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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_and_Low_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>High and Low Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_and_Low_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Early Modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Modern_and_Contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Modern_and_Contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Late Modern and Contemporary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Modern_and_Contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hydrography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Executive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Legislative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Judicial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipal_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Municipal governments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>National government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urbanization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Urbanization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urbanization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Migration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Health care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture_and_Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture_and_Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Architecture and Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture_and_Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Folk_and_traditionally_based_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_and_traditionally_based_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.1</span> <span>Folk and traditionally based music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_and_traditionally_based_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pop_and_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pop_and_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.2</span> <span>Pop and rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pop_and_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hip-hop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hip-hop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.3</span> <span>Hip-hop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hip-hop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature,_poetry_and_philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature,_poetry_and_philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Literature, poetry and philosophy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature,_poetry_and_philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Public holidays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5.1</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Press" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Press"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Press</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Press-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Emerging_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emerging_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Emerging sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emerging_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Galicians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Honour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of 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mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 140 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-140" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">140 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Галисиэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Галисиэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galisi%C3%AB" title="Galisië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Galisië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicien" title="Galicien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Galicien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%8A%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%AB_(%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%B5%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%AB_%E1%8A%AD%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AD)" title="ጋሊስያ (የእስፓንያ ክፍላገር) – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጋሊስያ (የእስፓንያ ክፍላገር)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9)" title="جليقية (منطقة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جليقية (منطقة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կալիսիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կալիսիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goualice" title="Goualice – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Goualice" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalisiya" title="Qalisiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qalisiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="قالیسیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قالیسیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="গালিথিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গালিথিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Галісія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Галісія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Галісія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Галісія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Галисия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Галисия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicien" title="Galicien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Galicien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicija_(%C5%A0panija)" title="Galicija (Španija) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Galicija (Španija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galiza" title="Galiza – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Galiza" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%ADcia" title="Galícia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Galícia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_(rehiyon)" title="Galicia (rehiyon) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Galicia (rehiyon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicie" title="Galicie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Galicie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galizia" title="Galizia – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Galizia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galisia" title="Galisia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Galisia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicien_(Spanien)" title="Galicien (Spanien) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Galicien (Spanien)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicien" title="Galicien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Galicien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1_(%CE%99%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Γαλικία (Ισπανία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλικία (Ισπανία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galegio" title="Galegio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Galegio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galizia" title="Galizia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Galizia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="گالیسیا (اسپانیا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گالیسیا (اسپانیا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galice" title="Galice – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Galice" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galysje" title="Galysje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Galysje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghail%C3%ADs_(Oirthear_na_hEorpa)" title="An Ghailís (Oirthear na hEorpa) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghailís (Oirthear na hEorpa)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Ghaleesh,_y_Spaainey" title="Yn Ghaleesh, y Spaainey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Ghaleesh, y Spaainey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="갈리시아주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="갈리시아주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Galicia (Spain)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Գալիսիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գալիսիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8)" title="गलिशिया (स्पेन) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गलिशिया (स्पेन)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicija" title="Galicija – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Galicija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicija_(%C5%A0panjolska)" title="Galicija (Španjolska) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Galicija (Španjolska)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galisia" title="Galisia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Galisia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galisa" title="Galisa – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Galisa" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galisia_(Spanyol)" title="Galisia (Spanyol) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Galisia (Spanyol)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallecia" title="Gallecia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gallecia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Галиси – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Галиси" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galis%C3%ADa" title="Galisía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Galisía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galizia_(Spagna)" title="Galizia (Spagna) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Galizia (Spagna)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="גליסיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גליסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_(Spanyol)" title="Galicia (Spanyol) – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Galicia (Spanyol)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain) – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Galicia (Spain)" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Галисия (Испания) – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Галисия (Испания)" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გალისია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გალისია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Галисия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Галисия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galithi" title="Galithi – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Galithi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_(Hispania)" title="Galicia (Hispania) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Galicia (Hispania)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galis" title="Galis – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Galis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%AEsya" title="Galîsya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Galîsya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Галиси – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Галиси" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galizia_(Spania)" title="Galizia (Spania) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Galizia (Spania)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galizia" title="Galizia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Galizia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallaecia_(Communitas_autonoma)" title="Gallaecia (Communitas autonoma) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gallaecia (Communitas autonoma)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galisija" title="Galisija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Galisija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicien" title="Galicien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Galicien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galisija" title="Galisija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Galisija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%AC%C3%A7ia" title="Galìçia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Galìçia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galici%C3%AB_(Spanje)" title="Galicië (Spanje) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Galicië (Spanje)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galisia" title="Galisia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Galisia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galissia" title="Galissia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Galissia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Галисија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Галисија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karihia" title="Karihia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Karihia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="गालिसिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गालिसिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გალისია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გალისია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جاليسيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاليسيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="گالیسیا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گالیسیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%ADzia" title="Galízia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Galízia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Галиси – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Галиси" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galici%C3%AB_(Spanje)" title="Galicië (Spanje) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Galicië (Spanje)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E5%B7%9E" title="ガリシア州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガリシア州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8_(%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Галиси (Испани) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Галиси (Испани)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galitsien" title="Galitsien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Galitsien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_i_Spania" title="Galicia i Spania – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Galicia i Spania" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%ADcia" title="Galícia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Galícia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galisiya" title="Galisiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Galisiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="گالیسیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گالیسیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galissia" title="Galissia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Galissia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicja_(Hiszpania)" title="Galicja (Hiszpania) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Galicja (Hiszpania)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galiza" title="Galiza – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Galiza" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galisiya" title="Galisiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Galisiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galisiya" title="Galisiya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Galisiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalisya" title="Qalisya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qalisya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ґалісія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґалісія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Галисия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Галисия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicie_(commonty)" title="Galicie (commonty) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Galicie (commonty)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicien" title="Galicien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Galicien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_(Spanj%C3%AB)" title="Galicia (Spanjë) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Galicia (Spanjë)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galizzia_(Spagna)" title="Galizzia (Spagna) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Galizzia (Spagna)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Galicia (Spain)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%ADcia" title="Galícia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Galícia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicija_(%C5%A0panija)" title="Galicija (Španija) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Galicija (Španija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="گالیسیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گالیسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Галиција (аутономна заједница) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Галиција (аутономна заједница)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicija_(%C5%A0panija)" title="Galicija (Španija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Galicija (Španija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicien" title="Galicien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Galicien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_(Espanya)" title="Galicia (Espanya) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Galicia (Espanya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="கலீசியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கலீசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galisya" title="Galisya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Galisya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galizia_(Spagne)" title="Galizia (Spagne) – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Galizia (Spagne)" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Галисия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Галисия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="แคว้นกาลิเซีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคว้นกาลิเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gali%C3%A7ya,_%C4%B0spanya" title="Galiçya, İspanya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Galiçya, İspanya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Галісія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Галісія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%DB%81%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81)" title="گالیسیا (ہسپانیہ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گالیسیا (ہسپانیہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ga%C5%82%C3%ACsia_(Spagna)" title="Gałìsia (Spagna) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gałìsia (Spagna)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_(T%C3%A2y_Ban_Nha)" title="Galicia (Tây Ban Nha) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Galicia (Tây Ban Nha)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galiitsia" title="Galiitsia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Galiitsia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Galicia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="伽利西亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伽利西亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A2" title="גאליסיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גאליסיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="加利西亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加利西亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gali%C3%A7ya" title="Galiçya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Galiçya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C4%97s%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Galėsėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Galėsėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" 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id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Galicia_(Spain)&params=42.8_N_7.9_W_region:ES-GA_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°54′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.8°N 7.9°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.8; -7.9</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous community in the northwest of Spain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the region of Eastern Europe, see <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Eastern_Europe)" title="Galicia (Eastern Europe)">Galicia (Eastern Europe)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Galicia (disambiguation)">Galicia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous community in Spain</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Galicia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous community</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Galicia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Galicia"><img alt="Flag of Galicia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/200px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Galicia_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Galicia (Spain)">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Galicia_(Spain).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Galicia"><img alt="Coat-of-arms of Galicia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29.svg/54px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29.svg/81px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29.svg/109px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="1232" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Galicia_(Spain)" title="Coat of arms of Galicia (Spain)">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: "<span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl"><a href="/wiki/Os_Pinos" title="Os Pinos">Os Pinos</a></i></span><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span> ("The Pine Trees")</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galicia_in_Spain_(including_Canarias).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Galicia"><img alt="Map of Galicia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Galicia_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg/275px-Galicia_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Galicia_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg/413px-Galicia_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Galicia_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg/550px-Galicia_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="1016" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Galicia within Spain and the Iberian Peninsula</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Galicia_(Spain)&params=42.8_N_7.9_W_region:ES-GA_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°54′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.8°N 7.9°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.8; -7.9</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest cities</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Provinces</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b><a href="/wiki/Province_of_A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="Province of A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lugo" title="Province of Lugo">Lugo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ourense" title="Province of Ourense">Ourense</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pontevedra" title="Province of Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devolved_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Devolved government">Devolved government</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Xunta_de_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xunta de Galicia">Xunta de Galicia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/President_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Galicia">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Rueda" title="Alfonso Rueda">Alfonso Rueda</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Galicia" title="People's Party of Galicia">PP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">29,574.42 km<sup>2</sup> (11,418.75 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by area">7th</a> (5.8% of Spain)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2024)<sup id="cite_ref-population2024_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,705,833</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ranked_list_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities#By_population" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranked list of Spanish autonomous communities">5th</a> (6% of Spain)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">91/km<sup>2</sup> (240/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Galician_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician people">Galician</a><br /><i>galego</i>, <i>-ga</i> (<a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">gl</a>) <br /> <i>gallego</i>, <i>-ga</i> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">es</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€77.356 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€28,644 (2023)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166 code">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">ES-GA</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Spain" title="Telephone numbers in Spain">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+34 98-</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of Autonomy">Statute of Autonomy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Galician_Statute_of_Autonomy_(1936)" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician Statute of Autonomy (1936)">1936</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Galician_Statute_of_Autonomy_of_1981" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician Statute of Autonomy of 1981">28 April 1981</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GeoTLD" class="mw-redirect" title="GeoTLD">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.gal" title=".gal">.gal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patron saint</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Zebedee" class="mw-redirect" title="James, son of Zebedee">St. James</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Galicia" title="Parliament of Galicia">Parliament of Galicia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress</a></th><td class="infobox-data">23 deputies (out of 350)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Senate">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19 senators (out of 265)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.910<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">very high</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by Human Development Index">9th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xunta.gal">xunta.gal</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="300" data-zoom="7" data-overlays="["_7757e7b28cc77653214a86262950fe0c83ff59af"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,270x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Galicia_%28Spain%29&revid=1272632394&groups=_7757e7b28cc77653214a86262950fe0c83ff59af" width="270" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,270x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Galicia_%28Spain%29&revid=1272632394&groups=_7757e7b28cc77653214a86262950fe0c83ff59af 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Galicia</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>)<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">gə-<span style="font-size:90%">LISH</span>-(ee-)ə</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>: <i lang="gl">Galicia</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">[ɡaˈliθjɐ]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/fb\/Gl-Galicia.ogg\/Gl-Galicia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Gl-Galicia.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Gl-Galicia.ogg/Gl-Galicia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Gl-Galicia.ogg" title="File:Gl-Galicia.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(officially)</span> or <span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">Galiza</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">[ɡaˈliθɐ]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/08\/Gl-Galiza.ogg\/Gl-Galiza.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Gl-Galiza.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Gl-Galiza.ogg/Gl-Galiza.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Gl-Galiza.ogg" title="File:Gl-Galiza.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Galicia</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ɡaˈliθja]</a></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous community</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationalities_and_regions_of_Spain" title="Nationalities and regions of Spain">historic nationality</a> under Spanish law.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located in the northwest <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, it includes the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">provinces</a> of <a href="/wiki/La_Coru%C3%B1a_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Coruña (province)">A Coruña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lugo_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugo (province)">Lugo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ourense_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ourense (province)">Ourense</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontevedra (province)">Pontevedra</a>. </p><p>Galicia is located in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Europe" title="Atlantic Europe">Atlantic Europe</a>. It is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> to the south, the Spanish autonomous communities of <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a> to the east, the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> to the west, and the <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Sea" title="Cantabrian Sea">Cantabrian Sea</a> to the north. It had a population of 2,701,743 in 2018<sup id="cite_ref-INE_GDP_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE_GDP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a total area of 29,574 km<sup>2</sup> (11,419 sq mi). Galicia has over 1,660 km (1,030 mi) of coastline,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including its offshore islands and islets, among them <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADes_Islands" title="Cíes Islands">Cíes Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ons_Island" title="Ons Island">Ons</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1lvora" title="Sálvora">Sálvora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cortegada_Island" title="Cortegada Island">Cortegada Island</a>, which together form the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Islands_of_Galicia_National_Park" title="Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park">Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park</a>, and the largest and most populated, <a href="/wiki/A_Illa_de_Arousa" title="A Illa de Arousa">A Illa de Arousa</a>. </p><p>The area now called Galicia was first inhabited by humans during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Paleolithic" title="Middle Paleolithic">Middle Paleolithic</a> period, and takes its name from the <a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic people</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> living north of the <a href="/wiki/Douro" title="Douro">Douro</a> River during the last millennium BC. Galicia was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Wars" title="Cantabrian Wars">Cantabrian Wars</a> in 19 BC, and was made a <a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Roman province</a> in the 3rd century AD. In 410, the Germanic <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Suebi" title="Kingdom of the Suebi">kingdom</a> with its capital in <a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Braga</a>; this kingdom was incorporated into that of the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> in 585. In 711, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> invaded the Iberian Peninsula conquering the <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigothic kingdom">Visigoth kingdom of Hispania</a> by 718,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but soon Galicia was incorporated into the Christian <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">kingdom of Asturias</a> by 740. During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">kingdom of Galicia</a> was occasionally ruled <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Galicia">by its own kings</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but most of the time it was leagued to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Leon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Leon">kingdom of Leon</a> and later to that of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a>, while maintaining its own legal and customary practices and culture. From the 13th century on, the kings of Castile, as kings of Galicia, appointed an <i><a href="/wiki/Adelantado" title="Adelantado">Adiantado-mór</a></i>, whose attributions passed to the <i><a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Captain_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain General">Captain General</a> of the Kingdom of Galiza</i> from the last years of the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Artaza_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artaza-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Governor also presided the <i><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia" title="Real Audiencia">Real Audiencia</a> do Reino de Galicia</i>, a royal tribunal and government body. From the 16th century, the representation and voice of the kingdom was held by an assembly of deputies and representatives of the cities of the kingdom, the <i>Cortes</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Junta_of_the_Kingdom_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia">Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Artaza_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artaza-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This institution was forcibly discontinued in 1833 when the kingdom was divided into four administrative provinces with no legal mutual links. During the 19th and 20th centuries, demand grew for self-government and for the recognition of the culture of Galicia. This resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Galician_Statute_of_Autonomy_(1936)" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician Statute of Autonomy (1936)">Statute of Autonomy of 1936</a>, soon frustrated by Franco's <i>coup d'état</i> and subsequent long dictatorship. After democracy was restored the legislature passed the <a href="/wiki/Galician_Statute_of_Autonomy_of_1981" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician Statute of Autonomy of 1981">Statute of Autonomy of 1981</a>, approved in referendum and currently in force, providing Galicia with self-government. </p><p>The interior of Galicia is characterized by a hilly landscape; mountain ranges rise to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in the east and south. The coastal areas are mostly an alternate series of <a href="/wiki/Ria" title="Ria">rias</a> and beaches. The climate of Galicia is usually temperate and rainy, with markedly drier summers; it is usually classified as <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">Oceanic</a>. Its topographic and climatic conditions have made <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">animal husbandry</a> and farming the primary source of Galicia's wealth for most of its history, allowing for a relatively high density of population.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Except shipbuilding and food processing, Galicia was based on a farming and fishing economy until after the mid-20th century, when it began to industrialize. In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Nominal_gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominal gross domestic product">nominal gross domestic product</a> was €62.900 billion,<sup id="cite_ref-INE_GDP_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE_GDP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a nominal <a href="/wiki/GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a> of €23,300.<sup id="cite_ref-INE_GDP_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE_GDP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Galicia is characterised, unlike other Spanish regions, by the absence of a metropolis dominating the territory. Indeed, the urban network is made up of 7 main cities: the four provincial capitals <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a>, the political capital <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> and the industrial cities <a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrol, Galicia">Ferrol</a>. The population is largely concentrated in two main areas: from <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Spain" title="Ferrol, Spain">Ferrol</a> to <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a> on the northern coast, and in the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADas_Baixas" title="Rías Baixas">Rías Baixas</a> region in the southwest, including the cities of <a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a>, and the interior city of <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>. There are smaller populations around the interior cities of <a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a>. The political capital is <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="Province of A Coruña">province of A Coruña</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pontevedra" title="Province of Pontevedra">province of Pontevedra</a>, is the largest municipality<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a> the most populated city in Galicia.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two languages are official and widely used today in Galicia: the native <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, usually called <i>Castilian</i>. While most Galicians are bilingual, a 2013 survey reported that 51% of the Galician population spoke Galician most often on a day-to-day basis, while 48% most often used Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Galicia" title="Name of Galicia">Name of Galicia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_of_Galicia,_NASA_satellite_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Land_of_Galicia%2C_NASA_satellite_image.jpg/220px-Land_of_Galicia%2C_NASA_satellite_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Land_of_Galicia%2C_NASA_satellite_image.jpg/330px-Land_of_Galicia%2C_NASA_satellite_image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Land_of_Galicia%2C_NASA_satellite_image.jpg/440px-Land_of_Galicia%2C_NASA_satellite_image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="997" /></a><figcaption>A satellite view of Galicia</figcaption></figure> <p>The name <i>Galicia</i> derives from the Latin toponym Callaecia, later <i><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></i>, related to the name of an ancient Celtic tribe that resided north of the <a href="/wiki/Douro" title="Douro">Douro</a> river, the <a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci or Callaeci</a> in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, or <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Καλλαϊκoί</span></span> (<i>Kallaïkoí</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moralejo_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moralejo-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <i><a href="/wiki/Callaeci" class="mw-redirect" title="Callaeci">Callaeci</a></i> were the first tribe in the area to help the <a href="/wiki/Lusitanians" title="Lusitanians">Lusitanians</a> against the invading Romans. The Romans applied their name to all the other tribes in the northwest who spoke the <a href="/wiki/Gallaecian_language" title="Gallaecian language">same language</a> and lived the same life.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The toponymy of the name has been studied since the 7th century by authors such as <a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a>, who wrote that "Galicians are called so, because of their fair skin, as the Gauls", relating the name to the Greek word for milk. (See the <a href="/wiki/Galaxy#Etymology" title="Galaxy">etymology of the word <i>galaxy</i></a>.) In the 21st century, some scholars (J.J. Moralejo, Carlos Búa) have derived the name of the ancient Callaeci either from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-European">Proto-Indo-European</a> *kl(H)-no- 'hill',<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through a local relational <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a> -aik-, also attested in <a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_language" title="Celtiberian language">Celtiberian</a>, so meaning 'the hill (people)'; or from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Celtic">Proto-Celtic</a> *kallī- 'forest', so meaning 'the forest (people)'.