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id="toc-Summary_table" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_table"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Summary table </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_table-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Timeline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Level_of_preparation_for_acquis_chapters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Level_of_preparation_for_acquis_chapters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Level of preparation for acquis chapters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Level_of_preparation_for_acquis_chapters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_situation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_situation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.1 Current situation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_situation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progress_over_the_past_year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progress_over_the_past_year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.2 Progress over the past year </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progress_over_the_past_year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_not_on_the_agenda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_not_on_the_agenda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 States not on the agenda </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-States_not_on_the_agenda-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle States not on the agenda subsection </button> <ul id="toc-States_not_on_the_agenda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Armenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Armenia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iceland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iceland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Iceland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iceland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_proposals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_proposals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Other proposals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_proposals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_enlargement_scenarios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_enlargement_scenarios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Internal enlargement scenarios </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Internal_enlargement_scenarios-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Internal enlargement scenarios subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Internal_enlargement_scenarios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Basque_Country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basque_Country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Basque Country </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basque_Country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catalonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catalonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Catalonia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catalonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corsica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corsica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Corsica </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corsica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flanders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flanders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Flanders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flanders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sardinia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sardinia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Sardinia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sardinia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veneto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veneto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Veneto </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veneto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_state_expansion_scenarios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_state_expansion_scenarios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Member state expansion scenarios </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Member_state_expansion_scenarios-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Member state expansion scenarios subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Member_state_expansion_scenarios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Cyprus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Romania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possible_incorporation_of_special_member_state_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_incorporation_of_special_member_state_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Possible incorporation of special member state territories </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Possible_incorporation_of_special_member_state_territories-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Possible incorporation of special member state territories subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Possible_incorporation_of_special_member_state_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Danish_self-governing_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danish_self-governing_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Danish self-governing territories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Danish_self-governing_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Faroe_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faroe_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Faroe Islands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faroe_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greenland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greenland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 Greenland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greenland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dutch_Caribbean_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_Caribbean_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Dutch Caribbean territories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch_Caribbean_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_overseas_departments_and_collectivities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_overseas_departments_and_collectivities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 French overseas departments and collectivities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_overseas_departments_and_collectivities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Caledonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Caledonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 New Caledonia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Caledonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Potential enlargement of the European Union</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" > 20 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="التوسيع المستقبلي المرتقب للاتحاد الأوروبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التوسيع المستقبلي المرتقب للاتحاد الأوروبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avropa_%C4%B0ttifaq%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_g%C9%99l%C9%99c%C9%99kd%C9%99_geni%C5%9Fl%C9%99nm%C9%99si" title="Avropa İttifaqının gələcəkdə genişlənməsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avropa İttifaqının gələcəkdə genişlənməsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%9E_%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Краіны-кандыдаты ў Еўрапейскі Саюз – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Краіны-кандыдаты ў Еўрапейскі Саюз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beitrittskandidaten_der_Europ%C3%A4ischen_Union" title="Beitrittskandidaten der Europäischen Union – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Beitrittskandidaten der Europäischen Union" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopa_Liidu_tulevane_laienemine" title="Euroopa Liidu tulevane laienemine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Euroopa Liidu tulevane laienemine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%88%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Πιθανή διεύρυνση της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πιθανή διεύρυνση της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampliaci%C3%B3n_potencial_de_la_Uni%C3%B3n_Europea" title="Ampliación potencial de la Unión Europea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ampliación potencial de la Unión Europea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandidatoj_por_ali%C4%9Do_al_la_E%C5%ADropa_Unio" title="Kandidatoj por aliĝo al la Eŭropa Unio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kandidatoj por aliĝo al la Eŭropa Unio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futur_%C3%A9largissement_de_l%27Union_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Futur élargissement de l'Union européenne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Futur élargissement de l'Union européenne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1_%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Եվրոպական միության հետագա ընդլայնում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եվրոպական միության հետագա ընդլայնում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allargamento_futuro_dell%27Unione_europea" title="Allargamento futuro dell'Unione europea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Allargamento futuro dell'Unione europea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Идно проширување на Европската Унија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Идно проширување на Европската Унија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevropa_Ittifoqining_yanada_kengayishi" title="Yevropa Ittifoqining yanada kengayishi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yevropa Ittifoqining yanada kengayishi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwa_kandyduj%C4%85ce_do_Unii_Europejskiej" title="Państwa kandydujące do Unii Europejskiej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Państwa kandydujące do Unii Europejskiej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alargamento_futuro_da_Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia" title="Alargamento futuro da União Europeia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alargamento futuro da União Europeia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Дальнейшее расширение Европейского союза – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дальнейшее расширение Европейского союза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencialna_%C5%A1iritev_Evropske_unije" title="Potencialna širitev Evropske unije – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Potencialna širitev Evropske unije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/125px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/188px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/250px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member states</a> (27)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Candidate countries</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Ukraine</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Countries with suspended accession negotiations</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Turkey</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Applicant countries</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">Kosovo</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_states_participating_in_the_European_integration" class="mw-redirect" title="Special territories of states participating in the European integration">Special territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Belgium–Germany relations">Belgium–Germany relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="France–Germany relations">France–Germany relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Germany–Netherlands relations">Germany–Netherlands relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_three" title="EU three">EU 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawal from the European Union</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties and Declarations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schuman_Declaration" title="Schuman Declaration">Schuman Declaration</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1951)" title="Treaty of Paris (1951)">Treaty of Paris</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Declaration" title="Europe Declaration">Europe Declaration</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaak_Report" title="Spaak Report">Spaak Report</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty of Rome</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euratom_Treaty" title="Euratom Treaty">Euratom Treaty</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merger_Treaty" title="Merger Treaty">Merger Treaty</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Declaration_on_European_Union" title="Solemn Declaration on European Union">Solemn Declaration</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_European_Act" title="Single European Act">Single European Act</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amsterdam" title="Treaty of Amsterdam">Treaty of Amsterdam</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Treaty of Nice</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_(2007)" title="Berlin Declaration (2007)">Berlin Declaration</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> (2007) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_7_of_the_Treaty_on_European_Union" title="Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union">Article 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Article 50</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union" title="Opt-outs in the European Union">Opt-outs</a></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Treaties of accession</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1972" title="Treaty of Accession 1972">1972</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1979" title="Treaty of Accession 1979">1979</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1985" title="Treaty of Accession 1985">1985</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1994" title="Treaty of Accession 1994">1994</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2003" title="Treaty of Accession 2003">2003</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2005" title="Treaty of Accession 2005">2005</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2011" title="Treaty of Accession 2011">2011</a></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Treaties of succession</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Greenland_from_the_European_Communities" title="Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Communities">1984</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">2020</a></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Other treaties</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Agreement</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area Agreement</a> (1992)</li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Abandoned treaties and agreements</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe" title="Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe">European Constitution</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_United_Kingdom_renegotiation_of_European_Union_membership" title="2015–2016 United Kingdom renegotiation of European Union membership">UK membership renegotiation</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Executive institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa" title="António Costa">Costa</a> (PES) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Council#Political_parties" title="European Council">Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Council_meetings" title="List of European Council meetings">List of meetings</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission_II" title="Von der Leyen Commission II">Von der Leyen Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Von der Leyen</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner">College of Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Civil_Service" title="European Civil Service">Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_European_Commission" title="Secretary-General of the European Commission">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ilze_Juhansone" title="Ilze Juhansone"> Juhansone</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">Legislative institutions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">Legislative procedure</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the EU</a> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency</a></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/2025_Polish_Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="2025 Polish Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Poland</a></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">(<a href="/wiki/2025_Polish_Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="2025 Polish Presidency of the Council of the European Union">January–June 2025</a>) </div></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Configurations</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Affairs_Council" title="General Affairs Council">GAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">FAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Financial_Affairs_Council" title="Economic and Financial Affairs Council">ECOFIN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Fisheries_Council" title="Agriculture and Fisheries Council">AGRIFISH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment,_Social_Policy,_Health_and_Consumer_Affairs_Council" title="Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council">EPSCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitiveness_Council_(COMPET)" title="Competitiveness Council (COMPET)">COMPET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport,_Telecommunications_and_Energy_Council" title="Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council">TTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_Council" title="Environment Council">ENVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Home_Affairs_Council" title="Justice and Home Affairs Council">JHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education,_Youth,_Culture_and_Sport_Council" title="Education, Youth, Culture and Sport Council">EYC</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Voting in the Council of the European Union">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretariat_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union">Secretariat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Blanchet" title="Thérèse Blanchet">Thérèse Blanchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_directorates-general_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of directorates-general of the Council of the European Union">Directorates-general</a></li></ul></li> <li>Council preparatory bodies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Permanent_Representatives" title="Committee of Permanent Representatives">COREPER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_Working_Party" title="Council Working Party">Council Working Parties</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(2024%E2%80%932029)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (2024–2029)">Members</a>)</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Metsola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Largest groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group" class="mw-redirect" title="European People's Party group">EPP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manfred_Weber" title="Manfred Weber">Manfred Weber</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&D</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iratxe_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Iratxe García">Iratxe García</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_European_Parliament" title="Tenth European Parliament">10th session</a> (2024–2029)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Bureau of the European Parliament">Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Vice-President of the European Parliament">Vice Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestor_(European_Parliament)" title="Quaestor (European Parliament)">Quaestor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Presidents_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament">Conference</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/National_parliaments_of_the_European_Union" title="National parliaments of the European Union">National parliaments</a></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Judicial institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the EU</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Court_of_Justice" title="List of members of the European Court of Justice">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocate_General_(European_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advocate General (European Union)">Advocates General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Court_of_Justice_rulings" title="List of European Court of Justice rulings">Rulings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Court_(European_Union)" title="General Court (European Union)">General Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Auditory institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Other auditory bodies</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Audit_Service_(European_Commission)" title="Internal Audit Service (European Commission)">Internal Audit Service of the Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Budgetary_Control" title="European Parliament Committee on Budgetary Control"> Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Financial_Affairs_Council" title="Economic and Financial Affairs Council">Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Anti-Fraud_Office" title="European Anti-Fraud Office">Anti-Fraud Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Public_Prosecutor%27s_Office" title="European Public Prosecutor's Office">Public Prosecutor's Office</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="President of the European Central Bank">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Lagarde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Central_Banks" title="European System of Central Banks">ESCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">EMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_banknotes" title="Euro banknotes">Euro banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_coins" title="Euro coins">Euro coins</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Other bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">European Investment Bank Group</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Fund" title="European Investment Fund">Investment Fund</a></li> <li>EIB Institute</li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">European Stability Mechanism</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">European Stability Mechanism</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">European University Institute</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Unified Patent Court</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Patent_Court" title="Unified Patent Court">Unified Patent Court</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Agencies,_decentralised_independent_bodies_and_joint_undertakings_of_the_European_Union_and_the_Euratom" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom">Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings</a></div> <ul><li>Decentralised agencies of the EU <ul><li>Single market agencies</li> <li>CFSP agencies</li> <li>AFSC agencies</li> <li>ESFS <a href="/wiki/European_Supervisory_Authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="European Supervisory Authorities">European Supervisory Authorities</a></li> <li>SRM bodies</li></ul></li> <li>Executive agencies of the EU</li> <li>Euratom agencies</li> <li>Decentralised independent bodies of the EU <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Institute_of_Innovation_and_Technology" title="European Institute of Innovation and Technology">European Institute of Innovation and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Public_Prosecutor%27s_Office" title="European Public Prosecutor's Office">European Public Prosecutor's Office</a></li></ul></li> <li>Corporate bodies of the EU <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Board" title="European Data Protection Board">European Data Protection Board</a></li> <li>Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations</li></ul></li> <li>Joint undertakings <ul><li>of the EU</li> <li>of the Euratom</li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Other independent bodies</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Supervisor" title="European Data Protection Supervisor">European Data Protection Supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Ombudsman" title="European Ombudsman">European Ombudsman</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Advisory_bodies_to_the_European_Union" title="Advisory bodies to the European Union">Advisory bodies</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="European Committee of the Regions">European Committee of the Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_and_Social_Committee" title="European Economic and Social Committee">European Economic and Social Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Committee" title="European Union Military Committee">European Union Military Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Space Council</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Inter-institutional bodies</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Publications_Office_of_the_European_Union" title="Publications Office of the European Union">Publications Office of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">European External Action Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Personnel_Selection_Office" title="European Personnel Selection Office">European Personnel Selection Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Anti-Fraud_Office" title="European Anti-Fraud Office">Anti-Fraud Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Administrative_School" class="mw-redirect" title="European Administrative School">European Administrative School</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">Euratom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Euratom members</div> <div><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Associated states</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_European_Union" title="Nuclear power in the European Union">Nuclear power in the European Union</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Euratom.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Euratom since 1 January 2021"><img alt="Euratom since 1 January 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Euratom.svg/200px-Euratom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Euratom.svg/300px-Euratom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Euratom.svg/400px-Euratom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Euratom since 1 January 2021</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone members</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a></div> <ul><li>President <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paschal_Donohoe" title="Paschal Donohoe">Paschal Donohoe</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Currencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Currencies of the European Union">Other currencies in use</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_lev" title="Bulgarian lev">Bulgarian lev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Czech_koruna" title="Czech koruna">Czech koruna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Danish krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_forint" title="Hungarian forint">Hungarian forint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Polish_z%C5%82oty" title="Polish złoty">Polish złoty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">Romanian leu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">Swedish krona</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Exchange_Rate_Mechanism" title="European Exchange Rate Mechanism">ERM II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_eurozone" title="Enlargement of the eurozone">Enlargement of the eurozone</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Non Euro countries relationship to Euro</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_and_the_euro" title="Bulgaria and the euro">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_and_the_euro" title="Czech Republic and the euro">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_and_the_euro" title="Denmark and the euro">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_and_the_euro" title="Hungary and the euro">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_and_the_euro" title="Poland and the euro">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_and_the_euro" title="Sweden and the euro">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_and_the_euro" title="Romania and the euro">Romania</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurozone.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eurozone since 2015"><img alt="Eurozone since 2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/200px-Eurozone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/300px-Eurozone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/400px-Eurozone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Eurozone since 2015</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Non-EU members</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BCm_Convention" title="Prüm Convention">Prüm Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Information_System" title="Schengen Information System">Schengen Information System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Information_System" title="Visa Information System">Visa Information System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Schengen_Area" title="Visa policy of the Schengen Area">Visa policy of the Schengen Area</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Non-Schengen area EU member states</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> (Opt-out)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Schengen Area from January 2023"><img alt="Schengen Area from January 2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg/200px-Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg/300px-Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg/400px-Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Schengen Area from January 2023</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">EEA members</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> (provisional member)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Non-EU members</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Topics</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EEA_Joint_Committee" title="EEA Joint Committee">EEA Joint Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_identity_cards_in_the_European_Economic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="National identity cards in the European Economic Area">EEA National Identity cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">Microstates and the European Union</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EEA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="European Economic Area"><img alt="European Economic Area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EEA.svg/200px-EEA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EEA.svg/300px-EEA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EEA.svg/400px-EEA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>European Economic Area</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections to the European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_foundation" title="European political foundation">European foundations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Political groups of the European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzenkandidat" title="Spitzenkandidat">Spitzenkandidat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apportionment_in_the_European_Parliament" title="Apportionment in the European Parliament">Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_related_to_the_European_Union" title="Referendums related to the European Union">Referendums related to the EU</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">European elections</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election" title="1984 European Parliament election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election" title="1989 European Parliament election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election" title="1994 European Parliament election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election" title="1999 European Parliament election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election" title="2004 European Parliament election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election" title="2014 European Parliament election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">2024 (latest election)</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Elections in EU member states</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Austria" title="Elections in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belgium" title="Elections in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bulgaria" title="Elections in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Croatia" title="Elections in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cyprus" title="Elections in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Elections in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Denmark" title="Elections in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Estonia" title="Elections in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Finland" title="Elections in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany" title="Elections in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Greece" title="Elections in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hungary" title="Elections in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Elections in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Latvia" title="Elections in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lithuania" title="Elections in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Luxembourg" title="Elections in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malta" title="Elections in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Poland" title="Elections in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Portugal" title="Elections in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovakia" title="Elections in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovenia" title="Elections in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sweden" title="Elections in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">Law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">Acquis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_European_Union_law" title="Primacy of European Union law">Primacy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Costa_v_ENEL" title="Costa v ENEL">ECJ Case 6/64</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity_(European_Union)" title="Subsidiarity (European Union)">Subsidiarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_(European_Union)" title="Regulation (European Union)">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">Directive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_(European_Union)" title="Decision (European Union)">Decision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recommendation_(European_Union)" title="Recommendation (European Union)">Recommendation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Fundamental_Rights_of_the_European_Union" title="Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union">Fundamental Rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies and issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">Customs Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union free trade agreements">Free Trade Agreements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Single_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="European Single Market">European Single Market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_freedom,_security_and_justice" title="Area of freedom, security and justice">Area of FS&J</a></li></ul></li> <li>Policies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Energy policy of the European Union">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Regional policy of the European Union">Regional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">Citizenship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passports_of_the_European_Union" title="Passports of the European Union">Passports of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_identity" title="Pan-European identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_banking_union" title="European banking union">European banking union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Banking_Supervision" title="European Banking Supervision">European Banking Supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Resolution_Mechanism" title="Single Resolution Mechanism">Single Resolution Mechanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Markets_Union" title="Capital Markets Union">Capital Markets Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Financial_Supervision" title="European System of Financial Supervision">European System of Financial Supervision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">Integration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation">European Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-speed_Europe" title="Multi-speed Europe">Multi-speed Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_cooperation" title="Enhanced cooperation">Enhanced cooperation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaja_Kallas" title="Kaja Kallas">Kaja Kallas</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">Ext. Action Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy">Foreign Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Defence Policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Foreign relations of EU member states</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Austria" title="Foreign relations of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Belgium" title="Foreign relations of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bulgaria" title="Foreign relations of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Croatia" title="Foreign relations of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Denmark" title="Foreign relations of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Estonia" title="Foreign relations of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Finland" title="Foreign relations of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_France" title="Foreign relations of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Foreign relations of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Greece" title="Foreign relations of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hungary" title="Foreign relations of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ireland" title="Foreign relations of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Latvia" title="Foreign relations of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lithuania" title="Foreign relations of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Luxembourg" title="Foreign relations of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Poland" title="Foreign relations of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Portugal" title="Foreign relations of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Slovakia" title="Foreign relations of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Slovenia" title="Foreign relations of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain" title="Foreign relations of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sweden" title="Foreign relations of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Argentina–European Union relations">Argentina–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Armenia–European Union relations">Armenia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Australia–European Union relations">Australia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Brazil–European Union relations">Brazil–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Canada–European Union relations">Canada–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">China–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">European Union–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">Georgia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iceland–European Union relations">Iceland–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Kazakhstan–European Union relations">Kazakhstan–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Japan–European Union relations">Japan–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Mexico–European Union relations">Mexico–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Moldova–European Union relations">Moldova–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Norway–European Union relations">Norway–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Russia–European Union relations">Russia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">Switzerland–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="European Union–Turkey relations">Turkey–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">Ukraine–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">United Kingdom–European Union relations</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Union" title="United Kingdom membership of the European Union">History</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Brexit_United_Kingdom_relations_with_the_European_Union" title="Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union">Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States–European Union relations">United States–European Union relations</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">Microstates and the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="European Union and the United Nations">European Union and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">European Union Association Agreement</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Seven">G7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Defunct bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> (1958–1993) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community">European Coal and Steel Community</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Future_of_Europe" title="Convention on the Future of Europe">Convention on the Future of Europe</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Politics of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Politics of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> There are currently nine states recognized as candidates for <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">membership</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>: <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Georgia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Georgia to the European Union">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Turkey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">Kosovo</a> (the independence of which is <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Kosovo" title="International recognition of Kosovo">not recognised by five EU member states</a>) formally submitted its application for membership in 2022 and is considered a potential candidate by the European Union. Due to multiple factors, talks with Turkey are at an effective standstill since December 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Hahn-2">[2]</a> Six candidates are currently engaged in active negotiations: Montenegro (since 2012), Serbia (since 2014), Albania (since 2020), North Macedonia (since 2020), Moldova and Ukraine (since 2024). The most advanced stage of the negotiations, defined as meeting the interim benchmarks for <a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire#Chapters" title="Acquis communautaire">negotiating chapters 23 and 24</a>, after which the closing process for all chapters can begin, has only been reached by Montenegro.<a href="#cite_note-Montenegro_in_Closing_Phase-3">[3]</a> Montenegro's declared political goal is to complete its negotiations by the end of 2026, and achieve membership of the EU by 2028.<a href="#cite_note-Montenegro2028-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Montenegro2028PM-5">[5]</a> The accession criteria are included in the <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_criteria" title="Copenhagen criteria">Copenhagen criteria</a>, agreed in 1993, and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Maastricht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Maastricht">Treaty of Maastricht</a> (Article 49). Article 49 of the Maastricht Treaty (as amended) says that any <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263642342">.mw-parser-output .inline-quote{quotes:none}.mw-parser-output .inline-quote-italic{font-family:inherit;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .inline-quote-marks{quotes:"\"""\""}</style><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">European state</q> that respects the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law</q>, may apply to join the EU. Whether a country is European or not is subject to <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_criteria#Geographic_criteria" title="Copenhagen criteria">political assessment</a> by the EU institutions.<a href="#cite_note-briefing23-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Past enlargement</a> since the foundation of the European Union as the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Six" title="Inner Six">Inner Six</a> states in 1958<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> brought total membership of the EU to twenty-eight, although as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">withdrawal of the United Kingdom</a>, the current number of EU member states is twenty-seven. Of the four major <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">western European</a> countries that are not EU members, <a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Norway–European Union relations">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Iceland_to_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession of Iceland to the European Union">Iceland</a> have submitted membership applications in the past but subsequently frozen or withdrawn them, while the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> is a former member. Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, as well as <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, participate in the <a href="/wiki/EU_Single_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="EU Single Market">EU Single Market</a> and also in the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>, which makes them closely aligned with the EU; none, however, are in the <a href="/wiki/EU_Customs_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="EU Customs Union">EU Customs Union</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_agenda_and_applicants">Current agenda and applicants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Current agenda and applicants">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_member_states_and_candidates_v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/European_Union_member_states_and_candidates_v2.svg/285px-European_Union_member_states_and_candidates_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="285" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/European_Union_member_states_and_candidates_v2.svg/428px-European_Union_member_states_and_candidates_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/European_Union_member_states_and_candidates_v2.svg/570px-European_Union_member_states_and_candidates_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Current members (27)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Candidates negotiating (6)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Candidates (2)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Applicant (1)<a href="#cite_note-8">[a]</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Candidate with frozen negotiations (1)</div></figcaption></figure> As of 2025, the enlargement agenda of the European Union regards three distinct groups of states: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans#Western_Balkans" title="Balkans">Western Balkans</a>: <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_Trio" title="Association Trio">Association Trio</a>: <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> These states have all submitted applications for accession to the EU, which is the first step of a long multi-year process. They must subsequently negotiate the specific terms of their <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession" title="Treaty of Accession">Treaty of Accession</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">current EU member states</a>, and align their domestic legislation with the <a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">accepted body of EU law (acquis communautaire)</a>, along with ensuring an appropriate level of implementation thereof, before joining. There are <a href="#States_not_on_the_agenda">other potential member states in Europe</a> that are not formally part of the current enlargement agenda, either due to having a domestic political debate on potential membership, or having withdrawn a previous membership or application for membership. These other potential member states could be included on the enlargement agenda at some point of time in the future, if their foreign policy changes and paves the way for submitting an application, and EU subsequently recognises them as an applicant or candidate. Historically the norm was for enlargements to consist of multiple entrants simultaneously joining the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> (1958–1993) and <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> (since 1993). The only previous enlargements of a single state were the 1981 admission of Greece and the 2013 admission of Croatia. However, following the significant effect of <a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">the fifth enlargement in 2004</a>, EU member states have decided that a more individualized approach will be adopted in the future, although the entry of pairs or small groups of countries may coincide.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Procedure_to_become_an_EU_member_state">Procedure to become an EU member state</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Procedure to become an EU member state">edit</a>]</div> For an applicant to become a member state of the EU, several <a href="#Timeline">procedural steps</a> need to get passed. These steps will move the status of the state from applicant (potential candidate) to candidate, and later again to a negotiating candidate. The status as a negotiating candidate is reached by the mutual signing of a negotiation framework at a first intergovernmental conference. The start of substantial negotiations with the EU, is subsequently marked by the opening of the first negotiating chapters at a second intergovernmental conference. Every 35 chapters of <a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">the accepted body of EU law</a> (divided into 6 clusters) must be opened and closed during subsequent additional intergovernmental conferences, for a state to conclude the negotiations by the signing of an accession treaty. After a reform in 2020, the 35 chapters have been divided into six main clusters, where all five chapters of the first cluster are supposed to be opened together at the same time. The opening of chapters, which after the reform occur with several chapters opened together cluster-wise, can only happen by a unanimous decision by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> once the screening procedure report has been completed for the specific chapters (outlining all needed legislative changes to comply with EU law), while there can also be set some "opening benchmarks" requiring a certain amount of legislative changes/implementation to be met even before the opening of the chapters. The closure of a chapter is done provisionally by a unanimous decision by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> once the state demonstrates to have implemented and aligned their domestic legislation with the EU law, for each specific chapter in concern. There are no requirement for completion of the screening procedure for all 35 <a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">negotiating chapters</a>, before the start of the first and second intergovernmental conference.<a href="#cite_note-UKRMOLscreening-10">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_Balkans">Western Balkans</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Western Balkans">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Strategy_for_the_Western_Balkans" title="Strategy for the Western Balkans">Strategy for the Western Balkans</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Slovenia_to_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession of Slovenia to the European Union">Accession of Slovenia to the European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Croatia_to_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession of Croatia to the European Union">Accession of Croatia to the European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Accession of Montenegro to the European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Accession of Serbia to the European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">Accession of Albania to the European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">Accession of Kosovo to the European Union</a></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:432px"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:430px;"> <div style="position:relative; padding: 1em; overflow-x:auto;"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 400px; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: visible;"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_Western_Balkans.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/European_Union_Western_Balkans.svg/400px-European_Union_Western_Balkans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/European_Union_Western_Balkans.svg/600px-European_Union_Western_Balkans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/European_Union_Western_Balkans.svg/800px-European_Union_Western_Balkans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="100" /></a> <div style="position:absolute; left:236px; top:92px"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/28px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/56px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:266px; top:92px"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">SERBIA</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:266px; top:104px">CANDIDATE SINCE 2012</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:266px; top:116px">NEGOTIATING</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:198px; top:160px"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/45px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/60px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:106px; top:160px"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">MONTENEGRO</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:74px; top:172px">CANDIDATE SINCE 2010</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:124px; top:184px">NEGOTIATING</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:274px; top:192px"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/45px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/60px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:306px; top:192px"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">NORTH</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:306px; top:204px"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">MACEDONIA</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:274px; top:216px">CANDIDATE SINCE 2005</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:274px; top:228px">NEGOTIATING</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:238px; top:232px"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/28px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/56px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:178px; top:232px"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">ALBANIA</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:114px; top:244px">CANDIDATE SINCE 2014</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:168.2px; top:256px">NEGOTIATING</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:166px; top:108px"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:84px; top:108px"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">BOSNIA AND</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:72px; top:120px"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">HERZEGOVINA</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:78px; top:132px">CANDIDATE SINCE 2022</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:254px; top:152px"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/28px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/56px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:286px; top:152px"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">KOSOVO</a> <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Kosovo" title="International recognition of Kosovo">[*]</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:286px; top:164px">APPLIED IN 2022</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:110px; top:64px"><a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/28px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/56px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:142px; top:64px"><a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">CROATIA</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:142px; top:76px">MEMBER SINCE 2013</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:78px; top:32px"><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/28px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/56px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:110px; top:32px"><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">SLOVENIA</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:110px; top:44px">MEMBER SINCE 2004</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:306px; top:32px">ROMANIA</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:54px; top:204px">ITALY</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:282px; top:272px">GREECE</div> </div> </div></div><div class="thumbcaption">The European Union has made a commitment to accept the countries of the Western Balkans as full EU members.</div></div></div> The 2003 European Council summit in <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> set the integration of the <a href="/wiki/Balkans#Western_Balkans" title="Balkans">Western Balkans</a> as a priority of EU expansion. <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93European_Communities_relations" title="Yugoslavia–European Communities relations">former Yugoslav country</a> to join the EU in <a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">2004</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> in <a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">2013</a>. <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> have all been officially granted candidate status.<a href="#cite_note-AL_MK_rferl-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-BosniaCandi-12">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, which is claimed by Serbia and <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Kosovo" title="International recognition of Kosovo">not recognised by 5 EU states</a>, applied on 14 December 2022 and is considered a potential candidate by the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-Kosovo_euractiv-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-KosovoApli-14">[13]</a> Serbia and Montenegro, the most advanced candidates in their negotiation processes with the EU, may join the EU sometime between 2025 and 2030.