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<span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Medieval uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medieval_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medieval uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medieval_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-medieval_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-medieval_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Post-medieval uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-medieval_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-medieval uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-medieval_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elsewhere_in_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elsewhere_in_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Elsewhere in Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elsewhere_in_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royalty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royalty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Royalty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royalty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Modern times</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_times-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern times subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Other examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="اسم أحادي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اسم أحادي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="এক শব্দের নাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এক শব্দের নাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan-mi%C3%A2" title="Tan-miâ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tan-miâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%C3%B3nimo" title="Monónimo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Monónimo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona_mon%C3%B2nima" title="Persona monònima – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Persona monònima" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mononym" title="Mononym – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mononym" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monon%C3%BC%C3%BCm" title="Mononüüm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mononüüm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona_mon%C3%B3nima" title="Persona monónima – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Persona monónima" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mononimo" title="Mononimo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mononimo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5_%D8%AA%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="شخص تک‌نام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شخص تک‌نام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mononyme" title="Mononyme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mononyme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mononim" title="Mononim – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mononim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Мононим – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мононим" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mononim" title="Mononim – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mononim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mononym" title="Mononym – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mononym" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pessoa_mon%C3%B4nima" title="Pessoa monônima – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pessoa monônima" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Мононим – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мононим" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mononimi" title="Mononimi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mononimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mononymous_person" title="Mononymous person – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mononymous person" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mononym" title="Mononym – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mononym" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Мононім – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мононім" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%A7%93%E6%B0%8F" title="無姓氏 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="無姓氏" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2985549#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mononym" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Mononym" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Individual who is known and addressed by a single name</div> <p>A <b>mononym</b> is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a <b>mononymous person</b>. </p><p>A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in <a href="/wiki/Afghan_name" title="Afghan name">Afghanistan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_names" title="Indonesian names">Indonesia</a> (especially by the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_name" title="Javanese name">Javanese</a>), <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_name" title="Mongolian name">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Tibet</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>. </p><p>In other cases, a person may select a single name from their <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polynym" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:polynym">polynym</a> or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, <a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">pen name</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">stage name</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">regnal name</a>. A popular <a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">nickname</a> may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>mononym</i> comes from English <i>mono-</i> ("one", "single") and <i><a href="/wiki/-onym" title="-onym">-onym</a></i> ("name", "word"), ultimately from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i>mónos</i> (μόνος, "single"), and <i>ónoma</i> (ὄνομα, "name").<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Narmer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/King_Narmer.jpg/170px-King_Narmer.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/King_Narmer.jpg/255px-King_Narmer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/King_Narmer.jpg/340px-King_Narmer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1555" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The structure of persons' names has varied across time and geography. In some societies, individuals have been mononymous, receiving only a single name. <a href="/wiki/Alulim" title="Alulim">Alulim</a>, first king of <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a>, is one of the earliest names known; <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian</a> <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a>, is another. In addition, Biblical names like <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, were typically mononymous, as were names in the surrounding cultures of the <a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_Platon_Glyptothek_Munich_548.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Head_Platon_Glyptothek_Munich_548.jpg/170px-Head_Platon_Glyptothek_Munich_548.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Head_Platon_Glyptothek_Munich_548.jpg/255px-Head_Platon_Glyptothek_Munich_548.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Head_Platon_Glyptothek_Munich_548.jpg/340px-Head_Platon_Glyptothek_Munich_548.