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moralejo_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moralejo-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In any case, <i>Galicia</i>, being <i>per se</i> a derivation of the ethnic name <i>Kallaikói</i>, means 'the land of the Galicians'. </p><p>Another recent proposal comes from linguist <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Benozzo" title="Francesco Benozzo">Francesco Benozzo</a> after identifying the root <i>gall-</i> / <i>kall-</i> in a number of Celtic words with the meaning "stone" or "rock", as follows: <i>gall</i> (old Irish), <i>gal</i> (Middle Welsh), <i>gailleichan</i> (Scottish Gaelic), <i>kailhoù</i> (Breton), <i>galagh</i> (Manx) and <i>gall</i> (Gaulish). Hence, Benozzo explains the ethnonym <i>Callaeci</i> as being "the stone people" or "the people of the stone" ("those who work with stones"), about the builders of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megaliths</a> and stone formations so common in Galicia.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name evolved during the Middle Ages from <i>Gallaecia</i>, sometimes written <i>Galletia</i>, to <i>Gallicia</i>. In the 13th century, with the written emergence of the Galician language, <i>Galiza</i> became the most usual written form of the name of the country, being replaced during the 15th and 16th centuries by the current form, <i>Galicia</i>, which is also the spelling of the name in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>. The historical denomination <i>Galiza</i> became popular again during the end of the 19th and the first three-quarters of the 20th century and is still used with some frequency today. The <a href="/wiki/Xunta_de_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xunta de Galicia">Xunta de Galicia</a>, the local <a href="/wiki/Devolved_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Devolved government">devolved government</a>, uses <i>Galicia</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Galician_Academy" title="Royal Galician Academy">Royal Galician Academy</a>, the institution responsible for regulating the Galician language, whilst recognizing <i>Galiza</i> as a legitimate current denomination, has stated that the only official name of the country is <i>Galicia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to Galicia's history and culture with mythology, the land has been called "<i>Terra Meiga</i>" (land of the witches/witch(ing) land).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Galicia" title="History of Galicia">History of Galicia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory_and_antiquity">Prehistory and antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory and antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Bronze_Age" title="Atlantic Bronze Age">Atlantic Bronze Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castro_culture" title="Castro culture">Castro culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_castros_in_Galicia" title="List of castros in Galicia">List of castros in Galicia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casco_Leiro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Casco_Leiro.jpg/220px-Casco_Leiro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Casco_Leiro.jpg/330px-Casco_Leiro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Casco_Leiro.jpg/440px-Casco_Leiro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>Bronze Age gold helmet from Leiro, <a href="/wiki/Rianxo" title="Rianxo">Rianxo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest attestation of human presence in Galicia has been found in the Eirós Cave, in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Triacastela" title="Triacastela">Triacastela</a>, which has preserved animal remains and <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a> stone objects from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Paleolithic" title="Middle Paleolithic">Middle Paleolithic</a>. The earliest culture to have left significant architectural traces is the <a href="/wiki/Megalithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic">Megalithic</a> culture, which expanded along the western European coasts during the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calcolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcolithic">Calcolithic</a> eras. Thousands of Megalithic <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumuli</a> are distributed throughout the country, mostly along the coastal areas.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within each tumulus is a stone burial chamber known locally as <i>anta</i> (<a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">dolmen</a>), frequently preceded by a corridor. Galicia was later influenced by the Bell <a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">Beaker culture</a>. Its rich mineral deposits of <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> led to the development of <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a>, and the commerce of bronze and gold items all along the Atlantic coast of Western Europe. A shared elite culture evolved in this region during the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Bronze_Age" title="Atlantic Bronze Age">Atlantic Bronze Age</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pallozas_nevadas,_O_Cebreiro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pallozas_nevadas%2C_O_Cebreiro.jpg/330px-Pallozas_nevadas%2C_O_Cebreiro.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pallozas_nevadas%2C_O_Cebreiro.jpg/495px-Pallozas_nevadas%2C_O_Cebreiro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pallozas_nevadas%2C_O_Cebreiro.jpg/660px-Pallozas_nevadas%2C_O_Cebreiro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Palloza" title="Palloza">Palloza</a></i> houses in eastern Galicia, an evolved form of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> local <a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">roundhouses</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Dating from the end of the <a href="/wiki/Megalithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic">Megalithic</a> era, and up to the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, numerous stone carvings (<a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">petroglyphs</a>) are found in open air. They usually represent <a href="/wiki/Cup_and_ring_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cup and ring marks">cup and ring marks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labyrinth" title="Labyrinth">labyrinths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a>, Bronze Age weapons, and riding and hunting scenes.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large numbers of these stone carvings can be found in the Rías Baixas regions, at places such as Tourón and <a href="/wiki/Campo_Lameiro" title="Campo Lameiro">Campo Lameiro</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castro_de_Baro%C3%B1a_y_playa_de_Arealonga-Complexo_H%C3%BAmido_de_Corrubedo-Coru%C3%B1a-Spain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Castro_de_Baro%C3%B1a_y_playa_de_Arealonga-Complexo_H%C3%BAmido_de_Corrubedo-Coru%C3%B1a-Spain.jpg/220px-Castro_de_Baro%C3%B1a_y_playa_de_Arealonga-Complexo_H%C3%BAmido_de_Corrubedo-Coru%C3%B1a-Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Castro_de_Baro%C3%B1a_y_playa_de_Arealonga-Complexo_H%C3%BAmido_de_Corrubedo-Coru%C3%B1a-Spain.jpg/330px-Castro_de_Baro%C3%B1a_y_playa_de_Arealonga-Complexo_H%C3%BAmido_de_Corrubedo-Coru%C3%B1a-Spain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Castro_de_Baro%C3%B1a_y_playa_de_Arealonga-Complexo_H%C3%BAmido_de_Corrubedo-Coru%C3%B1a-Spain.jpg/440px-Castro_de_Baro%C3%B1a_y_playa_de_Arealonga-Complexo_H%C3%BAmido_de_Corrubedo-Coru%C3%B1a-Spain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Castro_de_Baro%C3%B1a" title="Castro de Baroña">Castro de Baroña</a>, an Iron Age fortified settlement</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Castro_culture" title="Castro culture">Castro culture</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ('Culture of the Castles') developed during the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, and flourished during the second half of the first millennium BC. It is usually considered a local evolution of the Atlantic Bronze Age, with later developments and influences overlapping into the Roman era. Geographically, it corresponds to the people the Romans called <a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci</a>, which were composed of a large series of nations or tribes, among them the <i>Artabri</i>, <i>Bracari</i>, <i>Limici</i>, <i>Celtici</i>, <i>Albiones</i> and <i>Lemavi</i>. They were capable fighters: <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> described them as the most difficult foes the Romans encountered in conquering <a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Appian" title="Appian">Appian</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentions their warlike spirit, noting that the women bore their weapons side by side with their men, frequently preferring death to captivity. According to <a href="/wiki/Pomponius_Mela" title="Pomponius Mela">Pomponius Mela</a> all the inhabitants of the coastal areas were <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic people</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galician_warrior_head.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Galician_warrior_head.JPG/200px-Galician_warrior_head.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Galician_warrior_head.JPG/300px-Galician_warrior_head.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Galician_warrior_head.JPG/400px-Galician_warrior_head.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Castro_culture" title="Castro culture">local Iron Age</a> head warrior from Rubiás, <a href="/wiki/Bande,_Ourense" title="Bande, Ourense">Bande</a>. Now in Museo Provincial de Ourense.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gallaeci lived in <i><a href="/wiki/Hill_fort#Portugal_and_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill fort">castros</a></i>. These were usually annular forts, with one or more concentric earthen or stony walls, with a trench in front of each one. They were frequently located on hills, or in seashore cliffs and peninsulas. Some well known <i>castros</i> can be found on the seashore at: Fazouro, Santa Tegra, Baroña, and O Neixón; and inland at: <a href="/wiki/San_Cibrao_de_L%C3%A1s_hill_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="San Cibrao de Lás hill fort">San Cibrao de Lás</a>, Borneiro, Castromao, and Viladonga. Some other distinctive features, such as temples, baths, reservoirs, warrior statues, and decorative carvings have been found associated with this culture, together with rich gold and metalworking traditions. </p><p>The Roman legions first entered the area under <a href="/wiki/Decimus_Junius_Brutus_Callaicus" title="Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus">Decimus Junius Brutus</a> in 137–136 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the country was only incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> by the time of <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> (29 BC – 19 BC). The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold. Under Roman rule, most Galician hillforts began to be – sometimes forcibly – abandoned, and <a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci</a> served frequently in the Roman army as auxiliary troops. Romans brought new technologies, new travel routes, new forms of organizing property, and a new language: <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> established its control over Galicia through camps (<i>castra</i>) as <i><a href="/wiki/Aquis_Querquennis" title="Aquis Querquennis">Aquis Querquennis</a></i>, Ciadella camp or <a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lucus Augusti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a>), roads (<i>viae</i>) and monuments as the lighthouse known as <i><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Hercules" title="Tower of Hercules">Tower of Hercules</a></i>, in <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">Corunna</a>, but the remoteness and lesser interest of the country since the 2nd century AD, when the gold mines stopped being productive, led to a lesser degree of <i><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></i>. In the 3rd century, it was made a province, under the name Gallaecia, which included also northern Portugal, <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>, and a large section of what today is known as <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Middle_Ages">Early Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Suebi" title="Kingdom of the Suebi">Kingdom of the Suebi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cvp-00791-109v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Cvp-00791-109v.jpg/220px-Cvp-00791-109v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Cvp-00791-109v.jpg/330px-Cvp-00791-109v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Cvp-00791-109v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Miro_(Suebian_king)" title="Miro (Suebian king)">Miro</a>, king of Galicia, and <a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Braga" title="Martin of Braga">Martin of Braga</a>, from an 1145 manuscript of Martin's <i>Formula Vitae Honestae</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now in the Austrian National Library. The original work was dedicated to King Miro with the header "To King Miro, the most glorious and calm, the pious, famous for his Catholic faith"</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> allowed different tribes of Central Europe (<a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alani</a>) to cross the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> and penetrate the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (<i>foedus</i>) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a <a href="/wiki/Britons_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons (historical)">Briton</a> colony and bishopric (see <a href="/wiki/Mailoc" title="Mailoc">Mailoc</a>) was established in Northern Galicia (<a href="/wiki/Britonia" title="Britonia">Britonia</a>), probably as <a href="/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati">foederati</a> and allies of the Suebi.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 585, the <a href="/wiki/Visigoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigoth">Visigothic</a> <a href="/wiki/King_Leovigild" class="mw-redirect" title="King Leovigild">King Leovigild</a> invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control. </p><p>Later the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Muslims</a> invaded Spain (711), but the Arabs and <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> never managed to have any real control over Galicia, which was later incorporated into the expanding Christian <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Kingdom of Asturias</a>, usually known as Gallaecia or Galicia (<i>Yillīqiya</i> and <i>Galīsiya</i>) by Muslim chroniclers,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as by many European contemporaries.<sup id="cite_ref-López_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-López-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This era consolidated Galicia as a Christian society which spoke a <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance language</a>. During the next century Galician noblemen took northern Portugal, conquering <a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a> in 871, thus freeing what was considered the southernmost city of ancient Galicia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_and_Low_Middle_Ages">High and Low Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: High and Low Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Kingdom of Galicia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ap%C3%B3stoles_del_P%C3%B3rtico_de_la_Gloria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ap%C3%B3stoles_del_P%C3%B3rtico_de_la_Gloria.jpg/220px-Ap%C3%B3stoles_del_P%C3%B3rtico_de_la_Gloria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ap%C3%B3stoles_del_P%C3%B3rtico_de_la_Gloria.jpg/330px-Ap%C3%B3stoles_del_P%C3%B3rtico_de_la_Gloria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ap%C3%B3stoles_del_P%C3%B3rtico_de_la_Gloria.jpg/440px-Ap%C3%B3stoles_del_P%C3%B3rtico_de_la_Gloria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Partial view of the <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> interior of the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Santiago_de_Compostela" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela">Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 9th century, the rise of the cult of the <a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Zebedee" class="mw-redirect" title="James, son of Zebedee">Apostle James</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> gave Galicia particular symbolic importance among Christians, an importance it would hold throughout the <i><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i>. As the Middle Ages went on, Santiago became a major pilgrim destination and the <a href="/wiki/Way_of_Saint_James" class="mw-redirect" title="Way of Saint James">Way of Saint James</a> (Camiño de Santiago) a major pilgrim road, a route for the propagation of <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque art</a> and the words and music of the <a href="/wiki/Troubador" class="mw-redirect" title="Troubador">troubadors</a>. During the 10th and 11th centuries, a period during which Galician nobility become related to the royal family, Galicia was at times headed by its own <a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician_monarchs" title="List of Galician monarchs">native kings</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> (locally known as <i>Leodemanes</i> or <i>Lordomanes</i>) occasionally raided the coasts. The Towers of <a href="/wiki/Catoira" title="Catoira">Catoira</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Pontevedra) were built as a system of fortifications to prevent and stop the Viking raids on Santiago de Compostela. </p><p>In 1063, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand I of Castile">Ferdinand I of Castile</a> divided his realm among his sons, and the Kingdom of Galicia was granted to <a href="/wiki/Garcia_II_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Garcia II of Galicia">Garcia II of Galicia</a>. In 1072, it was forcibly annexed by Garcia's brother <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso VI of León">Alfonso VI of León</a>; from that time Galicia was united with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">Kingdom of León</a> under the same monarchs. In the 13th century <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X of Castile</a> standardized the Castilian language (i.e. Spanish) and made it the language of court and government. Nevertheless, in his Kingdom of Galicia the <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician language</a> was the only language spoken, and the most used in government and legal uses, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese_lyric" title="Galician-Portuguese lyric">literature</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medieval_baseball_(El_juego_de_la_Pelota)_in_the_Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Medieval_baseball_%28El_juego_de_la_Pelota%29_in_the_Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria.jpg/220px-Medieval_baseball_%28El_juego_de_la_Pelota%29_in_the_Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Medieval_baseball_%28El_juego_de_la_Pelota%29_in_the_Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria.jpg/330px-Medieval_baseball_%28El_juego_de_la_Pelota%29_in_the_Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Medieval_baseball_%28El_juego_de_la_Pelota%29_in_the_Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria.jpg/440px-Medieval_baseball_%28El_juego_de_la_Pelota%29_in_the_Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1553" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>An illustration of the <a href="/wiki/Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria" title="Cantigas de Santa Maria">Cantigas de Santa Maria</a> (13th century)</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 14th and 15th centuries, the progressive distancing of the kings from Galician affairs left the kingdom in the hands of the local knights, counts, and bishops, who frequently fought each other to increase their fiefs, or simply to plunder the lands of others. At the same time, the deputies of the Kingdom in the <i><a href="/wiki/Junta_of_the_Kingdom_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia">Cortes</a></i> stopped being called. The Kingdom of Galicia, slipping away from the control of the King, responded with a century of fiscal insubordination. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Un_dos_motivos_centrais_da_Igrexa_de_Vilar_de_Donas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Un_dos_motivos_centrais_da_Igrexa_de_Vilar_de_Donas.jpg/220px-Un_dos_motivos_centrais_da_Igrexa_de_Vilar_de_Donas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Un_dos_motivos_centrais_da_Igrexa_de_Vilar_de_Donas.jpg/330px-Un_dos_motivos_centrais_da_Igrexa_de_Vilar_de_Donas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Un_dos_motivos_centrais_da_Igrexa_de_Vilar_de_Donas.jpg/440px-Un_dos_motivos_centrais_da_Igrexa_de_Vilar_de_Donas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4670" data-file-height="3111" /></a><figcaption>Gothic painting at Vilar de Donas' church, <a href="/wiki/Palas_de_Rei" title="Palas de Rei">Palas de Rei</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On the other hand, the lack of an effective royal justice system in the Kingdom led to the social conflict known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Irmandi%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Irmandiño">Guerras Irmandiñas</a></i> ('Wars of the brotherhoods'), when leagues of peasants and burghers, with the support of several knights, noblemen, and under legal protection offered by the remote king, toppled many of the castles of the Kingdom and briefly drove the noblemen into Portugal and Castile. Soon after, in the late 15th century, in the dynastic conflict between <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joanna_La_Beltraneja" class="mw-redirect" title="Joanna La Beltraneja">Joanna La Beltraneja</a>, part of the Galician aristocracy supported Joanna. After Isabella's victory, she initiated an administrative and political reform which the chronicler <a href="/wiki/Zurita_y_Castro,_Jeronimo" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurita y Castro, Jeronimo">Jeronimo Zurita</a> defined as "doma del Reino de Galicia": 'It was then when the taming of Galicia began, because not just the local lords and knights, but all the people of that nation were the ones against the others very bold and warlike'. These reforms, while establishing a local government and tribunal (the <i>Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia</i>), and bringing the nobleman under submission, also brought most Galician monasteries and institutions under Castilian control, in what has been criticized as a process of centralisation. At the same time the kings began to call the <a href="/wiki/Junta_of_the_Kingdom_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia"><i>Xunta</i> or <i>Cortes</i> of the Kingdom of Galicia</a>, an assembly of deputies or representatives of the cities of the Kingdom, to ask for monetary and military contributions. This assembly soon developed into the voice and legal representation of the Kingdom, and the depositary of its will and laws. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Modern">Early Modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early Modern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Junta_of_the_Kingdom_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia">Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sueiro_Gomes_de_Souto_Maior.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sueiro_Gomes_de_Souto_Maior.JPG/220px-Sueiro_Gomes_de_Souto_Maior.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sueiro_Gomes_de_Souto_Maior.JPG/330px-Sueiro_Gomes_de_Souto_Maior.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sueiro_Gomes_de_Souto_Maior.JPG/440px-Sueiro_Gomes_de_Souto_Maior.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of the knight Sueiro Gómez de Soutomaior</figcaption></figure> <p>The modern period of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Kingdom of Galicia</a> began with the defeat of some of the most powerful Galician lords, such as Pedro Álvarez de Sotomayor, called <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Madruga" title="Pedro Madruga">Pedro Madruga</a>, and Rodrigo Henriquez Osorio, at the hands of the Castilian armies sent to Galicia between the years 1480 and 1486. <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a>, considered a usurper by many Galician nobles, defeated all armed resistance and definitively established the royal power of the Castilian monarchy. Fearing a general revolt, the monarchs ordered the banishing of the rest of the great lords like Pedro de Bolaño, Diego de Andrade, or Lope Sánchez de Moscoso, among others. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Descripcion_Reyno_de_Galizia_de_Ojea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Descripcion_Reyno_de_Galizia_de_Ojea.jpg/220px-Descripcion_Reyno_de_Galizia_de_Ojea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Descripcion_Reyno_de_Galizia_de_Ojea.jpg/330px-Descripcion_Reyno_de_Galizia_de_Ojea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Descripcion_Reyno_de_Galizia_de_Ojea.jpg/440px-Descripcion_Reyno_de_Galizia_de_Ojea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4855" data-file-height="4150" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Kingdom of Galicia, 1603</figcaption></figure> <p>The establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Hermandad" title="Santa Hermandad">Santa Hermandad</a> in 1480, and the <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia" title="Real Audiencia">Real Audiencia</a> del Reino de Galicia in 1500—a tribunal and executive body directed by the <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a>-<a href="/wiki/Captain_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain General">Captain General</a> as a direct representative of the King—implied initially the submission of the Kingdom to the Crown,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after a century of unrest and fiscal insubordination. As a result, from 1480 to 1520 the Kingdom of Galicia contributed more than 10% of the total earnings of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castille" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Castille">Crown of Castille</a>, including the Americas, well over its economic relevance.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the rest of Spain, the 16th century was marked by population growth up to 1580, when the simultaneous wars with the Netherlands, France, and England hampered Galicia's Atlantic commerce, which consisted mostly in the exportation of sardines, wood, and some cattle and wine. </p><p>In the late years of the 15th century the written form of the Galician language began a slow decline as it was increasingly replaced by Spanish, which would culminate in the <i>Séculos Escuros</i> "the Dark Centuries" of the language, roughly from the 16th century through to the mid-18th century, when written Galician almost completely disappeared except for private or occasional uses but the spoken language remained the common language of the people in the villages and even the cities. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Coru%C3%B1a._Mar%C3%ADa_Pita%E2%80%99s_statue._Galicia_(Spain).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/A_Coru%C3%B1a._Mar%C3%ADa_Pita%E2%80%99s_statue._Galicia_%28Spain%29.jpg/170px-A_Coru%C3%B1a._Mar%C3%ADa_Pita%E2%80%99s_statue._Galicia_%28Spain%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/A_Coru%C3%B1a._Mar%C3%ADa_Pita%E2%80%99s_statue._Galicia_%28Spain%29.jpg/255px-A_Coru%C3%B1a._Mar%C3%ADa_Pita%E2%80%99s_statue._Galicia_%28Spain%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/A_Coru%C3%B1a._Mar%C3%ADa_Pita%E2%80%99s_statue._Galicia_%28Spain%29.jpg/340px-A_Coru%C3%B1a._Mar%C3%ADa_Pita%E2%80%99s_statue._Galicia_%28Spain%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2719" data-file-height="3653" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pita" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Pita">Maria Pita</a>, heroine of the defense of <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a> during the English <a href="/wiki/English_Armada" title="English Armada">siege of 1589</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From that moment Galicia, which participated to a minor extent in the American expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>, found itself at the center of the Atlantic wars fought by Spain against the French and the Protestant powers of England and the Netherlands, whose <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateers</a> attacked the coastal areas, but major assaults were not common as the coastline was difficult and the harbors easily defended. The most famous assaults were upon the city of Vigo by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Sir Francis Drake</a> in 1585 and 1589, and the siege of <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a> in 1589 by the <i><a href="/wiki/English_Armada" title="English Armada">English Armada</a></i>. Galicia also suffered occasional slave raids by <a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbary pirates">Barbary pirates</a>, but not as frequently as the Mediterranean coastal areas. The most famous Barbary attack was the bloody sack of the town of <a href="/wiki/Cangas_do_Morrazo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cangas do Morrazo">Cangas</a> in 1617.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, the king's petitions for money and troops became more frequent, due to the human and economic exhaustion of Castile; the <a href="/wiki/Junta_of_the_Kingdom_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia">Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia</a> (the local <i>Cortes</i> or <a href="/wiki/Representative_assembly" title="Representative assembly">representative assembly</a>) was initially receptive to these petitions, raising large sums, accepting the conscription of the men of the kingdom, and even commissioning a new naval squadron which was sustained with the incomes of the Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Vigo_bay_october_23_1702.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Battle_of_Vigo_bay_october_23_1702.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Vigo_bay_october_23_1702.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Battle_of_Vigo_bay_october_23_1702.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Vigo_bay_october_23_1702.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Battle_of_Vigo_bay_october_23_1702.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Vigo_bay_october_23_1702.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1954" data-file-height="1449" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vigo_Bay" title="Battle of Vigo Bay">Battle of Vigo Bay</a>, 23 October 1702</figcaption></figure> <p>After the rupture of the wars with <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reapers%27_War" title="Reapers' War">Catalonia</a>, the <i>Junta</i> changed its attitude, this time due to the exhaustion of Galicia, now involved not just in naval or oversea operations, but also in an exhausting war with the Portuguese, war which produced thousands of casualties and refugees and was heavily disturbing to the local economy and commerce. So, in the second half of the 17th century the <i>Junta</i> frequently denied or considerably reduced the initial petitions of the monarch, and though the tension did not rise to the levels experienced in Portugal or Catalonia, there were frequent urban mutinies and some voices even asked for the secession of the Kingdom of Galicia.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Modern_and_Contemporary">Late Modern and Contemporary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Late Modern and Contemporary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Combat_de_la_Corogne_16_janvier_1809_(ca._1823)_-_Lecomte,_Hippolyte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Combat_de_la_Corogne_16_janvier_1809_%28ca._1823%29_-_Lecomte%2C_Hippolyte.jpg/220px-Combat_de_la_Corogne_16_janvier_1809_%28ca._1823%29_-_Lecomte%2C_Hippolyte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Combat_de_la_Corogne_16_janvier_1809_%28ca._1823%29_-_Lecomte%2C_Hippolyte.jpg/330px-Combat_de_la_Corogne_16_janvier_1809_%28ca._1823%29_-_Lecomte%2C_Hippolyte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Combat_de_la_Corogne_16_janvier_1809_%28ca._1823%29_-_Lecomte%2C_Hippolyte.jpg/440px-Combat_de_la_Corogne_16_janvier_1809_%28ca._1823%29_-_Lecomte%2C_Hippolyte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1187" data-file-height="977" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corunna" title="Battle of Corunna">Battle of Corunna</a> on 16 January 1809</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a> the successful uprising of the local people against the new French authorities, together with the support of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>, limited the occupation to six months in 1808–1809. During the pre-war period the Supreme Council of the Kingdom of Galicia (<i>Junta Suprema del Reino de Galicia</i>), auto-proclaimed interim sovereign in 1808, was the sole government of the country and mobilized near 40,000 men against the invaders. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1833_territorial_division_of_Spain" title="1833 territorial division of Spain">1833 territorial division of Spain</a> put a formal end to the Kingdom of Galicia, unifying Spain into a single centralized monarchy. Instead of seven provinces and a regional administration, Galicia was reorganized into the current four provinces. Although it was recognized as a "historical region", that status was strictly honorific. In reaction, <a href="/wiki/Galician_nationalism" title="Galician nationalism">nationalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federalist</a> movements arose. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Batalla_Elvi%C3%B1a_Eli2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Batalla_Elvi%C3%B1a_Eli2.jpg/220px-Batalla_Elvi%C3%B1a_Eli2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Batalla_Elvi%C3%B1a_Eli2.jpg/330px-Batalla_Elvi%C3%B1a_Eli2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Batalla_Elvi%C3%B1a_Eli2.jpg/440px-Batalla_Elvi%C3%B1a_Eli2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1868" data-file-height="1274" /></a><figcaption>Re-enactment of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corunna" title="Battle of Corunna">Battle of Corunna</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miguel_Sol%C3%ADs_Cuetos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miguel Solís Cuetos (page does not exist)">Miguel Solís Cuetos</a> led a <a href="/wiki/Sol%C3%ADs_Uprising" title="Solís Uprising">separatist coup attempt</a> in 1846 against the <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a> regime of <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Ramón María Narváez</a>. Solís and his forces were defeated at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cacheiras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Cacheiras (page does not exist)">Battle of Cacheiras</a>, 23 April 1846, and the survivors, including Solís himself, were shot. They have taken their place in Galician memory as the Martyrs of Carral or simply the Martyrs of Liberty. </p><p>Defeated on the military front, Galicians turned to culture. The <i><a href="/wiki/Rexurdimento" title="Rexurdimento">Rexurdimento</a></i> focused on the recovery of the Galician language as a vehicle of social and cultural expression. Among the writers associated with this movement are <a href="/wiki/Rosal%C3%ADa_de_Castro" title="Rosalía de Castro">Rosalía de Castro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Murgu%C3%ADa" title="Manuel Murguía">Manuel Murguía</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Leiras_Pulpeiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Leiras Pulpeiro (page does not exist)">Manuel Leiras Pulpeiro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Pondal" title="Eduardo Pondal">Eduardo Pondal</a>. </p><p>In the early 20th century came another turn toward nationalist politics with <i><a href="/wiki/Galician_Solidarity" title="Galician Solidarity">Solidaridad Gallega</a></i> (1907–1912) modeled on <i><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Solidarity_(1906)" title="Catalan Solidarity (1906)">Solidaritat Catalana</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>. Solidaridad Gallega failed, but in 1916 <i><a href="/wiki/Irmandades_da_Fala" title="Irmandades da Fala">Irmandades da Fala</a></i> (Brotherhood of the Language) developed first as a cultural association but soon as a full-blown nationalist movement. <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Risco" title="Vicente Risco">Vicente Risco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Otero_Pedrayo" title="Ramón Otero Pedrayo">Ramón Otero Pedrayo</a> were outstanding cultural figures of this movement, and the magazine <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%B3s_(Galicia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nós (Galicia) (page does not exist)">Nós</a></i> ('Us'), founded in 1920, its most notable cultural institution, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lois_Pe%C3%B1a_Novo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lois Peña Novo (page does not exist)">Lois Peña Novo</a> the outstanding political figure. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camilo_D%C3%ADaz_Bali%C3%B1o_Estatuto_de_Galicia,_s%C3%AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Camilo_D%C3%ADaz_Bali%C3%B1o_Estatuto_de_Galicia%2C_s%C3%AD.jpg/170px-Camilo_D%C3%ADaz_Bali%C3%B1o_Estatuto_de_Galicia%2C_s%C3%AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Camilo_D%C3%ADaz_Bali%C3%B1o_Estatuto_de_Galicia%2C_s%C3%AD.jpg/255px-Camilo_D%C3%ADaz_Bali%C3%B1o_Estatuto_de_Galicia%2C_s%C3%AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Camilo_D%C3%ADaz_Bali%C3%B1o_Estatuto_de_Galicia%2C_s%C3%AD.jpg/340px-Camilo_D%C3%ADaz_Bali%C3%B1o_Estatuto_de_Galicia%2C_s%C3%AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Pro–devolved-government poster, 1936</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estatuto_de_Galicia_de_1936.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Estatuto_de_Galicia_de_1936.pdf/page1-170px-Estatuto_de_Galicia_de_1936.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Estatuto_de_Galicia_de_1936.pdf/page1-255px-Estatuto_de_Galicia_de_1936.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Estatuto_de_Galicia_de_1936.pdf/page1-340px-Estatuto_de_Galicia_de_1936.