<a href="#cite_note-before2025-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> Montenegro's declared political goal is to complete its negotiations by the end of 2026, and achieve membership of the EU by 2028.<a href="#cite_note-Montenegro2028-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Montenegro2028PM-5">[5]</a> The European Council had endorsed starting negotiations with Albania and North Macedonia on 26 March 2020,<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> however, the negotiation process was blocked by <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> for over two years.<a href="#cite_note-novinite.com-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[b]</a> In June 2022 French President Emmanuel Macron submitted a compromise proposal which, if adopted by both countries, would pave the way for the immediate adoption of negotiating frameworks for North Macedonia and Albania by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">EU Council</a> and for the organization of intergovernmental conferences with them.<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> On 24 June 2022, Bulgaria's parliament approved the revised French proposal to lift the country's veto on opening EU accession talks with North Macedonia, with the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_North_Macedonia" title="Assembly of North Macedonia">Assembly of North Macedonia</a> also doing so on 16 July 2022 allowing accession negotiations to begin. On the same day, the start of negotiations was set for 19 July 2022.<a href="#cite_note-GTS-22">[20]</a> On 8 November 2023, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> adopted a new Growth Plan for the <a href="/wiki/Western_Balkans" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Balkans">Western Balkans</a>, with the aim of bringing them closer to the EU through offering some of the <a href="/wiki/Strategy_for_the_Western_Balkans" title="Strategy for the Western Balkans">benefits of EU membership to the region in advance of accession</a>. The Growth Plan provides €6 billion financial grants and loans for the entire region in return of implementation of structural reforms. Beside the core financial support of the growth plan, one of the additional embedded priority actions is granting access to the <a href="/wiki/Single_Euro_Payments_Area" title="Single Euro Payments Area">Single Euro Payments Area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> On 8 November 2023, the European Commission recommended opening negotiations with Bosnia and Herzegovina once the necessary degree of compliance with the membership criteria is achieved.<a href="#cite_note-UkraineMoldovaNegotiationsrec-24">[22]</a> On 12 March 2024, the European Commission recommended opening EU membership negotiations with Bosnia and Herzegovina, citing the positive results from important reforms the country enacted.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-BosNegRec-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-BHNegotiations-27">[25]</a> On 21 March 2024, all 27 EU leaders, representing the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a>, gathered for a summit in Brussels, where they unanimously granted conditional approval for opening EU membership negotiations with Bosnia and Herzegovina.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> On 17 December 2024, the Council reiterated that they still needed to receive an approved Growth Plan reform package along with a national programme for adoption of EU law, and that the country should appoint a chief negotiator and a national <a href="/wiki/Instrument_for_Pre-Accession_Assistance" title="Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance">IPA III</a> coordinator, before the adoption of a negotiation framework can happen as the next step of the process for Bosnia and Herzegovina.<a href="#cite_note-CouncilDecisions2024-30">[28]</a> On 25 December 2024, the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Republika_Srpska" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Republika Srpska">National Assembly of Republika Srpska</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">federal entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>) adopted conclusions alleging the erosion of the legal order in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, and demanded the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">annulment of all acts resulting from unconstitutional actions by foreign individuals (<a href="/wiki/High_Representative_for_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina">High Representatives</a>) who lack the constitutional authority to propose or enact laws</q>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">requires representatives from <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a> in state institutions to suspend decisions related to European integration (as well as all decision-making concerned to the overall level of the country) until the process aligns with democratic principles and the rule of law</q>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> However, the High Representative issued an order on 2 January 2025 that prohibited the implementation with immediate legal effect of the entirety of these conclusions, due to having found them to violate Republika Srpska's obligations and commitments under the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> On 8 January 2025, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Republika_Srpska" title="President of Republika Srpska">President of Republika Srpska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milorad_Dodik" title="Milorad Dodik">Milorad Dodik</a>, stated that he would seriously reconsider whether Republika Srpska should pursue the European path, as he instead preferred efforts to secede the entity from Bosnia and Herzegovina, and rejected the authority of the Constitutional Court and High Representative.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_missions_of_the_European_Union#Europe" title="Diplomatic missions of the European Union">Delegation of the European Union to Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> stated in response: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">The sovereignty, territorial integrity, constitutional order – including Constitutional Court decisions – and international personality of Bosnia and Herzegovina need to be respected. The EU urges the political leadership of the Republika Srpska to refrain from and renounce provocative, divisive rhetoric and actions, including questioning the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the country. The EU urges all political actors in BiH to take resolute action to implement the necessary reforms to advance on the EU path towards opening EU accession negotiations. We reiterate our full commitment to the EU accession perspective of BiH as a single, united and sovereign country</q>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_Trio">Association Trio</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Association Trio">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Association_Trio" title="Association Trio">Association Trio</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Georgia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Georgia to the European Union">Accession of Georgia to the European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Accession of Moldova to the European Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Accession of Ukraine to the European Union</a></div> The Association Trio is sometimes expanded to the <a href="/wiki/Association_Trio#Trio_+_1" title="Association Trio">Trio + 1</a> with the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, which is not formally on the EU's enlargement agenda but is considering submitting an application for membership. In 2005, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> suggested in a strategy paper that the present enlargement agenda could potentially block the possibility of a future accession of <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Olli_Rehn" title="Olli Rehn">Olli Rehn</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Enlargement" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Enlargement">European Commissioner for Enlargement</a> between 2004 and 2010, said on the occasion that the EU should <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">avoid overstretching our capacity, and instead consolidate our enlargement agenda,</q> adding, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">this is already a challenging agenda for our accession process.</q><a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> In May 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a> was established as a specific dimension of the <a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">European Neighbourhood Policy</a>, which contains both a bilateral and multilateral track for six Eastern neighbours to the European Union (<a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>),<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> in the form of an <a href="/wiki/Euronest_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euronest Parliamentary Assembly">institutionalised forum</a> for discussing <a href="/wiki/Visa_(document)" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa (document)">visa</a> agreements, <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> deals, and strategic partnership agreements, while there is no requirement to pursue an <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">accession to the European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> passed a resolution in April 2014 stating that <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">in accordance with Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine, as well as any other European country, have a European perspective and can apply for EU membership in compliance with the principles of democracy, respect for fundamental freedoms and human rights, minority rights and ensuring the rule of rights.</q><a href="#cite_note-en.trend.az-39">[37]</a> In 2016-17 Association Agreements between the EU and Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine were ratified, and collectively these three countries became referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Association_Trio" title="Association Trio">Association Trio</a>. They also entered the <a href="/wiki/Deep_and_Comprehensive_Free_Trade_Area" title="Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area">Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area</a> with the EU, which creates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">framework for modernising [...] trade relations and for economic development by the opening of markets via the progressive removal of customs tariffs and quotas, and by an extensive harmonisation of laws, norms and regulations in various trade-related sectors, creating the conditions for aligning key sectors</q> of their economies with EU standards.<a href="#cite_note-DCFTA_Ukr-40">[38]</a> However, the EU did not expand further into the <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">post-Soviet space</a> in the 2010s.<a href="#cite_note-euobserver.com-41">[39]</a> By January 2021, Georgia and Ukraine were preparing to formally apply for EU membership in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> However, following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Ukraine submitted an application for EU membership on 28 February 2022, followed by Georgia and Moldova on 3 March 2022.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> On 23 June 2022, the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> granted candidate status to Moldova and Ukraine, and recognized Georgia as a potential candidate for membership.<a href="#cite_note-UA-MD-candidate-council-47">[45]</a> When taking its candidacy decision for Ukraine and Moldova, the Council made opening the accession negotiations conditional to addressing respectively seven and nine key areas related to strengthening the rule of law, fighting corruption and improving governance processes. In his speech in Moldova on 28 March 2023, President of the European Council Charles Michel mentioned that <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">by the end of the year, the Council will have to decide on the opening negotiations with [Ukraine and Moldova]. It will be a political decision taking into account the report that will be published by the Commission. And I sincerely hope that a positive decision will be possible by the end of the year</q>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> On 8 November 2023, the European Commission recommended opening negotiations with Moldova and Ukraine, and granting candidate status to Georgia,<a href="#cite_note-UkraineMoldovaNegotiationsrec-24">[22]</a> and this was agreed by the European Council on 14 December 2023.<a href="#cite_note-MUG-49">[47]</a> On 25 June 2024, the first Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) was called by the Belgian Presidency of the Council of the EU, officially marking the start of the accession negotiations with Moldova and Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-Brzozowski-2024-50">[48]</a> On 9 July 2024, following the adoption of a law by Georgia's ruling <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Dream" title="Georgian Dream">Georgian Dream</a> party requiring non-governmental and media entities to register as "foreign agents", the EU ambassador in Georgia announced that in response the EU would de facto halt the country's accession progress, with no further steps to advance the process to be expected and no financial support granted for as long as the law exists.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-GEOhalt-52">[50]</a> The European Union has threatened Georgia with sanctions and suspension of relations if the country becomes a "one-party state" without political opposition following parliamentary elections in October 2024.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2024_Georgian_parliamentary_election" title="2024 Georgian parliamentary election">2024 Georgian parliamentary elections</a> resulted in Georgian Dream retaining power, but were disputed by opposition parties which claimed that the vote was not free and fair and was subject to widespread voter fraud. The <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> adopted a non-binding resolution which rejected the validity of the results, and called for the vote to be repeated within a year.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> Following this, Georgian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Irakli_Kobakhidze" title="Irakli Kobakhidze">Irakli Kobakhidze</a> stated that accession negotiations would be suspended until the end of 2028,<a href="#cite_note-2028suspension-55">[53]</a> though he insisted that <a href="/wiki/Kobakhidze_government" title="Kobakhidze government">his government</a> would continue to implement the reforms required for accession and that it still planned for Georgia to join the EU by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> The EU have halted all financial aid for the Georgian government since 27 June 2024, and instead redirected its financial support only to be received by civil society and the media in Georgia.<a href="#cite_note-GEOhalt-52">[50]</a> Similar to the growth plans and <a href="/wiki/Instrument_for_Pre-Accession_Assistance" title="Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance">IPA III</a> grants launched towards supporting structural reforms to improve accession perspectives for <a href="/wiki/Strategy_for_the_Western_Balkans" title="Strategy for the Western Balkans">candidates from the Western Balkans</a>, the EU launched – or is about to launch – similar growth plan programmes for Ukraine and Moldova:<a href="#cite_note-CouncilDecisions2024-30">[28]</a> <ul><li>Ukraine Facility: Established on 29 February 2024.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> Provides up to €50 billion over four years to support financial stability, recovery, and implementation of key reforms to assist in the <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Accession of Ukraine to the European Union</a> between 2024 and 2027.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a></li> <li>Reform and Growth Facility for Moldova: Establishment pending ongoing legal approval in 2025.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> Provides up to €285 million in grants and €1.5 billion in loans with long repayment time and advantageous interest rates, during the period from 2025 to 2027. The facility is the financial pillar of the Moldova Growth Plan, but will also assist in the <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Accession of Moldova to the European Union</a> and in undertaking EU-related reforms. Payments will be subject to strict conditions in terms of the achievement of reforms set out in the agreed Reform Agenda.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a></li></ul> In October 2024, the <a href="/wiki/2024_Moldovan_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2024 Moldovan European Union membership referendum">Moldovan EU membership referendum</a> resulted in support to amend the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Moldova" title="Constitution of Moldova">Constitution of Moldova</a> to include the aim of becoming an EU member state.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Turkey">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Accession of Turkey to the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="European Union–Turkey relations">European Union–Turkey relations</a></div> Turkey's candidacy to join the EU has been a matter of major significance and considerable controversy since it was granted in 1999. Turkey has had historically close ties with the EU, having an <a href="/wiki/Ankara_Agreement" title="Ankara Agreement">association agreement since 1964</a>,<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> being in a <a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_Customs_Union" title="European Union–Turkey Customs Union">customs union with the EU</a> since 1995 and initially applying to join in 1987. Only after a summit in Brussels on 17 December 2004 (following the major <a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">2004 enlargement</a>) did the European Council announce that membership negotiations with Turkey were officially opened on 3 October 2005. Turkey is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">eleventh largest economy in the world</a> (measured as Purchasing Power Parity), and is a key <a href="/wiki/Regional_power" title="Regional power">regional power</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bildt" title="Carl Bildt">Carl Bildt</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Sweden)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)">Swedish foreign minister</a>, stated that <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">[The accession of Turkey] would give the EU a decisive role for stability in the Eastern part of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, which is clearly in the strategic interest of Europe.</q><a href="#cite_note-ihtbildt-69">[67]</a> However, others, such as former <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_France" title="List of presidents of France">French President</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">German Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>, expressed opposition to Turkey's membership. Opponents argue that Turkey does not respect the key principles that are expected in a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democracy</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of expression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> Turkey's large population would also alter the balance of power in the representative European institutions. Upon joining the EU, Turkey's 84 million inhabitants would bestow it the largest number of <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEPs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. It would become the most <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">populous country</a> in the EU.<a href="#cite_note-economist2-71">[69]</a> Another problem is that Turkey does not recognise one EU member state, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, because of the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_problem" title="Cyprus problem">Cyprus problem</a> and the Cypriot government blocks some chapters of Turkey's talks.<a href="#cite_note-Economist-161013-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-carnegie-73">[71]</a> EU–Turkey relations have deteriorated following President Erdoğan's crackdown on supporters of the <a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt">2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt</a>. While Erdoğan stated that he approved the reintroduction of the death penalty to punish those involved in the coup, the EU announced that it strongly condemned the coup attempt and would officially end accession negotiations with Turkey if the death penalty was reintroduced.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> On 25 July 2016, President of the European Commission <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a> said that Turkey was not in a position to become a member of the European Union in the near future and that accession negotiations between the EU and Turkey would be stopped immediately if the death penalty was brought back.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> On 24 November 2016, the European Parliament approved a non-binding resolution calling for the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">temporary freeze of the ongoing accession negotiations with Turkey</q> over human rights and rule of law concerns.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> On 13 December 2016, the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> (comprising the heads of state or government of the member states) resolved that it would open no new areas in Turkey's membership talks in the "prevailing circumstances",<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo-79">[77]</a> as Turkey's path toward autocratic rule made progress on EU accession impossible.<a href="#cite_note-Marc_Pierini-80">[78]</a> On 6 July 2017, the European Parliament accepted the call for the suspension of full membership negotiations between the EU and Turkey,<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> and a repeat of the exact same vote ended with the same result in March 2019<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> and May 2021.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> On 17 July 2018, then-Austrian Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Kurz" title="Sebastian Kurz">Sebastian Kurz</a> said that it would be beneficial to end the accession negotiations between the EU and Turkey and instead develop bilateral relations between the EU and Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> As of 2022, and especially following Erdoğan's victory in the <a href="/wiki/2017_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2017 Turkish constitutional referendum">constitutional referendum</a>, Turkish accession talks are effectively at a standstill.<a href="#cite_note-Hahn-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> In July 2023, Erdoğan brought up Turkey's accession to EU membership up in the context of <a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Sweden–NATO relations">Sweden's application for NATO membership</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Huseyin_Hayatsever_2023_k001-87">[85]</a> However, in September 2023, he announced that the European Union was well into a rupture in its relations with Turkey and that they could part ways during Turkey's European Union membership process.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary_table">Summary table</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Summary table">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>State </th> <th>Status<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">Chapters</a> opened </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">Chapters</a> closed </th> <th>Latest steps </th> <th>Next step </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">accession process</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#46a43b">Candidate negotiating (since June 2012)<a href="#cite_note-MontenegroStatus-90">[88]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">33/33<a href="#cite_note-MontenegroStatus-90">[88]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256311440">.mw-parser-output .progression{width:50%;margin:0 auto;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .progression-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .progression-header>span{font-size:120%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .progression-bar{border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);height:10px;width:100%;border-spacing:1px}.mw-parser-output .progression-done{background:#00af32}.mw-parser-output .progression-undone{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}</style><table role="presentation" class="progression"> <tbody><tr> <td class="progression-header">100% complete </td></tr> <tr><td><table role="progressbar" class="progression-bar"> <tbody><tr><td class="progression-done" style="width: 100%"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="text-align:center">6/33<a href="#cite_note-MontenegroStatus-90">[88]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256311440"><table role="presentation" class="progression"> <tbody><tr> <td class="progression-header">18.2% complete </td></tr> <tr><td><table role="progressbar" class="progression-bar"> <tbody><tr><td class="progression-done" style="width: 18.2%"></td><td class="progression-undone"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Screening completed for all chapters in June 2013.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> First chapters opened in December 2012.<a href="#cite_note-MNE2012-92">[90]</a> </td> <td>Every chapter must be closed to conclude the negotiations. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">accession process</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#46a43b">Candidate negotiating (since January 2014)<a href="#cite_note-SerbiaStatus-93">[91]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">22/34<a href="#cite_note-SerbiaStatus-93">[91]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256311440"><table role="presentation" class="progression"> <tbody><tr> <td class="progression-header">64.7% complete </td></tr> <tr><td><table role="progressbar" class="progression-bar"> <tbody><tr><td class="progression-done" style="width: 64.7%"></td><td class="progression-undone"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2/34<a href="#cite_note-SerbiaStatus-93">[91]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256311440"><table role="presentation" class="progression"> <tbody><tr> <td class="progression-header">5.9% complete </td></tr> <tr><td><table role="progressbar" class="progression-bar"> <tbody><tr><td class="progression-done" style="width: 5.9%"></td><td class="progression-undone"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Screening completed for all chapters in March 2015.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> First chapters opened in December 2015.<a href="#cite_note-SRB2015-95">[93]</a> </td> <td>Every chapter must be opened and closed to conclude the negotiations. Benchmarks have been met for the opening of all 3 remaining chapters in cluster 3, but this has been postponed due the opening being conditional on "substantial further progress made by Serbia, in particular in accordance with...the rule of law (chapter 23+24) and the <a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Agreement_(2023)" title="Ohrid Agreement (2023)">normalisation of relations with Kosovo</a>".<a href="#cite_note-CouncilDecisions2024-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-SRBstatus2024-96">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">accession process</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#46a43b">Candidate negotiating (since July 2022)<a href="#cite_note-July2022AlMk-97">[95]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">7/33<a href="#cite_note-AlbaniaStatus-98">[96]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256311440"><table role="presentation" class="progression"> <tbody><tr> <td class="progression-header">21.2% complete </td></tr> <tr><td><table role="progressbar" class="progression-bar"> <tbody><tr><td class="progression-done" style="width: 21.2%"></td><td class="progression-undone"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="text-align:center">0/33<a href="#cite_note-AlbaniaStatus-98">[96]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256311440"><table role="presentation" class="progression"> <tbody><tr> <td class="progression-header">0% complete </td></tr> <tr><td><table role="progressbar" class="progression-bar"> <tbody><tr><td class="progression-undone"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Screening completed for all chapters in November 2023.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> First chapters opened in October 2024.<a href="#cite_note-Albania2IGC-100">[98]</a> </td> <td>Every chapter must be opened and closed to conclude the negotiations. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">accession process</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#46a43b">Candidate negotiating (since July 2022)<a href="#cite_note-July2022AlMk-97">[95]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">0/33<a href="#cite_note-MacedoniaStatus-101">[99]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256311440"><table role="presentation" class="progression"> <tbody><tr> <td class="progression-header">0% complete </td></tr> <tr><td><table role="progressbar" class="progression-bar"> <tbody><tr><td class="progression-undone"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="text-align:center">0/33<a href="#cite_note-MacedoniaStatus-101">[99]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256311440"><table role="presentation" class="progression"> <tbody><tr> <td class="progression-header">0% complete </td></tr> <tr><td><table role="progressbar" class="progression-bar"> <tbody><tr><td class="progression-undone"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Screening completed for all chapters in December 2023.