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Cui","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WeihongCui?f_ri=48319","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23058695 coauthored" data-work_id="23058695" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23058695/Surfaces_of_Fluorinated_Pyridinium_Block_Copolymers_with_Enhanced_Antibacterial_Activity">Surfaces of Fluorinated Pyridinium Block Copolymers with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23058695" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b2ba36a8503a69839336a6daf7df5e43" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43561581,"asset_id":23058695,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69851658 coauthored" data-work_id="69851658" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69851658/The_effect_of_poly_ethylene_glycol_poly_d_l_lactic_acid_diblock_copolymers_on_peptide_acylation">The effect of poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(d,l-lactic acid) diblock copolymers on peptide acylation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The combination of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a biodegradable poly(ester), such as poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA), is an approach that has been successfully used for the stabilization of proteins and peptides in several biodegradable... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69851658" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The combination of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a biodegradable poly(ester), such as poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA), is an approach that has been successfully used for the stabilization of proteins and peptides in several biodegradable delivery devices. The acylation of peptides inside degrading PLA microspheres has been described only recently as another instability mechanism related to the accumulation of polymer degradation products inside eroding PLA. We investigated whether the block copolymerization of PLA with PEG reduces peptide acylation inside degrading microspheres. Diblock copolymers consisting of poly(D,L-lactic acid) covalently bound to poly(ethylene glycol)-monomethyl ether (Me.PEG-PLA) were used for these investigations. Human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was incorporated into microspheres manufactured from Me.PEG5-PLA45, a diblock copolymer with an overall PEG content of 10%. Peptide integrity inside the microspheres was monitored by HPLC-MS analysis during 4 weeks of microsphere degradation in isotonic phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C. Inside the degrading Me.PEG5-PLA45 microspheres, acylation products as well as an oxidation product of ANP were formed. The results demonstrate that the combination of PEG with PLA does not necessarily display a favorable effect concerning peptide acylation inside degrading polymer microspheres. However, they also suggested that the acylation reaction is mainly driven by the formation and accumulation of polymer degradation products inside the degrading microspheres.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69851658" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="213380731" href="https://unimi.academia.edu/AndreaGazzaniga">Andrea Gazzaniga</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="213380731" type="text/json">{"id":213380731,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Gazzaniga","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"AndreaGazzaniga","display_name":"Andrea Gazzaniga","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/AndreaGazzaniga?f_ri=48319","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-69851658">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-69851658"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabettaFustella">Elisabetta Fustella</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-69851658'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-69851658').html(); 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The acylation of peptides inside degrading PLA microspheres has been described only recently as another instability mechanism related to the accumulation of polymer degradation products inside eroding PLA. We investigated whether the block copolymerization of PLA with PEG reduces peptide acylation inside degrading microspheres. Diblock copolymers consisting of poly(D,L-lactic acid) covalently bound to poly(ethylene glycol)-monomethyl ether (Me.PEG-PLA) were used for these investigations. Human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was incorporated into microspheres manufactured from Me.PEG5-PLA45, a diblock copolymer with an overall PEG content of 10%. Peptide integrity inside the microspheres was monitored by HPLC-MS analysis during 4 weeks of microsphere degradation in isotonic phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C. Inside the degrading Me.PEG5-PLA45 microspheres, acylation products as well as an oxidation product of ANP were formed. The results demonstrate that the combination of PEG with PLA does not necessarily display a favorable effect concerning peptide acylation inside degrading polymer microspheres. However, they also suggested that the acylation reaction is mainly driven by the formation and accumulation of polymer degradation products inside the degrading microspheres.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":213380731,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Gazzaniga","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"AndreaGazzaniga","display_name":"Andrea Gazzaniga","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/AndreaGazzaniga?f_ri=48319","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":215651484,"first_name":"Elisabetta","last_name":"Fustella","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElisabettaFustella","display_name":"Elisabetta Fustella","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabettaFustella?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/215651484/74182836/62675453/s65_elisabetta.fustella.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical 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type="text/json">{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45677" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shear_bands">Shear bands</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45677" type="text/json">{"id":45677,"name":"Shear bands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shear_bands?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer">Block Copolymer</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="48319" type="text/json">{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70602469]'), work: {"id":70602469,"title":"Effect of crosslink density 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Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":2526,"name":"Polymer Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Chemistry?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=48319"},{"id":11301,"name":"Total Synthesis (Organic Chemistry)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Total_Synthesis_Organic_Chemistry_?f_ri=48319"},{"id":32909,"name":"Polymerization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerization?f_ri=48319"},{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319"},{"id":168760,"name":"Macromolecules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macromolecules?f_ri=48319"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL 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A","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrBennyCherianA?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/121396154/33453012/29804007/s65_dr._benny.cherian_a.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":845691,"name":"Reaction Mechanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Mechanism?f_ri=48319"},{"id":966213,"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journal_of_Applied_Polymer_Science?f_ri=48319"},{"id":1239690,"name":"Toughness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toughness?f_ri=48319"},{"id":1295917,"name":"Block Copolymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymers?f_ri=48319"},{"id":2218891,"name":"Impact Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impact_Resistance?f_ri=48319"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6310043" data-work_id="6310043" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6310043/Micellization_and_Clouding_Behavior_of_EO_PO_Block_Copolymer_in_Aqueous_Salt_Solutions">Micellization and Clouding Behavior of EO–PO Block Copolymer in Aqueous Salt Solutions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aqueous solution properties of polyethylene oxide–block-polypropylene oxide–block-polyethylene oxide TBP [(PEO)103(PPO)39(PEO)103] were studied in the presence of sodium salts with different anions (NaI, NaBr, NaCl, NaF, Na2SO4, Na3PO4)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6310043" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aqueous solution properties of polyethylene oxide–block-polypropylene oxide–block-polyethylene oxide TBP [(PEO)103(PPO)39(PEO)103] were studied in the presence of sodium salts with different anions (NaI, NaBr, NaCl, NaF, Na2SO4, Na3PO4) to investigate unimer-to-micelle transition [critical micelle concentration (CMC), critical micellization temperature (CMT)], micelle size and the phase separation (cloud point). This TBP, due to its very hydrophilic (80% PEO) nature does not form micelles at ambient temperatures. Micellization can be induced much below its CMT in water on addition of sodium salts having different anions. Analytical methods viz. fluorescence, FTIR and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to monitor the salt-induced micellization. The hydration of respective anion and resultant contribution to its salting-out effect was found to be the governing factor in promoting micellization. The presence of salt decreases the CMC, CMT and phase separation temperature. The salts affect the aggregation process in agreement with an order mentioned in Hofmeister series.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6310043" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="264d5bb21bcdd3c616805930304df8be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48921819,"asset_id":6310043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48921819/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjcyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9801392" href="https://ddu.academia.edu/BhaveshBharatiya">Bhavesh Bharatiya</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9801392" type="text/json">{"id":9801392,"first_name":"Bhavesh","last_name":"Bharatiya","domain_name":"ddu","page_name":"BhaveshBharatiya","display_name":"Bhavesh Bharatiya","profile_url":"https://ddu.academia.edu/BhaveshBharatiya?f_ri=48319","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6310043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6310043"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6310043, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6310043", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6310043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6310043; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6310043"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6310043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6310043"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6310043; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6310043]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6310043").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6310043").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6310043"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer">Block Copolymer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48319" type="text/json">{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48526" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surfactants">Surfactants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48526" type="text/json">{"id":48526,"name":"Surfactants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surfactants?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="142451" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamic_Light_Scattering">Dynamic Light Scattering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="142451" type="text/json">{"id":142451,"name":"Dynamic Light Scattering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamic_Light_Scattering?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="168695" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polypropylene">Polypropylene</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="168695" type="text/json">{"id":168695,"name":"Polypropylene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polypropylene?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6310043]'), work: {"id":6310043,"title":"Micellization and Clouding Behavior of EO–PO Block Copolymer in Aqueous Salt Solutions","created_at":"2014-03-06T01:41:52.796-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6310043/Micellization_and_Clouding_Behavior_of_EO_PO_Block_Copolymer_in_Aqueous_Salt_Solutions?f_ri=48319","dom_id":"work_6310043","summary":"Aqueous solution properties of polyethylene oxide–block-polypropylene oxide–block-polyethylene oxide TBP [(PEO)103(PPO)39(PEO)103] were studied in the presence of sodium salts with different anions (NaI, NaBr, NaCl, NaF, Na2SO4, Na3PO4) to investigate unimer-to-micelle transition [critical micelle concentration (CMC), critical micellization temperature (CMT)], micelle size and the phase separation (cloud point). This TBP, due to its very hydrophilic (80% PEO) nature does not form micelles at ambient temperatures. Micellization can be induced much below its CMT in water on addition of sodium salts having different anions. Analytical methods viz. fluorescence, FTIR and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to monitor the salt-induced micellization. The hydration of respective anion and resultant contribution to its salting-out effect was found to be the governing factor in promoting micellization. The presence of salt decreases the CMC, CMT and phase separation temperature. The salts affect the aggregation process in agreement with an order mentioned in Hofmeister series.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48921819,"asset_id":6310043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9801392,"first_name":"Bhavesh","last_name":"Bharatiya","domain_name":"ddu","page_name":"BhaveshBharatiya","display_name":"Bhavesh Bharatiya","profile_url":"https://ddu.academia.edu/BhaveshBharatiya?f_ri=48319","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":48526,"name":"Surfactants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surfactants?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":142451,"name":"Dynamic Light Scattering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamic_Light_Scattering?