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="1445" /></a><figcaption><i>Estatuto de Galicia</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a> was declared in 1931. During the republic, the <a href="/wiki/Partido_Galeguista_(1931)" title="Partido Galeguista (1931)">Partido Galeguista</a> (PG) was the most important of a shifting collection of <a href="/wiki/Galician_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician nationalist">Galician nationalist</a> parties. Following a referendum on a <a href="/wiki/Galician_Statute_of_Autonomy_(1936)" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician Statute of Autonomy (1936)">Galician Statute of Autonomy</a>, Galicia was granted the status of an autonomous region. </p><p>Galicia was spared the worst of the fighting in that war: it was one of the areas where the initial coup attempt at the outset of the war was successful, and it remained in Nationalist hands (Franco's army) throughout the war. While there were no pitched battles, there was repression and death: all political parties were abolished, as were all labor unions and Galician nationalist organizations as the <i>Seminario de Estudos Galegos</i>. Galicia's statute of autonomy was annulled (as were those of <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque</a> provinces once those were conquered). According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Santander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Fernández Santander (page does not exist)">Carlos Fernández Santander</a>, at least 4,200 people were killed either extrajudicially or after summary trials, among them republicans, communists, Galician nationalists, socialists, and anarchists. Victims included the civil governors of all four Galician provinces; <a href="/wiki/Juana_Capdevielle" title="Juana Capdevielle">Juana Capdevielle</a>, the wife of the governor of A Coruña; mayors such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81nxel_Casal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ánxel Casal (page does not exist)">Ánxel Casal</a> of Santiago de Compostela, of the Partido Galeguista; prominent socialists such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaime_Quintanilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaime Quintanilla (page does not exist)">Jaime Quintanilla</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Spain" title="Ferrol, Spain">Ferrol</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Mart%C3%ADnez_Garrido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emilio Martínez Garrido (page does not exist)">Emilio Martínez Garrido</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_(Spain)" title="Popular Front (Spain)">Popular Front</a> deputies <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Bilbat%C3%BAa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Bilbatúa (page does not exist)">Antonio Bilbatúa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mi%C3%B1ones" title="José Miñones">José Miñones</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%ADaz_Villamil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Díaz Villamil (page does not exist)">Díaz Villamil</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignacio_Seoane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignacio Seoane (page does not exist)">Ignacio Seoane</a>, and former deputy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heraclio_Botana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heraclio Botana (page does not exist)">Heraclio Botana</a>); soldiers who had not joined the rebellion, such as Generals <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rogelio_Caridad_Pita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rogelio Caridad Pita (page does not exist)">Rogelio Caridad Pita</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enrique_Salcedo_Molinuevo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enrique Salcedo Molinuevo (page does not exist)">Enrique Salcedo Molinuevo</a> and Admiral <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Azarola" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Azarola">Antonio Azarola</a>; and the founders of the PG, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_B%C3%B3veda" title="Alexandre Bóveda">Alexandre Bóveda</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%ADctor_Casas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Víctor Casas (page does not exist)">Víctor Casas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as other professionals akin to republicans and nationalists, as the journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Lustres_Rivas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Lustres Rivas (page does not exist)">Manuel Lustres Rivas</a> or physician <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Poza_Pastrana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Poza Pastrana (page does not exist)">Luis Poza Pastrana</a>. Many others were forced to escape into exile, or were victims of other reprisals and removed from their jobs and positions. General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> – himself a Galician from <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Spain" title="Ferrol, Spain">Ferrol</a> – ruled as dictator from the civil war until he died in 1975. Franco's centralizing regime suppressed any official use of the Galician language, including the use of Galician names for newborns, although its everyday oral use was not forbidden. Among the attempts at resistance were small leftist guerrilla groups such as those led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Castro_Veiga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Castro Veiga (page does not exist)">José Castro Veiga</a> ("O Piloto") and <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Andrade" title="Benigno Andrade">Benigno Andrade</a> ("Foucellas"), both of whom were ultimately captured and executed.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960s, ministers such as <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Fraga_Iribarne" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Fraga Iribarne">Manuel Fraga Iribarne</a> introduced some reforms allowing <a href="/wiki/Technocrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Technocrat">technocrats</a> affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a> to modernize administration in a way that facilitated <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalist</a> economic development. However, for decades Galicia was largely confined to the role of a supplier of raw materials and energy to the rest of Spain, causing environmental havoc and leading to a wave of migration to <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> and to various parts of Europe. <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Fenosa" title="Unión Fenosa">Fenosa</a>, the monopolistic supplier of electricity, built hydroelectric dams, flooding many Galician river valleys. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:O_pobo_de_Ver%C3%ADn_en_lembranza_dos_fusilados_o_d%C3%ADa_17_de_xu%C3%B1o_de_1937.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/O_pobo_de_Ver%C3%ADn_en_lembranza_dos_fusilados_o_d%C3%ADa_17_de_xu%C3%B1o_de_1937.JPG/220px-O_pobo_de_Ver%C3%ADn_en_lembranza_dos_fusilados_o_d%C3%ADa_17_de_xu%C3%B1o_de_1937.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/O_pobo_de_Ver%C3%ADn_en_lembranza_dos_fusilados_o_d%C3%ADa_17_de_xu%C3%B1o_de_1937.JPG/330px-O_pobo_de_Ver%C3%ADn_en_lembranza_dos_fusilados_o_d%C3%ADa_17_de_xu%C3%B1o_de_1937.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/O_pobo_de_Ver%C3%ADn_en_lembranza_dos_fusilados_o_d%C3%ADa_17_de_xu%C3%B1o_de_1937.JPG/440px-O_pobo_de_Ver%C3%ADn_en_lembranza_dos_fusilados_o_d%C3%ADa_17_de_xu%C3%B1o_de_1937.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1487" data-file-height="991" /></a><figcaption>Memorial to the mayor and other republicans, including a syndicalist and a journal director, executed in Verín, 17 June 1937</figcaption></figure> <p>The Galician economy finally began to modernize with a French <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn" title="Citroën">Citroën</a> factory in Vigo, the modernization of the canning industry and the fishing fleet, and eventually a modernization of small peasant farming practices, especially in the production of cows' milk. In the province of Ourense, businessman and politician <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eulogio_G%C3%B3mez_Franqueira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eulogio Gómez Franqueira (page does not exist)">Eulogio Gómez Franqueira</a> gave impetus to the raising of livestock and poultry by establishing the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cooperativa_Orensana_S.A.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cooperativa Orensana S.A. (page does not exist)">Cooperativa Orensana S.A.</a> (Coren). </p><p>During the last decade of Franco's rule, there was a renewal of nationalist feeling in Galicia. The early 1970s were a time of unrest among university students, workers, and farmers. In 1972, general strikes in Vigo and Ferrol cost the lives of Amador Rey and Daniel Niebla.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the bishop of <a href="/wiki/Mondo%C3%B1edo" title="Mondoñedo">Mondoñedo</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Spain" title="Ferrol, Spain">Ferrol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miguel_Anxo_Ara%C3%BAxo_Iglesias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miguel Anxo Araúxo Iglesias (page does not exist)">Miguel Anxo Araúxo Iglesias</a>, wrote a pastoral letter that was not well received by the Franco regime, about a demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Navantia" title="Navantia">Bazán</a> (Ferrol) where two workers died.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">transition to democracy</a> upon the death of Franco in 1975, Galicia regained its status as an autonomous region within Spain with the Statute of Autonomy of 1981, which begins, "Galicia, historical nationality, is constituted as an Autonomous Community to access to its self-government, in agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution">Spanish Constitution</a> and with the present Statute (…)". Varying degrees of <a href="/wiki/Nationalisms_and_regionalisms_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain">nationalist</a> or independentist sentiment are evident at the political level. The <i><a href="/wiki/Bloque_Nacionalista_Galego" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloque Nacionalista Galego">Bloque Nacionalista Galego</a></i> or BNG, is a conglomerate of <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> parties and individuals that claims Galician political status as a nation. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandeira_galega_socialista.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bandeira_galega_socialista.svg/220px-Bandeira_galega_socialista.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bandeira_galega_socialista.svg/330px-Bandeira_galega_socialista.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bandeira_galega_socialista.svg/440px-Bandeira_galega_socialista.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Estreleira" title="Estreleira">Estreleira</a>, Galician nationalist flag</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1990 to 2005, Manuel Fraga, former minister and ambassador in the Franco dictatorship, presided over the Galician autonomous government, the <a href="/wiki/Xunta_de_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xunta de Galicia">Xunta de Galicia</a>. Fraga was associated with the <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">Partido Popular</a></i> ('People's Party', Spain's main national <a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservative</a> party) since its founding. In 2002, when the oil tanker <a href="/wiki/Prestige_(oil_tanker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prestige (oil tanker)">Prestige</a> sank and covered the Galician coast in oil, Fraga was accused by the grassroots movement <i><a href="/wiki/Plataforma_Nunca_Mais" class="mw-redirect" title="Plataforma Nunca Mais">Nunca Mais</a></i> ("Never again") of having been unwilling to react. In the 2005 Galician elections, the 'People's Party' lost its absolute majority, though remaining (barely) the largest party in the parliament, with 43% of the total votes. As a result, power passed to a coalition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Socialists%27_Party_of_Galicia" title="Socialists' Party of Galicia">Partido dos Socialistas de Galicia</a></i> (PSdeG) ('Galician <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">Socialists</a>' Party'), a federal sister-party of Spain's main social-democratic party, the <i><a href="/wiki/Partido_Socialista_Obrero_Espa%C3%B1ol" class="mw-redirect" title="Partido Socialista Obrero Español">Partido Socialista Obrero Español</a></i> (PSOE, 'Spanish Socialist Workers Party') and the nationalist <i><a href="/wiki/Bloque_Nacionalista_Galego" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloque Nacionalista Galego">Bloque Nacionalista Galego</a></i> (BNG). As the senior partner in the new coalition, the PSdeG nominated its leader, <a href="/wiki/Emilio_P%C3%A9rez_Touri%C3%B1o" title="Emilio Pérez Touriño">Emilio Pérez Touriño</a>, to serve as Galicia's new president, with <a href="/wiki/Anxo_Quintana" title="Anxo Quintana">Anxo Quintana</a>, the leader of BNG, as its vice president. </p><p>In 2009, the PSdG-BNG coalition lost the elections, and the government went back to the People's Party (conservative), even though the PSdG-BNG coalition obtained the most votes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Galicia" title="Geography of Galicia">Geography of Galicia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%B6hlen_(24991317572).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/H%C3%B6hlen_%2824991317572%29.jpg/220px-H%C3%B6hlen_%2824991317572%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/H%C3%B6hlen_%2824991317572%29.jpg/330px-H%C3%B6hlen_%2824991317572%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/H%C3%B6hlen_%2824991317572%29.jpg/440px-H%C3%B6hlen_%2824991317572%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2256" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/As_Catedrais_beach" title="As Catedrais beach">As Catedrais beach</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ribadeo" title="Ribadeo">Ribadeo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Galicia has a surface area of 29,574 square kilometres (11,419 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-DossierGalicia_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DossierGalicia-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its northernmost point, at 43°47′N, is <a href="/wiki/Estaca_de_Bares_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Estaca de Bares Point">Estaca de Bares</a> (also the northernmost point of Spain); its southernmost, at 41°49′N, is on the Portuguese border in the <a href="/wiki/Baixa_Limia-Serra_do_Xur%C3%A9s_Natural_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Baixa Limia-Serra do Xurés Natural Park">Baixa Limia-Serra do Xurés Natural Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DossierGalicia_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DossierGalicia-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The easternmost longitude is at 6°42′W on the border between the province of <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castilian-Leonese</a> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">province of Zamora</a>) its westernmost at 9°18′W reached in two places: the A Nave Cape in <a href="/wiki/Fisterra" title="Fisterra">Fisterra</a> (also known as Finisterre), and Cape Touriñán, both in the province of A Coruña.<sup id="cite_ref-DossierGalicia_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DossierGalicia-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dende_a_Garita_de_Erbeira_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dende_a_Garita_de_Erbeira_01.JPG/220px-Dende_a_Garita_de_Erbeira_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dende_a_Garita_de_Erbeira_01.JPG/330px-Dende_a_Garita_de_Erbeira_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dende_a_Garita_de_Erbeira_01.JPG/440px-Dende_a_Garita_de_Erbeira_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Cliffs of <a href="/wiki/Vix%C3%ADa_Herbeira" title="Vixía Herbeira">Vixía Herbeira</a> near <a href="/wiki/Cape_Ortegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Ortegal">Cape Ortegal</a>, the highest (613 m) in continental Europe</figcaption></figure> <p>The interior of Galicia is a hilly landscape, composed of relatively low mountain ranges, usually below 1,000 m (3,300 ft) high, without sharp peaks, rising to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in the eastern mountains. There are many rivers, most (though not all) running down relatively gentle slopes in narrow river valleys, though at times their courses become far more rugged, as in the canyons of the <a href="/wiki/Sil_(river)" title="Sil (river)">Sil</a> river, Galicia's second most important river after the <a href="/wiki/Minho_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Minho River">Miño</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prados_en_Pambre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Prados_en_Pambre.jpg/220px-Prados_en_Pambre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Prados_en_Pambre.jpg/330px-Prados_en_Pambre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Prados_en_Pambre.jpg/440px-Prados_en_Pambre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5272" data-file-height="3229" /></a><figcaption>Meadows in Pambre, <a href="/wiki/Palas_de_Rei" title="Palas de Rei">Palas de Rei</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Topographically, a remarkable feature of Galicia is the presence of many <a href="/wiki/Firth" title="Firth">firth</a>-like inlets along the coast, <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuaries</a> that were drowned with rising sea levels after the <a href="/wiki/Quaternary_glaciation" title="Quaternary glaciation">ice age</a>. These are called <i><a href="/wiki/Ria" title="Ria">rías</a></i> and are divided into the smaller <i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADas_Altas" title="Rías Altas">Rías Altas</a></i> ("High Rías"), and the larger <i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADas_Baixas" title="Rías Baixas">Rías Baixas</a></i> ("Low Rías"). The <i>Rías Altas</i> include Ribadeo, Foz, Viveiro, O Barqueiro, Ortigueira, Cedeira, Ferrol, Betanzos, A Coruña, Corme e Laxe and Camariñas. The Rías Baixas, found south of Fisterra, include Corcubión, Muros e Noia, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADa_de_Arousa" title="Ría de Arousa">Arousa</a>, Pontevedra and Vigo. The Rías Altas can sometimes refer only to those east of <a href="/wiki/Estaca_de_Bares_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Estaca de Bares Point">Estaca de Bares</a>, with the others being called <i>Rías Medias</i> ("Intermediate Rías"). </p><p>Erosion by the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> has contributed to the great number of <a href="/wiki/Cape_(geography)" title="Cape (geography)">capes</a>. Besides the aforementioned Estaca de Bares in the far north, separating the Atlantic Ocean from the Cantabrian Sea, other notable capes are <a href="/wiki/Cape_Ortegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Ortegal">Cape Ortegal</a>, Cape Prior, Punta Santo Adrao, Cape Vilán, Cape Touriñán (westernmost point in Galicia), <a href="/wiki/Cape_Finisterre" title="Cape Finisterre">Cape Finisterre</a> or Fisterra, considered by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Land%27s_End" title="Land's End">Land's End</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, to be the end of the known world. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrol_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ferrol_City.jpg/220px-Ferrol_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ferrol_City.jpg/330px-Ferrol_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ferrol_City.jpg/440px-Ferrol_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ria" title="Ria">ria</a> of Ferrol is an important naval base of Spain</figcaption></figure> <p>All along the Galician coast are various <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelagos</a> near the mouths of the <i>rías</i>. These archipelagos provide protected deepwater harbors and also provide habitat for seagoing birds. A 2007 inventory estimates that the Galician coast has 316 archipelagos, islets, and freestanding rocks.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the most important of these are the archipelagos of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADes_Islands" title="Cíes Islands">Cíes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ons_Island" title="Ons Island">Ons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1lvora" title="Sálvora">Sálvora</a>. Together with <a href="/wiki/Cortegada_Island" title="Cortegada Island">Cortegada Island</a>, these make up the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Islands_of_Galicia_National_Park" title="Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park">Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park</a>. Other significant islands are Islas Malveiras, Islas Sisargas, and, the largest and holding the largest population, <a href="/wiki/A_Illa_de_Arousa" title="A Illa de Arousa">Arousa Island</a>. </p><p>The coast of this 'green corner' of the Iberian Peninsula, some 1,500 km (930 mi) in length, attracts great numbers of tourists, although real estate development in the 2000–2010 decade has degraded it partially. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tres_Bispos,_Ancares._Cervantes,_Galiza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tres_Bispos%2C_Ancares._Cervantes%2C_Galiza.jpg/220px-Tres_Bispos%2C_Ancares._Cervantes%2C_Galiza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tres_Bispos%2C_Ancares._Cervantes%2C_Galiza.jpg/330px-Tres_Bispos%2C_Ancares._Cervantes%2C_Galiza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tres_Bispos%2C_Ancares._Cervantes%2C_Galiza.jpg/440px-Tres_Bispos%2C_Ancares._Cervantes%2C_Galiza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>'Tres Bispos' peak, <a href="/wiki/Cervantes,_Lugo" title="Cervantes, Lugo">Cervantes, Lugo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Galicia is quite <a href="/wiki/Mountainous" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountainous">mountainous</a>, a fact which has contributed to isolate the rural areas, hampering communications, most notably in the inland. The main mountain range is the <a href="/wiki/Macizo_Galaico" class="mw-redirect" title="Macizo Galaico">Macizo Galaico</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Serra_do_Eixe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serra do Eixe (page does not exist)">Serra do Eixe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serra_da_Lastra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serra da Lastra (page does not exist)">Serra da Lastra</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serra_do_Courel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serra do Courel (page does not exist)">Serra do Courel</a>), also known as <i>Macizo Galaico-Leonés</i>, located in the eastern parts, bordering with <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a>. Noteworthy mountain ranges are <a href="/w/index.php?title=O_Xistral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O Xistral (page does not exist)">O Xistral</a> (northern <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lugo" title="Province of Lugo">Lugo</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Serra_dos_Ancares" title="Serra dos Ancares">Serra dos Ancares</a> (on the border with <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=O_Courel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O Courel (page does not exist)">O Courel</a> (on the border with León), <a href="/w/index.php?title=O_Eixe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O Eixe (page does not exist)">O Eixe</a> (the border between <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ourense" title="Province of Ourense">Ourense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Zamora</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serra_de_Queixa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serra de Queixa (page does not exist)">Serra de Queixa</a> (in the center of Ourense province), <a href="/w/index.php?title=O_Faro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O Faro (page does not exist)">O Faro</a> (the border between Lugo and Pontevedra), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cova_da_Serpe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cova da Serpe (page does not exist)">Cova da Serpe</a> (border of Lugo and A Coruña), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montemaior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montemaior (page does not exist)">Montemaior</a> (A Coruña), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montes_do_Testeiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montes do Testeiro (page does not exist)">Montes do Testeiro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serra_do_Su%C3%ADdo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serra do Suído (page does not exist)">Serra do Suído</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faro_de_Avi%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faro de Avión (page does not exist)">Faro de Avión</a> (between Pontevedra and Ourense); and, to the south, <a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Peneda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Peneda (page does not exist)">A Peneda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=O_Xur%C3%A9s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O Xurés (page does not exist)">O Xurés</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=O_Larouco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O Larouco (page does not exist)">O Larouco</a>, all on the border of Ourense and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. </p><p>The highest point in Galicia is <a href="/wiki/Trevinca" title="Trevinca">Trevinca</a> or Pena Trevinca (2,124 metres or 6,969 feet), located in the Serra do Eixe, at the border between Ourense and León and Zamora provinces. Other<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tall peaks are Pena Survia (2,112 metres or 6,929 feet) in the Serra do Eixe, O Mustallar (1,935 metres or 6,348 feet) in <a href="/wiki/Os_Ancares" title="Os Ancares">Os Ancares</a>, and Cabeza de Manzaneda (1,782 metres or 5,846 feet) in Serra de Queixa, where there is a ski resort. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrography">Hydrography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hydrography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragas_do_Eume.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fragas_do_Eume.jpg/170px-Fragas_do_Eume.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fragas_do_Eume.jpg/255px-Fragas_do_Eume.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fragas_do_Eume.jpg/340px-Fragas_do_Eume.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Riparian" class="mw-redirect" title="Riparian">Riparian</a> forest on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Eume" class="mw-redirect" title="Eume">Eume</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Galicia is poetically known as the "country of the <a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Galicia" title="Rivers of Galicia">thousand rivers</a>" ("o país dos mil ríos"). The largest and most important of these rivers is the <a href="/wiki/Minho_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Minho River">Miño</a>, poetically known as <i>O Pai Miño</i> (Father Miño), which is 307.5 km (191.1 mi) long and discharges 419 m<sup>3</sup> (548 cu yd) per second, with its affluent the <a href="/wiki/Sil_(river)" title="Sil (river)">Sil</a>, which has created a spectacular canyon. Most of the rivers in the inland are tributaries of this river system, which drains some 17,027 km<sup>2</sup> (6,574 sq mi). Other rivers run directly into the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Sea" title="Cantabrian Sea">Cantabrian Sea</a>, most of them having short courses. Only the <a href="/wiki/Navia_(river)" title="Navia (river)">Navia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulla_(river)" title="Ulla (river)">Ulla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tambre" title="Tambre">Tambre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Limia" title="Limia">Limia</a> have courses longer than 100 km (62 mi). </p><p>Galicia's many <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric</a> dams take advantage of the steep, deep, narrow rivers and their canyons. Due to their steep course, few of Galicia's rivers are navigable, other than the lower portion of the Miño and the portions of various rivers that have been dammed into reservoirs. Some rivers are navigable by small boats in their lower reaches: this is taken great advantage of in several semi-aquatic festivals and pilgrimages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Can%C3%B3ns_do_Sil,_Nogueira_de_Ramu%C3%ADn_e_Ribas_de_Sil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Can%C3%B3ns_do_Sil%2C_Nogueira_de_Ramu%C3%ADn_e_Ribas_de_Sil.jpg/220px-Can%C3%B3ns_do_Sil%2C_Nogueira_de_Ramu%C3%ADn_e_Ribas_de_Sil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Can%C3%B3ns_do_Sil%2C_Nogueira_de_Ramu%C3%ADn_e_Ribas_de_Sil.jpg/330px-Can%C3%B3ns_do_Sil%2C_Nogueira_de_Ramu%C3%ADn_e_Ribas_de_Sil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Can%C3%B3ns_do_Sil%2C_Nogueira_de_Ramu%C3%ADn_e_Ribas_de_Sil.jpg/440px-Can%C3%B3ns_do_Sil%2C_Nogueira_de_Ramu%C3%ADn_e_Ribas_de_Sil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The River <a href="/wiki/Sil_(river)" title="Sil (river)">Sil</a> and its canyon</figcaption></figure> <p>Galicia has preserved some of its dense forests. It is relatively unpolluted, and its landscapes composed of green hills, cliffs, and <i>rias</i> are generally different from what is commonly understood as Spanish landscape. Nevertheless, Galicia has some important environmental problems. </p><p>Deforestation and forest fires are a problem in many areas, as is the continual spread of the <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a> tree, a species imported from Australia, actively promoted by the paper industry since the mid-20th century. Galicia is one of the more forested areas of Spain, but the majority of Galicia's plantations, usually growing eucalyptus or pine, lack any formal management.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Massive eucalyptus plantation, especially of <i><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_globulus" title="Eucalyptus globulus">Eucalyptus globulus</a></i>, began in the <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> era, largely on behalf of the paper company Empresa Nacional de Celulosas de España (ENCE) in <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a>, which wanted it for its pulp. Galician photographer <a href="/wiki/Delmi_%C3%81lvarez" title="Delmi Álvarez">Delmi Álvarez</a> began documenting the fires in Galicia in 2006 in a project called <i>Queiman Galiza (Burn Galicia)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-llanosmartinezELPAIS16oct2017_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-llanosmartinezELPAIS16oct2017-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wood products figure significantly in Galicia's economy. Apart from tree plantations, Galicia is also notable for the extensive surface occupied by meadows used for animal husbandry, especially <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a>, an important activity. Hydroelectric development in most rivers has been a serious concern for local conservationists during the last decades. </p><p>Fauna, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_wolf" title="Eurasian wolf">European wolf</a>, has suffered because of the actions of livestock owners and farmers, and because of the loss of habitats, whilst the native deer species have declined because of hunting and development. </p><p>Oil spills are a major issue. The <a href="/wiki/Prestige_oil_spill" title="Prestige oil spill">Prestige oil spill</a> in 2002 spilled more oil than the <a href="/wiki/Exxon_Valdez" title="Exxon Valdez">Exxon Valdez</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-new_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Biodiversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dende_a_Garita_de_Erbeira_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Dende_a_Garita_de_Erbeira_02.JPG/220px-Dende_a_Garita_de_Erbeira_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Dende_a_Garita_de_Erbeira_02.JPG/330px-Dende_a_Garita_de_Erbeira_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Dende_a_Garita_de_Erbeira_02.JPG/440px-Dende_a_Garita_de_Erbeira_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2690" data-file-height="2018" /></a><figcaption>Galician Blond cows</figcaption></figure> <p>Galicia has more than 2,800 plant species and 31 endemic plant taxa. Plantations and mixed forests of eucalyptus predominate in the west and north; a few oak forests (variously known locally as <i>fragas</i> or <i>devesas</i>) remain, particularly in the north-central part of the province of Lugo and the north of the province of A Coruña (Fragas do Eume). In the interior regions of the country, oak and bushland predominate. Galicia has 262 inventoried species of <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a>, including 12 species of freshwater fish, 15 <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a>, 24 <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a>, 152 birds, and 59 mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lobo_(5750180735).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Lobo_%285750180735%29.jpg/220px-Lobo_%285750180735%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Lobo_%285750180735%29.jpg/330px-Lobo_%285750180735%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Lobo_%285750180735%29.jpg/440px-Lobo_%285750180735%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2192" /></a><figcaption>Iberian wolf, Galicia</figcaption></figure> <p>The animals most often thought of as being "typical" of Galicia are the livestock raised there. The <a href="/wiki/Galician_horse" title="Galician horse">Galician horse</a> is native to the region, as is the <a href="/wiki/Galician_Blond" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician Blond">Galician Blond</a> cow and the domestic <a href="/wiki/Fowl" title="Fowl">fowl</a> known as the <i>galiña de <a href="/wiki/Mos_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mos (Spain)">Mos</a></i>. The last is an <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a>, although it is showing signs of a comeback since 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Galicia is home to one of the largest populations of <a href="/wiki/Iberian_wolf" title="Iberian wolf">wolves</a> in western Europe. Galicia's woodlands and mountains are also home to <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hares" class="mw-redirect" title="Hares">hares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">roe deer</a>, all of which are popular with hunters. Several important bird migration routes pass through Galicia, and some of the community's relatively few environmentally protected areas are <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Area" title="Special Protection Area">Special Protection Areas</a> (such as on the Ría de Ribadeo) for these birds. From a domestic point of view, Galicia has been credited by the author <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rivas" title="Manuel Rivas">Manuel Rivas</a> as the "land of one million cows". <a href="/wiki/Galician_Blond" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician Blond">Galician Blond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holstein_cattle" class="mw-redirect" title="Holstein cattle">Holstein cattle</a> coexist on meadows and farms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacios,_Serra_do_Courel,_Galiza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pacios%2C_Serra_do_Courel%2C_Galiza.jpg/220px-Pacios%2C_Serra_do_Courel%2C_Galiza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pacios%2C_Serra_do_Courel%2C_Galiza.jpg/330px-Pacios%2C_Serra_do_Courel%2C_Galiza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pacios%2C_Serra_do_Courel%2C_Galiza.jpg/440px-Pacios%2C_Serra_do_Courel%2C_Galiza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Pacios, Courel, Lugo</figcaption></figure> <p>Being located on the Atlantic coastline, Galicia has a very mild climate for the latitude and the marine influence affects most of the province to various degrees. In comparison to similar latitudes on the other side of the Atlantic, winters are exceptionally mild, with consistent rainfall. At sea level snow is exceptional, with temperatures just occasionally dropping below freezing; on the other hand, snow regularly falls in the eastern mountains from November to May. Overall, the climate of Galicia is comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>; the warmest coastal station of Pontevedra has a yearly mean temperature of 14.8 °C (58.6 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ourense located somewhat inland is only slightly warmer with 14.9 °C (58.8 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lugo, to the north, is colder, with 12 °C (54 °F),<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similar to the 12.45 °C (54.41 °F) of <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>. </p><p>In coastal areas summers are tempered, with daily maximums averaging around 25 °C (77 °F) in Vigo.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temperatures are further cooler in A Coruña, with a subdued 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) normal.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temperatures are much higher in inland areas such as Ourense, where days above 30 °C (86 °F) are regular. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pontevedra_city_Seafront_promenade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pontevedra_city_Seafront_promenade.jpg/220px-Pontevedra_city_Seafront_promenade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pontevedra_city_Seafront_promenade.jpg/330px-Pontevedra_city_Seafront_promenade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pontevedra_city_Seafront_promenade.jpg/440px-Pontevedra_city_Seafront_promenade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ria_de_Pontevedra" title="Ria de Pontevedra">Ria de Pontevedra</a> in the Rias Baixas.</figcaption></figure> <p>The lands of Galicia are ascribed to two different areas in the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a south area (roughly, the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ourense" title="Province of Ourense">province of Ourense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pontevedra" title="Province of Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a>) with appreciable summer drought, classified as a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">warm-summer Mediterranean climate</a> (<i>Csb</i>), with mild temperatures and rainfall usual throughout the year; and the western and northern coastal regions, the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lugo" title="Province of Lugo">Lugo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="Province of A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, which are characterized by their <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">Oceanic climate</a> (<i>Cfb</i>), with a more uniform precipitation distribution along the year, and milder summers.