<a href="#cite_note-MacedoniaStatus-101">[99]</a> </td> <td>The opening of the first 5 negotiating chapters (Fundamentals cluster) at a second intergovernmental conference will not begin until the opening phase has been completed, which according to the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council</a> conclusions of July 2022 is conditional on the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_North_Macedonia" title="Assembly of North Macedonia">Assembly of North Macedonia</a> approving a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_amendment" title="Constitutional amendment">constitutional amendment</a> related to the Bulgarian minority.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-CouncilDecisions2023-103">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-CouncilDecisions2024-30">[28]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> (<a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">accession process</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Moldova–European Union relations">relations</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#46a43b">Candidate negotiating (since June 2024)<a href="#cite_note-Brzozowski-2024-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">0/33<a href="#cite_note-MoldovaStatus-105">[103]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256311440"><table role="presentation" class="progression"> <tbody><tr> <td class="progression-header">0% complete </td></tr> <tr><td><table role="progressbar" class="progression-bar"> <tbody><tr><td class="progression-undone"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="text-align:center">0/33<a href="#cite_note-MoldovaStatus-105">[103]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256311440"><table role="presentation" class="progression"> <tbody><tr> <td class="progression-header">0% complete </td></tr> <tr><td><table role="progressbar" class="progression-bar"> <tbody><tr><td class="progression-undone"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Screening of chapters (the explanatory phase) began in January 2024,<a href="#cite_note-UKRMOLscreening-10">[9]</a> and the bilateral phase of the screening started in July 2024.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> </td> <td>The opening of the first 5 negotiating chapters (Fundamentals cluster) at a second intergovernmental conference. Every chapter must be opened and closed to conclude the negotiations. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">accession process</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">relations</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#46a43b">Candidate negotiating (since June 2024)<a href="#cite_note-Brzozowski-2024-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">0/33<a href="#cite_note-UkraineStatus-108">[106]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256311440"><table role="presentation" class="progression"> <tbody><tr> <td class="progression-header">0% complete </td></tr> <tr><td><table role="progressbar" class="progression-bar"> <tbody><tr><td class="progression-undone"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="text-align:center">0/33<a href="#cite_note-UkraineStatus-108">[106]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256311440"><table role="presentation" class="progression"> <tbody><tr> <td class="progression-header">0% complete </td></tr> <tr><td><table role="progressbar" class="progression-bar"> <tbody><tr><td class="progression-undone"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Screening of chapters (the explanatory phase) began in January 2024,<a href="#cite_note-UKRMOLscreening-10">[9]</a> and the bilateral phase of the screening started in July 2024.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> </td> <td>The opening of the first 5 negotiating chapters (Fundamentals cluster) at a second intergovernmental conference. Every chapter must be opened and closed to conclude the negotiations. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">accession process</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#71f268">Candidate (since December 2022)<a href="#cite_note-BIHstatus-110">[108]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>The European Council granted conditional approval for the opening of accession negotiations in March 2024.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-BIHstatus-110">[108]</a> Screening of chapters (the explanatory phase) began in April 2024.<a href="#cite_note-BIHstatusCommission-112">[110]</a> </td> <td>The European Commission needs to prepare a negotiating framework for adoption by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council</a>, once all relevant steps set out in the Commission's recommendation of 12 October 2022 have been taken by Bosnia and Herzegovina.<a href="#cite_note-BIHnegotiations-113">[111]</a> The state claimed to meet 98% of conditions demanded by the European Commission by passing a 2024 budget and Growth Plan reform package in July 2024.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> Final approval of the Growth Plan reform package was however blocked by four <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">cantons</a> on 25 July.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> As of December 2024, the Council reminded they still needed to receive an approved Growth Plan reform package along with a national programme for adoption of EU law, and that the country should appoint a chief negotiator and a national <a href="/wiki/Instrument_for_Pre-Accession_Assistance" title="Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance">IPA III</a> coordinator, before the adoption of a negotiation framework can happen as the next step of the process.<a href="#cite_note-CouncilDecisions2024-30">[28]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Georgia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Georgia to the European Union">accession process</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">relations</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#71f268">Candidate (since December 2023)<a href="#cite_note-MUG-49">[47]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>The European Council granted candidate status in December 2023.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kobakhidze_government" title="Kobakhidze government">Georgian government</a> suspended its EU membership application process until the end of 2028.<a href="#cite_note-2028suspension-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-CouncilDecisions2024-30">[28]</a> </td> <td>The European Commission needs to recommend starting negotiations. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">accession process</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#ffd617">Applicant / Potential candidate </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>Application for membership submitted in December 2022.<a href="#cite_note-KosovoApli-14">[13]</a> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council</a> needs to by unanimous decision request the European Commission to submit an opinion. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">accession process</a>) (<a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="European Union–Turkey relations">relations</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#da2131">Candidate with frozen negotiations (opened in October 2005,<a href="#cite_note-TUR2006-119">[117]</a> but frozen since December 2016)<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo-79">[77]</a> </td> <th style="text-align:center">16/33<a href="#cite_note-TurkeyStatus-120">[118]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256311440"><table role="presentation" class="progression"> <tbody><tr> <td class="progression-header">48.5% complete </td></tr> <tr><td><table role="progressbar" class="progression-bar"> <tbody><tr><td class="progression-done" style="width: 48.5%"></td><td class="progression-undone"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </th> <th style="text-align:center">1/33<a href="#cite_note-TurkeyStatus-120">[118]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256311440"><table role="presentation" class="progression"> <tbody><tr> <td class="progression-header">3% complete </td></tr> <tr><td><table role="progressbar" class="progression-bar"> <tbody><tr><td class="progression-done" style="width: 3%"></td><td class="progression-undone"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> </th> <td>Screening completed for all chapters in October 2006.<a href="#cite_note-TUR2006-119">[117]</a> First chapters opened in June 2006.<a href="#cite_note-TUR2006-119">[117]</a> Chapter opening frozen in December 2016, due to backsliding in the areas of democracy, rule of law, and fundamental rights.<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo-79">[77]</a> Chapter closing dialogue frozen since June 2018.<a href="#cite_note-CouncilDecisions2018-121">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-TurkeyStatus-120">[118]</a> </td> <td>Negotiations frozen, with no further chapters being considered for opening or closing, which has been reconfirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council</a> each year since 2018.<a href="#cite_note-TurkeyStatus-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-CouncilDecisions2018-121">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-TurkeyReport2021-122">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-TurkeyReport2023-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-CouncilDecisions2023-103">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-CouncilDecisions2024-30">[28]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Timeline">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Major events </th> <th><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">Association Agreement</a> (with link) </th> <th>Membership application </th> <th>Candidate status </th> <th>Negotiations start (1st <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental conference">IGC</a>) </th> <th>Substantial negotiations start (2nd <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental conference">IGC</a>) </th> <th>Accession Treaty signed </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Turkey</a> </th> <td>1 Dec 1964 (<a href="/wiki/Ankara_Agreement" title="Ankara Agreement">AA</a>) </td> <td>14 Apr 1987 </td> <td>12 Dec 1999 </td> <td>3 Oct 2005<a href="#cite_note-TUR2005-125">[123]</a> </td> <td>12 Jun 2006<a href="#cite_note-TUR2006-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-TURABDER2006-126">[124]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Montenegro</a> </th> <td>1 May 2010 (SAA) </td> <td>15 Dec 2008 </td> <td>17 Dec 2010<a href="#cite_note-MNEcandidate-127">[125]</a> </td> <td>29 Jun 2012<a href="#cite_note-MontenegroStatus-90">[88]</a> </td> <td>18 Dec 2012<a href="#cite_note-MNE2012-92">[90]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Serbia</a> </th> <td>1 Sep 2013 (SAA) </td> <td>22 Dec 2009 </td> <td>1 Mar 2012 </td> <td>21 Jan 2014<a href="#cite_note-SRBnegotiations-128">[126]</a> </td> <td>14 Dec 2015<a href="#cite_note-SRB2015-95">[93]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">Albania</a> </th> <td>1 Apr 2009 (<a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_and_Association_Process" title="Stabilisation and Association Process">SAA</a>) </td> <td>28 Apr 2009 </td> <td>27 Jun 2014<a href="#cite_note-ALBcandidate-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-ALBcandidate_approved-130">[128]</a> </td> <td>19 Jul 2022<a href="#cite_note-July2022AlMk-97">[95]</a> </td> <td>15 Oct 2024<a href="#cite_note-Albania2IGC-100">[98]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">North Macedonia</a> </th> <td>1 Apr 2004 (SAA) </td> <td>22 Mar 2004 </td> <td>17 Dec 2005 </td> <td>19 Jul 2022<a href="#cite_note-July2022AlMk-97">[95]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Moldova</a> </th> <td>1 Jul 2016 (<a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="Moldova–European Union Association Agreement">AA</a>) </td> <td>3 Mar 2022<a href="#cite_note-MDAapplication-131">[129]</a> </td> <td>23 Jun 2022<a href="#cite_note-UA-MD-candidate-council-47">[45]</a> </td> <td>25 Jun 2024<a href="#cite_note-MDAnegotiations-132">[130]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Ukraine</a> </th> <td>1 Sep 2017 (<a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Ukraine_Association_Agreement" title="European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement">AA</a>) </td> <td>28 Feb 2022<a href="#cite_note-UKRapplication-133">[131]</a> </td> <td>23 Jun 2022<a href="#cite_note-UA-MD-candidate-council-47">[45]</a> </td> <td>25 Jun 2024<a href="#cite_note-UKRnegotiations-134">[132]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </th> <td>1 Jun 2015 (SAA)<a href="#cite_note-BIH_SAA-135">[133]</a> </td> <td>15 Feb 2016<a href="#cite_note-BIHapplication-136">[134]</a> </td> <td>15 Dec 2022<a href="#cite_note-BosniaCandi-12">[11]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Georgia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Georgia to the European Union">Georgia</a> </th> <td>1 Jul 2016 (<a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations#Association_Agreement_(2013–present)" title="Georgia–European Union relations">AA</a>) </td> <td>3 Mar 2022<a href="#cite_note-ge-candidacy-137">[135]</a> </td> <td>14 Dec 2023<a href="#cite_note-MUG-49">[47]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">Kosovo</a><a href="#cite_note-KOS-138">[Note 1]</a> </th> <td>1 Apr 2016 (SAA)<a href="#cite_note-KOS_SAA-139">[136]</a> </td> <td>14 Dec 2022<a href="#cite_note-KosovoApli-14">[13]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><big>All events</big> </th> <th colspan="6">Candidates negotiating </th> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2">Candidates </th> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th>Applicant / Potential candidate </th> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th>Candidate with frozen negotiations </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">Albania</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Moldova</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Montenegro</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">North Macedonia</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Serbia</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Ukraine</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Georgia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Georgia to the European Union">Georgia</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">Kosovo</a><a href="#cite_note-KOS-138">[Note 1]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Turkey</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">EU Association Agreement</a><a href="#cite_note-AA-140">[Note 2]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">EU Association Agreement negotiations start </th> <td>31 Jan 2003 </td> <td>Jan 2010<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> </td> <td>10 Oct 2005<a href="#cite_note-MON-143">[Note 3]</a> </td> <td>5 Apr 2000 </td> <td>10 Oct 2005<a href="#cite_note-SER-144">[Note 4]</a> </td> <td>5 Mar 2007 </td> <th rowspan="3"> </th> <td>25 Nov 2005 </td> <td>Jan 2010 </td> <th rowspan="3"> </th> <td>28 Oct 2013<a href="#cite_note-kossaa-145">[139]</a> </td> <th rowspan="3"> </th> <td>1959AA 1970CU </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">EU Association Agreement signature </th> <td>12 Jun 2006 </td> <td>27 Jun 2014 </td> <td>15 Oct 2007 </td> <td>9 Apr 2001 </td> <td>29 Apr 2008 </td> <td>21 Mar 2014AA 27 Jun 2014DCFTA </td> <td>16 Jun 2008 </td> <td>27 Jun 2014 </td> <td>27 Oct 2015<a href="#cite_note-KOSSIGN-146">[140]</a> </td> <td>12 Sep 1963AA 1995CU </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">EU Association Agreement entry into force </th> <td>1 Apr 2009 </td> <td>1 Jul 2016 </td> <td>1 May 2010 </td> <td>1 Apr 2004 </td> <td>1 Sep 2013 </td> <td>1 Sep 2017 </td> <td>1 Jun 2015<a href="#cite_note-BIH_SAA-135">[133]</a> </td> <td>1 Jul 2016 </td> <td>1 Apr 2016<a href="#cite_note-KOS_SAA-139">[136]</a> </td> <td>1 Dec 1964AA 31 Dec 1995CU<a href="#cite_note-147">[141]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Membership application </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Membership application submitted </th> <td>28 Apr 2009 </td> <td>3 Mar 2022<a href="#cite_note-MDAapplication-131">[129]</a> </td> <td>15 Dec 2008 </td> <td>22 Mar 2004 </td> <td>22 Dec 2009 </td> <td>28 Feb 2022<a href="#cite_note-UKRapplication-133">[131]</a> </td> <th rowspan="5"> </th> <td>15 Feb 2016<a href="#cite_note-BIHapplication-136">[134]</a> </td> <td>3 Mar 2022<a href="#cite_note-ge-candidacy-137">[135]</a> </td> <th rowspan="5"> </th> <td>14 Dec 2022<a href="#cite_note-KosovoApli-14">[13]</a> </td> <th rowspan="5"> </th> <td>14 Apr 1987 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council</a> asks <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">Commission</a> for opinion </th> <td>16 Nov 2009 </td> <td>7 Mar 2022<a href="#cite_note-Council_opinion_on_UA/GE/MD_trio-148">[142]</a> </td> <td>23 Apr 2009 </td> <td>17 May 2004 </td> <td>25 Oct 2010<a href="#cite_note-149">[143]</a> </td> <td>7 Mar 2022<a href="#cite_note-Council_opinion_on_UA/GE/MD_trio-148">[142]</a> </td> <td>20 Sep 2016<a href="#cite_note-150">[144]</a> </td> <td>7 Mar 2022<a href="#cite_note-Council_opinion_on_UA/GE/MD_trio-148">[142]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td>27 Apr 1987 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Commission presents legislative questionnaire to applicant </th> <td>16 Dec 2009 </td> <td>11 Apr 2022 (Part I) 19 Apr 2022 (Part II)<a href="#cite_note-GEMDQ-151">[145]</a> </td> <td>22 Jul 2009 </td> <td>1 Oct 2004 </td> <td>24 Nov 2010 </td> <td>8 Apr 2022 (Part I) 13 Apr 2022 (Part II)<a href="#cite_note-152">[146]</a> </td> <td>9 Dec 2016<a href="#cite_note-153">[147]</a> </td> <td>11 Apr 2022 (Part I) 19 Apr 2022 (Part II)<a href="#cite_note-GEMDQ-151">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[148]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Applicant responds to questionnaire </th> <td>11 Jun 2010 </td> <td>22 Apr 2022 (Part I)<a href="#cite_note-155">[149]</a> 12 May 2022 (Part II)<a href="#cite_note-156">[150]</a> </td> <td>12 Apr 2010 </td> <td>10 May 2005 </td> <td>22 Apr 2011 </td> <td>17 Apr 2022 (Part I)<a href="#cite_note-157">[151]</a> 9 May 2022 (Part II)<a href="#cite_note-158">[152]</a> </td> <td>28 Feb 2018 </td> <td>2 May 2022 (Part I)<a href="#cite_note-159">[153]</a> 10 May 2022 (Part II)<a href="#cite_note-160">[154]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Commission issues its opinion (and subsequent reports) </th> <td>2010–2013 </td> <td>17 Jun 2022<a href="#cite_note-UMGCM-161">[155]</a> </td> <td>9 Nov 2010 </td> <td>2005–2009 </td> <td>12 Oct 2011 </td> <td>17 Jun 2022<a href="#cite_note-UMGCM-161">[155]</a> </td> <td>2019<a href="#cite_note-162">[156]</a>–2022 </td> <td>17 Jun 2022<a href="#cite_note-UMGCM-161">[155]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td>1989, 1997–2004 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Candidate status </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Commission recommends granting of candidate status </th> <td>16 Oct 2013<a href="#cite_note-163">[157]</a> </td> <td>17 Jun 2022<a href="#cite_note-UMGCM-161">[155]</a> </td> <td>9 Nov 2010 </td> <td>9 Nov 2005 </td> <td>12 Oct 2011 </td> <td>17 Jun 2022<a href="#cite_note-UMGCM-161">[155]</a> </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <td>12 Oct 2022<a href="#cite_note-164">[158]</a> </td> <td>8 Nov 2023<a href="#cite_note-UkraineMoldovaNegotiationsrec-24">[22]</a> </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <td>13 Oct 1999 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> grants candidate status to Applicant </th> <td>27 Jun 2014<a href="#cite_note-ALBcandidate-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-ALBcandidate_approved-130">[128]</a> </td> <td>23 Jun 2022<a href="#cite_note-UA-MD-candidate-council-47">[45]</a> </td> <td>17 Dec 2010<a href="#cite_note-MNEcandidate-127">[125]</a> </td> <td>17 Dec 2005 </td> <td>1 Mar 2012 </td> <td>23 Jun 2022<a href="#cite_note-UA-MD-candidate-council-47">[45]</a> </td> <td>15 Dec 2022<a href="#cite_note-BosniaCandi-12">[11]</a> </td> <td>14 Dec 2023<a href="#cite_note-MUG-49">[47]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td>12 Dec 1999 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Accession negotiations </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Commission recommends to open negotiations </th> <td>9 Nov 2016<a href="#cite_note-AlbaniaNegotiations-165">[159]</a> </td> <td>8 Nov 2023<a href="#cite_note-UkraineMoldovaNegotiationsrec-24">[22]</a> </td> <td>12 Oct 2011 </td> <td>14 Oct 2009 </td> <td>22 Apr 2013<a href="#cite_note-SerbiaNegotiationsrec-166">[160]</a> </td> <td>8 Nov 2023<a href="#cite_note-UkraineMoldovaNegotiationsrec-24">[22]</a> </td> <th rowspan="6"> </th> <td>12 Mar 2024<a href="#cite_note-BosNegRec-26">[24]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <th rowspan="6"> </th> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <th rowspan="6"> </th> <td>6 Oct 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> decides to open negotiations </th> <td>26 Jun 2018<a href="#cite_note-167">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-AlbaniaMacedoniaNegotiations-169">[163]</a> </td> <td>14 Dec 2023<a href="#cite_note-consilium.europa.eu-170">[164]</a> </td> <td>28 Jun 2012<a href="#cite_note-MontenegroStatus-90">[88]</a> </td> <td>18 Jun 2019<a href="#cite_note-AlbaniaMacedoniaNegotiations-169">[163]</a> </td> <td>28 Jun 2013<a href="#cite_note-171">[165]</a> </td> <td>14 Dec 2023<a href="#cite_note-consilium.europa.eu-170">[164]</a> </td> <td>21 Mar 2024<a href="#cite_note-BIHnegotiations-113">[111]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td>16 Dec 2004<a href="#cite_note-172">[166]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council</a> sets negotiations start date </th> <td>24 Mar 2020<a href="#cite_note-RFE/RL's_Balkan_Service-173">[167]</a> </td> <td>21 Jun 2024<a href="#cite_note-Council-nego-Ukraine-Moldova-174">[168]</a> </td> <td>26 Jun 2012<a href="#cite_note-175">[169]</a> </td> <td>24 Mar 2020<a href="#cite_note-RFE/RL's_Balkan_Service-173">[167]</a> </td> <td>17 Dec 2013<a href="#cite_note-176">[170]</a> </td> <td>21 Jun 2024<a href="#cite_note-Council-nego-Ukraine-Moldova-174">[168]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td>17 Dec 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Membership negotiations start (first <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental conference">IGC</a>) </th> <td>19 Jul 2022<a href="#cite_note-July2022AlMk-97">[95]</a> </td> <td>25 Jun 2024<a href="#cite_note-MDAnegotiations-132">[130]</a> </td> <td>29 Jun 2012<a href="#cite_note-MontenegroStatus-90">[88]</a> </td> <td>19 Jul 2022<a href="#cite_note-July2022AlMk-97">[95]</a> </td> <td>21 Jan 2014<a href="#cite_note-SRBnegotiations-128">[126]</a> </td> <td>25 Jun 2024<a href="#cite_note-UKRnegotiations-134">[132]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td>3 Oct 2005<a href="#cite_note-TUR2005-125">[123]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">First negotiating chapters opened (second <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental conference">IGC</a>) </th> <td>15 Oct 2024<a href="#cite_note-Albania2IGC-100">[98]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td>18 Dec 2012<a href="#cite_note-MNE2012-92">[90]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td>14 Dec 2015<a href="#cite_note-SRB2015-95">[93]</a> </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td>12 Jun 2006<a href="#cite_note-TUR2006-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-TURABDER2006-126">[124]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Membership negotiations end </th> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Accession treaty and joining the EU </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Accession Treaty signature </th> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">EU joining date </th> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td> <td style="color:#aa0">(tbd) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KOS-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_138-1">b</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> remains divided on its policy towards Kosovo, with five <a href="/wiki/EU_member_states" class="mw-redirect" title="EU member states">EU member states</a> not recognising its <a href="/wiki/2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence" title="2008 Kosovo declaration of independence">independence</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-AA-140"><a href="#cite_ref-AA_140-0">^</a> EU Association Agreement type: <a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_and_Association_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Stabilisation and Association Agreement">Stabilisation and Association Agreement</a> (SAA) for the Western <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> states participating in the <a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_and_Association_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Stabilisation and Association process">Stabilisation and Association process</a> of the EU (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo through the <a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_Tracking_Mechanism" title="Stabilisation Tracking Mechanism">STM</a>); <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">Association Agreement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Customs_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Customs Union">Customs Union</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_Customs_Union" title="European Union–Turkey Customs Union">for Turkey</a>; <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a> (EEA) for Iceland and Finland (reference state of the Fourth Enlargement); <a href="/wiki/Europe_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Agreement">Europe Agreement</a> for the reference states of the Fifth Enlargement. </li> <li id="cite_note-MON-143"><a href="#cite_ref-MON_143-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> started negotiations in November 2005 while a part of <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a>. Separate technical negotiations were conducted regarding issues of sub-state organizational competency. A mandate for direct negotiations with Montenegro was established in July 2006. Direct negotiations were initiated on 26 September 2006 and concluded on 1 December 2006.<a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-SER-144"><a href="#cite_ref-SER_144-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> started negotiations in November 2005 while part of <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a>, with a modified mandate from July 2006. </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Level_of_preparation_for_acquis_chapters">Level of preparation for acquis chapters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Level of preparation for acquis chapters">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_situation">Current situation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Current situation">edit</a>]</div> The table below shows the level of preparation of applicant countries with EU standards (<a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">acquis communautaire</a>) on a 5-point scale, using data from the European Commission's 2024 reports. The analysis is based on the analysis performed by the online media outlet <a href="/wiki/European_Pravda" title="European Pravda">European Pravda</a> for Ukraine; scores for other countries, as well as additional sections (public administration reform and economic criteria) were added based on official data from the European Commission's reports.<a href="#cite_note-177">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[172]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><big>Chapter</big> </th> <th colspan="6">Candidates negotiating </th> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2">Candidates </th> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th>Applicant / Potential candidate </th> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th>Candidate with frozen negotiations </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">Albania</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Moldova</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Montenegro</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">North Macedonia</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Serbia</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Ukraine</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Georgia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Georgia to the European Union">Georgia</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">Kosovo</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Turkey</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Cluster 1: The fundamentals of the accession process </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Public administration reform </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <th rowspan="8"> </th> <td style="background:#f46d43">1.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <th rowspan="8"> </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <th rowspan="8"> </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">2.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">23. Judiciary and fundamental rights </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">2.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#f46d43">1.5 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">24. Justice, freedom and security </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">2.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">The existence of a functioning market economy </th> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#f46d43">1.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#f46d43">1.5 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#3288bd">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">The capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#f46d43">1.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#f46d43">1.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">5. Public procurement </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">2.