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":168695,"name":"Polypropylene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polypropylene?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":201297,"name":"Polyethylene oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyethylene_oxide?f_ri=48319"},{"id":330839,"name":"Analytical Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Method?f_ri=48319"},{"id":415784,"name":"Phase Separation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phase_Separation?f_ri=48319"},{"id":445981,"name":"Point Cloud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Point_Cloud?f_ri=48319"},{"id":477062,"name":"Ambient Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ambient_Temperature?f_ri=48319"},{"id":989646,"name":"Aqueous Solution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aqueous_Solution?f_ri=48319"},{"id":1451620,"name":"Critical Micelle Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Micelle_Concentration?f_ri=48319"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34284276" data-work_id="34284276" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34284276/Sertaconazole_HP%CE%B2CD_pluronic_F127_solid_inclusion_complexes_characterization_and_effect_on_drug_solubility">Sertaconazole-HPβCD-pluronic F127 solid inclusion complexes: characterization and effect on drug solubility</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34284276" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d92121763fb161c4105c4fa493baf5f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54190302,"asset_id":34284276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54190302/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjcyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60464164" href="https://independent.academia.edu/juandavidlopeztorres">juan david lopez torres</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60464164" type="text/json">{"id":60464164,"first_name":"juan david","last_name":"lopez torres","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"juandavidlopeztorres","display_name":"juan david lopez torres","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/juandavidlopeztorres?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60464164/17539940/17606016/s65_juan_david.lopez_torres.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34284276 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34284276"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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data-work-id="34284276"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34284276; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34284276]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34284276").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34284276").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34284276"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6156" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inclusion">Inclusion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6156" type="text/json">{"id":6156,"name":"Inclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inclusion?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9339" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raman_Spectroscopy">Raman Spectroscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9339" type="text/json">{"id":9339,"name":"Raman Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raman_Spectroscopy?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer">Block Copolymer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48319" type="text/json">{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56001" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_Rays">X Rays</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="56001" type="text/json">{"id":56001,"name":"X Rays","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_Rays?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34284276]'), work: {"id":34284276,"title":"Sertaconazole-HPβCD-pluronic F127 solid inclusion complexes: characterization and effect on drug solubility","created_at":"2017-08-20T14:05:33.696-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34284276/Sertaconazole_HP%CE%B2CD_pluronic_F127_solid_inclusion_complexes_characterization_and_effect_on_drug_solubility?f_ri=48319","dom_id":"work_34284276","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54190302,"asset_id":34284276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60464164,"first_name":"juan david","last_name":"lopez torres","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"juandavidlopeztorres","display_name":"juan david lopez torres","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/juandavidlopeztorres?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60464164/17539940/17606016/s65_juan_david.lopez_torres.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6156,"name":"Inclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inclusion?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":9339,"name":"Raman Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raman_Spectroscopy?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":56001,"name":"X Rays","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_Rays?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":78753,"name":"Differential scanning calorimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_scanning_calorimetry?f_ri=48319"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=48319"},{"id":756430,"name":"Critical micellar concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_micellar_concentration?f_ri=48319"},{"id":1139957,"name":"Drug Release","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Release?f_ri=48319"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7000805" data-work_id="7000805" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7000805/Synthesis_and_properties_of_new_block_copolymers_based_on_polydimethylsiloxane_and_tetraphenylethylene_containing_polyimide">Synthesis and properties of new block copolymers based on polydimethylsiloxane and tetraphenylethylene-containing polyimide</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">New polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-polyimide block copolymers were synthesized by the solution polycondensation of aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 1,1-bis(4-aminophenyl)-2,2-diphenylethylene, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7000805" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">New polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-polyimide block copolymers were synthesized by the solution polycondensation of aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 1,1-bis(4-aminophenyl)-2,2-diphenylethylene, and 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dithioanhydride in pyridine. New 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane (BADS)-based random copolyimides were also prepared. The inherent viscosities of all the random and block copolyimides were in the range of 0.13–0.90 dL/g in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. These copolymers were soluble in N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and m-cresol. All the BADS-based random copolymers and PDMS-containing copolymers with PDMS content above 42 wt % were soluble in tetrahydrofuran and chloroform. Transparent or somewhat cpaque films were prepared by casting from the reaction solutions. The BADS-based random copolyimides had one glass transition temperature (Tg) in the whole composition ranges, which showed single phase nature of the copolymers. On the other hand, the PDMS-polyimide block copolymers had double TgS, indicating phase-separated morphology. The block copolymers containing PDMS content above 73 wt % behaved like a high temperature elastomer. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7000805" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ef24b11644b6d2de534be2694dc2cf93" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48638033,"asset_id":7000805,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48638033/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjcyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11901218" href="https://titech.academia.edu/ShoichiNakata">Shoichi Nakata</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11901218" type="text/json">{"id":11901218,"first_name":"Shoichi","last_name":"Nakata","domain_name":"titech","page_name":"ShoichiNakata","display_name":"Shoichi Nakata","profile_url":"https://titech.academia.edu/ShoichiNakata?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11901218/9058102/10104720/s65_shoichi.nakata.jpg_oh_8758bb7ec4ea0a19a24e5c8d45c4206e_oe_55dc3e7f___gda___1440493822_292921953b14608c44b67bad762c8749"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7000805 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7000805"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7000805, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7000805", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7000805 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7000805; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7000805"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7000805 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7000805"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7000805; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7000805]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7000805").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7000805").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7000805"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering">Materials Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56" type="text/json">{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer">Block Copolymer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48319" type="text/json">{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer">Polymer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58527" type="text/json">{"id":58527,"name":"Polymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="205584" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility">Solubility</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="205584" type="text/json">{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7000805]'), work: {"id":7000805,"title":"Synthesis and properties of new block copolymers based on polydimethylsiloxane and tetraphenylethylene-containing polyimide","created_at":"2014-05-09T13:46:40.102-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7000805/Synthesis_and_properties_of_new_block_copolymers_based_on_polydimethylsiloxane_and_tetraphenylethylene_containing_polyimide?f_ri=48319","dom_id":"work_7000805","summary":"New polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-polyimide block copolymers were synthesized by the solution polycondensation of aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 1,1-bis(4-aminophenyl)-2,2-diphenylethylene, and 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dithioanhydride in pyridine. New 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane (BADS)-based random copolyimides were also prepared. The inherent viscosities of all the random and block copolyimides were in the range of 0.13–0.90 dL/g in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. These copolymers were soluble in N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and m-cresol. All the BADS-based random copolymers and PDMS-containing copolymers with PDMS content above 42 wt % were soluble in tetrahydrofuran and chloroform. Transparent or somewhat cpaque films were prepared by casting from the reaction solutions. The BADS-based random copolyimides had one glass transition temperature (Tg) in the whole composition ranges, which showed single phase nature of the copolymers. On the other hand, the PDMS-polyimide block copolymers had double TgS, indicating phase-separated morphology. The block copolymers containing PDMS content above 73 wt % behaved like a high temperature elastomer. © 1993 John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Inc.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48638033,"asset_id":7000805,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11901218,"first_name":"Shoichi","last_name":"Nakata","domain_name":"titech","page_name":"ShoichiNakata","display_name":"Shoichi Nakata","profile_url":"https://titech.academia.edu/ShoichiNakata?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11901218/9058102/10104720/s65_shoichi.nakata.jpg_oh_8758bb7ec4ea0a19a24e5c8d45c4206e_oe_55dc3e7f___gda___1440493822_292921953b14608c44b67bad762c8749"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":58527,"name":"Polymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48759339" data-work_id="48759339" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48759339/Improving_pigment_dispersing_in_powder_coatings_with_block_copolymer_dispersants">Improving pigment dispersing in powder coatings with block copolymer dispersants</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48759339" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="19faf9b3bf1d8d7ebc45dc0cf9f820e8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67208047,"asset_id":48759339,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67208047/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjcyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="152795926" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LavenJ">J Laven</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="152795926" type="text/json">{"id":152795926,"first_name":"J","last_name":"Laven","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LavenJ","display_name":"J Laven","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LavenJ?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/152795926/150921252/140505280/s65_j.laven.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48759339 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48759339"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48759339, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48759339", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48759339 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48759339; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48759339"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48759339 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48759339"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48759339; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48759339]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48759339").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48759339").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48759339"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2979" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing">Manufacturing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2979" type="text/json">{"id":2979,"name":"Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9351" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Analysis">Image Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9351" type="text/json">{"id":9351,"name":"Image Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Analysis?