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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=Wikipedia%3A%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=Wikipedia%3A%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-来源-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关来源子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-可靠来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#可靠来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>可靠来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-可靠来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-使用来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#使用来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>使用来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-使用来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第一、第二和第三手来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第一、第二和第三手来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>第一、第二和第三手来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第一、第二和第三手来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-综合已发表材料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#综合已发表材料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>综合已发表材料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-综合已发表材料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-自我引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自我引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>自我引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自我引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-原创图像" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原创图像"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>原创图像</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-原创图像-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-翻译" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#翻译"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>翻译</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-翻译-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日常计算" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日常计算"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>日常计算</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日常计算-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关方针" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关方针"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>相关方针</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-相关方针-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关相关方针子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-相关方针-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-可供查证" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#可供查证"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>可供查证</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-可供查证-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中立的观点" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中立的观点"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>中立的观点</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中立的观点-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脚注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脚注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>脚注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脚注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">维基百科</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">非原创研究</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。84种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Geen_oorspronklike_navorsing" title="Wikipedia:Geen oorspronklike navorsing – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wikipedia:Geen oorspronklike navorsing" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Keine_Theoriefindung" title="Wikipedia:Keine Theoriefindung – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wikipedia:Keine Theoriefindung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB_%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9" title="ويكيبيديا:لا أبحاث أصيلة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:لا أبحاث أصيلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B4_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ويكيپيديا:ماتزيدش فيخرات – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ويكيپيديا:ماتزيدش فيخرات" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%89" title="ويكيبيديا:مش بحث بدائى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويكيبيديا:مش بحث بدائى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE" title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:মৌলিক গৱেষণাৰহিত লেখা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:মৌলিক গৱেষণাৰহিত লেখা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Orijinal_t%C9%99dqiqata_yer_verm%C9%99m%C9%99k" title="Vikipediya:Orijinal tədqiqata yer verməmək – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vikipediya:Orijinal tədqiqata yer verməmək" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%85%DA%A9" title="ویکی‌پدیا:اورجینال آراشدیرمالارا یئر وئرمه‌مک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:اورجینال آراشدیرمالارا یئر وئرمه‌مک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D1%8E%D0%BB_%D2%A1%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B%D2%BB%D1%8B%D2%99%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Википедия:Оригиналь тикшеренеүҙәрҙең юл ҡуйылғыһыҙлығы – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Википедия:Оригиналь тикшеренеүҙәрҙең юл ҡуйылғыһыҙлығы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Keine_Theoriefindung" title="Wikipedia:Keine Theoriefindung – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wikipedia:Keine Theoriefindung" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B5_%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Вікіпедыя:Не ўласнае даследаванне – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вікіпедыя:Не ўласнае даследаванне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%9E" title="Вікіпэдыя:Недапушчальнасьць арыгінальных дасьледаваньняў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вікіпэдыя:Недапушчальнасьць арыгінальных дасьледаваньняў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Уикипедия:Без оригинални изследвания – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уикипедия:Без оригинални изследвания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80" title="विकिपीडिया:मूल रिसर्च मनाही – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="विकिपीडिया:मूल रिसर्च मनाही" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:কোনো মৌলিক গবেষণা নয় – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:কোনো মৌলিক গবেষণা নয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bez_originalnog_istra%C5%BEivanja" title="Wikipedia:Bez originalnog istraživanja – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Wikipedia:Bez originalnog istraživanja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:No_feu_treballs_in%C3%A8dits" title="Viquipèdia:No feu treballs inèdits – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Viquipèdia:No feu treballs inèdits" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%82%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%BA%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%95" title="ویکیپیدیا:توێژینەوەی سەرەتایی قەدەغەیە – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویکیپیدیا:توێژینەوەی سەرەتایی قەدەغەیە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedie:%C5%BD%C3%A1dn%C3%BD_vlastn%C3%AD_v%C3%BDzkum" title="Wikipedie:Žádný vlastní výzkum – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikipedie:Žádný vlastní výzkum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ingen_f%C3%B8rsteh%C3%A5ndsforskning" title="Wikipedia:Ingen førstehåndsforskning – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wikipedia:Ingen førstehåndsforskning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Keine_Theoriefindung" title="Wikipedia:Keine Theoriefindung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wikipedia:Keine Theoriefindung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%8C%CF%87%CE%B9_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%B7_%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Βικιπαίδεια:Όχι πρωτότυπη έρευνα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βικιπαίδεια:Όχι πρωτότυπη έρευνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wikipedia:No original research" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedio:Ne_faru_originalan_esploradon" title="Vikipedio:Ne faru originalan esploradon – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vikipedio:Ne faru originalan esploradon" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_no_es_una_fuente_primaria" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia no es una fuente primaria – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia no es una fuente primaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9" title="ویکی‌پدیا:تحقیق دست‌اول ممنوع – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:تحقیق دست‌اول ممنوع" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ei_uutta_tutkimusta" title="Wikipedia:Ei uutta tutkimusta – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wikipedia:Ei uutta tutkimusta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Travaux_in%C3%A9dits" title="Wikipédia:Travaux inédits – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wikipédia:Travaux inédits" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedy:Gjin_orizjineel_%C3%BBndersyk" title="Wikipedy:Gjin orizjineel ûndersyk – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wikipedy:Gjin orizjineel ûndersyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:A_Wikipedia_non_%C3%A9_unha_fonte_primaria" title="Wikipedia:A Wikipedia non é unha fonte primaria – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wikipedia:A Wikipedia non é unha fonte primaria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE:%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%82" title="વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રારંભિક સંશોધન નહીં – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રારંભિક સંશોધન નહીં" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="ויקיפדיה:מחקר מקורי – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקיפדיה:מחקר מקורי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82" title="विकिपीडिया:मूल शोध नहीं – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिपीडिया:मूल शोध नहीं" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Bez_vlastitog_istra%C5%BEivanja" title="Wikipedija:Bez vlastitog istraživanja – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wikipedija:Bez vlastitog istraživanja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:A_Wikip%C3%A9dia_nem_az_els%C5%91_k%C3%B6zl%C3%A9s_helye" title="Wikipédia:A Wikipédia nem az első közlés helye – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wikipédia:A Wikipédia nem az első közlés helye" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1:%D5%88%D5%B9_%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A6%D5%A2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Վիքիպեդիա:Ոչ մի սկզբնական հետազոտություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիքիպեդիա:Ոչ մի սկզբնական հետազոտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bukan_riset_asli" title="Wikipedia:Bukan riset asli – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wikipedia:Bukan riset asli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Awan_ti_kasisigud_a_panagsukimat" title="Wikipedia:Awan ti kasisigud a panagsukimat – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Wikipedia:Awan ti kasisigud a panagsukimat" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Engar_frumranns%C3%B3knir" title="Wikipedia:Engar frumrannsóknir – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Wikipedia:Engar frumrannsóknir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Niente_ricerche_originali" title="Wikipedia:Niente ricerche originali – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wikipedia:Niente ricerche originali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%8B%AC%E8%87%AA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E3%81%AF%E8%BC%89%E3%81%9B%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84" title="Wikipedia:独自研究は載せない – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Wikipedia:独自研究は載せない" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Dudu_riset_asli" title="Wikipédia:Dudu riset asli – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wikipédia:Dudu riset asli" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ვიკიპედია:ორიგინალური კვლევის დაუშვებლობა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიკიპედია:ორიგინალური კვლევის დაუშვებლობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%C3%93z_betinshe_izertlewlerdi%C5%84_qada%C7%B5anl%C4%B1%C7%B5%C4%B1" title="Wikipedia:Óz betinshe izertlewlerdiń qadaǵanlıǵı – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Wikipedia:Óz betinshe izertlewlerdiń qadaǵanlıǵı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D3%A8%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Уикипедия:Өзіндік зерттеулерге жол бермеу – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уикипедия:Өзіндік зерттеулерге жол бермеу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF:%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81" title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಸ್ವಂತ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ಸಲ್ಲದು – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಸ್ವಂತ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ಸಲ್ಲದು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8F%85%EC%9E%90_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC_%EA%B8%88%EC%A7%80" title="위키백과:독자 연구 금지 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키백과:독자 연구 금지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedija:Vikipedija_n%C4%97ra_pirminis_%C5%A1altinis" title="Vikipedija:Vikipedija nėra pirminis šaltinis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikipedija:Vikipedija nėra pirminis šaltinis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bukan_riset_nan_usali" title="Wikipedia:Bukan riset nan usali – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Wikipedia:Bukan riset nan usali" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Википедија:Без свои истражувања – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Википедија:Без свои истражувања" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:കണ്ടെത്തലുകൾ അരുത് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:കണ്ടെത്തലുകൾ അരുത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Larangan_penyelidikan_asli" title="Wikipedia:Larangan penyelidikan asli – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wikipedia:Larangan penyelidikan asli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား:ကိုယ်တိုင် ထုတ်ဖော်ထားသော သုတေသနများ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား:ကိုယ်တိုင် ထုတ်ဖော်ထားသော သုတေသနများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%AF%D9%BE:%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85_%DA%AF%D9%BE" title="ویکی‌پدیا گپ:پرچم گپ – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا گپ:پرچم گپ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A7" title="विकिपिडिया:मूलअनुसन्धानमा लेख निषेध – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विकिपिडिया:मूलअनुसन्धानमा लेख निषेध" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Geen_origineel_onderzoek" title="Wikipedia:Geen origineel onderzoek – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wikipedia:Geen origineel onderzoek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Inga_ny_forsking" title="Wikipedia:Inga ny forsking – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Wikipedia:Inga ny forsking" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ingen_originalforskning_(utkast)" title="Wikipedia:Ingen originalforskning (utkast) – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wikipedia:Ingen originalforskning (utkast)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Nie_przedstawiamy_tw%C3%B3rczo%C5%9Bci_w%C5%82asnej" title="Wikipedia:Nie przedstawiamy twórczości własnej – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikipedia:Nie przedstawiamy twórczości własnej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Nada_de_pesquisa_in%C3%A9dita" title="Wikipédia:Nada de pesquisa inédita – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:Nada de pesquisa inédita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:F%C4%83r%C4%83_cercetare_original%C4%83" title="Wikipedia:Fără cercetare originală – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wikipedia:Fără cercetare originală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Википедия:Недопустимость оригинальных исследований – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Недопустимость оригинальных исследований" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Nenti_ricerchi_urigginali" title="Wikipedia:Nenti ricerchi urigginali – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Wikipedia:Nenti ricerchi urigginali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Na_oreeginal_resairch" title="Wikipedia:Na oreeginal resairch – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wikipedia:Na oreeginal resairch" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Bez_vlastitog_istra%C5%BEivanja" title="Wikipedija:Bez vlastitog istraživanja – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wikipedija:Bez vlastitog istraživanja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1" title="විකිපීඩියා:සම්භූති චින්තනයෙන් වැළකෙන්න – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:සම්භූති චින්තනයෙන් වැළකෙන්න" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wikipedia:No original research" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C5%BDiadny_vlastn%C3%BD_v%C3%BDskum" title="Wikipédia:Žiadny vlastný výskum – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wikipédia:Žiadny vlastný výskum" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Brez_izvirnega_raziskovanja" title="Wikipedija:Brez izvirnega raziskovanja – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wikipedija:Brez izvirnega raziskovanja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Jo_hulumtime_vetjake" title="Wikipedia:Jo hulumtime vetjake – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Wikipedia:Jo hulumtime vetjake" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Википедија:Без оригиналног истраживања – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Википедија:Без оригиналног истраживања" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ingen_originalforskning" title="Wikipedia:Ingen originalforskning – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikipedia:Ingen originalforskning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE:%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:புத்தாக்க ஆய்வு கூடாது – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:புத்தாக்க ஆய்வு கூடாது" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%82" title="వికీపీడియా:మౌలిక పరిశోధనలు నిషిద్ధం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వికీపీడియా:మౌలిక పరిశోధనలు నిషిద్ధం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Википедиа:Норавоии таҳқиқи аслӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Википедиа:Норавоии таҳқиқи аслӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="วิกิพีเดีย:งดงานค้นคว้าต้นฉบับ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิกิพีเดีย:งดงานค้นคว้าต้นฉบับ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedi%C3%BDa:Elin_agtary%C5%9F_gadagan" title="Wikipediýa:Elin agtaryş gadagan – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Wikipediýa:Elin agtaryş gadagan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:%C3%96zg%C3%BCn_ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalara_yer_vermemek" title="Vikipedi:Özgün araştırmalara yer vermemek – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikipedi:Özgün araştırmalara yer vermemek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D2%AE%D0%B7_%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BD%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Википедия:Үз эзләнүләрең булмаска тиеш – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Википедия:Үз эзләнүләрең булмаска тиеш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F:%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Вікіпедія:Жодних оригінальних досліджень – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікіпедія:Жодних оригінальних досліджень" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82_%D9%86%DB%81%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="ویکیپیڈیا:اصل تحقیق نہیں – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویکیپیڈیا:اصل تحقیق نہیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Mustaqil_tadqiqotlarning_taqiqlanganligi" title="Vikipediya:Mustaqil tadqiqotlarning taqiqlanganligi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vikipediya:Mustaqil tadqiqotlarning taqiqlanganligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kh%C3%B4ng_%C4%91%C4%83ng_nghi%C3%AAn_c%E1%BB%A9u_ch%C6%B0a_%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c_c%C3%B4ng_b%E1%BB%91" title="Wikipedia:Không đăng nghiên cứu chưa được công bố – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wikipedia:Không đăng nghiên cứu chưa được công bố" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%B0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D6%BC%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2:%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="װיקיפּעדיע:קיין אריגינעלע פארשונג – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="װיקיפּעדיע:קיין אריגינעלע פארשונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4656524#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-project" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="查看维基计划页面[c]" accesskey="c"><span>项目页面</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit" title="该页面已被保护。