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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Galen Strawson</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1952 (age 71–72)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">ENS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Audit_student" class="mw-redirect" title="Audit student">audit student</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Paris_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris I">Paris I</a> (audit student)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/P._F._Strawson" title="P. F. Strawson">P. F. Strawson</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/20th-century_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="20th-century philosophy">20th-century philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosophy" title="Analytic philosophy">Analytic philosophy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Direct_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct realism">Direct realism</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main interests</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Philosophy of mind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">metaphysics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of action">philosophy of action</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable ideas</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Panpsychism" title="Panpsychism">Panpsychism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Realistic_physicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Realistic physicalism">Realistic physicalism</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/galenstrawson/">Galen Strawson's personal site</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Galen John Strawson</b> (born 1952) is a British <a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Analytic philosopher">analytic philosopher</a> and literary critic who works primarily on <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">philosophy of mind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">metaphysics</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panpsychism" title="Panpsychism">panpsychism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mind-body_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Mind-body problem">mind-body problem</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Self_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Self (philosophy)">self</a>), <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has been a consultant editor at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_Literary_Supplement" title="The Times Literary Supplement">The Times Literary Supplement</a></i> for many years, and a regular book reviewer for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sunday Times (UK)">The Sunday Times</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. He is the son of philosopher <a href="/wiki/P._F._Strawson" title="P. F. Strawson">P. F. Strawson</a>. He holds a <a href="/wiki/Professor_(highest_academic_rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor (highest academic rank)">chair</a> in the Department of Philosophy at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas,_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas, Austin">University of Texas, Austin</a>, and taught for many years before that at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_career">Education and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galen_Strawson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strawson, the elder son of Oxford philosopher <a href="/wiki/P._F._Strawson" title="P. F. Strawson">P. F. Strawson</a>, was educated at the <a href="/wiki/Dragon_School" title="Dragon School">Dragon School</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> (1959–65), where he won a scholarship to <a href="/wiki/Winchester_College" title="Winchester College">Winchester College</a> (1965–68). He left school at 16, after completing his <a href="/wiki/A-levels" class="mw-redirect" title="A-levels">A-levels</a> and winning a place at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Trinity Hall, Cambridge">Trinity Hall, Cambridge</a>. At Cambridge, he read Oriental Studies (1969–71), Social and Political Science (1971–72), and Moral Sciences (1972–73) before moving to the University of Oxford, where he received his BPhil in philosophy in 1977 and his DPhil in philosophy in 1983. He also spent a year as an <i>auditeur libre</i> (<a href="/wiki/Audit_student" class="mw-redirect" title="Audit student">audit student</a>) at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a> in Paris and at the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Paris_1_Panth%C3%A9on-Sorbonne" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne">Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne</a> as a French Government Scholar (1977–78). </p><p>Strawson taught at the University of Oxford from 1979 to 2000, first as a Stipendiary Lecturer at several different colleges, and then, from 1987 on, as <a href="/wiki/Oxbridge_Fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxbridge Fellow">Fellow</a> and Tutor of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Oxford" title="Jesus College, Oxford">Jesus College, Oxford</a>. In 1993, he was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Research School of Social Sciences, Canberra. He has also taught as a visiting professor at <a href="/wiki/NYU" class="mw-redirect" title="NYU">NYU</a> (1997), <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a> (2000), the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (2010) and the <a href="/wiki/Ecole_des_hautes_%C3%A9tudes_en_sciences_sociales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales">Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales</a>, Paris (2012). In 2011 he was an Old Dominion Fellow, Council of the Humanities, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (2011). In 2000, he moved to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a> as professor of philosophy, and was also Distinguished Professor of Philosophy from 2004 to 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> Graduate Center. In 2012, he joined the faculty at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas,_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas, Austin">University of Texas, Austin</a>, as holder of a new chair in philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophical_work">Philosophical work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galen_Strawson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Philosophical work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_will">Free will</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galen_Strawson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Free will"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a> debate, Strawson holds that there is a fundamental sense in which free will is impossible, whether <a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">determinism</a> is true or not. He argues for this position with what he calls his "basic argument", which aims to show that no-one is ever ultimately morally responsible for their actions, and hence that no one has free will in the sense that usually concerns us. In its simplest form, the basic argument runs thus: </p> <ol><li>You do what you do, in any given situation, because of the way you are.</li> <li>To be ultimately responsible for what you do, you have to be ultimately responsible for the way you are—at least in certain crucial mental respects.</li> <li>But you cannot be ultimately responsible for the way you are in any respect at all.</li> <li>So you cannot be ultimately responsible for what you do.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>This argument resembles <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a>'s position in <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Fourfold_Root_of_the_Principle_of_Sufficient_Reason" title="On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason">On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason</a></i>, summarised by E. F. J. Payne as the "law of motivation, which states that a definite course of action inevitably ensues on a given character and motive".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panpsychism">Panpsychism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galen_Strawson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Panpsychism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Panpsychism" title="Panpsychism">Panpsychism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Realistic_physicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Realistic physicalism">Realistic physicalism</a></div> <p>Strawson has argued that what he calls "<a href="/wiki/Realistic_physicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Realistic physicalism">realistic physicalism</a>" (or "realistic monism") <a href="/wiki/Logical_consequence" title="Logical consequence">entails</a> panpsychism.<sup id="cite_ref-realistic-monism_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realistic-monism-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He writes that "as a real physicalist, then, I hold that the mental/experiential is physical."<sup id="cite_ref-realistic-monism_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realistic-monism-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 7">: 7 </span></sup> He quotes the physicist <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Eddington" title="Arthur Eddington">Arthur Eddington</a> in support of his position as follows: "If we must embed our schedule of indicator readings in some kind of background, at least let us accept the only hint we have received as to the significance of the background—namely that it has a nature capable of manifesting itself as a mental activity.<sup id="cite_ref-realistic-monism_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realistic-monism-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 11">: 11 </span></sup> The editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Consciousness_Studies" title="Journal of Consciousness Studies">Journal of Consciousness Studies</a></i>, Anthony Freeman, has written that panpsychism is regarded by many as either "plain crazy, or else a direct route back to animism and superstition".<sup id="cite_ref-realistic-monism_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realistic-monism-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1">: 1 </span></sup> But it has a long tradition in Western thought.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galen_Strawson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galen_Strawson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Freedom and Belief</i> (1986), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-823933-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-823933-5">0-19-823933-5</a></li> <li><i>The Secret Connexion</i> (1989), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-824038-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-824038-4">0-19-824038-4</a></li> <li><i>Mental Reality</i> (1994), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-19352-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-19352-3">0-262-19352-3</a></li> <li><i>The Self?