Robert MacBryde">Robert MacBryde</a> (<a href="#CITEREFButton1996">Button 1996</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Kurland" title="Justine Kurland">Justine Kurland</a>'s photography<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mayne_Reid" title="Thomas Mayne Reid">Thomas Mayne Reid</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Tartt" title="Donna Tartt">Donna Tartt</a>, in particular her popular 1992 debut novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_History" title="The Secret History">The Secret History</a></i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Western_Europe">Western Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Western Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Aesthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesthetic">aesthetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a> has contributed greatly to neo-romantic thinking.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <dl><dt>Austria</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Anton Bruckner</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>France</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Rostand" title="Edmond Rostand">Edmond Rostand</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Germany</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandervogel" title="Wandervogel">Wandervogel</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Iceland</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sigurdur_Nordal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigurdur Nordal">Sigurdur Nordal</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Ireland</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="William Butler Yeats">W.B. Yeats</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Italy</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Sabatini" title="Rafael Sabatini">Rafael Sabatini</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Norway</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eastern_Europe">Eastern Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Eastern Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit">converting this section</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Belarusian</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uladzimir_Karatkevich" class="mw-redirect" title="Uladzimir Karatkevich">Uladzimir Karatkevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanka_Kupala" title="Yanka Kupala">Yanka Kupala</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Estonian</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Semper" title="Johannes Semper">Johannes Semper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Under" title="Marie Under">Marie Under</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Georgian</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazbegi" title="Alexander Kazbegi">Alexander Kazbegi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Greece</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_Elytis" class="mw-redirect" title="Odysseus Elytis">Odysseus Elytis</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Hungarian</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3r_J%C3%B3kai" title="Mór Jókai">Mór Jókai</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Polish</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Poland" title="Young Poland">Young Poland</a> Movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Lange" title="Antoni Lange">Antoni Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Przybyszewski" title="Stanisław Przybyszewski">Stanisław Przybyszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Mici%C5%84ski" title="Tadeusz Miciński">Tadeusz Miciński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski" title="Karol Szymanowski">Karol Szymanowski</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Russian</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Berman" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Berman">Eugene Berman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a> (early works) (<a href="#CITEREFKahnLipovetskyReyfmanSandler2018">Kahn et al. 2018</a>, 599–605)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Grin" title="Alexander Grin">Alexander Grin</a> (<a href="#CITEREFKahnLipovetskyReyfmanSandler2018">Kahn et al. 2018</a>, 599–605)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a>, in particular his 1932 novel <a href="/wiki/Glory_(Nabokov_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glory (Nabokov novel)"><i>Glory</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Paustovsky" title="Konstantin Paustovsky">Konstantin Paustovsky</a> (<a href="#CITEREFKahnLipovetskyReyfmanSandler2018">Kahn et al. 2018</a>, 599–605)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Sergei Rachmaninoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Tchelitchew" title="Pavel Tchelitchew">Pavel Tchelitchew</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Slovenian</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragotin_Kette" title="Dragotin Kette">Dragotin Kette</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arab_world">Arab world</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Arab world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Arabic_literature" title="Modern Arabic literature">Modern Arabic literature</a>, neo-romanticism began in the early 20th century and floureshed during the 1930s–1940s, that sought inspiration from French or English romantic poetry. Most famous its part is the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahjar" title="Mahjar">Mahjar</a></i> ("<i>émigré</i>" school) that includes <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>-language poets in the Americas <a href="/wiki/Ameen_Rihani" title="Ameen Rihani">Ameen Rihani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kahlil_Gibran" title="Kahlil Gibran">Kahlil Gibran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasib_Arida" title="Nasib Arida">Nasib Arida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Naimy" title="Mikhail Naimy">Mikhail Naimy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elia_Abu_Madi" title="Elia Abu Madi">Elia Abu Madi</a>, Fawsi Maluf, Farhat, and al-Qarawi. The neo-romantic current also involved poets in every Arabian country: <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Rahman_Shokry" title="Abdel Rahman Shokry">Abdel Rahman Shokry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbas_Mahmoud_al-Aqqad" title="Abbas Mahmoud al-Aqqad">Abbas Mahmoud al-Aqqad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Mazini" title="Ibrahim al-Mazini">Ibrahim al-Mazini</a> in Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Omar_Abu_Risha" title="Omar Abu Risha">Omar Abu Risha</a> in Syria, <a href="/wiki/Elias_Abu_Shabaki" title="Elias Abu Shabaki">Elias Abu Shabaki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salah_Labaki" title="Salah Labaki">Salah Labaki</a> in Lebanon, <a href="/wiki/Aboul-Qacem_Echebbi" title="Aboul-Qacem Echebbi">Abu al-Qasim al-Shabbi</a> in Tunisia, and <a href="/wiki/Al-Tijani_Yusuf_Bashir" title="Al-Tijani Yusuf Bashir">Al-Tijani Yusuf Bashir</a> in Sudan.(<a href="#CITEREFJayyusi1977">Jayyusi 1977</a>, 361–474) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="India">India</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Indian literature</a> neo-romanticism was represented by the <a href="/wiki/Chhayavaad" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhayavaad">Chhayavaad</a> movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japan">Japan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in the mid-1930s and continuing through World War II, a Japanese neo-romantic literary movement was led by the writer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasuda_Yoj%C5%ABr%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yasuda Yojūrō (page does not exist)">Yasuda Yojūrō</a> (<a href="#CITEREFTorrance2010">Torrance 2010</a>, 66). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Romantic" title="New Romantic">New Romantic</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandervogel" title="Wandervogel">Wandervogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Baden-Powell" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Baden-Powell">Robert Baden-Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamodernism" title="Metamodernism">Metamodernism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_manifestations">Modern manifestations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Modern manifestations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Fantasy art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goth_subculture" title="Goth subculture">Goth subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(art)" title="Regionalism (art)">Regionalism (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopagan">Neopagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">Neofolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoromanticism_(music)" title="Neoromanticism (music)">Neoromanticism (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotribalism" title="Neotribalism">Neotribalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Romantic" title="New Romantic">New Romantic</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFButton1996">Button, Virginia. 1996. "Neo-Romanticism". <i>Dictionary of Art</i>, 34 volumes, edited by Jane Turner. New York: Grove's Dictionaries. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781884446009" title="Special:BookSources/9781884446009">9781884446009</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFClarke_and_Clarke2001">Clarke, Michael, and Deborah Clarke. 2001. "Neo-Romanticism". <i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms</i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFDahlhaus1979">Dahlhaus, Carl. 1979. "Neo-Romanticism". <i>19th-Century Music</i> 3, no. 2 (November): 97–105.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFHentschel2006">Hentschel, Frank. 2006. "Wie neu war die 'Neue Einfachheit'?" <i>Acta Musicologica</i> 78, no. 1:111–31.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFHopkins2001">Hopkins, Justine. 2001. "Neo-Romanticism". <i>The Oxford Companion to Western Art</i>, edited by Hugh Brigstocke. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866203-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866203-7">978-0-19-866203-7</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFJayyusi1977"><a href="/wiki/Salma_Jayyusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Salma Jayyusi">Jayyusi, Salma Khadra</a> (1977). "The Romantic Current in Modern Arabic Poetry." In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8pI3AAAAIAAJ"><i>Trends and Movements in Modern Arabic Poetry</i></a>. Vol. 2. pp. 361–474. Leiden: E. J. Brill. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-04920-7" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-04920-7">90-04-04920-7</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFKahnLipovetskyReyfmanSandler2018">Kahn, Andrew; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lipovetsky" title="Mark Lipovetsky">Lipovetsky, Mark</a>; Reyfman, Irina; Sandler, Stephanie (2018). "Neo-Romanticism." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7qZTDwAAQBAJ"><i>A History of Russian Literature</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 599–605. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199663941" title="Special:BookSources/9780199663941">9780199663941</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFKohlenbach2009">Kohlenbach, Margarete. 2009. "Transformations of German Romanticism 1830–2000". In <i>The Cambridge Companion to German Romanticism</i>, edited by Nicholas Saul, 257–80. Cambridge Companions to Literature. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521848916" title="Special:BookSources/9780521848916">9780521848916</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFTorrance2010">Torrance, Richard. 2010. "The People's Library: The Spirit of Prose Literature Versus Fascism". In <i>The Culture of Japanese Fascism</i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Tansman" title="Alan Tansman">Alan Tansman</a>, 56–79. Asia-Pacific: Culture, Politics, and Society. Duke University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780822390701" title="Special:BookSources/9780822390701">9780822390701</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-romanticism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>British:</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFAckroyd2002">Ackroyd, Peter. 2002. <i>The Origins of the English Imagination</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFArnold2003">Arnold, Graham. 2003. <i>The Ruralists: A Celebration</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMichael1997">Michael Bracewell. 1997. <i>England Is Mine</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFCannon-Brookes1983">Cannon-Brookes, P. 1983. <i>The British Neo-Romantics</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFCorbett_and_Russell2002">Corbett, Holt, and Russell (eds.). 2002. <i>The Geographies of Englishness: Landscape and the National Past, 1880-1940</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMartin1992">Martin, Christopher. 1992. <i>The Ruralists (An Art & Design Profile, No. 23)</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMartin2008">Martin, Simon. 2008. <i>Poets in the Landscape: The Romantic Spirit in British Art</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFJohnsona_nd_Landow1980">Johnson and Landow (Eds).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> 1980. <i>Fantastic Illustration and Design in Great Britain, 1850–1930</i>. Cambridge: The MIT Press.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMellor1987">Mellor, David. 1987. <i>Paradise Lost: The Neo-Romantic Imagination in Britain, 1935–1955</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFPicot1997">Picot, Edward. 1997. <i>Outcasts from <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Eden</a>: Ideas of Landscape in British Poetry Since 1945</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSillars1991">Sillars, S. 1991. <i>British Romantic Art and The Second World War</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFTrentmann1994">Trentmann, F. 1994. <i>Civilisation and its Discontents: English Neo-Romanticism and the Transformation of Anti-<a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> in Twentieth-Century Western Culture</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Birkbeck,_University_of_London" title="Birkbeck, University of London">Birkbeck College</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFWoodcock2000">Woodcock, Peter. 2000. <i>This Enchanted Isle: The Neo-Romantic Vision from William Blake to the New Visionaries</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFYorke1988">Yorke, Malcolm. 1988. <i>The Spirit of the Place: Nine Neo-Romantic Artists and Their Times</i>. London: Constable & Company Limited. Paperback reprint, London and New York: Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-604-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-86064-604-2">1-86064-604-2</a>.</cite></li></ul> <p><b>Indian</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBrajendranath1903">Brajendranath Seal. 1903. "The Neo-Romantic Movement in Literature". In <i>New Essays in Criticism</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. 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