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class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Greka alfabeto</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Lingvo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Lingvo </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> La greka alfabeto estas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfabeto">alfabeto</a>, per kiu la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greka lingvo">greka lingvo</a> estas skribata ekde la 9-a jarcento al 8-a jarcento a. K.<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Ĝi estiĝis el la konsonanta <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fenica_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fenica alfabeto">fenica alfabeto</a>,<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a> kaj tiele la grekoj adoptis la unuan kompletan alfabeton de la historio, komprenante ĝin kiel la skribmaniero kiu esprimas la unuopajn sonojn de la lingvo, tio estas, ke praktike al ĉiu vokalo kaj al ĉiu konsonanto respondas aparta <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simbolo">simbolo</a>. Ĝi estas la bazo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etruska_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etruska alfabeto">etruska</a> (el kiu estiĝis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latina alfabeto">latina</a>) kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cirila_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cirila alfabeto">cirila</a> alfabetoj.<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Ĝi estas la alfabeto de la nuna moderna <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greka lingvo">greka lingvo</a>. Sonvaloroj kaj konvenciaj transskriboj por kelkaj el la literoj diferencas inter la uzadoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antikva_greka_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antikva greka lingvo">antikva greka</a> kaj de la moderna greka, ĉar la prononco de greka estis ŝanĝinta signife grande inter la 5a jarcento a.K. kaj nuntempe. La moderna kaj la antikva grekaj uzas diversajn <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plurtona_greka_ortografio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plurtona greka ortografio">diakritajn signojn</a>. Plurtona ortografio, kiu estas uzata por antikva greka kaj foje por moderna greka, havas multajn diakritajn signojn: ekzemple, akcentajn markilojn por tonakcento, la spirajn markilojn por la esto kaj foresto de la sono <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto">/h/</a>, kaj la subskribitan joton por la historia sono <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto">/i/</a>. En norma moderna greka literumado, la ortografio estis simpligita al unutona sistemo, kiu uzas nur du diakritajn signojn: nome la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dekstra_korno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dekstra korno">dekstran kornon</a> kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tremao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tremao">tremaon</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg/220px-NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg/330px-NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg/440px-NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1398"></a> <figcaption> Arkaika greka alfabeto. Nacia Arkeologia Muzeo de Ateno. </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Griechisches_Stra%C3%9Fenschild.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Griechisches_Stra%C3%9Fenschild.JPG/200px-Griechisches_Stra%C3%9Fenschild.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Griechisches_Stra%25C3%259Fenschild.JPG/300px-Griechisches_Stra%25C3%259Fenschild.JPG 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Griechisches_Stra%25C3%259Fenschild.JPG/400px-Griechisches_Stra%25C3%259Fenschild.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1137" data-file-height="884"></a> <figcaption> Vojsigno kun urbonomoj en la greka. </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Wulfila_bibel.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wulfila_bibel.jpg/200px-Wulfila_bibel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wulfila_bibel.jpg/300px-Wulfila_bibel.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wulfila_bibel.jpg/400px-Wulfila_bibel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="880"></a> <figcaption> Paĝo el la Codex Argenteus <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ar%C4%9Denta_Libro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arĝenta Libro">Arĝenta Libro</a>, 6a-jarcenta biblia manuskripto en gota litertiparo. </figcaption> </figure> La grekaj literoj estas gravaj ankaŭ en modernaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scienco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scienco">sciencoj</a>: precipe, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logiko">logiko</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matematiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matematiko">matematiko</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiziko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiziko">fiziko</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronomio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astronomio">astronomio</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Informadiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Informadiko">informadiko</a>, en kiuj ili estas uzataj, ekzemple, kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Variablo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Variablo">variabloj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanto">konstantoj</a> kaj por indiki <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Operacio_(matematiko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operacio (matematiko)">operaciojn</a> (ekzemple, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adicio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adicio">adicion</a>). <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="eo" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Enhavo</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_literoj">1 La literoj</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_moderna_alfabeto">1.1 La moderna alfabeto</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_malaktualaj_literoj">1.2 La malaktualaj literoj</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Diakritikoj">1.3 Diakritikoj</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historio_de_diakritiko">1.4 Historio de diakritiko</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tabelo_de_signoj">1.5 Tabelo de signoj</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Minuskloj">1.5.1 Minuskloj</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Majuskloj">1.5.2 Majuskloj</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Anta%C5%ADa%C4%B5oj">2 Antaŭaĵoj</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Linia_B">2.1 Linia B</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Adapto_de_la_fenica">2.2 Adapto de la fenica</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Varia%C4%B5oj_de_la_alfabeto">3 Variaĵoj de la alfabeto</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Uzado_en_aliaj_lingvoj">4 Uzado en aliaj lingvoj</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Antikvaj_ekzemploj">4.1 Antikvaj ekzemploj</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kun_suplementaj_literoj">4.2 Kun suplementaj literoj</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pli_%C4%B5use">4.3 Pli ĵuse</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Derivitaj_alfabetoj">5 Derivitaj alfabetoj</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Latinigo">5.1 Latinigo</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Specifaj_uzoj">6 Specifaj uzoj</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#En_matematiko_kaj_scienco">6.1 En matematiko kaj scienco</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#En_astronomio">6.2 En astronomio</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto">6.3 Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vidu_anka%C5%AD">7 Vidu ankaŭ</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Referencoj">8 Referencoj</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografio">9 Bibliografio</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eksteraj_ligiloj">10 Eksteraj ligiloj</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="La_literoj">La literoj</h2> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: La literoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> La klasika greka alfabeto entenas 24 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Litero">literojn</a>, ordigitaj el la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfo">alfa</a> al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Omego?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Omego">omego</a>. Kiel ĉe la latina kaj ĉe la cirila, la greka alfabeto origine havis nur ununuran formon de ĉiu litero; ĝi disvolvigis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usklo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Usklo">usklan</a> distingon inter <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majusklo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Majusklo">majuskloj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minusklo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minusklo">minuskloj</a> paralele kun la latina dum la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moderna_epoko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moderna epoko">moderna epoko</a>. La grekaj literoj ĉiuj ankaŭ havas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grekaj_ciferoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grekaj ciferoj">ciferan signifon</a>. Antaŭ la klasika periodo estis uzataj sep pluaj literoj, kiuj – parte – daŭre estis uzataj kiel ciferoj. En la suba tabelo steleto montras la arĥaikajn literojn. En la kolumno nomo de la tabelo troviĝas tri kampoj: la malnovgreka nomo, la proksimuma Esperanta prononco kaj la plene <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esperanto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esperanto">esperantigita</a> nomo laŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plena_Manlibro_de_Esperanta_Gramatiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko">PMEG</a><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_moderna_alfabeto">La moderna alfabeto</h3> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: La moderna alfabeto" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <table class="prettytable"> <caption> La alfabeto de la moderna greka lingvo </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Ligilo</th> <th>Litero</th> <th colspan="3">Nomo</th> <th>Klasika prononco laŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto">IFA</a></th> <th>Nuntempa prononco</th> <th><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grekaj_ciferoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grekaj ciferoj">Numera valoro</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Α">Α</a></td> <td>Α α</td> <td>ἄλϕα</td> <td>ALfa</td> <td>alfo</td> <td>[a], [a:]</td> <td>[a]</td> <td align="RIGHT">1</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Β">Β</a></td> <td>Β β</td> <td>βῆτα</td> <td>BEta</td> <td>beto</td> <td>[b]</td> <td>[v]</td> <td align="RIGHT">2</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ">Γ</a></td> <td>Γ γ</td> <td>γάμμα</td> <td>GAma</td> <td>gamo</td> <td>[g]</td> <td>[ɣ] antaŭ /a/, /ɔ/ kaj /u/; [ʝ] antaŭ /i/ kaj /ɛ/</td> <td align="RIGHT">3</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ">Δ</a></td> <td>Δ δ</td> <td>δέλτα</td> <td>DELta</td> <td>delto</td> <td>[d]</td> <td>[ð] kiel en la angla this</td> <td align="RIGHT">4</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ε">Ε</a></td> <td>Ε ε</td> <td>ἒ ψιλόν</td> <td>e psilON</td> <td>epsilono</td> <td>[e] (mallonga "e" malvasta)</td> <td>[ɛ]</td> <td align="RIGHT">5</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ζ">Ζ</a></td> <td>Ζ ζ</td> <td>ζῆτα</td> <td>ZEta</td> <td>zeto</td> <td>[dz]; malfrue [z:]</td> <td>[z]</td> <td align="RIGHT">7</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Η">Η</a></td> <td>Η η</td> <td>ήτα</td> <td>Eta</td> <td>eto</td> <td>[ɛ:] (longa "e" vasta)</td> <td>[i]</td> <td align="RIGHT">8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Θ">Θ</a></td> <td>Θ θ</td> <td>θῆτα</td> <td>TEta</td> <td>teto</td> <td>[tʰ]; malfrue /θ/ kiel en la angla thin</td> <td>[θ] kiel en la angla thin</td> <td align="RIGHT">9</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ι">Ι</a></td> <td>Ι ι</td> <td>ἰῶτα</td> <td>IOta</td> <td>joto</td> <td>[i], [i:]</td> <td>[i]</td> <td align="RIGHT">10</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Κ">Κ</a></td> <td>Κ κ</td> <td>κάππα</td> <td>KApa</td> <td>kapo</td> <td>[k]</td> <td>[k]</td> <td align="RIGHT">20</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Λ">Λ</a></td> <td>Λ λ</td> <td>λάμβδα</td> <td>LAMB da</td> <td>lambdo</td> <td>[l]</td> <td>[l]</td> <td align="RIGHT">30</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Μ">Μ</a></td> <td>Μ μ</td> <td>μῦ</td> <td>mu</td> <td>muo</td> <td>[m]</td> <td>[m]</td> <td align="RIGHT">40</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ν">Ν</a></td> <td>Ν ν</td> <td>νῦ</td> <td>nu</td> <td>nuo</td> <td>[n]</td> <td>[n]</td> <td align="RIGHT">50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ξ">Ξ</a></td> <td>Ξ ξ</td> <td>ξῖ</td> <td>ksi</td> <td>ksio</td> <td>[ks]</td> <td>[ks]</td> <td align="RIGHT">60</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ο">Ο</a></td> <td>Ο ο</td> <td>ὂ μικρόν</td> <td>omikrON</td> <td>omikrono</td> <td>[o] malvasta kaj mallonga</td> <td>[ɔ]</td> <td align="RIGHT">70</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Π">Π</a></td> <td>Π π</td> <td>πῖ</td> <td>pi</td> <td>pio</td> <td>[p]</td> <td>[p]</td> <td align="RIGHT">80</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ρ">Ρ</a></td> <td>Ρ ρ</td> <td>ῥῶ</td> <td>ro</td> <td>roto</td> <td>[r]</td> <td>[ɾ]</td> <td align="RIGHT">100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Σ">Σ</a></td> <td>Σ σ/ς</td> <td>σίγμα/σῖγμα</td> <td>SIGma</td> <td>sigmo</td> <td>[s]</td> <td>[ss]</td> <td align="RIGHT">200</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Τ">Τ</a></td> <td>Τ τ</td> <td>ταῦ</td> <td>taŭ</td> <td>taŭo</td> <td>[t]</td> <td>[t]</td> <td align="RIGHT">300</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Υ">Υ</a></td> <td>Υ υ</td> <td>ὖ ψιλόν</td> <td>upsilON</td> <td>upsilono</td> <td>[y], [y:] (pli frue [u], [u:])</td> <td>[i]</td> <td align="RIGHT">400</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Φ">Φ</a></td> <td>Φ ϕ</td> <td>ϕῖ</td> <td>fi</td> <td>fio</td> <td>[pʰ] ("p" spira; malfrue /ϕ/, simila al "f" sendenta)</td> <td>[f]</td> <td align="RIGHT">500</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Χ">Χ</a></td> <td>Χ χ</td> <td>χῖ</td> <td>ĥi</td> <td>ĥio</td> <td>[kʰ] ("k" spira; malfrue /x/, "ĥ")</td> <td>[ç] antaŭ /i/ kaj /ɛ/, [x] antaŭ /a/ kaj /u/</td> <td align="RIGHT">600</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ψ">Ψ</a></td> <td>Ψ ψ</td> <td>ψῖ</td> <td>psi</td> <td>psio</td> <td>[ps]</td> <td>[ps]</td> <td