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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Order of battle</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Order_of_battle-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Order of battle subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Order_of_battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>British Army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Royal Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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href="#Early_skirmishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Early skirmishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_skirmishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breed's_Hill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breed's_Hill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Breed's Hill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breed's_Hill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stalemate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stalemate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Stalemate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stalemate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_siege" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_siege"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>End of the siege</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-End_of_the_siege-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle End of the siege subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_siege-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fortification_of_Dorchester_Heights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fortification_of_Dorchester_Heights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Fortification of Dorchester Heights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fortification_of_Dorchester_Heights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evacuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evacuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Evacuation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evacuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bostonun_m%C3%BChasir%C9%99si" title="Bostonun mühasirəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bostonun mühasirəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setge_de_Boston" title="Setge de Boston – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Setge de Boston" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obl%C3%A9h%C3%A1n%C3%AD_Bostonu" title="Obléhání Bostonu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obléhání Bostonu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belagerung_von_Boston" title="Belagerung von Boston – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Belagerung von Boston" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asedio_de_Boston" title="Asedio de Boston – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asedio de Boston" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sie%C4%9Do_de_Bostono" title="Sieĝo de Bostono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sieĝo de Bostono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bostongo_setioa" title="Bostongo setioa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bostongo setioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Boston" title="Siège de Boston – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Siège de Boston" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4_%ED%8F%AC%EC%9C%84%EC%A0%84" title="보스턴 포위전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보스턴 포위전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Բոստոնի պաշարում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոստոնի պաշարում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assedio_di_Boston" title="Assedio di Boston – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Assedio di Boston" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E5%8C%85%E5%9B%B2%E6%88%A6" title="ボストン包囲戦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボストン包囲戦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beleiringen_av_Boston" title="Beleiringen av Boston – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Beleiringen av Boston" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obl%C4%99%C5%BCenie_Bostonu" title="Oblężenie Bostonu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oblężenie Bostonu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerco_de_Boston" title="Cerco de Boston – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cerco de Boston" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Осада Бостона – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осада Бостона" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Опсада Бостона – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Опсада Бостона" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bostonin_piiritys" title="Bostonin piiritys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bostonin piiritys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel%C3%A4gringen_av_Boston" title="Belägringen av Boston – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Belägringen av Boston" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E4%B9%8B%E5%9B%B4" title="波士顿之围 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波士顿之围" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q815128#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Siege of Boston</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_evacuation_of_Boston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/The_evacuation_of_Boston.jpg/300px-The_evacuation_of_Boston.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/The_evacuation_of_Boston.jpg/450px-The_evacuation_of_Boston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/The_evacuation_of_Boston.jpg/600px-The_evacuation_of_Boston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="497" /></a></span><br />Illustration depicting the British evacuation of <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>April 19, 1775 – March 17, 1776<br />(10 months, 3 weeks and 6 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> and surrounding area</div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Siege_of_Boston&params=42_21_48_N_71_3_28_W_type:event_scale:100000_region:US-MA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°21′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°3′28″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.36333°N 71.05778°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.36333; -71.05778</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>American victory </p> <ul><li>British forces evacuate Boston</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span data-sort-value="Great Britain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Artemas Ward</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Henry Knox</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Warren" title="Joseph Warren">Joseph Warren</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage" title="Thomas Gage">Thomas Gage</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/William_Howe,_5th_Viscount_Howe" title="William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe">Sir William Howe</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clinton_(British_Army_officer,_born_1730)" title="Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)">Sir Henry Clinton</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Smith_(British_Army_officer)" title="Francis Smith (British Army officer)">Francis Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 7,000–16,000<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough25_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough25-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 5,000–11,000<sup id="cite_ref-BritishCount_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritishCount-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b> Battle of Bunker Hill</b><br />Over 400 killed or wounded,<br />30 captured<sup id="cite_ref-BHillRef_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHillRef-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Rest of siege</b><br />19 killed or wounded<sup id="cite_ref-Boatner10_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boatner10-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b>Bunker Hill</b><br />About 1,000 killed or wounded<sup id="cite_ref-BHillRef_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHillRef-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Rest of siege</b><br />60 killed or wounded,<br />35 captured<sup id="cite_ref-Boatner10_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boatner10-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_American_Revolutionary_War:_Boston" title="Template:Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Boston"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_American_Revolutionary_War:_Boston" title="Template talk:Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Boston"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_American_Revolutionary_War:_Boston" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Boston"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Boston_campaign_1774–1776" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign"><span class="wrap">Boston campaign</span></a><br /> 1774–1776</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1774</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powder_Alarm" title="Powder Alarm">Powder Alarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Resolves" title="Suffolk Resolves">Suffolk Resolves</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1775</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Lexington and Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Alarm" title="Lexington Alarm">Lexington Alarm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Siege of Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson%27s_War" title="Thompson's War">Thompson's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Menotomy" title="Battle of Menotomy">Menotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Fairhaven" title="Battle off Fairhaven">Fairhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chelsea_Creek" title="Battle of Chelsea Creek">Chelsea Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Machias" title="Battle of Machias">Machias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">Bunker Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gloucester_(1775)" title="Battle of Gloucester (1775)">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Saint_John" title="Raid on Saint John">Saint John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Falmouth" title="Burning of Falmouth">Falmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Charlottetown_(1775)" title="Raid on Charlottetown (1775)">Charlottetown</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1776</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noble_train_of_artillery" title="Noble train of artillery">Knox artillery train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortification_of_Dorchester_Heights" title="Fortification of Dorchester Heights">Dorchester Heights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>siege of Boston</b> (April 19, 1775 – March 17, 1776) was the opening phase of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the siege, <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">American patriot</a> militia led by newly-installed <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> commander <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> prevented the <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="British Army during the American Revolutionary War">British Army</a>, which was garrisoned in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, from moving by land. Both sides faced resource, supply, and personnel challenges during the siege. British resupply and reinforcement was limited to sea access, which was impeded by American vessels. The British ultimately abandoned Boston after eleven months, moving their troops and equipment north, to <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>. </p><p>The siege began on April 19 after the Revolutionary War's first battles at <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Lexington and Concord</a>, when Massachusetts militias blocked land access to Boston. The <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a>, meeting in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, formed the Continental Army from the militias involved in the fighting and appointed George Washington as commander in chief. In June 1775, the British <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">seized Bunker Hill and Breed's Hill</a>, which Washington and the Continental Army was preparing to bombard, but their casualties were heavy and their gains insufficient to break the Continental Army's control over land to Boston. After this, the Americans laid siege to Boston; no major battles were fought during this time, and the conflict was limited to occasional raids, minor skirmishes, and sniper fire. British efforts to supply their troops were significantly impeded by the smaller but more agile Continental Army and patriot forces that were operating on land and sea. The British suffered from a continual lack of food, fuel, and supplies. </p><p>In November 1775, George Washington sent <a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Henry Knox</a> on a mission to bring the heavy artillery that had recently been <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Capture of Fort Ticonderoga">captured at Fort Ticonderoga</a>. In a technically complex and demanding operation, Knox <a href="/wiki/Noble_train_of_artillery" title="Noble train of artillery">brought the cannons to Boston</a> in January 1776, and this artillery <a href="/wiki/Fortification_of_Dorchester_Heights" title="Fortification of Dorchester Heights">fortified Dorchester Heights</a> which overlooked Boston harbor. This development threatened to cut off the British supply lifeline from the sea. British commander <a href="/wiki/William_Howe,_5th_Viscount_Howe" title="William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe">William Howe</a> saw his position as indefensible, and he withdrew his forces from Boston to <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax, Nova Scotia</a> on March 17. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931777).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The Grand Union flag flown by <a href="/w/index.php?title=P._Sherman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. Sherman (page does not exist)">P. Sherman</a> during the siege of Boston<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lexington_Concord_Siege_of_Boston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lexington_Concord_Siege_of_Boston.jpg/220px-Lexington_Concord_Siege_of_Boston.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lexington_Concord_Siege_of_Boston.jpg/330px-Lexington_Concord_Siege_of_Boston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lexington_Concord_Siege_of_Boston.jpg/440px-Lexington_Concord_Siege_of_Boston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3211" data-file-height="2476" /></a><figcaption>A 1775 map of the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Battles of Lexington and Concord</a> and the siege of Boston</figcaption></figure> <p>Before 1775, the British <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States#Growing_dissent_and_the_American_Revolution" title="Colonial history of the United States">imposed taxes and import duties by the name of Mr Peabody</a> on the American colonies, to which the Americans objected since they <a href="/wiki/No_taxation_without_representation" title="No taxation without representation">lacked British Parliamentary representation</a>. In response to the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a> and other acts of protest, 4,000 British troops were sent to occupy Boston under the command of General <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage" title="Thomas Gage">Thomas Gage</a> and to pacify the restive <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province of Massachusetts Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chidsey5_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chidsey5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parliament authorized Gage to disband the government of Massachusetts Bay, led by <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a>, among numerous <a href="/wiki/Intolerable_Acts" title="Intolerable Acts">other powers</a>, but the Americans formed the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Provincial_Congress" title="Massachusetts Provincial Congress">Massachusetts Provincial Congress</a> and continued to meet. The Provincial Congress called for the organization of local militias and coordinated the accumulation of weapons and other military supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-FrothinghamProvCong_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrothinghamProvCong-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Port_Act" title="Boston Port Act">Boston Port Act</a>, Gage closed the Boston port, which caused much unemployment and discontent.