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, precipitation in southern coastal areas are often classified as oceanic since the averages remain significantly higher than a typical Mediterranean climate. </p><p>As an example, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, the capital city, has an average<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 129 rainy days (> 1 mm) and 1,362 millimetres (53.6 in) per year (with just 17 rainy days in the three summer months) and 2,101 sunlight hours per year, with just 6 days with frosts per year. But the colder city of <a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a>, to the east, has an average of 1,759 sunlight hours per year,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 117 days with precipitations (> 1 mm) totalling 901.54 millimetres (35.5 in), and 40 days with frosts per year. The more mountainous parts of the provinces of Ourense and Lugo receive significant snowfall during the winter months. The sunniest city is <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a> with 2,223 sunny hours per year. </p><p>Climate data for some locations in Galicia (average 1981–2010):<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Cities</th> <th>July av. T</th> <th>January av. T</th> <th>Rain</th> <th>Days with rain (year/summer)</th> <th>Days with frost</th> <th>Sunlight hours </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a></td> <td>19.0 °C (66.2 °F)</td> <td>10.8 °C (51.4 °F)</td> <td>1,014 mm (39.9 in)</td> <td>130 / 18</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>2,010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a></td> <td>18.2 °C (64.8 °F)</td> <td>6.2 °C (43.2 °F)</td> <td>1,052 mm (41.4 in)</td> <td>126 / 16</td> <td>50</td> <td>1,821 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a></td> <td>22.5 °C (72.5 °F)</td> <td>8.0 °C (46.4 °F)</td> <td>811 mm (31.9 in)</td> <td>97 / 11</td> <td>27</td> <td>2,054 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></td> <td>20.4 °C (68.7 °F)</td> <td>9.6 °C (49.3 °F)</td> <td>1,613 mm (63.5 in)</td> <td>129 / 17</td> <td>2</td> <td>2,247 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></td> <td>18.6 °C (65.5 °F)</td> <td>7.7 °C (45.9 °F)</td> <td>1,787 mm (70.4 in)</td> <td>139 / 19</td> <td>13</td> <td>1,911 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a></td> <td>19.6 °C (67.3 °F)</td> <td>8.6 °C (47.5 °F)</td> <td>1,791 mm (70.5 in)</td> <td>131 / 18</td> <td>4</td> <td>2,169 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Galicia has partial self-governance, in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Devolved_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Devolved government">devolved government</a>, established on 16 March 1978 and reinforced by the <a href="/wiki/Galician_Statute_of_Autonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician Statute of Autonomy">Galician Statute of Autonomy</a>, ratified on 28 April 1981. There are three <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">branches of government</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">executive branch</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Xunta_de_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xunta de Galicia">Xunta de Galicia</a>, consisting of the President and the other independently elected councillors;<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative branch">legislative branch</a> consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Galicia" title="Parliament of Galicia">Galician Parliament</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial branch">judicial branch</a> consisting of the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court of Galicia">High Court of Galicia</a> and lower courts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executive">Executive</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Executive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Xunta_de_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xunta de Galicia">Xunta de Galicia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayuntamiento_de_Santiago_de_Compostela_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ayuntamiento_de_Santiago_de_Compostela_edited.jpg/220px-Ayuntamiento_de_Santiago_de_Compostela_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ayuntamiento_de_Santiago_de_Compostela_edited.jpg/330px-Ayuntamiento_de_Santiago_de_Compostela_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ayuntamiento_de_Santiago_de_Compostela_edited.jpg/440px-Ayuntamiento_de_Santiago_de_Compostela_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="896" /></a><figcaption><i>Pazo de Raxoi</i>, in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, seat of the presidency of the local devolved government</figcaption></figure> <p>The Xunta de Galicia is a collective entity with executive and administrative power. It consists of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Xunta_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Xunta of Galicia">President</a>, a vice president, and twelve councillors. Administrative power is largely delegated to dependent bodies. The Xunta also coordinates the activities of the provincial councils (<a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>: <i lang="gl">deputacións</i>) located in <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a>. </p><p>The President of the Xunta directs and coordinates the actions of the Xunta. The president is simultaneously the representative of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous community">autonomous community</a> and of the Spanish state in Galicia. The president is a member of the parliament and is elected by its deputies and then formally named by the <a href="/wiki/Monarch_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch of Spain">monarch of Spain</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legislative">Legislative</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Legislative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Galicia" title="Parliament of Galicia">Parliament of Galicia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parlamento_galicia-Praza_Publica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Parlamento_galicia-Praza_Publica.jpg/220px-Parlamento_galicia-Praza_Publica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Parlamento_galicia-Praza_Publica.jpg/330px-Parlamento_galicia-Praza_Publica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Parlamento_galicia-Praza_Publica.jpg/440px-Parlamento_galicia-Praza_Publica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Parliament of Galicia</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Galicia" title="Parliament of Galicia">Galician Parliament</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consists of 75 deputies elected by <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal adult suffrage</a> under a system of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>. The franchise includes also Galicians who reside abroad. Elections occur every four years. </p><p>The last elections, held 12 July 2020, resulted in the following distribution of seats:<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Galicia" title="People's Party of Galicia">Partido Popular de Galicia</a> (PPdeG): 42 deputies (47.96% of popular vote)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Nationalist_Bloc" title="Galician Nationalist Bloc">Bloque Nacionalista Galego</a> (BNG): 19 deputies (23.79% of popular vote)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialists%27_Party_of_Galicia" title="Socialists' Party of Galicia">Partido Socialista de Galicia</a> (PSdeG-PSOE): 14 deputies (19.39% of popular vote)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judicial">Judicial</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Judicial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court of Galicia">High Court of Galicia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_governments">Municipal governments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Municipal governments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galicia250k_Parroquial_400dpi_comp9.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Galicia250k_Parroquial_400dpi_comp9.png/220px-Galicia250k_Parroquial_400dpi_comp9.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Galicia250k_Parroquial_400dpi_comp9.png/330px-Galicia250k_Parroquial_400dpi_comp9.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Galicia250k_Parroquial_400dpi_comp9.png/440px-Galicia250k_Parroquial_400dpi_comp9.png 2x" data-file-width="14135" data-file-height="16807" /></a><figcaption>Municipalities and parishes of Galicia</figcaption></figure> <p>There are 314 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities">municipalities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>: <i lang="gl">concellos</i>) in Galicia, each of which is run by a <a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">mayor–council government</a> known as a <span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">concello</i></span>. </p><p>There is a further subdivision of local government known as an <span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">Entidade local menor</i></span>; each has its own council (<span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">xunta veciñal</i></span>) and mayor (<span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">alcalde da aldea</i></span>). There are nine of these in Galicia: Arcos da Condesa, Bembrive, Camposancos, Chenlo, Morgadáns, Pazos de Reis, Queimadelos, <a href="/wiki/Vilasobroso,_Mondariz" title="Vilasobroso, Mondariz">Vilasobroso</a> and Berán. </p><p>Galicia is also traditionally subdivided in some 3,700 civil <a href="/wiki/Parish_(administrative_division)" title="Parish (administrative division)">parishes</a>, each one comprising one or more <i>vilas</i> (towns), <i>aldeas</i> (villages), <i>lugares</i> (hamlets) or <i>barrios</i> (neighbourhoods). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_government">National government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: National government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Galicia's interests are represented at the national level by 25 elected <a href="/wiki/Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputies">deputies</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress of Deputies</a> and 19 senators in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Senate">Senate</a> – of these, 16 are elected and 3 are appointed by the Galician parliament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the <a href="/wiki/1833_territorial_division_of_Spain" title="1833 territorial division of Spain">1833 territorial division of Spain</a>, Galicia was divided into seven administrative <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">provinces</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Coruña (province)">A Coruña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betanzos" title="Betanzos">Betanzos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Mondo%C3%B1edo" title="Province of Mondoñedo">Mondoñedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugo_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugo (province)">Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourense_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ourense (province)">Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tui,_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tui, Galicia">Tui</a></li></ul> <p>From 1833, the seven original provinces of the 15th century were consolidated into four: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Coruña (province)">A Coruña</a>, capital: <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontevedra (province)">Pontevedra</a>, capital: <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourense_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ourense (province)">Ourense</a>; capital: <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugo_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugo (province)">Lugo</a>; capital: <a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Provinces of Galicia (location maps)</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 137.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 135.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_A_Coru%C3%B1a_(Province).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Coruña"><img alt="A Coruña" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Location_A_Coru%C3%B1a_%28Province%29.svg/203px-Location_A_Coru%C3%B1a_%28Province%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="136" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Location_A_Coru%C3%B1a_%28Province%29.svg/304px-Location_A_Coru%C3%B1a_%28Province%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Location_A_Coru%C3%B1a_%28Province%29.svg/406px-Location_A_Coru%C3%B1a_%28Province%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="789" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Coruña</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 137.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 135.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Lugo_(Province).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lugo"><img alt="Lugo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Location_Lugo_%28Province%29.svg/203px-Location_Lugo_%28Province%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="136" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Location_Lugo_%28Province%29.svg/304px-Location_Lugo_%28Province%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Location_Lugo_%28Province%29.svg/406px-Location_Lugo_%28Province%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="789" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lugo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 137.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 135.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Ourense_(Province).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ourense"><img alt="Ourense" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Location_Ourense_%28Province%29.svg/203px-Location_Ourense_%28Province%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="136" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Location_Ourense_%28Province%29.svg/304px-Location_Ourense_%28Province%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Location_Ourense_%28Province%29.svg/406px-Location_Ourense_%28Province%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="789" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ourense</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 137.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 135.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Pontevedra_(Province).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pontevedra"><img alt="Pontevedra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Location_Pontevedra_%28Province%29.svg/203px-Location_Pontevedra_%28Province%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="136" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Location_Pontevedra_%28Province%29.svg/304px-Location_Pontevedra_%28Province%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Location_Pontevedra_%28Province%29.svg/406px-Location_Pontevedra_%28Province%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="789" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pontevedra</div> </li> </ul> <p>Galicia is further divided into 53 <i><a href="/wiki/Comarcas_of_Spain" title="Comarcas of Spain">comarcas</a></i>, 315 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">municipalities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Municipalities_in_A_Coru%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities in A Coruña">93 in A Coruña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_in_Lugo" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities in Lugo">67 in Lugo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_in_Ourense" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities in Ourense">92 in Ourense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_in_Pontevedra" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities in Pontevedra">62 in Pontevedra</a>) and 3,778 <a href="/wiki/Parroquia_(Spain)" title="Parroquia (Spain)">parishes</a>. Municipalities are divided into parishes, which may be further divided into <i>aldeas</i> ("hamlets") or <i>lugares</i> ("places"). This traditional breakdown into such small areas is unusual when compared to the rest of Spain. Roughly half of the named population entities of Spain are in Galicia, which occupies only 5.8 percent of the country's area. It is estimated that Galicia has over a million named places, over 40,000 of them being communities.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Galicia" title="Economy of Galicia">Economy of Galicia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zara_Dundee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Zara_Dundee.jpg/220px-Zara_Dundee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Zara_Dundee.jpg/330px-Zara_Dundee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Zara_Dundee.jpg/440px-Zara_Dundee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Inditex is Galicia's own multinational</figcaption></figure> <p>Textiles, fishing, livestock, forestry, and car manufacturing are the most dynamic sectors of the Galician economy. </p><p>The companies based in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Coru%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Coruña">province of Coruña</a> generate 70% of the entrepreneurial output of Galicia.<sup id="cite_ref-lavozdegalicia.es_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lavozdegalicia.es-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arteixo" title="Arteixo">Arteixo</a>, an industrial municipality in the A Coruña metropolitan area, is the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Inditex" title="Inditex">Inditex</a>, the world's largest fashion retailer. Of their eight brands, <a href="/wiki/Zara_(retailer)" title="Zara (retailer)">Zara</a> is the best-known; indeed, it is the best-known Spanish brand of any sort on an international basis.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, Inditex reported €32.6 billion in sales and net income of €4.1 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company president, <a href="/wiki/Amancio_Ortega" title="Amancio Ortega">Amancio Ortega</a>, is the richest person in Spain<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and indeed Europe<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a net worth of 45 billion euros. </p><p>A major economic sector of Galicia is its fishing Industry; the main ports are <a href="/wiki/Port_of_A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="Port of A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Mar%C3%ADn_and_Ria_de_Pontevedra" title="Port of Marín and Ria de Pontevedra">Marín-Pontevedra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Vigo" title="Port of Vigo">Vigo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Spain" title="Ferrol, Spain">Ferrol</a>. Related to this fact, the <a href="/wiki/European_Fisheries_Control_Agency" title="European Fisheries Control Agency">European Fisheries Control Agency</a>, which coordinates fishing controls in <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> waters, is based in Vigo. </p><p>Galicia is a land of economic contrast. While the western coast, with its major population centers and its fishing and manufacturing industries, is prosperous and increasing in population, the rural hinterland—the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a>—is economically dependent on traditional agriculture, based on small landholdings called <i>minifundios</i>. However, the rise of tourism, sustainable forestry, and organic and traditional agriculture are bringing other possibilities to the Galician economy without compromising the preservation of the natural resources and the local culture. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CITRO%C3%8BN_C-ZERO,_2012,_IFEVI.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/CITRO%C3%8BN_C-ZERO%2C_2012%2C_IFEVI.JPG/220px-CITRO%C3%8BN_C-ZERO%2C_2012%2C_IFEVI.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/CITRO%C3%8BN_C-ZERO%2C_2012%2C_IFEVI.JPG/330px-CITRO%C3%8BN_C-ZERO%2C_2012%2C_IFEVI.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/CITRO%C3%8BN_C-ZERO%2C_2012%2C_IFEVI.JPG/440px-CITRO%C3%8BN_C-ZERO%2C_2012%2C_IFEVI.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Electric cars are made in the <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn" title="Citroën">Citroën</a> factory in <a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally, Galicia depended mainly on agriculture and fishing. Nonetheless, today the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary sector">tertiary sector</a> of the economy (the service sector) is the largest, with 582,000 workers out of a regional total of 1,072,000 (as of 2002). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary sector">secondary sector</a> (manufacturing) includes <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a> in Vigo, <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADn,_Pontevedra" title="Marín, Pontevedra">Marín-Pontevedra</a> and Ferrol, textiles and granite work in A Coruña. A Coruña also manufactures <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a>. The French <i>Centro de Vigo de <a href="/wiki/PSA_Peugeot_Citro%C3%ABn" class="mw-redirect" title="PSA Peugeot Citroën">PSA Peugeot Citroën</a></i>, founded in 1958, makes about 450,000 vehicles annually (455,430 in 2006);<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_C4_Picasso" title="Citroën C4 Picasso">Citroën C4 Picasso</a> made in 2007 was their nine-millionth vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-ProduccioncentroPSA_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProduccioncentroPSA-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other companies with a large number of workers and a significant <a href="/wiki/Asset_turnover" title="Asset turnover">turnover</a> are <b>San José</b>, based in <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a>, belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a> sector, and Gadisa and Vego, based in <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a> and <a href="/wiki/Froiz" title="Froiz">Froiz</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a>, linked to the <a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">retail</a> sector.<sup id="cite_ref-lavozdegalicia.es_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lavozdegalicia.es-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Galicia is home to the <a href="/wiki/Savings_bank_(Spain)" title="Savings bank (Spain)">savings bank</a>, and to Spain's two oldest commercial banks <a href="/wiki/Banco_Etcheverr%C3%ADa" title="Banco Etcheverría">Banco Etcheverría</a> (the oldest) and <a href="/wiki/Banco_Pastor" title="Banco Pastor">Banco Pastor</a>, owned since 2011 by <a href="/wiki/Banco_Popular_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Banco Popular Español">Banco Popular Español</a>. </p><p>Galicia was late to catch the tourism boom that has swept Spain in recent decades, but the coastal regions (especially the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADas_Baixas" title="Rías Baixas">Rías Baixas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>) are now significant tourist destinations and are especially popular with visitors from other regions in Spain, where the majority of tourists come from. In 2007, 5.7 million tourists visited Galicia, an 8% growth over the previous year, and part of a continual pattern of growth in this sector.<sup id="cite_ref-Turismo_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turismo-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 85% of tourists who visit Galicia visit Santiago de Compostela.<sup id="cite_ref-Turismo_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turismo-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourism constitutes 12% of Galician <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> and employs about 12% of the regional workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-Turismo_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turismo-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of the autonomous community was 62.6 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 5.2% of Spanish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 24,900 euros or 82% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 95% of the EU average.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The unemployment rate stood at 15.7% in 2017 and was lower than the national average.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Unemployment Rate</b><br /> </td> <td>8.3% </td> <td>7.6% </td> <td>8.6% </td> <td>12.4% </td> <td>15.3% </td> <td>17.3% </td> <td>20.5% </td> <td>22.0% </td> <td>21.7% </td> <td>19.3% </td> <td>17.2% </td> <td>15.7% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AerLingus-Apr2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/AerLingus-Apr2007.jpg/220px-AerLingus-Apr2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/AerLingus-Apr2007.jpg/330px-AerLingus-Apr2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/AerLingus-Apr2007.jpg/440px-AerLingus-Apr2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus" title="Aer Lingus">Aer Lingus</a> plane in the <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Compostela Airport">Santiago de Compostela Airport</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Galicia's main airport is <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Compostela Airport">Santiago de Compostela Airport</a>. Having been used by 2,083,873 passengers in 2014, it connects the Galician capital with cities in Spain as well as several major European cities. There are two other domestic airports in Galicia: <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_Airport" title="A Coruña Airport">A Coruña Airport</a> – Alvedro and <a href="/wiki/Vigo-Peinador_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigo-Peinador Airport">Vigo-Peinador Airport</a>. </p><p>The most important Galician fishing port is the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Vigo" title="Port of Vigo">Port of Vigo</a>; It is one of the European's leading fishing ports, with an annual catch worth 1,500 million euros.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007 the port took in 732,951 metric tons (721,375 long tons; 807,940 short tons) of fish and seafood, and about 4,000,000 metric tons (3,900,000 long tons; 4,400,000 short tons) of other cargoes. Other important ports are <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Mar%C3%ADn_and_Ria_de_Pontevedra" title="Port of Marín and Ria de Pontevedra">Marín-Pontevedra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrol, Galicia">Ferrol</a> and the smaller port of <a href="/wiki/Vilagarc%C3%ADa_de_Arousa" title="Vilagarcía de Arousa">Vilagarcía de Arousa</a>, as well as important recreational ports in <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_marina" title="Pontevedra marina">Pontevedra</a> capital city and <a href="/wiki/Burela" title="Burela">Burela</a>. Beyond these, Galicia has 120 other organized ports. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1993-Independence_of_the_seas_na_Coru%C3%B1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/1993-Independence_of_the_seas_na_Coru%C3%B1a.jpg/220px-1993-Independence_of_the_seas_na_Coru%C3%B1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/1993-Independence_of_the_seas_na_Coru%C3%B1a.jpg/330px-1993-Independence_of_the_seas_na_Coru%C3%B1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/1993-Independence_of_the_seas_na_Coru%C3%B1a.jpg/440px-1993-Independence_of_the_seas_na_Coru%C3%B1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2936" data-file-height="2236" /></a><figcaption>A cruise ship in the seaport of <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="nowrap">The Galician road network</span> includes <i><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Spain" title="Highways in Spain">autopistas</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa" title="Autovía">autovías</a></i> connecting the major cities, as well as national and secondary roads to the rest of the municipalities. The <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-6" title="Autovía A-6">Autovía A-6</a> connects <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a> to <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, entering Galicia at <a href="/wiki/Pedrafita_do_Cebreiro" title="Pedrafita do Cebreiro">Pedrafita do Cebreiro</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-52" title="Autovía A-52">Autovía A-52</a> connects O Porriño, <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benavente,_Zamora" title="Benavente, Zamora">Benavente</a>, and enters Galicia at <a href="/wiki/A_Gudi%C3%B1a" title="A Gudiña">A Gudiña</a>. Two more autovías are under construction. <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-8" title="Autovía A-8">Autovía A-8</a> enters Galicia on the Cantabrian coast, and ends in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baamonde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baamonde (page does not exist)">Baamonde</a> (Lugo province). <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-76" title="Autovía A-76">Autovía A-76</a> enters Galicia in <a href="/wiki/Valdeorras" title="Valdeorras">Valdeorras</a>; it is an upgrade of the existing <a href="/wiki/N-120" class="mw-redirect" title="N-120">N-120</a> to Ourense. </p><p>Within Galicia are the <a href="/wiki/Autopista_AP-9" title="Autopista AP-9">Autopista AP-9</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Spain" title="Ferrol, Spain">Ferrol</a> to <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Autopista_AP-53" title="Autopista AP-53">Autopista AP-53</a> (also known as AG-53, because it was initially built by the Xunta de Galicia) from <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago</a> to Ourense. Additional roads under construction include <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-54" title="Autovía A-54">Autovía A-54</a> from Santiago de Compostela to Lugo, the <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-57" title="Autovía A-57">Autovía A-57</a> that will pass through <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autov%C3%ADa_A-56&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autovía A-56 (page does not exist)">Autovía A-56</a> from Lugo to Ourense. The Xunta de Galicia has built roads connecting <a href="/wiki/Comarca" title="Comarca">comarcal</a> capitals, such as the before mentioned AG-53, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autov%C3%ADa_AG-55&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autovía AG-55 (page does not exist)">Autovía AG-55</a> connecting A Coruña to <a href="/wiki/Carballo" title="Carballo">Carballo</a> or AG-41 connecting <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sanxenxo" title="Sanxenxo">Sanxenxo</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rail_transport_infrastructure_map_-_ES_-_Galicia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rail_transport_infrastructure_map_-_ES_-_Galicia.svg/220px-Rail_transport_infrastructure_map_-_ES_-_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rail_transport_infrastructure_map_-_ES_-_Galicia.svg/330px-Rail_transport_infrastructure_map_-_ES_-_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rail_transport_infrastructure_map_-_ES_-_Galicia.svg/440px-Rail_transport_infrastructure_map_-_ES_-_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>Rail transport infrastructure map of Galicia.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first railway line in Galicia was inaugurated on 15 September 1873. It ran from <a href="/w/index.php?title=O_Carril,_Vilagarc%C3%ADa_da_Arousa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O Carril, Vilagarcía da Arousa (page does not exist)">O Carril</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vilagarc%C3%ADa_da_Arousa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vilagarcía da Arousa (page does not exist)">Vilagarcía da Arousa</a> to Cornes, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conxo,_Santiago_de_Compostela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conxo, Santiago de Compostela (page does not exist)">Conxo, Santiago de Compostela</a>. A second line was inaugurated in 1875, connecting A Coruña and Lugo. In 1883, Galicia was first connected by rail to the rest of Spain, by way of <a href="/wiki/O_Barco_de_Valdeorras" title="O Barco de Valdeorras">O Barco de Valdeorras</a>. Galicia today has roughly 1,100 kilometres (680 mi) of rail lines. Several <span class="nowrap">1,668 mm</span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="nowrap">5 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">21</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iberian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian gauge">Iberian gauge</a></span> lines operated by <a href="/wiki/Adif" class="mw-redirect" title="Adif">Adif</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renfe_Operadora" class="mw-redirect" title="Renfe Operadora">Renfe Operadora</a> connect all the important Galician cities. A <span class="nowrap">1,000 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">3 ft <span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Metre_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Metre gauge">metre gauge</a></span> line operated by <a href="/wiki/FEVE" class="mw-redirect" title="FEVE">FEVE</a> connects <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Spain" title="Ferrol, Spain">Ferrol</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ribadeo" title="Ribadeo">Ribadeo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a>. An old electrified line is the <a href="/wiki/Ponferrada" title="Ponferrada">Ponferrada</a>-<a href="/wiki/Monforte_de_Lemos" title="Monforte de Lemos">Monforte de Lemos</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a>-<a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a> line. Several <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> lines are under construction. Among these are the <a href="/wiki/Olmedo-Zamora-Galicia_high-speed_rail_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Olmedo-Zamora-Galicia high-speed rail line">Olmedo-Zamora-Galicia high-speed rail line</a> that opened partly in 2011, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=AVE_Atlantic_Axis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AVE Atlantic Axis (page does not exist)">AVE Atlantic Axis</a> route, which will connect all of the major Galician Atlantic coast cities <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a> to Portugal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,980,515</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,063,589</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1920 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,124,244</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1930 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,230,281</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1940 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,495,860</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+11.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,604,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,602,962</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,683,674</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,811,942</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,731,669</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,695,880</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,772,928</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,698,177</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)">INE</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galicia_densidade_parroq.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Galicia_densidade_parroq.PNG/220px-Galicia_densidade_parroq.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Galicia_densidade_parroq.PNG/330px-Galicia_densidade_parroq.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Galicia_densidade_parroq.PNG/440px-Galicia_densidade_parroq.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="1121" /></a><figcaption>Population density</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Galician_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician people">Galician people</a></div> <p>Galicia's inhabitants are known as Galicians (<a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>: <i lang="gl">galegos</i>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">gallegos</i>). For well over a century Galicia has grown more slowly than the rest of Spain, largely due to a poorer economy compared with other regions of Spain and <a href="/wiki/Emigration" title="Emigration">emigration</a> to <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and other parts of Spain. Sometimes, Galicia has lost population in absolute terms. In 1857, Galicia had Spain's <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">densest</a> population and constituted 11.5% of the national population. As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, only 6.1% of the Spanish population resided in the autonomous community. This is due to an exodus of Galician people since the 19th century, first to <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> and later<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> to <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2020)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup> and the development of population centers and industry in other parts of Spain. </p><p>According to the 2006 census, Galicia has a <a href="/wiki/Fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility rate">fertility rate</a> of 1.03 children per woman, compared to 1.38 nationally, and far below the figure of 2.1 that represents a stable populace.<sup id="cite_ref-hijos_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hijos-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lugo and Ourense provinces have the lowest fertility rates in Spain, 0.88 and 0.93, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-hijos_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hijos-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In northern Galicia, the <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_A_Coru%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrol, A Coruña">Ferrol</a> metropolitan area has become increasingly dominant in terms of population. The population of the city of A Coruña in 1900 was 43,971. The population of the rest of the province, including the City and Naval Station of nearby Ferrol and Santiago de Compostela, was 653,556. A Coruña's growth occurred after the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> at the same speed as other major Galician cities, but since the revival of democracy after the death of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>, A Coruña has grown at a faster rate than all the other Galician cities. </p><p>During the mid-20th century, the population rapidly increased in <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, Vigo, and to a lesser degree, other major Galician cities, such as <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a> or <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> as the rural population declined after the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>: many villages and hamlets of the four provinces of Galicia disappeared or nearly disappeared during the same period. <a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">Economic development</a> and mechanization of agriculture resulted in the fields being abandoned, and most of the population moved to find jobs in the main cities. The number of people working in the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary sector of industry">tertiary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quaternary_sector_of_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaternary sector of industry">quaternary sectors</a> of the economy increased significantly. </p><p>Since 1999, the absolute number of births in Galicia has been increasing. In 2006, 21,392 births were registered in Galicia,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 300 more than in 2005, according to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Instituto_Galego_de_Estat%C3%ADstica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instituto Galego de Estatística (page does not exist)">Instituto Galego de Estatística</a>. Since 1981, the Galician <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> has increased by five years, thanks to a higher quality of life.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">Birth rate</a> (2006): 7.9 per 1,000 (all of Spain: 11.0 per 1,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rate">Death rate</a> (2006): 10.8 per 1,000 (all of Spain: 8.4 per 1,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy_at_birth" class="mw-redirect" title="Life expectancy at birth">Life expectancy at birth</a> (2005): 80.4 years (all of Spain: 80.2 years) <ul><li>Male: 76.8 years (all of Spain: 77.0 years)</li> <li>Female: 84.0 years (all of Spain: 83.5 years)</li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> is, by far, the largest religion in Galicia. In 2012, the proportion of <a href="/wiki/Galicians" title="Galicians">Galicians</a> that identify themselves as Roman Catholic was 82.2%.<sup id="cite_ref-lavanguardia.com_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lavanguardia.com-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a Celtic region of Spain, Galicia has a tartan called Galicia National.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urbanization">Urbanization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Urbanization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Galicia" title="List of municipalities in Galicia">List of municipalities in Galicia</a></div> <p>The principal cities are the four capitals <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> – the political capital and archiepiscopal seat – and the industrial cities <a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrol, Galicia">Ferrol</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">The seven Galician main cities</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_de_la_avenida_de_la_Marina_desde_la_parte_de_atr%C3%A1s_de_la_Biblioteca_Provincial_de_A_Coru%C3%B1a.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A Coruña"><img alt="A Coruña" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Vista_de_la_avenida_de_la_Marina_desde_la_parte_de_atr%C3%A1s_de_la_Biblioteca_Provincial_de_A_Coru%C3%B1a.JPG/200px-Vista_de_la_avenida_de_la_Marina_desde_la_parte_de_atr%C3%A1s_de_la_Biblioteca_Provincial_de_A_Coru%C3%B1a.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Vista_de_la_avenida_de_la_Marina_desde_la_parte_de_atr%C3%A1s_de_la_Biblioteca_Provincial_de_A_Coru%C3%B1a.JPG/300px-Vista_de_la_avenida_de_la_Marina_desde_la_parte_de_atr%C3%A1s_de_la_Biblioteca_Provincial_de_A_Coru%C3%B1a.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Vista_de_la_avenida_de_la_Marina_desde_la_parte_de_atr%C3%A1s_de_la_Biblioteca_Provincial_de_A_Coru%C3%B1a.JPG/400px-Vista_de_la_avenida_de_la_Marina_desde_la_parte_de_atr%C3%A1s_de_la_Biblioteca_Provincial_de_A_Coru%C3%B1a.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4739" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Praza_Maior_de_Lugo,_II.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lugo"><img alt="Lugo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Praza_Maior_de_Lugo%2C_II.JPG/200px-Praza_Maior_de_Lugo%2C_II.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Praza_Maior_de_Lugo%2C_II.JPG/300px-Praza_Maior_de_Lugo%2C_II.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Praza_Maior_de_Lugo%2C_II.JPG/400px-Praza_Maior_de_Lugo%2C_II.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="871" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Praza_do_Ferro_(Ourense).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ourense"><img alt="Ourense" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Praza_do_Ferro_%28Ourense%29.jpg/200px-Praza_do_Ferro_%28Ourense%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Praza_do_Ferro_%28Ourense%29.jpg/300px-Praza_do_Ferro_%28Ourense%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Praza_do_Ferro_%28Ourense%29.jpg/400px-Praza_do_Ferro_%28Ourense%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="2305" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pontevedra-Remodelaciones_(14316250282).