align="RIGHT">700</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ω">Ω</a></td> <td>Ω ω</td> <td>ὦ μέγα</td> <td>O MEga</td> <td>omego</td> <td>[ɔ:] (longa "o" vasta)</td> <td>[ɔ]</td> <td align="RIGHT">800</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="prettytable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Literaj aroj</th> <th>Prononco</th> </tr> <tr> <td>αι</td> <td>[ɛ]</td> </tr> <tr> <td>αυ</td> <td>[af] (antaŭ κ, π, τ, χ, φ, θ, σ, ξ, ψ), [av] (antaŭ β, γ, δ, ζ, λ, μ, ν, ρ kaj vokaloj)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>γγ, γκ</td> <td>[g], [ŋɟ] vortmeze</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ει</td> <td>[i]</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ευ</td> <td>[ɛf] (antaŭ κ, π, τ, χ, φ, θ, σ, ξ, ψ), [ɛv] (antaŭ β, γ, δ, ζ, λ, μ, ν, ρ kaj vokaloj)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ηυ</td> <td>[if] (antaŭ κ, π, τ, χ, φ, θ, σ, ξ, ψ), [iv] (antaŭ β, γ, δ, ζ, λ, μ, ν, ρ kaj vokaloj)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>γι</td> <td>[ʝ]</td> </tr> <tr> <td>λι</td> <td>[ʎ] kiel en la itala aglio</td> </tr> <tr> <td>μπ</td> <td>[b], [mb] vortmeze</td> </tr> <tr> <td>νι</td> <td>[ɲ] kiel en la hispana español</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ντ</td> <td>[d], [nd] vortmeze</td> </tr> <tr> <td>οι</td> <td>[i]</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ου</td> <td>[u]</td> </tr> <tr> <td>τσ</td> <td>[ʦ]</td> </tr> <tr> <td>τζ</td> <td>[ʣ]</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_malaktualaj_literoj">La malaktualaj literoj</h3> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: La malaktualaj literoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <table class="prettytable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Ligilo</th> <th>Litero</th> <th colspan="3">Nomo</th> <th>Klasika prononco laŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IFA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="IFA">IFA</a></th> <th><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grekaj_ciferoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grekaj ciferoj">Numera valoro</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CF%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϝ">Ϝ</a></td> <td>Ϝ ϝ</td> <td>ϝαύ, δίγαμμα</td> <td>VAŬ, DIgama</td> <td>digamo</td> <td>[w]</td> <td align="RIGHT">6</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CF%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϛ">Ϛ</a></td> <td>Ϛ ϛ</td> <td>στίγμα</td> <td>STIGma</td> <td>stigmo</td> <td>[st]</td> <td align="RIGHT">6</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CD%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ͱ">Ͱ</a></td> <td>Ͱ ͱ</td> <td>ἧτα</td> <td>HEta</td> <td>heto</td> <td>[h]</td> <td align="RIGHT">–</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CF%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϻ">Ϻ</a></td> <td>Ϻ ϻ</td> <td>ϻάν</td> <td>san</td> <td>sano</td> <td>[s]</td> <td align="RIGHT">–</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CF%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϙ">Ϙ</a></td> <td>Ϟ ϟ</td> <td>ϙόππα</td> <td>KOpa</td> <td>kopo</td> <td>[q]</td> <td align="RIGHT">90</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CD%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ͳ">Ͳ</a></td> <td>Ϡ ϡ</td> <td>σάμπι</td> <td>SAMpi</td> <td>sampio</td> <td>[s:] (longa "s" vasta)</td> <td align="RIGHT">900</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CF%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϸ">Ϸ</a></td> <td>Ϸ ϸ</td> <td>–</td> <td>ŝo</td> <td>ŝo</td> <td>[ʃ]</td> <td align="RIGHT">–</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Diakritikoj">Diakritikoj</h3> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Diakritikoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8860200">.mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.5em;font-style:italic}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#202122;color:white;border:1px solid #333333}html.skin-theme-clientpref-light .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#F9F9F9;color:black;border:1px solid #AAAAAA}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#202122;color:white;border:1px solid #333333}}</style> <div class="cxefartikolo" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="57"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/18px-Loupe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/24px-Loupe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Pli detalaj informoj troveblas en artikolo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plurtona_greka_ortografio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plurtona greka ortografio">Plurtona greka ortografio</a>. </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Codex_Sinaiticus-small.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Codex_Sinaiticus-small.jpg/250px-Codex_Sinaiticus-small.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="238"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Codex_Sinaiticus-small.jpg/250px-Codex_Sinaiticus-small.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Codex_Sinaiticus-small.jpg/375px-Codex_Sinaiticus-small.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Codex_Sinaiticus-small.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patro_nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patro nia">Patro nia</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uncialo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uncialo">unciala</a> manuskripto de la 4-a jarcento nome <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sinaja_kodekso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sinaja kodekso">Codex Sinaiticus</a>, antaŭ la adopto de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minusklo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minusklo">minuskla</a> plurtoneco. Notu literumajn erarojn: elthatō ē basilia (ΕΛΘΑΤΩΗΒΑΣΙΛΙΑ) anstataŭ elthetō ē basileia (ΕΛΘΕΤΩ Η ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑ). </figcaption> </figure> La plurtona ortografio estas sistemo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Supersigno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Supersigno">supersignoj</a> kaj aliaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diakrita_signo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diakrita signo">diakritaj signoj</a>, evoluigitaj por la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antikva_greka_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antikva greka lingvo">antikva greka lingvo</a>. La greka nomo πολυτονικός (politonikós) laŭvorte signivas "plurtona" aŭ "multtona" (komparu la muzikan koncepton <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plurtonaleco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plurtonaleco">plurtonaleco</a>) kaj en lingva kunteksto signifas "enhavanta plurajn tonajn signojn". La plurtona greka ortografio dum la jaro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1982?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1982">1982</a> estis maluzigita fare de la parlamento de Grekio kaj anstataŭigita per la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unutona_greka_ortografio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unutona greka ortografio">unutona greka ortografio</a>. La plurtona ortografio ampleksigas la literojn de la baza greka alfabeto per sep diversaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diakrita_signo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diakrita signo">diakritaj signoj</a>, kiuj montras la prononcon de la vortoj laŭ la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antikva_greka_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antikva greka lingvo">antikva greka lingvo</a>. La signoj grupigeblas en tri signoj por la malsamaj tonaltecoj, en tri signoj por spir-sonoj, kaj du signoj por la laŭ la greka lingvohistorio mutiĝinta i-sono. <ol> <li>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dekstra_korno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dekstra korno">dekstra korno</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latine">latine</a> acutus, greke „ὀξεῖα“ („okseía“, akra akcento) montras "supreniran tonon".</li> <li>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maldekstra_korno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maldekstra korno">maldekstra korno</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latine">latine</a> gravis, greke „βαρεῖα“ („bareía“, peza akcento) montras la "subeniran tonon".</li> <li>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cirkumflekso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cirkumflekso">cirkumflekso</a> aŭ "ĉapelo", greke „περισπωμένη“ („perispōménē“, malrektigita akcento), montras "unue supren- kaj poste subeniran tonon".</li> <li>La spiritus asper (laŭ la latina lingvo), greke „δασεῖα“ („daseía“, raŭka spiro) montras, ke vorto komenciĝas per la sono "h".</li> <li>La spiritus lenis (same laŭ la latina lingvo), greke „ψιλή“ („psilé“, malpeza spiro) montras, ke vorto ne komenciĝas per la sono "h".</li> <li>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joto">joto</a> sublitera (latine iota subscriptum) uziĝas en kazo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minusklo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minusklo">minusklaj literoj</a>, kaj</li> <li>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joto">joto</a> apudlitera (latine iota adscriptum) uziĝas en kazo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majusklo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Majusklo">majusklaj literoj</a>.</li> </ol> La diversaj signoj preskaŭ ekskluzive uziĝas en kombino kun la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokalo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokalo">vokaloj</a>. La dekstraj kaj maldekstraj kornoj povas akompani ĉiujn vokalojn. La signo "spiritus asper" aldone povas akompani la literon <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roto_(litero)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roto (litero)">Roto</a>. La cirkumflekso aldoneblas al ĉiuj longaj vokaloj (do ekskluzive de la vokaloj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epsilono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Epsilono">Epsilono</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Omikrono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Omikrono">Omikrono</a>, kiuj ĉiam mallongas). La joto sublitera limiĝas al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfo">Alfo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eto_(litero)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eto (litero)">Eto</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Omego?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Omego">Omego</a>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Upsilono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upsilono">Upsilono</a> komence de vorto ĉiam akopaniĝas de "spiritus asper". Aldone la unuopaj diakritaj signoj inter si libere kombineblas, tial ke ekzemple ekzistas majuskla <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Eto">Eto</a> kun spiritus asper, maldekstra korno kaj joto apudlitera: ᾛ. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Historio_de_diakritiko">Historio de diakritiko</h3> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Historio de diakritiko" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> Por la sono "h" en la greka alfabeto origine ekzistis la sono <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eto_(litero)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eto (litero)">Heta</a>. En tiu formo la sono transpreniĝis en la praitalan kaj fine en la latinan alfabeton kaj ekestis la moderna latinlitera karaktro "h". Kiam tiu sono mutiĝis en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ionia_greka_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionia greka lingvo">ionia greka lingvo</a>, la litero transformiĝis de "Heta" al "Eta" kaj ricevis la funkcion reprezenti la sonon "ɛː". En tiu formo ĝi transpreniĝis en la grekan lingvon de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ateno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ateno">Ateno</a>, kie tamen la sono "h" ankoraŭ ekzistis. Tial parte la maldekstra parto de la Eto uziĝis por la sono. Pli poste el tio evoluis la "spiritus asper". La "spiritus lenis" aldoniĝis kiel grafika ekvivalento por "neniu h". Iujn jarcentojn pli poste aldoniĝis la signoj kornaj kaj cirkumfleksa. La joto sublitera evoluis el la mutiĝinta "joto". Dum la jarcentoj pli kaj pli malaperis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonologio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonologio">fonologia</a> karaktero de la greka alfabeto. La diakritaj signoj perdis sian son-difinajn signifojn. La sono "h" mutiĝis ĝenerale. Tamen la signoj en tekstoj de la moderna <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greka lingvo">greka lingvo</a> ankoraŭ tre longe konserviĝis. Kadre de ortografia reformo de la jaro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1982?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1982">1982</a> tamen ĉiuj diakritaj signoj estis forigitaj kaj anstataŭigitaj per unusola akcentindiko <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tonos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tonos">tonos</a> (τόνος, tónos). La diversaj skribaj formoj de la unuopaj sonoj (ι, η, υ, ει, οι kaj υι por la sono "i", ο kaj ω por la sono "ɔ" plus αι kaj ε por la sono "ɛ") tamen konserviĝis. En intertempa fazo (de la komenco de la 20-a jarcento ĝis la jaro 1982) la maldekstra korno parte anstataŭiĝis per dekstra korno, aparte en manskribitaj tekstoj, en la oficiala ortografio nur ekde la 1960-aj jaroj. La maldekstra korno ne plu menciiĝis en la elementaj lernejoj kaj la tajpiloj por la greka alfabeto ne havis klavon por tiu diakrita signo. Malgraŭ la enkonduko de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unutona_greka_ortografio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unutona greka ortografio">unutona greka ortografio</a> dum la jaro 1982 ekzistas eldonejoj kaj privatuloj, kiuj pro estetikaj aŭ tradiciismaj kialoj plu skribas laŭ la malnova plurtona ortografio (ekzemple la gazeto "Estia"), ofte per la simpligita sistemo sen maldekstra korno. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tabelo_de_signoj">Tabelo de signoj</h3> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Tabelo de signoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> Signoj sur griza fono estas praktike neekzistantaj. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Minuskloj"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minusklo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minusklo">Minuskloj</a></h4> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Minuskloj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <table class="prettytable"> <tbody> <tr style="vertical-align:bottom; border-top:3px double #999;"> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#FFDEAD" align="center">pura vokalo</td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#FFDEAD" align="center">vokalo kun ioto sublitera</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Alfo</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Epsilono</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Eto</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Ioto</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Omikrono</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Upsilono</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Omego</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Alfo</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Eto</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Omego</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Roto</th> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-top:3px double #999; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">baza vokalo</th> <td>α</td> <td>ε</td> <td>η</td> <td>ι</td> <td>ο</td> <td>υ</td> <td>ω</td> <td>ᾳ</td> <td>ῃ</td> <td>ῳ</td> <td>ρ</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">kun dekstra korno</th> <td>ά</td> <td>έ</td> <td>ή</td> <td>ί</td> <td>ό</td> <td>ύ</td> <td>ώ</td> <td>ᾴ</td> <td>ῄ</td> <td>ῴ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">kun maldekstra korno</th> <td>ὰ</td> <td>ὲ</td> <td>ὴ</td> <td>ὶ</td> <td>ὸ</td> <td>ὺ</td> <td>ὼ</td> <td>ᾲ</td> <td>ῂ</td> <td>ῲ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">kun cirkumflekso</th> <td>ᾶ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td>ῆ</td> <td>ῖ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td>ῦ</td> <td>ῶ</td> <td>ᾷ</td> <td>ῇ</td> <td>ῷ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">spiritus lenis</th> <td>ἀ</td> <td>ἐ</td> <td>ἠ</td> <td>ἰ</td> <td>ὀ</td> <td>ὐ</td> <td>ὠ</td> <td>ᾀ</td> <td>ᾐ</td> <td>ᾠ</td> <td>ῤ</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">spiritus asper</th> <td>ἁ</td> <td>ἑ</td> <td>ἡ</td> <td>ἱ</td> <td>ὁ</td> <td>ὑ</td> <td>ὡ</td> <td>ᾁ</td> <td>ᾑ</td> <td>ᾡ</td> <td>ῥ</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">spiritus lenis kaj dekstra korno</th> <td>ἄ</td> <td>ἔ</td> <td>ἤ</td> <td>ἴ</td> <td>ὄ</td> <td>ὔ</td> <td>ὤ</td> <td>ᾄ</td> <td>ᾔ</td> <td>ᾤ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">spiritus lenis kaj maldekstra korno</th> <td>ἂ</td> <td>ἒ</td> <td>ἢ</td> <td>ἲ</td> <td>ὂ</td> <td>ὒ</td> <td>ὢ</td> <td>ᾂ</td> <td>ᾒ</td> <td>ᾢ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">spiritus lenis kaj cirkumflekso</th> <td>ἆ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td>ἦ</td> <td>ἶ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td>ὖ</td> <td>ὦ</td> <td>ᾆ</td> <td>ᾖ</td> <td>ᾦ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">spiritus asper kaj dekstra korno</th> <td>ἅ</td> <td>ἕ</td> <td>ἥ</td> <td>ἵ</td> <td>ὅ</td> <td>ὕ</td> <td>ὥ</td> <td>ᾅ</td> <td>ᾕ</td> <td>ᾥ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">spiritus asper kaj maldekstra korno</th> <td>ἃ</td> <td>ἓ</td> <td>ἣ</td> <td>ἳ</td> <td>ὃ</td> <td>ὓ</td> <td>ὣ</td> <td>ᾃ</td> <td>ᾓ</td> <td>ᾣ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:3px double #999;"> <th style="text-align:centert;">spiritus asper kaj cirkumflekso</th> <td>ἇ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td>ἧ</td> <td>ἷ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td>ὗ</td> <td>ὧ</td> <td>ᾇ</td> <td>ᾗ</td> <td>ᾧ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Majuskloj"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majusklo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Majusklo">Majuskloj</a></h4> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Majuskloj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <table class="prettytable"> <tbody> <tr style="vertical-align:bottom; border-top:3px double #999;"> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#FFDEAD" align="center">pura vokalo</td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#FFDEAD" align="center">vokalo kun ioto apudskribita</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Alfo</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Epsilono</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Eto</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Ioto</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Omikrono</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Upsilono</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Omego</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Alfo</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Eto</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Omego</th> <th bgcolor="FFEBAD" align="center">Roto</th> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-top:3px double #999; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">baza vokalo</th> <td>Α</td> <td>Ε</td> <td>Η</td> <td>Ι</td> <td>Ο</td> <td>Υ</td> <td>Ω</td> <td>Αι</td> <td>Ηι</td> <td>Ωι</td> <td>Ρ</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">kun dekstra korno</th> <td>Ά</td> <td>Έ</td> <td>Ή</td> <td>Ί</td> <td>Ό</td> <td>Ύ</td> <td>Ώ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">kun maldekstra korno</th> <td>Ὰ</td> <td>Ὲ</td> <td>Ὴ</td> <td>Ὶ</td> <td>Ὸ</td> <td>Ὺ</td> <td>Ὼ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">kun cirkumflekso</th> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">spiritus lenis</th> <td>Ἀ</td> <td>Ἐ</td> <td>Ἠ</td> <td>Ἰ</td> <td>Ὀ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td>Ὠ</td> <td>Ἀι</td> <td>Ἠι</td> <td>Ὠι</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">spiritus asper</th> <td>Ἁ</td> <td>Ἑ</td> <td>Ἡ</td> <td>Ἱ</td> <td>Ὁ</td> <td>Ὑ</td> <td>Ὡ</td> <td>Ἁι</td> <td>Ἡι</td> <td>Ὡι</td> <td>Ῥ</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">spiritus lenis kaj dekstra korno</th> <td>Ἄ</td> <td>Ἔ</td> <td>Ἤ</td> <td>Ἴ</td> <td>Ὄ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td>Ὤ</td> <td>Ἄι</td> <td>Ἤι</td> <td>Ὤι</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">spiritus lenis kaj maldekstra korno</th> <td>Ἂ</td> <td>Ἒ</td> <td>Ἢ</td> <td>Ἲ</td> <td>Ὂ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td>Ὢ</td> <td>Ἂι</td> <td>Ἢι</td> <td>Ὢι</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">spiritus lenis kaj cirkumflekso</th> <td>Ἆ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td>Ἦ</td> <td>Ἶ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td>Ὦ</td> <td>Ἆι</td> <td>Ἦι</td> <td>Ὦι</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">spiritus asper kaj dekstra korno</th> <td>Ἅ</td> <td>Ἕ</td> <td>Ἥ</td> <td>Ἵ</td> <td>Ὅ</td> <td>Ὕ</td> <td>Ὥ</td> <td>Ἅι</td> <td>Ἥι</td> <td>Ὥι</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #999;"> <th style="text-align:center;">spiritus asper kaj maldekstra korno</th> <td>Ἃ</td> <td>Ἓ</td> <td>Ἣ</td> <td>Ἳ</td> <td>Ὃ</td> <td>Ὓ</td> <td>Ὣ</td> <td>Ἃι</td> <td>Ἣι</td> <td>Ὣι</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center; border-bottom:3px double #999;"> <th style="text-align:centert;">spiritus asper kaj cirkumflekso</th> <td>Ἇ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td>Ἧ</td> <td>Ἷ</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> <td>Ὗ</td> <td>Ὧ</td> <td>Ἇι</td> <td>Ἧι</td> <td>Ὧι</td> <td style="background-color:#D8D8D8"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Antaŭaĵoj">Antaŭaĵoj</h2> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Antaŭaĵoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Linia_B">Linia B</h3> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Linia B" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Linear_B_(Mycenaean_Greek)_NAMA_Tablette_7671.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Linear_B_%28Mycenaean_Greek%29_NAMA_Tablette_7671.jpg/300px-Linear_B_%28Mycenaean_Greek%29_NAMA_Tablette_7671.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="235" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="1440"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 235px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Linear_B_%28Mycenaean_Greek%29_NAMA_Tablette_7671.jpg/300px-Linear_B_%28Mycenaean_Greek%29_NAMA_Tablette_7671.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="235" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Linear_B_%28Mycenaean_Greek%29_NAMA_Tablette_7671.jpg/450px-Linear_B_%28Mycenaean_Greek%29_NAMA_Tablette_7671.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Linear_B_%28Mycenaean_Greek%29_NAMA_Tablette_7671.jpg/600px-Linear_B_%28Mycenaean_Greek%29_NAMA_Tablette_7671.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Skribaĵoj el <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mikeno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mikeno">Mikeno</a> en Linia B. </figcaption> </figure> Antaŭ la prilaborado de tiu alfabeto, la grekoj uzis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silabaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Silabaro">silabaron</a> por skribado, nomita sistemo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linia_skribo_B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linia skribo B">linia B</a>, uzita en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kreto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Kreto">Kreto</a> kaj zonoj de la kontinenta <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grekio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grekio">Grekio</a> kiel en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mikeno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mikeno">Mikeno</a> aŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piloso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piloso">Piloso</a> inter la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16-a_jarcento_a.K.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16-a jarcento a.K.">16-a</a> kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12-a_jarcento_a.K.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12-a jarcento a.K.">12-a jarcentoj a.K.</a> La fragmentoj konservitaj en linia B estas skribitaj en tio kio ŝajnas primitiva versio de la dialektoj arkadi-kipra kaj ioni-atika, nome dialekto nomita <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mikena_civilizo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mikena civilizo">mikena</a>. La linia B estis disvolvigita el antaŭa silabaro, nomita <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linia_skribo_A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linia skribo A">Linia A</a>, uzita por skribi la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minoa_civilizo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minoa civilizo">minoan</a>, nome lingvo parolita en Kreto antaŭ la invado de la insulo fare de la grko, kaj tiu ne reprezentas tute ĝuste la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonetiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonetiko">fonetikon</a> de la mikena dialekto. Tiu kaj aliaj tialoj kondukis al ties forlaso kaj al la disvolvigo de alfabeto tute nova. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Adapto_de_la_fenica">Adapto de la fenica</h3> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Adapto de la fenica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> Oni supozas, ke la greka alfabeto derivas el varianto de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fenica_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fenica alfabeto">fenica</a>, enkondukita en Grekio fare de komercistoj de tiu nacieco. La fenica, kiel la postaj ŝemidaj alfabetoj, ne uzis signojn por registri la vokalojn; por solvi tiun malfacilon, kiu faris ĝin nekompleta por la transskribo de la greka lingvo, la grekoj adaptis kelkajn signojn uzitajn en fenica por indiki aspiradon por reprezenti la vokalojn. Tiu aldono estas konsiderata fundamenta; la plej granda majoritato de la alfabetoj kiuj inkludas vokalajn signojn estas derivataj de la origina greka aldono. Krom la vokaloj, la greka aldonis tri novajn literojn fine de la alfabeto: nome la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Fi">fi</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Gi">gi</a>, por reprezenti aspiritajn sonojn kiuj ne ekzistis en fenica, kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ψ">psi</a>. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Alfabeto_griego_Times_New_Roman.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Alfabeto_griego_Times_New_Roman.svg/260px-Alfabeto_griego_Times_New_Roman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="427"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Alfabeto_griego_Times_New_Roman.svg/260px-Alfabeto_griego_Times_New_Roman.svg.png" data-width="260" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Alfabeto_griego_Times_New_Roman.svg/390px-Alfabeto_griego_Times_New_Roman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Alfabeto_griego_Times_New_Roman.svg/520px-Alfabeto_griego_Times_New_Roman.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Greka alfabeto kun tiparo Times New Roman. La diferencoj inter la grekaj literoj majuskloj kaj minuskloj rilatas al la uzitaj skribiloj. Origine, la majuskloj estis gravuritaj per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88izilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉizilo">ĉizilo</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martelo">martelo</a> sur ŝtono aŭ marmoro, kio malsimiligis ties trajtojn; la markiloj kiuj finigas tiujn trajtojn estis praktika kaj estetika solvo por tiu problemo. Aliflanke, la minuskloj aperis el la manskribado, kio estis farita per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kalamo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kalamo">kalamo</a> (plumoj) aŭ penikoj, kaj de tie ties trajtooj kaj ornamoj. </figcaption> </figure> Jam en klasika epoko kelkaj literoj malaperis el la alfabeto; nome la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digamma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digamma">digamma</a>, kiu estis adaptaĵo de la fenica ŭaŭ, estis uzita nur en kelkaj okcidentaj dialektoj, kaj malaperis antaŭ la klasika periodo; la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sano_(litero)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sano (litero)">san</a>, samsona kun la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sigma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigma">sigma</a>, estis anstataŭita per tiu lasta; la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qoppa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Qoppa">qoppa</a>, kiu estis adaptaĵo de la fenica 𐤒 "qop" kies sono —<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uvularo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uvularo">eksploduvularo</a>— ne ekzistis en la greka lingvo. En la regiono de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ionio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ionio">Ionio</a> oni disvolvigis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grekaj_ciferoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grekaj ciferoj">sistemon de numerado</a> en kiu ĉiu litero reprezentis po unu ciferon. La literoj jam ne plu uzitaj en la alfabeto (nome digamma, san kaj qoppa) plue estis konservitaj en la cifersistemo, kaj por kompletigi la serion de la centoj oni enkondukis la literon <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sampi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampi">sampi</a>. Tiuj literoj iĝis eksteruzaj multe antaŭ la disvolvigo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minusklo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minusklo">minuskla formo</a> de skribado; la minusklaj formoj de digamma, qoppa, san kaj sampi estas nur rekonstruaĵoj el manskribaj formoj de ties uzado por ciferigo. Kvankam ili kongruas kun tre fidindaj hipotezoj pri la uzado de la grafaĵo, ili estas nur parte bazitaj sur historia uzado; por la cifera valoro de digamma (6) estis multe pli ofta skribi la kombinon στ aŭ la ligitan formon Ϛ (nome <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CF%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϛ">stigma</a>). </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Variaĵoj_de_la_alfabeto">Variaĵoj de la alfabeto</h2> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Variaĵoj de la alfabeto" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Origine ekzistis variaĵntoj de la greka alfabeto, el kiuj la plej gravaj estis la okcidenta (kalcida) kaj la orienta (iona). La okcidenta originis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etruska_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etruska alfabeto">etruskan alfabeton</a> kaj de tie la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latina alfabeto">latinan alfabeton</a>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ateno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ateno">Ateno</a> adoptis en la jaro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-403?