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1619" data-file-height="2251" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, Greek philosopher</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greek</a> names like <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, also follow the pattern, with <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">epithets</a> (similar to second names) only used subsequently by historians to distinguish between individuals with the same name, as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Zeno_the_Stoic" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeno the Stoic">Zeno the Stoic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Elea" title="Zeno of Elea">Zeno of Elea</a>; likewise, <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymics</a> or other biographic details (such as <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">city</a> of origin, or another place name or occupation the individual was associated with) were used to specify whom one was talking about, but these details were not considered part of the name.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A departure from this custom occurred, for example, among the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>, who by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republican</a> period and throughout the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Imperial</a> period <a href="/wiki/Tria_nomina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tria nomina">used multiple names</a>: a male citizen's name comprised three parts (this was mostly typical of the upper class, while others would usually have only two names): <i><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">praenomen</a></i> (given name), <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">nomen</a></i> (clan name) and <i><a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">cognomen</a></i> (family line within the clan) – the <i>nomen</i> and <i>cognomen</i> were almost always hereditary.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mononyms in other ancient cultures include <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> queen <a href="/wiki/Boudica" title="Boudica">Boudica</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Numidia" title="Numidia">Numidian</a> king <a href="/wiki/Jugurtha" title="Jugurtha">Jugurtha</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medieval_uses">Medieval uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medieval uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">early Middle Ages</a>, mononymity slowly declined, with northern and eastern Europe keeping the tradition longer than the south. The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Renaissance">Dutch Renaissance</a> scholar and theologian <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a> is a late example of mononymity; though sometimes referred to as "Desiderius Erasmus" or "Erasmus of Rotterdam", he was christened only as "Erasmus", after the <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a> <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_of_Formiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasmus of Formiae">Erasmus of Formiae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Composers in the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Ars_nova" title="Ars nova">ars nova</a></i></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Ars_subtilior" title="Ars subtilior">ars subtilior</a></i></span> styles of late <a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">medieval music</a> were often known mononymously—potentially because their names were <a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">sobriquets</a>—such as <a href="/wiki/Borlet" title="Borlet">Borlet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egardus" title="Egardus">Egardus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egidius_(Chantilly_Codex_composer)" title="Egidius (Chantilly Codex composer)">Egidius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grimace_(composer)" title="Grimace (composer)">Grimace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solage" title="Solage">Solage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trebor_(composer)" title="Trebor (composer)">Trebor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Americas">The Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pocahontas_by_Simon_van_de_Passe_1616.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pocahontas_by_Simon_van_de_Passe_1616.jpg/170px-Pocahontas_by_Simon_van_de_Passe_1616.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pocahontas_by_Simon_van_de_Passe_1616.jpg/255px-Pocahontas_by_Simon_van_de_Passe_1616.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pocahontas_by_Simon_van_de_Passe_1616.jpg/340px-Pocahontas_by_Simon_van_de_Passe_1616.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1085" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Naming practices of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous peoples of the Americas</a> are highly variable, with one individual often bearing more than one name over a lifetime. In European and American histories, prominent Native Americans are usually mononymous, using a name that was frequently garbled and simplified in translation. For example, the Aztec emperor whose name was preserved in <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> documents as <i>Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin</i> was called "Montezuma" in subsequent histories. In current histories he is often named <a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_II" title="Moctezuma II">Moctezuma II</a>, using the European custom of assigning <a href="/wiki/Regnal_numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Regnal numbers">regnal numbers</a> to hereditary heads of state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-medieval_uses">Post-medieval uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-medieval uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_(1622-1673)_-_Google_Art_Project_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_%281622-1673%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_%281622-1673%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_%281622-1673%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_%281622-1673%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_%281622-1673%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_%281622-1673%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3716" data-file-height="4214" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Some French authors have shown a preference for mononyms. In the 17th century, the dramatist and actor Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (1622–73) took the mononym stage name Molière.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 18th century, François-Marie Arouet (1694–1778) adopted the mononym <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, for both literary and personal use, in 1718 after his imprisonment in Paris' <a href="/wiki/Bastille" title="Bastille">Bastille</a>, to mark a break with his past. The new name combined several features. It was an <a href="/wiki/Anagram" title="Anagram">anagram</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latinized</a> version (where "u" become "v", and "j" becomes "i") of his family <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a>, "Arouet, l[e] j[eune]" ("Arouet, the young"); it reversed the syllables of the name of the town his father came from, Airvault; and it has implications of speed and daring through similarity to French expressions such as <i>voltige</i>, <i>volte-face</i> and <i>volatile</i>. "Arouet" would not have served the purpose, given that name's associations with "<a href="/wiki/Breaking_wheel#Metaphorical_uses" title="Breaking wheel">roué</a>" and with an expression that meant "for thrashing".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 19th-century French author <a href="/wiki/Marie-Henri_Beyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Henri Beyle">Marie-Henri Beyle</a> (1783–1842) used many <a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">pen names</a>, most famously the mononym Stendhal, adapted from the name of the little <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Stendal" title="Stendal">Stendal</a>, birthplace of the German art historian <a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann" title="Johann Joachim Winckelmann">Johann Joachim Winckelmann</a>, whom Stendhal admired.