<sup id="cite_ref-Frothingham7_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frothingham7-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British forces went to seize military supplies from the town of <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord</a> on April 19, 1775, but militia companies from surrounding towns opposed them at the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Battles of Lexington and Concord</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough7_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Concord, some of the British forces were routed in a confrontation at the <a href="/wiki/Old_North_Bridge" title="Old North Bridge">North Bridge</a>. The British troops were then engaged in a running battle during their march back to Boston, suffering heavy casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-SeeLC_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeeLC-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of the <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> colonies raised militias in response to this alarm and sent them to Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-Frothingham100_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frothingham100-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Order_of_battle">Order of battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Order of battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Army">British Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: British Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> order of battle in July 1775 was:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Commander-in-Chief of the British Army in America, Major General <a href="/wiki/William_Howe,_5th_Viscount_Howe" title="William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe">Sir William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe</a></li> <li>Commander of Artillery & Engineers, <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a> Cleveland (commanding officer of the 4th Battalion) <ul><li>No.1 Company, 4th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a></li> <li>No.2 Company, 4th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a></li> <li>No.4 Company, 4th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a></li> <li>No.5 Company, 4th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a></li> <li>No.8 Company, 4th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a></li> <li>x2 Companies of <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Invalids_(Great_Britain)" title="Corps of Invalids (Great Britain)">invalids</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>1st Division</i>, commanded by Major General <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clinton_(British_Army_officer,_born_1730)" title="Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)">Sir Henry Clinton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17th_Lancers#American_Revolution" title="17th Lancers">17th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons</a> (4 Squadrons)</li> <li><i>1st Brigade</i>, commanded by Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Percy,_2nd_Duke_of_Northumberland" title="Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland">His Grace Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4th_(The_King%27s_Own)_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="4th (The King's Own) Regiment of Foot">4th (The King's Own) Regiment of Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="23rd Regiment of Foot">23rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Welch Fusiliers)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="44th Regiment of Foot">44th Regiment of Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="59th Regiment of Foot">59th Regiment of Foot</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>3rd Brigade</i>, commanded by Brigadier General Paget <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Regiment of Foot">10th Regiment of Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="47th Regiment of Foot">47th Regiment of Foot</a></li> <li>1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>5th Brigade</i>, commanded by Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/James_Grant_(British_Army_officer,_born_1720)" title="James Grant (British Army officer, born 1720)">James Grant, Laird of Ballindalloch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Regiment of Foot">22nd Regiment of Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43rd_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="43rd Regiment of Foot">43rd Regiment of Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="52nd Regiment of Foot">52nd Regiment of Foot</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>2nd Division</i>, commanded by Major General <a href="/wiki/John_Burgoyne" title="John Burgoyne">John Burgoyne</a> <ul><li><i>2nd Brigade</i>, commanded by Brigadier General Jones <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Regiment of Foot">5th Regiment of Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="35th Regiment of Foot">35th Regiment of Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="45th Regiment of Foot">45th Regiment of Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="53rd Regiment of Foot">53rd Regiment of Foot</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>4th Brigade</i>, commanded by Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/James_Robertson_(British_Army_officer)" title="James Robertson (British Army officer)">James Robertson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="18th Regiment of Foot">18th Regiment of Foot</a>-<a href="/wiki/65th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="65th Regiment of Foot">65th Regiment of Foot</a> (combined)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="40th Regiment of Foot">40th Regiment of Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="49th Regiment of Foot">49th Regiment of Foot</a></li> <li>2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Navy">Royal Navy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Royal Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/North_America_and_West_Indies_Station" title="North America and West Indies Station">British North American Squadron</a></i> (only those ships based in/around <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> listed)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Boyne_(1766)" title="HMS Boyne (1766)">HMS <i>Boyne</i></a> (70 guns)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Somerset_(1748)" title="HMS Somerset (1748)">HMS <i>Somerset</i></a> (68 guns)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Asia_(1764)" title="HMS Asia (1764)">HMS <i>Asia</i></a> (64 guns)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Preston_(1757)" title="HMS Preston (1757)">HMS <i>Preston</i></a> (50 guns)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Mercury_(1756)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Mercury (1756) (page does not exist)">HMS <i>Mercury</i></a> (20 guns)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Glasgow_(1757)" title="HMS Glasgow (1757)">HMS <i>Glasgow</i></a> (20 guns)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Diana_(1775)" title="HMS Diana (1775)">HMS <i>Diana</i></a> (6 guns)</li></ul></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Marblehead,_Massachusetts" title="Marblehead, Massachusetts">Marblehead, Massachusetts</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Lively_(1756)" title="HMS Lively (1756)">HMS <i>Lively</i></a> (20 guns)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Colonies_Army">United Colonies Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United Colonies Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Army of Massachusetts</i> (Continental Army), commanded by Commander-in-Chief General <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><i>Commander of Artillery</i> Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Henry Knox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Artillery_Regiment" title="Continental Artillery Regiment">Continental Artillery Regiment</a></li> <li>Rhode Island Artillery Company</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Line" title="Massachusetts Line">Massachusetts Line</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frye%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Frye's Massachusetts Regiment">Frye's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learned%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Learned's Massachusetts Regiment">Learned's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Nixon's Massachusetts Regiment">Nixon's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li>J. Brewer's Massachusetts Regiment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellow%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow's Massachusetts Regiment">Fellow's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Brewer%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="D. Brewer's Massachusetts Regiment">D. Brewer's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescott%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Prescott's Massachusetts Regiment">Prescott's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li>Cotton's Massachusetts Regiment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Little's Massachusetts Regiment">Little's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danielson%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Danielson's Massachusetts Regiment">Danielson's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansfield's Massachusetts Regiment">Mansfield's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Read's Massachusetts Regiment">Read's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glover%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Glover's Massachusetts Regiment">Glover's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Walker's Massachusetts Regiment">Walker's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitcomb%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitcomb's Massachusetts Regiment">Whitcomb's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodbridge%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodbridge's Massachusetts Regiment">Woodbridge's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge's Massachusetts Regiment">Bridge's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargent%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sargent's Massachusetts Regiment">Sargent's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scammon%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Scammon's Massachusetts Regiment">Scammon's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phinney%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Phinney's Massachusetts Regiment">Phinney's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward's Massachusetts Regiment">Ward's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas's Massachusetts Regiment">Thomas's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Heath's Massachusetts Regiment">Heath's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardner's Massachusetts Regiment">Gardner's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrish%27s_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrish's Massachusetts Regiment">Gerrish's Massachusetts Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Line" title="New Hampshire Line">New Hampshire Line</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_New_Hampshire_Regiment" title="1st New Hampshire Regiment">1st New Hampshire Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_New_Hampshire_Regiment" title="2nd New Hampshire Regiment">2nd New Hampshire Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_New_Hampshire_Regiment" title="3rd New Hampshire Regiment">3rd New Hampshire Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Line" title="Rhode Island Line">Rhode Island Line</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Rhode_Island_Regiment" title="1st Rhode Island Regiment">Varnum's Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Rhode_Island_Regiment" title="2nd Rhode Island Regiment">Hitchcock's Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church%27s_Regiment" title="Church's Regiment">Church's Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Line" title="Connecticut Line">Connecticut Line</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Connecticut_Regt_(1775)" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Connecticut Regt (1775)">2nd Connecticut Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Connecticut_Regiment" title="3rd Connecticut Regiment">3rd Connecticut Regiment</a></li> <li>6 companies, 2 from <a href="/wiki/4th_Connecticut_Regiment" title="4th Connecticut Regiment">4th Connecticut Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Connecticut_Regiment" title="6th Connecticut Regiment">6th Connecticut Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Connecticut_Regiment" title="8th Connecticut Regiment">8th Connecticut Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line" title="Pennsylvania Line">Pennsylvania Line</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Rifle_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment">Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Independent Rifle Companies</i> <ul><li>Captain <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cresap" title="Michael Cresap">Michael Cresap</a>'s Independent Rifle Co. (Maryland)</li> <li>Captain Thomas Price's Independent Rifle Co. (Maryland)</li> <li>Captain Hugh Stephenson's Independent Rifle Co. (Virginia)</li> <li>Captain <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Morgan" title="Daniel Morgan">Daniel Morgan</a>'s Independent Rifle Co. (Virginia)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siege">Siege</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Siege"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siege_of_Boston.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Siege_of_Boston.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif/300px-Siege_of_Boston.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="418" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Siege_of_Boston.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif/450px-Siege_of_Boston.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Siege_of_Boston.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif/600px-Siege_of_Boston.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="1044" /></a><figcaption>The siege of Boston, 1775–1776</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston_area_colonial_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Boston_area_colonial_map.jpg/450px-Boston_area_colonial_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Boston_area_colonial_map.jpg/675px-Boston_area_colonial_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Boston_area_colonial_map.jpg/900px-Boston_area_colonial_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1286" data-file-height="827" /></a><figcaption>A map showing Boston and vicinity, including Bunker Hill, Dorchester Heights, and the troop disposition of Gen. <a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Artemas Ward</a> during the siege of Boston. From <i>Marshall's Life of Washington</i> (1806).</figcaption></figure> <p>Immediately after the battles of April 19, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_militia_units_of_Massachusetts" title="List of militia units of Massachusetts">Massachusetts militia</a> formed a siege line extending from <a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_Massachusetts" title="Chelsea, Massachusetts">Chelsea</a>, around the peninsulas of Boston and <a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Boston" title="Charlestown, Boston">Charlestown</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Boston" title="Roxbury, Boston">Roxbury</a>, effectively surrounding Boston on three sides. The siege line was under the loose leadership of <a href="/wiki/William_Heath" title="William Heath">William Heath</a>, who was superseded by General <a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Artemas Ward</a> late on April 20.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough35_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough35-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They particularly blocked the Charlestown Neck, the only land access to Charlestown, and the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Neck" title="Boston Neck">Boston Neck</a>, the only land access to Boston, which was then <a href="/wiki/Shawmut_Peninsula" title="Shawmut Peninsula">a peninsula</a>, leaving the British in control only of the harbor and sea access.<sup id="cite_ref-Frothingham100_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frothingham100-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The size of the colonial forces grew in the following days, as militias arrived from <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Frothingham100_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frothingham100-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General Gage wrote of his surprise at the number of <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriots</a> surrounding the city: "The rebels are not the despicable rabble too many have supposed them to be.... In all their wars against the French they never showed such conduct, attention, and perseverance as they do now."<sup id="cite_ref-Harvey1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harvey1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General Gage turned his attention to fortifying easily defensible positions. He ordered lines of defenses with ten 24-pound guns in Roxbury. In Boston proper, four hills were quickly fortified. They were to be the main defense of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, each of these hills was strengthened.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gage also decided to abandon Charlestown, removing the beleaguered forces that had retreated from Concord. The town of Charlestown itself was entirely vacant, and Bunker Hill and Breed's Hill were left undefended, as were the <a href="/wiki/Dorchester_Heights" title="Dorchester Heights">heights of Dorchester</a>, which had a commanding view of the harbor and the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FrenchUndefended_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrenchUndefended-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British at first greatly restricted movement in and out of the city, fearing infiltration of weapons. Besieged and besiegers eventually reached an informal agreement allowing traffic on the Boston Neck, provided that no firearms were carried. Residents of Boston turned in almost 2,000 muskets, and most of the Patriot residents left the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Chidsey53_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chidsey53-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a> who lived outside the city of Boston left their homes and fled into the city. Most of them felt that it was not safe to live outside of the city, because the Patriots were now in control of the countryside.<sup id="cite_ref-French228_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French228-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the men arriving in Boston joined Loyalist regiments attached to the British army.<sup id="cite_ref-French234_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French234-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The siege did not blockade the harbor and the city remained open for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> to bring in supplies from <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> and other places under <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Graves" title="Samuel Graves">Vice Admiral Samuel Graves</a>. Colonial forces could do little to stop these shipments due to the superiority of the British fleet. Nevertheless, American privateers were able to harass supply ships, and food prices rose quickly. Soon the shortages meant that the British forces were on short rations. Generally, the American forces were able to gather information about what was happening in the city from people escaping the privations of Boston, but General Gage had no effective intelligence of American activities.