你可以查看该页源码。[e]" accesskey="e"><span>查看源代码</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit"><span>查看源代码</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&oldid=84853124" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWikipedia%3A%25E9%259D%259E%25E5%258E%259F%25E5%2588%259B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWikipedia%3A%25E9%259D%259E%25E5%258E%259F%25E5%2588%259B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Wikipedia%3A%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_no_original_research_policy" hreflang="en"><span>元维基</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikispecies:No_original_research" hreflang="en"><span>维基物种</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%B5%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" hreflang="zh"><span>维基学院</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4656524" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-18cc69fe" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-protected-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D#ecp" title="Wikipedia:保護方針"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Extended-protection-shackle-account-pro-plus.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle-account-pro-plus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Extended-protection-shackle-account-pro-plus.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle-account-pro-plus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Extended-protection-shackle-account-pro-plus.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle-account-pro-plus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-18cc69fe" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="MediaWiki special"></div></div></div> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/30px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/45px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/60px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding: 5px 0;"><b>本頁是中文維基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="Wikipedia:方針與指引">方針</a>，經社群商議並採納。</b><br/><small>使用者<b>通常應該遵守</b>此方針。</small><br/><small>任何對此方針的編輯都必須反映<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86" title="Wikipedia:共识">社群共識</a>，否則請先於<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia talk:非原创研究">討論頁</a>或<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88/%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:互助客栈/方针">互助客棧</a>發起討論。</small></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83102931">.mw-parser-output .shortcutbox{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);margin:0 0 0 1em;padding:.3em .6em .2em .6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .shortcutbox-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .shortcutbox-ombox{float:right;border-left:1px solid #aaa;padding:.4em 0em .4em 1em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-weight:bold;font-size:smaller;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;margin-bottom:.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .shortcut-anchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);margin:0 0 0 1em;padding:.3em .6em .2em .6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .module-omboxshortcutplain{float:right;border-left:1px solid #aaa;padding:.4em 0em .4em 1em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-weight:bold;font-size:smaller;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;margin-bottom:.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:NOR"></span><span id="WP:OR"></span></div><div class="module-omboxshortcutplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%8D%B7%E5%BE%91" title="Wikipedia:捷徑">快捷方式</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NOR&redirect=no">WP:NOR</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:OR&redirect=no">WP:OR</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Walnut.svg/30px-Walnut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Walnut.svg/45px-Walnut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Walnut.svg/60px-Walnut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>本頁簡而言之：</b> <ul><li>维基百科<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOT">并不是</a>发表原创观念的地方：维基百科的所有内容都应由<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">已发表的可靠来源</a>支持。</li> <li>条目不应该包含有对已发表材料的新式分析和总结，如若这些分析与总结产生了原始来源中并未明确的立场。</li> <li>如果您想發表原创研究，請到維基百科的姊妹計劃<a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">維基學院</a>。</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" 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.sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist skin-invert" style="width:auto;background:#f5faff;font-size:90%;line-height:1.6em; width:21.5em; clear:right"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#cee0f2;;font-size:130%;padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em; display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="Wikipedia:方針與指引">方針與指引</a><small>（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Wikipedia:方针指引列表">列表</a>）</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cee0f2;;padding:0.1em 0.25em 0.15em;"> 原则</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%AF%E6%9F%B1" title="Wikipedia:五大支柱">五大支柱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99" title="Wikipedia:忽略所有规则">忽略所有规则</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:核心内容方针">核心内容方针</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cee0f2;;padding:0.1em 0.25em 0.15em;"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#內容方針" title="Wikipedia:方針列表">內容</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">可供查證</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">非原创</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9" title="Wikipedia:中立的观点">中立观点</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">避免地域中心</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84" title="Wikipedia:命名常规">命名常规</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%94%9F%E8%80%85%E5%82%B3%E8%A8%98" title="Wikipedia:生者傳記">生者傳記</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%87%AA%E5%82%B3" title="Wikipedia:自傳">自传</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#列表概述" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/列表">列表概述</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#獨立列表之存廢標準" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/列表">独立列表存废</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:文件使用方针">文件使用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88" title="Wikipedia:维基百科不是什么">维基百科不是什么</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="Wikipedia:维基百科不是词典">不是词典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91#非中文重定向問題" title="Wikipedia:重定向">非中文重定向</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cee0f2;;padding:0.1em 0.25em 0.15em;"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#行為方針" title="Wikipedia:方針列表">行为</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="Wikipedia:文明">文明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86" title="Wikipedia:共识">共識</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E4%BA%BA%E8%BA%AB%E6%94%BB%E5%87%BB" title="Wikipedia:不要人身攻击">不要人身攻击</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%88%B0" title="Wikipedia:編輯戰">编辑战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:编辑方针">编辑守则</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">保護方針</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%AD%BE%E5%90%8D" title="Wikipedia:签名">签名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A8%B7%E6%93%BE" title="Wikipedia:騷擾">騷擾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%9C%89%E5%84%9F%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:有償編輯方針">有償編輯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A0%B4%E5%9D%8F" title="Wikipedia:破坏">破坏</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cee0f2;;padding:0.1em 0.25em 0.15em;"> 列表</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Wikipedia:方針列表">方針</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Wikipedia:指引列表">指引</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">格式手册</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cee0f2;;padding:0.1em 0.25em 0.15em;"> 