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="-403">403 a.n.e.</a> la orientan variaĵoj, kio tuj poste rezultis en la malapero de la ceteraj formoj ekzistintaj de la alfabeto. Jam por tiu epoko la grela lingvo estis adoptinta la skribmanieron de maldekstre dekstren, dum origine estis uzita la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tienreena_skribo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tienreena skribo">tienreena skribmaniero</a> (nome la alternado de linioj de maldekstre dekstren kun tiuj de dekstre maldekstren, tiel ke oni komencis linion el la flanko kie estis fininta la antaŭa linio, revertinte ĉiujn karaktrojn en tiu procezo). Situante la eblajn fontojn de la greka alfabeto kaj en antikva variaĵo nordŝemida kaj en fenica aŭ pra-kananida, tio reale plinoviganta de la greka alfabeto estas la enkonduko de la vokaloj. La unuaj vokaloj estis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Α">alfa</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epsilono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Epsilono">epsilono</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CE%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ι">iota</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Omikrono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Omikrono">omikrono</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Upsilono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upsilono">upsilono</a>. Se oni kontemplas la procezon de kreado de la greka alfabeto kiel rezulto de dinamika procezo bazita sur la adopto de variaj ŝemidaj alfabetoj, trafante eĉ influojn de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linia_B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Linia B">Linia B</a>, tra la tempopaso, oni povus havi pli kontentigan klarigon de ties deveno ol la teorioj kiuj postulas ununuran unikan adapton de difinita alfabeto en preciza epoko. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Uzado_en_aliaj_lingvoj">Uzado en aliaj lingvoj</h2> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Uzado en aliaj lingvoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> La greka alfabeto utilis ĉefe por skribi la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Greka">grekan lingvon</a>. Tamen, ankaŭ aliaj lingvoj laŭlonge de la jarcentoj uzis tiun alfabeton. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Antikvaj_ekzemploj">Antikvaj ekzemploj</h3> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Antikvaj ekzemploj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg/220px-MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="357"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 104px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg/220px-MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="104" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg/330px-MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg/440px-MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Parto (ĉirkaŭ 70%) de friga surskribo en la urbo de Midas. La skribaĵo diras: “ΒΑΒΑ: ΜΕΜΕϜΑΙΣ: ΠΡΟΙΤΑϜΟΣ: ΚΦΙJΑΝΑϜΕJΟΣ: ΣΙΚΕΝΕΜΑΝ: ΕΔΑΕΣ” (Baba, konsilisto, estro de Tjana, dediĉis tiun niĉon).<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> </figcaption> </figure> La plej parto de la alfabetoj da <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malgranda_Azio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Malgranda Azio">Malgranda Azio</a>, uzitaj inter la jaroj 800 kaj 300 a.n.e. por skribi lingvojn kiel la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lidio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lidio">lidia</a> aŭ la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Friga_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Friga lingvo">friga</a>, estas grekaj alfabetoj malmulte modifitaj.<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Same okazis ĉe <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balkanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkanio">kelkaj pra-balkanaj lingvoj</a>, kiel la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trakio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trakio">traka</a>. Por la najbaraj lingvoj, kiel por la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Makedona_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Makedona lingvo">antikva makedona</a>, oni trovis grekajn vortojn izolitaj, sed neniu sekva teksto. Ankaŭ kelkaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ga%C5%ADla_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaŭla lingvo">gaŭlaj</a> skribaĵoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Narbona Gaŭlio</a>, datitaj el la jaro 300 a.n.e., estas skribitaj en greka alfabeto. Le teksto en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebrea_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebrea lingvo">hebrea lingvo</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heksapla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heksapla">Heksapla</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Origeno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Origeno">Origeno</a> estis skribita helpe de grekaj literoj. Skribaĵo en antikva <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oseta_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oseta lingvo">oseta</a>, datita el la 10-a jarcento aŭ la 12-a jarcento, trovita en Arĥiz, uzis grakajn karaktrojn: fakte tiu estas la plej antikva konata skribaĵo en oseta. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kun_suplementaj_literoj">Kun suplementaj literoj</h3> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Kun suplementaj literoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> Pluraj alfabetoj estas en la bazo de la grekaj alfabetoj al kiuj oni aldonis suplementajn literojn: <ul> <li>La baktria alfabeto posedas unu suplementan literon: nome la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Co_(litero)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝo (litero)">ŝo</a>: tiu utilis por skribi la baktrian lingvon dum la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ku%C5%9Dana_imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuŝana imperio">kuŝana imperio</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/65?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="65">65</a>-<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/250?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="250">250</a>).</li> <li>En la hindi-grekaj statoj kaj laŭ la baktria modo, intelektuloj ĉu budhismaj ĉu proksimaj al la budhismo sed de greka kulturo<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a>, skribis tekstojn en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanskrito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanskrito">sanskrito</a> per la greka alfabeto heredita de la Baktrianoj.</li> <li>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kopta_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kopta alfabeto">kopta alfabeto</a> uzas ok pliajn literojn, derivitaj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demotika_skribo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demotika skribo">demotika egipta</a>. Ĝi estas ankoraŭ uzata en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egipto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Egipto">Egipto</a>, por skribi la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kopta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kopta">koptan</a>, sed la literoj estas plej ofte skribitaj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uncialo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uncialo">uncialo</a>, kio faras ilin tre diferencaj de la kutimaj grekaj literoj.</li> <li>La antikva nubia de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Makurio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Makurio">Makurio</a> (nuntempa <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudano">Sudano</a>) posedas tri literojn venitajn de la kopta alfabeto, du el kiuj derivitaj de la meroitika alfabeto kaj unu diagramon reprezentata per unu litero kombinanta du <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gamma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma">gamma</a>, por la sono [ŋ].</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pli_ĵuse">Pli ĵuse</h3> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Pli ĵuse" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <ul> <li>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kopta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kopta">kopta</a> plue uzas alfabeton derivitan de la greka.</li> <li>Popolo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turkoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turkoj">turkaj</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortodoksismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ortodoksismo">ortodoksismaj kristanoj</a> parolas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tjurka_lingvaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tjurka lingvaro">tjurkan lingvon</a> nomitan karamanlida, skribita foje helpe de greka alfabeto.</li> <li>La toska (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Albana">albana dialekto</a>), estis foje skribita per la greka alfabeto, el ĉirkaŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1500?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1500">1500</a><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a>. La presejo de Moskopolo publikigis en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18-a jarcento">18-a jarcento</a> plurajn albanlingvajn tekstojn uzante la grekan alfabeton. La arvanitika alfabeto estas uzata nun nur en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grekio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grekio">Grekio</a>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Geometria_Slavenski_Zemlemerie.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Geometria_Slavenski_Zemlemerie.jpg/220px-Geometria_Slavenski_Zemlemerie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="575"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 316px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Geometria_Slavenski_Zemlemerie.jpg/220px-Geometria_Slavenski_Zemlemerie.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="316" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Geometria_Slavenski_Zemlemerie.jpg/330px-Geometria_Slavenski_Zemlemerie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Geometria_Slavenski_Zemlemerie.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> La unua libro presita en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cirila_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cirila alfabeto">cirila alfabeto</a>. En tiu alfabeto oni miksas literojn devenajn el la latina alfabeto kun literoj devenaj el la greka alfabeto. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li>Pluraj dialektoj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudslava_lingvaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudslava lingvaro">sudslavaj</a>, similaj al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgara">bulgara</a> kaj al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macedonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonia">macedonia</a>, estis skribitaj per grekaj karaktroj. La nuntempaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudslava_lingvaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudslava lingvaro">sudslavaj lingvoj</a> uzas modifitan variaĵon de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cirila_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cirila alfabeto">cirila alfabeto</a>.</li> <li>Ankaŭ la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arumana_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arumana lingvo">arumana</a> estis skribita per greka alfabeto. Ne estas normo por la skribado de la rumana, sed la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latina alfabeto">latina alfabeto</a> ŝajnas plej uzita.</li> <li>Ankaŭ la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gagauza_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gagauza lingvo">gagauza lingvo</a>, nome <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tjurka_lingvaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tjurka lingvaro">tjurka lingvo</a> de nordorienta <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balkanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkanio">Balkanio</a> estis skribita per greka alfabeto, per ankaŭ per variaĵoj de la cirila.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Derivitaj_alfabetoj">Derivitaj alfabetoj</h2> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Derivitaj alfabetoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> La greka alfabeto naskis plurajn aliajn <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfabeto">alfabetojn</a> nome la jenaj<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-blackwell-11">[11]</a>: <ul> <li>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latina alfabeto">latina alfabeto</a>, per okcidenta variaĵo de la greka alfabeto.</li> <li>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gota_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gota alfabeto">gota alfabeto</a>, kreita dum la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malfrua_Antikveco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malfrua Antikveco">Malfrua Antikveco</a> por skribi la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gota?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gota">gotan</a>.</li> <li>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glagolita_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolita alfabeto">glagolita alfabeto</a>, kiu utilis por skribi la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slava_lingvaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slava lingvaro">slavajn lingvojn</a>.</li> <li>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cirila_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cirila alfabeto">cirila alfabeto</a>, kiu anstataŭis la glagolitan.