</i> (editor) (2005), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4051-2987-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-4051-2987-5">1-4051-2987-5</a></li> <li><i>Consciousness and Its Place in Nature: Does physicalism entail panpsychism?</i> (2006), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84540-059-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84540-059-3">1-84540-059-3</a></li> <li><i>Real Materialism and Other Essays</i> (2008), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926743-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926743-9">978-0-19-926743-9</a></li> <li><i>Selves: An Essay in Revisionary Metaphysics</i> (2009), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-825006-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-825006-7">978-0-19-825006-7</a></li> <li><i>The Evident Connexion: Hume on Personal Identity</i> (2011), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-960850-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-960850-8">978-0-19-960850-8</a></li> <li><i>Locke on Personal Identity: Consciousness and Concernment</i> (2011), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-14757-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-14757-4">978-0-691-14757-4</a></li> <li><i>The Subject of Experience</i> (2017), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198777885" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198777885">978-0198777885</a></li> <li><i>Things That Bother Me: Death, Freedom, The Self etc.</i> (2018) (New York Review of Books Inc.) <ul><li>Korean translation (Forthcoming)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Consciousness and Its Place in Nature,</i> 2nd revised and expanded edition, ed. A. Freeman and G. Horswell, (Exeter: Imprint Academic) (2024), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1788361187" title="Special:BookSources/978-1788361187">978-1788361187</a></li> <li><i>Stuff, Quality, Structure: The Whole Go</i> (2024) (Oxford University Press), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-890365-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-890365-9">978-0-19-890365-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selected_articles">Selected articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galen_Strawson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Selected articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Red and 'Red'" (1989), <i>Synthèse</i> 78, pp. 193–232.</li> <li>"The Impossibility of Moral Responsibility" (1994), <i>Philosophical Studies</i> 75, pp. 5–24.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070809004931/http://www.imprint.co.uk/strawson.htm">"'The Self</a>" (1997), <i>Journal of Consciousness Studies</i> 4, pp. 405–28.</li> <li>"The bounds of freedom" (2001), in <i>The Oxford Handbook on Free Will</i>, ed. R. Kane (Oxford University Press), pp. 441–60.</li> <li>"Hume on himself" (2001), in <i>Essays in Practical Philosophy: From Action to values</i>, ed. D. Egonsson, J. Josefsson, B. Petersson and T. Rønnow-Rasmussen (Aldershot: Ashgate Press), pp. 69–94.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rdg.ac.uk/AcaDepts/ld/Philos/gjs/rmchomsky.htm">"Real Materialism" </a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> (2003), in <i>Chomsky and his Critics</i>, ed. L. Antony and N. Hornstein (Oxford: Blackwell), pp. 49–88.</li> <li>"Mental ballistics: the involuntariness of spontaneity" (2003), <i>Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society</i>, pp. 227–56.</li> <li>"A Fallacy of our Age" ('Against Narrative') in the <i>Times Literary Supplement</i>, 15 October 2004</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lchc.ucsd.edu/mca/Paper/against_narrativity.pdf">"Against Narrativity"</a> (2004), <i>Ratio</i> 17, pp. 428–52.</li> <li>"Gegen die Narrativität" (2005), revised and expanded version of "Against Narrativity" in <i>Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie</i> 53, pp. 3–22.</li> <li>"Episodic ethics" (2005) in <i>Narrative and Understanding Person</i>, ed. D. Hutto (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 85–115.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100828151103/http://www.philosophypress.co.uk/?p=726">"Why I have no future"</a> (2009) <i>The Philosophers' Magazine</i>, Issue 38</li> <li>"Against 'corporism': the two uses of I" (2009) <i>Organon F</i> 16, pp. 428–448.</li> <li>"The Self" in <i>The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mind</i>, ed. B. McLaughlin and A. Beckermann (Oxford University Press), pp. 541–64.</li> <li>"5 Questions on Mind and Consciousness" (2009), in <i>Mind and Consciousness: 5 Questions</i> (AutomaticPress/VIP,) pp. 191–204.</li> <li>"5 Questions on Action" (2009), in <i>Philosophy of Action: 5 Questions</i> (AutomaticPress/VIP), pp. 253–9.</li> <li>"On the SESMET theory of subjectivity" (2009), in <i>Mind That Abides</i>, ed. D. Skrbina (Amsterdam: John Benjamins), pp. 57–64.</li> <li>"The identity of the categorical and the dispositional" (2008), <i>Analysis</i> 68/4, pp. 271–8.</li> <li>"Radical Self-Awareness" (2010), in <i>Self, No Self?:</i> <i>Perspectives from Analytical, Phenomenological, and Indian Traditions,</i> ed. M. Siderits, E. Thompson, and D. Zahavi (Oxford University Press), pp. 274–307.</li> <li>"The depth(s) of the twentieth century" (2010), <i>Analysis</i> 70/4:1.</li> <li>"Fundamental Singleness: subjects as objects (how to turn the first two Paralogisms into valid arguments)" (2010), in <i>The Metaphysics of Consciousness</i>, ed. P. Basile et al.(Cambridge University Press), pp. 61–92.</li> <li>"Narrativity and non-Narrativity" (2010), in<i> Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science</i> 1, pp. 775–80.