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pontevedra"><img alt="Pontevedra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pontevedra-Remodelaciones_%2814316250282%29.jpg/200px-Pontevedra-Remodelaciones_%2814316250282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pontevedra-Remodelaciones_%2814316250282%29.jpg/300px-Pontevedra-Remodelaciones_%2814316250282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pontevedra-Remodelaciones_%2814316250282%29.jpg/400px-Pontevedra-Remodelaciones_%2814316250282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3078" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grande_place_devant_la_cath%C3%A9drale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Santiago de Compostela"><img alt="Santiago de Compostela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Grande_place_devant_la_cath%C3%A9drale.jpg/200px-Grande_place_devant_la_cath%C3%A9drale.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Grande_place_devant_la_cath%C3%A9drale.jpg/300px-Grande_place_devant_la_cath%C3%A9drale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Grande_place_devant_la_cath%C3%A9drale.jpg/400px-Grande_place_devant_la_cath%C3%A9drale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="686" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vigo_dende_o_monte_do_castro.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vigo"><img alt="Vigo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vigo_dende_o_monte_do_castro.jpg/200px-Vigo_dende_o_monte_do_castro.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vigo_dende_o_monte_do_castro.jpg/300px-Vigo_dende_o_monte_do_castro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vigo_dende_o_monte_do_castro.jpg/400px-Vigo_dende_o_monte_do_castro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Ferrol_Port.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ferrol"><img alt="Ferrol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/View_of_Ferrol_Port.jpg/200px-View_of_Ferrol_Port.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/View_of_Ferrol_Port.jpg/300px-View_of_Ferrol_Port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/View_of_Ferrol_Port.jpg/400px-View_of_Ferrol_Port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="678" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Spain" title="Ferrol, Spain">Ferrol</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>The largest conurbations are: </p> <ul><li>Pontevedra-Vigo 660,000</li> <li>A Coruña-Ferrol 640,000</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"> <caption>List of municipalities in Galicia by population </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="13"> </th> <th style="text-align:center;"> </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Municipality </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Province </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Population (2021) </th> <th style="text-align:center;"> </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Municipality </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Province </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Population (2021) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>1</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontevedra (province)">Pontevedra</a></td> <td align="center">292,374</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>13</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Carballo" title="Carballo">Carballo</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Coruña (province)">A Coruña</a></td> <td align="center">31,414 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>2</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Coruña (province)">A Coruña</a></td> <td align="center">244,700</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>14</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Culleredo" title="Culleredo">Culleredo</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Coruña (province)">A Coruña</a></td> <td align="center">30,758 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>3</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ourense_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ourense (province)">Ourense</a></td> <td align="center">103,756</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>15</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Redondela" title="Redondela">Redondela</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontevedra (province)">Pontevedra</a></td> <td align="center">29,192 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>4</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Lugo_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugo (province)">Lugo</a></td> <td align="center">97,211</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>16</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ux%C3%ADa_de_Ribeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Uxía de Ribeira">Ribeira</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Coruña (province)">A Coruña</a></td> <td align="center">26,839 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>5</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Coruña (province)">A Coruña</a></td> <td align="center">98,179</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>17</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Cangas_de_Morrazo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cangas de Morrazo">Cangas</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontevedra (province)">Pontevedra</a></td> <td align="center">26,708 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>6</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontevedra (province)">Pontevedra</a></td> <td align="center">82,828</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>18</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Cambre" title="Cambre">Cambre</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Coruña (province)">A Coruña</a></td> <td align="center">24,616 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>7</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrol, Galicia">Ferrol</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Coruña (province)">A Coruña</a></td> <td align="center">64,158</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>19</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADn,_Pontevedra" title="Marín, Pontevedra">Marín</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontevedra (province)">Pontevedra</a></td> <td align="center">24,248 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>8</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Nar%C3%B3n" title="Narón">Narón</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Coruña (province)">A Coruña</a></td> <td align="center">38,913</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>20</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Ponteareas" title="Ponteareas">Ponteareas</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontevedra (province)">Pontevedra</a></td> <td align="center">22,942 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>9</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Vilagarc%C3%ADa_de_Arousa" title="Vilagarcía de Arousa">Vilagarcía de Arousa</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontevedra (province)">Pontevedra</a></td> <td align="center">37,545</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>21</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/A_Estrada" title="A Estrada">A Estrada</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontevedra (province)">Pontevedra</a></td> <td align="center">20,261 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>10</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Oleiros,_Galicia" title="Oleiros, Galicia">Oleiros</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Coruña (province)">A Coruña</a></td> <td align="center">37,271</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>22</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Lal%C3%ADn" title="Lalín">Lalín</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontevedra (province)">Pontevedra</a></td> <td align="center">20,199 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>11</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Arteixo" title="Arteixo">Arteixo</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Coruña (province)">A Coruña</a></td> <td align="center">33,076</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>23</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/O_Porri%C3%B1o" title="O Porriño">O Porriño</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontevedra (province)">Pontevedra</a></td> <td align="center">20,212 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>12</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Ames,_A_Coru%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Ames, A Coruña">Ames</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Coruña (province)">A Coruña</a></td> <td align="center">32,095</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>24</b></td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Moa%C3%B1a" title="Moaña">Moaña</a></b></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontevedra (province)">Pontevedra</a></td> <td align="center">19,496 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migration">Migration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Migration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like many rural areas of Western Europe, Galicia's history has been defined by mass emigration. Significant internal migration took place from Galicia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to the industrialized Spanish cities of <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>. Other Galicians emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> – <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> in particular. </p><p>The two cities with the greatest number of people of Galician descent outside Galicia are <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina, and nearby <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, Uruguay. Immigration from Galicia was so significant in these areas that Argentines and Uruguayans now commonly refer to all Spaniards as <i>gallegos</i> (Galicians).<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Spain_under_Francisco_Franco" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain under Francisco Franco">Franco</a> years, there was a new wave of emigration out of Galicia to other European countries, most notably to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. Many of these immigrant or expatriate communities have their groups or clubs, which they formed in the first decades of settling in a new place. The <a href="/wiki/Galician_diaspora" title="Galician diaspora">Galician diaspora</a> is so widespread that websites such as <a href="/wiki/Fillos_de_Galicia" title="Fillos de Galicia">Fillos de Galicia</a> have been created in the 21st century to organize and form a network of ethnic Galicians throughout the world. </p><p>After this, a third wave was a Spanish internal emigration to heavier industrialised areas of Spain, like the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a> or <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>. </p><p>The proportion of foreign-born people in Galicia is only 2.9 percent compared to the national figure of 10 percent; among the autonomous communities, only <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a> has a lower percentage of immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the foreign nationals resident in Galicia, 17.93 percent are the ethnically related <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a>, 10.93 percent are <a href="/wiki/Colombian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian people">Colombian</a> and 8.74 percent <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian people">Brazilian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DossierGalicia_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DossierGalicia-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician language</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ForoBoBurgo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/ForoBoBurgo.jpg/170px-ForoBoBurgo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/ForoBoBurgo.jpg/255px-ForoBoBurgo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/ForoBoBurgo.jpg/340px-ForoBoBurgo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2611" /></a><figcaption>One of the oldest legal documents written in Galician, the <i>Foro do bo burgo do Castro Caldelas</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Galicia has two official languages: Galician (Galician: <i>galego</i>) and Spanish (also known in Spain as <i>Castellano</i>, i.e. <i>"Castilian"</i>), both of them <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a>. The former (Galician) originated regionally; the latter (Castilian) was associated with <a href="/wiki/County_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Castile">Castile</a>. Galician is recognized in the Statute of Autonomy of Galicia as the <i>lingua propia</i> ("own language") of Galicia. </p><p>Galician and Portuguese share a common medieval phase known as <a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The independence of Portugal since the late Middle Ages has favored the divergence of the Galician and Portuguese languages as they developed.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though considered to be independent languages in Galicia, the shared history between Galician and Portuguese has been widely acknowledged; in 2014, the Galician parliament approved Law 1/2014 on the promotion of Portuguese and links with the <a href="/wiki/Lusophony" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophony">Lusophony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official Galician language has been standardized by the <span title="Galician-language text"><span lang="gl" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Galega" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia Galega">Real Academia Galega</a></span></span> based on literary tradition. Although there are local dialects, Galician media conform to this standard form, which is also used in primary, secondary, and university education. There are more than three million Galician speakers in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Galician ranks in the lower orders of the 150 most widely spoken languages on earth.<sup id="cite_ref-DossierGalicia_47-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DossierGalicia-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For more than four centuries of Castilian domination, Spanish was the only official language in Galicia. Galician faded from day-to-day use in urban areas. Since the re-establishment of democracy in Spain—in particular since the passage and implementation of the <i>Lei de Normalización Lingüística</i> ("Law of Linguistic Normalization", Ley 3/1983, 15 June 1983)—the first generation of students in mass education has attended schools conducted in Galician. (Spanish is also taught.) </p><p>Since the late 20th century and the establishment of Galicia's autonomy, the Galician language is resurgent. In the cities, it is generally used as a second language for most. According to a 2001 census, 99.16 percent of the population of Galicia understood the language, 91.04 percent spoke it, 68.65 percent could read it and 57.64 percent could write it.<sup id="cite_ref-lang-census_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-census-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first two numbers (understanding and speaking) were roughly the same as responses a decade earlier. But there were great gains in the percentage of the population who could read and write Galician: a decade earlier, only 49.3 percent of the population could read Galician, and 34.85 percent could write it. During the <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a> era, the teaching of Galician was prohibited. Today older people may speak the language but have no written competence because of those years.<sup id="cite_ref-lang-census_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-census-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the <a href="/wiki/Regional_language" title="Regional language">regional languages</a> of Spain, Galician has the highest percentage of speakers in its population. However, the acts of Popular Party in the Autonomous Community in the last decade, forbide the possibility of teaching in Galician at schools such a vehicular language and use it in the learning of some subjects, increasingly the monolinguism and the language substitution of Galician. </p><p>The earliest known document in Galician-Portuguese dates from 1228. The <i>Foro do bo burgo do Castro Caldelas</i> was granted by <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX of León</a> to the town of Burgo, in <a href="/wiki/Castro_Caldelas" title="Castro Caldelas">Castro Caldelas</a>, after the model of the constitutions of the town of <a href="/wiki/Allariz" title="Allariz">Allariz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A distinct <a href="/wiki/Galician_literature" title="Galician literature">Galician literature</a> emerged during the Middle Ages: In the 13th century important contributions were made to the Romance canon in Galician-Portuguese, the most notable those by the <a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">troubadour</a> <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Codax" class="mw-redirect" title="Martín Codax">Martín Codax</a>, the priest <a href="/wiki/Airas_Nunes" title="Airas Nunes">Airas Nunes</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Dinis_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinis of Portugal">Denis of Portugal</a>, and King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X of Castile</a>, <i>Alfonso O Sabio</i> ("Alfonso the Wise"), the same monarch who began the process of standardization of the Spanish language. During this period, Galician-Portuguese was considered the language of love poetry in the Iberian <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a> linguistic culture. The names and memories of Codax and other popular cultural figures are well preserved in modern Galicia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SantiagoCatedral!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SantiagoCatedral%21.jpg/170px-SantiagoCatedral%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SantiagoCatedral%21.jpg/255px-SantiagoCatedral%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SantiagoCatedral%21.jpg/340px-SantiagoCatedral%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela_Cathedral" title="Santiago de Compostela Cathedral">Santiago de Compostela Cathedral</a>, seat of the Archbishop of Santiago of Compostela, and third most important centre of pilgrimage in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1444.5585503933px; border-left-color:Black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Black"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 562.53406853567px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 389.47428549299px; border-left-color:WhiteSmoke"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:WhiteSmoke"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:WhiteSmoke"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 12.632937844611px; border-left-color:#d4213d"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#d4213d"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#d4213d"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Galicia (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-CIS2019Extremadura_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIS2019Extremadura-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d4213d; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Spain" title="Catholic Church in Spain">Catholicism</a> (77.%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:WhiteSmoke; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Irreligion (19.%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orange; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Other denominations and religions (1.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Black; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Unanswered (1.7%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is the most widely practised religion in Galicia. It was introduced in <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a> and was practiced alongside the native Celtic religion for a few centuries which, incidentally, was re-established as an officially recognised religion in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, today about 77.7% of Galicians identify as Catholic.<sup id="cite_ref-CIS2019Extremadura_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIS2019Extremadura-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Christians adhere to Catholicism, though only 32.1% of the population described themselves as active members. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> in Galicia has had its primatial see in Santiago de Compostela since the 12th century. In fact, since the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the Galician Catholic Church has been organized into five dioceses: the Metropolitan see <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Santiago_de_Compostela" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, and four suffragan dioceses: <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lugo" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Lugo">Lugo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Ourense" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Ourense">Ourense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Mondo%C3%B1edo-Ferrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol">Mondoñedo-Ferrol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Tui-Vigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Tui-Vigo">Tui-Vigo</a>. While in the 15th-century diocesan boundaries may have coincided with those of the civil province, this is no longer the case. The five dioceses of Galicia are subdivided into a total of 163 districts and 3,792 parishes. In a minority of cases, the parish priest is represented by an administrator. </p><p>The patron saint of Galicia is <a href="/wiki/Saint_James_the_Greater" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint James the Greater">Saint James the Greater</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholic</a> tradition, his body was discovered in 814 near Compostela. After that date, the relics of Saint James attracted an extraordinary number of pilgrims. Since the 9th century these relics have been kept in the heart of the church – the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela_Cathedral" title="Santiago de Compostela Cathedral">cathedral</a> – dedicated to him. There are many other Galician and associated saints; some of the best-known are: <a href="/wiki/Ansurius" title="Ansurius">Saint Ansurius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudesind" title="Rudesind">Saint Rudesind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marina_of_Aguas_Santas" title="Marina of Aguas Santas">Saint Mariña of Augas Santas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senorina" class="mw-redirect" title="Senorina">Saint Senorina</a>, Trahamunda and Froilan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Galicia's education system is administered by the regional government's Ministry of Education and University Administration. 76% of Galician teenagers achieve a <a href="/wiki/High_school_diploma" title="High school diploma">high school degree</a> – ranked fifth out of the 17 autonomous communities. </p><p>There are three <a href="/wiki/Public_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Public universities">public universities</a> in Galicia: <a href="/wiki/University_of_A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="University of A Coruña">University of A Coruña</a> with campuses in <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrol, Galicia">Ferrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santiago_de_Compostela" title="University of Santiago de Compostela">University of Santiago de Compostela</a> with campuses in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vigo" title="University of Vigo">University of Vigo</a> with campuses in <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_Campus" title="Pontevedra Campus">Pontevedra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care">Health care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Health care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Servizo_Galego_de_Sa%C3%BAde" class="mw-redirect" title="Servizo Galego de Saúde">Servizo Galego de Saúde</a></div> <p>Galicia's <a href="/wiki/Publicly_funded_health_care" title="Publicly funded health care">public healthcare</a> system is the <span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">Servizo Galego de Saúde</i></span> (SERGAS). It is administered by the regional government's Ministry of Health. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Galician_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician culture">Galician culture</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture_and_Art">Architecture and Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Architecture and Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_Ourense_(Spain).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Cathedral_of_Ourense_%28Spain%29.jpg/220px-Cathedral_of_Ourense_%28Spain%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Cathedral_of_Ourense_%28Spain%29.jpg/330px-Cathedral_of_Ourense_%28Spain%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Cathedral_of_Ourense_%28Spain%29.jpg/440px-Cathedral_of_Ourense_%28Spain%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3039" data-file-height="2014" /></a><figcaption>Romanesque façade in the Cathedral of <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a> (1160); founded in the 6th century, its construction is attributed to King <a href="/wiki/Chararic_(Suebian_king)" title="Chararic (Suebian king)">Chararic</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hundreds of ancient standing stone monuments like <a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">dolmens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">menhirs</a>, and megalithic <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumuli</a> were erected during the prehistoric period in Galicia. Amongst the best-known are the dolmens of Dombate, Corveira, Axeitos of Pedra da Arca, and menhirs like the Lapa de Gargantáns. From the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, Galicia has a rich heritage based mainly on a great number of <a href="/wiki/Hill_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill fort">hill forts</a>, few of them excavated like Baroña, Sta. Tegra, San Cibrao de Lás and Formigueiros among others. With the introduction of Ancient Roman architecture, there was a development of basilicas, <a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">castra</a>, city walls, cities, villas, Roman temples, Roman roads, and the Roman bridge of <a href="/wiki/Ponte_Vella" title="Ponte Vella">Ponte Vella</a>. It was the Romans who founded some of the first cities in Galicia like <a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a>. Perhaps the best-known examples are the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Walls_of_Lugo" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Walls of Lugo">Roman Walls of Lugo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Hercules" title="Tower of Hercules">Tower of Hercules</a> in <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_a%C3%A9rea_del_castillo_de_Pambre_6.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vista_a%C3%A9rea_del_castillo_de_Pambre_6.JPG/220px-Vista_a%C3%A9rea_del_castillo_de_Pambre_6.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vista_a%C3%A9rea_del_castillo_de_Pambre_6.JPG/330px-Vista_a%C3%A9rea_del_castillo_de_Pambre_6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vista_a%C3%A9rea_del_castillo_de_Pambre_6.JPG/440px-Vista_a%C3%A9rea_del_castillo_de_Pambre_6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The castle of Pambre, <a href="/wiki/Palas_de_Rei" title="Palas de Rei">Palas de Rei</a>, which resisted the <i>Irmandiños</i> troops</figcaption></figure> <p>During the Middle Ages, many fortified castles were built by Galician feudal nobles to mark their powers against their rivals. Although most of them were demolished during the <a href="/wiki/Irmandi%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Irmandiño">Irmandiño Wars</a> (1466–1469), some Galician castles that survived are Pambre, Castro Caldelas, <a href="/wiki/Sobroso_Castle" title="Sobroso Castle">Sobroso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Soutomaior" title="Castle of Soutomaior">Soutomaior</a> and Monterrei. The ecclesiastical architecture was raised early in Galicia, and the first churches and monasteries as San Pedro de Rocas began to be built in the 5th and 6th centuries. However, the most famous medieval architecture in Galicia had been using Romanesque architecture like most of Western Europe. Some of the greatest examples of Romanesque churches in Galicia are the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Santiago_de_Compostela" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela">Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ourense_Cathedral" title="Ourense Cathedral">Ourense Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_John_of_Caaveiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John of Caaveiro">Saint John of Caaveiro</a>, Our Lady Mary of <a href="/wiki/Cambre" title="Cambre">Cambre</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_San_Xo%C3%A1n,_Portomar%C3%ADn" title="Church of San Xoán, Portomarín">Church of San Xoán of Portomarín</a> among others. In the art of Galicia, the <a href="/wiki/Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone">stone</a> has a strong imprint, especially the <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>, which served as a support from the prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Petroglyphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroglyphs">petroglyphs</a> figures to the development of medieval art in the Galician Romanesque sculptures from <a href="/wiki/Portico_of_Glory" title="Portico of Glory">Portico of Glory</a> by <a href="/wiki/Master_Mateo" title="Master Mateo">Master Mateo</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela_Cathedral" title="Santiago de Compostela Cathedral">Santiago de Compostela Cathedral</a>. Medieval splendor was followed, as in literature, by a few centuries of darkness (the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9culos_escuros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Séculos escuros (page does not exist)">Séculos escuros</a></i>) until the arrival of the Compostela Baroque. In painting, the romanticism and impressionist-influenced landscapes of the 20th century were materialized by a generation of artists who died young, so they were called the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Xeraci%C3%B3n_Doente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xeración Doente (page does not exist)">Xeración Doente</a>" (Sick Generation). In the 20th century, the renovation came in the 20s by <i><a href="/wiki/Os_renovadores" title="Os renovadores">Os renovadores</a></i>, and by the <i><a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%A1ntica" title="Atlántica">Atlántica</a></i> group after the dictatorship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Galician_cuisine" title="Galician cuisine">Galician cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polbo_e_empanada,_Galiza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Polbo_e_empanada%2C_Galiza.jpg/170px-Polbo_e_empanada%2C_Galiza.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Polbo_e_empanada%2C_Galiza.jpg/255px-Polbo_e_empanada%2C_Galiza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Polbo_e_empanada%2C_Galiza.jpg/340px-Polbo_e_empanada%2C_Galiza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Polbo_%C3%A1_feira" title="Polbo á feira">Polbo á feira</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Galician cuisine often uses fish and shellfish. The <i><a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">empanada</a></i> is a meat or fish pie, with a bread-like base, top, and crust with the meat or fish filling usually being in a tomato sauce including onions and garlic. <i><a href="/wiki/Caldo_galego" title="Caldo galego">Caldo galego</a></i> is a hearty soup whose main ingredients are potatoes and a local vegetable named <a href="/wiki/Rapini" title="Rapini">grelo (broccoli rabe)</a>. The latter is also employed in <i>lacón con grelos</i>, a typical carnival dish, consisting of pork shoulder boiled with <i>grelos</i>, potatoes, and <a href="/wiki/Chorizo" title="Chorizo">chorizo</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Centolla" class="mw-redirect" title="Centolla">Centolla</a></i> is the equivalent of <a href="/wiki/King_crab" title="King crab">king crab</a>. It is prepared by being boiled alive, having its main body opened like a shell, and then having its innards mixed vigorously. Another popular dish is <a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">octopus</a>, boiled (traditionally in a copper pot) and served on a wooden plate, cut into small pieces, and laced with olive oil, sea salt, and <i><a href="/wiki/Piment%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Pimentón">pimentón</a></i> (Spanish paprika). This dish is called <i>pulpo a la gallega</i> or in Galician <i>polbo á feira</i>, which roughly translates as 'fair-style octopus', most commonly translated as 'Galician-style octopus'. There are several regional varieties of cheese. The best-known one is the so-called <i><a href="/wiki/Tetilla_cheese" title="Tetilla cheese">tetilla</a></i>, named after its breast-like shape. Other highly regarded varieties include the San Simón cheese from <a href="/wiki/Vilalba" title="Vilalba">Vilalba</a> and the creamy cheese produced in the <a href="/wiki/Arz%C3%BAa" title="Arzúa">Arzúa</a>-Ulloa area. A classical is <i>filloas</i>, crêpe-like pancakes made with flour, broth or milk, and eggs. When cooked at a <a href="/wiki/Pig_slaughter" title="Pig slaughter">pig slaughter</a> festival, they may also contain the animal's blood. A famous almond cake called <i><a href="/wiki/Tarta_de_Santiago" title="Tarta de Santiago">Tarta de Santiago</a></i> (St. James' cake) is a Galician sweet specialty mainly produced in Santiago de Compostela and all around Galicia. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vi%C3%B1os_galegos_Albari%C3%B1o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Vi%C3%B1os_galegos_Albari%C3%B1o.jpg/220px-Vi%C3%B1os_galegos_Albari%C3%B1o.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Vi%C3%B1os_galegos_Albari%C3%B1o.jpg/330px-Vi%C3%B1os_galegos_Albari%C3%B1o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Vi%C3%B1os_galegos_Albari%C3%B1o.jpg/440px-Vi%C3%B1os_galegos_Albari%C3%B1o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2107" data-file-height="1048" /></a><figcaption>Galician wines</figcaption></figure> <p>Galicia has 30 products with <i><a href="/wiki/Denominaci%C3%B3n_de_origen" title="Denominación de origen">Denominación de orixe</a></i> (D.O.), some of them with <i>Denominación de Orixe Protexida</i> (D.O.P.).<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D.O. and D.O.P. are part of a system of regulation of quality and geographical origin among Spain's finest producers. Galicia produces a number of high-quality <a href="/wiki/Galician_wine" title="Galician wine">Galician wines</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Albari%C3%B1o" title="Albariño">Albariño</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ribeiro_(DO)" title="Ribeiro (DO)">Ribeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Sacra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribeira Sacra">Ribeira Sacra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monterrei" title="Monterrei">Monterrei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valdeorras" title="Valdeorras">Valdeorras</a>. The grape varieties used are local and rarely found outside Galicia and Northern Portugal. Just as notably from Galicia comes the spirit <i><a href="/wiki/Augardente" class="mw-redirect" title="Augardente">Augardente</a></i>—the name means burning water—often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Orujo" title="Orujo">Orujo</a> in Spain and internationally or as <a href="/wiki/Orujo" title="Orujo">caña</a> in Galicia. This spirit is made from the distillation of the <a href="/wiki/Pomace" title="Pomace">pomace</a> of grapes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Galician_traditional_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician traditional music">Galician traditional music</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Folk_and_traditionally_based_music">Folk and traditionally based music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Folk and traditionally based music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galician_pipers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Galician_pipers.jpg/220px-Galician_pipers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Galician_pipers.jpg/330px-Galician_pipers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Galician_pipers.jpg/440px-Galician_pipers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Galician pipers</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FIL_2012_-_Arriv%C3%A9e_de_la_grande_parade_des_nations_celtes_-_Grupo_de_baile_as_beiras_do_Ulla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/FIL_2012_-_Arriv%C3%A9e_de_la_grande_parade_des_nations_celtes_-_Grupo_de_baile_as_beiras_do_Ulla.jpg/220px-FIL_2012_-_Arriv%C3%A9e_de_la_grande_parade_des_nations_celtes_-_Grupo_de_baile_as_beiras_do_Ulla.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/FIL_2012_-_Arriv%C3%A9e_de_la_grande_parade_des_nations_celtes_-_Grupo_de_baile_as_beiras_do_Ulla.jpg/330px-FIL_2012_-_Arriv%C3%A9e_de_la_grande_parade_des_nations_celtes_-_Grupo_de_baile_as_beiras_do_Ulla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/FIL_2012_-_Arriv%C3%A9e_de_la_grande_parade_des_nations_celtes_-_Grupo_de_baile_as_beiras_do_Ulla.jpg/440px-FIL_2012_-_Arriv%C3%A9e_de_la_grande_parade_des_nations_celtes_-_Grupo_de_baile_as_beiras_do_Ulla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="4355" /></a><figcaption>Galician representation at the <a href="/wiki/Lorient_Interceltic_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorient Interceltic Festival">Lorient Interceltic Festival</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The traditional music of Galicia and <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a> features highly distinctive folk styles that have some similarities with the neighboring area of <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a>. The music is characterized by the use of <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipes</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luar_na_Lubre" title="Luar na Lubre">Luar na Lubre</a>: a band inspired by traditional Galician music. They have collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Mike_Oldfield" title="Mike Oldfield">Mike Oldfield</a> and other musicians.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Carlos Núñez Muñoz">Carlos Núñez</a>: he has also collaborated with a great number of artists, being notable for his long-term friendship with <a href="/wiki/The_Chieftains" title="The Chieftains">The Chieftains</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susana_Seivane" title="Susana Seivane">Susana Seivane</a>: virtuoso piper. She descends from a family of pipe makers and stated she preferred pipes instead of dolls during her childhood.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milladoiro" title="Milladoiro">Milladoiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristina_Pato" title="Cristina Pato">Cristina Pato</a>: bagpiper and member of Yo-Yo Ma's <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_Ensemble" class="mw-redirect" title="Silk Road Ensemble">Silk Road Ensemble</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanxugueiras" title="Tanxugueiras">Tanxugueiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berrog%C3%BCetto" title="Berrogüetto">Berrogüetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangre_de_Muerdago" title="Sangre de Muerdago">Sangre de Muerdago</a>: forest folk band led by Pablo C. Ursusson, member of the legendary Galician neo <a href="/wiki/Crust_punk" title="Crust punk">crust</a> band <a href="/wiki/Ekkaia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekkaia">Ekkaia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pop_and_rock">Pop and rock</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Pop and rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Andrés Suárez">Andrés Suárez</a>: singer-songwriter from <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrol, Galicia">Ferrol</a>, known for his poetic, insightful and often romantic lyrics.