</li> </ul> La greka alfabeto estas ankaŭ konsiderata ebla antaŭaĵo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armena_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armena alfabeto">armena alfabeto</a>, kaj ĝi same influis super la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kartvela_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kartvela alfabeto">kartvela alfabeto</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Latinigo">Latinigo</h3> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Latinigo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8860200"> <div class="cxefartikolo" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="57"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/18px-Loupe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/24px-Loupe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Pli detalaj informoj troveblas en artikolo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinigo_de_greka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinigo de greka">Latinigo de greka</a>. </div> Estas multaj diferencaj metodoj literumadi greklingvajn tekstojn aŭ grekajn nomojn en latina alfabeto.<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999499%E2%80%93511-12">[12]</a> La formo en kiu klasikgrekaj nomoj estas konvencie konvertitaj en latinalfabetaj lingvoj datas reen el la maniero laŭ kiu greklingvaj pruntovortoj estis aligitaj al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino">Latino</a> en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antikveco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antikveco">Antikveco</a>.<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999499%E2%80%93502-13">[13]</a> En tiu sistemo, la [κ] estis anstataŭita per [c], la diftongoj [αι] kaj [οι] estis ŝanĝitaj al [ae] kaj [oe] (aŭ [æ,œ] respektive; kaj [ει] kaj [ου] estis simpligitaj al [i] kaj [u] respektive.<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999499%E2%80%93502,_510%E2%80%93511-14">[14]</a> Markiloj de milda spirado estas kutime preteratentitaj kaj markiloj de malmilda spirado estas kutime anstataŭitaj per la litero [h].<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999499%E2%80%93502,_509-15">[15]</a> En nuntempa transliterumado de la antikva greka fare de fakuloj, [κ] estis kutime anstataŭita per [k], kaj la vokalkombinoj [αι], [οι], [ει], [ου] kiel ai, oi, ei, ou respektive.<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999499%E2%80%93511-12">[12]</a> La literoj [θ] kaj [φ] estas ĝenerale anstataŭitaj per [th] kaj [ph] aŭ [f] en Esperanto respektive; [χ] kiel [ch], [kh] aŭ en Esperanto kiel [ĥ]; kaj la iniciala [ρ] kiel [rh] aŭ simple per [r] en Esperanto.<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999510%E2%80%93511-16">[16]</a> Estas ankaŭ multaj diferencaj metodoj literumadi tekstojn de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moderna_greka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moderna greka">Moderna greka</a>.<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999505%E2%80%93507,_510%E2%80%93511-17">[17]</a> Tiuj ege diferencas, depende de la celo, pri kiel proksime ili estas al la konvenciaj literkorespondado kun la transskribsistemoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antikva_greka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antikva greka">antikva greka</a>, kaj je kiu grado oni intencas ĉu precizan liter-literan <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transliterumado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Transliterumado">transliterumadon</a> ĉu anstataŭe fonetikan transskribon.<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999505%E2%80%93507,_510%E2%80%93511-17">[17]</a> Normigitaj formalaj transskribsistemoj estis difinitaj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Organiza%C4%B5o_por_Normigado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Organizaĵo por Normigado">Internacia Organizaĵo por Normigado</a> (kiel ISO 843),<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999505%E2%80%93507,_510%E2%80%93511-17">[17]</a><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ISO843-18">[18]</a> de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grupo_de_Fakuloj_de_Unui%C4%9Dintaj_Nacioj_pri_Geografiaj_Nomoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grupo de Fakuloj de Unuiĝintaj Nacioj pri Geografiaj Nomoj">Grupo de Fakuloj de Unuiĝintaj Nacioj pri Geografiaj Nomoj</a>,<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a> de specifa komitato de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kongresa_Biblioteko_de_Usono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kongresa Biblioteko de Usono">Kongresa Biblioteko</a>,<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a> kaj de aliaj institucioj. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col">Litero</th> <th scope="col">Tradicia Latinalfabeta transliterumado<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999510%E2%80%93511-16">[16]</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td>Α α</td> <td>A a</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Β β</td> <td>B b</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Γ γ</td> <td>G g</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Δ δ</td> <td>D d</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ε ε</td> <td>E e</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ζ ζ</td> <td>Z z</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Η η</td> <td>Ē ē</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Θ θ</td> <td>Th th</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ι ι</td> <td>I i</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Κ κ</td> <td>C c, K k</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Λ λ</td> <td>L l</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Μ μ</td> <td>M m</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ν ν</td> <td>N n</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ξ ξ</td> <td>X x</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ο ο</td> <td>O o</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Π π</td> <td>P p</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ρ ρ</td> <td>R r, Rh rh</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Σ σ/ς</td> <td>S s</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Τ τ</td> <td>T t</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Υ υ</td> <td>Y y, U u</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Φ φ</td> <td>Ph ph</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Χ χ</td> <td>Ch ch, Kh kh</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ψ ψ</td> <td>Ps ps</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ω ω</td> <td>Ō ō</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Specifaj_uzoj">Specifaj uzoj</h2> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Specifaj uzoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="En_matematiko_kaj_scienco">En matematiko kaj scienco</h3> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: En matematiko kaj scienco" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> Grekaj simboloj estas tradicie uzataj kiel nomoj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matematiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matematiko">matematiko</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiziko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiziko">fiziko</a> kaj aliaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scienco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scienco">sciencoj</a>. Multaj simboloj havas tradiciajn uzojn, kiaj la minuskla epsilono (ε) por <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limeso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limeso">hazarda malgranda pozitiva nombro</a>, minuskla pi (π) por la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pi_(nombro)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pi (nombro)">proporcio de cirkumferenco de cirklo al sia diametro</a>, majuskla sigma (Σ) por <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adicio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adicio">adicio</a> de sekvenco de nombroj, kaj minuskla sigma (σ) por <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norma_devio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norma devio">norma devio</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="En_astronomio">En astronomio</h3> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: En astronomio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Centaurus_constellation_map.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Centaurus_constellation_map.svg/250px-Centaurus_constellation_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Centaurus_constellation_map.svg/250px-Centaurus_constellation_map.svg.png" data-width="250" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Centaurus_constellation_map.svg/375px-Centaurus_constellation_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Centaurus_constellation_map.svg/500px-Centaurus_constellation_map.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centa%C5%ADro_(konstelacio)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centaŭro (konstelacio)">Konstelacio Centaŭro</a> kun siaj steloj markitaj per grekalfabetaj literoj. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfa_Centa%C5%ADro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfa Centaŭro">Alfa Centaŭro</a> malsupre iom maldekstre apud Beta Centaŭro iom pli centre. </figcaption> </figure> Grekaj literoj estas uzataj por referenci al la plej brilaj steloj el ĉiu el la okdek ok <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstelacio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstelacio">konstelacioj</a>. En plej konstelacioj la plej brila stelo estas aludita Alfa kaj la venonta plej brila Beta ktp. Por ekzemplo, la plej brila stelo en al konstelacio <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centa%C5%ADro_(konstelacio)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centaŭro (konstelacio)">Centaŭro</a> estas konata kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfa_Centa%C5%ADro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfa Centaŭro">Alfa Centaŭro</a>. Tamen, pro historiaj tialoj, la grekaj nomigoj de kelkaj konstelacioj ekas per pli malalte rangita litero. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto">Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto</h3> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> Kelkaj literoj de la greka alfabeto estas uzataj kiel fonetikaj simboloj en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto">Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto</a> (IFA] aŭ International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Kelkaj el ili indikas frikativajn konsonantojn; la cetero estas uzataj por variaĵok de vokalaj sonoj. La glifaj formoj uzataj por tiuj literoj en specializitaj fonetikaj fontoj estas foje iom diferencaj el la konvenciaj formoj de la propra grekalfabeta tipografio, kaj glifoj estas tipe pli rektaj kaj uzas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Serifo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Serifo">serifojn</a>, por kongruigi ilin pli kun la tipografia karaktro de aliaj, latinalfabetdevenaj literoj en la fonetika alfabeto. Tamen, en la Unikoda kodonormigo, la jenaj tri fonetikaj simboloj estas konsiderataj samaj karaktroj kiel la korespondaj greklingvaj literoj mem:<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto">β</a></td> <td>beta</td> <td>U+03B2</td> <td>voĉa dulipa frikativo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto">θ</a></td> <td>theta</td> <td>U+03B8</td> <td>senvoĉa denta frikativo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto">χ</a></td> <td>ĥi</td> <td>U+03C7</td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senvo%C4%89a_uvulara_frikativo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Senvoĉa uvulara frikativo">senvoĉa uvulara frikativo</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Aliflanke, la jenaj fonetikaj literoj havas Unikodajn reprezentojn aparte el ilia grekalfabeta uzado, ĉu ĉar iliaj konvencia tipografia formo estas tro diferenca el la originalo, ĉu ĉar ili ankaŭ havas duarangajn uzojn kiel regulaj alfabetaj karaktroj en kelkaj latin-devenaj alfabetoj, kiel apartaj latinalfabetaj majusklaj literoj diferencaj el la korespondaj grekalfabetaj majuskloj. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2">Greka litero</th> <th colspan="4">Fonetika litero</th> <th>Majusklo</th> </tr> <tr> <td>φ</td> <td>fi</td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto">ɸ</a></td> <td>U+0278</td> <td>Latina minuskla fi</td> <td>senvoĉa dulipa frikativo</td> <td>–</td> </tr> <tr> <td>γ</td> <td>gamma</td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto">ɣ</a></td> <td>U+0263</td> <td>Latina minuskla gamma</td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vo%C4%89a_velara_frikativo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voĉa velara frikativo">voĉa velara frikativo</a></td> <td>Ɣ U+0194</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ε</td> <td>epsilon</td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto">ɛ</a></td> <td>U+025B</td> <td>Latina minuskla malferma e (alinome: epsilon)</td> <td>Mezmalferma antaŭa neronda vokalo</td> <td>Ɛ U+0190</td> </tr> <tr> <td>α</td> <td>alfa</td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto">ɑ</a></td> <td>U+0251</td> <td>Latina minuskla alfa</td> <td>malferma malantaŭa neronda vokalo</td> <td>Ɑ U+2C6D</td> </tr> <tr> <td>υ</td> <td>ipsilon</td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto">ʊ</a></td> <td>U+028A</td> <td>Latina minuskla ipsilon</td> <td>preskaŭferma preskaŭmalantaŭa ronda vokalo</td> <td>Ʊ U+01B1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ι</td> <td>iota</td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto">ɩ</a></td> <td>U+0269</td> <td>Latina minuskla iota</td> <td>Eksvalida por preskaŭferma preskaŭantaŭa neronda vokalo nuntempe [ɪ]</td> <td>Ɩ U+0196</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> La simbolo en la notacio de la Nordamerika Fonetika Alfabeto por la senvoĉa alveola laterala frikativo estas la grekalfabeta litero lambda [λ], sed [ɬ] en la IFA. La IFA simbolo por la palata laterala proksimanto estas [ʎ], kiu aspektas simila al la lambda, sed estas fakte invertita minuskla y. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Vidu_ankaŭ">Vidu ankaŭ</h2> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Vidu ankaŭ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;"> <ul class="noarchive"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet?uselang%3Deo">Greka alfabeto en la Vikimedia Komunejo</a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</li> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Greek_writing?uselang%3Deo">Kategorio Greka alfabeto en la Vikimedia Komunejo</a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antikva_Grekio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antikva Grekio">Antikva Grekio</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greka lingvo">Greka lingvo</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grekaj_ciferoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grekaj ciferoj">Grekaj ciferoj</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinigo_de_greka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinigo de greka">Latinigo de greka</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plurtona_greka_ortografio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plurtona greka ortografio">Plurtona greka ortografio</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skribadarto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Skribadarto">Skribadarto</a></li> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unikoda_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unikoda alfabeto">Unikoda alfabeto</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Referencoj">Referencoj</h2> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Referencoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="reflist references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; padding-right: 6px;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> Cook, B. F. (1987). Greek inscriptions. University of California Press/British Museum. Paĝo 9.