用户方針</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E5%90%8D" title="Wikipedia:用户名">用户名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="Wikipedia:机器人">机器人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%91%98" title="Wikipedia:管理员">管理员</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%88%B0" title="Wikipedia:管理戰">管理战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%93%A1%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%A2%E4%BB%BB" title="Wikipedia:管理員的離任">管理员的离任</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%AC%8A%E9%99%90%E7%94%B3%E8%AB%8B" title="Wikipedia:權限申請">权限申请</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%A7%A3%E9%99%A4%E6%AC%8A%E9%99%90%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:解除權限方針">解除權限方針</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B0%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2%E5%B7%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="Wikipedia:新頁面巡查">新页面巡查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9B%9E%E9%80%80%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD" title="Wikipedia:回退功能">回退功能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B6%E6%9F%A5%E6%A0%B8%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:用戶查核方針">用户查核方针</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%81%E7%A6%81%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:封禁方针">封禁方针</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A6%81%E5%88%B6%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:禁制方针">禁制方针</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1" title="Wikipedia:傀儡">傀儡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3" title="Wikipedia:监督">监督</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP%E5%B0%81%E7%A6%81%E8%B1%81%E5%85%8D" title="Wikipedia:IP封禁豁免">IP封禁豁免</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%BB%E5%85%8D%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%E8%B3%87%E6%A0%BC" title="Wikipedia:人事任免投票資格">人事任免投票資格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="Wikipedia:基金會行動">基金會行動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%BF%97%E6%84%BF%E8%80%85%E5%9B%9E%E5%A4%8D%E5%9B%A2%E9%98%9F" title="Wikipedia:志愿者回复团队">志愿者回复团队</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7" title="Wikipedia:机器用户">机器用户</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%91%98" title="Wikipedia:行政员">行政员</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E5%93%A1" title="Wikipedia:模板編輯員">模板編輯員</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%8E%E6%BF%BE%E5%99%A8%E5%8A%A9%E7%90%86" title="Wikipedia:過濾器助理">過濾器助理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E8%80%85" title="Wikipedia:活动组织者">活动组织者</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cee0f2;;padding:0.1em 0.25em 0.15em;"> 參見</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_copyright" title="Template:Wikipedia copyright">維基百科著作權</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Template:方针列表"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Template talk:方针列表"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:方针列表"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist skin-invert" style="width:auto;background:#f5faff;font-size:90%;line-height:1.6em; width:200px;clear:right"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#cee0f2;;font-size:130%;padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em; display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:内容方针">内容方针</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cee0f2;;padding:0.1em 0.25em 0.15em;"> <span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:核心内容方针">核心内容方针</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9" title="Wikipedia:中立的观点">中立的观点</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">非原创研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">可供查證</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cee0f2;;padding:0.1em 0.25em 0.15em;"> <span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:内容方针">其他内容方針</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84" title="Wikipedia:命名常规">命名常规</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">避免地域中心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%94%9F%E8%80%85%E5%82%B3%E8%A8%98" title="Wikipedia:生者傳記">生者傳記</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%87%AA%E5%82%B3" title="Wikipedia:自傳">自传</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:文件使用方针">文件使用方针</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88" title="Wikipedia:维基百科不是什么">维基百科不是什么</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="Wikipedia:维基百科不是词典">维基百科不是词典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:非中文重定向">非中文重定向</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#列表概述" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/列表">列表概述</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#獨立列表存廢標準" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/列表">独立列表存废标准</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Template:内容方针列表"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Template talk:内容方针列表"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:内容方针列表"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>维基百科不是存放原创研究或原创观念的场所</b>。在維基百科裡所谓原创研究或原创观念，指的是未<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90#发表的定义" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">发表</a>的事实、争论、觀點、推论和想法；以及对已发表材料进行的未发表<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="分析">分析</a>、综合或总结，并产生或暗示新的结论。以上意味着<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOT">维基百科不是</a>存放您的个人观点、经验或争论的场所。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">列明来源</a>同避免原创研究是紧密相连的。要证明你没有发表原创研究，你必须列明与条目主题<b>直接相关</b>、且<b>直接支持</b>条目内容的可靠来源。 </p><p>「<b>维基百科:非原创研究</b>」是維基百科三項核心內容方針之一。另外两项是「<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9" title="Wikipedia:中立的观点">维基百科:中立的观点</a>」和「<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">维基百科:可供查证</a>」。這三項方針共同決定了維基百科条目收錄内容的種類和品質。因此，編輯者不应把个别方针孤立地诠释，而應盡量熟悉它們全部。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="来源" data-mw-thread-id="h-来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-来源"></span>来源<span data-mw-comment-end="h-来源"></span></h2></div> <p>维基百科建立在对可靠来源的收集和整理之上。如果没有可靠的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IS">第三方来源</a>来支持某个主题，关于这一主题的条目不应出现在维基百科上。维基百科不是发表编者个人新发现的地方。 </p><p>最好的做法是去研究与主题相关的可靠已发表来源，并在不改变原意的前提下，用自己的话<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E5%AF%AB" title="改寫">改寫</a>各个来源所说的内容，让条目中的每一主张都能被归属到明确作过此等主张的来源去。但应注意，切勿超越来源中的表达，或者将来源用在与其本意不符的场合，譬如撰写<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%A2%83%E5%8E%BB%E9%99%A4" title="語境去除">与来源上下文无关</a>的内容。简而言之，我们应该<b>照着来源写</b>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="可靠来源" data-mw-thread-id="h-可靠来源-来源"><span id=".E5.8F.AF.E9.9D.A0.E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-可靠来源-来源"></span>可靠来源<span data-mw-comment-end="h-可靠来源-来源"></span></h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主页面：<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81#可靠来源" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">维基百科:可供查证 § 可靠来源</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">维基百科:可靠来源</a>和<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%94%9F%E8%80%85%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%B0#可靠來源" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:生者传记">维基百科:生者传记 § 可靠來源</a></div> <p>任何被质疑或可能被质疑的材料，都应有着可靠来源的支持。无法找到可靠来源的内容会被视作原创研究。唯一可让你的编辑不被归类为原创研究的方法，是去创作一篇包含相同内容，并已在可靠来源上发表的文章。再言，即便是一段来源充足的内容，如果你在其中撰写了与来源全文无关的文字，或者提出了来源中没有<b>直接和明确</b>支持的立场，你同样进行了原创研究；详见<a href="#综合已发表材料">下文</a>。 </p><p>通常来说，最可靠的来源是大学出版社出版的同行评审期刊与书籍，大学级别的教科书，著名出版社出版的杂志、期刊、书籍，以及主流的报纸。经验表明，参与查证事实、分析法律问题、深究特定领域证据与争议的人士越多，出版物的可靠性就越高。个人出版的材料，无论出版于纸媒还是网络上，通常都不被视为可靠来源，但请参见<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81#个人出版物（网络与纸媒）" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">可供查证的相关段落</a>了解例外情况。 </p><p>如果您证明了一件当今尚少人或无人相信的事物，维基百科并不是发表您的证明的第一场所。当您的证明在可靠来源发表后，维基百科才会收录它。参见<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">维基百科:可供查证</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="使用来源" data-mw-thread-id="h-使用来源-来源"><span id=".E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8.E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-使用来源-来源"></span>使用来源<span data-mw-comment-end="h-使用来源-来源"></span></h3></div> <p>条目中的信息必须出现在条目列出的参考文献中，亦即必须<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">可供查证</a>。条目的陈述不应基于不明确或不一致的来源，亦不应基于随意的评论。对详细讨论的概要应该能反映出来源作者的结论。无论使用何种类型的来源，都不应描述来源中没有明确提及的结论，否则就是原创研究。在正文和主题中列明来源是非常重要的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第一、第二和第三手来源" data-mw-thread-id="h-第一、第二和第三手来源-来源"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E3.80.81.E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E5.92.8C.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E6.89.8B.E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-第一、第二和第三手来源-来源"></span>第一、第二和第三手来源<span data-mw-comment-end="h-第一、第二和第三手来源-来源"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83102931"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:PSTS"></span><span id="WP:PRIMARY"></span><span id="WP:SECONDARY"></span><span id="WP:第一手来源"></span><span id="WP:第二手来源"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%8D%B7%E5%BE%91" title="Wikipedia:捷徑">方針快捷方式</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PSTS&redirect=no">WP:PSTS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PRIMARY&redirect=no">WP:PRIMARY</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SECONDARY&redirect=no">WP:SECONDARY</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%89%8B%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90&redirect=no">WP:第一手来源</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%89%8B%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90&redirect=no">WP:第二手来源</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>第一、第二和第三手来源亦被分别称为一次、二次和三次文献。维基百科的条目应该主要依赖于已出版且可靠的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%89%8B%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" class="mw-redirect" title="第二手来源">第二手来源</a>，并有限度地依赖于<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%89%8B%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" class="mw-redirect" title="第三手来源">第三手来源</a>。所有对<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%89%8B%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" class="mw-redirect" title="第一手来源">第一手来源</a>的解释、分析或总结都应引用自第二手来源，而不由维基百科编者来进行原创分析。 </p><p>根据维基百科的方针和指引的解释，第一、第二和第三手来源有如下定义：<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>第三手来源</b>发表于百科全书或其他纲目书籍，主要是对第二手来源的总结。例如，维基百科的定位是第三手来源。许多介绍性的大学级教科书亦可被视为第三手来源，因为它们对大量的第二手来源进行了总结。</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>我们的方针：第三手来源对众多第一、二手来源进行了总结，它可以为我们提供在某个主题上涉及面广泛的概要。有些第三手来源甚至比其他来源更为可靠，在这些第三手来源的支持下，条目的可靠性会有所提高。<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81#可靠来源" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">WP:可供查证#可靠来源</a>给出了评定来源可靠程度的标准。</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>第二手来源</b>距事件本身至少会有一步之遥。它们所陈述的事实与观点建基于第一手来源上，并对之进行分析、总结、解释、说明乃至评价。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>我们的方针：维基百科的条目通常应基于第二手来源。条目中可以包含已在可靠的第二手来源中发表过的分析、总结、解释、说明或评价。