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Suaves" title="Los Suaves">Los Suaves</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a>/<a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> band active since the early 1980s, from <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deluxe_(music_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deluxe (music group)">Deluxe</a>: pop/rock band from <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a> led by Xoel López</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siniestro_Total" title="Siniestro Total">Siniestro Total</a>: <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Os_Resentidos" title="Os Resentidos">Os Resentidos</a>: led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B3n_Reixa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antón Reixa (page does not exist)">Antón Reixa</a> in the 1980s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heredeiros_da_Crus" title="Heredeiros da Crus">Heredeiros da Crus</a>: rock band singing in Galician language</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Ferreiro" title="Iván Ferreiro">Iván Ferreiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xoel_Lopez" class="mw-redirect" title="Xoel Lopez">Xoel Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bala_(band)" title="Bala (band)">Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri%C3%A1ngulo_de_Amor_Bizarro" title="Triángulo de Amor Bizarro">Triángulo de Amor Bizarro</a></li> <li>Arrythmia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broa" title="Broa">Broa</a></li> <li>Chicharrón</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superoito" title="Superoito">Superoito</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hip-hop">Hip-hop</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Hip-hop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dios_Ke_Te_Crew" title="Dios Ke Te Crew">Dios Ke Te Crew</a>: a powerful band of hip-hop with socially compromised lyrics.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezetaerre" title="Ezetaerre">Ezetaerre</a></li> <li>Malandrómeda</li> <li>Rebeliom do Inframundo</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature,_poetry_and_philosophy"><span id="Literature.2C_poetry_and_philosophy"></span>Literature, poetry and philosophy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Literature, poetry and philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Galician_Language#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician Language">Galician Language § History</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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.listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Maria.ogg" title="File:Santa Maria.ogg">"Santa Maria, strela do dia"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="151" data-mwtitle="Santa_Maria.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/Santa_Maria.ogg/Santa_Maria.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Santa_Maria.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">13th c. <a href="/wiki/Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria" title="Cantigas de Santa Maria">Cantigas de Santa Maria</a> (#100)</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>As with many other <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a> emerged as a literary language in the Middle Ages, during the 12th and 13th centuries, when a <a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese_lyric" title="Galician-Portuguese lyric">rich lyric tradition developed</a>, followed by a minor prose tradition, whilst being the predominant language used for legal and private texts till the 15th century. However, in the face of the hegemony of Spanish, during the so-called <i>Séculos Escuros</i> ("Dark Centuries") from 1530 to the late 18th century, it fell from major literary or legal written use. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosal%C3%ADa_Castro_de_Murgu%C3%ADa_por_Luis_Sellier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Rosal%C3%ADa_Castro_de_Murgu%C3%ADa_por_Luis_Sellier.jpg/170px-Rosal%C3%ADa_Castro_de_Murgu%C3%ADa_por_Luis_Sellier.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Rosal%C3%ADa_Castro_de_Murgu%C3%ADa_por_Luis_Sellier.jpg/255px-Rosal%C3%ADa_Castro_de_Murgu%C3%ADa_por_Luis_Sellier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Rosal%C3%ADa_Castro_de_Murgu%C3%ADa_por_Luis_Sellier.jpg/340px-Rosal%C3%ADa_Castro_de_Murgu%C3%ADa_por_Luis_Sellier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rosal%C3%ADa_de_Castro" title="Rosalía de Castro">Rosalía de Castro</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>As a literary language it was revived again during the 18th and, most notably, the 19th-century (<i><a href="/wiki/Rexurdimento" title="Rexurdimento">Rexurdimento</a></i> <i>Resurgence</i>) with such writers as <a href="/wiki/Rosal%C3%ADa_de_Castro" title="Rosalía de Castro">Rosalía de Castro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Murgu%C3%ADa" title="Manuel Murguía">Manuel Murguía</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Leiras_Pulpeiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Leiras Pulpeiro (page does not exist)">Manuel Leiras Pulpeiro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Pondal" title="Eduardo Pondal">Eduardo Pondal</a>. In the 20th century, before the Spanish Civil War the <i><a href="/wiki/Irmandades_da_Fala" title="Irmandades da Fala">Irmandades da Fala</a></i> ("Brotherhood of the Language") and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%B3s_(Galicia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nós (Galicia) (page does not exist)">Grupo Nós</a></i> included such writers as <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Risco" title="Vicente Risco">Vicente Risco</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Cabanillas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramón Cabanillas (page does not exist)">Ramón Cabanillas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castelao" class="mw-redirect" title="Castelao">Castelao</a>. Public use of Galician was largely suppressed during the Franco dictatorship but has been resurgent since the restoration of democracy. Though written primarily in Castilian, several works by the Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela</a>, notably <i><a href="/wiki/Mazurka_for_Two_Dead_Men" title="Mazurka for Two Dead Men">Mazurka for Two Dead Men</a></i>, are set in the author's native Galicia and make frequent allusions to Galician folklore, customs, and language. Other notable Galician authors who wrote mostly in Spanish, but always around Galician subjects, are <a href="/wiki/Valle-Incl%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Valle-Inclán">Valle-Inclán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wenceslao_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Fl%C3%B3rez" title="Wenceslao Fernández Flórez">Wenceslao Fernández Flórez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emilia_Pardo_Baz%C3%A1n" title="Emilia Pardo Bazán">Emilia Pardo Bazán</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Torrente_Ballester" title="Gonzalo Torrente Ballester">Gonzalo Torrente Ballester</a>. Contemporary writers in Galician include <a href="/wiki/Xos%C3%A9_Lu%C3%ADs_M%C3%A9ndez_Ferr%C3%ADn" title="Xosé Luís Méndez Ferrín">Xosé Luís Méndez Ferrín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rivas" title="Manuel Rivas">Manuel Rivas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chus_Pato" title="Chus Pato">Chus Pato</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suso_de_Toro" title="Suso de Toro">Suso de Toro</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_holidays">Public holidays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Public holidays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">Día de San Xosé</i></span> (St. Joseph's Day) on 19 March (strictly religious)</li> <li><span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">Día do Traballo</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Day</a>) on 1 May</li> <li><span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADa_das_Letras_Galegas" class="mw-redirect" title="Día das Letras Galegas">Día das Letras Galegas</a></i></span> (Galician Literature Day) on 17 May</li> <li><span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADa_da_Patria_Galega" class="mw-redirect" title="Día da Patria Galega">Día da Patria Galega</a></i></span> (Galicia's National Day) also known as the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saint_James" title="Feast of Saint James">Feast of Saint James</a> on 25 July</li> <li><span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">Día da Nosa Señora (Day of Our Lady)</i></span> on 15 August (strictly religious)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Festivals">Festivals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peliqueiros_de_Laza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Peliqueiros_de_Laza.jpg/170px-Peliqueiros_de_Laza.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Peliqueiros_de_Laza.jpg/255px-Peliqueiros_de_Laza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Peliqueiros_de_Laza.jpg/340px-Peliqueiros_de_Laza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2618" /></a><figcaption><i>Entroido</i>: <i>Peliqueiros</i> in <a href="/wiki/Laza,_Spain" title="Laza, Spain">Laza</a>, allegedly dressed as 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Castile_(historical_region)" title="Castile (historical region)">Castilian</a> tax collectors</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>Entroido</i>, or <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a>, is a traditional celebration in Galicia, historically disliked and even forbidden by the Catholic Church. Famous celebrations are held in <a href="/wiki/Laza,_Spain" title="Laza, Spain">Laza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ver%C3%ADn" title="Verín">Verín</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xinzo_de_Limia" title="Xinzo de Limia">Xinzo de Limia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_(feast)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpus Christi (feast)">Festa do Corpus Christi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ponteareas" title="Ponteareas">Ponteareas</a>, has been observed since 1857 on the weekend following <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_(feast)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpus Christi (feast)">Corpus Christi</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Movable_feast" class="mw-redirect" title="Movable feast">movable feast</a>) and is known for its floral carpets. It was declared a Festival of Tourist Interest in 1968 and a Festival of National Tourist Interest in 1980.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_Feira_Franca" title="Pontevedra Feira Franca">Feira Franca</a>, the first weekend of September, in <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a> recreates an open market that first occurred in 1467. The fair commemorates the height of Pontevedra's prosperity in the 15th and 16th centuries, through historical recreation, theater, animation, and demonstration of artistic activities. Held annually since 2000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arde_Lucus" title="Arde Lucus">Arde Lucus</a>, in June, celebrates the Celtic and Roman history of the city of Lugo, with recreations of Celtic weddings, Roman circus, etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonfires_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonfires of Saint John">Bonfires of Saint John</a>, <i>Noite de San Xoán</i> or <i>Noite da Queima</i> is widely spread in all Galician territory, celebrated as a welcome to the <a href="/wiki/Summer_solstice" title="Summer solstice">summer solstice</a> since the Celtic period, and Christianized in <a href="/wiki/Midsummer" title="Midsummer">Saint John's day</a> eve. Bonfires are believed to make <i>meigas</i> (malicious or fallen witches), flee. They are particularly relevant in the city of <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">Corunna</a>, where it became <a href="/wiki/Fiestas_of_National_Tourist_Interest_of_Spain" title="Fiestas of National Tourist Interest of Spain">Fiesta of National Tourist Interest of Spain</a>. The whole city participates in making great bonfires in each district, whereas the centre of the party is located on the beaches of Riazor and Orzan, in the very city heart, where hundreds of bonfires of different sizes are lighted. Also, grilled sardines are very typical.</li> <li>Rapa das Bestas ("shearing of the beasts") in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabucedo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabucedo (page does not exist)">Sabucedo</a>, the first weekend in July, is the most famous of several <i>rapas</i> in Galicia and was declared a Festival of National Tourist Interest in 1963. Wild colts are driven down from the mountains and brought to a closed area known as a <i>curro</i>, where their manes are cut and the animals are marked and assisted after a long winter in the hills. In Sabucedo, unlike in other <i>rapas</i>, the <i>aloitadores</i> ("fighters") each take on their task with no assistance.</li> <li>Festival de Ortigueira (<a href="/wiki/Ortigueira%27s_Festival_of_Celtic_World" title="Ortigueira's Festival of Celtic World">Ortigueira's Festival of Celtic World</a>) lasts four days in July, in <a href="/wiki/Ortigueira" title="Ortigueira">Ortigueira</a>. First celebrated in 1978–1987 and revived in 1995, the festival is based on <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celtic</a> culture, folk music, and the encounter of different peoples throughout Spain and the world. Attended by over 100,000 people, it is considered a Festival of National Tourist Interest.</li> <li>Festa da Dorna, 24 July, in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ux%C3%ADa_de_Ribeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Uxía de Ribeira">Ribeira</a>. Founded in 1948, declared a Galician Festival of Tourist Interest in 2005. Founded as a joke by a group of friends, it includes the Gran Prix de Carrilanas, a regatta of hand-made boats; the <a href="/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus">Icarus</a> Prize for Unmotorized Flight; and a musical competition, the Canción de Tasca.</li> <li>Festas do Apóstolo Santiago (Festas of the Apostle James): the events in honor of the patron saint of Galicia last for half a month. The religious celebrations take place on 24 July. Celebrants set off <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">fireworks</a>, including a pyrotechnic castle in the form of the façade of the cathedral.</li> <li>Romería Vikinga de Catoira ("<a href="/wiki/Viking_Festival_of_Catoira" title="Viking Festival of Catoira">Viking Festival of Catoira</a>"), the first Sunday in August, is a secular festival that has occurred since 1960 and was declared a Festival of International Tourist Interest in 2002. It commemorates the historic defense of Galicia and the treasures of Santiago de Compostela from <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saracen" title="Saracen">Saracen</a> pirate attacks.</li> <li>Festas da Peregrina in <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a>, 2nd week of August, celebrating the Pilgrim Virgin of <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a>. There is a <a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">bullfighting</a> festival at the same time. Pontevedra is the only city where there is a <a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Toros_de_Pontevedra" title="Plaza de Toros de Pontevedra">permanent bullring</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lexionario._Festa_do_esquecemento._Xinzo_de_Limia,_Ourense,_Galiza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lexionario._Festa_do_esquecemento._Xinzo_de_Limia%2C_Ourense%2C_Galiza.jpg/220px-Lexionario._Festa_do_esquecemento._Xinzo_de_Limia%2C_Ourense%2C_Galiza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lexionario._Festa_do_esquecemento._Xinzo_de_Limia%2C_Ourense%2C_Galiza.jpg/330px-Lexionario._Festa_do_esquecemento._Xinzo_de_Limia%2C_Ourense%2C_Galiza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lexionario._Festa_do_esquecemento._Xinzo_de_Limia%2C_Ourense%2C_Galiza.jpg/440px-Lexionario._Festa_do_esquecemento._Xinzo_de_Limia%2C_Ourense%2C_Galiza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Historical_reenactment" title="Historical reenactment">reenactor</a> dressed as a Roman soldier. <i>Festa do esquecemento</i>, <a href="/wiki/Xinzo_de_Limia" title="Xinzo de Limia">Xinzo de Limia</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Festa de San Froilán, 4–12 October, celebrating the patron saint of the city of <a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a>. A Festival of National Tourist Interest, the festival was attended by 1,035,000 people in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is most famous for the booths serving <i><a href="/wiki/Polbo_%C3%A1_feira" title="Polbo á feira">polbo á feira</a></i>, an <a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">octopus</a> dish.</li> <li>Festa do marisco (Seafood Festival), October, in <a href="/wiki/O_Grove" title="O Grove">O Grove</a>. Established in 1963; declared a Festival of National Tourist Interest in the 1980s.</li></ul> <p>In 2015 only five <i><a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">corridas</a></i> took place within Galicia.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, recent studies have stated that 92% of Galicians are firmly against bullfighting, the highest rate in Spain. Despite this, popular associations, such as <i>Galicia Mellor Sen Touradas</i> ("Galicia Better without Bullfights"), have blamed politicians for having no compromise to abolish it and have been very critical of local councils', especially those governed by the PP and PSOE, payment of subsidies for corridas. The province government of Pontevedra stopped the end of these subsidies and declared the province "free of bullfights".<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The province government of A Coruña approved a document supporting the abolition of these events.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_de_Galicia" title="Televisión de Galicia">Televisión de Galicia</a> (TVG) is the autonomous community's public channel, which has broadcast since 24 July 1985 and is part of the <a href="/wiki/Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Radio-Televisi%C3%B3n_de_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Compañía de Radio-Televisión de Galicia">Compañía de Radio-Televisión de Galicia</a> (CRTVG). TVG broadcasts throughout Galicia and has two international channels, Galicia Televisión Europa and Galicia Televisión América, available throughout the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> through <a href="/wiki/Hispasat" title="Hispasat">Hispasat</a>. CRTVG also broadcasts a <a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">digital terrestrial television</a> (DTT) channel known as <a href="/wiki/G2_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="G2 (TV channel)">tvG2</a> and is considering adding further DTT channels, with a 24-hour news channel projected for 2010. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Galega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Galega (page does not exist)">Radio Galega</a> (RG) is the autonomous community's public radio station and is part of CRTVG. Radio Galega began broadcasting on 24 February 1985, with regular programming starting on 29 March 1985. There are two regular broadcast channels: Radio Galega and Radio Galega Música. In addition, there is a DTT and internet channel, Son Galicia Radio, dedicated specifically to Galician music. </p><p>Galicia has several free and community radio stations. <a href="/wiki/Cuac_FM" title="Cuac FM">Cuac FM</a> is the headquarters of the Community Media Network (which brings together media non-profit oriented and serves their community). CUAC FM (A Coruña), Radio Filispim (Ferrol), Radio Roncudo (corme), Kalimera Radio (Santiago de Compostela), Radio Piratona (Vigo) and Radio Clavi (Lugo) are part of the Galician Network of Free and Association of Community Radio Broadcasters(ReGaRLiC) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Press">Press</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most widely distributed newspaper in Galicia is <i><a href="/wiki/La_Voz_de_Galicia" title="La Voz de Galicia">La Voz de Galicia</a></i>, with 12 local editions and a national edition. Other major newspapers are <i><a href="/wiki/El_Correo_Gallego" title="El Correo Gallego">El Correo Gallego</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Faro_de_Vigo" title="Faro de Vigo">Faro de Vigo</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Diario_de_Pontevedra" title="Diario de Pontevedra">Diario de Pontevedra</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a>), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Progreso_(newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Progreso (newspaper) (page does not exist)">El Progreso</a></i> (Lugo), <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/La_Regi%C3%B3n" title="La Región">La Región</a></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ourense" title="Province of Ourense">Ourense</a>), and <i><a href="/wiki/Galicia_Hoxe" title="Galicia Hoxe">Galicia Hoxe</a></i> – The first daily newspaper to publish exclusively in Galician. Other newspapers are <i><a href="/wiki/El_Diario_de_Ferrol" title="El Diario de Ferrol">Diario de Ferrol</a></i>, the sports paper <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=DxT_Campe%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DxT Campeón (page does not exist)">DxT Campeón</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/El_Ideal_Gallego" title="El Ideal Gallego">El Ideal Gallego</a></i> from A Coruña, the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heraldo_de_Vivero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heraldo de Vivero (page does not exist)">Heraldo de Vivero</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%A1ntico_Diario" title="Atlántico Diario">Atlántico Diario</a></i> from Vigo and the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xornal_de_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xornal de Galicia (page does not exist)">Xornal de Galicia</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Galicia has a long sporting tradition dating back to the early 20th century when the majority of sports clubs in Spain were founded.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The most popular and well-supported teams in the region are <a href="/wiki/Deportivo_de_La_Coru%C3%B1a" title="Deportivo de La Coruña">Deportivo de La Coruña</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celta_Vigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Celta Vigo">Celta Vigo</a>. When the two sides play, it is referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Galician_derby" title="Galician derby">Galician derby</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Deportivo was champion of La Liga in the 1999–2000 season.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_CF" title="Pontevedra CF">Pontevedra CF</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Racing_de_Ferrol" title="Racing de Ferrol">Racing Ferrol</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrol, Galicia">Ferrol</a> are two other notable clubs from Galicia as well as <a href="/wiki/CD_Lugo" title="CD Lugo">CD Lugo</a> and <a href="/wiki/SD_Compostela" title="SD Compostela">SD Compostela</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Galician_Football_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician Football Federation">Galician Football Federation</a> periodically fields a <a href="/wiki/Galicia_national_football_team" title="Galicia national football team">national team</a> against international opposition. </p><p>Football aside, the most popular team sports in Galicia are <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Team_handball" class="mw-redirect" title="Team handball">handball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In basketball, <a href="/wiki/Obradoiro_CAB" title="Obradoiro CAB">Obradoiro CAB</a> is the most successful team of note, and currently, the only Galician team that plays in the <a href="/wiki/Liga_ACB" title="Liga ACB">Liga ACB</a>; other teams are <a href="/wiki/CB_Breogan" class="mw-redirect" title="CB Breogan">CB Breogan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Club_Ourense_Baloncesto" title="Club Ourense Baloncesto">Club Ourense Baloncesto</a> and OAR Ferrol. In the sport of handball, <a href="/wiki/CB_Cangas" title="CB Cangas">Club Balonmán Cangas</a> plays in the top-flight (<a href="/wiki/Liga_ASOBAL" title="Liga ASOBAL">Liga ASOBAL</a>). The sport is particularly popular in the province of Pontevedra with the three other Galician teams in the top two divisions: SD Teucro (Pontevedra), Octavio Pilotes Posada (Vigo) and SD Chapela (Redondela).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey" title="Roller hockey">roller hockey</a> <a href="/wiki/HC_Liceo_La_Coru%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="HC Liceo La Coruña">HC Liceo</a> is the most successful Galician team, in any sport, with numerous European and World titles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In futsal teams, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lobelle_Santiago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lobelle Santiago (page does not exist)">Lobelle Santiago</a> and Azkar Lugo.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Galicia is also known<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2024)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> for its tradition of participation in water sports both at sea and in rivers; these include <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">rowing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yachting" title="Yachting">yachting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canoeing" title="Canoeing">canoeing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a>. Its athletes have regularly won medals in the Olympics; currently, the most notable examples are <a href="/wiki/David_Cal" title="David Cal">David Cal</a>, Carlos Pérez Rial, and Fernando Echavarri.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Galician triathlon contenders <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_G%C3%B3mez_Noya" title="Francisco Javier Gómez Noya">Francisco Javier Gómez Noya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Ra%C3%B1a" title="Iván Raña">Iván Raña</a> have been world champions. In 2006 the cyclist Oscar Pereiro won the Tour de France after the disqualification of American Floyd Landis, gaining the top position on the penultimate day of the race.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Galicians are also prominent athletes in the sport of mountaineering—Chus Lago is the third woman to reach the summit of Everest without supplemental oxygen.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2022, the cycling race <a href="/wiki/O_Gran_Cami%C3%B1o" title="O Gran Camiño">O Gran Camiño</a> was held for the first time <sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was won by the Spanish legend <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Valverde" title="Alejandro Valverde">Alejandro Valverde</a>. In subsequent years, it rose to fame as the scene of the season debut of two times Tour de France winner <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Vingegaard" title="Jonas Vingegaard">Jonas Vingegaard</a> who won the race in both 2023 and 2024.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emerging_sports">Emerging sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Emerging sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2011, several <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> teams have been set up in Galicia. The first was <a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Coru%C3%B1a_Fillos_de_Breog%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Coruña Fillos de Breogán (page does not exist)">Fillos de Breogán</a> (A Coruña), followed Artabros (Oleiros), Irmandinhos (A Estrada), SDG Corvos (Pontevedra), and Suebia (Santiago de Compostela) with talk of creating a Galician league.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Galicia also fielded a Gaelic football side (recognised as national by the <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Athletic_Association" title="Gaelic Athletic Association">GAA</a>) that beat <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> in July 2012 and was reported in the Spanish nationwide press.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby</a> is growing in popularity, although the success of local teams is hampered by the absence of experienced ex-pat players from English-speaking countries typically seen at teams based on the Mediterranean coast or in the big cities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Galicia has a long-established Rugby Federation that organises its own women's, children's, and men's leagues. Galicia has also fielded a national side for friendly matches against other regions of Spain and Portugal. A team of ex-pat Galicians in <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvador, Brazil">Salvador, Brazil</a> have also formed Galicia Rugby, a sister team of the local football club.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Galicia_(Spain)" title="Coat of arms of Galicia (Spain)">Coat of arms of Galicia (Spain)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Galicia" title="Flag of Galicia">Flag of Galicia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_reino_de_galicia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Escudo_reino_de_galicia.jpg/220px-Escudo_reino_de_galicia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Escudo_reino_de_galicia.jpg/330px-Escudo_reino_de_galicia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Escudo_reino_de_galicia.jpg/440px-Escudo_reino_de_galicia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Kingdom of Galicia</a> (<i>L'armorial Le Blancq</i>, c. 1560 AD).</figcaption></figure> <p>A golden <a href="/wiki/Chalice" title="Chalice">chalice</a> enclosed in a field of <a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">azure</a> has been the symbol of Galicia since the 13th century. Originated as a <a href="/wiki/Canting_arms" title="Canting arms">Canting arms</a> due to the phonetic similarity between the words "chalice" and <i>Galyce</i> ("Galicia" in old <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman language</a>), the first documented mention of this emblem is on the <i>Segar's Roll</i>, an English medieval <a href="/wiki/Roll_of_arms" title="Roll of arms">roll of arms</a> where are represented all the Christian kingdoms of 13th-century Europe. In the following centuries, the Galician emblem varied; diverse shapes and several numbers of chalices (initially three and later one or five) were used. It would not be until the 16th century that its number was fixed as one single chalice. Centuries after, a field of crosses was slowly added to the azure background, and latterly also a silver host. Since then, the emblem of the kingdom would be kept until now. </p><p>The ancient flag of the Kingdom of Galicia was based mainly on its <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> until the 19th century. However, when in 1833 the government of Spain abolished the kingdom and divided it into four provinces, the Galician emblem, as well as the flag, lost its legal status and international validity. It would not be until the late 19th century that some Galician intellectuals (nationalist politicians and writers) began to use a new flag as a symbol of renewed national unity for Galicia. That flag, which was composed of a diagonal stripe over a white background, was designated the "official flag of Galicia" in 1984, after the fall of Franco's dictatorship. In addition, the Royal Academy of Galicia asked the Galician government to incorporate the ancient coat of arms of the kingdom onto the modern flag, being present in it since then. </p><p>In addition to its coat of arms and flag, Galicia also has its own anthem. While it is true that the Kingdom of Galicia had an unofficial anthem known as the "Solemn March of the kingdom" for centuries, the current Galician anthem was not created until 1907, although its composition had begun already in 1880. Titled "<a href="/wiki/Os_Pinos" title="Os Pinos">Os Pinos</a>" ("The Pines"), the Galician anthem's lyrics were written by <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Pondal" title="Eduardo Pondal">Eduardo Pondal</a>, one of the greatest modern Galician poets, and its music was composed by Pascual Veiga. Performed for the first time in 1907 in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>) by Galician emigrants, the anthem was banned from 1927 by various Spanish governments until 1977 when it was officially established by the Galician authorities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galicians">Galicians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Galicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Galicians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Galicians">List of Galicians</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honour">Honour</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Honour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Galicia_Peak" title="Galicia Peak">Galicia Peak</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vinson_Massif" title="Vinson Massif">Vinson Massif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> is named after the autonomous community of Galicia.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="line-height:130%"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolmen_axeitos.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Anta (dolmen) at Axeitos, Ribeira. Hundreds of megaliths are still preserved in Galicia"><img alt="Anta (dolmen) at Axeitos, Ribeira. Hundreds of megaliths are still preserved in Galicia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Dolmen_axeitos.JPG/261px-Dolmen_axeitos.JPG" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Dolmen_axeitos.JPG/392px-Dolmen_axeitos.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Dolmen_axeitos.JPG/521px-Dolmen_axeitos.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Anta</i> (<a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">dolmen</a>) at Axeitos, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ux%C3%ADa_de_Ribeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Uxía de Ribeira">Ribeira</a>. Hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Megaliths" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaliths">megaliths</a> are still preserved in Galicia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabo_Fisterra_desde_o_Monte_Pindo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fisterra or Cape Finisterre, meaning 'Land's End', one of the westernmost points in continental Europe"><img alt="Fisterra or Cape Finisterre, meaning 'Land's End', one of the westernmost points in continental Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cabo_Fisterra_desde_o_Monte_Pindo.jpg/260px-Cabo_Fisterra_desde_o_Monte_Pindo.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cabo_Fisterra_desde_o_Monte_Pindo.jpg/391px-Cabo_Fisterra_desde_o_Monte_Pindo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cabo_Fisterra_desde_o_Monte_Pindo.jpg/520px-Cabo_Fisterra_desde_o_Monte_Pindo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Fisterra</i> or <a href="/wiki/Cape_Finisterre" title="Cape Finisterre">Cape Finisterre</a>, meaning 'Land's End', one of the westernmost points in continental Europe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Breogan_e_Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tower of Hercules, a Roman lighthouse and a World Heritage monument, A Coruña"><img alt="Tower of Hercules, a Roman lighthouse and a World Heritage monument, A Coruña" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Breogan_e_Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules.jpg/277px-Breogan_e_Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Breogan_e_Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules.jpg/415px-Breogan_e_Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Breogan_e_Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules.jpg/553px-Breogan_e_Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="554" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules" class="mw-redirect" title="Torre de Hércules">Tower of Hercules</a>, a Roman lighthouse and a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage">World Heritage</a> monument, <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muros_de_San_Cibrao_de_Las.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gates of the Iron Age oppidum of San Cibrao de Las, one of the largest castros of Galicia"><img alt="Gates of the Iron Age oppidum of San Cibrao de Las, one of the largest castros of Galicia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Muros_de_San_Cibrao_de_Las.jpg/260px-Muros_de_San_Cibrao_de_Las.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Muros_de_San_Cibrao_de_Las.jpg/391px-Muros_de_San_Cibrao_de_Las.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Muros_de_San_Cibrao_de_Las.jpg/520px-Muros_de_San_Cibrao_de_Las.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3283" data-file-height="2462" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gates of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">oppidum</a> of San Cibrao de Las, one of the largest <i><a href="/wiki/Castro_culture" title="Castro culture">castros</a></i> of Galicia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaiteiros_em_romaria_galega.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gaiteiros, or bagpipe players. Gaita ('bagpipe') is the most representative Galician musical instrument"><img alt="Gaiteiros, or bagpipe players. Gaita ('bagpipe') is the most representative Galician musical instrument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gaiteiros_em_romaria_galega.jpg/260px-Gaiteiros_em_romaria_galega.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gaiteiros_em_romaria_galega.jpg/391px-Gaiteiros_em_romaria_galega.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gaiteiros_em_romaria_galega.jpg/520px-Gaiteiros_em_romaria_galega.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Gaiteiros</i>, or bagpipe players. <i>Gaita</i> ('bagpipe') is the most representative Galician musical instrument</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 99.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 97.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queimada_Galicia_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queimada, a traditional drink obtained after partially burning local augardente (grappa)"><img alt="Queimada, a traditional drink obtained after partially burning local augardente (grappa)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Queimada_Galicia_4.jpg/146px-Queimada_Galicia_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Queimada_Galicia_4.jpg/220px-Queimada_Galicia_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Queimada_Galicia_4.jpg/292px-Queimada_Galicia_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1499" data-file-height="1999" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Queimada_(drink)" title="Queimada (drink)">Queimada</a></i>, a traditional drink obtained after partially burning local <i><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">augardente</a></i> (grappa)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 99.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 97.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_H%C3%B3rreo_de_Lira._Carnota._Galiza_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A hórreo or cabaceiro or canastro, a traditional and ubiquitous granary"><img alt="A hórreo or cabaceiro or canastro, a traditional and ubiquitous granary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/2015_H%C3%B3rreo_de_Lira._Carnota._Galiza_2.jpg/146px-2015_H%C3%B3rreo_de_Lira._Carnota._Galiza_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/2015_H%C3%B3rreo_de_Lira._Carnota._Galiza_2.jpg/220px-2015_H%C3%B3rreo_de_Lira._Carnota._Galiza_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/2015_H%C3%B3rreo_de_Lira._Carnota._Galiza_2.jpg/292px-2015_H%C3%B3rreo_de_Lira._Carnota._Galiza_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3610" data-file-height="4814" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3rreo" title="Hórreo">hórreo</a></i> or <i>cabaceiro</i> or <i>canastro</i>, a traditional and ubiquitous granary</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iglesia_de_San_Jorge,_La_Coru%C3%B1a,_Espa%C3%B1a,_2015-09-25,_DD_42.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A cruceiro, or wayside cross, and San Xurxo church in A Coruña"><img alt="A cruceiro, or wayside cross, and San Xurxo church in A Coruña" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Iglesia_de_San_Jorge%2C_La_Coru%C3%B1a%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-25%2C_DD_42.jpg/127px-Iglesia_de_San_Jorge%2C_La_Coru%C3%B1a%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-25%2C_DD_42.