CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>祖先 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh","wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"2f7963ef-253d-4e76-8ac2-14201ce48414","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"祖先","wgTitle":"祖先","wgCurRevisionId":84249777,"wgRevisionId":84249777,"wgArticleId":470009,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["自2017年12月需补充来源的条目","拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目","有疑似原创研究语句的条目","全部小作品","文化小作品","祖先","家世與傳承","親屬關係","家庭結構"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"祖先","wgRelevantArticleId":470009,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":2000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q402152","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.ilhpp","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/MET_69_100.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1662"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/MET_69_100.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1108"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/MET_69_100.jpg/640px-MET_69_100.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="886"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="祖先 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-祖先 rootpage-祖先 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="主菜单" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>参考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">祖先</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。62种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voorouer" title="Voorouer – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Voorouer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipasau" title="Antipasau – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Antipasau" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%81_(%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%84)" title="سلف (أصل) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلف (أصل)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestru" title="Ancestru – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ancestru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fcdad" title="Əcdad – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əcdad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawitan" title="Kawitan – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kawitan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoon" title="Apoon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Apoon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestre" title="Ancestre – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ancestre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%AB-c%C5%ADng" title="Cū-cŭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cū-cŭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="بەرەباب – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەرەباب" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodinn%C3%BD_p%C5%AFvod" title="Rodinný původ – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rodinný původ" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%C4%95%D0%BB" title="Несĕл – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Несĕл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorfahr" title="Vorfahr – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vorfahr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestor" title="Ancestor – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ancestor" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praulo" title="Praulo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Praulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestro" title="Ancestro – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ancestro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbaso" title="Arbaso – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arbaso" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نیاکان – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیاکان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anc%C3%AAtre" title="Ancêtre – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ancêtre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foar%C3%A2lden" title="Foarâlden – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Foarâlden" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אדם הראשון – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדם הראשון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="पूर्वज – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पूर्वज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predak" title="Predak – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Predak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leluhur" title="Leluhur – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Leluhur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestro" title="Ancestro – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ancestro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenato" title="Antenato – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antenato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A5%96" title="先祖 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="先祖" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imeru" title="Imeru – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Imeru" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C9%9Bt%CA%8A" title="Hadɛtʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hadɛtʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%9C" title="ಪೂರ್ವಜ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೂರ್ವಜ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%83%81" title="조상 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razana" title="Razana – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Razana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Предок – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Предок" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="पूर्वज – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पूर्वज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leluhur" title="Leluhur – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Leluhur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veurolder" title="Veurolder – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Veurolder" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="तपाय् – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तपाय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voorouder" title="Voorouder – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voorouder" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voreldre" title="Voreldre – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Voreldre" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wst%C4%99pny" title="Wstępny – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wstępny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="نيکونه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نيکونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antepassado" title="Antepassado – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antepassado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Предок – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Предок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Өбүгэ – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Өбүгэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%8F%DA%99%D8%A7" title="وڏڙا – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وڏڙا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestor" title="Ancestor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ancestor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prednik" title="Prednik – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prednik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraardh%C3%ABsi" title="Paraardhësi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Paraardhësi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Предак – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Предак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rf%C3%A4der" title="Förfäder – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förfäder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="மூதாதை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூதாதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/bnkisan" title="bnkisan – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="bnkisan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ниёкон – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ниёкон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9" title="บรรพบุรุษ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บรรพบุรุษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninuno" title="Ninuno – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ninuno" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Предок – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Предок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A4_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="آبا ؤ اجداد – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آبا ؤ اجداد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95_ti%C3%AAn" title="Tổ tiên – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổ tiên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="祖先 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="祖先" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B3%CD%98-sian" title="Chó͘-sian – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chó͘-sian" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="祖先 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="祖先" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okhokho" title="Okhokho – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Okhokho" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q402152#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="关于此页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&oldid=84249777" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&id=84249777&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%25A5%2596%25E5%2585%2588"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%25A5%2596%25E5%2585%2588"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ancestors" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q402152" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2017年12月31日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88%22">"祖先"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MET_69_100.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/MET_69_100.jpg/220px-MET_69_100.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/MET_69_100.jpg/330px-MET_69_100.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/MET_69_100.jpg/440px-MET_69_100.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>中國<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清</a>時期傳統家族的歷代祖先<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B9%E5%83%8F" title="容像">畫像</a>。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unknown_artist_-_Ancestor_Group_Portrait_-_2019.82_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Unknown_artist_-_Ancestor_Group_Portrait_-_2019.82_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/220px-Unknown_artist_-_Ancestor_Group_Portrait_-_2019.82_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Unknown_artist_-_Ancestor_Group_Portrait_-_2019.82_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/330px-Unknown_artist_-_Ancestor_Group_Portrait_-_2019.82_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Unknown_artist_-_Ancestor_Group_Portrait_-_2019.82_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/440px-Unknown_artist_-_Ancestor_Group_Portrait_-_2019.82_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1996" data-file-height="3400" /></a><figcaption>中國清代傳統家族的歷代祖先容像，顯考、顯妣分立於左右。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>祖先</b>，又稱<b>祖亲</b>、<b>祖輩</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<b>祖宗</b>，是指輩分比自己高的直系血親，與<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E8%A3%94" class="mw-redirect" title="後裔">後代</a>相反。然而，很多時候所指的祖先，通常都是最少隔幾代，年代久遠的則稱為<b>遠祖</b>。在很多<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="父系社會">父系社會</a>，狭义的祖先一词只代指<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA" title="父親">父親</a>那邊的祖先。 </p><p>如果兩個人有共同的祖先，即是代表他們有<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%B7%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="血緣">血緣</a>關係。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="演化論">演化論</a>上，幾個<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="物種">物種</a>有同一演化祖先，它們便是該祖先物種的後代。 </p><p>中国古代尊称去世祖先为“皇”，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E8%80%83" class="mw-redirect" title="皇考">皇考</a>(对亡父的尊称)、皇姑(对丈夫亡母的尊称)、皇祖(远祖,称高祖以上的祖先)、皇舅(女子称丈夫的亡父)等。 </p><p>很多文化均有敬仰祖先的傳統，不論健在也要表現恭敬。有些民族還有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="祖先崇拜">祖先拜祭</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%92%E4%BF%97" class="mw-redirect" title="習俗">習俗</a>（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%98%8E" title="清明">清明</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%83%E5%A2%93" title="掃墓">掃墓</a>、祭拜<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%8C%E4%BD%8D" title="牌位">神主</a>），以維繫整個<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="家族">家族</a>及社會秩序。<mark class="noprint template-facttext" title="可能为原创研究"> </mark></p> <ul><li>五世排序（元、祖、宗、示、小） <ul><li>太祖（示的曾祖父）</li> <li>祖/太宗（示的祖父，又名太宗）</li> <li>宗（示的父亲，又名大示）</li> <li>示（示、当世、现在的一辈，传宗接代）</li> <li>小示（示的儿子，又名代）</li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>五世</b> </p> <ul><li>元，元宗、太祖</li> <li>祖，太宗</li> <li>宗，大示</li> <li>示，示</li> <li>小，小示<sup class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究"><span title="原创研究验证请求"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[原創研究？]</span></span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>祖先</b> </p> <ul><li>自己</li> <li>父</li> <li>祖父</li> <li>曾祖</li> <li>高祖</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="漢語親屬系統">漢語親屬系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="祖先崇拜">祖先崇拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88%E7%89%8C%E4%BD%8D" title="祖先牌位">祖先牌位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E8%AD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="祖譜">祖譜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%B1%8D" title="祖籍">祖籍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%8D%E8%B2%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="籍貫">籍貫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A1%E6%9C%9B" title="郡望">郡望</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="堂號">堂號</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>参考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：参考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdic.net/hans/祖亲">祖亲</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210106092120/https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E7%A5%96%E4%BA%B2">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.