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class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2758</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: heavy vehicles</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2758</span> Heavy Vehicles Crash Injury Severity at T-Intersections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sivanandan%20Balakrishnan">Sivanandan Balakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Moridpour"> Sara Moridpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Tay"> Richard Tay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy vehicles make a significant contribution to many developed economies, including Australia, because they are a major means of transporting goods within these countries. With the increase in road freight, there will be an increase in the heavy vehicle traffic proportion, and consequently, an increase in the possibility of collisions involving heavy vehicles. Crashes involving heavy vehicles are a major road safety concern because of the higher likelihood of fatal and serious injury, especially to any small vehicle occupant involved. The primary objective of this research is to identify the factors influencing injury severity to occupants in vehicle collisions involving heavy vehicle at T- intersection using a binary logit model in Victoria, Australia. Our results show that the factors influencing injury severity include occupants' gender, age and restraint use. Also, vehicles' type, movement, point-of-impact and damage, time-of-day, day-of-week and season, higher percentage of trucks in traffic volume, hit pedestrians, number of occupants involved and type of collisions are associated with severe injury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20logit%20model" title="binary logit model">binary logit model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20vehicle" title=" heavy vehicle"> heavy vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury%20severity" title=" injury severity"> injury severity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T-intersections" title=" T-intersections"> T-intersections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61455/heavy-vehicles-crash-injury-severity-at-t-intersections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2757</span> Modeling the Road Pavement Dynamic Response Due to Heavy Vehicles Loadings and Kinematic Excitations General Asymmetries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josua%20K.%20Junias">Josua K. Junias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fillemon%20N.%20Nangolo"> Fillemon N. Nangolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petrina%20T.%20Johaness"> Petrina T. Johaness</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The deterioration of pavement can lead to the formation of potholes, which cause the wheels of a vehicle to experience unusual and uneven movement. In addition, improper loading practices of heavy vehicles can result in dynamic loading of the pavement due to the vehicle's response to the irregular movement caused by the potholes. Previous studies have only focused on the effects of either the road's uneven surface or the asymmetrical loading of the vehicle, but not both. This study aimed to model the pavement's dynamic response to heavy vehicles under different loading configurations and wheel movements. A sample of 225 cases with symmetrical and asymmetrical loading and kinematic movements was used, and 27 validated 3D pavement-vehicle interactive models were developed using SIMWISE 4D. The study found that the type of kinematic movement experienced by the heavy vehicle affects the pavement's dynamic loading, with eccentrically loaded, asymmetrically kinematic heavy vehicles having a statistically significant impact. The study also suggests that the mass of the vehicle's suspension system plays a role in the pavement's dynamic loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eccentricities" title="eccentricities">eccentricities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement%20dynamic%20loading" title=" pavement dynamic loading"> pavement dynamic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20displacement%20dynamic%20response" title=" vertical displacement dynamic response"> vertical displacement dynamic response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20vehicles" title=" heavy vehicles"> heavy vehicles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166750/modeling-the-road-pavement-dynamic-response-due-to-heavy-vehicles-loadings-and-kinematic-excitations-general-asymmetries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2756</span> Weight Regulation Mechanism on Bridges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Siddharth">S. Siddharth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saravana%20Kumar"> Saravana Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All Metros across the world tend to have a large number of bridges and there have been concerns about the safety of these bridges. As the traffic in most cities in India is heterogeneous, Trucks and Heavy vehicles traverse on our roads on an everyday basis this will lead to structural damage on the long run. All bridges are designed with a maximum Load limit and this limit is seldom checked. We have hence come up with an idea to check the load of all the vehicles entering the bridge and block the bridge with barricades if the vehicle surpasses the maximum load , this is done to catch hold of the perpetrators. By doing this we can avoid further structural damage and also provide an effective way to enforce the law. If our solution is put in place structural damage and accidents would be reduced to a great deal and it would also make the law enforcement job easier. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous" title="heterogeneous">heterogeneous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural" title=" structural"> structural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load" title=" load"> load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title=" law"> law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy" title=" heavy"> heavy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicles" title=" vehicles"> vehicles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16613/weight-regulation-mechanism-on-bridges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2755</span> Heavy Vehicle Traffic Estimation Using Automatic Traffic Recorders/Weigh-In-Motion Data: Current Practice and Proposed Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Faizan%20Rehman%20Qureshi">Muhammad Faizan Rehman Qureshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Al-Kaisy"> Ahmed Al-Kaisy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accurate estimation of traffic loads is critical for pavement and bridge design, among other transportation applications. Given the disproportional impact of heavier axle loads on pavement and bridge structures, truck and heavy vehicle traffic is expected to be a major determinant of traffic load estimation. Further, heavy vehicle traffic is also a major input in transportation planning and economic studies. The traditional method for estimating heavy vehicle traffic primarily relies on AADT estimation using Monthly Day of the Week (MDOW) adjustment factors as well as the percent heavy vehicles observed using statewide data collection programs. The MDOW factors are developed using daily and seasonal (or monthly) variation patterns for total traffic, consisting predominantly of passenger cars and other smaller vehicles. Therefore, while using these factors may yield reasonable estimates for total traffic (AADT), such estimates may involve a great deal of approximation when applied to heavy vehicle traffic. This research aims at assessing the approximation involved in estimating heavy vehicle traffic using MDOW adjustment factors for total traffic (conventional approach) along with three other methods of using MDOW adjustment factors for total trucks (class 5-13), combination-unit trucks (class 8-13), as well as adjustment factors for each vehicle class separately. Results clearly indicate that the conventional method was outperformed by the other three methods by a large margin. Further, using the most detailed and data intensive method (class-specific adjustment factors) does not necessarily yield a more accurate estimation of heavy vehicle traffic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20loads" title="traffic loads">traffic loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20vehicles" title=" heavy vehicles"> heavy vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=truck%20traffic" title=" truck traffic"> truck traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjustment%20factors" title=" adjustment factors"> adjustment factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20data%20collection" title=" traffic data collection"> traffic data collection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192471/heavy-vehicle-traffic-estimation-using-automatic-traffic-recordersweigh-in-motion-data-current-practice-and-proposed-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2754</span> Comparing Machine Learning Estimation of Fuel Consumption of Heavy-Duty Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Bodell">Victor Bodell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukas%20Ekstrom"> Lukas Ekstrom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somayeh%20Aghanavesi"> Somayeh Aghanavesi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fuel consumption (FC) is one of the key factors in determining expenses of operating a heavy-duty vehicle. A customer may therefore request an estimate of the FC of a desired vehicle. The modular design of heavy-duty vehicles allows their construction by specifying the building blocks, such as gear box, engine and chassis type. If the combination of building blocks is unprecedented, it is unfeasible to measure the FC, since this would first r equire the construction of the vehicle. This paper proposes a machine learning approach to predict FC. This study uses around 40,000 vehicles specific and o perational e nvironmental c onditions i nformation, such as road slopes and driver profiles. A ll v ehicles h ave d iesel engines and a mileage of more than 20,000 km. The data is used to investigate the accuracy of machine learning algorithms Linear regression (LR), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Artificial n eural n etworks (ANN) in predicting fuel consumption for heavy-duty vehicles. Performance of the algorithms is evaluated by reporting the prediction error on both simulated data and operational measurements. The performance of the algorithms is compared using nested cross-validation and statistical hypothesis testing. The statistical evaluation procedure finds that ANNs have the lowest prediction error compared to LR and KNN in estimating fuel consumption on both simulated and operational data. The models have a mean relative prediction error of 0.3% on simulated data, and 4.2% on operational data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks" title="artificial neural networks">artificial neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20consumption" title=" fuel consumption"> fuel consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friedman%20test" title=" friedman test"> friedman test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20hypothesis%20testing" title=" statistical hypothesis testing"> statistical hypothesis testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128245/comparing-machine-learning-estimation-of-fuel-consumption-of-heavy-duty-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2753</span> Analysis of Wheel Lock up Effects on Skidding Distance for Heavy Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdieh%20Zamzamzadeh">Mahdieh Zamzamzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Abdullah%20Saifizul"> Ahmad Abdullah Saifizul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahizar%20Ramli"> Rahizar Ramli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The road accidents involving heavy vehicles have been showing worrying trends and, year after year, have increased the concern and awareness levels on safety of roads and transportations especially in developing countries like Malaysia. Statistics of road crashes continue to show that there are many contributing factors on the capability of a heavy vehicle to stop on safe distance and ultimately prevent traffic crashes. However, changes in the road condition due to weather variations and the vehicle dynamic specifications such as loading conditions and speed are the main risk factors because they will affect a heavy vehicle’s braking performance due to losing control and not being able to stop the vehicle, and in many cases will cause wheel lock up and accordingly skidding. Predicting heavy vehicle skidding distance is crucial for accident reconstruction and roadside safety engineers. Despite this, formal tools to study heavy vehicle skidding distance before stopping completely are totally limited, and most researchers have only considered braking distance in their studies. As a possible new tool, this work presents the iterative use of vehicle dynamic simulations to study heavy vehicle-roadway interaction in order to predict wheel lock up effects on skidding distance and safety. This research addresses the influence of the vehicle and road conditions on skidding distance after wheel lock up and presents a precise analysis of skidding phenomenon. The vehicle speed, vehicle loading condition and road friction parameters were all varied in a simulation-based analysis. In order to simulate the wheel lock up situation, a heavy vehicle model was constructed and simulated using multibody vehicle dynamics simulation software, and careful analysis was made on the conditions which caused the skidding distance to increase or decrease through a method using to predict skidding distance as part of braking distance. By applying many simulations, the results were quite revealing relation between the heavy vehicles loading condition, various sets of speed and road coefficient of friction and their interaction effect on the skidding distance. A number of results are presented which illustrate how the heavy vehicle overloading can seriously affect the skidding distance. Moreover, the results of simulation give the skid mark length, which is a necessary input data during accident reconstruction involving emergency braking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accident%20reconstruction" title="accident reconstruction">accident reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Braking" title=" Braking"> Braking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20vehicle" title=" heavy vehicle"> heavy vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skidding%20distance" title=" skidding distance"> skidding distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skid%20mark" title=" skid mark"> skid mark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheel%20lock%20up" title=" wheel lock up"> wheel lock up</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29868/analysis-of-wheel-lock-up-effects-on-skidding-distance-for-heavy-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2752</span> The Effect of Gross Vehicle Weight on the Stability of Heavy Vehicle during Cornering </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurzaki%20Ikhsan">Nurzaki Ikhsan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Saifizul%20Abdullah"> Ahmad Saifizul Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahizar%20Ramli"> Rahizar Ramli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the functions of the commercial heavy vehicle is to safely and efficiently transport goods and people. Due to its size and carrying capacity, it is important to study the vehicle dynamic stability during cornering. Study has shown that there are a number of overloaded heavy vehicles or permissible gross vehicle weight (GVW) violations recorded at selected areas in Malaysia assigned by its type and category. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the correlation and effect of the GVW on heavy vehicle stability during cornering event using simulation. Various selected heavy vehicle types and category are simulated using IPG/Truck Maker® with different GVW and road condition (coefficient of friction of road surface), while the speed, driver characteristic, center of gravity of load and road geometry are constant. Based on the analysis, the relationship between GVW and lateral acceleration were established. As expected, on the same value of coefficient of friction, the maximum lateral acceleration would be increased as the GVW increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20vehicle" title="heavy vehicle">heavy vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title=" road safety"> road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20stability" title=" vehicle stability"> vehicle stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20acceleration" title=" lateral acceleration"> lateral acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gross%20vehicle%20weight" title=" gross vehicle weight"> gross vehicle