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Iglesia_de_San_Jorge%2C_La_Coru%C3%B1a%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-25%2C_DD_42.jpg/191px-Iglesia_de_San_Jorge%2C_La_Coru%C3%B1a%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-25%2C_DD_42.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Iglesia_de_San_Jorge%2C_La_Coru%C3%B1a%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-25%2C_DD_42.jpg/254px-Iglesia_de_San_Jorge%2C_La_Coru%C3%B1a%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-25%2C_DD_42.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4636" data-file-height="7105" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <i>cruceiro</i>, or wayside cross, and San Xurxo church in A Coruña</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ciervo_cuernos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Millenarian rock carvings, Laxe dos carballos at Campo Lameiro, in this detail depicts a deer hit by several spears"><img alt="Millenarian rock carvings, Laxe dos carballos at Campo Lameiro, in this detail depicts a deer hit by several spears" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ciervo_cuernos.jpg/260px-Ciervo_cuernos.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ciervo_cuernos.jpg/391px-Ciervo_cuernos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ciervo_cuernos.jpg/520px-Ciervo_cuernos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Millenarian rock carvings, <i>Laxe dos carballos</i> at <a href="/wiki/Campo_Lameiro" title="Campo Lameiro">Campo Lameiro</a>, in this detail depicts a deer hit by several spears</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pontevedra_13_Praza_da_le%C3%B1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leña square, Pontevedra"><img alt="Leña square, Pontevedra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Pontevedra_13_Praza_da_le%C3%B1a.jpg/260px-Pontevedra_13_Praza_da_le%C3%B1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Pontevedra_13_Praza_da_le%C3%B1a.jpg/391px-Pontevedra_13_Praza_da_le%C3%B1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Pontevedra_13_Praza_da_le%C3%B1a.jpg/520px-Pontevedra_13_Praza_da_le%C3%B1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_la_Le%C3%B1a" title="Plaza de la Leña">Leña square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Castelo_(Monforte_de_Lemos).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castle and Monastery of San Vicente do Pino, Monforte de Lemos"><img alt="Castle and Monastery of San Vicente do Pino, Monforte de Lemos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Castelo_%28Monforte_de_Lemos%29.jpg/260px-Castelo_%28Monforte_de_Lemos%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Castelo_%28Monforte_de_Lemos%29.jpg/390px-Castelo_%28Monforte_de_Lemos%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Castelo_%28Monforte_de_Lemos%29.jpg/519px-Castelo_%28Monforte_de_Lemos%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="769" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Castle and <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_San_Vicente_do_Pino" title="Monastery of San Vicente do Pino">Monastery of San Vicente do Pino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monforte_de_Lemos" title="Monforte de Lemos">Monforte de Lemos</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muralla.Lugo.Galicia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roman Walls of Lugo, a World Heritage monument"><img alt="Roman Walls of Lugo, a World Heritage monument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Muralla.Lugo.Galicia.jpg/294px-Muralla.Lugo.Galicia.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Muralla.Lugo.Galicia.jpg/441px-Muralla.Lugo.Galicia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Muralla.Lugo.Galicia.jpg/587px-Muralla.Lugo.Galicia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Walls_of_Lugo" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Walls of Lugo">Roman Walls of Lugo</a>, a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage">World Heritage</a> monument</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 99.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 97.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zenaida.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A traditional dorna, a fisherman boat common in the Ria de Arousa"><img alt="A traditional dorna, a fisherman boat common in the Ria de Arousa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Zenaida.jpg/146px-Zenaida.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Zenaida.jpg/219px-Zenaida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Zenaida.jpg/292px-Zenaida.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1335" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A traditional <i>dorna</i>, a fisherman boat common in the <a href="/wiki/Ria_de_Arousa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ria de Arousa">Ria de Arousa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 262px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Faro_Silleiro.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The rocky coast of Cabo Silleiro, Baiona"><img alt="The rocky coast of Cabo Silleiro, Baiona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Faro_Silleiro.jpg/390px-Faro_Silleiro.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Faro_Silleiro.jpg/585px-Faro_Silleiro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Faro_Silleiro.jpg/779px-Faro_Silleiro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2005" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The rocky coast of Cabo Silleiro, <a href="/wiki/Baiona,_Pontevedra" title="Baiona, Pontevedra">Baiona</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/48px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castros_in_Galicia" title="List of castros in Galicia">List of castros in Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazos_in_Pontevedra_and_Terra_de_Montes" title="Pazos in Pontevedra and Terra de Montes">Pazos in Pontevedra and Terra de Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Galician_history" title="Timeline of Galician history">Timeline of Galician history</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term <i>Galiza</i> is accepted by the orthographic and morphological norms of the Galician language set by the Royal Galician Academy in 2003, while retaining <i>Galicia</i> as the first form, as it is used in the Galician Statute of Autonomy and, thus, the official form.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These words both demonstrate the two main regional speech phenomena of the language, <i><a href="/wiki/Gheada" title="Gheada">gheada</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Seseo" class="mw-redirect" title="Seseo">seseo</a></i>, and are realized as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">[ɡaˈliθ(j)ɐ]</a></span> in the east, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">[ħaˈliθ(j)ɐ]</a></span> more centrally, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">[ħaˈlis(j)ɐ]</a></span> further west; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">[ɡaˈliθ(j)ɐ]</a></span> is <i>de facto</i> standard, though all of these pronunciations are considered acceptable.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-population2024-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-population2024_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=67988">"Annual population census 2021-2024"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Statistics_Institute_(Spain)" title="National Statistics Institute (Spain)">National Statistics Institute (Spain)</a></i>. 19 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Statistics+Institute+%28Spain%29&rft.atitle=Annual+population+census+2021-2024&rft.date=2024-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2FjaxiT3%2FDatos.htm%3Ft%3D67988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ine.es/prensa/cre_2022.pdf">"Contabilidad Regional de España"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ine.es</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231218104341/https://www.ine.es/prensa/cre_2022.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 18 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ine.es&rft.atitle=Contabilidad+Regional+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fine.es%2Fprensa%2Fcre_2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/ESP/?levels=1+4&years=2022&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0">"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+-+Area+Database+-+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Ftable%2Fshdi%2FESP%2F%3Flevels%3D1%2B4%26years%3D2022%26interpolation%3D0%26extrapolation%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/galicia">"Galicia"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190707060608/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/galicia">Archived</a> 7 July 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Galicia, a historic nationality, constitutes itself as an autonomous community for accessing to its self-government", "Galicia, nacionalidade histórica, constitúese en Comunidade Autónoma para acceder ó seu autogoberno" <a href="/wiki/Galician_Statute_of_Autonomy_of_1981" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician Statute of Autonomy of 1981">Statute of Autonomy of Galicia (1981)</a>, 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INE_GDP-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-INE_GDP_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INE_GDP_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INE_GDP_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180611170732/http://www.ine.es/FichasWeb/RegComunidades.do?fichas=49&busc_comu=&botonFichas=Ir+a+la+tabla+de+resultados">"Instituto Nacional de Estadística"</a>. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ine.es/FichasWeb/RegComunidades.do?fichas=49&busc_comu=&botonFichas=Ir+a+la+tabla+de+resultados">the original</a> on 11 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica&rft.pub=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2FFichasWeb%2FRegComunidades.do%3Ffichas%3D49%26busc_comu%3D%26botonFichas%3DIr%2Ba%2Bla%2Btabla%2Bde%2Bresultados&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200704081718/http://www.ige.eu/igebdt/esqv.jsp?paxina=001&c=0501&ruta=verPpalesResultados.jsp%3FOP%3D1&B=1&M=&COD=4576&R=9912%5Ball%5D&C=0%5Ball%5D&F=&S=">"Límites e posición xeográfica"</a>. Instituto Galego de Estatística. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ige.eu/igebdt/esqv.jsp?paxina=001&c=0501&ruta=verPpalesResultados.jsp%3FOP%3D1&B=1&M=&COD=4576&R=9912%5Ball%5D&C=0%5Ball%5D&F=&S=">the original</a> on 4 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%C3%ADmites+e+posici%C3%B3n+xeogr%C3%A1fica&rft.pub=Instituto+Galego+de+Estat%C3%ADstica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ige.eu%2Figebdt%2Fesqv.jsp%3Fpaxina%3D001%26c%3D0501%26ruta%3DverPpalesResultados.jsp%253FOP%253D1%26B%3D1%26M%3D%26COD%3D4576%26R%3D9912%255Ball%255D%26C%3D0%255Ball%255D%26F%3D%26S%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoch2006" class="citation book cs1">Koch, John T. (2006). <i>Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">788–</span>791. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-440-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-440-0"><bdi>978-1-85109-440-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E788-%3C%2Fspan%3E791&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-440-0&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuján2009" class="citation journal cs1">Luján, Eugenio (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3155550">"Pueblos celtas y no celtas de la Galicia antigua: fuentes literarias frente a fuentes epigráficas"</a>. <i>Real Académia de Cultura Valenciana: Sección de estudios ibéricos "D. Fletcher Valls". Estudios de lenguas y epigrafía antiguas - ELEA</i> (9): <span class="nowrap">219–</span>250. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1135-5026">1135-5026</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220130012509/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3155550">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Real+Acad%C3%A9mia+de+Cultura+Valenciana%3A+Secci%C3%B3n+de+estudios+ib%C3%A9ricos+%22D.+Fletcher+Valls%22.+Estudios+de+lenguas+y+epigraf%C3%ADa+antiguas+-+ELEA&rft.atitle=Pueblos+celtas+y+no+celtas+de+la+Galicia+antigua%3A+fuentes+literarias+frente+a+fuentes+epigr%C3%A1ficas&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E219-%3C%2Fspan%3E250&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1135-5026&rft.aulast=Luj%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Eugenio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fservlet%2Farticulo%3Fcodigo%3D3155550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Galicia (Spain)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Galicia_(Spain)">"Galicia (Spain)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">402–</span>403.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Galicia+%28Spain%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E402-%3C%2Fspan%3E403&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodríguez_Fernández1997" class="citation book cs1">Rodríguez Fernández, Justiniano (1997). <i>García I, Ordoño II, Fruela II, Alfonso IV</i>. Burgos: Editorial La Olmeda. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-920046-8-1" title="Special:BookSources/84-920046-8-1"><bdi>84-920046-8-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Garc%C3%ADa+I%2C+Ordo%C3%B1o+II%2C+Fruela+II%2C+Alfonso+IV&rft.place=Burgos&rft.pub=Editorial+La+Olmeda&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=84-920046-8-1&rft.aulast=Rodr%C3%ADguez+Fern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Justiniano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Artaza-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Artaza_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artaza_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Artaza1998" class="citation book cs1">de Artaza, Manuel Ma. (1998). <i>Rey, reino y representación : la Junta General del Reino de Galicia (1599–1834)</i>. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-453-2249-4" title="Special:BookSources/84-453-2249-4"><bdi>84-453-2249-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rey%2C+reino+y+representaci%C3%B3n+%3A+la+Junta+General+del+Reino+de+Galicia+%281599%E2%80%931834%29&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Consejo+Superior+de+Investigaciones+Cient%C3%ADficas&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=84-453-2249-4&rft.aulast=de+Artaza&rft.aufirst=Manuel+Ma.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Galicia had a population of 1,345,803 inhabitants in 1787, some 44 inhabitants per square kilometer, out of a total of 9,307,804 in metropolitan Spain. Cf. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000046020"><i>Censo español executado de orden del Rey comunicada por el … Conde de Floridablanca en el año de 1787</i></a>. Imprenta Real. 1787. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170112181151/http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000046020">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Censo+espa%C3%B1ol+executado+de+orden+del+Rey+comunicada+por+el+%E2%80%A6+Conde+de+Floridablanca+en+el+a%C3%B1o+de+1787&rft.pub=Imprenta+Real&rft.date=1787&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbdh-rd.bne.es%2Fviewer.vm%3Fid%3D0000046020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFINE_-_Spain_statistics_institute2021" class="citation web cs1">INE - Spain statistics institute (1 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ine.es/en/pob_xls">"Municipal breakdown"</a>. <i>INe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=INe&rft.atitle=Municipal+breakdown&rft.date=2021-01-01&rft.au=INE+-+Spain+statistics+institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2Fen%2Fpob_xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elespanol.com/quincemil/articulos/actualidad/a-coruna-es-la-localidad-con-mas-habitantes-de-galicia-por-encima-de-vigo">"A Coruña es la localidad con más habitantes de Galicia, por encima de Vigo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="El Español">El Español</a></i> (in Spanish). 9 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305221623/https://www.elespanol.com/quincemil/articulos/actualidad/a-coruna-es-la-localidad-con-mas-habitantes-de-galicia-por-encima-de-vigo">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Espa%C3%B1ol&rft.atitle=A+Coru%C3%B1a+es+la+localidad+con+m%C3%A1s+habitantes+de+Galicia%2C+por+encima+de+Vigo&rft.date=2020-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elespanol.com%2Fquincemil%2Farticulos%2Factualidad%2Fa-coruna-es-la-localidad-con-mas-habitantes-de-galicia-por-encima-de-vigo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190518114706/http://www.ige.eu/igebdt/esqv.jsp?ruta=verTabla.jsp%3FOP%3D1&B=1&M=&COD=2951&R=9912%5B12%5D%3B0%5Ball%5D&C=1%5Ball%5D%3B2%5Ball%5D&F=&S=&SCF=">"IGE. Táboas"</a>. <i>www.ige.eu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ige.eu/igebdt/esqv.jsp?ruta=verTabla.jsp%3FOP%3D1&B=1&M=&COD=2951&R=9912%5B12%5D%3B0%5Ball%5D&C=1%5Ball%5D%3B2%5Ball%5D&F=&S=&SCF=">the original</a> on 18 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ige.eu&rft.atitle=IGE.+T%C3%A1boas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ige.eu%2Figebdt%2Fesqv.jsp%3Fruta%3DverTabla.jsp%253FOP%253D1%26B%3D1%26M%3D%26COD%3D2951%26R%3D9912%255B12%255D%253B0%255Ball%255D%26C%3D1%255Ball%255D%253B2%255Ball%255D%26F%3D%26S%3D%26SCF%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moralejo-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moralejo_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moralejo_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoralejo2008" class="citation book cs1">Moralejo, Juan J. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilg.usc.es/agon/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Callaica_Nomina.pdf"><i>Callaica nomina : estudios de onomástica gallega</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. A Coruña: Fundación Pedro Barrié de la Maza. pp. <span class="nowrap">113–</span>148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-95892-68-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-95892-68-3"><bdi>978-84-95892-68-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110322173004/http://ilg.usc.es/agon/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Callaica_Nomina.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 22 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Callaica+nomina+%3A+estudios+de+onom%C3%A1stica+gallega&rft.place=A+Coru%C3%B1a&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E113-%3C%2Fspan%3E148&rft.pub=Fundaci%C3%B3n+Pedro+Barri%C3%A9+de+la+Maza&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-84-95892-68-3&rft.aulast=Moralejo&rft.aufirst=Juan+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Filg.usc.es%2Fagon%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F09%2FCallaica_Nomina.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luján, Eugenio R. (2000): "Ptolemy's 'Callaecia' and the language(s) of the '<a href="/wiki/Callaeci" class="mw-redirect" title="Callaeci">Callaeci</a>', in <i>Ptolemy: towards a linguistic atlas of the earliest Celtic place-names of Europe: papers from a workshop sponsored by the British Academy</i>, Dept. of Welsh, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, 11–12 April 1999, pp. 55–72. Parsons and Patrick Sims-Williams editors.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBúa2018" class="citation book cs1">Búa, Carlos (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usc.gal/libros/gl/lingstica/300-toponimia-prelatina-de-galicia-.html"><i>Toponimia prelatina de Galicia</i></a>. Santiago de Compostela: USC. p. 213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-17595-07-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-17595-07-4"><bdi>978-84-17595-07-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210716153613/https://www.usc.gal/libros/gl/lingstica/300-toponimia-prelatina-de-galicia-.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toponimia+prelatina+de+Galicia.&rft.place=Santiago+de+Compostela&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=USC&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-84-17595-07-4&rft.aulast=B%C3%BAa&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usc.gal%2Flibros%2Fgl%2Flingstica%2F300-toponimia-prelatina-de-galicia-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Curchin, Leonard A. (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://estudiosgallegos.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosgallegos/article/view/41">Estudios Gallegos<i>The toponyms of the Roman Galicia: New Study</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625172742/http://estudiosgallegos.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosgallegos/article/view/41">Archived</a> 25 June 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. CUADERNOS DE ESTUDIOS GALLEGOS <b>LV</b> (121): 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benozzo, F. (2018) "Uma paisagem atlântica pré-histórica. Etnogénese e etno-filologia paleo-mesolítica das tradições galega e portuguesa", in proceedings of <i>Jornadas das Letras Galego-Portuguesas 2015–2017</i>, DTS, Università di Bologna and Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa, pp. 159–170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraga2008" class="citation news cs1">Fraga, Xesús (8 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131106/http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/galicia/2008/06/08/0003_6886803.htm">"La Academia contesta a la Xunta que el único topónimo oficial es Galicia"</a> [The Academy responds to the Xunta saying that the only official toponym is Galicia]. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Voz_de_Galicia" title="La Voz de Galicia">La Voz de Galicia</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/galicia/2008/06/08/0003_6886803.htm">the original</a> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Voz+de+Galicia&rft.atitle=La+Academia+contesta+a+la+Xunta+que+el+%C3%BAnico+top%C3%B3nimo+oficial+es+Galicia&rft.date=2008-06-08&rft.aulast=Fraga&rft.aufirst=Xes%C3%BAs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavozdegalicia.es%2Fgalicia%2F2008%2F06%2F08%2F0003_6886803.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://santiagoways.com/en/myths-and-legends-of-the-camino-de-santiago/">"Legends of the Camino de Santiago | Terra meiga | Santiago Ways"</a>. <i>Agencia de Viajes Mejor Valorada del Camino de Santiago</i>. 7 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200216155225/https://santiagoways.com/en/myths-and-legends-of-the-camino-de-santiago/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agencia+de+Viajes+Mejor+Valorada+del+Camino+de+Santiago&rft.atitle=Legends+of+the+Camino+de+Santiago+%26%23124%3B+Terra+meiga+%26%23124%3B+Santiago+Ways&rft.date=2017-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsantiagoways.com%2Fen%2Fmyths-and-legends-of-the-camino-de-santiago%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205011943/https://breathingalicia.com/the-magical-traditions-of-galicia/">"The magical traditions of Galicia"</a>. 29 June 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://breathingalicia.com/the-magical-traditions-of-galicia/">the original</a> on 5 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+magical+traditions+of+Galicia&rft.date=2019-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbreathingalicia.com%2Fthe-magical-traditions-of-galicia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antonio de la Peña Santos, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctv.es/USERS/sananton/ponteved.pdf">Los orígenes del asentamiento humano</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130524105459/http://www.ctv.es/USERS/sananton/ponteved.pdf">Archived</a> 24 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, (chapters 1 and 2 of the book <i>Historia de Pontevedra</i> A Coruña: Editorial Vía Láctea, 1996. p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_la_Peña_García2001" class="citation book cs1">de la Peña García, Antonio (2001). <i>Petroglifos de Galicia</i>. Perillo-Oleiros (A Coruña): Vía Láctea. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-89444-82-X" title="Special:BookSources/84-89444-82-X"><bdi>84-89444-82-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Petroglifos+de+Galicia&rft.place=Perillo-Oleiros+%28A+Coru%C3%B1a%29&rft.pub=V%C3%ADa+L%C3%A1ctea&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=84-89444-82-X&rft.aulast=de+la+Pe%C3%B1a+Garc%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parcero-Oubiña C. and Cobas-Fernández, I (2004). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www4.uwm.edu/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/6_1/parcero-cobas_6_1.pdf">Iron Age Archaeology of the Northwest Iberian Peninsula</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624082949/http://www4.uwm.edu/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/6_1/parcero-cobas_6_1.pdf">Archived</a> 24 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. In e-Keltoi, Volume 6: 1–72. UW System Board of Regents, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1540-4889">1540-4889</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>History of Rome: the Spanish Wars</i>, 72–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy lv., lvi., <i>Epitome</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/martinbraga/formula.shtml">"Formula Vitae Honestae"</a>. Thelatinlibrary.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307093120/http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/martinbraga/formula.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Formula+Vitae+Honestae&rft.pub=Thelatinlibrary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelatinlibrary.com%2Fmartinbraga%2Fformula.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2002" class="citation book cs1">Young, Simon (2002). <i>Britonia: camiños novos</i>. Toxosoutos. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-95622-58-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-95622-58-7"><bdi>978-84-95622-58-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britonia%3A+cami%C3%B1os+novos&rft.pub=Toxosoutos&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-84-95622-58-7&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. Carballeira Debasa, Ana María (2007). <i>Galicia y los gallegos en las fuentes árabes medievales</i>. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-00-08576-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-00-08576-6">978-84-00-08576-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-López-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-López_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_II_of_Asturias" title="Alfonso II of Asturias">Alfonso II of Asturias</a> was addressed as: <i>"DCCXCVIII. Venit etiam et legatus Hadefonsi regis Galleciae et Asturiae, nomine Froia, papilionem mirae pulchritudinis praesentans. (…) Hadefonsus rex Galleciae et Asturiae praedata Olisipona ultima Hispaniae civitate insignia victoriae suae loricas, mulos captivosque Mauros domno regi per legatos suos Froiam et Basiliscum hiemis tempore misit".</i> (ANNALES REGNI FRANCORUM); <i>"Hadefuns rex Gallaeciae Carolo prius munera pretiosa itemque manubias suas pro munere misit".</i> (CODEX AUGIENSIS); <i>"Galleciarum princeps"</i> (VITA LUDOVICI) Cf. López Carreira, Anselmo (2005): <i>O Reino medieval de Galicia</i>. A Nosa Terra, Vigo. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-8341-293-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-8341-293-0">978-84-8341-293-0</a> pp. 211–248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEduardo_Loureiro" class="citation web cs1">Eduardo Loureiro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catoira.net/">"Viking Festival webpage"</a>. Catoira.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806232851/https://www.catoira.net/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Viking+Festival+webpage&rft.pub=Catoira.net&rft.au=Eduardo+Loureiro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catoira.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMariño_Paz1998" class="citation book cs1">Mariño Paz, Ramón (1998). <i>Historia da lingua galega</i> (2. ed.). Santiago de Compostela: Sotelo Blanco. p. 195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7824-333-X" title="Special:BookSources/84-7824-333-X"><bdi>84-7824-333-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+da+lingua+galega&rft.place=Santiago+de+Compostela&rft.pages=195&rft.edition=2.&rft.pub=Sotelo+Blanco&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=84-7824-333-X&rft.aulast=Mari%C3%B1o+Paz&rft.aufirst=Ram%C3%B3n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubio_Martínez2010" class="citation journal cs1">Rubio Martínez, Amparo (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://estudiosgallegos.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosgallegos/article/view/79/80">"LOS INGRESOS EXTRAORDINARIOS DEL REINO DE GALICIA EN EL SIGLO XV"</a>. <i>Cuadernos de Estudios Gallegos</i>. <b>LVII</b> (126): 268. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622063601/http://estudiosgallegos.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosgallegos/article/view/79/80">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cuadernos+de+Estudios+Gallegos&rft.atitle=LOS+INGRESOS+EXTRAORDINARIOS+DEL+REINO+DE+GALICIA+EN+EL+SIGLO+XV&rft.volume=LVII&rft.issue=126&rft.pages=268&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Rubio+Mart%C3%ADnez&rft.aufirst=Amparo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Festudiosgallegos.revistas.csic.es%2Findex.php%2Festudiosgallegos%2Farticle%2Fview%2F79%2F80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez_Crespo2007" class="citation book cs1">Martínez Crespo, José (2007). <i>A guerra na Galicia do antigo rexime</i>. Noia: Toxosoutos. pp. <span class="nowrap">302–</span>319. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-96673-19-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-96673-19-9"><bdi>978-84-96673-19-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+guerra+na+Galicia+do+antigo+rexime&rft.place=Noia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E302-%3C%2Fspan%3E319&rft.pub=Toxosoutos&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-84-96673-19-9&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez+Crespo&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Artaza1998" class="citation book cs1">de Artaza, Manuel M. (1998). <i>Rey, reino y representación: la Junta General del Reino de Galicia (1599–1834)</i>. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. pp. <span class="nowrap">231–</span>325. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8445322494" title="Special:BookSources/8445322494"><bdi>8445322494</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rey%2C+reino+y+representaci%C3%B3n%3A+la+Junta+General+del+Reino+de+Galicia+%281599%E2%80%931834%29&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E231-%3C%2Fspan%3E325&rft.pub=Consejo+Superior+de+Investigaciones+Cient%C3%ADficas&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=8445322494&rft.aulast=de+Artaza&rft.aufirst=Manuel+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Artaza1998" class="citation book cs1">de Artaza, Manuel M. (1998). <i>Rey, reino y representación: la Junta General del Reino de Galicia (1599–1834)</i>. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. pp. <span class="nowrap">325–</span>345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-453-2249-4" title="Special:BookSources/84-453-2249-4"><bdi>84-453-2249-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rey%2C+reino+y+representaci%C3%B3n%3A+la+Junta+General+del+Reino+de+Galicia+%281599%E2%80%931834%29&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E325-%3C%2Fspan%3E345&rft.pub=Consejo+Superior+de+Investigaciones+Cient%C3%ADficas&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=84-453-2249-4&rft.aulast=de+Artaza&rft.aufirst=Manuel+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100403063902/http://www.parlamentodegalicia.es/sites/ParlamentoGalicia/BibliotecaBoletinsOficiais/B70262.pdf">"Proposición no de ley del PSdeG-PSOE en el Parlamento de Galicia sobre Memoria Histórica"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Boletín Oficial del Parlamento de Galicia</i> (in Spanish) (262): <span class="nowrap">31146–</span>31309. 21 December 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlamentodegalicia.es/sites/ParlamentoGalicia/BibliotecaBoletinsOficiais/B70262.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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FaroDeVigo.es. Retrieved 22 January 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanta_Maria2009" class="citation book cs1">Santa Maria, Inés Santa Maria (2009). <i>Atlas Xeográfico e Histórico de Galicia e do Mundo</i> (1. ed.). 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Retrieved 17 February 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-llanosmartinezELPAIS16oct2017-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-llanosmartinezELPAIS16oct2017_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLlanos_Martinez2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Llanos Martinez, Hector (16 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://verne.elpais.com/verne/2017/10/16/articulo/1508138287_541060.html">"Una cadena humana en un pueblo de Pontevedra logra salvar un colegio de las llamas"</a>. <i>El Pais</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328180435/https://verne.elpais.com/verne/2017/10/16/articulo/1508138287_541060.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pais&rft.atitle=Una+cadena+humana+en+un+pueblo+de+Pontevedra+logra+salvar+un+colegio+de+las+llamas&rft.date=2017-10-16&rft.aulast=Llanos+Martinez&rft.aufirst=Hector&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fverne.elpais.com%2Fverne%2F2017%2F10%2F16%2Farticulo%2F1508138287_541060.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-new-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-new_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaia Vince <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994100">Prestige oil spill far worse than thought</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041208063142/http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994100">Archived</a> 2004-12-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>New Scientist</i>, August 27, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080713074541/http://www.egu.es/">"A entrada de hoxe"</a>. <i>Enciclopedia Galega Universal</i> (in Galician). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+normals+for+Ourense&rft.pub=Aemet.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aemet.es%2Fen%2Fserviciosclimaticos%2Fdatosclimatologicos%2Fvaloresclimatologicos%3Fl%3D1690A%26k%3Dgal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1505&k=gal">"Climate normals for Lugo"</a>. Aemet.es. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190902051600/http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1505&k=gal">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+normals+for+Lugo&rft.pub=Aemet.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aemet.es%2Fen%2Fserviciosclimaticos%2Fdatosclimatologicos%2Fvaloresclimatologicos%3Fl%3D1505%26k%3Dgal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1495&k=gal">"Standard climate values for Vigo"</a>. Aemet.es. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731204426/http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1495&k=gal">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+climate+values+for+Vigo&rft.pub=Aemet.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aemet.es%2Fen%2Fserviciosclimaticos%2Fdatosclimatologicos%2Fvaloresclimatologicos%3Fl%3D1495%26k%3Dgal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1387&k=gal">"Standard climate values for A Coruña"</a>. Aemet.es. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101021950/http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1387&k=gal">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+climate+values+for+A+Coru%C3%B1a&rft.pub=Aemet.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aemet.es%2Fen%2Fserviciosclimaticos%2Fdatosclimatologicos%2Fvaloresclimatologicos%3Fl%3D1387%26k%3Dgal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos">"AEMET - Standard climate values"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326032223/https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AEMET+-+Standard+climate+values&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aemet.es%2Fes%2Fserviciosclimaticos%2Fdatosclimatologicos%2Fvaloresclimatologicos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanta_MariaNoé_Massó2009" class="citation book cs1">Santa Maria, Inés; Noé Massó (2009). <i>Atlas Xeográfico e Histórico de Galicia e do Mundo</i> (1 ed.). Vilaboa: Do Cumio. pp. <span class="nowrap">55–</span>66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-8289-328-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-8289-328-0"><bdi>978-84-8289-328-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+Xeogr%C3%A1fico+e+Hist%C3%B3rico+de+Galicia+e+do+Mundo&rft.place=Vilaboa&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E55-%3C%2Fspan%3E66&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Do+Cumio&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-84-8289-328-0&rft.aulast=Santa+Maria&rft.aufirst=In%C3%A9s&rft.au=No%C3%A9+Mass%C3%B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">years 2006–2010, cf. the official meteorological agency <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.meteogalicia.es/galego/observacion/estacions/DatosHistoricosTaboas_mensualInv.asp?est=10124&param=10119,10006,10001,10125&data1=01/1/2006&data2=01/12/2010&tiporede=automaticas&red=102&idprov=0">Meteogalicia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903225948/http://www2.meteogalicia.es/galego/observacion/estacions/DatosHistoricosTaboas_mensualInv.asp?est=10124&param=10119%2C10006%2C10001%2C10125&data1=01%2F1%2F2006&data2=01%2F12%2F2010&tiporede=automaticas&red=102&idprov=0">Archived</a> 3 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.meteogalicia.es/galego/observacion/estacions/DatosHistoricosTaboas_mensualInv.asp?est=10053&param=10119,10006,10001,10125&data1=01/1/2006&data2=01/12/2010&tiporede=automaticas&red=102&idprov=1">Meteogalicia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903225948/http://www2.meteogalicia.es/galego/observacion/estacions/DatosHistoricosTaboas_mensualInv.asp?est=10053&param=10119%2C10006%2C10001%2C10125&data1=01%2F1%2F2006&data2=01%2F12%2F2010&tiporede=automaticas&red=102&idprov=1">Archived</a> 3 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?k=gal">AEMET</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120409090931/http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?k=gal">Archived</a> 9 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xunta.es/estatuto?lang=es#T1">"Estatuto de Autonomía de Galicia. Título I: Del Poder Gallego"</a>. Xunta.es. 1 October 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090107044033/http://www.xunta.es/estatuto?lang=es#T1">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estatuto+de+Autonom%C3%ADa+de+Galicia.+T%C3%ADtulo+I%3A+Del+Poder+Gallego&rft.pub=Xunta.es&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xunta.es%2Festatuto%3Flang%3Des%23T1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlamentodegalicia.com/contenido/ING/pags/grupo_pa.htm">"Parlamento de Galicia – By Party"</a>. Parlamento de Galicia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2006</span>. <q>Parliament of Galicia Composition</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parlamento+de+Galicia+%E2%80%93+By+Party&rft.pub=Parlamento+de+Galicia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlamentodegalicia.com%2Fcontenido%2FING%2Fpags%2Fgrupo_pa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2010">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resultados2020.xunta.gal/resultados/0/galicia">"Resultados definitivos: Galicia | Eleccións ao Parlamento de Galicia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305221831/https://resultados2020.xunta.gal/resultados/0/galicia">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resultados+definitivos%3A+Galicia+%7C+Elecci%C3%B3ns+ao+Parlamento+de+Galicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresultados2020.xunta.gal%2Fresultados%2F0%2Fgalicia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The seven silver crosses on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Galicia_(Spain)" title="Coat of arms of Galicia (Spain)">coat of arms of Galicia</a> refer to these seven historic provinces.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manuel Bragado, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xornal.com/article.php3?sid=20050905120430">«Microtoponimia»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101021950/http://www.xornal.com/article.php3?sid=20050905120430">Archived</a> 1 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Xornal de Galicia</i>, 5 September 2005. Retrieved 21 February 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lavozdegalicia.es-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lavozdegalicia.es_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lavozdegalicia.es_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/economia/2021/04/14/pandemia-rompio-mayor-racha-crecimiento-galicia-decada/0003_202104G14P32991.htm">"La pandemia rompió la mayor racha de crecimiento de Galicia en una década"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Voz_de_Galicia" title="La Voz de Galicia">La Voz de Galicia</a></i> (in Spanish). 