</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>第一手来源</b>是非常接近于事件本身的来源。例如，目击者对车祸现场的报告就是这场事故的第一手来源。其他的例子还包括：考古发现、照片、历史文件（如日记等）、人口普查结果、监视设备、公开听证会、审讯和采访的录像及笔录、问卷调查的结果表、哲学原作、宗教经文、实验观察记录、实地考察记录，诗歌、剧本、小说、电影、视频和电视节目等艺术与虚构作品。判断来源是否属于第一手来源的关键要素，是第一手来源能提供针对某次事件、某段历史时期、某件艺术作品、某个政治决定等的内部观点。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>我们的方针：已发表且可靠的第一手来源（如由大学出版社或主流报纸发表）<b>可能可以</b>使用于维基百科，但应小心谨慎，以避免滥用。对第一手来源的任何解释都需要可靠的第二手来源的相同解释加以支持。如果没有第二手来源，第一手来源只能用于描述性断言，这样的断言应使得一名理性且受过教育的非专业人士能够加以验证。例如，一篇关于小说的条目可以引用小说的段落来描述情节，但对这些段落的任何解释都需要第二手来源支持。</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>根据维基人个人经历写成的无来源内容不应被加入条目中，如未发表的目击者报告。否则这会同时违反本方针和<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">可供查证</a>方针，并导致维基百科成为内容的第一手来源。 </p><p>如何适当地引用来源可能是一个复杂问题，这里只给出了一点总体上的规定。在特定场合，如何判断第一、第二或第三手来源哪个最合适，需要依靠编者的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COMMON" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COMMON">常识</a>和良好的编辑判断力，并应在条目的讨论页上讨论。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="综合已发表材料" data-mw-thread-id="h-综合已发表材料"><span id=".E7.BB.BC.E5.90.88.E5.B7.B2.E5.8F.91.E8.A1.A8.E6.9D.90.E6.96.99"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-综合已发表材料"></span>综合已发表材料<span data-mw-comment-end="h-综合已发表材料"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Wikipedia:原创总结不是什么" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wikipedia:What SYNTH is not"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:原创总结不是什么（页面不存在）">Wikipedia:原创总结不是什么</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_SYNTH_is_not" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:What SYNTH is not"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wikipedia:What SYNTH is not</span></a></span>）</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83102931"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:SYN"></span><span id="WP:SYNTH"></span><span id="WP:原创总结"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%8D%B7%E5%BE%91" title="Wikipedia:捷徑">方針快捷方式</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SYN&redirect=no">WP:SYN</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SYNTH&redirect=no">WP:SYNTH</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93&redirect=no">WP:原创总结</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>切勿汇集、综合多个来源的信息或单个来源中的不同部分，以得出或暗示并未由来源明确提及的结论。编辑者不应犯下这样的错误：因为A发表于可靠来源，B也发表于可靠来源，因此就可以在条目中将A和B综合起来得出或暗示结论C。这等同于原创研究，因为这是对已发表材料的不恰当综合或总结，会产生新的立场。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>“因为A和B，所以C”<b>只有在</b>可靠来源也发表了与C相同的主张，且C主张与条目主题相关时才能出现。如果A和B出现在同一个来源的不同上下文处，但该来源没有将它们结合起来并论证得到结论C，则编者不应该在条目中采用C。 </p><p>原创总结的简单案例： </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>联合国的明确目标是维持国际的和平与安全，<b>但</b>自其成立以来，全世界<b>已</b>發生过160场战争。</p></blockquote> <p>尽管句中没有给出任何结论，且其中提到两个事实都是真实的，然而这句话实际暗示了联合国没能成功地去维护世界和平。假若未曾有可靠来源把资料按照上述做法合成，那么这就将导致原创研究。在不提供来源的情况下，同样的资料在不同方式的阐述下，可以轻易地暗示出迥然不同的观点。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>联合国的明确目标是维持国际的和平与安全，<b>且</b>自其成立以来，全世界<b>僅</b>發生过160场战争。</p></blockquote> <p>下面为较复杂的原创总结案例。该案例来自真实的英语维基百科条目，条目中叙述的争议于发生在两名作者之间，这里分别称他们为史密斯（Smith）和琼斯（Jones）。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>史密斯认为琼斯<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%BD%E7%AB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="剽竊">剽窃</a>了另一作者的书籍。琼斯回应说，使用他人书籍来查找新的参考文献是可接受的学术惯例。</p></blockquote> <p>下面便开始了原创总结： </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>如果琼斯没有查阅原始文献，便会违背哈佛《学会引用》（<span lang="en"><i>Writing with Sources</i></span>）<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>手册的推荐做法，该手册要求引用来源时应真确地查阅过原文献。哈佛手册并未将违反这一做法称为“剽窃”，而将剽窃定义为使用来源中的信息、想法、文字或结构却不列明来源。</p></blockquote> <p>例子的第一段是完全依照来源的。然而，第二段却是原创研究，因为它表达了编者的观点：用哈佛手册对剽窃的定义来主张琼斯没有剽窃。要让第二段符合本方针，则应提供相关的可靠来源，这一来源应对史密斯与琼斯争议进行<b>特定的</b>评论，并应根据哈佛手册对剽窃的定义作出相同的主张。换句话说，只有在<b>与条目主题相关</b>的可靠来源发表了某一分析后，编者才能在维基百科发表这一分析。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="自我引用" data-mw-thread-id="h-自我引用"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E6.88.91.E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-自我引用"></span>自我引用<span data-mw-comment-end="h-自我引用"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83102931"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:COS"></span><span id="WP:自我引用"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%8D%B7%E5%BE%91" title="Wikipedia:捷徑">方針快捷方式</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:COS&redirect=no">WP:COS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&redirect=no">WP:自我引用</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>本方针并不禁止那些拥有专业知识的编者将他们的知识加入维基百科，但它禁止编者在添加个人知识时却不列明他们的来源。如果编者曾在可靠出版物上发表过他的研究成果，这名编者应在遵守<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9" title="Wikipedia:中立的观点">中立方针</a>的前提下以第三人称的方式添加他们的研究，并列明来源。参见<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%8A%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" title="Wikipedia:利益衝突">利益冲突指引</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="原创图像" data-mw-thread-id="h-原创图像"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E5.88.9B.E5.9B.BE.E5.83.8F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-原创图像"></span>原创图像<span data-mw-comment-end="h-原创图像"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83102931"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:OI"></span><span id="WP:原创图像"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%8D%B7%E5%BE%91" title="Wikipedia:捷徑">方針快捷方式</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:OI&redirect=no">WP:OI</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F&redirect=no">WP:原创图像</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>由于各国的版权法律，现有已发表的图像中，只有相对较少的图像可被用于维基百科。因此，维基百科编者创作的照片、绘画以及其他类型的图像成为了我们的主要图像来源。为了给条目增加插图，我们鼓励编者自行摄制照片、绘制画作或图表，并以允许商业性使用和演绎的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="知识共享许可协议">知识共享许可协议</a>或其他自由著作权协议上传到<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="c:">维基共享资源</a>并在维基百科中使用。根据NOR方针，由维基百科编者创作的原创图像不被视为原创研究——<b>只要他们没有在图像中绘制或表现未发表的想法或观点</b>。 </p><p>构成原创研究的图像无论以任何方式都不能用于条目。编者不能使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="图像处理">图像处理</a>技术来改变图像中所表现的真相或物体的实际位置。如果图像曾经被处理过，则应在条目中明确说明这一点。如果图像的百科价值因图像处理而受到了实质性影响，它将会被提交到<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%AD%98%E5%BA%9F%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:文件存废讨论">维基百科:文件存废讨论</a>。 </p><p>图像的说明亦应遵循本方针，与条目正文没有任何区别。在对图像进行说明时，应特别注意不能将原创研究引入条目中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="翻译" data-mw-thread-id="h-翻译"><span id=".E7.BF.BB.E8.AF.91"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-翻译"></span>翻译<span data-mw-comment-end="h-翻译"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83102931"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:原創譯名"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%8D%B7%E5%BE%91" title="Wikipedia:捷徑">方針快捷方式</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%B5%E8%AD%AF%E5%90%8D&redirect=no">WP:原創譯名</a></span></li></ul></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84" title="Wikipedia:命名常规">WP:命名常规</a></div> <p>对于外文语段或词语<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>而言，在遵守著作权限制的前提下，应优先使用可靠来源翻译的中文版本，而非由维基百科编者自行翻译。如果外文语段或词语没有不受著作权所限的中文版本，除专有名词之外（见下两段条文），本方针并不限制维基百科编者自行翻译，但如果自行翻译的版本受到了质疑，众编者就应协力改善，以达成众人都能接受的版本。 </p><p>中文维基百科针对编者自行翻译外文专有名词<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>有一定的限制。当可靠来源中存在某一外文专有名词中译时，编者禁止自创新译名，下文均讨论可靠来源完全未出现某一外文专有名词中译时的处理原则。外文人名、地名若要翻译，超出各地标准、规范、惯例（如中国大陆的翻译规范有《<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%91%E9%9F%B3%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:外语译音表">外语译音表</a>》等）自行选字音译或选词意译均属原创研究。除人名、地名外的其他外文专有名词（如作品名、公司名、政权名、时代名等等）编者一般不可（见下段例外情况）自行翻译，否则属于原创研究。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>对某一专有名词或某一系列专名，若对于“应允许编者自行翻译”及翻译方式、翻译用字/词可形成<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86" title="Wikipedia:共识">共识</a>，则不受前述限制，允许编者暂时采纳自行翻译的译名。可能形成这种共识的情况如：可靠来源中虽未出现某一专有名词的中译，但存在翻译该类名词时固定的选词、语法、格式习惯<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这些共识可能存在于方针指引（如《<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A6%8F_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8B%95%E6%BC%AB%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE)" title="Wikipedia:命名常規 (日本動漫遊戲條目)">命名常规·日本动漫游戏条目</a>》），也可能在某单篇条目讨论页中形成。 </p><p>根据标准、规范、惯例自译的人名、地名和根据共识自译的其他专有名词（即所有非直接选取自可靠来源的专有名词中译）均须标注外文原文。若随着时间推移，原未在可靠来源中出现中文译名的外文专有名词在可靠来源中出现了中译，且与编者自译的版本不同，则应及时将自译译名修改为可靠来源发表的译名<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="日常计算" data-mw-thread-id="h-日常计算"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E5.B8.B8.E8.AE.A1.E7.AE.97"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-日常计算"></span>日常计算<span data-mw-comment-end="h-日常计算"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83102931"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:CALC"></span><span id="WP:日常計算"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%8D%B7%E5%BE%91" title="Wikipedia:捷徑">方針快捷方式</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CALC&redirect=no">WP:CALC</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%B8%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97&redirect=no">WP:日常計算</a></span></li></ul></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="CALC"></span><span class="anchor" id="計算"></span><span class="anchor" id="计算"></span>本方针并不限制日常计算的内容，譬如<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="初等函数">初等函數</a>的計算<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E4%BF%AE%E7%BA%A6" title="数值修约">数值修约</a>、单位换算、年龄计算或使用以上運算做的有限次簡單推導，倘若众编者<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86" title="Wikipedia:共识">同意</a>其算法和计算是正确的。但须确保这类计算所需的信息可以在至少一个来源中全部得到查证，通过多个来源综合得到的数据的计算结果则不适合出现在条目中。若其他編者有異議，可以透過註釋的方式標註計算過程。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="相关方针" data-mw-thread-id="h-相关方针"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E6.96.B9.E9.92.88"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-相关方针"></span>相关方针<span data-mw-comment-end="h-相关方针"></span></h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="可供查证" data-mw-thread-id="h-可供查证-相关方针"><span id=".E5.8F.AF.E4.BE.9B.E6.9F.A5.E8.AF.81"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-可供查证-相关方针"></span>可供查证<span data-mw-comment-end="h-可供查证-相关方针"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主页面：<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">维基百科:可供查证</a></div> <p>维基百科内容的门槛，是<b>可供查证</b>，而非<b>真实正确</b>。本方针与可供查证方针相互巩固，并共同作出了以下要求：维基百科只应使用在可靠来源中发表的断言、理论、意见与论点。