</li> <li>"La impossibilidad de la responsabilidad moral en sentido último" (2010), Spanish Translation of "The Impossibility of (Ultimate) Moral Responsibility", in <i>Cuadernos Eticos</i></li> <li>"Cognitive phenomenology: real life" (2011), in <i>Cognitive Phenomenology</i>, ed.T. Bayne and M. Montague (Oxford University Press), pp. 285–325.</li> <li>"The impossibility of ultimate responsibility?" in <i>Free Will and Modern Science,</i> ed. R. Swinburne (London: British Academy) (December), pp. 126–40.</li> <li>"Owning the Past: Reply to Stokes" (2011), <i>Journal of Consciousness Studies</i> 18, pp. 170–95.</li> <li>"The minimal self" (2011), in <i>Oxford Handbook of the Self</i>, ed. S. Gallagher (Oxford University Press), pp. 253–278.</li> <li>"Real naturalism" (2012), in <i>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association</i> 86/2, pp. 125–154.</li> <li>"I and I: immunity to error through misidentification of the subject" (2012), in <i>Immunity to Error Through Misidentification: New Essays,</i> ed. S. Prosser and F. Recanati (Cambridge University Press)</li> <li>"All My Hopes Vanish: Hume’s Appendix" (2012), in <i>The Continuum Companion to Hume</i>, ed. A Bailey and D. O’Brien (London: Continuum)</li> <li>"We live beyond any tale that we happen to enact" (2012), in <i>Harvard Review of Philosophy</i> 18, pp. 73–90.</li> <li>"Contra la Narratividad" (2013), Spanish Translation of "Against Narrativity", in <i>Cuadernos de Crîtica</i> 56 (México: Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas)</li> <li>Italian Translation of "The Minimal Subject" (2014) in <i>Quel che Resta dell’Io</i> (Roma: Castelvecchi) pp. 41</li> <li>"Free will" (2015), in <i>Norton Introduction to</i> <i>Philosophy,</i> ed. A. Byrne, J. Cohen, G. Rosen and S. Shiffrin (New York:Norton)</li> <li>"Real direct realism" (2015), in <i>The Nature of Phenomenal Qualities</i>, ed. P. Coates and S. Coleman (Oxford University Press)</li> <li>"Nietzsche’s metaphysics?" (2015), in <i>Nietzsche on Mind and Nature</i>, ed.M. Dries and P. Kail (Oxford University Press)</li> <li>"When I enter most intimately into what I call myself" (2015), in <i>Oxford Handbook of David Hume</i> ed. Paul Russell (Oxford University Press)</li> <li>"The unstoried life" (2015), in <i>On Life-Writing</i>, ed. Z. Leader (Oxford: Oxford University Press)</li> <li>"'The secrets of all hearts': Locke on personal identity" (2015), in <i>Mind, Self, and Person</i>, ed. A. O'Hear (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)</li> <li>"Mind and being: the primacy of panpsychism", in <i>Panpsychism: Philosophical Essays</i>, ed. G. Bruntrup and L. Jaskolla (New York: Oxford University Press)</li> <li>"The concept of consciousness in the twentieth century" (2016), in <i>Consciousness</i>, ed. A. Simmons (New York: Oxford University Press)</li> <li>"Narrative bypassing", in <i>A New Approach to Studies of the Self</i>, ed. N. Praetorius, <i>Journal of Consciousness Studies</i> 16, pp. 125–139</li> <li>"Conceivability and the silence of physics" (2017), <i>Journal of Consciousness Studies</i></li> <li>"Descartes's mind" (2017), in <i>Descartes and Cartesianism: Essays in Honour of Desmond Clarke</i>, ed. S. Gaukroger and C. Wilson (Oxford: Oxford University Press)</li> <li>"Consciousness never left" (2017), in <i>The Return of Consciousness</i>, ed. K. Almqvist and A. Haag (Stockholm: Axel and Margaret Axson Johnson Foundation)</li> <li>"Physicalist panpsychism" (2017), in <i>The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness</i>, 2nd ed, ed. S. Schneider and M. Velmans (New York: Wiley-Blackwell)</li> <li>"Contre la narrativité" (2017), French Translation of "Against Narrativity", in <i>Fabula-LHT</i></li> <li>"What does 'physical' mean? A prolegomenon to physicalist panpsychism", in <i>Routledge Handbook of Panpsychism</i></li> <li>"Descartes and the Buddha—a <i>rapprochement</i>?" in <i>Reasons and Empty Persons: Mind, Metaphysics, and Morality: Essays in Honor of Mark Siderits</i>, ed. C. Coseru (Springer, 2023) pp. 63-86</li> <li>"Blockers and laughter: panpsychism, archepsychism, pantachepsychism" (2024), in second revised and expanded edition of <i>Consciousness and its Place in Nature</i>, ed. A Freeman (Exeter: Imprint Academic)</li> <li>"The Impossibility of Subjectless Experience" (2024), in <i>Journal of Consciousness Studies</i> vol. 31, pp. 26–36</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galen_Strawson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epiphenomenalism" title="Epiphenomenalism">Epiphenomenalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">Free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_free_will" title="Neuroscience of free will">Neuroscience of free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_zombie" title="Philosophical zombie">Philosophical zombie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galen_Strawson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Galen Strawson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/91346935">"Real Direct Realism"</a>, a lecture recorded 2014 at Marc Sanders Foundation, Vimeo.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utexas.edu/cola/philosophy/faculty/profile.php?id=gs24429">"UT College of Liberal Arts"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304141657/http://www.utexas.edu/cola/philosophy/faculty/profile.php?id=gs24429">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UT+College+of+Liberal+Arts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utexas.edu%2Fcola%2Fphilosophy%2Ffaculty%2Fprofile.php%3Fid%3Dgs24429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalen+Strawson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leiterreports.typepad.com/blog/2012/08/two-senior-hires-for-ut-austin-strawson-from-reading-montague-from-bristol.html">"Leiter, Brian."