14 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414085032/https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/economia/2021/04/14/pandemia-rompio-mayor-racha-crecimiento-galicia-decada/0003_202104G14P32991.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Voz+de+Galicia&rft.atitle=La+pandemia+rompi%C3%B3+la+mayor+racha+de+crecimiento+de+Galicia+en+una+d%C3%A9cada&rft.date=2021-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavozdegalicia.es%2Fnoticia%2Feconomia%2F2021%2F04%2F14%2Fpandemia-rompio-mayor-racha-crecimiento-galicia-decada%2F0003_202104G14P32991.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finanzzas.com/zara-la-marca-espanola-mas-conocida-en-el-exterior">"Zara, la marca española más conocida en el exterior"</a>. 2 April 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023214429/https://www.finanzzas.com/zara-la-marca-espanola-mas-conocida-en-el-exterior">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zara%2C+la+marca+espa%C3%B1ola+m%C3%A1s+conocida+en+el+exterior&rft.date=2008-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finanzzas.com%2Fzara-la-marca-espanola-mas-conocida-en-el-exterior&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.inditex.com/itxcomweb/en/press/news-detail?contentId=3dbc9f5d-2f00-46d2-bd45-8bb2ab945261">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091014070454/http://www.cincodias.com/articulo/empresas/Inditex-gana-25-aumentara-superficie-disponible-2010/20080331cdscdsemp_1/cdsemp/">Archived</a> 14 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cincodias.com">http://www.cincodias.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100318064017/http://www.cincodias.com/">Archived</a> 18 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 31 March 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cotizalia.com/cache/2007/05/29/33_amancio_ortega_refuerza_acerinox_entra_iberdrola.html">Amancio Ortega se refuerza en Acerinox y BBVA; entra en Iberdrola e Inbesós</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100411023714/http://www.cotizalia.com/cache/2007/05/29/33_amancio_ortega_refuerza_acerinox_entra_iberdrola.html">Archived</a> 11 April 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Cotizalia.com, 30 May 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/ricardogeromel/2013/04/02/forbes-map-european-billionaires/">"Map: European Billionaires"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. 4 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140514185936/http://www.forbes.com/sites/ricardogeromel/2013/04/02/forbes-map-european-billionaires/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Map%3A+European+Billionaires&rft.date=2013-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fricardogeromel%2F2013%2F04%2F02%2Fforbes-map-european-billionaires%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eleconomista.es/empresas-finanzas/noticias/122733/12/06/Centro-Vigo-de-PSA-produjo-455430-vehiculos-en-2006-el-7-mas.html">Centro Vigo de PSA produjo 455.430 vehículos en 2006, el 7% más</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722152047/http://www.eleconomista.es/empresas-finanzas/noticias/122733/12/06/Centro-Vigo-de-PSA-produjo-455430-vehiculos-en-2006-el-7-mas.html">Archived</a> 22 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 21 December 2006. Retrieved 18 February 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ProduccioncentroPSA-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ProduccioncentroPSA_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farodevigo.es/secciones/noticia.jsp?pRef=3111_10_163137__Economia-Nueve-millones-coches-made-Vigo">Nueve millones de coches `made in´ Vigo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323063648/http://www.farodevigo.es/secciones/noticia.jsp?pRef=3111_10_163137__Economia-Nueve-millones-coches-made-Vigo">Archived</a> 23 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, FaroDeVigo.es, 12 September 2007. Retrieved 9 November 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turismo-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Turismo_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turismo_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turismo_77-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/galicia/2008/01/02/00031199277292134844326.htm">"Galicia recibió un 8% más de turistas durante el 2007"</a>. 2 January 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323064818/http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/galicia/2008/01/02/00031199277292134844326.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Galicia+recibi%C3%B3+un+8%25+m%C3%A1s+de+turistas+durante+el+2007&rft.date=2008-01-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavozdegalicia.es%2Fgalicia%2F2008%2F01%2F02%2F00031199277292134844326.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018"</a>. <i>Eurostat</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417095003/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Regional+GDP+per+capita+ranged+from+30%25+to+263%25+of+the+EU+average+in+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdocuments%2F2995521%2F10474907%2F1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf%2F81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=de&pcode=tgs00010&plugin=1">"Regional Unemployment by NUTS2 Region"</a>. <i>Eurostat</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181105202703/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=de&pcode=tgs00010&plugin=1">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Regional+Unemployment+by+NUTS2+Region&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Ftgm%2Ftable.do%3Ftab%3Dtable%26init%3D1%26language%3Dde%26pcode%3Dtgs00010%26plugin%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galiciaparaelmundo.com/blog/index.php?page_id=51&reportaje_id=2504&name_page=Reportaje">El Barrio Marinero</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190913124109/http://www.galiciaparaelmundo.com/blog/?page_id=51&reportaje_id=2504&name_page=Reportaje">Archived</a> 13 September 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.galiciaparaelmundo.com">http://www.galiciaparaelmundo.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100404075523/http://www.galiciaparaelmundo.com/">Archived</a> 4 April 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antonio Figueras, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weblogs.madrimasd.org/ciencia_marina/archive/2008/05/30/93384.aspx">¡Y aún dicen que el pescado es caro!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607004523/http://weblogs.madrimasd.org/ciencia_marina/archive/2008/05/30/93384.aspx">Archived</a> 7 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, weblogs.madrimasd.org/ciencia_marina</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hijos-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hijos_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hijos_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEFE" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/EFE" title="EFE">EFE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301214952/http://www.galicia-hoxe.com/index_2.php?idMenu=79&idNoticia=307692">"As lucenses son as que menos fillos teñen en España"</a>. <i>Galicia-Hoxe.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galicia-hoxe.com/index_2.php?idMenu=79&idNoticia=307692">the original</a> on 1 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Galicia-Hoxe.com&rft.atitle=As+lucenses+son+as+que+menos+fillos+te%C3%B1en+en+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.au=EFE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.galicia-hoxe.com%2Findex_2.php%3FidMenu%3D79%26idNoticia%3D307692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141224040727/http://www.galiciae.com/nova/11665.html?lang=es">"Aumentan los nacimientos en Galicia, pero el saldo vegetativo sigue negativo"</a>. <i>galiciae.com</i> (in Spanish). 28 May 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galiciae.com/nova/11665.html?lang=es">the original</a> on 24 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=galiciae.com&rft.atitle=Aumentan+los+nacimientos+en+Galicia%2C+pero+el+saldo+vegetativo+sigue+negativo&rft.date=2005-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.galiciae.com%2Fnova%2F11665.html%3Flang%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPunzón2007" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Punzón, Carlos (29 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/galicia/2007/10/30/0003_6273910.htm">"La esperanza de vida se incrementó en Galicia en cinco años desde 1981"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Voz_de_Galicia" title="La Voz de Galicia">La Voz de Galicia</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091212185216/http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/galicia/2007/10/30/0003_6273910.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Voz+de+Galicia&rft.atitle=La+esperanza+de+vida+se+increment%C3%B3+en+Galicia+en+cinco+a%C3%B1os+desde+1981&rft.date=2007-10-29&rft.aulast=Punz%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavozdegalicia.es%2Fgalicia%2F2007%2F10%2F30%2F0003_6273910.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=/t20/p318&file=inebase&L=">"Indicadores Demográficos Básicos"</a>. <i>Instituto Nacional de Estadística</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015231614/http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft20%2Fp318&file=inebase&L=">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica&rft.atitle=Indicadores+Demogr%C3%A1ficos+B%C3%A1sicos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2Fjaxi%2Fmenu.do%3Ftype%3Dpcaxis%26path%3D%2Ft20%2Fp318%26file%3Dinebase%26L%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lavanguardia.com-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lavanguardia.com_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNafría2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nafría, Ismael (2 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavanguardia.com/vangdata/20150402/54429637154/interactivo-creencias-y-practicas-religiosas-en-espana.html">"Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Vanguardia" title="La Vanguardia">La Vanguardia</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404024037/http://www.lavanguardia.com/vangdata/20150402/54429637154/interactivo-creencias-y-practicas-religiosas-en-espana.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=Interactivo%3A+Creencias+y+pr%C3%A1cticas+religiosas+en+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.date=2015-04-02&rft.aulast=Nafr%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=Ismael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavanguardia.com%2Fvangdata%2F20150402%2F54429637154%2Finteractivo-creencias-y-practicas-religiosas-en-espana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=5776">"Tartan Details - the Scottish Register of Tartans"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230613174817/https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=5776">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tartan+Details+-+the+Scottish+Register+of+Tartans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tartanregister.gov.uk%2FtartanDetails%3Fref%3D5776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltConsulta?TIPO_BUS=3&LEMA=gallego">"Gallegos"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Espanola" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia Espanola">Real Academia Espanola</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071226112019/http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltConsulta?TIPO_BUS=3&LEMA=gallego">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Real+Academia+Espanola&rft.atitle=Gallegos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbuscon.rae.es%2FdraeI%2FSrvltConsulta%3FTIPO_BUS%3D3%26LEMA%3Dgallego&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=/t20/e245&file=inebase&L=">"Explotación estadística del Padrón"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)">Instituto Nacional de Estadística</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080112044915/http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft20%2Fe245&file=inebase&L=">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica&rft.atitle=Explotaci%C3%B3n+estad%C3%ADstica+del+Padr%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2Fjaxi%2Fmenu.do%3Ftype%3Dpcaxis%26path%3D%2Ft20%2Fe245%26file%3Dinebase%26L%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernández_Rei2003" class="citation cs2">Fernández Rei, Francisco (2003), <i>Dialectoloxía da lingua galega</i> (3 ed.), Vigo: Edicións Xerais de Galicia, p. 17, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7507-472-3" title="Special:BookSources/84-7507-472-3"><bdi>84-7507-472-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dialectolox%C3%ADa+da+lingua+galega&rft.place=Vigo&rft.pages=17&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Edici%C3%B3ns+Xerais+de+Galicia&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=84-7507-472-3&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez+Rei&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnologue-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=glg">Galician</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080328094338/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=glg">Archived</a> 28 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>. Retrieved 19 February 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/eli/es-ga/l/2014/03/24/1/con">full text of the law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731210721/https://www.boe.es/eli/es-ga/l/2014/03/24/1/con">Archived</a> 31 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lang-census-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lang-census_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lang-census_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xunta.es/linguagalega/arquivos/PNL22x24_textointegro).pdf">Plano Xeral de Normalización da lingua galega</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100215032113/http://www.xunta.es/linguagalega/arquivos/PNL22x24_textointegro%29.pdf">Archived</a> 15 February 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Xunta de Galicia. (In Galician.) p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://consellodacultura.org/mediateca/pubs.pdf/doc_en_galego.pdf/">O Foro do bo burgo do Castro Caldelas, dado por Afonso IX in 1228</a>, Consello da Cultura Galega. Retrieved 19 February 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102220353/http://consellodacultura.org/mediateca/pubs.pdf/doc_en_galego.pdf/">Archived</a> 2 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIS2019Extremadura-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIS2019Extremadura_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIS2019Extremadura_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentro_de_Investigaciones_Sociológicas_(Centre_for_Sociological_Research)2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas</i> (Centre for Sociological Research) (October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/3260_3279/3263/Marginales/es3263mar_Extremadura.pdf">"Macrobarómetro de octubre 2019, Banco de datos - Document 'Población con derecho a voto en elecciones generales y residente en España, Extremadura (aut.)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). p. 21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200204181938/http://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/3260_3279/3263/Marginales/es3263mar_Extremadura.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macrobar%C3%B3metro+de+octubre+2019%2C+Banco+de+datos+-+Document+%27Poblaci%C3%B3n+con+derecho+a+voto+en+elecciones+generales+y+residente+en+Espa%C3%B1a%2C+Extremadura+%28aut.%29&rft.pages=21&rft.date=2019-10&rft.au=%27%27Centro+de+Investigaciones+Sociol%C3%B3gicas%27%27+%28Centre+for+Sociological+Research%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cis.es%2Fcis%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2F-Archivos%2FMarginales%2F3260_3279%2F3263%2FMarginales%2Fes3263mar_Extremadura.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://durvate.wordpress.com/2015/08/03/e-oficial-its-official/">É oficial – It's official</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180801213302/https://durvate.wordpress.com/2015/08/03/e-oficial-its-official/">Archived</a> 1 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Irmandade Druídica Galaica</i> (Pan-Galician Druidic Fellowship) (access 1 August 2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maper.mjusticia.gob.es/Maper/DetalleEntidadReligiosa.action?numeroInscripcion=022549">Detalle de Entidad Religiosa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118165858/https://maper.mjusticia.gob.es/Maper/DetalleEntidadReligiosa.action?numeroInscripcion=022549">Archived</a> 18 January 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, a record of inscription with the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Justice (Spain)">Ministry of Justice (Spain)</a> (access 18 January 2022)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapa.es/es/alimentacion/pags/Denominacion/resultado.asp">Denominaciones de Origen y Indicaciones Geográficas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100422195432/http://www.mapa.es/es/alimentacion/pags/Denominacion/resultado.asp">Archived</a> 22 April 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Select "Galicia" in the dropdown. Retrieved 22 February 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091017170549/http://elprogreso.galiciae.com/nova/18491.html">"El San Froilán atrajo a Lugo a más de un millón de personas"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Progreso_(Spain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Progreso (Spain) (page does not exist)">El Progreso</a></i> (in Spanish). 13 October 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elprogreso.galiciae.com/nova/18491.html">the original</a> on 17 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Progreso&rft.atitle=El+San+Froil%C3%A1n+atrajo+a+Lugo+a+m%C3%A1s+de+un+mill%C3%B3n+de+personas&rft.date=2008-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felprogreso.galiciae.com%2Fnova%2F18491.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPardo2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pardo, Miguel (24 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://praza.gal/movementos-sociais/10042/a-teima-en-triacastela-non-evita-o-esmorecemento-das-touradas-en-galicia/">"A teima en Triacastela non-evita o esmorecemento das touradas en Galicia"</a>. <i>Praza Pública</i> (in Galician). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170821130055/http://praza.gal/movementos-sociais/10042/a-teima-en-triacastela-non-evita-o-esmorecemento-das-touradas-en-galicia/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Praza+P%C3%BAblica&rft.atitle=A+teima+en+Triacastela+non-evita+o+esmorecemento+das+touradas+en+Galicia&rft.date=2015-08-24&rft.aulast=Pardo&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpraza.gal%2Fmovementos-sociais%2F10042%2Fa-teima-en-triacastela-non-evita-o-esmorecemento-das-touradas-en-galicia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://praza.gal/movementos-sociais/10218/a-deputacion-declara-pontevedra-libre-de-touradas-e-da-outro-paso-para-a-abolicion-en-galicia/">"A Deputación declara Pontevedra libre de touradas e dá outro paso para a abolición en Galicia"</a>. <i>Praza Pública</i> (in Galician). 26 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181130113413/http://praza.gal/movementos-sociais/10218/a-deputacion-declara-pontevedra-libre-de-touradas-e-da-outro-paso-para-a-abolicion-en-galicia">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Praza+P%C3%BAblica&rft.atitle=A+Deputaci%C3%B3n+declara+Pontevedra+libre+de+touradas+e+d%C3%A1+outro+paso+para+a+abolici%C3%B3n+en+Galicia&rft.date=2015-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpraza.gal%2Fmovementos-sociais%2F10218%2Fa-deputacion-declara-pontevedra-libre-de-touradas-e-da-outro-paso-para-a-abolicion-en-galicia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://praza.gal/movementos-sociais/10126/a-deputacion-da-coruna-pide-por-ampla-maioria-a-abolicion-das-touradas/">"A Deputación da Coruña pide por ampla maioría a abolición das touradas"</a>. <i>Praza Pública</i> (in Galician). 11 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180812214649/http://praza.gal/movementos-sociais/10126/a-deputacion-da-coruna-pide-por-ampla-maioria-a-abolicion-das-touradas/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Praza+P%C3%BAblica&rft.atitle=A+Deputaci%C3%B3n+da+Coru%C3%B1a+pide+por+ampla+maior%C3%ADa+a+abolici%C3%B3n+das+touradas&rft.date=2015-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpraza.gal%2Fmovementos-sociais%2F10126%2Fa-deputacion-da-coruna-pide-por-ampla-maioria-a-abolicion-das-touradas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/gran-camino/2022/gc">"Gran Camiño 2022 Stage 4 (ITT) results"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gran+Cami%C3%B1o+2022+Stage+4+%28ITT%29+results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.procyclingstats.com%2Frace%2Fgran-camino%2F2022%2Fgc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=531969343483189&set=pb.525085460838244.-2207520000.1351771499&type=3&theater">"Artigo aparecido no "Faro de Vigo" (edição Ponte Vedra) no 24/10/2012. Agradece-se imenso e aguardamos que atraia muitos e muitas jogadores e jogadoras, embora há que matizar que: – A primeira foto mostra o treino inaugural da 'Suévia' de Compostela, onde participaram alguns/algumas membros dos 'Corvos' e 'Fillos de Breogán' (de facto, a primeira equipa de futebol gaélico na Galiza). – A segunda foto é do jogo entre a Galiza e a Bretanha (Breizh), não Grã Bretanha. – Em nenhum momento se falou duma liga na comarca, mas duma hipotética (e desejada) liga nacional galega se algum dia houver equipas avondo, a organizar entre todas. – Em nenhum momento se falou de "precisar" as instituições (tão só uma referência a uma solicitude de campo mal sucedida, sem mais). – Em nenhum momento Xoán falou em espanhol, sendo as suas palavras traduzidas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Faro_de_Vigo" title="Faro de Vigo">Faro de Vigo</a></i> (in Spanish). 24 October 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101021950/https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=531969343483189&set=pb.525085460838244.-2207520000.1351771499&type=3&theater)">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Faro+de+Vigo&rft.atitle=Artigo+aparecido+no+%22Faro+de+Vigo%22+%28edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Ponte+Vedra%29+no+24%2F10%2F2012.+Agradece-se+imenso+e+aguardamos+que+atraia+muitos+e+muitas+jogadores+e+jogadoras%2C+embora+h%C3%A1+que+matizar+que%3A+%E2%80%93+A+primeira+foto+mostra+o+treino+inaugural+da+%27Su%C3%A9via%27+de+Compostela%2C+onde+participaram+alguns%2Falgumas+membros+dos+%27Corvos%27+e+%27Fillos+de+Breog%C3%A1n%27+%28de+facto%2C+a+primeira+equipa+de+futebol+ga%C3%A9lico+na+Galiza%29.+%E2%80%93+A+segunda+foto+%C3%A9+do+jogo+entre+a+Galiza+e+a+Bretanha+%28Breizh%29%2C+n%C3%A3o+Gr%C3%A3+Bretanha.+%E2%80%93+Em+nenhum+momento+se+falou+duma+liga+na+comarca%2C+mas+duma+hipot%C3%A9tica+%28e+desejada%29+liga+nacional+galega+se+algum+dia+houver+equipas+avondo%2C+a+organizar+entre+todas.+%E2%80%93+Em+nenhum+momento+se+falou+de+%22precisar%22+as+institui%C3%A7%C3%B5es+%28t%C3%A3o+s%C3%B3+uma+refer%C3%AAncia+a+uma+solicitude+de+campo+mal+sucedida%2C+sem+mais%29.+%E2%80%93+Em+nenhum+momento+Xo%C3%A1n+falou+em+espanhol%2C+sendo+as+suas+palavras+traduzidas.&rft.date=2012-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto.php%3Ffbid%3D531969343483189%26set%3Dpb.525085460838244.-2207520000.1351771499%26type%3D3%26theater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRíos2012" class="citation news cs1">Ríos, Raúl (14 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccaa.elpais.com/ccaa/2012/08/14/galicia/1344973293_029054.html">"Galicia juega al fútbol irlandés"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i>. Santiago de Compostela: <a href="/wiki/Prisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisa">Prisa</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222022144/http://ccaa.elpais.com/ccaa/2012/08/14/galicia/1344973293_029054.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Galicia+juega+al+f%C3%BAtbol+irland%C3%A9s&rft.date=2012-08-14&rft.aulast=R%C3%ADos&rft.aufirst=Ra%C3%BAl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccaa.elpais.com%2Fccaa%2F2012%2F08%2F14%2Fgalicia%2F1344973293_029054.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=137102">"Galicia Peak"</a>. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612032540/http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=137102">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Galicia+Peak&rft.pub=SCAR+Composite+Antarctic+Gazetteer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.aad.gov.au%2Faadc%2Fgaz%2Fscar%2Fdisplay_name.cfm%3Fgaz_id%3D137102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalicia+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bell, Aubrey F. B. (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/spanishgalicia00bellrich#page/n7/mode/2up"><i>Spanish Galicia</i></a>. London: John Lane The Bodley Head Ltd.</li> <li>Meakin, Annette M. B. (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/galiciaswitzerla00meakuoft#page/n7/mode/2up"><i>Galicia: The Switzerland of Spain</i></a>. London: Methuen & Co.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" 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href="/wiki/Template:Galicia_topics" title="Template:Galicia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Galicia_topics" title="Template talk:Galicia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Galicia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Galicia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Galicia_articles148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Galicia</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Iberia" title="Prehistoric Iberia">Prehistoric Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suebic_Kingdom_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Suebic Kingdom of Galicia">Suebic Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Galicia" title="Republic of Galicia">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modern Galicia (page does not exist)">Modern Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Region_Galicia-North_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro-Region Galicia-North Portugal">Euroregion</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Galicia_(Spain)" title="Coat of arms of Galicia (Spain)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="1232" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of Galicia (page does not exist)">Climate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comarcas_of_Galicia" title="Comarcas of Galicia">Comarcas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extreme_points_of_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extreme points of Galicia (page does not exist)">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forests_of_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forests of Galicia (page does not exist)">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_islands_of_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of islands of Galicia (page does not exist)">Islands</a></li> <li>Municipalities (<a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="List of municipalities in A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Lugo" title="List of municipalities in Lugo">Lugo</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ourense" title="List of municipalities in Ourense">Ourense</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Pontevedra" title="List of municipalities in Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinces of Galicia (page does not exist)">Provinces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Statute_of_Autonomy_of_1981" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician Statute of Autonomy of 1981">1981 Statute of Autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elections in Galicia (page does not exist)">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunta_de_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xunta de Galicia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Galicia" title="Parliament of Galicia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Galicia" title="List of political parties in Galicia">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Galicia_(Spain)" title="Category:Companies based in Galicia (Spain)">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_and_technology_in_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science and technology in Galicia (page does not exist)">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Galicia (page does not exist)">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Galicia (page does not exist)">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Galicia (page does not exist)">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_wine" title="Galician wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demographics of Galicia (page does not exist)">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Galicia (page does not exist)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in Galicia (page does not exist)">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Galicia_(Spain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culture of Galicia (Spain) (page does not exist)">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galician_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galician architecture (page does not exist)">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galician_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galician art (page does not exist)">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Galicia" title="Cinema of Galicia">Cinema of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_cuisine" title="Galician cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Festas_of_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Festas of Galicia (page does not exist)">Festas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician-language_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-language literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Galicia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_mythology" title="Galician mythology">Myths and legends</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sport_in_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sport in Galicia (page does not exist)">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_wine" title="Galician wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Galicia_(Spain)" title="Category:Galicia (Spain)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autonomous_communities_of_Spain315" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Autonomous_communities_of_Spain315" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/23px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/35px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/45px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/23px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/35px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/46px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/20px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/30px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/39px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Galicia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/23px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/35px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/45px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="340" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/96px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/128px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_cities_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous cities of Spain">Autonomous cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/45px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Vélez de la Gomera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_the_Spanish_Costas55" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ourense">Diocese of Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tui-Vigo" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tui-Vigo">Diocese of Tui-Vigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela">Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Mondo%C3%B1edo-Ferrol" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol">Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Lugo" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Lugo">Diocese of Lugo</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/35px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/53px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/70px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, 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Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrol, Galicia">Ferrol</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Galicia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Galicia"><img alt="Flag of Galicia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/75px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Comarcas_of_Galicia151" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Comarcas_of_Galicia" title="Template:Comarcas of Galicia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Comarcas_of_Galicia" title="Template 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title="Bergantiños">Bergantiños</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betanzos_(comarca)" title="Betanzos (comarca)">Betanzos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a_(comarca)" title="A Coruña (comarca)">A Coruña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Eume" title="O Eume">O Eume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrol_(comarca)" title="Ferrol (comarca)">Ferrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisterra_(comarca)" title="Fisterra (comarca)">Fisterra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muros_(comarca)" title="Muros (comarca)">Muros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noia_(comarca)" title="Noia (comarca)">Noia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordes_(comarca)" title="Ordes (comarca)">Ordes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortegal" title="Ortegal">Ortegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_(comarca)" title="Santiago (comarca)">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Sar" title="O Sar">O Sar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_de_Melide" title="Terra de Melide">Terra de Melide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_de_Soneira" title="Terra de Soneira">Terra de Soneira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xallas" title="Xallas">Xallas</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Galicia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Galicia"><img alt="Flag of Galicia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/75px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lugo" title="Province of Lugo">Lugo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Os_Ancares" title="Os Ancares">Os Ancares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantada_(comarca)" title="Chantada (comarca)">Chantada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Fonsagrada_(comarca)" title="A Fonsagrada (comarca)">A Fonsagrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugo_(comarca)" title="Lugo (comarca)">Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Mari%C3%B1a_Central" title="A Mariña Central">A Mariña Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Mari%C3%B1a_Occidental" title="A Mariña Occidental">A Mariña Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Mari%C3%B1a_Oriental" title="A Mariña Oriental">A Mariña Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meira_(comarca)" title="Meira (comarca)">Meira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiroga_(comarca)" title="Quiroga (comarca)">Quiroga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarria_(comarca)" title="Sarria (comarca)">Sarria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Ch%C3%A1" title="Terra Chá">Terra Chá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_de_Lemos" title="Terra de Lemos">Terra de Lemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Ulloa" title="A Ulloa">A Ulloa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ourense" title="Province of Ourense">Ourense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allariz_%E2%80%93_Maceda" title="Allariz – Maceda">Allariz – Maceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Baixa_Limia" title="A Baixa Limia">A Baixa Limia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Carballi%C3%B1o_(comarca)" title="O Carballiño (comarca)">O Carballiño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Limia" title="A Limia">A Limia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourense_(comarca)" title="Ourense (comarca)">Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Ribeiro" title="O Ribeiro">O Ribeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_de_Caldelas" title="Terra de Caldelas">Terra de Caldelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_de_Celanova" title="Terra de Celanova">Terra de Celanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_de_Trives" title="Terra de Trives">Terra de Trives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdeorras" title="Valdeorras">Valdeorras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ver%C3%ADn_(comarca)" title="Verín (comarca)">Verín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viana_(comarca)" title="Viana (comarca)">Viana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pontevedra" title="Province of Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O_Baixo_Mi%C3%B1o" title="O Baixo Miño">O Baixo Miño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldas_(comarca)" title="Caldas (comarca)">Caldas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Condado" title="O Condado">O Condado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Deza" title="O Deza">O Deza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Morrazo" title="O Morrazo">O Morrazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Paradanta" title="A Paradanta">A Paradanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra_(comarca)" title="Pontevedra (comarca)">Pontevedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Saln%C3%A9s" title="O Salnés">O Salnés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabeir%C3%B3s_%E2%80%93_Terra_de_Montes" title="Tabeirós – Terra de Montes">Tabeirós – Terra de Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigo_(comarca)" title="Vigo (comarca)">Vigo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_of_Galicia101" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_Galicia" title="Template:Protected areas of Galicia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Protected areas of Galicia (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_Galicia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of Galicia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_Galicia101" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Protected areas of Galicia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">National park</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Islands_of_Galicia_National_Park" title="Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park">Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_park_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural park (Spain)">Natural parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fragas_do_Eume" title="Fragas do Eume">Fragas do Eume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Aloia" title="Monte Aloia">Monte Aloia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O_Invernadeiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O Invernadeiro (page does not exist)">O Invernadeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baixa_Limia_%E2%80%93_Serra_do_Xur%C3%A9s" title="Baixa Limia – Serra do Xurés">Baixa Limia – Serra do Xurés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunes_of_Corrubedo_Natural_Park" title="Dunes of Corrubedo Natural Park">Dunes of Corrubedo Natural Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serra_da_Enci%C3%B1a_da_Lastra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serra da Enciña da Lastra (page does not exist)">Serra da Enciña da Lastra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_monument" title="Natural monument">Natural monument</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As_Catedrais_beach" title="As Catedrais beach">As Catedrais beach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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