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中立的观点" data-mw-thread-id="h-中立的观点-相关方针"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E7.AB.8B.E7.9A.84.E8.A7.82.E7.82.B9"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-中立的观点-相关方针"></span>中立的观点<span data-mw-comment-end="h-中立的观点-相关方针"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主页面：<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9" title="Wikipedia:中立的观点">维基百科:中立的观点</a></div> <p>对原创研究的禁止限制了编辑者在条目中表达自身观点的程度。本方针要求，我们应该使用他人发表的可验证研究来巩固内容的重要性，这促使编辑者在条目中写入多种观点。因此，本方针巩固了我们的中立方针。许多情况下，对于一个论题都会有很多已有的看法。这种情况下，不管研究得多么深入，任何一方的立场都不能说是权威的。任何编者都没有义务去研究<b>所有的</b>观点。但在将各式研究写入条目时，编者应着重于提供该观点的相关信息：如指出立场的普及程度、是多数观点还是少数观点等。 </p><p>包括只由极少数人持有的观点会构成原创研究。<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="吉米·威尔士">吉米·威尔士</a>曾说过： </p> <ul><li>如果是多数观点，那么提及普遍接受的参考文字便可很容易地证实它；</li> <li>如果是重要少数观点，那么很容易找到一批知名的拥护者；</li> <li>如果是极少数（或极有限）观点，那么它并不属于维基百科，无论它是否真实，无论你是否能够证明它，除非它出现在一些补充条目中。维基百科不是存放原创研究的场所。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="脚注" data-mw-thread-id="h-脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-脚注"></span>脚注<span data-mw-comment-end="h-脚注"></span></h2></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">不同的专业领域对待第一和第二手来源可能有着不同的区分方法，有些领域还对第二和第三手来源有着不同的区分方式。此处的第一、第二和第三手来源均按照维基百科的解释加以定义。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.umd.edu/guides/primary-sources.html">马里兰大学图书馆的网站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20091230070606/http://www.lib.umd.edu/guides/primary-sources.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）提供了第一、第二和第三手来源的一些典型案例。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/instruct/guides/primarysources.html">加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校图书馆</a>（Portuguese Web Archive的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080316090622/http%3A//www.lib.berkeley.edu/instruct/guides/primarysources.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2008-03-16）将“第二手来源”定义为“对历史事件或现象进行解释或分析的作品。通常距事件本身至少会有一步之遥。”（<span style="font-size:smaller;">原文：“A work that interprets or analyzes an historical event or phenomenon. It is generally at least one step removed from the event.”</span>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">曼哈顿社区学院的A. Philip Randolph纪念图书馆的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib1.bmcc.cuny.edu/help/sources.html">《研究帮助：第一和第二手来源》</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160126124018/http://lib1.bmcc.cuny.edu/help/sources.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）一文中提到，第二手来源“是对第一手来源的分析与解释”（<span style="font-size:smaller;">原文：“analyzes and interprets primary sources”</span>），是“历史事件的间接说明”（<span style="font-size:smaller;">原文：“second-hand account of an historical event”</span>）或“解释性的创作”（<span style="font-size:smaller;">原文：“interprets creative work”</span>）。它还提到，第二手来源“是对研究成果的分析和解释”（<span style="font-size:smaller;">原文：“analyzes and interprets research results”</span>）或“对科学发现的分析和解释”（<span style="font-size:smaller;">原文：“analyzes and interprets scientific discoveries”</span>）。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalhistoryday.org/SecondarySources.htm">美国国家历史节网站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090416221418/http://www.nationalhistoryday.org/SecondarySources.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）则简单地定义到：“第二手来源是基于第一手来源和其他作者作品的总结解释作品。”（<span style="font-size:smaller;">原文：“Secondary sources are works of synthesis and interpretation based upon primary sources and the work of other authors.”</span>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">对第一手来源的定义： <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.unr.edu/instruction/help/primary.html">内华达大学Reno图书馆</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070209235512/http://www.library.unr.edu/instruction/help/primary.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）将第一手来源定义为“某场事件的内部观点”（<span style="font-size:smaller;">原文：“an inside view of a particular event”</span>）他们提出了这些例子：<b>原始文档</b>：譬如自传、小说、电子邮件、采访、信件、备忘录、新电影的胶片、官方记录、照片、未处理的研究数据和演说等；<b>创造性作品</b>：譬如艺术品、戏剧、电影、音乐、小说、诗集等；以及<b>遗迹和人造品</b>：如建筑、衣物、DNA、家具、珠宝和陶器等。</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/instruct/guides/primarysources.html">加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校图书馆</a>（Portuguese Web Archive的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080316090622/http%3A//www.lib.berkeley.edu/instruct/guides/primarysources.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2008-03-16）提供了以下的定义：“第一手来源使得研究者得以尽可能真实地了解某个历史事件或某时期发生的事。第一手来源可以是在所研究的那个时期创造的，也可以是所研究事件的参与者事后创造的（以记忆的形式），它们能够反映出某位参与者或观察者的个人观点。”（<span style="font-size:smaller;">原文：“Primary sources enable the researcher to get as close as possible to what actually happened during an historical event or time period. Primary sources were either created during the time period being studied, or were created at a later date by a participant in the events being studied (as in the case of memoirs) and they reflect the individual viewpoint of a participant or observer.”</span>）</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">针对对历史理论的总结，吉米·威尔士曾说过：“有些人可能完全理解维基百科不应根据实验结果来发表新奇物理理论的要求，也理解我们不能根据它们总结出新的东西来，但却往往忽视了这一点同样适用于历史方面。”（<span style="font-size:smaller;">威尔士，吉米．<a class="external text" href="https://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2004-December/017591.html">《原创研究》</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220128094024/http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2004-December/017591.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），2004年12月6日．原文：“Some who completely understand why Wikipedia ought not create novel theories of physics by citing the results of experiments and so on and synthesizing them into something new, may fail to see how the same thing applies to history.”</span>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">中文译本：戈登·哈维著，沈文钦、李茵译．《学会引用——大学生论文写作指导手册》．教育科学出版社．2007年3月出版．<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787504137678" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9787504137678</a>．</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">本章节所说的“外文”指“非中文”；“词语”包括了词组。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">本条文所说的“专有名词”包括了“专名短语”，如三个英文单词组成的电影名。在英文中，要判断一个词（或短语）是否为专有名词，一个较为简单但通常成立的方式是：它的首字母（短语则为每一实词的首字母）是否总是大写？</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">对于不译成中文的外文专名，其罗马化相关规范参照《<a href="/wiki/NC:%E5%A4%96%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="NC:外文命名">命名常规·外文命名</a>》处理，不论出现在标题还是文中，唯若原文非拉丁字母则建议在正文首次出现时给出原文写法；大小写格式则标题应符合《命名常规》要求，正文参照《<a href="/wiki/MOS:%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:外语名称">格式手册/序言章节·外语名称</a>》处理（不论是否出现在序章首句）。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">可能存在的类似翻译惯例举例：（某一音乐家的）“Symphony No. 10”暂未被任何可靠来源译作中文“第10交响曲”，但该地音乐界存在将这种命名的交响曲均译作“第X交响曲”的惯例；可靠来源中暂未出现某一语言（指代该语言本身的专有名词，如“XX语”）的中文译名，但该地语言学界在翻译该语言时，有类似翻译人名、地名时的固定选字音译惯例。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">一些专题在这种情况已有具体的操作细则，如《<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A6%8F_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8B%95%E6%BC%AB%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE)" title="Wikipedia:命名常規 (日本動漫遊戲條目)">命名常规·日本动漫游戏条目</a>》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">此處約定初等函數為由<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="常函数">常函數</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%82%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="幂函数">冪函數</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="指數函數">指數函數</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E6%95%B0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="对数函数">對數函數</a>、<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="Category:基本特殊函数">基本特殊函数</a>透過有限次<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%99%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97" title="四则运算">四則運算</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95" title="加法">加法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%9B%E6%B3%95" title="減法">減法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95" title="乘法">乘法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A4%E6%B3%95" title="除法">除法</a>）、<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="Category:基本特殊函数">基本特殊函数</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AA" title="冪">冪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="對數">對數</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%A0%B9" title="方根">方根</a>進行有限次運算所產生的函數，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%A6" title="正弦">正弦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%A6" title="反正弦">反正弦</a>是初等函數，因為其可以計為<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sin \left(x\right)={\frac {e^{{i}x}-e^{-{i}x}}{2{i}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sin \left(x\right)={\frac {e^{{i}x}-e^{-{i}x}}{2{i}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/976237e99096a028667ec0462812b3c196c8c217" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:19.695ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sin \left(x\right)={\frac {e^{{i}x}-e^{-{i}x}}{2{i}}}}"/></span> 以及 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \arcsin x=-{i}\ln \left({i}x+{\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}\right)\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>arcsin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </msqrt> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \arcsin x=-{i}\ln \left({i}x+{\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}\right)\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/01f8032359030a5380a51a6d900826f59deeefad" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:32.56ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \arcsin x=-{i}\ln \left({i}x+{\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}\right)\,}"/></span>。其中也包括簡單推導，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A4%E6%B3%95" title="除法">除法</a>衍生出的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%A6%E4%BD%99%E9%99%A4%E6%B3%95" title="带余除法">帶餘除法</a>。但不包括大數運算（如超過<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E7%B2%BE%E5%BA%A6%E6%B5%AE%E9%BB%9E%E6%95%B8" title="雙精度浮點數">一般計算機可儲存</a>的10<sup>300</sup>導致<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%AE%97%E7%9B%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="小算盤">小算盤</a>也按不出來的運算，需要<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openhome.cc/Gossip/AlgorithmGossip/BigNumber.htm">寫特殊程式</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211203001841/https://openhome.cc/Gossip/AlgorithmGossip/BigNumber.