</li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.arcalog.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Near-Eastern-Chronology-and-the-development-of-the-Greek-Alphabet.pdf">The Development of the Greek Alphabet within the Chronology of the ANE</a> (2009), Citaĵo: "Naveh gives four major reasons why it is universally agreed that the Greek alphabet was developed from an early Phoenician alphabet. 1 Laŭ Herodoto “the Phoenicians who came with Cadmus... brought into Hellas the alphabet, which had hitherto been unknown, as I think, to the Greeks.” 2 La grekaj literoj, alfa, beta, gimmel ne havas signifon en Greka sed la signifo de plej el ties <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Cemida_lingvaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝemida lingvaro">ŝemidaj</a> ekvivalentoj estas konata. Por ekzemplo, ‘alef’ signifas ‘okso’, ‘beta’ signifas ‘hejmo’ kaj ‘gimmel’ signifas ‘ĵeti bastono’. 3 Fruaj grekaj leteroj estas tre similaj kaj foje identaj al la okcidentaj ŝemidaj literoj. 4 La litersekvenco inter la ŝemida kaj greka alfabetoj estas identa. (Naveh 1982)"</li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> Coulmas, Florian (1996). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/063121481X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-631-21481-X</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bertilow.com/pmeg/gramatiko/neoficialaj_vortetoj.html%23i-n8l">Grekaj literoj</a> en PMEG §19</li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bertilow.com/pmeg/aldonoj/ne-pivaj_elementoj.html%23i-tgp">Grekaj literoj</a> en PMEG §43</li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> Баюн Л. С., Орёл В. Э. Язык фригийских надписей как исторический источник. En Вестник древней истории. 1988, № 1. pp. 175-177.</li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Orel, Vladimir Ė. (1997) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DuiALAQAAMAAJ">The language of Phrygians</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angla_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angla lingvo">angle</a>). Caravan Books. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780882060897?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780882060897</a>.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ancientscripts.com/lydian.html">Ancient Scripts: Lydian</a></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> Halkias, Georgios T., «When the Greeks Converted the Buddha: Asymmetrical Transfers of Knowledge in Indo-Greek Cultures», Religions and Trade, 2014 (rete [arkive], konsultita la 5an de julio 2020)</li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> R. Elsie, «Albanian Literature in Greek Script: the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth-Century Orthodox Tradition in Albanian Writing», en Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, vol. 15, n° 20, 1991.</li> <li id="cite_note-blackwell-11"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-blackwell_11-0">↑</a> F. Coulmas, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems, eld. Blackwell Publishers Ltd., Oxford, 1996.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999499–511-12">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999499%E2%80%93511_12-0">12,0</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999499%E2%80%93511_12-1">12,1</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFVerbrugghe1999">Verbrugghe 1999</a>, pp. 499–511.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999499–502-13"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999499%E2%80%93502_13-0">↑</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFVerbrugghe1999">Verbrugghe 1999</a>, pp. 499–502.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999499–502,_510–511-14"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999499%E2%80%93502,_510%E2%80%93511_14-0">↑</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFVerbrugghe1999">Verbrugghe 1999</a>, pp. 499–502, 510–511.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999499–502,_509-15"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999499%E2%80%93502,_509_15-0">↑</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFVerbrugghe1999">Verbrugghe 1999</a>, pp. 499–502, 509.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999510–511-16">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999510%E2%80%93511_16-0">16,0</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999510%E2%80%93511_16-1">16,1</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFVerbrugghe1999">Verbrugghe 1999</a>, pp. 510–511.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999505–507,_510–511-17">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999505%E2%80%93507,_510%E2%80%93511_17-0">17,0</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999505%E2%80%93507,_510%E2%80%93511_17-1">17,1</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerbrugghe1999505%E2%80%93507,_510%E2%80%93511_17-2">17,2</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFVerbrugghe1999">Verbrugghe 1999</a>, pp. 505–507, 510–511.</li> <li id="cite_note-ISO843-18"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ISO843_18-0">↑</a> <cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Organiza%C4%B5o_por_Normigado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Organizaĵo por Normigado">ISO</a>. (2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.iso.org/standard/5215.html">ISO 843:1997 (Conversion of Greek characters into Latin characters)</a>.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_el.htm">Greek</a>. Alirita 2012-07-15 .</li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/greek.pdf">Greek (ALA-LC Romanization Tables)</a> (2010).</li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;"> (1999) Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. University Press, p. 176–181.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greka_alfabeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> Por ĥi kaj beta, apartaj koderoj por uzado en latinalfabetaj skribmanieraj medioj estis aldonitaj en Unikodaj versioj 7.0 (2014) kaj 8.0 (2015) respektive: U+AB53 "Latin small letter chi" (ꭓ) kaj U+A7B5 "Latin small letter beta" (ꞵ). Je 2017, la Internacia Fonetika Asocio ankoraŭ listigis la originajn grekalfabetajn koderojn kiel normigaj reprezentoj de la koncernaj simboloj de IFA <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart">[1]</a>.</li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Bibliografio">Bibliografio</h2> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Bibliografio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul> <li>Février, James G. (1995) Histoire de l'écriture, París <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/2228889768?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-228-88976-8</a>.</li> <li>Gelb, Ignace J. (1987) Historia de la escritura, Madrid <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/8420621552?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 84-206-2155-2</a>.</li> <li>L. Hamilton Jeffery: The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece: A Study of the Origin of the Greek Alphabet and its Development from the Eighth to the Fifth Centuries B.C. (La lokaj skriboj de de arĥaika Grekio: studo pri la origino de la greka alfabeto kaj ĝia evoluo de la oka ĝis la kvina jarcentoj a.K.). Oxford: Clarendon Press 1990, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780198140610?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-814061-0</a>.</li> <li>M. S. Makratis, Character codes for Greek: Problems and modern solutions, 1996.</li> <li>B. B. Powell, Homer and the Origin of the Greek Alphabet, eld. Cambridge University Press, 1996, (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780521589079?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-58907-9</a>)</li> <li>Rubio Gil, Alejandro (2016) El alfabeto griego clásico. Prácticas básicas de lectoescritura griega, Valencia <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9788437099293?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-84-370-9929-3</a>.</li> <li>Verbrugghe, Gerald P. (1999), "Transliteration or Transcription of Greek", The Classical World, 92 (6): 499–511, doi:10.2307/4352343, JSTOR 4352343</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="Eksteraj_ligiloj">Eksteraj ligiloj</h2> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Eksteraj ligiloj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> redakti </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul> <li>Tabelo (PDF) de unikodaj kodoj por grekaj kaj koptaj literoj sur <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0370.pdf">www.unicode.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.opoudjis.net/unicode/nonattic.html%23digamma">Digamo</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angla_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angla lingvo">angle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.opoudjis.net/unicode/other_ligatures.html%23stigma">Stigmo</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angla_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angla lingvo">angle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.opoudjis.net/unicode/unicode_aitch.html%23tackheta">Heto</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angla_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angla lingvo">angle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.opoudjis.net/unicode/nonattic.html%23san">Sano</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angla_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angla lingvo">angle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.opoudjis.net/unicode/nonattic.html%23koppa">Kopo</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angla_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angla lingvo">angle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.opoudjis.net/unicode/other_nonattic.html%23sampi">Sampio</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angla_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angla lingvo">angle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.opoudjis.net/unicode/nonattic.html%23sho">Ŝo</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angla_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angla lingvo">angle</a></li> </ul> <div class="boilerplate metadata" style="background-color: #f3f9ff; margin: 1em 2.5% 0 2.5%; padding: 0 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa;">Teĥnika noto: Pro teĥnikaj limigoj iuj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TTT-legilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TTT-legilo">TTT-legiloj</a> ne povas montri specialajn signojn, uzatajn en ĉi tiu artikolo. Tiaj signoj povas esti montritaj kiel kvadratetoj, demandosignoj aŭ aliaj sensencaj signoj depende de viaj TTT-legilo, operaciumo kaj instalitaj fontoj. Eĉ se via TTT-legilo kapablas interpreti <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UTF-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>-n kaj vi instalis tiparon, kiu subtenas grandan diapazonon de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unikodo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unikodo">Unikodo</a>, vi eble bezonos uzi alian TTT-legilon, ĉar tiurilataj ebloj de TTT-legiloj ofte diferencas. </div> <ul> <li>En tiu ĉi artikolo estas uzita traduko de teksto el la artikolo <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DGreek%2Balphabet%26oldid%3D963715829">Greek alphabet</a> en la angla Vikipedio. </li> <li>En tiu ĉi artikolo estas uzita traduko de teksto el la artikolo <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DAlfabeto%2Bgriego%26oldid%3D127113187">Alfabeto griego</a> en la hispana Vikipedio. </li> <li>En tiu ĉi artikolo estas uzita traduko de teksto el la artikolo <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DAlphabet%2Bgrec%26oldid%3D172435154">Alphabet grec</a> en la franca Vikipedio. </li> </ul> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:100; right:20px; top:-40px; background-color:transparent" class="metadata" id="featured-star"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Listo_de_havendaj_artikoloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tiu ĉi artikolo apartenas al la aro de la mil plej gravaj artikoloj"> <noscript> <img alt="Tiu ĉi artikolo apartenas al la aro de la mil plej gravaj artikoloj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/1000HA.png" 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</main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greka_alfabeto&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Laste redaktita je 4 jun. 2024, 05:34 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Lingvoj</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griekse_alfabet" title="Griekse alfabet — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Griekse alfabet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griechisches_Alphabet" title="Griechisches Alphabet — svisgermana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Griechisches Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svisgermana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258B%25A8%25E1%258C%258D%25E1%2588%25AA%25E1%258A%25AD_%25E1%258A%25A0%25E1%2588%258D%25E1%258D%258B%25E1%2589%25A4%25E1%2589%25B5" title="የግሪክ አልፋቤት — amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የግሪክ አልፋቤት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_griego" title="Alfabeto griego — aragona" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alfabeto griego" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragona" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A3%25D9%2584%25D9%2581%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="ألفبائية يونانية — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألفبائية يونانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%2590%25DC%25A0%25DC%25A6%25DC%2592%25DC%259D%25DC%25AC_%25DC%259D%25DC%2598%25DC%25A2%25DC%259D%25DC%2590" title="ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܝܘܢܝܐ — Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܝܘܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2581_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D9%2587" title="الحروف اليونانيه — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحروف اليونانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A7%2580%25E0%25A6%2595_%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A3%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="গ্ৰীক বৰ্ণমালা — asama" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গ্ৰীক