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">18. Statistics </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">32. Financial control </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Cluster 2: Internal Market </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">1. Free movement of goods </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">2.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <th rowspan="9"> </th> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <th rowspan="9"> </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">2.5 </td> <th rowspan="9"> </th> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">2. Freedom of movement for workers </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">3. Right of establishment and freedom to provide services </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">4. Free movement of capital </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">2.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">2.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">6. Company law </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#f46d43">1.5 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#3288bd">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">7. Intellectual property law </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#66c2a5">4.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">8. Competition policy </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">2.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#f46d43">1.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">9. Financial services </th> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">2.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">28. Consumer and health protection </th> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Cluster 3: Competitiveness and inclusive growth </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">10. Digital transformation and media </th> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <th rowspan="8"> </th> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <th rowspan="8"> </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <th rowspan="8"> </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">16. Taxation </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">2.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">17. Economic and monetary policy </th> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">19. Social policy and employment </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#f46d43">1.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">20. Enterprise and industrial policy </th> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">2.5 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">25. Science and research </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#3288bd">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">26. Education and culture </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">2.5 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">29. Customs union </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Cluster 4: The Green agenda and sustainable connectivity </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">14. Transport </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <th rowspan="4"> </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <th rowspan="4"> </th> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <th rowspan="4"> </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">15. Energy </th> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">21. Trans-European networks </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#3288bd">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">27. Environment and climate change </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#f46d43">1.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#f46d43">1.5 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Cluster 5: Resources, agriculture and cohesion </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">11. Agriculture and rural development </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <th rowspan="5"> </th> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <th rowspan="5"> </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <th rowspan="5"> </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">12. Food safety, veterinary and phytosanitary policy </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">2.5 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">13. Fisheries and aquaculture </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">22. Regional policy and coordination of structural instruments </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#f46d43">1.5 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">33. Financial and budgetary provisions </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <td>— </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Cluster 6: External relations </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">30. External relations </th> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <th rowspan="3"> </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <th rowspan="3"> </th> <td style="background:#d53e4f">1 </td> <th rowspan="3"> </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">31. Foreign, security and defence policy </th> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#e6f598">3.5 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">4 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">3 </td> <td>— </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Average level </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">2.82 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">1.99 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">3.18 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">3.06 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">3.13 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">2.22 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">1.64 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">2.18 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">1.99 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">2.99 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">5 Well advanced</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">4.5 Good / Well advanced</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">4 Good level of preparation</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">3.5 Moderate / Good</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">3 Moderately prepared</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">2.5 Some / Moderate</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">2 Some level of preparation</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">1.5 Early stage / Some</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">1 Early stage</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Progress_over_the_past_year">Progress over the past year</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Progress over the past year">edit</a>]</div> The table below shows the progress over the past year of applicant countries on a 4-point scale, using data from the European Commission's 2024 reports. The analysis is based on the analysis performed by the online media outlet European Pravda for Ukraine; scores for other countries, as well as additional sections (public administration reform and economic criteria) were added based on official data from the European Commission's reports.<a href="#cite_note-179">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[174]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><big>Chapter</big> </th> <th colspan="6">Candidates negotiating </th> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2">Candidates </th> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th>Applicant / Potential candidate </th> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th>Candidate with frozen negotiations </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">Albania</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Moldova</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Montenegro</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">North Macedonia</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Serbia</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Ukraine</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Georgia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Georgia to the European Union">Georgia</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">Kosovo</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Turkey</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Cluster 1: The fundamentals of the accession process </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Public administration reform </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <th rowspan="8"> </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <th rowspan="8"> </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <th rowspan="8"> </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">23. Judiciary and fundamental rights </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#d53e4f">-4 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">24. Justice, freedom and security </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">The existence of a functioning market economy </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">The capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">5. Public procurement </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">18. Statistics </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">32. Financial control </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Cluster 2: Internal Market </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">1. Free movement of goods </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <th rowspan="9"> </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <th rowspan="9"> </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <th rowspan="9"> </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">2. Freedom of movement for workers </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">3. Right of establishment and freedom to provide services </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">4. Free movement of capital </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">6. Company law </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">7. Intellectual property law </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#66c2a5">4 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">8. Competition policy </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">9. Financial services </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">28. Consumer and health protection </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Cluster 3: Competitiveness and inclusive growth </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">10. Digital transformation and media </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#66c2a5">4 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <th rowspan="8"> </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <th rowspan="8"> </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <th rowspan="8"> </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">16. Taxation </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">17. Economic and monetary policy </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">19. Social policy and employment </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">20. Enterprise and industrial policy </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">25. Science and research </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">26. Education and culture </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">29. Customs union </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Cluster 4: The Green agenda and sustainable connectivity </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">14. Transport </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <th rowspan="4"> </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <th rowspan="4"> </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <th rowspan="4"> </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">15. Energy </th> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">21. Trans-European networks </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">27. Environment and climate change </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Cluster 5: Resources, agriculture and cohesion </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">11. Agriculture and rural development </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <th rowspan="5"> </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <th rowspan="5"> </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <th rowspan="5"> </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">12. Food safety, veterinary and phytosanitary policy </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">13. Fisheries and aquaculture </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">22. Regional policy and coordination of structural instruments </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">33. Financial and budgetary provisions </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td>— </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:left">Cluster 6: External relations </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">30. External relations </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <th rowspan="3"> </th> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <th rowspan="3"> </th> <td style="background:#fee08b">1 </td> <th rowspan="3"> </th> <td style="background:#ffffbf">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">31. Foreign, security and defence policy </th> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#abdda4">3 </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td> <td>— </td> <td style="background:#fdae61">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Average progress </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">1.56 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">1.89 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">1.83 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">1.39 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">1.08 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">1.78 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">0.61 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">1.06 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">1.50 </th> <th style="background:#e9ecf0">1.08 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">4 Very good progress</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">3 Good progress</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">2.5 Some / Good progress</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">2 Some progress</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">1 Limited progress</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">0 No progress</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">-4 Backsliding</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="States_not_on_the_agenda">States not on the agenda</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: States not on the agenda">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign relations of the European Union</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_future_possible_members_2.0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/European_Union_future_possible_members_2.0.svg/220px-European_Union_future_possible_members_2.0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/European_Union_future_possible_members_2.0.svg/330px-European_Union_future_possible_members_2.0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/European_Union_future_possible_members_2.0.svg/440px-European_Union_future_possible_members_2.0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Countries that could join the European Union <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Current members</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Candidates</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Applicant</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Membership possible</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries located (at least partially) in Europe</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Application rejected by the European Council</div></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a> (Article 49) states that any European country (as defined by a <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_criteria#Geographic_criteria" title="Copenhagen criteria">European Council assessment</a>) that is committed to <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> may apply for membership in the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-Cfm-181">[175]</a> In addition to European states, other countries have also been speculated or proposed as future members of the EU. States in Europe that have chosen, for various reasons, not to join the EU have integrated with it to different extents according to their circumstances. Iceland, Norway, and Liechtenstein participate directly in the single market via the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">EEA</a>, Switzerland does so via bilateral treaties and the other <a href="/wiki/European_microstates" title="European microstates">European microstates</a> (<a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>) have specific agreements with the EU and neighbouring countries, including their use of the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> as their currency. Most of these countries are also part of the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>. Norway, Iceland, and Switzerland have all previously had live applications to join the EU, which have been withdrawn or otherwise frozen. Such applications could be resubmitted in the event of a change in the political landscape. <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6" style="width:200px"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_Armenia_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/European_Union_Armenia_Locator.svg/200px-European_Union_Armenia_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/European_Union_Armenia_Locator.svg/300px-European_Union_Armenia_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/European_Union_Armenia_Locator.svg/400px-European_Union_Armenia_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a> </th> <td style="width:100px">Main article: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Armenia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Armenia to the European Union">Accession of Armenia to the European Union</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Relationship: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93EU_Comprehensive_and_Enhanced_Partnership_Agreement" title="Armenia–EU Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement">Armenia–EU Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[176]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Main obstacles: </td> <td>Membership of competing <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a>, security dependency on <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[177]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Proponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Movement_Party" title="Armenian National Movement Party">Armenian National Movement Party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-184">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bright_Armenia" title="Bright Armenia">Bright Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Contract_(Armenia)" title="Civil Contract (Armenia)">Civil Contract</a>,<a href="#cite_note-hraparak.am-185">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[180]</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Party_of_Armenia" title="European Party of Armenia">European Party of Armenia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-187">[181]</a> <a href="/wiki/For_The_Republic_Party" title="For The Republic Party">For The Republic Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_Democrats_(Armenia)" title="Free Democrats (Armenia)">Free Democrats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heritage_(Armenia)" title="Heritage (Armenia)">Heritage</a>,<a href="#cite_note-about-188">[182]</a> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Armenia" title="People's Party of Armenia">People's Party of Armenia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-189">[183]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hanrapetutyun_Party" title="Hanrapetutyun Party">Republic Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orinats_Yerkir" title="Orinats Yerkir">Rule of Law</a>,<a href="#cite_note-190">[184]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Armenia_Party" title="Sovereign Armenia Party">Sovereign Armenia Party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-191">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Union_for_National_Self-Determination" title="Union for National Self-Determination">Union for National Self-Determination</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[186]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prosperous_Armenia" title="Prosperous Armenia">Prosperous Armenia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-193">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Armenia" title="Republican Party of Armenia">Republican Party of Armenia</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[188]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public opinion: </td> <td>58% in favour, 13% against (2024 poll)<a href="#cite_note-195">[189]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6" style="width:200px"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_Belarus_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/European_Union_Belarus_Locator.svg/200px-European_Union_Belarus_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/European_Union_Belarus_Locator.svg/300px-European_Union_Belarus_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/European_Union_Belarus_Locator.svg/400px-European_Union_Belarus_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a> </th> <td style="width:100px">Main article: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_relations#Membership" title="Belarus–European Union relations">Belarus–European Union relations</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Relationship: </td> <td>Participation in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a> (suspended on 28 June 2021). As of 2020 the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> does not recognise <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a> as the legitimate president of <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Main obstacles: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a>'s authoritarian rule, <a href="/wiki/Eurosceptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurosceptic">Eurosceptic</a> government, Russian political influence, <a href="/wiki/Union_State" title="Union State">Union State</a> (integration with Russia). </td></tr> <tr> <td>Proponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Christian_Democracy" title="Belarusian Christian Democracy">Belarusian Christian Democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/BPF_Party" title="BPF Party">BPF Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Forces_of_Belarus" title="United Democratic Forces of Belarus">United Democratic Forces of Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Liberal_Party_of_Freedom_and_Progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian Liberal Party of Freedom and Progress">Belarusian Liberal Party of Freedom and Progress</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Civic_Party_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="United Civic Party of Belarus">United Civic Party of Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Social_Democratic_Party_(Assembly)" title="Belarusian Social Democratic Party (Assembly)">Belarusian Social Democratic Party (Assembly)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Social_Democratic_Assembly" title="Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly">Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opponents: </td> <td>Russian government, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belaya_Rus" title="Belaya Rus">Belaya Rus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public opinion: </td> <td>42.1% in favour (2013 poll with several options)<a href="#cite_note-196">[190]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6" style="width:200px"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_Iceland_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/European_Union_Iceland_Locator.svg/200px-European_Union_Iceland_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/European_Union_Iceland_Locator.svg/300px-European_Union_Iceland_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/European_Union_Iceland_Locator.svg/400px-European_Union_Iceland_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="606" /></a> </th> <td style="width:100px">Main article: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iceland–European Union relations">Iceland–European Union relations</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Relationship: </td> <td>Member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>, frozen membership application. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Main obstacles: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Common Fisheries Policy</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations#Explanations_for_Iceland's_non-membership_of_the_European_Union" title="Iceland–European Union relations">and others</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Proponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Alliance" title="Social Democratic Alliance">Social Democratic Alliance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B0reisn" title="Viðreisn">Liberal Reform Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(Iceland)" title="Independence Party (Iceland)">Independence Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Iceland)" title="Progressive Party (Iceland)">Progressive Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Left-Green_Movement" title="Left-Green Movement">Left-Green Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Iceland)" title="People's Party (Iceland)">People's Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Iceland)" title="Centre Party (Iceland)">Centre Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public opinion: </td> <td>45% in favour, 35% against (2025 poll).<a href="#cite_note-198">[192]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6" style="width:200px"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_Norway_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/European_Union_Norway_Locator.svg/200px-European_Union_Norway_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/European_Union_Norway_Locator.svg/300px-European_Union_Norway_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/European_Union_Norway_Locator.svg/400px-European_Union_Norway_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="606" /></a> </th> <td style="width:100px">Main article: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations#Membership_debate" title="Norway–European Union relations">Norway–European Union relations</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Relationship: </td> <td>Member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>, frozen application, but not withdrawn. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Main obstacles: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Common Fisheries Policy</a> <a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations#Membership_debate" title="Norway–European Union relations">and others</a>, public opinion. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Proponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Norway)" title="Conservative Party (Norway)">Conservative Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Norway)" title="Labour Party (Norway)">Labour Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Norway)" title="Liberal Party (Norway)">Liberal Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Norway)" title="Green Party (Norway)">Green Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progress_Party_(Norway)" title="Progress Party (Norway)">Progress Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Norway)" title="Centre Party (Norway)">Centre Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Party_(Norway)" title="Red Party (Norway)">Red Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Left_Party_(Norway)" title="Socialist Left Party (Norway)">Socialist Left Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public opinion: </td> <td>30% in favour, 56% against (2024 poll).<a href="#cite_note-199">[193]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6" style="width:200px"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_Russia_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/European_Union_Russia_Locator.svg/200px-European_Union_Russia_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/European_Union_Russia_Locator.svg/300px-European_Union_Russia_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/European_Union_Russia_Locator.svg/400px-European_Union_Russia_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="328" /></a> </th> <td style="width:100px">Main article: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations#Membership" title="Russia–European Union relations">Russia–European Union relations</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Relationship: </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Main obstacles: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>'s authoritarian rule, <a href="/wiki/Eurosceptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurosceptic">Eurosceptic</a> government, and occupation of territories within <a href="/wiki/Occupied_territories_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied territories of Georgia">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_presence_in_Transnistria" title="Russian military presence in Transnistria">Moldova</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Proponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yabloko" title="Yabloko">Yabloko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Russia" title="Democratic Party of Russia">Democratic Party of Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/5th_of_December_Party" title="5th of December Party">5th of December Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Alternative_(Russia)" title="Green Alternative (Russia)">Green Alternative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Russia" title="United Russia">United Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Communist Party of the Russian Federation">Communist Party of the Russian Federation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Russia">Liberal Democratic Party of Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/For_Truth" title="For Truth">For Truth</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Patriotic_Forces_of_Russia" title="National Patriotic Forces of Russia">National Patriotic Forces of Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public opinion: </td> <td>38% in favour, 40% against (2013 poll).