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough118_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough118-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_skirmishes">Early skirmishes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early skirmishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 3, the Massachusetts Provincial Congress authorized <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold" title="Benedict Arnold">Benedict Arnold</a> to raise forces for taking <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Fort Ticonderoga">Fort Ticonderoga</a> near the southern end of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain" title="Lake Champlain">Lake Champlain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a>, which was known to have heavy weapons and only lightly defended. Arnold arrived in <a href="/wiki/Castleton,_Vermont" title="Castleton, Vermont">Castleton, New Hampshire</a> on the 9th, where he joined with <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Allen" title="Ethan Allen">Ethan Allen</a> and a militia company from Connecticut, all of whom had independently arrived at the idea of taking Ticonderoga. This company <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Capture of Fort Ticonderoga">captured Fort Ticonderoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Crown_Point" title="Fort Crown Point">Fort Crown Point</a> under the joint leadership of Arnold and Allen. They also captured the one large military vessel on Lake Champlain in a raid on <a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint-Jean_(Quebec)" title="Fort Saint-Jean (Quebec)">Fort Saint-Jean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher318_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher318-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They recovered more than 180 cannons and other weaponry and supplies that the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> used to tighten their grip on Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-Chidsey60_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chidsey60-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Ticonderoga_1775.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Fort_Ticonderoga_1775.jpg/220px-Fort_Ticonderoga_1775.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Fort_Ticonderoga_1775.jpg/330px-Fort_Ticonderoga_1775.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Fort_Ticonderoga_1775.jpg/440px-Fort_Ticonderoga_1775.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption>An engraving depicting <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Allen" title="Ethan Allen">Ethan Allen</a> demanding the surrender of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Fort Ticonderoga">Fort Ticonderoga</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Boston lacked a regular supply of fresh meat, and many horses needed hay. On May 21, Gage ordered a party to go to <a href="/wiki/Grape_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Grape Island (Massachusetts)">Grape Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor" title="Boston Harbor">outer harbor</a> and bring hay to Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-French248_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French248-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Continentals on the mainland noticed this and called out the militia. As the British party arrived, they came under fire from the militia. The militia set fire to a barn on the island, destroying 80 tons of hay and preventing the British from taking more than three tons.<sup id="cite_ref-French248_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French248-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Continental forces worked to clear the harbor islands of livestock and supplies useful to the British. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> attempted to stop removal of livestock from some of the islands on May 27 in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chelsea_Creek" title="Battle of Chelsea Creek">Battle of Chelsea Creek</a>. The Americans resisted and the British <a href="/wiki/HMS_Diana_(1775)" title="HMS Diana (1775)">schooner <i>Diana</i></a> ran aground and was destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-French249_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French249-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gage issued a proclamation on June 12 offering to pardon all of those who would lay down their arms, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-French251_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French251-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this merely ignited anger among the Patriots, and more people began to take up arms.<sup id="cite_ref-French251_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French251-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breed's_Hill"><span id="Breed.27s_Hill"></span>Breed's Hill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Breed's Hill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">Battle of Bunker Hill</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bunker_Hill_by_Pyle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bunker_Hill_by_Pyle.jpg/220px-Bunker_Hill_by_Pyle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bunker_Hill_by_Pyle.jpg/330px-Bunker_Hill_by_Pyle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bunker_Hill_by_Pyle.jpg/440px-Bunker_Hill_by_Pyle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption><i>The Battle of Bunker Hill</i>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Pyle" title="Howard Pyle">Howard Pyle</a>, 1897</figcaption></figure> <p>The British had been receiving reinforcements throughout May until they reached a strength of about 6,000 men. On May 25, generals <a href="/wiki/William_Howe,_5th_Viscount_Howe" title="William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe">William Howe</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Burgoyne" title="John Burgoyne">John Burgoyne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clinton_(British_Army_officer,_born_1730)" title="Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)">Henry Clinton</a> arrived on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Cerberus_(1758)" title="HMS Cerberus (1758)">HMS <i>Cerberus</i></a>, and Gage began planning to break out of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-French249_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French249-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British plan was to fortify Bunker Hill and Dorchester Heights. They fixed the date for taking Dorchester Heights at June 18, but the colonists' <a href="/wiki/Committees_of_safety_(American_Revolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Committees of safety (American Revolution)">committee of safety</a> learned of the British plans on June 15. In response, they sent instructions to General Ward to fortify Bunker Hill and the heights of Charlestown, and he ordered Colonel <a href="/wiki/William_Prescott" title="William Prescott">William Prescott</a> to do so. On the night of June 16, Prescott led 1,200 men over the Charlestown Neck and constructed fortifications on Bunker Hill and Breed's Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-French255_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French255-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British forces under General Howe took the Charlestown peninsula on June 17 in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">Battle of Bunker Hill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-French288_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French288-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British succeeded in their tactical objective of taking the high ground on the Charlestown peninsula, but they suffered significant losses with some 1,000 men killed or wounded, including 92 officers killed. The British losses were so heavy that there were no further direct attacks on American forces.<sup id="cite_ref-French284_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French284-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Americans lost the battle but had again stood against the British regulars with some success, as they successfully repelled two assaults on Breed's Hill during the engagement.<sup id="cite_ref-French272_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French272-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stalemate">Stalemate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Stalemate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>General George Washington arrived at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a> on July 2. He set up his headquarters at the <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wadsworth#Wadsworth_House" title="Benjamin Wadsworth">Benjamin Wadsworth House</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and took command of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> the following day. By this time, forces and supplies were arriving, including four independent companies of riflemen (not part of any state line) from <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chidsey117_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chidsey117-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington began the work of molding the militias into an army, appointing senior officers (the militias had typically elected their leaders), and introducing more organization and disciplinary measures.<sup id="cite_ref-Chidsey113_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chidsey113-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Washington required officers of different ranks to wear differentiating apparel so that they might be distinguished from their underlings and superiors.<sup id="cite_ref-Chidsey112_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chidsey112-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 16, he moved his headquarters to the <a href="/wiki/Longfellow_House%E2%80%93Washington%27s_Headquarters_National_Historic_Site" title="Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site">John Vassall House</a> in Cambridge, that became well known as the home of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a>. Toward the end of July, about 2,000 riflemen arrived in units raised in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, Maryland, and Virginia by Congressional mandate.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The accuracy of the rifle was previously unknown in New England, and these forces were used to harass the besieged forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Frothingham227_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frothingham227-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washingtoncommandarmy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Washingtoncommandarmy.jpg/220px-Washingtoncommandarmy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Washingtoncommandarmy.jpg/330px-Washingtoncommandarmy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Washingtoncommandarmy.jpg/440px-Washingtoncommandarmy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3228" data-file-height="1870" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> taking command of the Army, 1775</figcaption></figure> <p>Washington also ordered the defenses to be improved, so the army dug trenches on Boston Neck and then extended toward Boston. However, these activities had little effect on the British occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The working parties were fired on from time to time, as were sentries guarding the works. The British pushed back an American advanced guard on July 30, and they burned a few houses in Roxbury.<sup id="cite_ref-French337_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French337-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An American rifleman was killed on August 2, and the British hung his body by the neck. In retaliation, American riflemen marched to the lines and began to attack the British troops. They continued their sharpshooting all day, killing and wounding many of the British while losing only one Patriot.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough39_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough39-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 30, the British made a surprise breakout from Boston Neck, set fire to a tavern, and withdrew to their defenses.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough39_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough39-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same night, 300 Americans attacked <a href="/wiki/Boston_Light" title="Boston Light">Lighthouse Island</a> and burned the lighthouse, killing several British soldiers and capturing 23, with the loss of only one American.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough39_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough39-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On another August night, Washington sent 1,200 men to dig entrenchments on a hill near the Charlestown Neck. Despite a British bombardment, the Americans successfully dug the trenches.<sup id="cite_ref-French311_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French311-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early September, Washington began drawing up plans for two moves: to dispatch 1,000 men from Boston to <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Invasion of Quebec (1775)">invade Quebec</a>, and to launch an attack on Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough50_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough50-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He felt that he could afford to send some troops to Quebec, as he had received intelligence from British deserters and American spies that the British had no intention of launching an attack from Boston until they were reinforced.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough51_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough51-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 11, about 1,100 troops under the command of <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold" title="Benedict Arnold">Benedict Arnold</a> <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold%27s_expedition_to_Quebec" title="Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec">left for Quebec</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SmithMarch57_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SmithMarch57-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington summoned a council of war and made a case for an amphibious assault on Boston by sending troops across <a href="/wiki/Back_Bay,_Boston" title="Back Bay, Boston">Back Bay</a> in flat-bottomed boats which could hold 50 men each.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough53_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough53-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believed that it would be extremely difficult to keep the men together when winter came. His war council unanimously rejected the plan, and the decision was not to attack "for the present at least".<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough53_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough53-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston,_1775bsmall1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Boston%2C_1775bsmall1.png/220px-Boston%2C_1775bsmall1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Boston%2C_1775bsmall1.png/330px-Boston%2C_1775bsmall1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Boston%2C_1775bsmall1.png/440px-Boston%2C_1775bsmall1.png 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption>The British defenses in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, 1775</figcaption></figure> <p>In early September, Washington authorized the appropriation and outfitting of local fishing vessels for intelligence-gathering and interdiction of supplies to the British. This activity was a precursor to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Navy" title="Continental Navy">Continental Navy</a>, which was established in the aftermath of the British <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Falmouth" title="Burning of Falmouth">Burning of Falmouth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland, Maine</a>. The provincial assemblies of Connecticut and Rhode Island began arming ships and authorized privateering.<sup id="cite_ref-French319_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French319-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early November, 400 British soldiers went to <a href="/wiki/Lechmere_Square" title="Lechmere Square">Lechmere's Point</a> on a raiding expedition to acquire some livestock. They made off with 10 head of cattle but lost two lives in the skirmish with colonial troops sent to defend the point.<sup id="cite_ref-French338_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French338-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frothingham267_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frothingham267-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 29, colonial Captain <a href="/wiki/John_Manley_(naval_officer)" title="John Manley (naval officer)">John Manley</a> commanding the schooner <a href="/wiki/USS_Lee_(1775)" title="USS Lee (1775)"><i>Lee</i></a> captured one of the most valuable prizes of the siege: the British brigantine <i>Nancy</i> just outside Boston Harbor. She was carrying a large supply of ordnance and military stores intended for the British troops in Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-Chidsey133_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chidsey133-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As winter approached, the Americans were so short of gunpowder that some of the soldiers were given spears instead of guns.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough60_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough60-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the American troops remained unpaid and many of their enlistments were set to expire at the end of the year. </p><p>Howe had replaced Gage in October as commander of the British forces, and was faced with different problems. Firewood was so scarce that British soldiers resorted to cutting down trees and tearing down wooden buildings, including the Old North Meeting House.<sup id="cite_ref-The_North_End_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_North_End-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city had become increasingly difficult because of winter storms and the rise in American privateers.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough60_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough60-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An improvised American war fleet of about 12 converted merchant ships captured 55 British ships over the course of the winter. Many of the captured ships had been carrying food and supplies to the British troops.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British troops were so hungry that many were ready to desert as soon as they could, and <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> had broken out in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough61_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough61-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington's army faced similar problems with smallpox, as soldiers from rural communities were exposed to the disease. He moved infected troops to a separate hospital, the only option available given the public stigma against inoculation.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Washington again proposed to assault Boston in October, but his officers thought it best to wait until the harbor had frozen over.