বৰ্ণমালা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asama" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu_griegu" title="Alfabetu griegu — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfabetu griegu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunan_%25C9%2599lifbas%25C4%25B1" title="Yunan əlifbası — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yunan əlifbası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%2581%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C" title="یونان الیفباسی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یونان الیفباسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D1%258B" title="Грек алфавиты — baŝkira" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Грек алфавиты" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baŝkira" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griachischs_Oiphabet" title="Griachischs Oiphabet — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Griachischs Oiphabet" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graiku_ra%25C5%25A1ts" title="Graiku rašts — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Graiku rašts" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D1%2587%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D1%2582" title="Грэчаскі алфавіт — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грэчаскі алфавіт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D1%258D%25D1%2582" title="Грэцкі альфабэт — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грэцкі альфабэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D1%258A%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B1%25D1%2583%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Гръцка азбука — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гръцка азбука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2595_%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25BF" title="গ্রিক লিপি — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রিক লিপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2580%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%25A0%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2591%25E0%25BD%2596%25E0%25BE%25B1%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BD%25A0%25E0%25BD%25B4%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2598%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%2582" title="ཀེ་རི་སིའི་དབྱངས་གསལ་རེའུ་མིག — tibeta" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀེ་རི་སིའི་དབྱངས་གསལ་རེའུ་མིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibeta" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizherenneg_c%2527hresianek" title="Lizherenneg c'hresianek — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizherenneg c'hresianek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%25C4%258Dko_pismo" title="Grčko pismo — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Grčko pismo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Yunani" title="Surat Yunani — Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Surat Yunani" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA_%25D2%25AF%25D0%25B7%25D1%258D%25D0%25B3" title="Грек үзэг — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Грек үзэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_grec" title="Alfabet grec — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet grec" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%25C4%25AD-l%25C3%25A9-n%25C3%25A0%25CC%25A4_c%25C3%25AA-m%25C5%258D%25CC%25A4" title="Hĭ-lé-nà̤ cê-mō̤ — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hĭ-lé-nà̤ cê-mō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2596%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582" title="Желтойн абат — ĉeĉena" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Желтойн абат" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ĉeĉena" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25DB%2595%25D9%2584%25D9%2581%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25DB%258E%25DB%258C_%25DB%258C%25DB%2586%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C" title="ئەلفوبێی یۆنانی — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلفوبێی یۆنانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunan_elifbesi" title="Yunan elifbesi — Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yunan elifbesi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%2598eck%25C3%25A9_p%25C3%25ADsmo" title="Řecké písmo — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Řecké písmo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D1%258C%25D1%2587%25D1%258C%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B0%25EA%2599%2581%25D1%258A%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D1%2583%25D0%25BA%25EA%2599%2591" title="Грьчьска аꙁъбоукꙑ — malnovslava" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Грьчьска аꙁъбоукꙑ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="malnovslava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_wyddor_Roeg" title="Yr wyddor Roeg — kimra" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr wyddor Roeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimra" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_gr%25C3%25A6ske_alfabet" title="Det græske alfabet — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det græske alfabet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griechisches_Alphabet" title="Griechisches Alphabet — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Griechisches Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabey%25C3%25AA_Yunanki" title="Alfabeyê Yunanki — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alfabeyê Yunanki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2595%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CF%258C_%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CF%2586%25CE%25AC%25CE%25B2%25CE%25B7%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF" title="Ελληνικό αλφάβητο — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελληνικό αλφάβητο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Greek alphabet" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_griego" title="Alfabeto griego — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto griego" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreeka_t%25C3%25A4hestik" title="Kreeka tähestik — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kreeka tähestik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_greko" title="Alfabeto greko — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alfabeto greko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2581%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C_%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C" title="الفبای یونانی — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الفبای یونانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreikkalainen_kirjaimisto" title="Kreikkalainen kirjaimisto — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kreikkalainen kirjaimisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grikska_alfabeti%25C3%25B0" title="Grikska alfabetið — feroa" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Grikska alfabetið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_grec" title="Alphabet grec — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphabet grec" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greks_alfabeet" title="Greks alfabeet — nord-frisa" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Greks alfabeet" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nord-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_gr%25C3%25AAc" title="Alfabet grêc — friula" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Alfabet grêc" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gryksk_alfabet" title="Gryksk alfabet — okcident-frisa" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gryksk alfabet" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="okcident-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aib%25C3%25ADtir_Ghr%25C3%25A9agach" title="Aibítir Ghréagach — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aibítir Ghréagach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urum_alfaviti" title="Urum alfaviti — Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Urum alfaviti" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalfab%25C3%25A9_grek" title="Lalfabé grek — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lalfabé grek" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aibidil_Ghreugach" title="Aibidil Ghreugach — skot-gaela" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aibidil Ghreugach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skot-gaela" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_grego" title="Alfabeto grego — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabeto grego" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyresia%25C3%25B1e%2527%25E1%25BA%25BD_achegety" title="Gyresiañe'ẽ achegety — gvarania" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Gyresiañe'ẽ achegety" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvarania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%2597%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AB%2580%25E0%25AA%2595_%25E0%25AA%25AE%25E0%25AB%2582%25E0%25AA%25B3%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%2595%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B7%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AB%258B" title="ગ્રીક મૂળાક્ષરો — guĝarata" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગ્રીક મૂળાક્ષરો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guĝarata" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbyrlhit_Greagagh" title="Abbyrlhit Greagagh — manksa" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Abbyrlhit Greagagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%259C%25D7%25A4%25D7%2591%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA_%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%2595%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599" title="אלפבית יווני — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפבית יווני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="यूनानी वर्णमाला — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूनानी वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Akchhar" title="Greek Akchhar — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Greek Akchhar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%25C4%258Dki_alfabet" title="Grčki alfabet — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grčki alfabet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%25C3%25A8_gr%25C3%25A8k" title="Alfabè grèk — haitia kreola" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alfabè grèk" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitia kreola" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C3%25B6r%25C3%25B6g_%25C3%25A1b%25C3%25A9c%25C3%25A9" title="Görög ábécé — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Görög ábécé" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2580%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B6%25D5%25AB_%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25A2%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A2%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B6" title="Հունարենի այբուբեն — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հունարենի այբուբեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabeto_grec" title="Alphabeto grec — Interlingvao" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alphabeto grec" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingvao" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Yunani" title="Alfabet Yunani — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfabet Yunani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabeto_a_Griego" title="Alpabeto a Griego — iloka" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Alpabeto a Griego" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greka_alfabeto" title="Greka alfabeto — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Greka alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%25C3%25ADskt_stafr%25C3%25B3f" title="Grískt stafróf — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grískt stafróf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_greco" title="Alfabeto greco — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto greco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25AE%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2582%25B7%25E3%2582%25A2%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%2597" title="ギリシア文字 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギリシア文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%25C3%25A8t_Yunani" title="Alfabèt Yunani — java" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alfabèt Yunani" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="java" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25AB%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%25AC%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590" title="ბერძნული დამწერლობა — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბერძნული დამწერლობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agemmay_agrigi" title="Agemmay agrigi — kabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Agemmay agrigi" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabila" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Yunani" title="Alfabet Yunani — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Alfabet Yunani" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA_%25D3%2599%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D1%2596" title="Грек әліпбиі — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Грек әліпбиі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%25A2%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25B7%25E1%259E%2585" title="អក្សរក្រិច — kmera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អក្សរក្រិច" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmera" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%2580%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D%25E2%2580%258C_%25E0%25B2%25B5%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25A3%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B3%2586" title="ಗ್ರೀಕ್‌ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆ — kanara" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ರೀಕ್‌ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanara" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B7%25B8%25EB%25A6%25AC%25EC%258A%25A4_%25EB%25AC%25B8%25EC%259E%2590" title="그리스 문자 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그리스 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582" title="Грек алфавит — karaĉaj-balkara" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Грек алфавит" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaĉaj-balkara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeya_yewnan%25C3%25AE" title="Alfabeya yewnanî — kurda" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alfabeya yewnanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytherennek_grek" title="Lytherennek grek — kornvala" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lytherennek grek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornvala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8" title="Грек алфавити — kirgiza" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Грек