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nadar_(photographer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadar (photographer)">Nadar</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, 1820–1910) was an early French photographer. </p><p>In the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Sidonie-Gabrielle_Colette" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette">Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette</a> (1873–1954, author of <i><a href="/wiki/Gigi_(novella)" title="Gigi (novella)">Gigi</a></i>, 1945), used her actual surname as her mononym pen name, Colette.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elsewhere_in_Europe">Elsewhere in Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Elsewhere in Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 17th and 18th centuries, most Italian castrato singers used mononyms as stage names (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Caffarelli_(castrato)" title="Caffarelli (castrato)">Caffarelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farinelli" title="Farinelli">Farinelli</a>). The German writer, mining engineer, and philosopher Georg Friedrich Philipp Freiherr von Hardenberg (1772–1801) became famous as <a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 18th-century Italian painter <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bellotto" title="Bernardo Bellotto">Bernardo Bellotto</a>, who is now ranked as an important and original painter in his own right, traded on the mononymous pseudonym of his uncle and teacher, Antonio Canal (<a href="/wiki/Canaletto" title="Canaletto">Canaletto</a>), in those countries—Poland and Germany—where his famous uncle was not active, calling himself likewise "Canaletto". Bellotto remains commonly known as "Canaletto" in those countries to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 19th-century Dutch writer Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820–87), better known by his mononymous pen name <a href="/wiki/Multatuli" title="Multatuli">Multatuli</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>multa tuli</i>, "I have suffered [or <i>borne</i>] many things"), became famous for the satirical novel, <i>Max Havelaar</i> (1860), in which he denounced the abuses of <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>). </p><p>The 20th-century British author <a href="/wiki/Hector_Hugh_Munro" class="mw-redirect" title="Hector Hugh Munro">Hector Hugh Munro</a> (1870–1916) became known by his <a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">pen name</a>, Saki. In 20th-century Poland, the <a href="/wiki/Theater_of_the_absurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater of the absurd">theater-of-the-absurd</a> <a href="/wiki/Playwright" title="Playwright">playwright</a>, novelist, <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painter</a>, photographer, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_philosophy_in_Poland#20th_century" title="History of philosophy in Poland">philosopher</a> <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ignacy_Witkiewicz" title="Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz">Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz</a> (1885–1939) after 1925 often used the mononymous pseudonym Witkacy, a <a href="/wiki/Conflation#Language" title="Conflation">conflation</a> of his surname (<i>Witkiewicz</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle name</a> (<i>Ignacy</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Royalty">Royalty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Royalty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Naruhito_at_TICAD7_(cropped)_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Emperor_Naruhito_at_TICAD7_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg/170px-Emperor_Naruhito_at_TICAD7_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Emperor_Naruhito_at_TICAD7_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg/255px-Emperor_Naruhito_at_TICAD7_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Emperor_Naruhito_at_TICAD7_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg/340px-Emperor_Naruhito_at_TICAD7_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="1086" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a>, emperor of Japan</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarchs</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">royalty</a>, for example <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, have traditionally availed themselves of the <a href="/wiki/Privilege_(legal_ethics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Privilege (legal ethics)">privilege</a> of using a mononym, modified when necessary by an <a href="/wiki/Regnal_number" title="Regnal number">ordinal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">epithet</a> (e.g., Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> or <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles the Great">Charles the Great</a>). This is not always the case: King <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a> of Sweden has two names. While many European royals have formally sported <a href="/wiki/Personal_names#Feudal_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal names">long chains</a> of names, in practice they have tended to use only one or two and not to use <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surnames</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Japan, the emperor and his family have no surname, only a given name, such as <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a>, which in practice in Japanese is rarely used: out of respect and as a measure of politeness, Japanese prefer to say "the Emperor" or "the Crown Prince".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">popes</a> have traditionally adopted a single, <a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">regnal name</a> upon their <a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of papal elections">election</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I" title="Pope John Paul I">John Paul I</a> broke with this tradition – adopting a double name honoring his two predecessors<sup id="cite_ref-papaluciani.com_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papaluciani.com-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – and his successor <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a> followed suit, but <a href="/wiki/Benedict_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XVI">Benedict XVI</a> reverted to the use of a single name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_times">Modern times</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modern times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Surnames were introduced in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> only after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, by the country's first president, <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>, as part of his Westernization and modernization programs.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">North American Indigenous</a> people continue their nations' traditional naming practices, which may include the use of single names. In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, where government policy often included the imposition of Western-style names, one of the recommendations of the <a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_of_Canada" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada">Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada</a> was for all provinces and territories to waive fees to allow Indigenous people to legally assume traditional names, including mononyms.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, for example, it is now legally possible to change to a single name or register one at birth, for members of Indigenous nations which have a tradition of single names.