汉典</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="親屬關係" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="Template:親屬關係"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:親屬關係（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:親屬關係"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="親屬關係" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC" title="親屬">親屬關係</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%A9%E5%88%86" title="輩分">輩分</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">祖辈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%BC%A9" title="長輩">长辈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%BC%A9" title="平輩">平辈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E8%BC%A9" title="後輩">後輩</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E8%A6%AA" title="血親">血緣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E8%A6%AA" title="血親">血親</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC" title="親屬">宗亲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E4%BA%B2" title="堂亲">堂亲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A6%AA" title="表親">表親</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="家族">家族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%97%8F" title="宗族">宗族</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="婚姻">婚姻</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="姻親" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%BB%E8%A6%AA" title="姻親">姻親</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%AA%B3" title="兒媳">兒媳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%A9%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="女婿">女婿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E5%A9%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="儿婿">儿婿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AB%E5%AE%B6" title="夫家">夫家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AE%B6" title="妻家">妻家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B3%E7%88%B6" title="岳父">岳父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B3%E6%AF%8D" title="岳母">岳母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%BF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="家翁">家翁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%A9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="家婆">家婆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E8%88%85" title="妻舅">妻舅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%91%E7%88%B7" title="姑爷">姑爷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%BF%E9%A4%8A%E5%AD%90" title="婿養子">婿養子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A5%E9%A4%8A%E5%AA%B3" title="童養媳">童養媳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%AF%E5%A8%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="妯娌">妯娌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%85%E5%A9%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="娅婿">娅婿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E8%A6%AA" title="繼親">继亲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E7%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="繼父">继父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="繼母">继母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="繼子">继子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E5%A5%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="繼女">继女</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%88%9A" title="外戚">外戚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AB%E5%A6%BB" title="夫妻">夫妻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="夫夫">夫夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%BD%E6%89%8B_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="牽手 (消歧義)">牽手</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E8%B4%85" title="入贅">入贅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BC%8F%E5%A9%9A%E7%A6%AE" title="中式婚禮">中式婚禮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="同性婚姻">同性婚姻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%AA%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="近親婚姻">近親婚姻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%8C%E4%BB%8E%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%8E%E4%BA%A4%E9%94%99%E4%BB%8E%E8%A1%A8" title="平行从表与交错从表">平行從表與交錯從表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" title="人名">姓名</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%A7%93" title="汉姓">汉姓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D)" title="名 (人名)">名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%90%8D" title="本名">本名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%93%E5%90%8D" title="訓名">训名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%9C%E5%90%8D" title="譜名">谱名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E5%90%8D" title="乳名">乳名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="幼名">幼名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%AD%97" title="表字">表字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B7" title="号">号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E5%A7%93" title="冠姓">冠姓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8A%E7%A7%B0" title="尊称">尊称</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%B5%E7%A7%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="昵称">昵称</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">祖亲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="祖父母">祖父母</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="祖父母">祖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="祖父母">祖母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="祖父母">外祖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="祖父母">外祖母</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="曾祖父母">曾祖父母</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="曾祖父母">曾祖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="曾祖父母">曾祖母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="曾祖父母">外曾祖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="曾祖父母">外曾祖母</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="父母">父母</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="父母">親本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E4%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="父亲">父亲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E6%84%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="父愛">父爱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA%E7%AF%80" title="父親節">父親節</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E6%AC%8A" title="父權">父權</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="父系制度">父系制度</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="母亲">母亲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E6%84%9B" title="母愛">母愛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%B2%E8%8A%82" title="母亲节">母亲节</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E6%AC%8A" title="母權">母權</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="母系制度">母系制度</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E5%A6%88%E5%A6%88" title="足球妈妈">足球妈妈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%B2%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD" title="Category:母亲身份">母親身份</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E9%95%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="家長">家长</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%BB" title="家主">家主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E9%95%B7%E5%BC%8F%E9%A0%98%E5%B0%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="家長式領導">家長式領導</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E8%AD%B7%E4%BA%BA" title="監護人">監護人</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="親子關係">親子關係</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%AD%90" title="兒子">兒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%85%92" title="女兒">女兒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="親子關係">父婴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E5%AC%B0" class="mw-disambig" title="母嬰">母婴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