<a href="#cite_note-200">[194]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/31px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6" style="width:200px"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_San_Marino_Locator.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/European_Union_San_Marino_Locator.png/200px-European_Union_San_Marino_Locator.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/European_Union_San_Marino_Locator.png/300px-European_Union_San_Marino_Locator.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/European_Union_San_Marino_Locator.png/400px-European_Union_San_Marino_Locator.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="422" /></a> </th> <td style="width:100px">Main article: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Marino%E2%80%93European_Union_relations#Full_membership" title="San Marino–European Union relations">San Marino–European Union relations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">Microstates and the European Union</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Relationship: </td> <td>Bilateral treaties, open border, customs union, and euro adoption. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Main obstacles: </td> <td>Small size.<a href="#cite_note-201">[195]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Proponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Left_(San_Marino)" title="United Left (San Marino)">United Left</a>,<a href="#cite_note-202">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/Future_Republic" title="Future Republic">Future Republic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-203">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/Libera_San_Marino" title="Libera San Marino">Libera San Marino</a>,<a href="#cite_note-204">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[199]</a> <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Party of Socialists and Democrats">Party of Socialists and Democrats</a>,<a href="#cite_note-206">[200]</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(San_Marino)" title="Socialist Party (San Marino)">Socialist Party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-207">[201]</a> For San Marino<a href="#cite_note-208">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[203]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Christian_Democratic_Party" title="Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party">Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-210">[204]</a> Sammarinese Social Right Movement </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public opinion: </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/2013_San_Marino_referendum" title="2013 San Marino referendum">referendum in 2013 on applying for EU membership</a> resulted in 50.3% approving, but it failed due to insufficient turnout.<a href="#cite_note-211">[205]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6" style="width:200px"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_Switzerland_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/European_Union_Switzerland_Locator.svg/200px-European_Union_Switzerland_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/European_Union_Switzerland_Locator.svg/300px-European_Union_Switzerland_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/European_Union_Switzerland_Locator.svg/400px-European_Union_Switzerland_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="606" /></a> </th> <td style="width:100px">Main article: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations#Proposals_for_EU_membership" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">Switzerland–European Union relations</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Relationship: </td> <td>Bilateral treaties allowing participation in the <a href="/wiki/European_Single_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="European Single Market">European Single Market</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>, withdrawn membership application. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Main obstacles: </td> <td>Swiss public opinion and direct democracy. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Proponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">Green Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Social Democratic Party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-212">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">Green Liberal Party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-EuropeElectsCH-213">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/Volt_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Volt Switzerland">Volt Switzerland</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[208]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">Swiss People's Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland">Evangelical People's Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ticino_League" title="Ticino League">Ticino League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Democratic_Union_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland">Federal Democratic Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Party_of_Labour" title="Swiss Party of Labour">Swiss Party of Labour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Switzerland)" title="Solidarity (Switzerland)">Solidarity</a>,<a href="#cite_note-EuropeElectsCH-213">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_an_Independent_and_Neutral_Switzerland" title="Campaign for an Independent and Neutral Switzerland">Campaign for an Independent and Neutral Switzerland</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[210]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public opinion: </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/2001_Swiss_referendums" title="2001 Swiss referendums">Swiss referendum on restarting EU membership negotiations in 2001</a> was defeated by 76.8%.<a href="#cite_note-217">[211]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6" style="width:200px"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_United_Kingdom_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Union_United_Kingdom_Locator.svg/200px-European_Union_United_Kingdom_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Union_United_Kingdom_Locator.svg/300px-European_Union_United_Kingdom_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Union_United_Kingdom_Locator.svg/400px-European_Union_United_Kingdom_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="606" /></a> </th> <td style="width:100px">Main article: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Potential_re-accession_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_the_European_Union" title="Potential re-accession of the United Kingdom to the European Union">Potential re-accession of the United Kingdom to the European Union</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Relationship: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">Withdrawal agreement</a>, <a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Union" title="United Kingdom membership of the European Union">past membership</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Main obstacles: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">January 2020 withdrawal</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Proponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a>,<a href="#cite_note-218">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-219">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opponents: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-220">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK">Reform UK</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public opinion: </td> <td> 51% in favour of rejoining, 35% against, 12% neither/don't know (23–25 May 2024, Deltapoll).<a href="#cite_note-221">[215]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenia">Armenia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Armenia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Armenia–European Union relations">Armenia–European Union relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Armenia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Armenia to the European Union">Accession of Armenia to the European Union</a></div> On 5 March 2024, Armenian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan" title="Nikol Pashinyan">Nikol Pashinyan</a> said that his country would apply for EU candidacy by autumn 2024 at the latest.<a href="#cite_note-hraparak.am-185">[179]</a> On 12 March 2024, the European Parliament passed a resolution confirming Armenia met <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Consolidated_version_of_the_Treaty_on_European_Union/Title_VI:_Final_Provisions#Article_49" class="extiw" title="s:Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union/Title VI: Final Provisions">Article 49</a> requirements and that the country may apply for EU membership.<a href="#cite_note-222">[216]</a> At the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Democracies" title="Alliance of Democracies">Copenhagen Democracy Summit</a>, Pashinyan stated that if possible he would like Armenia to become a member of the European Union <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">this year</q>.<a href="#cite_note-223">[217]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Platform_of_Democratic_Forces#Eurovote_petition" title="United Platform of Democratic Forces">A petition</a> calling for a referendum on whether Armenia should apply for membership of the EU,<a href="#cite_note-224">[218]</a> which was supported by Pashinyan,<a href="#cite_note-225">[219]</a> succeeded in reaching the 50,000 signatures required in order to be submitted for a vote in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Armenia)" title="National Assembly (Armenia)">National Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[221]</a> The bill<a href="#cite_note-NAprocedure-228">[222]</a> was supported by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Armenia" title="Government of Armenia">Armenian government</a>, with Pashinyan elaborating that if it was approved then a roadmap should be agreed to with the European Union prior to holding the referendum.<a href="#cite_note-229">[223]</a> The decision for the government to support the bill was reported to be the first step of "the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Armenia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Armenia to the European Union">accession process of the Republic of Armenia to the European Union</a>".<a href="#cite_note-230">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[225]</a> On 24 January 2025, the Standing Committee on European Integration of the National Assembly of Armenia unanimously adopted the draft law on the launch of the accession process of Armenia to the European Union. The bill is expected to be discussed in the General Assembly in February 2025.<a href="#cite_note-232">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iceland">Iceland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Iceland">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iceland–European Union relations">Iceland–European Union relations</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Iceland_to_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession of Iceland to the European Union">Iceland had active accession negotiations</a> from July 2010 until September 2013, but then the membership application was at first suspended and then withdrawn by the Icelandic government. Since March 2022, opinion polls however showed a stable support for Iceland to join the EU. There was a renewed call in September 2022 for a referendum on resuming EU membership negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-233">[227]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2024_Icelandic_parliamentary_election" title="2024 Icelandic parliamentary election">2024 Icelandic parliamentary election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Alliance" title="Social Democratic Alliance">Social Democratic Alliance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B0reisn" title="Viðreisn">Viðreisn</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Iceland)" title="People's Party (Iceland)">People's Party</a> formed a new coalition government, which agreed to hold a <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Icelandic European Union membership referendum">referendum on resuming negotiations on EU membership</a> by 2027.<a href="#cite_note-234">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_proposals">Other proposals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other proposals">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> are <a href="/wiki/European_microstates" title="European microstates">European microstates</a> that are not on the agenda of the EU to be members, nor their own. (See: <a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">Microstates and the European Union</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> are transcontinental states with some territory in Europe. These countries are not on the agenda of the EU to be members, nor their own. (See: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Azerbaijan–European Union relations">Azerbaijan–European Union relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Kazakhstan–European Union relations">Kazakhstan–European Union relations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> is a non-European country with values, culture, trade, and politics closely linked with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>. Its membership has been proposed due to this.<a href="#cite_note-235">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[230]</a> (See: <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Canada–European Union relations">Canada–European Union relations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> are non-European countries with close historical and political relations with the EU. (See: <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Cape Verde–European Union relations">Cape Verde–European Union relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Israel–European Union relations">Israel–European Union relations</a>)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> is a sovereign entity without territory that has extraterritorial headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Malta" title="Palazzo Malta">Palazzo Malta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villa_del_Priorato_di_Malta" title="Villa del Priorato di Malta">Villa Malta</a>, as well as observer status in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>. (See: <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta–European Union relations">Sovereign Military Order of Malta–European Union relations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">country of the United Kingdom</a> that was part of the European Union as a result of the UK's membership, until <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">the latter withdrew from the EU</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a>, which leads Scotland's <a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">devolved</a> <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">government</a>, supports Scotland joining the EU as an <a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">independent state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[231]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internal_enlargement_scenarios">Internal enlargement scenarios</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Internal enlargement scenarios">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawal from the European Union</a></div> Internal enlargement is the process of new member states arising from the break-up of an existing member state.<a href="#cite_note-238">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[234]</a> There have been and are a number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_separatist_movements_in_Europe" title="List of active separatist movements in Europe">active separatist movements within member states</a> (for example in <a href="/wiki/Catalan_independentism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan independentism">Catalonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Partition of Belgium">Flanders</a>) but there are no clear agreements, treaties or precedents covering the scenario of an existing EU member state breaking into two or more states, both of which wish to remain EU member states. The question is whether one state is a successor and one a new applicant or, alternatively, both are new states which must be admitted to the EU.<a href="#cite_note-241">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[236]</a> In some cases, a region desires to leave its state and the EU, namely those regions wishing to <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_Switzerland#Proposals_for_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlargement of Switzerland">join Switzerland</a>. But most, namely the two movements that held referendums during the 2010s, Scotland and Catalonia, see their future as independent states within the EU. This results in great interest in whether, once independent, they would retain EU membership or conversely whether they would have to re-apply. In the later case, since new members must be approved unanimously, any other state which has an interest in blocking their membership to deter similar independence movements could do so.<a href="#cite_note-scot_apply-243">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-cat_pro_eu-244">[238]</a> Additionally, it is unclear whether the successor state would retain any <a href="/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union" title="Opt-outs in the European Union">opt-outs</a> that the parent state was entitled to. <dl><dt>Opinions on membership</dt></dl> <ul><li>European Commission <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the European Commission</a> (2014–2019): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">If there were to be a 'yes' vote in favour of Catalan independence, then we will respect that opinion. But Catalonia will not be able to be an EU member state on the day after such a vote.</q><a href="#cite_note-245">[239]</a> This was repeated in October in an official press release: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">We [...] reiterate the legal position held by this Commission as well as by its predecessors. If a referendum were to be organised in line with the Spanish Constitution it would mean that the territory leaving would find itself outside of the European Union.</q><a href="#cite_note-246">[240]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Barroso" title="José Manuel Barroso">José Manuel Barroso</a>, President of the European Commission (2004–2014), stated in 2012 in the context of the <a href="/wiki/2014_Scottish_independence_referendum" title="2014 Scottish independence referendum">2014 referendum for independence in Scotland</a>, that any newly independent country would have to apply for membership and negotiate its terms, but that the <a href="/wiki/Rump_state" title="Rump state">rest of the original country</a> would not have to re-negotiate its position and would continue its membership.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-247">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[242]</a> In 2014 he said that it would have been 'very difficult' for an independent Scotland to join the EU, 'if not impossible', because of the difficulty of getting the approval of all member states, particularly Spain, which fears a possible secession of <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> and has blocked <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>'s accession to the EU.<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph16Feb2014a-249">[243]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia" title="Joaquín Almunia">Joaquín Almunia</a> (Spanish, being at the time an EU Commissioner) in 2013 claimed that Catalonia would have to apply for EU membership in the event of secession from Spain.<a href="#cite_note-250">[244]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Government of Spain <ul><li>Spanish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a>, said in November 2013 that an independent Scotland's entry to the EU would require the consent of all existing members and that an independent Scotland or other regions gaining independence, taken as a reference to Catalonia, would end up outside of the EU.<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-Rajoy-251">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-Scotsman03Feb2014a-252">[246]</a></li> <li>Spanish Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Garc%C3%ADa-Margallo_y_Marfil" class="mw-redirect" title="José García-Margallo y Marfil">José García-Margallo</a>, having said in February 2012 that Spain would not veto Scottish accession to the EU, provided Scottish independence had UK agreement (thus making it different from Catalan independence).<a href="#cite_note-Express26Feb2012a-253">[247]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basque_Country">Basque Country</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Basque Country">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque nationalism</a></div> The presence of a strong Basque Nationalist movement, a majority in several territories of the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque Country</a>, makes possible the future existence of an independent Basque Country under different potential territorial configurations. In overall terms the Basque nationalism is pro-European. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catalonia">Catalonia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Catalonia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Catalan_independence_movement" title="Catalan independence movement">Catalan independence movement</a></div> On 1 October 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Catalan_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan government">Catalan government</a> held a <a href="/wiki/2017_Catalan_independence_referendum" title="2017 Catalan independence referendum">referendum on independence</a>, which had been declared illegal by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court of Spain</a>, with potential polling stations being cordoned off by riot police. The subsequent events constituted a political crisis for Catalonia. The EU's position is to keep distance from the crisis while supporting Spain's territorial integrity and constitution.<a href="#cite_note-254">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[249]</a> While the debate around Scotland's referendum may inform the Catalan crisis, Catalonia is in a distinct situation from Scotland whereby the central government does not recognise the legitimacy of any independence declaration from Catalonia. If Spain does not recognise the independence of a Catalan state, Catalonia cannot separately join the EU and it is still recognised as part of Spain's EU membership. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corsica">Corsica</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Corsica">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Corsican_nationalism" title="Corsican nationalism">Corsican nationalism</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a> has a strong and electorally successful <a href="/wiki/Corsican_nationalism" title="Corsican nationalism">nationalist movement</a>, with positions ranging from autonomy to outright independence, the latter option with around 10–15% public support.<a href="#cite_note-256">[250]</a> The independist party <a href="/wiki/Corsica_Libera" title="Corsica Libera">Corsica Libera</a> envisions an independent Corsica within the European Union as a union of various European peoples, as well as recommendations for alignment within European directives.<a href="#cite_note-257">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flanders">Flanders</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Flanders">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish Movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Partition of Belgium">Partition of Belgium</a></div> There is an <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">active movement</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement#Separatists" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish independence</a> or <a href="/wiki/Greater_Netherlands_thought" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Netherlands thought">union with the Netherlands</a>. The future status of <a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Wallonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">de facto capital of the EU</a>) are unclear as viable political states, perhaps producing a unique situation from <a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catalonian_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalonian independence">Catalonia</a>. There are various proposals, both within and outside the independentist movement, for <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Belgium#Brussels" class="mw-redirect" title="Partition of Belgium">what should happen to Brussels</a>, ranging from staying part of the Belgian rump state, to joining the hypothetical Flemish state, to becoming a separate political entity.<a href="#cite_note-uclouvain-258">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-cafebabel-259">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sardinia">Sardinia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sardinia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_nationalism" title="Sardinian nationalism">Sardinian nationalism</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> has a strong and electorally successful <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_nationalism" title="Sardinian nationalism">nationalist movement</a>, with positions ranging from autonomy to outright independence. Generally associated with <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing politics</a>, the Sardinian movement is largely pro-European and pro-<a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-260">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[255]</a> According to a 2012 survey conducted in a joint effort between the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cagliari" title="University of Cagliari">University of Cagliari</a> and that of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>,<a href="#cite_note-262">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[258]</a> 41% of <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_people" title="Sardinian people">Sardinians</a> would be in favour of independence (with 10% choosing it from both Italy and the European Union, and 31% only from Italy with Sardinia remaining in the EU), whilst another 46% would rather have a larger autonomy within Italy and the EU, including fiscal power; 12% of people would be content to remain part of Italy and the EU with a Regional Council without any fiscal powers, and 1% in Italy and the EU without a Regional Council and fiscal powers.<a href="#cite_note-265">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ruggiu-267">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[265]</a> A 2017 poll by the Ixè Institute found that 51% of those questioned identified as Sardinian (as opposed to an Italian average of 15% identifying by their region of origin), rather than Italian (19%), European (11%) and/or citizen of the world (19%).<a href="#cite_note-272">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[267]</a> Sardinian nationalists address a number of issues, such as the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">environmental damage</a> caused by the military forces<a href="#cite_note-274">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[276]</a> (about 60% of such bases in Italy are located on the island),<a href="#cite_note-283">[277]</a> the financial and economic exploitation of the island's resources by the Italian state and mainland industrialists,<a href="#cite_note-284">[278]</a> the lack of any political representation both in Italy and in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[280]</a> (due to an unbalanced electoral constituency that still remains to this day,<a href="#cite_note-287">[281]</a> Sardinia has not had its own MEP since 1994),<a href="#cite_note-288">[282]</a> the nuclear power and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear waste">waste</a> (on which a referendum was proposed by a Sardist party,<a href="#cite_note-289">[283]</a> being held in 2011<a href="#cite_note-290">[284]</a>) and the ongoing process of depopulation and Italianization that would destroy the Sardinian indigenous culture.<a href="#cite_note-291">[285]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veneto">Veneto</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Veneto">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Venetian_nationalism" title="Venetian nationalism">Venetian nationalism</a></div> Similarly to Sardinia, <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> has a strong and electorally successful <a href="/wiki/Venetian_nationalism" title="Venetian nationalism">nationalist movement</a>, with positions ranging from autonomy to outright independence. In a <a href="/wiki/2014_Venetian_independence_referendum" title="2014 Venetian independence referendum">controversial online poll</a> held in 2014, 89% of participants were in favour of Veneto becoming "a federal, independent and sovereign state" and 55% supported accession to European Union membership.