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rekha_in_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Rekha_in_2019.jpg/170px-Rekha_in_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Rekha_in_2019.jpg/255px-Rekha_in_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Rekha_in_2019.jpg/340px-Rekha_in_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1696" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rekha" title="Rekha">Rekha</a>, Indian actress</figcaption></figure> <p>In modern times, in countries that have long been part of the <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian cultural sphere</a> (Japan, the Koreas, Vietnam, and China), mononyms are rare. An exception pertains to the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a>. </p><p>Mononyms are common in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, especially in <a href="/wiki/Javanese_name" title="Javanese name">Javanese names</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Single names still also occur in <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghans</a> also have no surname.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, most people use either only one name or a combination of two personal names typically given by a Buddhist monk. There are no inherited family names; instead, Bhutanese differentiate themselves with nicknames or prefixes.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> world, the Syrian poet Ali Ahmad Said Esber (born 1930) at age 17 adopted the mononym pseudonym, <a href="/wiki/Adunis" class="mw-redirect" title="Adunis">Adunis</a>, sometimes also spelled "Adonis". A perennial contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature, he has been described as the greatest living poet of the Arab world.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_examples">Other examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the West, mononymity, as well as its use by royals in conjunction with titles, has been primarily used or given to famous people such as prominent writers, <a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Entertainer" class="mw-redirect" title="Entertainer">entertainers</a>, musicians and <a href="/wiki/Athlete" title="Athlete">athletes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Comedian" title="Comedian">comedian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illusionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Illusionist">illusionist</a> <a href="/wiki/Teller_(magician)" title="Teller (magician)">Teller</a>, the silent half of the duo <a href="/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller" title="Penn & Teller">Penn & Teller</a>, legally changed his original polynym, Raymond Joseph Teller, to the mononym "Teller" and possesses a <a href="/wiki/United_States_passport" title="United States passport">United States passport</a> issued in that single name.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While some have chosen their own mononym, others have mononyms chosen for them by the public. <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a>, American talk show host, is usually referred to by only her first name, Oprah. <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, American singer, is usually referred to by only his first name, Elvis. </p><p>Western computer systems do not always support monynyms, most still requiring a given name and a surname. Some companies get around this by entering the mononym as both the given name and the surname. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legally_mononymous_people" title="List of legally mononymous people">List of legally mononymous people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_one-word_stage_names" title="List of one-word stage names">List of one-word stage names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudonyms" title="List of pseudonyms">List of pseudonyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymwars" title="Nymwars">Nymwars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">Noun</a>: "mononym"; <a href="/wiki/Adverb" title="Adverb">adverb</a>: "mononymously"; <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a>: "mononymize"; <a href="/wiki/Abstract_noun" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract noun">abstract noun</a>: "mononymity".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Mononym" is defined in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_English_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oxford English Dictionary">The Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (2nd edition, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1989, volume IX, p. 1023) as "A term consisting of one word only […] Hence <i>mononymic</i> […] a[djective], consisting of a mononym or mononyms; <i>mononymy</i> […], a mononymic system; <i>mononymize</i> v[erb], to convert into a mononym; whence <i>mononymization</i>." The term is attested in the English language as early as 1872.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The names of a few European kings <i>have</i> included surname — for example, those of most of Poland's <a href="/wiki/Monarchs_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchs of Poland">elected kings</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Batory" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Batory">Stefan <i>Batory</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A <a href="/wiki/Paris_Hilton" title="Paris Hilton">Paris Hilton</a> <a href="/wiki/Lookalike" class="mw-redirect" title="Lookalike">lookalike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chantelle_Houghton" title="Chantelle Houghton">Chantelle Houghton</a>, nicknamed "<a href="/wiki/Paris_Travelodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Travelodge">Paris Travelodge</a>", became famous "for not being famous" after winning an extraordinary <i><a href="/wiki/Celebrity_Big_Brother_(UK_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Celebrity Big Brother (UK TV series)">Celebrity Big Brother</a></i>. Lucy Rock writes: "It is a select band. Madonna, <a href="/wiki/Diego_Maradona" title="Diego Maradona">Maradona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pel%C3%A9" title="Pelé">Pelé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thal%C3%ADa" title="Thalía">Thalía</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a>...even, possibly, <a href="/wiki/Katie_Price" title="Katie Price">Jordan</a>. People who wear their fame with such confidence that they have dispensed with the... concerns of having more than one name. They are the <b>mononym brigade</b>. Now there is one more.... Chantelle is... the apotheosis of that celebrity narrative that first gave us people who were famous for being good at something. Then came the people who were famous for simply... being famous. Now there is Chantelle, who is famous for not being famous at all."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2014" class="citation news cs1">Goldstein, Joseph (2014-12-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/11/world/asia/for-afghans-name-and-birthdate-census-questions-are-not-so-simple.html">"For Afghans, Name and Birthdate Census Questions Are Not So Simple"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=For+Afghans%2C+Name+and+Birthdate+Census+Questions+Are+Not+So+Simple&rft.date=2014-12-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F12%2F11%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Ffor-afghans-name-and-birthdate-census-questions-are-not-so-simple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMononym" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacArtney2008" class="citation news cs1">MacArtney, Jane (August 26, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20100418232856/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article4607454.ece">"Tibets most famous woman blogger Woeser detained by police"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article4607454.ece">the original</a> on April 18, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Tibets+most+famous+woman+blogger+Woeser+detained+by+police&rft.date=2008-08-26&rft.aulast=MacArtney&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Farticle4607454.