="親子關係">父子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="親子關係">父女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="親子關係">母子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="親子關係">母女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E4%BD%8D%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="代位父母">代位父母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%BD%E5%AF%B6" title="媽寶">媽寶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%BC%E7%88%B8" title="狼爸">狼爸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%A1%E5%AD%90%E6%9B%B8" title="誡子書">誡子書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%90%E6%80%A7%E5%8D%95%E4%BA%B2" title="隐性单亲">隐性单亲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E6%B3%95" title="Category:親子法">親子法</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%E6%94%B6%E9%A4%8A" title="LGBT收養">LGBT收養</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E5%AD%90%E9%89%B4%E5%AE%9A" title="亲子鉴定">亲子鉴定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E5%B9%B4%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="幼年原則">幼年原則</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E9%A4%8A" title="收養">收養</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E6%AD%A3" title="準正">準正</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E9%A0%98" title="認領">認領</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E7%BB%A7" title="过继">过继</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%A9%9A%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%A5%B3" title="非婚生子女">非婚生子女</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82" title="Category:親屬稱謂">親屬稱謂</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%96%E8%88%87%E5%82%B3%E6%89%BF" title="Category:家世與傳承">直系血親</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">上四代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%A5%96" title="高祖">高祖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="曾祖父母">曾祖</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">祖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="父">父</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">下九代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90" class="mw-disambig" title="子">子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="孫">孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="曾孙">曾孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="玄孙">玄孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A5%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="来孙">來孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9C%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="晜孙">晜孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8D%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="仍孙">仍孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="云孙">雲孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B3%E5%AD%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="耳孫">耳孫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%B2%E5%B1%9E%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93" title="Category:男性亲属称谓">男性亲属称谓</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="丈夫" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%88%E5%A4%AB" title="丈夫">丈夫</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%85%AC" class="mw-disambig" title="老公">老公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F" title="先生">先生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E7%88%B7" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="老爷">老爷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="外子">外子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%AC" class="mw-disambig" title="相公">相公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AB%E5%90%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="夫君">夫君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8E%E5%90%9B" class="mw-disambig" title="郎君">郎君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%88%E5%A4%AB" title="丈夫">官人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E5%A4%AB" title="情夫">情夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="同夫">同夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B0%A5%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="鰥夫">鳏夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="人夫">人夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="前夫">前夫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%9C%8B%E5%8F%8B" title="男朋友">男朋友</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B6" title="伯父">伯父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%94%E7%88%B6" title="叔父">叔父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%91%E7%88%B6" title="姑父">姑父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%A8%E7%88%B6" title="姨父">姨父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%85%E7%88%B6" title="舅父">舅父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A1%E9%95%B7%E5%AD%90" title="嫡長子">嫡長子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%AD%90" title="猶子">猶子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9D%E5%9B%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="囝囝">囝囝</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%B2%E5%B1%9E%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93" title="Category:女性亲属称谓">女性亲属称谓</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="妻子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="妻子">妻子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="妻子">老婆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="妻子">太太</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="夫人">夫人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="妻子">内子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="內人">内人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="妻子">娘子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BE" title="妾">妾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%B5" title="媵">媵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" title="嫡庶">嫡庶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A1%E5%A6%BB" title="嫡妻">嫡妻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E5%AE%A4" title="繼室">繼室</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A6%BB" title="平妻">平妻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B5%E8%B3%BC%E6%96%B0%E5%A8%98" title="郵購新娘">郵購新娘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E5%A9%A6" title="情婦">情婦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%A6%BB" title="同妻">同妻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A1%E5%A6%87" class="mw-redirect" title="寡妇">寡妇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="妻子">人妻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%A6%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="前妻">前妻</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%9C%8B%E5%8F%8B" title="女朋友">女朋友</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="伯母">伯母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%94%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="叔母">叔母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%91%E6%AF%8D" title="姑母">姑母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%A8%E6%AF%8D" title="姨母">姨母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%85%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="舅母">舅母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%B6" title="婶">婶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%85%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="舅母">妗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A1%E5%9B%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="囡囡">囡囡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E5%A7%90%E5%A6%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="兄弟姐妹">兄弟姐妹</