weight</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29769/the-effect-of-gross-vehicle-weight-on-the-stability-of-heavy-vehicle-during-cornering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">536</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2751</span> Used MATLAB Code to Study the Vehicle Bridge Coupling Vibration Based On the Method of Newmark-β</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saidi%20Abdelkrim">Saidi Abdelkrim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamouine%20Abdelmadjid"> Hamouine Abdelmadjid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdellatif%20Megnounif"> Abdellatif Megnounif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of interaction between vehicles and bridge structures has become extremely important. Large deflections and vibration induced by heavy and high-speed vehicles affect significantly the safety and efficiency of bridge. The vibration of a bridge caused by passage of vehicles is one of the most imperative considerations in the design of a bridge as a common sort of transportation structure. A major goal of this study is to create a simplified model of a vehicle bridge system in MATLAB. The model will then be used to study the influence of parameters to vehicle-bridge vibrations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle-bridge%20interaction" title="vehicle-bridge interaction">vehicle-bridge interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newmark-%CE%B2" title=" Newmark-β"> Newmark-β</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB%20code" title=" MATLAB code"> MATLAB code</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29646/used-matlab-code-to-study-the-vehicle-bridge-coupling-vibration-based-on-the-method-of-newmark-v" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">640</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2750</span> Geochemical Evaluation of Weathering-Induced Release of Trace Metals from the Maastritchian Shales in Parts of Bida an Anambra Basins, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adetunji%20Olusegun%20Aderigibigbe">Adetunji Olusegun Aderigibigbe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shales, especially black shales, are of great geological significance, in the study of heavy/trace metal contamination. This is due to their abundance in occurrence and high concentration of heavy metals embedded which are released during their weathering. Heavy metals constitute one of the most dangerous pollution known to human because they are toxic (i.e., carcinogenic), non-biodegradable and can enter the global eco-biological circle. In the past, heavy metal contamination in aquatic environment and agricultural top soil has been attributed to industrial wastes, mining extractions and pollution from traffic vehicles; only a few studies have focused on weathering of shale as possible source of heavy metal contamination. Based on the above background, this study attempts to establish weathering of shale as possible source of trace/heavy metal contaminations. This was done by carefully selecting fresh and their corresponding weathered shale samples from selected localities in Bida and Anambra Basins. The samples were analysed in Activation Laboratories Ltd; Ontario, Canada for trace/heavy metal. It was observed that some major and trace metals were released during weathering, i.e., some were depleted and some enriched. By this contamination of water zones and agricultural top soils are not only traceable to biogenic processes but geogenic inputs (weathering of shale) as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title="contamination">contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20samples" title=" fresh samples"> fresh samples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shales" title=" shales"> shales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20metals" title=" trace metals"> trace metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weathered%20samples" title=" weathered samples"> weathered samples</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109970/geochemical-evaluation-of-weathering-induced-release-of-trace-metals-from-the-maastritchian-shales-in-parts-of-bida-an-anambra-basins-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2749</span> Evaluation of Bucket Utility Truck In-Use Driving Performance and Electrified Power Take-Off Operation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Prohaska">Robert Prohaska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnaud%20Konan"> Arnaud Konan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenneth%20Kelly"> Kenneth Kelly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Ragatz"> Adam Ragatz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Duran"> Adam Duran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In an effort to evaluate the in-use performance of electrified Power Take-off (PTO) usage on bucket utility trucks operating under real-world conditions, data from 20 medium- and heavy-duty vehicles operating in California, USA were collected, compiled, and analyzed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Fleet Test and Evaluation team. In this paper, duty-cycle statistical analyses of class 5, medium-duty quick response trucks and class 8, heavy-duty material handler trucks are performed to examine and characterize vehicle dynamics trends and relationships based on collected in-use field data. With more than 100,000 kilometers of driving data collected over 880+ operating days, researchers have developed a robust methodology for identifying PTO operation from in-field vehicle data. Researchers apply this unique methodology to evaluate the performance and utilization of the conventional and electric PTO systems. Researchers also created custom representative drive-cycles for each vehicle configuration and performed modeling and simulation activities to evaluate the potential fuel and emissions savings