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMononym" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wordsmith.org/awad/archives/0503">"mononym"</a>. A Word a Day. 2003-05-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=mononym&rft.pub=A+Word+a+Day&rft.date=2003-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwordsmith.org%2Fawad%2Farchives%2F0503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMononym" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">William Smith</a>, <i>Dictionary of the Bible</i>, p. 2060.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">William Smith</a>, <i>Dictionary of the Bible</i>, p. 2060.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">William Smith</a>, <i>Dictionary of the Bible</i>, p. 2060.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Koen Goudriaan, "New Evidence on Erasmus' Youth", <i>Erasmus Studies</i>, vol. 39, no. 2 (6 September 2019), pp. 184–216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeach2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Eva_Leach" title="Elizabeth Eva Leach">Leach, Elizabeth Eva</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/grimace-magister-grimache-grymace(52ba3e10-6390-492d-9533-c57aea00ebe6).html">"Grimace, Magister Grimache, Grymace"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Finscher" title="Ludwig Finscher">Finscher, Ludwig</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Musik_in_Geschichte_und_Gegenwart" title="Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart">Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart</a></i>. Vol. 8. Kassel, Germany: <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renreiter" title="Bärenreiter">Bärenreiter</a>. pp. 40–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-476-41020-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-476-41020-7"><bdi>978-3-476-41020-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grimace%2C+Magister+Grimache%2C+Grymace&rft.btitle=Die+Musik+in+Geschichte+und+Gegenwart&rft.place=Kassel%2C+Germany&rft.pages=40-42&rft.pub=B%C3%A4renreiter&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-3-476-41020-7&rft.aulast=Leach&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+Eva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.royalholloway.ac.uk%2Fportal%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fgrimace-magister-grimache-grymace%2852ba3e10-6390-492d-9533-c57aea00ebe6%29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMononym" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Valency" title="Maurice Valency">Maurice Valency</a>, "Moliere", <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>, vol. 19, pp. 329–330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holmes_(biographer)" title="Richard Holmes (biographer)">Richard Holmes</a>, <i>Sidetracks</i>, pp. 345–66; and "Voltaire's Grin", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i>, November 30, 1955, pp. 49–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F.W.J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2012</span>. <q>each autumn is credibly tipped for the Nobel in literature</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Adonis%3A+a+life+in+writing&rft.date=2012-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture%2F2012%2Fjan%2F27%2Fadonis-syrian-poet-life-in-writing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMononym" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lucy Rock, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jan/29/broadcasting.bigbrother">"From Nobody Much to Someone Special"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>, January 29, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdella_Cava,_Marco_R.2007" class="citation web cs1">della Cava, Marco R. (2007-11-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/home/2007-11-15-teller-at-home_N.htm">"At home: Teller's magical Vegas retreat speaks volumes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=At+home%3A+Teller%27s+magical+Vegas+retreat+speaks+volumes&rft.date=2007-11-16&rft.au=della+Cava%2C+Marco+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Flife%2Flifestyle%2Fhome%2F2007-11-15-teller-at-home_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMononym" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tmz.com/2012/04/12/penn-and-teller-gerard-bakardy-rose-shadows-trick/">"Penn & Teller: Rogue Magician Is EXPOSING Our Secrets!!!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TMZ.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TMZ.com">TMZ.com</a>. 2012-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penn+%26+Teller%3A+Rogue+Magician+Is+EXPOSING+Our+Secrets%21%21%21&rft.pub=TMZ.com&rft.date=2012-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tmz.com%2F2012%2F04%2F12%2Fpenn-and-teller-gerard-bakardy-rose-shadows-trick%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMononym" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Hugh Chisholm</a>, "Dekker, Edward Douwes", <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, 11th edition, vol. 7, Cambridge University Press, 1911.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>, Danville, CT, Grolier, 1986 ed., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7172-0117-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7172-0117-1">0-7172-0117-1</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Polski" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyklopedia Polski">Encyklopedia Polski</a></i> (Encyclopedia of Poland), <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, Wydawnictwo Ryszard Kluszczyński, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-86328-60-6" title="Special:BookSources/83-86328-60-6">83-86328-60-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holmes_(biographer)" title="Richard Holmes (biographer)">Richard Holmes</a>, "Voltaire's Grin", <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Review_of_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Review of Books">New York Review of Books</a></i>, November 30, 1995, pp. 49–55.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holmes_(biographer)" title="Richard Holmes (biographer)">Richard Holmes</a>, <i>Sidetracks: Explorations of a Romantic Biographer</i>, New York, <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>, 2000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Jenner" title="Greg Jenner">Greg Jenner</a>, <i>Dead Famous: An Unexpected History of Celebrity from Bronze Age to Silver Screen</i>, Orion, 2020, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-86981-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-86981-8">978-0-297-86981-8</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">William Smith (lexicographer)</a>, <i>Dictionary of the Bible: Comprising Its Antiquities...</i>, 1860–65.</li> <li>Peter Wetzler, <i>Hirohito and War: Imperial Tradition and Military Decision-Making in Prewar Japan</i>, University of Hawaii Press, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-1166-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8248-1166-6">0-8248-1166-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mononym&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Funt" title="Peter Funt">Peter Funt</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/21/opinion/21funt.html?