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%84" class="mw-redirect" title="兄">兄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="弟">弟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%90" class="mw-redirect" title="姐">姐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="妹">妹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E4%BA%B2" title="堂亲">堂亲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E5%85%84" class="mw-redirect" title="堂兄">堂兄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E4%BA%B2" title="堂亲">堂弟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E4%BA%B2" title="堂亲">堂姐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E4%BA%B2" title="堂亲">堂妹</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A6%AA" title="表親">表親</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A6%AA" title="表親">表兄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A6%AA" title="表親">表弟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A6%AA" title="表親">表姐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%A6%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="表妹">表妹</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%82%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="嫂子">嫂子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%90%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="姐夫">姐夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%9F%E5%A9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="弟婦">弟妇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%B9%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="妹夫">妹夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AA%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="孪生">孪生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%AA" title="姪">姪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A5" title="甥">甥</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E8%A6%AA" title="乾親">乾親</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E8%A6%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="契親">契親</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E7%88%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="乾爹">干爹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E5%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="乾娘">干娘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E5%85%92%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="乾兒子">干儿子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E5%A5%B3%E5%85%92" class="mw-redirect" title="乾女兒">干女儿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="契兄弟">契兄弟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E5%A7%90%E5%A6%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="契姐妹">契姐妹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%8B%9C%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="結拜兄弟">结拜兄弟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%8B%9C%E5%A7%90%E5%A6%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="結拜姐妹">结拜姐妹</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="漢語親屬系統">漢語親屬系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%94%9F%E6%AC%A1%E5%BA%8F" title="出生次序">出生次序</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3" title="避讳">避讳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82" class="mw-redirect" title="稱謂">稱謂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A6%AA%E5%AF%86%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="Category:親密關係">親密關係</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_template.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="小作品圖示" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Museum_template.svg/25px-Museum_template.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Museum_template.svg/38px-Museum_template.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Museum_template.svg/50px-Museum_template.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td style="font-size:smaller">这是一篇與<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>相關的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%8F%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="Wikipedia:小作品">小作品</a>。您可以通过<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&action=edit">编辑或修订</a>扩充其内容。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture-stub" title="Template:Culture-stub"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Culture-stub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Culture-stub（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Culture-stub" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Culture-stub"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=祖先&oldid=84249777">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=祖先&oldid=84249777</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="Category:祖先">祖先</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%96%E8%88%87%E5%82%B3%E6%89%BF" title="Category:家世與傳承">家世與傳承</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="Category:親屬關係">親屬關係</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="Category:家庭結構">家庭結構</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2017%E5%B9%B412%E6%9C%88%E9%9C%80%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2017年12月需补充来源的条目">自2017年12月需补充来源的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%8B%92%E7%BB%9D%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5%E6%96%B0%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90%E6%A0%8F%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目">拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9C%89%E7%96%91%E4%BC%BC%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:有疑似原创研究语句的条目">有疑似原创研究语句的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%85%A8%E9%83%A8%E5%B0%8F%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="Category:全部小作品">全部小作品</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%B0%8F%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="Category:文化小作品">文化小作品</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年9月18日 (星期三) 01:55。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CC_BY-SA_4.0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Wikipedia:CC BY-SA 4.0协议文本">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">祖先</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>62种语言</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>添加话题</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7b4fff7949-4f67s","wgBackendResponseTime":158,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.233","walltime":"0.279","ppvisitednodes":{"value":622,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":56289,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":944,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":15190,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 204.254 1 -total"," 57.23% 116.895 6 Template:Navbox"," 49.47% 101.041 1 Template:親屬關係"," 37.33% 76.254 1 Template:Refimprove"," 34.23% 69.911 1 Template:Ambox"," 5.48% 11.189 1 Template:Culture-stub"," 4.72% 9.632 1 Template:Asbox"," 4.34% 8.857 1 Template:Or"," 2.14% 4.381 1 Template:Reflist"," 1.84% 3.759 1 Template:Lan"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.106","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1680744,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.migration-98fc988cc-h7wbz","timestamp":"20250311170026","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u7956\u5148","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q402152","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q402152","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-01-06T23:11:28Z","dateModified":"2024-09-18T01:55:21Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/55\/MET_69_100.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>