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10655" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy">Scanning Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10655" type="text/json">{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer">Block Copolymer</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="48319" type="text/json">{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48759339]'), work: {"id":48759339,"title":"Improving pigment dispersing in powder coatings with block copolymer dispersants","created_at":"2021-05-05T12:49:11.120-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48759339/Improving_pigment_dispersing_in_powder_coatings_with_block_copolymer_dispersants?f_ri=48319","dom_id":"work_48759339","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67208047,"asset_id":48759339,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":152795926,"first_name":"J","last_name":"Laven","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LavenJ","display_name":"J Laven","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LavenJ?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/152795926/150921252/140505280/s65_j.laven.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2979,"name":"Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":9351,"name":"Image Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Analysis?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":57608,"name":"Dispersion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dispersion?f_ri=48319"},{"id":126289,"name":"Digital Image Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Image_Analysis?f_ri=48319"},{"id":136801,"name":"Fabrication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fabrication?f_ri=48319"},{"id":144062,"name":"Pigments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pigments?f_ri=48319"},{"id":145891,"name":"Pigment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pigment?f_ri=48319"},{"id":307514,"name":"Surface and Coatings Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_and_Coatings_Technology?f_ri=48319"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=48319"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6507587" data-work_id="6507587" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6507587/Chitosan_and_Chitosan_Ethylene_Oxide_Propylene_Oxide_Block_Copolymer_Nanoparticles_as_Novel_Carriers_for_Proteins_and_Vaccines">Chitosan and Chitosan/Ethylene Oxide-Propylene Oxide Block Copolymer Nanoparticles as Novel Carriers for Proteins and Vaccines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between the components of novel chitosan (CS) and CS/ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer (PEO-PPO) nanoparticles and to evaluate their potential for the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6507587" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between the components of novel chitosan (CS) and CS/ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer (PEO-PPO) nanoparticles and to evaluate their potential for the association and controlled release of proteins and vaccines. Methods. The presence of PEO-PPO on the surface of the nanoparticles and its interaction with the CS was identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The mechanism of protein association was elucidated using several proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, and varying the formulation conditions (different pH values and concentrations of PEO-PPO), and the stage of protein incorporation into the nanoparticles formation medium. Results. BSA and tetanus and diphtheria toxoids were highly associated with CS nanoparticles partly due to electrostatic interactions between the carboxyl groups of the protein and the amine groups of CS. PEO-PPO also interacted electrostatically with CS, thus competing with the proteins for association with CS nanoparticles. A visible amount of PEO-PPO was projected towards the outer phase of the nanoparticles. Proteins were released from the nanoparticles at an almost constant rate, the intensity of which was closely related to the protein loading. Furthermore, the tetanus vaccine was released in the active form for at least 15 days. Conclusions. CS and CS/PEO-PPO nanoparticles prepared by a very mild ionic crosslinking technique are novel and suitable systems for the entrapment and controlled release of proteins and vaccines.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6507587" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc08cadff8536269545e913f4e434260" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48836324,"asset_id":6507587,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48836324/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjcyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10379063" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarmenRemu%C3%B1%C3%A1nL%C3%B3pez">Carmen Remuñán López</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10379063" type="text/json">{"id":10379063,"first_name":"Carmen","last_name":"Remuñán López","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CarmenRemuñánLópez","display_name":"Carmen Remuñán López","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarmenRemu%C3%B1%C3%A1nL%C3%B3pez?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10379063/4583673/5300689/s65_carmen.remu_n_l_pez.jpg_oh_3d0bb3319ab2bfead42c711d5c0a2109_oe_5492485a___gda___1419012184_e3db371aaaf4fd686af690f8b3079c97"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6507587 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6507587"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6507587, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6507587", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6507587]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6507587").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6507587").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6507587"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy">Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2184" type="text/json">{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4365" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccines">Vaccines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4365" type="text/json">{"id":4365,"name":"Vaccines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccines?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chitosan">Chitosan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9130" type="text/json">{"id":9130,"name":"Chitosan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chitosan?