_r=1&hp">The Mononym Platform</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, February 21, 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080202163956/http://www.pennandteller.com/sincity/penn-n-teller/faq.html">Penn & Teller FAQ (Internet Archive)</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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title="Given name">Given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Surname</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Matriname" title="Matriname">Matrilineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_family_name_affixes" title="List of family name affixes">Affixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobiliary_particle" title="Nobiliary particle">Nobiliary particle</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_name" class="mw-redirect" title="First name">First name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">Middle name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Last name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By trait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">Diminutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-barrelled_name" title="Double-barrelled name">Double-barrelled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">Epithet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_epithet" title="Animal epithet">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_epithet" title="Lists of people by epithet">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_epithet" title="Plant epithet">Plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">Matronymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononymous_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononymous person">Mononymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational name">Occupational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">Patronymic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Patronymic_surname" title="Patronymic surname">Surname</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">Sobriquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknonymy" title="Teknonymy">Teknonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">Toponymic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toponymic_surname" title="Toponymic surname">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrial_name" title="Patrial name">Patrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_name" title="Unisex name">Unisex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_name" title="Virtue name">Virtue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By life situation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aptronym" title="Aptronym">Aptronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">Code name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necronym" title="Necronym">Necronym</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">Placeholder name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notname" title="Notname">Notname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">Slave name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">Pseudonyms</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudonyms" title="List of pseudonyms">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bug%C5%8D" title="Bugō">Bugō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nicknames" title="Lists of nicknames">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">Hypocorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_by_nickname" title="List of monarchs by nickname">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">Nom de guerre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">Pen name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heteronym_(literature)" title="Heteronym (literature)">Heteronym</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_name" title="Ring name">Ring name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shikona" title="Shikona">Shikona</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">Stage name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stage_names" title="List of stage names">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_one-word_stage_names" title="List of one-word stage names">Mononyms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Username" class="mw-redirect" title="Username">Username</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture<br /><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_name" title="Amami name">Amami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">Generation</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_titles" title="Chinese titles">Titles</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_name" title="Manchu name">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_name" title="Okinawan name">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Naming customs of Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Asia<br />and Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_name" title="Kalmyk name">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_name" title="Mongolian name">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakut names">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a><br />and Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_name" title="Afghan name">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_name" title="Azerbaijani name">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berber name (page does not exist)">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic name">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun name">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_name" title="Persian name">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_name" title="Somali name">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_name" title="Tatar name">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_name" title="Fijian name">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_name" title="Hawaiian name">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_naming_customs" title="Māori naming customs">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_names" title="Akan names">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_naming_customs" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo naming customs">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_in_Eritrea_and_Ethiopia" title="Naming conventions in Eritrea and Ethiopia">Eritrean and Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language#Naming_system" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_name" title="Ghanaian name">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_name" title="Igbo name">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_name" title="Yoruba name">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_names" title="Zimbabwean names">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_name" title="Albanian name">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_name" title="Armenian name">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_surname#Ashkenazi_Jewry" title="Jewish surname">Ashkenazi Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_surnames" title="Basque surnames">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian name (page does not exist)">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_name" title="Finnish name">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_name" title="Georgian name">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_name" title="Greek name">Greek</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_personal_names" title="Ancient Greek personal names">Ancient Greek</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Cypriot</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Hungarian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_name" title="Latvian name">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_name" title="Lithuanian name">Lithuanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_onomastics" title="Celtic onomastics">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_surnames" title="Cornish surnames">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_name" title="Irish name">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_surnames" title="Manx surnames">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_name" title="Scottish Gaelic name">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_surnames" title="Welsh surnames">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_name" title="Dutch name">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_name" title="English