<sup id="cite_ref-French330_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French330-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February, the water froze between Roxbury and Boston Common, and Washington thought that he would try an assault by rushing across the ice in spite of his shortage in powder; but his officers again advised against it. Washington's desire to launch an attack on Boston arose from his fear that his army would desert in the winter, and he knew that Howe could easily break the lines of his army in its present condition. He abandoned an attack across the ice with great reluctance in exchange for a more cautious plan of fortifying Dorchester Heights using cannon arrived from Fort Ticonderoga.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher1_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher1-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frothingham295_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frothingham295-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British major general, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clinton_(British_Army_officer,_born_1730)" title="Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)">Henry Clinton</a>, and a small fleet set sail for the Carolinas in mid-January with 1,500 men. Their objective was to join forces with additional troops arriving from Europe, and to take a port in the southern colonies for further military operations.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough78_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough78-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early February, a British raiding party crossed the ice and burned several farmhouses in Dorchester.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough86_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough86-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="End_of_the_siege">End of the siege</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: End of the siege"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Noble_train_of_artillery" title="Noble train of artillery">Noble train of artillery</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siegeofbostonartillery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Siegeofbostonartillery.jpg/220px-Siegeofbostonartillery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Siegeofbostonartillery.jpg/330px-Siegeofbostonartillery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Siegeofbostonartillery.jpg/440px-Siegeofbostonartillery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="1079" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Henry Knox</a> bringing his "noble train" of artillery to <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Between November 1775 and February 1776, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Henry Knox</a> and a team of engineers used sledges to retrieve 60 tons of heavy artillery that had been captured at Fort Ticonderoga, bringing them across the frozen <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut</a> rivers in a difficult, complex operation. They arrived back at Cambridge on January 24, 1776.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough84_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough84-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fortification_of_Dorchester_Heights">Fortification of Dorchester Heights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fortification of Dorchester Heights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fortification_of_Dorchester_Heights" title="Fortification of Dorchester Heights">Fortification of Dorchester Heights</a></div> <p>Some of the Ticonderoga cannons were of a size and range not previously available to the Americans. They were placed in fortifications around the city, and the Americans began to bombard the city on the night of March 2, 1776, to which the British responded with cannonades of their own.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough91_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough91-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American guns under the direction of Colonel Knox continued to exchange fire with the British until March 4. The exchange of fire did little damage to either side, although it did damage houses and kill some British soldiers in Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough92_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough92-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 5, Washington moved more of the Ticonderoga cannon and several thousand men overnight to occupy <a href="/wiki/Dorchester_Heights" title="Dorchester Heights">Dorchester Heights</a>, overlooking Boston. The ground was frozen, which made it impossible to dig trenches, so <a href="/wiki/Rufus_Putnam" title="Rufus Putnam">Rufus Putnam</a> developed a plan to fortify the heights using defenses made of heavy timbers and fascines.<sup id="cite_ref-Hubbard,_Robert_Ernest_pp._45-8_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubbard,_Robert_Ernest_pp._45-8-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were prefabricated out of sight of the British and brought in overnight.<sup id="cite_ref-Hubbard,_Robert_Ernest_pp._45-8_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubbard,_Robert_Ernest_pp._45-8-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General Howe is said to have exclaimed, "My God, these fellows have done more work in one night than I could make my army do in three months."<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough93_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough93-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hubbard,_Robert_Ernest_pp._45-8_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubbard,_Robert_Ernest_pp._45-8-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British fleet was within range of the American guns on Dorchester Heights, putting it and the troops in the city at risk.<sup id="cite_ref-Frothingham298_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frothingham298-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dorchester_Heights_Monument_-_DSC00769.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dorchester_Heights_Monument_-_DSC00769.JPG/220px-Dorchester_Heights_Monument_-_DSC00769.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dorchester_Heights_Monument_-_DSC00769.JPG/330px-Dorchester_Heights_Monument_-_DSC00769.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dorchester_Heights_Monument_-_DSC00769.JPG/440px-Dorchester_Heights_Monument_-_DSC00769.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Dorchester_Heights_Monument" title="Dorchester Heights Monument">Dorchester Heights Monument</a> stands on the spot where Putnam's fortifications were erected. The Americans held Boston for the rest of the war.</figcaption></figure> <p>The immediate response of the British was a two-hour cannon barrage at the heights, which had no effect because the British guns could not reach the American guns.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough94_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough94-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the failure of the barrage, Howe and his officers agreed that the colonists must be removed from the heights if they were to hold Boston. They planned an assault on the heights, but the attack never took place because of a storm, and the British elected instead to withdraw.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough95_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough95-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 8, some prominent Bostonians sent a letter to Washington, stating that the British would not destroy the town if they were allowed to depart unmolested. Washington formally rejected the letter, as it was not addressed to him by either name or title.<sup id="cite_ref-Frothinghame303_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frothinghame303-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the letter had the intended effect; when the evacuation began, there was no American fire to hinder the British departure. On March 9, the British saw movement on Nook's Hill in Dorchester and opened a massive artillery barrage that lasted all night. It killed four men with one cannonball, but that was all the damage that was done.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough99_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough99-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day, the colonists went out and collected the 700 cannonballs that had been fired at them.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough99_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough99-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evacuation">Evacuation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Evacuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 10, 1776, General Howe issued a proclamation ordering the inhabitants of Boston to give up all linen and woolen goods that could be used by the colonists to continue the war. Loyalist <a href="/wiki/Crean_Brush" title="Crean Brush">Crean Brush</a> was authorized to receive these goods, in return for which he gave certificates that were effectively worthless.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough104_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough104-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next week, the British fleet sat in Boston harbor waiting for favorable winds, while Loyalists and British soldiers were loaded onto the ships. During this time, American naval vessels outside the harbor successfully captured several British supply ships.<sup id="cite_ref-Frothingham308_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frothingham308-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 15, the wind became favorable for the British, but it turned against them before they could leave. On March 17, the wind once again turned favorable. The troops were authorized to burn the town if there were any disturbances while they were marching to their ships;<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough104_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough104-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they began to move out at 4:00 a.m. By 9:00 a.m., all ships were underway.<sup id="cite_ref-Frothingham309_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frothingham309-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fleet departing from Boston included 120 ships, with more than 11,000 people on board. Of those, 9,906 were British troops, 667 were women, and 553 were children.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough105_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough105-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_(Baker-48G).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29.jpg/220px-1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29.jpg/330px-1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29.jpg/440px-1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4632" data-file-height="2346" /></a><figcaption>Washington was awarded the first <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> in 1790 for his first victory of the war in Boston.</figcaption></figure> <p>Once the British fleet sailed away, the Americans moved to reclaim Boston and Charlestown. At first, they thought that the British were still on Bunker Hill, but it turned out that the British had left dummies in place.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough105_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough105-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, Artemas Ward led a troop of men into Boston who had already been exposed to smallpox, out of fear that others might be exposed who had no resistance to the disease. More of the colonial army entered on March 20, 1776, once the risk of disease was judged to be low.<sup id="cite_ref-Frothingham310_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frothingham310-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington had not hindered the British departure from the city by land, but he did not make their escape easy from the outer harbor. He directed Captain Manley to harass the departing British fleet, in which he had some success, capturing the ship carrying Crean Brush and his plunder, among other prizes.<sup id="cite_ref-French429_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French429-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General Howe left in his wake a small contingent of vessels whose primary purpose was to intercept any arriving British vessels. They redirected numerous ships to Halifax that were carrying British troops originally destined for Boston. Some unsuspecting British troop ships landed in Boston, only to fall into American hands.<sup id="cite_ref-French436_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French436-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British departure ended major military activities in the New England colonies. Washington feared that the British were going to attack New York City and so departed on April 4 with his army for <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, beginning the <a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough112_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough112-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are six units of the Army National Guard derived from American units that participated in the siege of Boston: 101st Eng Bn,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 125th MP Co,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 181st Inf,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 182nd Inf,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 197th FA,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 201st FA.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 30 units in the U.S. Army with <a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard_and_Active_Regular_Army_Units_with_Colonial_Roots" class="mw-redirect" title="Army National Guard and Active Regular Army Units with Colonial Roots">lineages</a> that go back to the colonial era. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg/250px-Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg/375px-Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg/500px-Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1987" /></a><figcaption><i>Surrender of General Burgoyne</i> at Saratoga, by <a href="/wiki/John_Trumbull" title="John Trumbull">John Trumbull</a></figcaption></figure> <p>"Had Sir William Howe fortified the hills round Boston, he could not have been disgracefully driven from it," wrote his replacement Sir Henry Clinton.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General Howe was severely criticized in the British press and Parliament for his failures in the Boston campaign, but he remained in command for another two years for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a>. General Gage never received another combat command. General Burgoyne saw action in the <a href="/wiki/Saratoga_campaign" title="Saratoga campaign">Saratoga campaign</a>, a disaster that resulted in the capture of Burgoyne and 7,500 troops under his command. General Clinton commanded the British forces in America for four years (1778–1782).<sup id="cite_ref-French437_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French437-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Massachusetts Loyalists left with the British when they evacuated Boston. Some went to England to rebuild lives there, and some returned to America after the war. Many went to <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">Saint John, New Brunswick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-French439_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French439-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the siege, Boston ceased to be a military target but continued to be a focal point for revolutionary activities, with its port acting as an important point for fitting ships of war and privateers. Its leading citizens had important roles in the development of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-French443_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French443-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boston and other area communities mark March 17 as <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(Massachusetts)" title="Evacuation Day (Massachusetts)">Evacuation Day</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War#Early_engagements" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War §Early Engagements</a>. The siege of Boston placed in sequence and strategic context.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gloucester_(1775)" title="Battle of Gloucester (1775)">Battle of Gloucester</a>, capture of British seamen attempting to enforce blockade in <a href="/wiki/Gloucester,_Massachusetts" title="Gloucester, Massachusetts">Gloucester</a> Harbor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Machias" title="Battle of Machias">Battle of Machias</a>, Boston-based ship captured in <a href="/wiki/Machias_Bay" title="Machias Bay">Machias Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_(Massachusetts)" title="Fort Washington (Massachusetts)">Fort Washington, Massachusetts</a>, surviving colonial position used during the siege</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_the_United_States#18th_century" title="List of conflicts in the United States">List of conflicts in the United States#18th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington%27s_Headquarters_during_the_Revolutionary_War" title="List of Washington's Headquarters during the Revolutionary War">List of Washington's Headquarters during the Revolutionary War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-McCullough25-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough25_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BritishCount-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BritishCount_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Frothingham">Frothingham</a>, p. 311 puts the military strength that evacuated Boston at 11,000. <a href="#Chidsey">Chidsey</a>, p. 5 puts the initial strength at 4,000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BHillRef-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BHillRef_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BHillRef_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">Battle of Bunker Hill</a> infobox for casualty details.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boatner10-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boatner10_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boatner10_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Boatner">Boatner</a>, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/siege-of-boston">"Siege of Boston – American Revolution – history.com"</a>. <i>history.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161222035518/http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/siege-of-boston">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.com&rft.atitle=Siege+of+Boston+%E2%80%93+American+Revolution+%E2%80%93+history.