for hybridization of the tractive driveline on these vehicles. The results of these analyses statistically and objectively define the vehicle dynamic and kinematic requirements for each vehicle configuration as well as show the potential for further system optimization through driveline hybridization. Results are presented in both graphical and tabular formats illustrating a number of key relationships between parameters observed within the data set that relates specifically to medium- and heavy-duty utility vehicles operating under real-world conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drive%20cycle" title="drive cycle">drive cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy-duty%20%28HD%29" title=" heavy-duty (HD)"> heavy-duty (HD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medium-duty%20%28MD%29" title=" medium-duty (MD)"> medium-duty (MD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTO" title=" PTO"> PTO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utility" title=" utility"> utility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55410/evaluation-of-bucket-utility-truck-in-use-driving-performance-and-electrified-power-take-off-operation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2748</span> Map Matching Performance under Various Similarity Metrics for Heterogeneous Robot Teams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20C.%20Akay">M. C. Akay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aybakan"> A. Aybakan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Temeltas"> H. Temeltas </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aerial and ground robots have various advantages of usage in different missions. Aerial robots can move quickly and get a different sight of view of the area, but those vehicles cannot carry heavy payloads. On the other hand, unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) are slow moving vehicles, since those can carry heavier payloads than unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In this context, we investigate the performances of various Similarity Metrics to provide a common map for Heterogeneous Robot Team (HRT) in complex environments. Within the usage of Lidar Odometry and Octree Mapping technique, the local 3D maps of the environment are gathered.  In order to obtain a common map for HRT, informative theoretic similarity metrics are exploited. All types of these similarity metrics gave adequate as allowable simulation time and accurate results that can be used in different types of applications. For the heterogeneous multi robot team, those methods can be used to match different types of maps. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20maps" title="common maps">common maps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20robot%20team" title=" heterogeneous robot team"> heterogeneous robot team</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=map%20matching" title=" map matching"> map matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informative%20theoretic%20similarity%20metrics" title=" informative theoretic similarity metrics"> informative theoretic similarity metrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99098/map-matching-performance-under-various-similarity-metrics-for-heterogeneous-robot-teams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2747</span> Removal of Heavy Metals in Wastewater Treatment System of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pantip%20Kayee">Pantip Kayee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuwadee%20Yaponha"> Yuwadee Yaponha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiranit%20Pongtubthai"> Jiranit Pongtubthai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focused on the determination of heavy metal concentration in wastewater and the investigation of heavy metal removal of wastewater treatment system of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. Heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn) were found in wastewater of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. Wastewater treatment systems of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University showed the performance to remove heavy metals. However, heavy metals were still presented in effluent but these residue heavy metals were not over the standard for industrial wastewater. Wastewater treatment system can remove heavy metal by different process such as bioaccumulation by microorganism and biosorption on activated sludge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title="heavy metal">heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioaccumulation" title=" bioaccumulation"> bioaccumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosorption" title=" biosorption"> biosorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10681/removal-of-heavy-metals-in-wastewater-treatment-system-of-suan-sunandha-rajabhat-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2746</span> Scale Effects on the Wake Airflow of a Heavy Truck</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aude%20P%C3%A9rard%20Lecomte">Aude Pérard Lecomte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georges%20Fokoua"> Georges Fokoua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amine%20Mehel"> Amine Mehel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Tani%C3%A8re"> Anne Tanière</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air quality in urban areas is deteriorated by pollution, mainly due to the constant increase of the traffic of different types of ground vehicles. In particular, particulate matter pollution with important concentrations in urban areas can cause serious health issues. Characterizing and understanding particle dynamics is therefore essential to establish recommendations to improve air quality in urban areas. To analyze the effects of turbulence on particulate pollutants dispersion, the first step is to focus on the single-phase flow structure and turbulence characteristics in the wake of a heavy truck model. To achieve this, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted with the aim of modeling the wake airflow of a full- and reduced-scale heavy truck. The Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach with the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM)as the turbulence model closure was used. The simulations highlight the apparition of a large vortex coming from the under trailer. This vortex belongs to the recirculation region, located in the near-wake of the heavy truck. These vortical structures are expected to have a strong influence on particle dynamics that are emitted by the truck. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDF" title="CDF">CDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20truck" title=" heavy truck"> heavy truck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recirculation%20region" title=" recirculation region"> recirculation region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduced%20scale" title=" reduced scale"> reduced scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142802/scale-effects-on-the-wake-airflow-of-a-heavy-truck" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2745</span> The Impact on the Network Deflectometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamel%E2%80%93Eddine%20Yassine%20Boutiba">Djamel–Eddine Yassine Boutiba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this present memory, we present the various impacts deflectometer leading to the sizing by strengthening of existing roadways. It reminds that the road network in Algeria plays a major role with regard to drainage in major strategic areas and especially in the fringe northern Algeria. Heavy traffic passing through the northern fringe (between 25% and 30% heavy vehicles) causes substantial degradations at both the surface layer and base layer. The work on site by means within the laboratory CTTP such as deflectographe Lacroix, allowed us to record a large number of deflection localized bending on RN19A (Carrefour CW73-Ain- Merane), whose analysis of the results led us to opt for a building throughout the band's project . By the recorder against HWD (Heavy Weight déflectometer) allowed us to learn about the behavior of the pavement on the banks. In addition, the Software Alize III has been essential in the verification of the increase in the thickness dimensioned. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity" title="capacity">capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deflection" title=" deflection"> deflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deflectograph%20lacroix" title=" deflectograph lacroix"> deflectograph lacroix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hwd" title=" hwd"> hwd</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30999/the-impact-on-the-network-deflectometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2744</span> A Review on the Potential of Electric Vehicles in Reducing World CO2 Footprints</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Alotaibi">S. Alotaibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Omer"> S. Omer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Su"> Y. Su</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) based vehicles are a threat to the environment as they account for a large proportion of the overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the world. Hence, it is required to replace these vehicles with more environment-friendly vehicles. Electric Vehicles (EVs) are promising technologies which offer both human comfort “noise, pollution” as well as reduced (or no) emissions of GHGs. In this paper, different types of EVs are reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages are identified. It is found that in terms of fuel economy, Plug-in Hybrid EVs (PHEVs) have the best fuel economy, followed by Hybrid EVs (HEVs) and ICE vehicles. Since Battery EVs (BEVs) do not use any fuel, their fuel economy is estimated as price per kilometer. Similarly, in terms of GHG emissions, BEVs are the most environmentally friendly since they do not result in any emissions while HEVs and PHEVs produce less emissions compared to the conventional ICE based vehicles. Fuel Cell EVs (FCEVs) are also zero-emission vehicles, but they have large costs associated with them. Finally, if the electricity is provided by using the renewable energy technologies through grid connection, then BEVs could be considered as zero emission vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicles" title="electric vehicles">electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20emission%20car" title=" zero emission car"> zero emission car</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20economy" title=" fuel economy"> fuel economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20footprint" title=" CO₂ footprint"> CO₂ footprint</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124768/a-review-on-the-potential-of-electric-vehicles-in-reducing-world-co2-footprints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2743</span> Improvement of Brige Weigh-In-Motion Technique Considering the Driving Conditions of Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changgil%20Lee">Changgil Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jooyoung%20Park"> Jooyoung Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seunghee%20Park"> Seunghee Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM) system was simulated under various driving conditions of vehicles to improve the performance of the BWIM system. Two driving conditions were considered. One was the