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120829010954/http://leiterreports.typepad.com/blog/2012/08/two-senior-hires-for-ut-austin-strawson-from-reading-montague-from-bristol.html">Archived</a> 29 August 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strawson, Galen. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/V014">Free Will</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825055350/http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/V014">Archived</a> 25 August 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" in the <a href="/wiki/Routledge_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a>, ed. Edward Craig (1998); "The Bounds of Freedom" in <i>The Oxford Handbook of Free Will</i>, ed. Robert Kane (2002).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. F. J. Payne, in his Translator's Introduction to Schopenhauer's <i>The World as Will and Representation</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-realistic-monism-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-realistic-monism_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-realistic-monism_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-realistic-monism_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-realistic-monism_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Strawson, G. (2006) "Realistic Monism: Why Physicalism Entails Panpsychism", <i>Journal of Consciousness Studies</i>, Volume 13, Nos. 10–11, Exeter, Imprint Academic pp. 3–31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Skrbina, D. (2005), <i>Panpsychism in the West</i>, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galen_Strawson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Feinberg" title="Joel Feinberg">Feinberg, Joel</a>; <a href="/wiki/Russ_Shafer-Landau" title="Russ Shafer-Landau">Shafer-Landau, Russ</a>: <i>Reason & Responsibility: Readings in Some Basic Problems of Philosophy: Thirteenth Edition</i> (Thomson Wadsworth, 2008).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galen_Strawson&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/galenstrawson/">Galen Strawson Personal Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/philosophy/faculty/gs24429">Galen Strawson at the University of Texas at Austin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121223155117/http://www.reading.ac.uk/philosophy/about/staff/g-strawson.asp">Galen Strawson at the University of Reading</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/V014">"Free Will"</a> an entry by Strawson in the <a href="/wiki/Routledge_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aeon.co/magazine/philosophy/the-dangerous-idea-that-life-is-a-story">"I am not a story"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905082359/http://aeon.co/magazine/philosophy/the-dangerous-idea-that-life-is-a-story/">Archived</a> 5 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> an article by Strawson in Aeon magazine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.believermag.com/issues/200303/?read=interview_strawson">"You Cannot Make Yourself the Way You Are"</a> – Strawson interviewed by Tamler Sommers, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Believer_(magazine)" title="The Believer (magazine)">The Believer</a></i>, March 2003 (Also published under the title <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070814034512/http://www.naturalism.org/strawson_interview.htm">"The Buck Stops – Where? Living Without Ultimate Moral Responsibility"</a> at Naturalism.org).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/iotp/all">Good and Evil</a>, 1 April 1999, BBC Radio program <a href="/wiki/In_Our_Time_(radio_series)" title="In Our Time (radio series)">In Our Time</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/iotp/all">Virtue</a>, 28 February 2002, BBC Radio program <a href="/wiki/In_Our_Time_(radio_series)" title="In Our Time (radio series)">In Our Time</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/iotp/all">Free Will</a>, 10 March 2011, BBC Radio program <a href="/wiki/In_Our_Time_(radio_series)" title="In Our Time (radio series)">In Our Time</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bbc.in/1JLksNj">Evil</a>, 5 August 2015, BBC Radio Program <a href="/wiki/Moral_Maze" title="Moral Maze">Moral Maze</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/e96918c6-3cd9-11e8-b7e0-52972418fec4">"Things That Bother Me by Galen Strawson – a case for mistaken identity"</a>, review of <i>Things that Bother Me</i> by Jonathan Derbyshire in the Financial Times, 13 April 2018</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/psychedelics-lsd-pollan">"Brimming with X"</a>, book review of Michael Pollan's <i>How to Change Your Mind: The new science of psychedelics</i>, in the <i>Times Literary Supplement</i>, August 8, 2018</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/dec/27/galileos-error-by-philip-goff-review">"Galileo’s Error by Philip Goff review – a new science of consciousness"</a>, book review of Philip Goff's <i>Galileo’s Error</i>, in <i>The Guardian</i>, 27 December 2019</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/dec/28/why-the-purpose-of-the-universe-by-philip-goff-review-a-real-poser">"Why? The Purpose of the Universe by Philip Goff review – a real poser"</a>, book review of Philip Goff's <i>Why? The Purpose of the Universe</i> in <i>The Guardian</i>, 28 December 2023</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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