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）才能計算）、大數<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%95%B0%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="因数分解">因數分解</a>（無論古典或高斯整數分解）、大數<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A0%E6%80%A7%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95" title="素性测试">質數判定</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Wales, Jimmy. <a class="external text" href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2003-September/006715.html">[WikiEN-l] [roy_q_royce at hotmail.com: --A Request RE a WIKIArticle--]</a>. 2003-09-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-07-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411000342/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2003-September/006715.html">存档</a>于2021-04-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3A%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.au=Wales%2C+Jimmy&rft.btitle=%5BWikiEN-l%5D+%5Broy_q_royce+at+hotmail.com%3A+--A+Request+RE+a+WIKIArticle--%5D&rft.date=2003-09-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flists.wikimedia.org%2Fpipermail%2Fwikien-l%2F2003-September%2F006715.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="延伸阅读" data-mw-thread-id="h-延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-延伸阅读"></span>延伸阅读<span data-mw-comment-end="h-延伸阅读"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2003-July/005288.html">Crackpot文章</a>：吉米·威尔士在邮件列表的帖子。</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2003-September/006696.html">回应文章</a>：吉米·威尔士在邮件列表的帖子。</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://wikibooks.org/wiki/Wiki_Science:Wikiresearch">维基研究</a>，关于wiki上面原创研究的一份提案。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="参见" data-mw-thread-id="h-参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-参见"></span>参见<span data-mw-comment-end="h-参见"></span></h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/40px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/60px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/80px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900"/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">元維基有相關資訊：<b><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_no_original_research_policy" class="extiw" title="meta:The no original research policy">The no original research policy</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF/%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0%E8%88%87%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A" title="Wikipedia:模板消息/爭議與警告">Wikipedia:模板消息/爭議與警告</a> <ul><li>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:原创研究">原创研究</a>}}</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">Wikipedia:列明来源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:核心内容方针">Wikipedia:核心內容方針#歷史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Wikipedia:These are not original research" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wikipedia:These are not original research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:These_are_not_original_research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:These are not original research（页面不存在）">Wikipedia:These are not original research</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:These_are_not_original_research" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:These are not original research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wikipedia:These are not original research</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">內容方針</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9" title="Wikipedia:中立的观点">中立的观点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">可供查證</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">非原创研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">避免地域中心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88" title="Wikipedia:维基百科不是什么">维基百科不是什么</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="Wikipedia:维基百科不是词典">维基百科不是词典</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%87%AA%E5%82%B3" title="Wikipedia:自傳">自传</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%94%9F%E8%80%85%E5%82%B3%E8%A8%98" title="Wikipedia:生者傳記">生者傳記</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:文件使用方针">文件使用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91#非中文重定向問題" title="Wikipedia:重定向">非中文重定向問題</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#列表的概述" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/列表">列表概述</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#獨立列表之存廢標準" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/列表">獨立列表存廢</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">命名方针</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84" title="Wikipedia:命名常规">命名常规</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="Wikipedia:命名常规 (化学)">化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A6%8F_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8B%95%E6%BC%AB%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE)" title="Wikipedia:命名常規 (日本動漫遊戲條目)">日本動漫遊戲條目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84_(%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F)" title="Wikipedia:命名常规 (电子游戏)">电子游戏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D)" title="Wikipedia:命名常规 (人名)">人名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84_(%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90)" title="Wikipedia:命名常规 (音乐)">音樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84_(%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6)" title="Wikipedia:命名常规 (技术限制)">技术限制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB)#外交代表機構命名" title="Wikipedia:命名常规 (国际关系)">外交代表機構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A6%8F_(%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2)" title="Wikipedia:命名常規 (體育)">體育</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0#各主題作品及其轄下分類命名法" title="Wikipedia:分类名称">“各主題作品”及其轄下分類命名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0#命名一致性" title="Wikipedia:分类名称">分類命名一致性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D" title="Wikipedia:非條目頁面命名">非條目頁面命名</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">合作方針</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="Wikipedia:文明">文明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86" title="Wikipedia:共识">共識</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E4%BA%BA%E8%BA%AB%E6%94%BB%E5%87%BB" title="Wikipedia:不要人身攻击">不要人身攻击</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%88%B0" title="Wikipedia:編輯戰">编辑战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:编辑方针">编辑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">保護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%AD%BE%E5%90%8D#假冒签名" title="Wikipedia:签名">假冒签名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A8%B7%E6%93%BE" title="Wikipedia:騷擾">騷擾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A0%B4%E5%9D%8F" title="Wikipedia:破坏">破坏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E6%9D%83" title="Wikipedia:条目所有权">条目所有权</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%81%E7%A6%81%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:封禁方针">封禁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A6%81%E5%88%B6%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:禁制方针">禁制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%AB%98%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C" title="Wikipedia:高風險主題">高風險主題</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">删除方針</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:删除方针">删除</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91#何时应当删除重定向？" title="Wikipedia:重定向">何時應當刪除重定向</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91#移動時不留重定向" title="Wikipedia:重定向">移動時不留重定向</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:快速删除方针">快速删除</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%AA%E9%99%A4" title="Wikipedia:修訂版本刪除">修订版本删除</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%98%E5%BB%A2%E8%A6%86%E6%A0%B8%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:存廢覆核方針">存廢覆核</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">用户方針</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E5%90%8D" title="Wikipedia:用户名">用户名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:機械人方針">機械人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%91%98" title="Wikipedia:管理员">管理员</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%88%B0" title="Wikipedia:管理戰">管理戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%93%A1%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%A2%E4%BB%BB" title="Wikipedia:管理員的離任">管理员的离任</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%AC%8A%E9%99%90%E7%94%B3%E8%AB%8B" title="Wikipedia:權限申請">權限申請</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%A7%A3%E9%99%A4%E6%AC%8A%E9%99%90%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:解除權限方針">解除權限</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B0%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2%E5%B7%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="Wikipedia:新頁面巡查">新页面巡查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9B%9E%E9%80%80%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD" title="Wikipedia:回退功能">回退功能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B6%E6%9F%A5%E6%A0%B8%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:用戶查核方針">用户查核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1" title="Wikipedia:傀儡">傀儡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3" title="Wikipedia:监督">监督</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP%E5%B0%81%E7%A6%81%E8%B1%81%E5%85%8D" title="Wikipedia:IP封禁豁免">IP封禁豁免</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:开放代理方针">开放代理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%BB%E5%85%8D%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%E8%B3%87%E6%A0%BC" title="Wikipedia:人事任免投票資格">人事任免投票資格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%BF%97%E6%84%BF%E8%80%85%E5%9B%9E%E5%A4%8D%E5%9B%A2%E9%98%9F" title="Wikipedia:志愿者回复团队">志愿者回复团队</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7" title="Wikipedia:机器用户">