name">English</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">African-American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Canadian_name" title="Canadian name">Canadian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_name" title="Hong Kong name">Hongkongese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_name" title="German name">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_family_name_etymology" title="Scandinavian family name etymology">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Swedish_name" title="Swedish name">Swedish</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan name">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_name" title="French name">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_name" title="Italian name">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan name (page does not exist)">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">Roman</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">Praenomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Roman_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Roman name)">Nomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">Cognomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Agnomen" title="Agnomen">Agnomen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_name" title="Romanian name">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs" title="Spanish naming customs">Spanish</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Hispanic_America" title="Naming customs of Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_names" title="Slavic names">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_name" title="Bulgarian name">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_name" title="Croatian name">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_name" title="Czech name">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_name" title="Belarusian name">Belarusian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Russian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_name" title="Ukrainian name">Ukrainian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashubian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kashubian name (page does not exist)">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_onomastics" title="Macedonian onomastics">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish name">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_name" title="Serbian name">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_name" title="Slovak name">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_name_suffixes" title="Slavic name suffixes">Suffixes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_name" title="Balinese name">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese name">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_names" title="Indonesian names">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_surname" title="Chinese Indonesian surname">Chinese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_name" title="Javanese name">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer name">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_name" title="Indian name">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_name" title="Lao name">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_name" title="Sinhalese name">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_ancient_Tamil_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Naming conventions of ancient Tamil country">Ancient Tamil country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_name" title="Thai name">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_name" title="Christian name">Christian name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Biblical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">Papal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint%27s_name" title="Saint's name">Saint's name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_surname" title="Buddhist surname">Buddhist surname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_name" title="Dharma name">Dharma name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Jewish name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_name" title="Hebrew name">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">Theophoric name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manners of address<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles" title="List of titles">List</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Title_of_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Title of authority">of authority</a>/<a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">of honour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">Imperial, royal, and noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary styles">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">Pre-nominal letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">Suffix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">Emeritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">Post-nominal letters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">decorations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility" title="False titles of nobility">False</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_title" title="Hereditary title">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_title" title="Subsidiary title">Subsidiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">Substantive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional titles">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic ranks">Academic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">Honorary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial titles">Judicial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Papal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">Name day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">Acronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">Anonymity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Anthropomorphism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">Personification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">Call sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonym and exonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galton%E2%80%93Watson_process" title="Galton–Watson process">Galton–Watson process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">Legal name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_change" title="Name change">Name change</a></li></ul></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_popular_given_names" title="List of most popular given names">Given</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_common_surnames" title="Lists of most common surnames">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Namesake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">Naming taboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_nescio" title="Nomen nescio">Nomen nescio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">Misnomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">Onomastics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/-onym" title="-onym">-onym</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_identity" title="Personal identity">Personal identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">Identifier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper name">Proper name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signature" title="Signature">Signature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">Monogram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelrtva" title="Khelrtva">Khelrtva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signum_manus" title="Signum manus">Signum manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_names" title="Category:Lists of names">Category:Lists of names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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