алфавити" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiza" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="elstara artikolo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabetum_Graecum" title="Alphabetum Graecum — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alphabetum Graecum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griichescht_Alphabet" title="Griichescht Alphabet — luksemburga" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Griichescht Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582" title="Грекрин алфавит — lezga" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Грекрин алфавит" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta_elinica" title="Alfabeta elinica — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta elinica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_grech" title="Alfabet grech — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Alfabet grech" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_grech" title="Alfabet grech — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Alfabet grech" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BB%2582%25E0%25BA%2595%25E0%25BB%259C%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BA%2587%25E0%25BA%25AA%25E0%25BA%25B7%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%25A3%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BA%2581" title="ໂຕໜັງສືເກຣັກ — laŭa" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂຕໜັງສືເກຣັກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graik%25C5%25B3_ra%25C5%25A1tas" title="Graikų raštas — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Graikų raštas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grie%25C4%25B7u_alfab%25C4%2593ts" title="Grieķu alfabēts — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Grieķu alfabēts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidy_grika" title="Abidy grika — malagasa" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abidy grika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_Yunani" title="Abjad Yunani — minankabaŭa" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Abjad Yunani" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minankabaŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B1%25D1%2583%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Грчка азбука — makedona" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грчка азбука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedona" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2597%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B5%2580%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%2585%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B7%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B2" title="ഗ്രീക്ക് അക്ഷരമാല — malajalama" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രീക്ക് അക്ഷരമാല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalama" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2592%25EA%25AF%25AD%25EA%25AF%2594%25EA%25AF%25A4%25EA%25AF%259B_%25EA%25AF%2583%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%25A6%25EA%25AF%259B" title="ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ — manipura" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipura" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="ग्रीक वर्णमाला — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रीक वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_Yunani" title="Abjad Yunani — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abjad Yunani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AC" title="ဂရိအက္ခရာ — birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂရိအက္ခရာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greciamachiyotlahtoltecpantiliztli" title="Greciamachiyotlahtoltecpantiliztli — Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Greciamachiyotlahtoltecpantiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeksch_Alphabeet" title="Greeksch Alphabeet — platgermana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Greeksch Alphabeet" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="platgermana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griekse_alfabet" title="Griekse alfabet — Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Griekse alfabet" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grieks_alfabet" title="Grieks alfabet — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grieks alfabet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_greske_alfabetet" title="Det greske alfabetet — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det greske alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_greske_alfabetet" title="Det greske alfabetet — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det greske alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_gr%25C3%25A9geis" title="Alphabet grégeis — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Alphabet grégeis" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_gr%25C3%25A8c" title="Alfabet grèc — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alfabet grèc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AF%25E0%25A9%2582%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A9%2580" title="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਲਿਪੀ — panĝaba" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਲਿਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panĝaba" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2581lfab%25C3%25A8t_griego" title="Álfabèt griego — Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Álfabèt griego" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_grec" title="Alfabet grec — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alfabet grec" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_grecki" title="Alfabet grecki — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfabet grecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_grech" title="Alfabet grech — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Alfabet grech" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C_%25D9%2584%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C" title="یونانی لپی — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یونانی لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A_%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25DB%2590%25DA%2585%25DB%2590" title="يوناني ابېڅې — paŝtua" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="يوناني ابېڅې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paŝtua" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_grego" title="Alfabeto grego — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfabeto grego" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigu_siq%2527i_llumpa" title="Grigu siq'i llumpa — keĉua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Grigu siq'i llumpa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keĉua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetul_grec" title="Alfabetul grec — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfabetul grec" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582" title="Греческий алфавит — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Греческий алфавит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%2590%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2586%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D1%2582" title="Ґрецькый алфавіт — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґрецькый алфавіт" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258D%25D0%25BA_%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0-%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D1%258D" title="Гириэк суруга-бичигэ — jakuta" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гириэк суруга-бичигэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuta" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%259C%25E1%25B1%25BD%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25A0_%25E1%25B1%25A6%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25AF" title="ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ — santala" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santala" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greikkala%25C5%25A1_alfabehta" title="Greikkalaš alfabehta — nord-samea" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Greikkalaš alfabehta" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nord-samea" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%25C4%258Dki_alfabet" title="Grčki alfabet — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grčki alfabet" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ag%25CA%25B7mmay_Agrik" title="Agʷmmay Agrik — ŝelha" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Agʷmmay Agrik" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ŝelha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Greek alphabet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%25C3%25A9cke_p%25C3%25ADsmo" title="Grécke písmo — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Grécke písmo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%25C5%25A1ka_abeceda" title="Grška abeceda — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grška abeceda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giriiga_Alifbeetada" title="Giriiga Alifbeetada — somala" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Giriiga Alifbeetada" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti_grek" title="Alfabeti grek — albana" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alfabeti grek" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582" title="Грчки алфабет — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грчки алфабет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekiska_alfabetet" title="Grekiska alfabetet — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grekiska alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti_ya_Kigiriki" title="Alfabeti ya Kigiriki — svahila" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alfabeti ya Kigiriki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahila" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2587%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595_%25E0%25AE%258E%25E0%25AE%25B4%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B3%25E0%25AF%258D" title="கிரேக்க எழுத்துக்கள் — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிரேக்க எழுத்துக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%2597%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%2580%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%2581_%25E0%25B0%25B5%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25A3%25E0%25B0%25AE%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25B2" title="గ్రీకు వర్ణమాల — telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్రీకు వర్ణమాల" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B8_%25D1%258E%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D3%25A3" title="Алифбои юнонӣ — taĝika" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алифбои юнонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taĝika" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%258A%25E0%25B8%25B8%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A9%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%2581" title="ชุดตัวอักษรกรีก — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชุดตัวอักษรกรีก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258C%258D%25E1%2588%25AA%25E1%258A%25AD%25E1%258A%259B_%25E1%258D%258A%25E1%258B%25B0%25E1%2588%258D" title="ግሪክኛ ፊደል — tigraja" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ግሪክኛ ፊደል" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigraja" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabetong_Griyego" title="Alpabetong Griyego — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alpabetong Griyego" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunan_alfabesi" title="Yunan alfabesi — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yunan alfabesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA_%25D3%2599%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%258B" title="Грек әлифбасы — tatara" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Грек әлифбасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2586%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Грецька абетка — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грецька абетка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2581_%25D8%25AA%25DB%2581%25D8%25AC%25DB%258C" title="یونانی حروف تہجی — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یونانی حروف تہجی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunon_yozuvi" title="Yunon yozuvi — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yunon yozuvi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekan_kirjami%25C5%25A1t" title="Grekan kirjamišt — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Grekan kirjamišt" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%25E1%25BA%25A3ng_ch%25E1%25BB%25AF_c%25C3%25A1i_Hy_L%25E1%25BA%25A1p" title="Bảng chữ cái Hy Lạp — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảng chữ cái Hy Lạp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_grek" title="Alfabet grek — valona" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Alfabet grek" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valona" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griyego_nga_abakadahan" title="Griyego nga abakadahan — varaja" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Griyego nga abakadahan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B8%258C%25E8%2585%258A%25E5%25AD%2597%25E6%25AF%258D" title="希腊字母 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="希腊字母" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25AB%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%25AD%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2590" title="ბერძენული ჭარალუა — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბერძენული ჭარალუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2592%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%259B%25D7%2599%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8_%25D7%2590%25D7%259C%25D7%25A4%25D7%2590%25D7%2591%25D7%25A2%25D7%2598" title="גריכישער אלפאבעט — jida" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גריכישער אלפאבעט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jida" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B8%258C%25E8%2585%258A%25E5%25AD%2597%25E6%25AF%258D" title="希腊字母 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="希腊字母" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-lia%25CC%258Dp-j%25C4%25AB" title="Hi-lia̍p-jī — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hi-lia̍p-jī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B8%258C%25E8%2587%2598%25E5%25AD%2597%25E6%25AF%258D" title="希臘字母 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="希臘字母" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-eo.svg" alt="Vikipedio" width="110" height="18" style="width: 6.875em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Ĉi tiu paĝo estis lastafoje redaktita je 05:34, 4 jun. 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">La enhavo estas disponebla laŭ <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eo">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, se ne estas alia indiko.</li> </ul> <ul 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