机器用户</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%91%98" title="Wikipedia:行政员">行政员</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%8F%E5%B8%B3%E8%99%9F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E8%80%85" title="Wikipedia:大量帳號建立者">大量帳號建立者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E7%A7%BB%E5%8B%95%E5%93%A1" title="Wikipedia:檔案移動員">檔案移動員</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%93%A1" title="Wikipedia:介面管理員">介面管理員</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E5%93%A1" title="Wikipedia:模板編輯員">模板編輯員</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%8E%E6%BF%BE%E5%99%A8%E5%8A%A9%E7%90%86" title="Wikipedia:過濾器助理">過濾器助理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP%E5%B0%81%E9%8E%96%E8%B1%81%E5%85%8D%E6%AC%8A%E6%8E%88%E4%BA%88%E8%80%85" title="Wikipedia:IP封鎖豁免權授予者">IP封鎖豁免權授予者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E8%80%85" title="Wikipedia:活动组织者">活动组织者</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">法律方针</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE" title="Wikipedia:使用条款">使用条款</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%9C%89%E5%84%9F%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:有償編輯方針">有償編輯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%AA%B9%E8%AC%97" title="Wikipedia:誹謗">誹謗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%9D%83%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF" title="Wikipedia:著作权信息">著作权信息</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%9D%83" title="Wikipedia:侵犯著作权">侵犯著作权</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Wikipedia:非歧视方针">非歧视</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%87%86%E5%88%99" title="Wikipedia:非自由内容使用准则">非自由内容使用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4" title="Wikipedia:儿童保护">兒童保護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E8%A8%B4%E8%AB%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%A8%81%E8%84%85" title="Wikipedia:不要訴諸法律威脅">不要訴諸法律威脅</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="维基媒体基金会">基金会</a>方针</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E6%BA%96%E5%89%87" title="Wikipedia:通用行為準則">通用行為準則</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="Wikipedia:基金會行動">基金會行動</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policies" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policies">其他基金会方針</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">指引</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">內容指引</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%E7%9A%84%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="Wikipedia:不要包含原始资料的副本">不要包含原始资料的副本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">列明来源</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E5%BA%8F%E8%A8%80%E7%AB%A0%E7%AF%80#列明來源" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/序言章節">序言章節</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Wikipedia:什么是条目">什么是条目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90_(%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8)" title="Wikipedia:可靠來源 (醫學)">医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90/%E5%B8%83%E5%91%8A%E6%9D%BF/%E8%AF%84%E7%BA%A7%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源/布告板/评级指引">布告板评级</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:外部链接">外部链接</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%8F%E5%B0%8F%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="Wikipedia:小小作品">小小作品</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E%E8%BD%89%E6%8F%9B%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="Wikipedia:字詞轉換處理">字詞轉換處理</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B9%81%E7%AE%80%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="Wikipedia:繁简处理">繁简处理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="Wikipedia:地区词处理">地區詞處理</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%89%A7%E9%80%8F%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:剧透内容">剧透内容</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%92%B1%E5%B8%81%E5%AD%A6%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="Wikipedia:钱币学条目指引">钱币学条目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="Wikipedia:翻譯指引">翻譯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#以地方劃分的人物列表的收錄標準" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/列表">人物列表收錄</a></li> <li>新闻动态 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B/%E9%87%8D%E8%A4%87%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE" title="Wikipedia:新聞動態/重複發生的項目">重複發生的項目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B#正在发生部分" title="Wikipedia:新聞動態">“正在发生”部分</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%8D%B7%E5%BE%91#偽命名空間" title="Wikipedia:捷徑">偽命名空間</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%84%E7%BA%A7" title="Wikipedia:页面评级">页面评级</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E9%A0%81" title="Wikipedia:資料頁">资料页</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文件指引</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F" title="Wikipedia:非自由版权图片大小">非自由版权图片大小</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E5%90%8D%E7%A8%B1" title="Wikipedia:檔案名稱">文件名稱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%8C" title="Wikipedia:標誌">標誌</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">編輯指引</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义">消歧义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91" title="Wikipedia:重定向">重定向</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B6%E9%A0%81" title="Wikipedia:用戶頁">用户页</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="Wikipedia:頁面分類">頁面分類</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%BF%87%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Wikipedia:过度分类">过度分类</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%AB%98%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Wikipedia:高風險模板">高風險模板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%8D%89%E7%A8%BF%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="Wikipedia:草稿命名空间">草稿命名空间</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E6%A8%A3%E5%BC%8F" title="Wikipedia:模板樣式">模板樣式</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">关注度指引</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6" title="Wikipedia:关注度">通用关注度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97)" title="Wikipedia:关注度 (数字)">数字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D)" title="Wikipedia:關注度 (書籍)">書籍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81)" title="Wikipedia:关注度 (地理特征)">地理特征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)" title="Wikipedia:关注度 (人物)">人物</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85)" title="Wikipedia:關注度 (學者)">學者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%93%A1)" title="Wikipedia:關注度 (運動員)">運動員</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%96%E5%BD%A2)" title="Wikipedia:關注度 (幾何圖形)">幾何圖形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%AA%E8%A1%A8)" title="Wikipedia:關注度 (性質表)">性质表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82)" title="Wikipedia:關注度 (音樂)">音樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A)" title="Wikipedia:關注度 (交通)">交通</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E6%94%B6%E9%8C%84%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Wikipedia:道路特殊收錄限制列表">道路特殊收錄限制</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87)" title="Wikipedia:关注度 (组织)">组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B)" title="Wikipedia:關注度 (氣旋)">氣旋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E8%99%9A%E6%9E%84)" title="Wikipedia:关注度 (虚构)">虛構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94)" title="Wikipedia:關注度 (天體)">天體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="Wikipedia:關注度 (電視劇)">電視劇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" title="Wikipedia:关注度 (生物)">生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2)" title="Wikipedia:關注度 (文化遺產)">文化遺產</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">格式指引</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">格式手册</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E7%BC%A9%E5%86%99" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/缩写">缩写</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E8%8F%AF%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8D%E5%AF%A6" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要華而不實">不要華而不實</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/作品列表">作品列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/文字格式">文字格式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E7%89%88%E9%9D%A2%E4%BD%88%E5%B1%80" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/版面佈局">版面佈局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E5%92%8C%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/日期和数字">日期和数字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/标点符号">标点符号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/嵌入列表">嵌入列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5#跨语言链接" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/链接">跨語言連結</a></li> <li>電視 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96#演員及角色資料" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/電視">演員及角色資料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96#播放資訊" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/電視">播放資訊</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/电子游戏">电子游戏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%B0%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/两岸四地用语">兩岸四地用語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/朝鲜半岛用语">朝鮮半島用語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%BF%9C%E4%B8%9C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/俄罗斯远东地区用语">俄罗斯远东地区用语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E6%97%97%E5%B8%9C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/旗帜">旗幟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E8%99%9A%E6%9E%84" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/虚构">虚构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E5%BA%8F%E8%A8%80%E7%AB%A0%E7%AF%80#第一句" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/序言章節">序言章節第一句</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%A1%86#國籍與公民權" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/信息框">國籍與公民權</a></li> <li><a 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