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer">Block Copolymer</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="48319" type="text/json">{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6507587]'), work: {"id":6507587,"title":"Chitosan and Chitosan/Ethylene Oxide-Propylene Oxide Block Copolymer Nanoparticles as Novel Carriers for Proteins and Vaccines","created_at":"2014-03-22T11:02:41.353-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6507587/Chitosan_and_Chitosan_Ethylene_Oxide_Propylene_Oxide_Block_Copolymer_Nanoparticles_as_Novel_Carriers_for_Proteins_and_Vaccines?f_ri=48319","dom_id":"work_6507587","summary":"Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between the components of novel chitosan (CS) and CS/ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer (PEO-PPO) nanoparticles and to evaluate their potential for the association and controlled release of proteins and vaccines. Methods. The presence of PEO-PPO on the surface of the nanoparticles and its interaction with the CS was identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The mechanism of protein association was elucidated using several proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, and varying the formulation conditions (different pH values and concentrations of PEO-PPO), and the stage of protein incorporation into the nanoparticles formation medium. Results. BSA and tetanus and diphtheria toxoids were highly associated with CS nanoparticles partly due to electrostatic interactions between the carboxyl groups of the protein and the amine groups of CS. PEO-PPO also interacted electrostatically with CS, thus competing with the proteins for association with CS nanoparticles. A visible amount of PEO-PPO was projected towards the outer phase of the nanoparticles. Proteins were released from the nanoparticles at an almost constant rate, the intensity of which was closely related to the protein loading. Furthermore, the tetanus vaccine was released in the active form for at least 15 days. Conclusions. CS and CS/PEO-PPO nanoparticles prepared by a very mild ionic crosslinking technique are novel and suitable systems for the entrapment and controlled release of proteins and vaccines.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48836324,"asset_id":6507587,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10379063,"first_name":"Carmen","last_name":"Remuñán López","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CarmenRemuñánLópez","display_name":"Carmen Remuñán López","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarmenRemu%C3%B1%C3%A1nL%C3%B3pez?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10379063/4583673/5300689/s65_carmen.remu_n_l_pez.jpg_oh_3d0bb3319ab2bfead42c711d5c0a2109_oe_5492485a___gda___1419012184_e3db371aaaf4fd686af690f8b3079c97"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2184,"name":"Electron 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Assembly","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Assembly?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer">Block Copolymer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48319" type="text/json">{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53201" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SEM">SEM</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53201" type="text/json">{"id":53201,"name":"SEM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SEM?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26962733]'), work: {"id":26962733,"title":"When emulsification meets self-assembly: The role of emulsification in directing block copolymer 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href="https://www.academia.edu/18952074/Kinetics_of_thermal_degradation_of_explosive_binders_Viton_A_Estane_and_Kel_F">Kinetics of thermal degradation of explosive binders Viton A, Estane, and Kel-F</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18952074" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="71052efa739d66e307de353fb7c71d9b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40347966,"asset_id":18952074,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button 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Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Kinetics?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":89805,"name":"Weight Loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Loss?f_ri=48319"},{"id":130616,"name":"Standard Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standard_Model?f_ri=48319"},{"id":147640,"name":"Activation Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activation_Energy?f_ri=48319"},{"id":317239,"name":"Thermal Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Analysis?f_ri=48319"},{"id":963709,"name":"Mass Loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Loss?f_ri=48319"},{"id":1442586,"name":"Non linear regression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_linear_regression?f_ri=48319"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 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Some monomers are more reactive; others less .Co-polymer behavior cannot be determined from homo-polymer behavior .Models proposed for copolymerizations.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29208648" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Co-polymerization reactions differ substantially from homo-polymerization. Some monomers are more reactive; others less<br />.Co-polymer behavior cannot be determined from homo-polymer behavior .Models proposed for copolymerizations. Reactivity ratios must be measured for each pair of monomers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29208648" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="97b1a1ee394cc3ee266de0263e859928" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49658919,"asset_id":29208648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49658919/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjczMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8100682" href="https://alex.academia.edu/AbdallahELGharbawy">Abdallah EL-Gharbawy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8100682" type="text/json">{"id":8100682,"first_name":"Abdallah","last_name":"EL-Gharbawy","domain_name":"alex","page_name":"AbdallahELGharbawy","display_name":"Abdallah EL-Gharbawy","profile_url":"https://alex.academia.edu/AbdallahELGharbawy?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8100682/3579804/66781824/s65_abdallah.el-gharbawy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29208648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29208648"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29208648, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29208648", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29208648]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29208648").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29208648").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29208648"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer">Block Copolymer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48319" type="text/json">{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1254567" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copolymers">Copolymers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1254567" type="text/json">{"id":1254567,"name":"Copolymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copolymers?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29208648]'), work: {"id":29208648,"title":"Reactivity ratio \u0026 Q-e scheme","created_at":"2016-10-17T02:32:47.818-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29208648/Reactivity_ratio_and_Q_e_scheme?f_ri=48319","dom_id":"work_29208648","summary":"Co-polymerization reactions differ substantially from homo-polymerization. Some monomers are more reactive; others less\n.Co-polymer behavior cannot be determined from homo-polymer behavior .Models proposed for copolymerizations. Reactivity ratios must be measured for each pair of monomers.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49658919,"asset_id":29208648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8100682,"first_name":"Abdallah","last_name":"EL-Gharbawy","domain_name":"alex","page_name":"AbdallahELGharbawy","display_name":"Abdallah EL-Gharbawy","profile_url":"https://alex.academia.edu/AbdallahELGharbawy?