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Famerican-revolution%2Fsiege-of-boston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryan P. Randolph, <i>Betsy Ross: The American Flag, and Life in a Young America</i>, p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chidsey5-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chidsey5_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Chidsey">Chidsey</a>, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FrothinghamProvCong-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FrothinghamProvCong_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Frothingham">Frothingham</a>, pp. 35, 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frothingham7-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frothingham7_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Frothingham">Frothingham</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough7-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough7_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SeeLC-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SeeLC_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Battles of Lexington and Concord</a> for the full story.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frothingham100-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frothingham100_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frothingham100_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frothingham100_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Frothingham">Frothingham</a>, pp. 100–101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/George_Nafziger" title="George Nafziger">George Nafziger</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usacac.army.mil/sites/default/files/documents/carl/nafziger/775GAB.pdf">British Forces under Howe 16 July 1775</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307155948/https://usacac.army.mil/sites/default/files/documents/carl/nafziger/775GAB.pdf">Archived</a> March 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, United States Army Combined Arms Center.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Nafziger, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usacac.army.mil/sites/default/files/documents/carl/nafziger/775AAB.pdf">British North American Squadron 1 January 1775</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307155709/https://usacac.army.mil/sites/default/files/documents/carl/nafziger/775AAB.pdf">Archived</a> March 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, United States Army Combined Arms Center.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Nafziger, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usacac.army.mil/sites/default/files/documents/carl/nafziger/775HAA.pdf">American Army of the United Colonies August 1775</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307145109/https://usacac.army.mil/sites/default/files/documents/carl/nafziger/775HAA.pdf">Archived</a> March 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, United States Army Combined Arms Center.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough35-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough35_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harvey1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harvey1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Harvey">Harvey</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 236</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FrenchUndefended-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FrenchUndefended_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, pp. 126–128, 220</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chidsey53-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chidsey53_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Chidsey">Chidsey</a>, p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French228-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French228_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French234-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French234_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough118-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough118_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fisher318-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fisher318_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Fisher">Fisher</a>, pp. 318–321</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chidsey60-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chidsey60_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Chidsey">Chidsey</a>, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French248-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-French248_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-French248_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 248</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French249-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-French249_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-French249_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French251-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-French251_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-French251_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGageFlucker1775" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage" title="Thomas Gage">Gage, Thomas</a>; Flucker, Thomas, Secr'y (June 12, 1775). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=LCCN&searchArg=2016660912&searchType=1&permalink=y"><i>A proclamation whereas the infatuated multitudes, who have long suffered themselves to be conducted by certain well known incendiaries and traitors, in a fatal progression of crimes, against the constitutional authority of the state, have at length proceeded to avowed rebellion</i></a>. Boston, Massachusetts: Printer not identified. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbpe.0380170a/?st=text">1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220630213056/https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=LCCN&searchArg=2016660912&searchType=1&permalink=y">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+proclamation+whereas+the+infatuated+multitudes%2C+who+have+long+suffered+themselves+to+be+conducted+by+certain+well+known+incendiaries+and+traitors%2C+in+a+fatal+progression+of+crimes%2C+against+the+constitutional+authority+of+the+state%2C+have+at+length+proceeded+to+avowed+rebellion&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Printer+not+identified&rft.date=1775-06-12&rft.aulast=Gage&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Flucker%2C+Thomas%2C+Secr%27y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.loc.gov%2Fvwebv%2Fsearch%3FsearchCode%3DLCCN%26searchArg%3D2016660912%26searchType%3D1%26permalink%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Boston" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French255-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French255_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, pp. 255–258</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French288-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French288_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 288</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French284-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French284_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 284</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French272-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French272_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, pp. 272–273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mass.historicbuildingsct.com/?p=32">Benjamin Wadsworth House</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140416181637/http://mass.historicbuildingsct.com/?p=32">Archived</a> April 16, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from Historic Buildings of Massachusetts.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chidsey117-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chidsey117_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Chidsey">Chidsey</a>, p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hentz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://military-historians.org/company/journal/58-3/58-3.pdf">pp. 129–130</a> Daniel Morgan's company left the siege in mid-September to join Colonel Benedict Arnold’s task force of the <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold%27s_expedition_to_Quebec" title="Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec">Canadian campaign</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chidsey113-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chidsey113_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Chidsey">Chidsey</a>, p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chidsey112-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chidsey112_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Chidsey">Chidsey</a>, p. 112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ford (1905), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=002/lljc002.db&recNum=88&itemLink=r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00235))%230020090&linkText=1">pp. 89–90</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frothingham227-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frothingham227_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Frothingham">Frothingham</a>, pp. 227–228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French337-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French337_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 337</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough39-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCullough39_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCullough39_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCullough39_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French311-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French311_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 311</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough50-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough50_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough51-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough51_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SmithMarch57-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SmithMarch57_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#SmithMarch">Smith</a>, pp. 57–58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough53-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCullough53_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCullough53_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French319-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French319_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, pp. 319–320</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French338-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French338_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 338</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frothingham267-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frothingham267_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Frothingham">Frothingham</a>, p. 267</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chidsey133-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chidsey133_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Chidsey">Chidsey</a>, p. 133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough60-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCullough60_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCullough60_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_North_End-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_North_End_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson2019" class="citation book cs1">Atkinson, Rick (2019). "The Ways of Heaven are Dark and Intricate". <i>The British Are Coming</i>. New York: Henry Holt and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1250231321" title="Special:BookSources/978-1250231321"><bdi>978-1250231321</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ways+of+Heaven+are+Dark+and+Intricate&rft.btitle=The+British+Are+Coming&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1250231321&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough61-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough61_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ann M. Becker, "Smallpox in Washington's Army: Strategic Implications of the Disease During the American Revolutionary War, <i>The Journal of Military History,</i> Vol. 68 No. 2 (April 2004) 388</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French330-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French330_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 330</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fisher1-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fisher1_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Fisher">Fisher</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frothingham295-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frothingham295_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Frothingham">Frothingham</a>, pp. 295–296</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough78-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough78_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough86-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough86_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough84-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough84_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough91-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough91_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough92-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough92_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hubbard,_Robert_Ernest_pp._45-8-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hubbard,_Robert_Ernest_pp._45-8_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hubbard,_Robert_Ernest_pp._45-8_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hubbard,_Robert_Ernest_pp._45-8_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hubbard, Robert Ernest. <i>General Rufus Putnam: George Washington's Chief Military Engineer and the "Father of Ohio,"</i> pp. 45–48, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-7862-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-7862-7">978-1-4766-7862-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hubbard, Robert Ernest. <i>Major General Israel Putnam: Hero of the American Revolution,</i> pp. 158, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, 2017. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-6453-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-6453-8">978-1-4766-6453-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philbrick, Nathaniel. <i>Bunker Hill: A City, a Siege, a Revolution,</i> pp. 274–277, Viking Penguin, New York, 2013 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02544-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02544-2">978-0-670-02544-2</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livingston, William Farrand. <i>Israel Putnam: Pioneer, Ranger and Major General, 1718–1790,</i> pp. 269–270, G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London, 1901.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough93-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough93_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frothingham298-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frothingham298_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Frothingham">Frothingham</a>, pp. 298–299</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough94-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough94_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough95-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough95_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frothinghame303-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frothinghame303_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Frothingham">Frothingham</a>, pp. 303–304</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough99-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCullough99_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCullough99_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough104-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCullough104_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCullough104_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frothingham308-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frothingham308_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Frothingham">Frothingham</a>, p. 308</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frothingham309-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frothingham309_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Frothingham">Frothingham</a>, p. 309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough105-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCullough105_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCullough105_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frothingham310-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frothingham310_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Frothingham">Frothingham</a>, pp. 310–311</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French429-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French429_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 429</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French436-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French436_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, p. 436</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough112-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough112_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McCullough">McCullough</a>, p. 112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 101st Engineer Battalion</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141218191827/http://states.ng.mil/sites/MA/News/Pages/125th%20Quartermaster%20Company%20honored%20for%20storied%20lineage%20and%20service%20at%20Lexington%20and%20Concord.aspx">"Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 125th Quartermaster Company"</a>. <i>Massachusetts National Guard</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://states.ng.mil/sites/MA/News/Pages/125th%20Quartermaster%20Company%20honored%20for%20storied%20lineage%20and%20service%20at%20Lexington%20and%20Concord.aspx">the original</a> on December 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Massachusetts+National+Guard&rft.atitle=Department+of+the+Army%2C+Lineage+and+Honors%2C+125th+Quartermaster+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstates.ng.mil%2Fsites%2FMA%2FNews%2FPages%2F125th%2520Quartermaster%2520Company%2520honored%2520for%2520storied%2520lineage%2520and%2520service%2520at%2520Lexington%2520and%2520Concord.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 181st Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1981, pp. 354–355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 182nd Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1981, pp. 355–357.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 172nd Field Artillery and 197th Field Artillery. See also "Unit Histories: From Portsmouth Harbor to the Persian Gulf," New Hampshire Army National Guard Pamphlet 600-82-3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 201st Field Artillery.