<a href="#cite_note-RischioCalcolato-292">[286]</a> Three years later, in the <a href="/wiki/2017_Venetian_autonomy_referendum" title="2017 Venetian autonomy referendum">2017 autonomy referendum</a>, with a 58% turnout, 98% of the participants voted in favour of "further forms and special conditions of autonomy to be attributed to the Region of Veneto".<a href="#cite_note-293">[287]</a> Consequently, negotiations between the Venetian government and the Italian one started. The longstanding and largest Venetist party, <a href="/wiki/Liga_Veneta" title="Liga Veneta">Liga Veneta</a> (LV), was established in 1979 under the slogan "farther from <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, closer to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>",<a href="#cite_note-294">[288]</a> but has later adopted more <a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Eurosceptic</a> positions. <a href="/wiki/Luca_Zaia" title="Luca Zaia">Luca Zaia</a>, a LV member who has served as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Veneto" title="President of Veneto">president of Veneto</a> since 2010, usually self-describes as a <a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">pro-Europeanist</a> and has long advocated for a "Europe of regions" and "macro-regions".<a href="#cite_note-295">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[292]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Member_state_expansion_scenarios">Member state expansion scenarios</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Member state expansion scenarios">edit</a>]</div> This scenario consists of the event of an EU member state taking over a land area outside the union, previously independent or part of a different country. One such event has taken place in history, when <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> became part of a united Germany in 1991. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyprus">Cyprus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cyprus">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Northern_Cyprus_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union–Northern Cyprus relations">European Union–Northern Cyprus relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EU_and_TRNC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/EU_and_TRNC.svg/220px-EU_and_TRNC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/EU_and_TRNC.svg/330px-EU_and_TRNC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/EU_and_TRNC.svg/440px-EU_and_TRNC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Area shown in orange under control of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></figcaption></figure> Officially, the <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island nation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> is part of the European Union, under the <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> sovereignty of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Cyprus">Republic of Cyprus</a>. <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a> are citizens of the Republic of Cyprus and thus of the European Union, and were entitled to vote in the <a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election" title="2004 European Parliament election">2004 European Parliament election</a> (though only a few hundred registered). The EU's <a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">acquis communautaire</a> is suspended indefinitely in the northern third of the island, which has remained outside the control of the Republic of Cyprus since the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of 1974</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriot</a> community rejected the <a href="/wiki/Annan_Plan_for_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Annan Plan for Cyprus">Annan Plan</a> for the settlement of the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a> in a <a href="/wiki/2004_Annan_Plan_Referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Annan Plan Referendum">referendum</a> on 24 April 2004. Had the referendum been in favour of the settlement proposal, the island (excluding the British <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Base_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign Base Areas">Sovereign Base Areas</a>) would have joined the European Union as the United Cyprus Republic. The European Union's relations with the Turkish Cypriot Community are handled by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Enlargement_(European_Commission)" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate-General for Enlargement (European Commission)">Directorate-General for Enlargement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-299">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ireland">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> has recognised that following the <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">UK withdrawal from the EU</a>, if <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> were to be incorporated into a <a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">united Ireland</a> it would automatically rejoin the EU under the current Irish membership. A historical precedent for this was the incorporation of <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a> as a single European Communities member state.<a href="#cite_note-300">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romania">Romania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Romania">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">Unification of Moldova and Romania</a></div> Opinion polls in both <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> show significant support for the unification of the two countries, based on their reciprocal historical and cultural ties.<a href="#cite_note-302">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-gisreportsonline.com-303">[297]</a> Such a scenario would result in Moldova becoming part of an enlarged Romania and therefore receiving the benefits and obligations of the latter's EU membership.<a href="#cite_note-304">[298]</a> An obstacle would be the existence of the breakaway <a href="/wiki/Pridnestrovian_Moldavian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic">Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic</a> (Transnistria), which is considered by Moldova and most of the international community to be de jure part of Moldova's sovereign territory but is de facto independent. Transnistria's absence of strong historical or cultural links to Romania and its close political and military relationship with Russia have been seen as major hurdles to integration of the region with both Romania and the EU.<a href="#cite_note-gisreportsonline.com-303">[297]</a> Another likely barrier from within Moldova would be opposition on the part of the autonomous territory of <a href="/wiki/Gagauzia" title="Gagauzia">Gagauzia</a>, whose population has been mostly against integration with Romania since at least the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-305">[299]</a> A 2014 referendum held by the Gagauzian government showed both overwhelming support for the region joining the <a href="/wiki/Customs_Union_of_the_Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union">Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union</a> and a similar level of rejection to closer ties with the EU.<a href="#cite_note-306">[300]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Possible_incorporation_of_special_member_state_territories">Possible incorporation of special member state territories</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Possible incorporation of special member state territories">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union.svg/220px-Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union.svg/330px-Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union.svg/440px-Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  European Union</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Outermost regions</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Overseas countries and territories</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Special cases</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other special territories</div></figcaption></figure> There are multiple <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_their_relations_with_the_EU" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and their relations with the EU">special member state territories</a>, some of which are not fully covered by the EU treaties and apply EU law only partially, if at all. It is possible for a dependency to change its status regarding the EU or some particular treaty or law provision. The territory may change its status from participation to leaving or from being outside to joining. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Danish_self-governing_territories">Danish self-governing territories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Danish self-governing territories">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Faroe_Islands">Faroe Islands</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Faroe Islands">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands_and_the_European_Union" title="Faroe Islands and the European Union">Faroe Islands and the European Union</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>, a self-governing nation within the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Denmark">Kingdom of Denmark</a>, is not part of the EU, as explicitly asserted by both Rome treaties.<a href="#cite_note-307">[301]</a> The relations with the EU are governed by a Fisheries Agreement (1977) and a <a href="/wiki/Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Trade Agreement">Free Trade Agreement</a> (1991, revised 1998). The main reason for remaining outside the EU is disagreements about the <a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Common Fisheries Policy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-308">[302]</a> which disfavours countries with large fish resources. Also, every member has to pay for the <a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Common Agricultural Policy</a>, which favours countries having much agriculture which the Faroe Islands does not. When Iceland was in membership negotiations around 2010, there was a hope of better conditions for fish-rich countries[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>], but to no avail. The Common Fisheries Policy was introduced in 1970 for the very reason of getting access for the first EC members to waters of candidate countries, namely the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Denmark including the Faroe Islands.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Nevertheless, there are politicians, mainly in the right-wing <a href="/wiki/Union_Party_(Faroe_Islands)" title="Union Party (Faroe Islands)">Union Party</a> (Sambandsflokkurin), led by their chairman <a href="/wiki/Kaj_Leo_Johannesen" title="Kaj Leo Johannesen">Kaj Leo Johannesen</a>, who would like to see the Faroes as a member of the EU. However, the chairman of the left-wing <a href="/wiki/Republic_(Faroe_Islands)" title="Republic (Faroe Islands)">Republic</a> (Tjóðveldi), <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8gni_Hoydal" title="Høgni Hoydal">Høgni Hoydal</a>, has expressed concerns that if the Faroes were to join the EU as is, they might vanish inside the EU, comparing this with the situation of the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Shetland Islands">Shetland Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> today, and wants the local government to solve the political situation between the Faroes and Denmark first.<a href="#cite_note-309">[303]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greenland">Greenland</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Greenland">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Greenland_and_the_European_Union" title="Greenland and the European Union">Greenland and the European Union</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> is part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Denmark">Kingdom of Denmark</a>, and became part of the EEC (the predecessor entity of the EU) when Denmark joined in 1973. After the establishment of Greenland's <a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">home rule</a> in 1979, which made it an autonomous community, Greenland held a referendum on EEC membership. The result was (mainly because of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Common Fisheries Policy</a>) to leave, so on 1 February 1985, <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> left the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a> and <a href="/wiki/EURATOM" class="mw-redirect" title="EURATOM">EURATOM</a>. Its status was changed to that of an Overseas Country.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-310">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[305]</a> Danish nationals residing in Greenland (i.e. all native population) are nonetheless fully European citizens; they are not, however, entitled to vote in European elections. There has been some speculation as to whether Greenland may consider rejoining the now-European Union. On 4 January 2007, the Danish daily <a href="/wiki/Jyllands-Posten" title="Jyllands-Posten">Jyllands-Posten</a> quoted the former Danish <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Greenland" title="Minister for Greenland">minister for Greenland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_H%C3%B8yem" title="Tom Høyem">Tom Høyem</a>, as saying <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">I would not be surprised if Greenland again becomes a member of the EU... The EU needs the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_window" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic window">Arctic window</a> and Greenland cannot alone manage the gigantic Arctic possibilities</q>.<a href="#cite_note-312">[306]</a> Greenland has a lot of natural resources, and Greenland has, especially during the <a href="/wiki/2000s_commodities_boom" title="2000s commodities boom">2000s commodities boom</a>, contracted foreign private companies to exploit some of them, but the cost is considered too high, as Greenland is remote and severely lacks infrastructure which has to be built. After 2013 prices declined so such efforts stalled. The Brexit debate has reignited talk about the EU in Greenland with calls for the island to join the Union again.<a href="#cite_note-313">[307]</a> In 2024, an opinion poll found that 60 percent of Greenland's population would vote in favour of re-joining the EU.<a href="#cite_note-314">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch_Caribbean_territories">Dutch Caribbean territories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Dutch Caribbean territories">edit</a>]</div> The islands of <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a>, are constituent countries of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a> are <a href="/wiki/BES_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="BES islands">special Dutch municipalities</a>. All are <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Countries_and_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Countries and Territories">Overseas Countries and Territories</a> (OCT) under Annex II of the EC treaty.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-310">[304]</a> OCTs are considered to be "associated" with the EU and apply some portions of EU law. The islands are opting to become an <a href="/wiki/Outermost_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Outermost regions">Outermost Region</a> (OMR) of the EU, a status in which the islands form a part of the European Union, though they benefit from <a href="/wiki/Derogation" title="Derogation">derogations</a> (exceptions) from some EU laws due to their geographical remoteness from mainland Europe. The islands are focusing on gaining the same status as the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/French_overseas_departments" class="mw-redirect" title="French overseas departments">French overseas departments</a>. When Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba were established as Dutch public bodies after the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles" title="Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles">dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles</a> (which was an OCT) in 2010, their status within the EU was raised. Rather than change their status from an OCT to an outermost region, as their change in status within the Netherlands would imply, it was decided that their status would remain the same for at least five years. After those five years, their status would be reviewed.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] If it was decided that if one or all of the islands wish to integrate more with the EU then the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> provides for that following a unanimous decision from the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-315">[309]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Enlargement" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Enlargement">European Commissioner for Enlargement</a> <a href="/wiki/Danuta_H%C3%BCbner" title="Danuta Hübner">Danuta Hübner</a> has said before the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> that she does not expect many problems to occur with such a status change, as the population of the islands is only a few thousand people.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_overseas_departments_and_collectivities">French overseas departments and collectivities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: French overseas departments and collectivities">edit</a>]</div> The territories of <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> and <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> are <a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">overseas departments</a> of France and at the same time mono-departmental overseas regions. According to the EC treaty (article 299 2), all of these departments are <a href="/wiki/Outermost_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Outermost regions">outermost regions</a> (OMR) of the EU—hence provisions of the EC treaty apply there while derogations are allowed. The status of the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas collectivity</a> of <a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint-Martin</a> is also defined as OMR by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> and the overseas collectivities of <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Barthelemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Barthelemy">Saint-Barthelemy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a> are <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Countries_and_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Countries and Territories">Overseas Countries and Territories</a> of the EU.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-310">[304]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Caledonia">New Caledonia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: New Caledonia">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">overseas part</a> of France with its own unique status under the French Constitution, which is distinct from that of overseas departments and collectivities. It is defined as an "<a href="/wiki/Overseas_country_of_France" title="Overseas country of France">overseas country of France</a>" under the 1998 <a href="/wiki/Noum%C3%A9a_Accord" title="Nouméa Accord">Nouméa Accord</a>, and enjoys a high degree of self-government.<a href="#cite_note-316">[310]</a> Currently, in regard to the EU, it is one of the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT). As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Noum%C3%A9a_Accord" title="Nouméa Accord">Nouméa Accord</a>, New Caledonians voted in three consecutive independence referendums in <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Caledonian_independence_referendum" title="2018 New Caledonian independence referendum">2018</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_New_Caledonian_independence_referendum" title="2020 New Caledonian independence referendum">2020</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2021_New_Caledonian_independence_referendum" title="2021 New Caledonian independence referendum">2021</a>. The referendums were to determine whether the territory would remain a part of the French Republic as a "sui generis collectivity", or whether it would become an independent state. The accords also specify a gradual devolution of powers to the local New Caledonian assembly. The results of all three referendums determined that New Caledonia would remain a part of the French Republic. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronest_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euronest Parliamentary Assembly">Euronest Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Strategy_for_the_South_Caucasus" title="EU Strategy for the South Caucasus">EU Strategy for the South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_for_Pre-Accession_Assistance" title="Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance">Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance</a>, a funding mechanism for EU candidate countries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Europe" title="Politics of Europe">Politics of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_related_to_the_European_Union" title="Referendums related to the European Union">Referendums related to the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1994" title="Treaty of Accession 1994">Treaty of Accession 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2003" title="Treaty of Accession 2003">Treaty of Accession 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2005" title="Treaty of Accession 2005">Treaty of Accession 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2011" title="Treaty of Accession 2011">Treaty of Accession 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union#Withdrawals" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawal from the European Union</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Kosovo is also recognised as a potential candidate. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Bulgaria demanded: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">good neighbourly relations to be a criterion for the Republic of North Macedonia's membership in the EU; to use the official constitutional name of the Republic of North Macedonia instead of the short North Macedonia and the wording for the language should be the "official language" of the candidate country, not Macedonian.</q><a href="#cite_note-novinite.com-19">[18]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-enlargement_en">"Joining the EU"</a>. ec.europa.eu. 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The European Parliament. 19 May 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.eu.int/enlargement/briefings/23a2_en.htm">the original</a> on 21 March 2006. Retrieved 9 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+European+Parliament&rft.atitle=Legal+questions+of+enlargement&rft.date=1998-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.eu.int%2Fenlargement%2Fbriefings%2F23a2_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotential+enlargement+of+the+European+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Current Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Maastricht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Maastricht">Treaty on European Union</a> reads: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">The Union shall be founded on the present Treaty and on the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union</a>. Those <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_EU" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaties of the EU">two Treaties</a> shall have the same legal value. The Union shall replace and succeed the <a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a></q>. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecpd.org.rs/pdf/studies/Booklet_EU_Law.pdf">"European Union, Community Law And International Business Law"</a> (PDF). European Center for Peace and Development. p. 46. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110626095318/http://ecpd.org.rs/pdf/studies/Booklet_EU_Law.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 26 June 2011. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://euobserver.com/844/23194?rss_rk=1">the original</a> on 20 January 2008. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EUobserver+Review&rft.atitle=Greenland+could+re-join+the+EU&rft.date=2007-01-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2F844%2F23194%3Frss_rk%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotential+enlargement+of+the+European+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaume2016" class="citation web cs1">Baume, Maïa de La (22 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/greenland-exit-warning-to-britain-brexit-eu-referendum-europe-vote-news-denmark">"Greenland's exit warning to Britain"</a>. politico.eu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191018153048/https://www.politico.eu/article/greenland-exit-warning-to-britain-brexit-eu-referendum-europe-vote-news-denmark">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=politico.eu&rft.atitle=Greenland%27s+exit+warning+to+Britain&rft.date=2016-06-22&rft.aulast=Baume&rft.aufirst=Ma%C3%AFa+de+La&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fgreenland-exit-warning-to-britain-brexit-eu-referendum-europe-vote-news-denmark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotential+enlargement+of+the+European+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMads_Malik_Fuglsang_Holm2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mads Malik Fuglsang Holm (13 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knr.gl/da/nyheder/flertal-vil-have-groenland-tilbage-i-eu">"Opsigtsvækkende resultat: Flertal vil have Grønland tilbage i EU"</a> [Startling result: Majority wants Greenland back in the EU] (in Danish). Greenlandic Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 16 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opsigtsv%C3%A6kkende+resultat%3A+Flertal+vil+have+Gr%C3%B8nland+tilbage+i+EU&rft.pub=Greenlandic+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2024-12-13&rft.au=Mads+Malik+Fuglsang+Holm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknr.gl%2Fda%2Fnyheder%2Fflertal-vil-have-groenland-tilbage-i-eu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotential+enlargement+of+the+European+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025165313/http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/cg00014.en07.pdf">"Treaty of Lisbon Article 2, point 293"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/cg00014.en07.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treaty+of+Lisbon+Article+2%2C+point+293&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consilium.europa.eu%2Fuedocs%2FcmsUpload%2Fcg00014.en07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotential+enlargement+of+the+European+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130128203127/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/Pacific/New-Caledonia.php">"Countries – Pacific – New Caledonia – Information Paper – NZ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade"</a>. mfat.govt.nz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/Pacific/New-Caledonia.php">the original</a> on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mfat.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Countries+%E2%80%93+Pacific+%E2%80%93+New+Caledonia+%E2%80%93+Information+Paper+%E2%80%93+NZ+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+and+Trade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfat.govt.nz%2FCountries%2FPacific%2FNew-Caledonia.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotential+enlargement+of+the+European+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.de/ukraine-ratifies-eu-association-agreement/a-17925681">"Ukraine ratifies EU association agreement"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 16 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317063405/http://www.dw.de/ukraine-ratifies-eu-association-agreement/a-17925681">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Ukraine+ratifies+EU+association+agreement&rft.date=2014-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.de%2Fukraine-ratifies-eu-association-agreement%2Fa-17925681&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotential+enlargement+of+the+European+Union" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&language=EN&reference=P8-TA-2014-0009">"European Parliament resolution of 17 July 2014 on Ukraine (2014/2717(RSP))"</a>. European Parliament. 17 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160124035423/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&language=EN&reference=P8-TA-2014-0009">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2015. <q>pursuant to Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine – like any other European state – have a European perspective and may apply to become members of the Union provided that they adhere to the principles of democracy, respect fundamental freedoms and human and minority rights and ensure the rule of law;</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Parliament&rft.atitle=European+Parliament+resolution+of+17+July+2014+on+Ukraine+%282014%2F2717%28RSP%29%29&rft.date=2014-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsides%2FgetDoc.do%3Ftype%3DTA%26language%3DEN%26reference%3DP8-TA-2014-0009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotential+enlargement+of+the+European+Union" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-enlargement_en">EU enlargement</a> – <a href="/wiki/Europa_(web_portal)" title="Europa (web portal)">Europa (web portal)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930204403/http://www.ena.lu/?lang=2&doc=20806">European Union Member States and applicant countries</a> – <a href="/wiki/European_NAvigator" class="mw-redirect" title="European NAvigator">European NAvigator</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahhouthZiemnowicz2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bahhouth, Victor; Ziemnowicz, Christopher (6 March 2018). "Meeting the Global Challenges of Doing Business in the Five Candidate Countries on the Road to Join the European Union". Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 10 (3): 1297–1318. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13132-018-0531-3">10.1007/s13132-018-0531-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158074120">158074120</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Knowledge+Economy&rft.atitle=Meeting+the+Global+Challenges+of+Doing+Business+in+the+Five+Candidate+Countries+on+the+Road+to+Join+the+European+Union&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1297-%3C%2Fspan%3E1318&rft.date=2018-03-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13132-018-0531-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158074120%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bahhouth&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.au=Ziemnowicz%2C+Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotential+enlargement+of+the+European+Union" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDimitrijevicHartmannJovicMemisevic2009" class="citation journal cs1">Dimitrijevic, Vojin; Hartmann, Florence; Jovic, Dejan; Memisevic, Tija (June 2009). Batt, Judy; Obradović, Jelena (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091223124202/http://www.iss.europa.eu/nc/actualites/actualite/article/war-crimes-conditionality-and-eu-integration-in-the-western-balkans">"War crimes, conditionality and EU integration in the Western Balkans"</a>. Chaillot Papers (116). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iss.europa.eu/nc/actualites/actualite/article/war-crimes-conditionality-and-eu-integration-in-the-western-balkans">the original</a> on 23 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chaillot+Papers&rft.atitle=War+crimes%2C+conditionality+and+EU+integration+in+the+Western+Balkans&rft.issue=116&rft.date=2009-06&rft.aulast=Dimitrijevic&rft.aufirst=Vojin&rft.au=Hartmann%2C+Florence&rft.au=Jovic%2C+Dejan&rft.au=Memisevic%2C+Tija&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iss.europa.eu%2Fnc%2Factualites%2Factualite%2Farticle%2Fwar-crimes-conditionality-and-eu-integration-in-the-western-balkans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotential+enlargement+of+the+European+Union" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Union_candidates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Union candidates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Enlargement_and_partners_of_the_European_Union575" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">partners</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union#Historical_enlargements" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Previous enlargements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1973_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1973 enlargement of the European Communities">1973</a> (<a href="/wiki/1972_Danish_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1972 Danish European Communities membership referendum">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Third Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/1975_United_Kingdom_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum">United Kingdom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1981 enlargement of the European Communities">1981</a> (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1986 enlargement of the European Communities">1986</a> (Portugal, Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="1995 enlargement of the European Union">1995</a> (<a href="/wiki/1994_Austrian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="1994 Austrian European Union membership referendum">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/1994_Finnish_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="1994 Finnish European Union membership referendum">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/1994_Swedish_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="1994 Swedish European Union membership referendum">Sweden</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">2004</a> (Cyprus, <a href="/wiki/2003_Czech_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Czech European Union membership referendum">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Estonian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Estonian European Union membership referendum">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Hungarian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Hungarian European Union membership referendum">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Latvian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Latvian European Union membership referendum">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Lithuanian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Lithuanian European Union membership referendum">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Maltese_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Maltese European Union membership referendum">Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Polish_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Polish European Union membership referendum">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Slovak_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Slovak European Union membership referendum">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Slovenian_European_Union_and_NATO_membership_referendum" title="2003 Slovenian European Union and NATO membership referendum">Slovenia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2007 enlargement of the European Union">2007</a> (Bulgaria, Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">2013</a> (<a href="/wiki/2012_Croatian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2012 Croatian European Union membership referendum">Croatia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_relating_to_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Statistics relating to enlargement of the European Union">Statistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Western_Balkans">Negotiating</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire#Chapters" title="Acquis communautaire">Screened</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Moldova–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-negotiations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Georgia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Georgia to the European Union">status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Turkey">Suspended negotiations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="European Union–Turkey relations">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Potential candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">status</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Partnerships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Armenia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Armenia to the European Union">status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Armenia–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Azerbaijan–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> (suspended) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Belarus–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Dimension" title="Northern Dimension">Northern Dimension</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iceland–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Norway–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Russia–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">Customs union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andorra%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Andorra–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Monaco–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/31px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="San Marino–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union free trade agreements">Free trade agreements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Liechtenstein–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">Trade and Cooperation Agreement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other geographically European countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Kazakhstan–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Holy See–European Union relations">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Current membership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_criteria" title="Copenhagen criteria">Criteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Union_articles672" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Union_topics" title="Template:European Union topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Union_topics" title="Template talk:European Union topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Union_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Union topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Union_articles672" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union" title="History of the European Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_European_Union_history" title="Timeline of European Union history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ideas_of_European_unity_before_1948" title="Ideas of European unity before 1948">Ideas of European unity before 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_fathers_of_the_European_Union" title="Founding fathers of the European Union">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_integration_(1948%E2%80%931957)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the European integration (1948–1957)">1948–1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Communities_(1958%E2%80%931972)" title="History of the European Communities (1958–1972)">1958–1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Communities_(1973%E2%80%931993)" title="History of the European Communities (1973–1993)">1973–1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union_(1993%E2%80%932004)" title="History of the European Union (1993–2004)">1993–2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union_since_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the European Union since 2004">Since 2004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Defence policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Union_(alliance)" title="Western Union (alliance)">Western Union (1948–1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union (1954–2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities (1967–2009)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Authority_for_the_Ruhr" title="International Authority for the Ruhr">International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community">European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community (1958–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community (1993–2009)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">Central bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Monetary_Cooperation_Fund" title="European Monetary Cooperation Fund">European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Monetary_Institute" title="European Monetary Institute">European Monetary Institute (1994–1998)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">Financial stability</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Financial_Stability_Facility" title="European Financial Stability Facility">European Financial Stability Facility (2010–2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Financial_Stability_Mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="European Financial Stability Mechanism">European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–2012)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste#Dissolution" title="Free Territory of Trieste">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1973 enlargement of the European Communities">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1981 enlargement of the European Communities">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1986 enlargement of the European Communities">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="1995 enlargement of the European Union">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2007 enlargement of the European Union">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">2013</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vian_Accords" title="Évian Accords">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Greenland_from_the_European_Communities" title="Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Communities">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon#After_1945" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy#21st_century" title="Saint Barthélemy">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_European_Union" title="Geography of the European Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_European_Union" title="Geography of the European Union">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_European_Union" title="Demographics of the European Union">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_border_of_the_European_Union" title="External border of the European Union">External border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_European_Union" title="Environmental issues in the European Union">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_European_Union" title="Extreme points of the European Union">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_midpoint_of_Europe#Geographic_centre_of_the_European_Union" title="Geographical midpoint of Europe">Geographic centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larger_urban_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger urban zone">Larger urban zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_European_Union" title="Protected areas of the European Union">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Regions (first-level NUTS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area" title="Special territories of members of the European Economic Area">Special territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_statistics" title="European Union statistics">Statistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bodies_of_the_European_Union_and_the_Euratom" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodies of the European Union and the Euratom">Bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutions of the European Union">Institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Vice-President of the European Parliament">Vice-Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the European Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Committees of the European Parliament">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">Constituencies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Political groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_foundation" title="European political foundation">European political foundations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretariat_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union">General Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_summit" title="Euro summit">Euro summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice-Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commissioners_by_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Commissioners by nationality">Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General" title="Directorate-General">Directorates-General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the European Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Court_(European_Union)" title="General Court (European Union)">General Court</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="President of the European Central Bank">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Central_Banks" title="European System of Central Banks">System of Central Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosystem" title="Eurosystem">Eurosystem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_audit_institution" title="Supreme audit institution">Supreme audit institution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_European_Court_of_Auditors" title="Secretary-General of the European Court of Auditors">Secretary-General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other international-law EU bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">European Atomic Energy Community</a></li> <li>EIB Group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">European Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Fund" title="European Investment Fund">European Investment Fund</a></li> <li>EIB Institute</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">European Stability Mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Patent_Court" title="Unified Patent Court">Unified Patent Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Ombudsman" title="European Ombudsman">European Ombudsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Supervisor" title="European Data Protection Supervisor">European Data Protection Supervisor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Agencies of the European Union">Agencies of the European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advisory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="European Committee of the Regions">European Committee of the Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_and_Social_Committee" title="European Economic and Social Committee">European Economic and Social Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Committee" title="European Union Military Committee">European Union Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Staff" title="European Union Military Staff">European Union Military Staff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">Acquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Fundamental_Rights_of_the_European_Union" title="Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union">Charter of Fundamental Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_competition_law" title="European Union competition law">Competition law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_European_Union" title="Copyright law of the European Union">Copyright law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">Directive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Rights_Directive" title="Citizens' Rights Directive">Citizens' Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_for_Cooperation_and_Verification" title="Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification">Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Journal_of_the_European_Union" title="Official Journal of the European Union">Official Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">Legislative procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Citizens%27_Initiative" title="European Citizens' Initiative">Citizens' Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_(European_Union)" title="Regulation (European Union)">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the European Union">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_cooperation" title="Enhanced cooperation">Enhanced cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union" title="Opt-outs in the European Union">opt-outs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union" title="Economy of the European Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Currencies of the European Union">Currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_preference_(EU)" class="mw-redirect" title="Community preference (EU)">Community preference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_procurement_in_the_European_Union" title="Government procurement in the European Union">Government procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_status_and_usage_of_the_euro" title="International status and usage of the euro">International status and usage</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Transport" title="European Commissioner for Transport">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TRACECA" title="TRACECA">TRACECA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_minimum_wage" title="List of European Union member states by minimum wage">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of European countries by average wage">Average wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of European Union member states by unemployment rate">Unemployment rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_health_expense_per_person" title="List of European Union member states by health expense per person">Health expense per person</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosphere" title="Eurosphere">Eurosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmentalism" title="Intergovernmentalism">Intergovernmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-speed_Europe" title="Multi-speed Europe">Multi-speed Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofunctionalism" title="Neofunctionalism">Neofunctionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimum_currency_area" title="Optimum currency area">Optimum currency area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranational union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromyth" title="Euromyth">Euromyths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation">Federalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_legitimacy_of_the_European_Union" title="Democratic legitimacy of the European Union">Democratic legitimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differentiated_integration" title="Differentiated integration">Differentiated integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privileged_partnership" title="Privileged partnership">Privileged partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_superpower#European_Union" title="Potential superpower">Potential superpower status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_freedom,_security_and_justice" title="Area of freedom, security and justice">Area of freedom, security and justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migration_and_asylum_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Migration and asylum policy of the European Union">Migration and asylum policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Judicial_Network" title="European Judicial Network">European Judicial Network</a> (criminal matters)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Judicial_Network_in_civil_and_commercial_matters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters (page does not exist)">European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passports_of_the_European_Union" title="Passports of the European Union">passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_identity_card" class="mw-redirect" title="European identity card">identity card</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_identity_cards_in_the_European_Economic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="National identity cards in the European Economic Area">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_driving_licence" title="European driving licence">Driving licence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle registration plates of the European Union">Vehicle registration plates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy">Common Foreign and Security Policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Common Security and Defence Policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Structured_Cooperation" title="Permanent Structured Cooperation">Permanent Structured Cooperation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Global_Strategy" title="European Union Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_banking_union" title="European banking union">European banking union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Banking_Supervision" title="European Banking Supervision">European Banking Supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Resolution_Mechanism" title="Single Resolution Mechanism">Single Resolution Mechanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Markets_Union" title="Capital Markets Union">Capital Markets Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Financial_Supervision" title="European System of Financial Supervision">European System of Financial Supervision</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Single_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="European Single Market">Single market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Agricultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Cultural policies of the European Union">Cultural policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_policies_and_initiatives_of_the_European_Union" title="Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union">Educational policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Energy policy of the European Union">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Environmental policy of the European Union">Environmental policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Deal" title="European Green Deal">European Green Deal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Fisheries policy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HealthCare_in_the_European_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HealthCare in the European Union (page does not exist)">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Health_Insurance_Card" title="European Health Insurance Card">Health Insurance Card</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement_for_workers_in_the_European_Union" title="Freedom of movement for workers in the European Union">Labour mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Regional policy of the European Union">Regional development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Structural_and_Investment_Funds" title="European Structural and Investment Funds">European Structural and Investment Funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme" title="European Union Space Programme">Space policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Sport policies of the European Union">Sport policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_value_added_tax" title="European Union value added tax">VAT Area</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EEA_Joint_Committee" title="EEA Joint Committee">EEA Joint Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Community" title="Energy Community">Energy Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Common_Aviation_Area" title="European Common Aviation Area">European Common Aviation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Higher_Education_Area" title="European Higher Education Area">European Higher Education Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Framework Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Space Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Peace_Facility" title="European Peace Facility">European Peace Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Partnership_Agreements" title="Economic Partnership Agreements">Economic Partnership Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">European Union Association Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_and_Association_Process" title="Stabilisation and Association Process">Stabilisation and Association Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronest_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euronest Parliamentary Assembly">Euronest Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Gateway_Programme" title="EU Gateway Programme">EU Gateway Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Strategy_for_the_South_Caucasus" title="EU Strategy for the South Caucasus">EU Strategy for the South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Dimension" title="Northern Dimension">Northern Dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Global_Strategy" title="European Union Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union free trade agreements">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Current agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_relating_to_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Statistics relating to enlargement of the European Union">Statistics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Cultural policies of the European Union">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douzelage" title="Douzelage">Douzelage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_European_History" title="House of European History">House of European History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012 Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_laissez-passer" title="European Union laissez-passer">Laissez-passer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_freedom_in_the_European_Union" title="Media freedom in the European Union">Media freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_European_Union" title="Public holidays in the European Union">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_European_Union" title="Religion in the European Union">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Europe" title="Telephone numbers in Europe">Telephone numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_European_Union" title="Symbols of the European Union">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Union-related_lists" title="Category:European Union-related lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_on_the_European_Union" title="List of books on the European Union">Books on the subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_directives" title="List of European Union directives">Directives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" title="List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits">Largest cities by population within city limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_political_parties_in_Europe_by_pancontinental_organisation" title="Table of political parties in Europe by pancontinental organisation">National parties by affiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="List of presidents of the institutions of the European Union">Presidents of the institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Europe" title="Terrorism in Europe">Terrorist incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_European_Union" title="List of urban areas in the European Union">Urban areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_European_Union" title="Outline of the European Union">Outline</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Union" title="Category:European Union">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style 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