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8100682/3579804/66781824/s65_abdallah.el-gharbawy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":1254567,"name":"Copolymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copolymers?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24094352" data-work_id="24094352" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24094352/Combination_of_chemical_and_electron_impact_ionisation_with_GC_GC_qMS_for_characterization_of_fatty_alcohol_alkoxylate_polymers_in_the_low_molecular_weight_range_up_to_700_Da">Combination of chemical and electron-impact ionisation with GC×GC–qMS for characterization of fatty alcohol alkoxylate polymers in the low-molecular-weight range up to 700 Da</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24094352" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="560673c8db4f7ea66a516faec83708f5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44460819,"asset_id":24094352,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44460819/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjczMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46492114" href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/OliverSchmitz">Oliver Schmitz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46492114" type="text/json">{"id":46492114,"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Schmitz","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"OliverSchmitz","display_name":"Oliver Schmitz","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/OliverSchmitz?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46492114/169812028/159789432/s65_oliver.schmitz.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24094352 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24094352"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24094352, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24094352", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24094352 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer">Block Copolymer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48319" type="text/json">{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132569" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical">Analytical</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="132569" type="text/json">{"id":132569,"name":"Analytical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24094352]'), work: {"id":24094352,"title":"Combination of chemical and electron-impact ionisation with GC×GC–qMS for characterization of fatty alcohol alkoxylate polymers in the low-molecular-weight range up to 700 Da","created_at":"2016-04-05T22:35:12.722-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24094352/Combination_of_chemical_and_electron_impact_ionisation_with_GC_GC_qMS_for_characterization_of_fatty_alcohol_alkoxylate_polymers_in_the_low_molecular_weight_range_up_to_700_Da?f_ri=48319","dom_id":"work_24094352","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44460819,"asset_id":24094352,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46492114,"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Schmitz","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"OliverSchmitz","display_name":"Oliver Schmitz","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/OliverSchmitz?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46492114/169812028/159789432/s65_oliver.schmitz.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":132569,"name":"Analytical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=48319"},{"id":529560,"name":"Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography_mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=48319"},{"id":621932,"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_and_Bioanalytical_Chemistry?f_ri=48319"},{"id":780682,"name":"Electron Impact Ionization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Impact_Ionization?f_ri=48319"},{"id":1496706,"name":"Low molecular weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_molecular_weight?f_ri=48319"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7685463" data-work_id="7685463" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7685463/The_synthesis_of_organometallic_rod_coil_block_copolymers_from_polysilanes">The synthesis of organometallic rod-coil block copolymers from polysilanes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This mini-review gives a short summery of the chain-end chemistry of polysilanes, notably that leading to block copolymers. The anionic polymerisations of cyclotetrasilanes or ‘masked’ disilenes naturally lend themselves to the formation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7685463" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This mini-review gives a short summery of the chain-end chemistry of polysilanes, notably that leading to block copolymers. The anionic polymerisations of cyclotetrasilanes or ‘masked’ disilenes naturally lend themselves to the formation of polysilane-containing copolymers. A more robust, if less controlled, method results from the Wurtz-type reductive coupling reaction that yields polysilanes with silyl chloride chain-ends which are extremely sensitive to nucleophilic substitution. These may be used with appropriately functionalised polymers (such as polyisoprene or poly(ethylene oxide)) to prepare multiblock copolymers, or with functionalised groups designed as initiating centres for subsequent controlled reversible deactivation radical polymerisations (such as atom transfer radical polymerisation). Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7685463" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7efffc6f55c6dc9eaa25baa5d0413294" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48372116,"asset_id":7685463,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48372116/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjczMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13984950" href="https://kent.academia.edu/SimonHolder">Simon Holder</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13984950" type="text/json">{"id":13984950,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Holder","domain_name":"kent","page_name":"SimonHolder","display_name":"Simon Holder","profile_url":"https://kent.academia.edu/SimonHolder?f_ri=48319","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7685463 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7685463"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7685463, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7685463", }); 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The anionic polymerisations of cyclotetrasilanes or ‘masked’ disilenes naturally lend themselves to the formation of polysilane-containing copolymers. A more robust, if less controlled, method results from the Wurtz-type reductive coupling reaction that yields polysilanes with silyl chloride chain-ends which are extremely sensitive to nucleophilic substitution. These may be used with appropriately functionalised polymers (such as polyisoprene or poly(ethylene oxide)) to prepare multiblock copolymers, or with functionalised groups designed as initiating centres for subsequent controlled reversible deactivation radical polymerisations (such as atom transfer radical polymerisation). Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48372116,"asset_id":7685463,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13984950,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Holder","domain_name":"kent","page_name":"SimonHolder","display_name":"Simon Holder","profile_url":"https://kent.academia.edu/SimonHolder?f_ri=48319","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":58527,"name":"Polymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer?f_ri=48319"},{"id":124497,"name":"ATRP","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ATRP?f_ri=48319"},{"id":1246569,"name":"Anionic Polymerization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anionic_Polymerization?f_ri=48319"},{"id":1295917,"name":"Block Copolymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymers?f_ri=48319"},{"id":2201817,"name":"Polycondensation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polycondensation?f_ri=48319"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18029641 coauthored" data-work_id="18029641" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18029641/The_effects_of_Fentons_reagent_pretreatment_on_the_biodegradability_of_nonionic_surfactants">The effects of Fenton's reagent pretreatment on the biodegradability of nonionic surfactants</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The effectiveness of Fenton&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;s reagent pretreatment on the biodegradability of selected nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs), ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymers and a nonsurfactant compound... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18029641" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The effectiveness of Fenton&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;s reagent pretreatment on the biodegradability of selected nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs), ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymers and a nonsurfactant compound polypropylene glycol (PPG) was examined. Chemical oxidation kinetic studies were conducted that showed that the Fenton reaction was rapid at the base conditions used (approx. 1000mg/L COD, 1000mg/L H2O2, H2O2,/FeII molar ratio of unity) based on</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18029641" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2d46cd9bd18c1f10a923860b75efbb0b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42205172,"asset_id":18029641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42205172/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjczMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37964015" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CraigAdams10">Craig Adams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37964015" type="text/json">{"id":37964015,"first_name":"Craig","last_name":"Adams","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CraigAdams10","display_name":"Craig Adams","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CraigAdams10?f_ri=48319","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18029641">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18029641"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://umich.academia.edu/GlenDaigger">Glen Daigger</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-18029641'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-18029641').html(); 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Chemical oxidation kinetic studies were conducted that showed that the Fenton reaction was rapid at the base conditions used (approx. 1000mg/L COD, 1000mg/L H2O2, H2O2,/FeII molar ratio of unity) based on","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42205172,"asset_id":18029641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37964015,"first_name":"Craig","last_name":"Adams","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CraigAdams10","display_name":"Craig Adams","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CraigAdams10?f_ri=48319","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":43219439,"first_name":"Glen","last_name":"Daigger","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"GlenDaigger","display_name":"Glen Daigger","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/GlenDaigger?f_ri=48319","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43219439/11603043/12939270/s65_glen.daigger.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":16122,"name":"Activated Sludge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_Sludge?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=48319","nofollow":false},{"id":48319,"name":"Block Copolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Copolymer?f_ri=48319"},{"id":168695,"name":"Polypropylene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polypropylene?f_ri=48319"},{"id":213578,"name":"Nonylphenol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonylphenol?f_ri=48319"},{"id":486635,"name":"Dissolved Organic Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissolved_Organic_Carbon?f_ri=48319"},{"id":661887,"name":"Chemical Oxygen Demand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Oxygen_Demand?f_ri=48319"},{"id":955144,"name":"Sequencing Batch Reactor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequencing_Batch_Reactor?f_ri=48319"},{"id":1380581,"name":"Advanced Oxidation Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advanced_Oxidation_Process?f_ri=48319"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8313425" 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First, aluminum alkoxides mediated living ring opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic (di)esters, i.e., lactones, lactides, glycolide, is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4638756" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recent developments in the macromolecular engineering of aliphatic polyesters have been overviewed. First, aluminum alkoxides mediated living ring opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic (di)esters, i.e., lactones, lactides, glycolide, is introduced. An insight into this so-called “coordination-insertion” mechanism and the ability of this living polymerization process to prepare well-defined homopolymers, telechelic polymers, random and block copolymers is then discussed. In the second part, the combination of the living ROP of (di)lactones with other well-controlled polymerization mechanisms such as anionic, cationic, free radical, and metathesis polyadditions of unsaturated comonomers, as well as polycondensations, is reported with special emphasis on the design of new and well-tailored macromolecular architectures. As a result of the above synthetic breakthrough, a variety of novel materials have been developed with versatile applications in very different fields such as biomedical and microelectronics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4638756" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="285d2252194e356d6b0657a1e5530245" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49734991,"asset_id":4638756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49734991/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjczMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5867247" href="https://mines-nantes.academia.edu/PhilippeDubois">Philippe Dubois</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5867247" type="text/json">{"id":5867247,"first_name":"Philippe","last_name":"Dubois","domain_name":"mines-nantes","page_name":"PhilippeDubois","display_name":"Philippe Dubois","profile_url":"https://mines-nantes.academia.edu/PhilippeDubois?f_ri=48319","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4638756 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4638756"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4638756, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4638756", }); 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