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fleming_(historian)" title="Thomas Fleming (historian)">Thomas Fleming</a>, <i>The Enigma of General Howe</i> (2017) p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French437-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French437_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, pp. 437–438</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French439-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French439_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, pp. 438–439</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French443-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French443_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#French">French</a>, pp. 441–443</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Allison, Robert J. "George Washington and the Siege of Boston." in <i>A Companion to George Washington</i> (2012): 137–152.</li> <li>Barbier, Brooke. <i>Boston in the American Revolution: A Town Versus an Empire</i> (Arcadia Publishing, 2017).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Boatner" class="citation book cs1">Boatner, Mark (1966). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam00boat"><i>The Encyclopedia of the American Revolution</i></a></span>. McKay. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8117-0578-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8117-0578-1"><bdi>0-8117-0578-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.pub=McKay&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=0-8117-0578-1&rft.aulast=Boatner&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofam00boat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Chidsey" class="citation book cs1">Chidsey, Donald Barr (1966). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/siegeofbostono00chid"><i>The Siege of Boston</i></a></span>. New York: Crown Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Siege+of+Boston&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Chidsey&rft.aufirst=Donald+Barr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsiegeofbostono00chid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Fisher" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Sydney George (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/struggleforamer00fishgoog"><i>The Struggle for American Independence</i></a>. J.B. Lippincott Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Struggle+for+American+Independence&rft.pub=J.B.+Lippincott+Company&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Sydney+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstruggleforamer00fishgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worthington_C._Ford" title="Worthington C. Ford">Ford, Worthington C.</a>, ed. (1905). <i>Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789</i>, v. 2. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. OCLC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/261514">261514</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="French" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Allen_French" title="Allen French">French, Allen</a> (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_PqZcY9z3Vn4C"><i>The Siege of Boston</i></a>. Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Siege+of+Boston&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_PqZcY9z3Vn4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Frothingham" class="citation book cs1">Frothingham Jr, Richard (1851). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu9BAAAAIAAJ"><i>History of the Siege of Boston and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill</i></a>. Little and Brown. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928123519/https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu9BAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Siege+of+Boston+and+of+the+Battles+of+Lexington%2C+Concord%2C+and+Bunker+Hill&rft.pub=Little+and+Brown&rft.date=1851&rft.aulast=Frothingham+Jr&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCu9BAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Harvey" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, Robert (2002). <i>A Few Bloody Noses: The Realities and Mythologies of the American Revolution</i>. Overlook Press. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58567-273-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-58567-273-4"><bdi>1-58567-273-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Few+Bloody+Noses%3A+The+Realities+and+Mythologies+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Overlook+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-58567-273-4&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hazelgrove, William. <i>Henry Knox's Noble Train: The Story of a Boston Bookseller's Heroic Expedition that Saved the American Revolution</i> (Rowman & Littlefield, 2020).</li> <li>Hentz, Tucker F. (2006). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://military-historians.org/company/journal/58-3/58-3.pdf">Unit history of the Maryland and Virginia Rifle Regiment (1776–1781): Insights from the service record of Capt. Adamson Tannehill</a>." <i>Military Collector & Historian</i> 58(3). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0026-3966">0026-3966</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="McCullough" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_McCullough" title="David McCullough">McCullough, David</a> (2005). <a href="/wiki/1776_(book)" title="1776 (book)"><i>1776</i></a>. Simon and Schuster Paperback. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-2672-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-2672-0"><bdi>0-7432-2672-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1776&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster+Paperback&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7432-2672-0&rft.aulast=McCullough&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Philbrick, Nathaniel. <i>Bunker Hill: A City, a Siege, a Revolution</i> (Random House, 2013).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Sawicki" class="citation book cs1">Sawicki, James A. (1981). <i>Infantry Regiments of the US Army</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dumfries,_VA" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumfries, VA">Dumfries, VA</a>: Wyvern Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9602404-3-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9602404-3-2"><bdi>978-0-9602404-3-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Infantry+Regiments+of+the+US+Army&rft.place=Dumfries%2C+VA&rft.pub=Wyvern+Publications&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-9602404-3-2&rft.aulast=Sawicki&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="SmithMarch" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Justin H (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arnoldsmarchfro02smitgoog"><i>Arnold's March from Cambridge to Quebec</i></a>. New York: G. P. Putnams Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arnold%27s+March+from+Cambridge+to+Quebec&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnams+Sons&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Justin+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farnoldsmarchfro02smitgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimothy_Newell1852" class="citation journal cs1">Timothy Newell (1852). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/s4collections01massuoft#page/n285/mode/2up">"A journal kept during the time yt Boston was shut up in 1775–6"</a>. <i>Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society</i>. <b>1</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Collections+of+the+Massachusetts+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=A+journal+kept+during+the+time+yt+Boston+was+shut+up+in+1775%E2%80%936&rft.volume=1&rft.date=1852&rft.au=Timothy+Newell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fs4collections01massuoft%23page%2Fn285%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Boston&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Siege_of_Boston" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Siege of Boston">Siege of Boston</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Revolutionary_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template talk:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Revolutionary_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Origins_of_the_American_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Origins of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">American Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of religion in the United States">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Englishmen" title="Rights of Englishmen">Rights of Englishmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_taxation_without_representation" title="No taxation without representation">No taxation without representation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Common_Sense" title="Common Sense">Common Sense</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_%2776_(sentiment)" title="Spirit of '76 (sentiment)">Spirit of '76</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_men_are_created_equal" title="All men are created equal">All men are created equal</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Life,_Liberty_and_the_pursuit_of_Happiness" title="Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness">Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">Expansionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism" title="Settler colonialism">Settler colonialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Royalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitt%E2%80%93Newcastle_ministry" title="Pitt–Newcastle ministry">Pitt–Newcastle ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bute_ministry" title="Bute ministry">Bute ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenville_ministry" title="Grenville ministry">Grenville ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Rockingham_ministry" title="First Rockingham ministry">First Rockingham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_ministry" title="Chatham ministry">Chatham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafton_ministry" title="Grafton ministry">Grafton ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_ministry" title="North ministry">North ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Rockingham_ministry" title="Second Rockingham ministry">Second Rockingham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelburne_ministry" title="Shelburne ministry">Shelburne ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox%E2%80%93North_coalition" title="Fox–North coalition">Fox–North coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Loyalist" title="Black Loyalist">Black Loyalist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related British<br />Acts of Parliament</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navigation_Acts" title="Navigation Acts">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Act" title="Iron Act">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molasses_Act" title="Molasses Act">Molasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763" title="Royal Proclamation of 1763">Royal Proclamation of 1763</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Act" title="Sugar Act">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_Act" title="Currency Act">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartering_Acts" title="Quartering Acts">Quartering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765" title="Stamp Act 1765">Stamp</a> up i.p.o</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaratory_Act" title="Declaratory Act">Declaratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townshend_Acts" title="Townshend Acts">Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Act" title="Tea Act">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Act" title="Quebec Act">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intolerable_Acts" title="Intolerable Acts">Intolerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciliatory_Resolution" title="Conciliatory Resolution">Conciliatory Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restraining_Acts_1775" title="Restraining Acts 1775">Restraining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Rebellion" title="Proclamation of Rebellion">Proclamation of Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibitory_Act" title="Prohibitory Act">Prohibitory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyal_Nine" title="Loyal Nine">Loyal Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Rights_and_Grievances" title="Declaration of Rights and Grievances">Declaration of Rights and Grievances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Liberty" title="Daughters of Liberty">Daughters of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty" title="Sons of Liberty">Sons of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Patriot" title="Black Patriot">Black Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_correspondence" title="Committees of correspondence">Committees of correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_safety_(American_Revolution)" title="Committee of safety (American Revolution)">Committees of safety</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_a_Farmer_in_Pennsylvania" title="Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania">Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Circular_Letter" title="Massachusetts Circular Letter">Massachusetts Circular Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Resolves" title="Suffolk Resolves">Suffolk Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minutemen" title="Minutemen">Minutemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Congress" title="Provincial Congress">Provincial Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Branch_Petition" title="Olive Branch Petition">Olive Branch Petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Causes_and_Necessity_of_Taking_Up_Arms" title="Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms">Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Secret_Correspondence" title="Committee of Secret Correspondence">Committee of Secret Correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Treaty" title="Model Treaty">Model Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Confederation Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Massacre" title="Boston Massacre">Boston Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_credit_crisis_of_1772%E2%80%931773" title="British credit crisis of 1772–1773">British credit crisis of 1772–1773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspee_affair" title="Gaspee affair">Gaspee affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_letters_affair" title="Hutchinson letters affair">Hutchinson letters affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Tea_Party" title="Philadelphia Tea Party">Philadelphia Tea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_Alarm" title="Powder Alarm">Powder Alarm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="*_Combatants_*_Campaigns_*_Theaters_*_Battles_*_Events_*_Colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Combatants</li> <li>Campaigns</li> <li>Theaters</li> <li>Battles</li> <li>Events</li> <li>Colonies</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Navy" title="Continental Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Marines" title="Continental Marines">Marines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army#Early_British_Empire" title="British Army">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy#1707–1815" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_American_Revolution#European_allies_of_Britain" title="Germans in the American Revolution">European allies of King George III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="France in the American Revolutionary War">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alliance_(1778)" title="Treaty of Alliance (1778)">Franco-American Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">Navy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderigue_Hortalez_and_Company" title="Roderigue Hortalez and Company">Hortalez et Cie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_American_Revolution#American_and_European_supporters_of_Congress" title="Germans in the American Revolution">German supporters of Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Campaigns and<br />theaters</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Invasion of Quebec (1775)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Nova Scotia in the American Revolution">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_campaign" title="Saratoga campaign">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_after_Saratoga" title="Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga">Northern after Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Western theater of the American Revolutionary War">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_battles_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War">Naval battles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Revolutionary_War_battles" title="List of American Revolutionary War battles">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Lexington and Concord</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Capture of Fort Ticonderoga">Capture of Fort Ticonderoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">Bunker Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Battle of Quebec (1775)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valcour_Island" title="Battle of Valcour Island">Valcour Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island" title="Battle of Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harlem_Heights" title="Battle of Harlem Heights">Harlem Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Washington" title="Battle of Fort Washington">Fort Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Ticonderoga_(1777)" title="Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777)">Siege of Fort Ticonderoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bennington" title="Battle of Bennington">Bennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Lucia" title="Battle of St. Lucia">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grenada" title="Battle of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stony_Point" title="Battle of Stony Point">Stony Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Savannah" title="Siege of Savannah">Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Great Siege of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1780)" title="Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1780)">Cape St. Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Charleston" title="Siege of Charleston">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Connecticut_Farms" title="Battle of Connecticut Farms">Connecticut Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Springfield" title="Battle of Springfield">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camden" title="Battle of Camden">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kings_Mountain" title="Battle of Kings Mountain">Kings Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cowpens" title="Battle of Cowpens">Cowpens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pensacola" title="Siege of Pensacola">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guilford_Court_House" title="Battle of Guilford Court House">Guilford Court House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochry%27s_Defeat" title="Lochry's Defeat">Lochry's Defeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chesapeake" title="Battle of the Chesapeake">Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Yorktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saintes" title="Battle of the Saintes">The Saintes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Peace_Conference" title="Staten Island Peace Conference">Staten Island Peace Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius#"First_Salute"" title="Sint Eustatius">"First Salute"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Washington's crossing of the Delaware River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-American_alliance" title="Franco-American alliance">Entry of France into war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Peace_Commission" title="Carlisle Peace Commission">Carlisle Peace Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Riots" title="Gordon Riots">Gordon Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line_Mutiny" title="Pennsylvania Line Mutiny">Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Sint_Eustatius" title="Capture of Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy" title="Newburgh Conspiracy">Newburgh Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Mutiny_of_1783" title="Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783">Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee%E2%80%93American_wars" title="Cherokee–American wars">Cherokee–American wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Dutch War">Fourth Anglo-Dutch War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second Anglo-Mysore War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Involvement <span class="nobold">(by <br />colony or location)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Rebel colonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Connecticut#The_American_Revolution_(1775–1789)" title="History of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Line" title="Delaware Line">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Georgia in the American Revolution">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Maryland in the American Revolution">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Massachusetts#Revolutionary_Massachusetts:_1760s–1780s" title="History of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Hampshire#Revolution:_1775–1815" title="History of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolution" title="New Jersey in the American Revolution">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="New York in the American Revolution">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Revolution#American_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina in the American Revolution">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Pennsylvania in the American Revolution">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_in_the_American_Revolution#Revolutionary_era_1775-1790" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhode Island in the American Revolution">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Revolution" title="South Carolina in the American Revolution">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Revolution#American_Revolution" title="Virginia in the American Revolution">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Loyal colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia#17th_and_18th_centuries" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">British</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariot_Arbuthnot" title="Mariot Arbuthnot">Arbuthnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brant" title="Joseph Brant">Brant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burgoyne" title="John Burgoyne">Burgoyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_of_Strachur" title="John Campbell, of Strachur">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Carleton,_1st_Baron_Dorchester" title="Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester">Carleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clinton_(British_Army_officer,_born_1730)" title="Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_of_Lovat" title="Simon Fraser of Lovat">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage" title="Thomas Gage">Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graves,_1st_Baron_Graves" title="Thomas Graves, 1st Baron Graves">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howe,_1st_Earl_Howe" title="Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe">Richard Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howe,_5th_Viscount_Howe" title="William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe">William Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Knyphausen" title="Wilhelm von Knyphausen">Knyphausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rodney,_1st_Baron_Rodney" title="George Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney">Rodney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">King George III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_Amherst,_1st_Baron_Amherst" title="Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barrington,_2nd_Viscount_Barrington" title="William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington">Barrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Germain,_1st_Viscount_Sackville" title="George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville">Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander,_Lord_Stirling" title="William Alexander, Lord Stirling">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Allen" title="Ethan Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold" title="Benedict Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(naval_officer)" title="John Barry (naval officer)">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Claghorn" title="George Claghorn">Claghorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Leb%C3%A8gue_Duportail" title="Louis Lebègue Duportail">Duportail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Gates" title="Horatio Gates">Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_Greene" title="Nathanael Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esek_Hopkins" title="Esek Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones" title="John Paul Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_de_Kalb" title="Johann de Kalb">de Kalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lee_(general)" title="Charles Lee (general)">Charles Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lincoln" title="Benjamin Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Mercer" title="Hugh Mercer">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Montgomery" title="Richard Montgomery">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Nicholson" title="Samuel Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Putnam" title="Israel Putnam">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben">von Steuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hanson" title="John Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Laurens" title="Henry Laurens">Laurens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Revere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">Witherspoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="French" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henri_Hector,_Count_of_Estaing" title="Charles Henri Hector, Count of Estaing">d'Estaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Paul_de_Grasse" title="François Joseph Paul de Grasse">de Grasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic,_comte_de_Guichen" title="Luc Urbain du Bouëxic, comte de Guichen">de Guichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-C%C3%A9sar_de_La_Luzerne" title="Anne-César de La Luzerne">Luzerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Donatien_de_Vimeur,_comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau">de Rochambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_de_Suffren" title="Pierre André de Suffren">Suffren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gravier,_comte_de_Vergennes" title="Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes">Vergennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Aftermath" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aftermath</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratification_Day_(United_States)" title="Ratification Day (United States)">Ratification Day (1784)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shays%27s_Rebellion" title="Shays's Rebellion">Shays's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="*_Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Related topics</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Prisoners of war in the American Revolutionary War">Prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_(submersible)" title="Turtle (submersible)">The <i>Turtle</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Tree" title="Liberty Tree">Liberty Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Doodle" title="Yankee Doodle">Yankee Doodle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Timeline of the American Revolution">Timeline of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_the_Revolutionary_War" title="African Americans in the Revolutionary War">African Americans in the Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogs_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Dogs in the American Revolutionary War">Dogs in the American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War">Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Women in the American Revolution">Women in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_costs_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Financial costs of the American Revolutionary War">Financial costs of the war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_currency_banknotes" title="Continental currency banknotes">Continental currency banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Currency_dollar_coin" title="Continental Currency dollar coin">Continental Currency dollar coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertas_Americana" title="Libertas Americana">Libertas Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Commemoration of the American Revolution">Commemoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of films about the American Revolution">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_series_and_miniseries_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of television series and miniseries about the American Revolution">television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plays_and_musicals_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of plays and musicals about the American Revolution">theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriots%27_Day" title="Patriots' Day">Patriots' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Pulaski_Memorial_Day" title="General Pulaski Memorial Day">Pulaski Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Birthday" title="Jefferson's Birthday">Jefferson's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Steuben_Day" title="Von Steuben Day">Von Steuben Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_American_Revolution_holidays" title="Minor American Revolution holidays">Minor holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Exposition" title="Centennial Exposition">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesquicentennial_Exposition" title="Sesquicentennial Exposition">Sesquicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">Bicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Semiquincentennial" title="United States Semiquincentennial">Semiquincentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Children of the American Revolution">Children of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Daughters of the American Revolution">Daughters of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Sons of the American Revolution">Sons of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Revolution" title="Sons of the Revolution">Sons of the Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Charters of Freedom Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Museum of the American Revolution">Museum of the American Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_Washington" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_Washington" title="Template:George Washington"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_Washington" title="Template talk:George Washington"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_Washington" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George Washington"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_Washington" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">1st</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1789–1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Senior Officer of the Army</a> (1798–1799)</li> <li>Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> (1775–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> (1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> (1774)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Revolutionary War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_French_and_Indian_War" title="George Washington in the French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jumonville_Glen" title="Battle of Jumonville Glen">Jumonville Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Necessity" title="Battle of Fort Necessity">Battle of Fort Necessity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Monongahela" title="Battle of the Monongahela">Battle of the Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Expedition" title="Forbes Expedition">Forbes Expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_American_Revolution" title="George Washington in the American Revolution">Washington in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Commander-in-chief, Continental Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_aides-de-camp" title="Washington's aides-de-camp">Aides-de-camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington%27s_Headquarters_during_the_Revolutionary_War" title="List of Washington's Headquarters during the Revolutionary War">Washington's headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_tent" title="George Washington's tent">office and sleeping tent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston campaign</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Siege of Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Delaware River crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Battle of Princeton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Battle of Monmouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Battles of Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culper_Ring" title="Culper Ring">Culper Spy Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy" title="Newburgh Conspiracy">Newburgh Conspiracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_letter" title="Newburgh letter">Newburgh letter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgill_Affair" title="Asgill Affair">Asgill Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_resignation_as_commander-in-chief" title="George Washington's resignation as commander-in-chief">Resignation as commander-in-chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badge_of_Military_Merit" title="Badge of Military Merit">Badge of Military Merit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Before_Boston_Medal" title="Washington Before Boston Medal">Washington Before Boston Medal</a></li> <li>Horses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_(horse)" title="Nelson (horse)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueskin_(horse)" title="Blueskin (horse)">Blueskin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Other U.S.<br />founding events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Resolves" title="Fairfax Resolves">Initiated, 1774 Fairfax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_in_Cases_of_Capture" title="Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture">Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Conference" title="Mount Vernon Conference">1785 Mount Vernon Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Chairman, 1787 Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_political_evolution" title="George Washington's political evolution">George Washington's political evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_Washington_presidency" title="Timeline of the George Washington presidency">timeline)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788–89 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="First inauguration of George Washington">First inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Inaugural_Bible" title="George Washington Inaugural Bible">inaugural bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="Second inauguration of George Washington">Second inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_reception_at_Trenton" title="George Washington's reception at Trenton">Reception at Trenton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. President (title)">Title of "Mr. President"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789" title="Judiciary Act of 1789">Judiciary Act of 1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_act_to_regulate_the_time_and_manner_of_administering_certain_oaths" title="An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths">Oath Administration Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonintercourse_Act" title="Nonintercourse Act">Nonintercourse Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Acts_of_1792" title="Militia Acts of 1792">Militia Acts of 1792</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_cornerstone_laying" title="United States Capitol cornerstone laying">United States Capitol cornerstone laying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Neutrality" title="Proclamation of Neutrality">Proclamation of Neutrality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrality_Act_of_1794" title="Neutrality Act of 1794">Neutrality Act of 1794</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinckney%27s_Treaty" title="Pinckney's Treaty">Pinckney's Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act_of_1794" title="Slave Trade Act of 1794">Slave Trade Act of 1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Proclamation" title="National Thanksgiving Proclamation">Thanksgiving Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Farewell_Address" title="George Washington's Farewell Address">Farewell Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1790_State_of_the_Union_Address" class="mw-redirect" title="1790 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address 1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1791_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1791 State of the Union Address">1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1792 State of the Union Address">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1793_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1793 State of the Union Address">1793</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1796 State of the Union Address">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington#Administration,_Cabinet_and_Supreme_Court_appointments" title="Presidency of George Washington">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_Washington" title="List of federal judges appointed by George Washington">Federal judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge_Supreme_Court_nominations" title="John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations">John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Views and<br />public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_W._Smith_National_Library_for_the_Study_of_George_Washington" title="Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington">Presidential library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Papers" title="The Washington Papers">The Washington Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_George_Washington" title="Religious views of George Washington">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_slavery" title="George Washington and slavery">Washington and slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Destroyer" title="Town Destroyer">Town Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_George_Washington" title="Legacy of George Washington">Legacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington#Early_life_(1732–1753)" title="George Washington">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Birthplace_National_Monument" title="George Washington Birthplace National Monument">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_Farm" title="Ferry Farm">Ferry Farm boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Fishery" title="George Washington's Fishery">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Gristmill" title="George Washington's Gristmill">Gristmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Rye_Whiskey" title="George Washington's Rye Whiskey">Whiskey distillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_(Alexandria,_Virginia)" title="Woodlawn (Alexandria, Virginia)">Woodlawn Plantation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longfellow_House%E2%80%93Washington%27s_Headquarters_National_Historic_Site" title="Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site">Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mansion" title="Ford Mansion">Ford Mansion, Washington's headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Headquarters_State_Historic_Site" title="Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site">Hasbrouck House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood_House" title="Samuel Osgood House">First Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">Second Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President's House (Philadelphia)">President's House, Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germantown_White_House" title="Germantown White House">Germantown White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Parke_Custis#Estate" title="Daniel Parke Custis">Custis estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_relations_with_the_Iroquois_Confederacy" title="George Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy">Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Company" title="Potomac Company">Potomac Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_River_and_Kanawha_Canal" title="James River and Kanawha Canal">James River and Kanawha Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Road_Lottery" title="Mountain Road Lottery">Mountain Road Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanks_of_Congress" title="Thanks of Congress">Thanks of Congress</a></li> <li>President General of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_College" title="Washington College">Washington College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_University" title="Washington and Lee University">Washington and Lee University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_Washington" title="Electoral history of George Washington">Electoral history of George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Post-presidency of George Washington">Post-presidency of George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_George_Washington" title="List of memorials to George Washington">Memorials</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">The Apotheosis of Washington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_State_Park" title="Washington Monument State Park">Washington Monument (Boonsboro, Maryland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)" title="Washington Monument (Baltimore)">Washington Monument (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Houdon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Houdon)"><i>George Washington</i> (Houdon)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(copy_of_bust_by_Houdon)" title="George Washington (copy of bust by Houdon)">plaster copy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Ceracchi)" title="George Washington (Ceracchi)"><i>George Washington</i> (Ceracchi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Canova)" title="George Washington (Canova)"><i>George Washington</i> (Canova)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Greenough)" title="George Washington (Greenough)"><i>George Washington</i> (Greenough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Trumbull)" title="George Washington (Trumbull)"><i>George Washington</i> (Trumbull)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_paintings)" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passage_of_the_Delaware" title="The Passage of the Delaware">The Passage of the Delaware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_at_Trenton" title="General George Washington at Trenton">General George Washington at Trenton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Verplanck%27s_Point" title="Washington at Verplanck's Point">Washington at Verplanck's Point</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_Resigning_His_Commission" title="General George Washington Resigning His Commission">General George Washington Resigning His Commission</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis" title="Surrender of Lord Cornwallis">Surrender of Lord Cornwallis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Portrait" title="Athenaeum Portrait">Unfinished portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_portrait" title="Lansdowne portrait">Lansdowne portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Family" title="The Washington Family">The Washington Family portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Princeton" title="Washington at Princeton"><i>Washington at Princeton</i> paintings</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_George_Washington_Taking_the_Salute_at_Trenton" title="Portrait of George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton">George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reception_to_Washington_on_April_21,_1789,_at_Trenton_on_his_way_to_New_York_to_Assume_the_Duties_of_the_Presidency_of_the_United_States" title="Reception to Washington on April 21, 1789, at Trenton on his way to New York to Assume the Duties of the Presidency of the United States">Reception at Trenton painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_George_Washington" title="List of statues of George Washington">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Battle_Monument" title="Trenton Battle Monument">Trenton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Battle_Monument" title="Princeton Battle Monument">Princeton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_View_(West)" title="Point of View (West)"><i>Point of View</i> sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_on_Horseback" title="George Washington on Horseback">George Washington on Horseback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of George Washington (Austin, Texas)">Austin statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bartholomew)" title="George Washington (Bartholomew)">Baltimore statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Boston)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Boston)">Boston statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Mexico_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of George Washington (Mexico City)">Mexico City statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Morristown,_New_Jersey)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Morristown, New Jersey)">Morristown statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Newark)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Newark)">Newark statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (New York City)">New York City statue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Wall_Street)" title="Statue of George Washington (Wall Street)">Wall Street statue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Paris)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Paris)">Paris statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Perth_Amboy,_New_Jersey)" title="Statue of George Washington (Perth Amboy, New Jersey)">Perth Amboy statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bailly)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington (Bailly)">Philadelphia statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Portland, Oregon)">Portland statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Washington_Circle)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Washington Circle)">Washington, D.C. statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(West_Point)" title="Washington Monument (West Point)">West Point monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial" title="George Washington Masonic National Memorial">Washington Masonic National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Parkway" title="George Washington Memorial Parkway">George Washington Memorial Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_Jefferson_National_Forests" title="George Washington and Jefferson National Forests">Washington and Jefferson National Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Arch" title="Washington Square Arch">Arch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Franklin_Issues" title="Washington–Franklin Issues">Washington–Franklin Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bicentennial_stamps_of_1932" title="Washington Bicentennial stamps of 1932">1932 bicentennial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_on_currency#George_Washington" title="List of presidents of the United States on currency">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_State_Quarters" class="mw-redirect" title="50 State Quarters">50 State Quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_and_United_States_Territories_quarters" title="District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters">D.C. and territories quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters" title="America the Beautiful quarters">America the Beautiful quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">American Women quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_Instructing_Youth" title="History Instructing Youth">History Instructing Youth dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">Washington dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_dollar" title="Lafayette dollar">Lafayette dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">Silver bullion coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_nickel" title="Washington nickel">Washington nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_half_eagle" title="George Washington half eagle">Washington half eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_250th_Anniversary_half_dollar" title="George Washington 250th Anniversary half dollar">250th Anniversary half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Anniversary_coins" title="Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins">Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington" title="Mount Washington">Mount Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">Cultural depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(miniseries)" title="George Washington (miniseries)"><i>George Washington</i> (1984 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_II:_The_Forging_of_a_Nation" title="George Washington II: The Forging of a Nation">1986 sequel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)"><i>A More Perfect Union</i> (1989 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crossing_(2000_film)" title="The Crossing (2000 film)"><i>The Crossing</i> (2000 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Fight_to_Be_Free" title="We Fight to Be Free"><i>We Fight to Be Free</i> (2006 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn:_Washington%27s_Spies" title="Turn: Washington's Spies"><i>Turn: Washington's Spies</i> (2014–2017 series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_War_that_Made_America" title="The War that Made America"><i>The War that Made America</i> (2006 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(miniseries)" title="Washington (miniseries)"><i>Washington</i> (2020 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)"><i>Hamilton</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(2020_film)" title="Hamilton (2020 film)">film</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_Washington" title="Bibliography of George Washington">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Washington_articles" title="List of George Washington articles">List of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Online" title="Founders Online">Founders Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_dynasty" title="Virginia dynasty">Virginia dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Washington_family" title="Coat of arms of the Washington family">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Locke_Weems#The_cherry-tree_anecdote" title="Mason Locke Weems">Cherry-tree anecdote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Farm#Washington_at_River_Farm" title="River Farm">River Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Crossing" title="Washington's Crossing">Washington's Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Rochambeau_Revolutionary_Route" title="Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route">Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_House_(Barbados)" title="George Washington House (Barbados)">1751 Barbados trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Armies" title="General of the Armies">General of the Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Foxhound" title="American Foxhound">American Foxhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross_flag" title="Betsy Ross flag">Betsy Ross flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Ladies%27_Association" title="Mount Vernon Ladies' Association">Mount Vernon Ladies' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Mansion_replicas" title="Mount Vernon Mansion replicas">Mount Vernon replicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Building" title="George Washington Memorial Building">George Washington Memorial Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_theft_of_George_Washington%27s_skull" title="Attempted theft of George Washington's skull">Attempted theft of Washington's skull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Washington_family" title="Washington family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parke_Custis" title="John Parke Custis">John Parke Custis</a> (stepson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Parke_Custis" title="George Washington Parke Custis">George Washington Parke Custis</a> (step-grandson, adopted son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Parke_Custis_Lewis" title="Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis">Eleanor Parke Custis</a> (step-granddaughter, adopted daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington" title="Augustine Washington">Augustine Washington</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ball_Washington" title="Mary Ball Washington">Mary Ball Washington</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1718%E2%80%931752)" title="Lawrence Washington (1718–1752)">Lawrence Washington</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington_Jr." title="Augustine Washington Jr.">Augustine Washington Jr.</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Washington_Lewis" title="Elizabeth Washington Lewis">Elizabeth Washington Lewis</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Washington" title="Samuel Washington">Samuel Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Augustine_Washington" title="John Augustine Washington">John A. Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Washington" title="Charles Washington">Charles Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1659%E2%80%931698)" title="Lawrence Washington (1659–1698)">Lawrence Washington</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Gale" title="Mildred Gale">Mildred Gale</a> (grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Washington" title="John Washington">John Washington</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reade_(colonial_governor)" title="George Reade (colonial governor)">George Reade</a> (2nd great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushrod_Washington" title="Bushrod Washington">Bushrod Washington</a> (nephew)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enslaved_people_of_Mount_Vernon" title="List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_(slave)" title="Betty (slave)">Betty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Branham" title="Caroline Branham">Caroline Branham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Costin" title="William Costin">William Costin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Johnson_(Mount_Vernon)" title="Sarah Johnson (Mount Vernon)">Sarah Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oney_Judge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oney Judge">Oney Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(valet)" title="William Lee (valet)">William Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Posey" title="Hercules Posey">Hercules Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sheels" title="Christopher Sheels">Christopher Sheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Squash" title="Deborah Squash">Deborah Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Washington" title="Harry Washington">Harry Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815128#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh95001968">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007539681705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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