number of the axle of the vehicles. Since the vehicles have different number of axle according to the types of the vehicle, the vehicles were modeled considering the number of the axle. The other was the speed of the vehicles because the speed of the vehicles is not consistent on the bridge. To achieve the goal, the dynamic characteristics of a bridge such as modal parameters were considered in numerical simulation by analyzing precision models. Also, the driving vehicles were modeled as mass-spring-damping systems reflecting the axle information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20weigh-in-motion%20%28BWIM%29%20system" title="bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM) system">bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM) system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%20conditions" title=" driving conditions"> driving conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precision%20analysis%20model" title=" precision analysis model"> precision analysis model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20number%20of%20axle" title=" the number of axle"> the number of axle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20speed%20of%20vehicle" title=" the speed of vehicle"> the speed of vehicle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57266/improvement-of-brige-weigh-in-motion-technique-considering-the-driving-conditions-of-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2742</span> A Centralized Architecture for Cooperative Air-Sea Vehicles Using UAV-USV</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salima%20Bella">Salima Bella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assia%20Belbachir"> Assia Belbachir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghalem%20Belalem"> Ghalem Belalem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the problem of monitoring and cleaning dirty zones of oceans using unmanned vehicles. We present a centralized cooperative architecture for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to monitor ocean regions and clean dirty zones with the help of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). Due to the rapid deployment of these unmanned vehicles, it is convenient to use them in oceanic regions where the water pollution zones are generally unknown. In order to optimize this process, our solution aims to detect and reduce the pollution level of the ocean zones while taking into account the problem of fault tolerance related to these vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centralized%20architecture" title="centralized architecture">centralized architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20tolerance" title=" fault tolerance"> fault tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV" title=" UAV"> UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=USV" title=" USV"> USV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84414/a-centralized-architecture-for-cooperative-air-sea-vehicles-using-uav-usv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2741</span> Heavy Metal Concentration in Orchard Area, Amphawa District, Samut Songkram Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisuwan%20Kaseamsawat">Sisuwan Kaseamsawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sivapan%20Choo-In"> Sivapan Choo-In</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study was conducted in May to July 2013 with the aim of determination of heavy metal concentration in orchard area. 60 samples were collected and analyzed for Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The heavy metal concentrations in sediment of orchards, that use chemical for Cd (1.13 ± 0.26 mg/l), Cu (8.00 ± 1.05 mg/l), Pb (13.16 ± 2.01) and Zn (37.41 ± 3.20 mg/l). The heavy metal concentrations in sediment of the orchards, that do not use chemical for Cd (1.28 ± 0.50 mg/l), Cu (7.60 ± 1.20 mg/l), Pb (29.87 ± 4.88) and Zn (21.79 ± 2.98 mg/l). Statistical analysis between heavy metal in sediment from the orchard, that use chemical and the orchard, that not use chemical were difference statistic significant of 0.5 level of significant for Cd and Pb while no statistically difference for Cu and Zn. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title="heavy metal">heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orchard" title=" orchard"> orchard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution%20and%20monitoring" title=" pollution and monitoring"> pollution and monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8591/heavy-metal-concentration-in-orchard-area-amphawa-district-samut-songkram-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2740</span> Heavy Metals among Female Adolescents Attending Secondary Schools in Kano, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Yunusa">I. Yunusa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Ibrahim"> M. A. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Yakasai"> A. H. Yakasai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20U.%20S.%20Ezeanyika"> L. U. S. Ezeanyika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to examine the level of heavy metals among 192 apparently healthy female adolescents randomly selected from three different boarding secondary schools in the urban area of the most populated city in north-western part of Nigeria. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to determine the plasma levels of the heavy metals which include cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). Our findings revealed the following mean±SD values for each of the heavy metal; 0.11±0.01µg Cd/L, 0.09 ± 0.02µg Co/L, 0.19 ± 0.02 µg Cr/L, 0.91 ± 0.02 µg Cu/L, 1.53 ± 0.31 µg Fe/L, 0.01 ± 0.04 µg Mn/L, 0.3.8 ± 0.04µg Mo/L, 0.04±0.01µg Ni/L, 0.04 ± 0.01µg Pb/L and 2.80 ± 0.24µg Zn/L respectively. It was concluded that toxicity from heavy metals did not exist among female adolescents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female" title=" female"> female</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title=" adolescents"> adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9821/heavy-metals-among-female-adolescents-attending-secondary-schools-in-kano-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2739</span> Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Roadside Soils along Shenyang-Dalian Highway in Liaoning Province, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Hui">Zhang Hui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Caiqiu"> Wu Caiqiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan%20Xuyin"> Yuan Xuyin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiu%20Jie"> Qiu Jie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Hanpei"> Zhang Hanpei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The heavy metal contaminations were determined with a detailed soil survey in roadside soils along Shenyang-Dalian Highway of Liaoning Province (China) and Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni and Zn were analyzed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The average concentration of Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni and Zn in roadside soils was determined to be 43.8, 26.5, 0.119, 32.1, 71.3 mg/kg respectively, and all of the heavy metal contents were higher than the background values. Different heavy metal distribution regularity was found in different land use type of roadside soil, there was an obvious peak of heavy concentration at 25m from road edge in the farmland, while in the forest and orchard soil, all heavy metals gradually decreased with the increase of distance from road edge and conformed to the exponential model. Furthermore, the heavy metal contents of heavy metals except Cd were markedly increased compared with those in 1999 and 2007, and the heavy metals concentrations of Shenyang- Dalian Highway were considered medium or low in comparison with those in other cities around the world. The assessment of heavy metal contamination of roadside soils illustrated a common low pollution for all heavy metal and recommended that more attention should be paid to Pb contamination in roadside soils in Shenyang-Dalian Highway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal%20contamination" title="heavy metal contamination">heavy metal contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roadside" title=" roadside"> roadside</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highway" title=" highway"> highway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nemerow%20Pollution%20Index" title=" Nemerow Pollution Index"> Nemerow Pollution Index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12506/assessment-of-heavy-metal-contamination-in-roadside-soils-along-shenyang-dalian-highway-in-liaoning-province-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2738</span> Wastewater Treatment from Heavy Metals by Nanofiltration and Ion Exchange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20G.%20Kagramanov">G. G. Kagramanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20N.%20Farnosova"> E. N. Farnosova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linn%20Maung%20%20Maung"> Linn Maung Maung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The technologies of ion exchange and nanofiltration can be used for treatment of wastewater containing copper and other heavy metal ions to decrease the environmental risks. Nanofiltration characteristics under water treatment of heavy metals have been studied. The influence of main technical process parameters - pressure, temperature, concentration and pH value of the initial solution on flux and rejection of nanofiltration membranes has been considered. And ion exchange capacities of resins in removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater have been determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20capacity" title="exchange capacity">exchange capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20exchange" title=" ion exchange"> ion exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20separation" title=" membrane separation"> membrane separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiltration" title=" nanofiltration"> nanofiltration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65267/wastewater-treatment-from-heavy-metals-by-nanofiltration-and-ion-exchange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2737</span> A Study of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in the Manganese Mining in Drama, Greece</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Argiri">A. Argiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Molla"> A. Molla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzouvalekas"> Tzouvalekas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Skoufogianni"> E. Skoufogianni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Danalatos"> N. Danalatos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The release of heavy metals into the environment has increased over the last years. In this study, 25 soil samples (0-15 cm) from the fields near the mining area in Drama region were selected. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory for their physicochemical properties and for seven “pseudo-total’’ heavy metals content, namely Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Mn. The total metal concentrations (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Mn) in digests were determined by using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. According to the results, the mean concentration of the listed heavy metals in 25 soil samples are Cd 1.1 mg/kg, Cr 15 mg/kg, Cu 21.7 mg/kg, Ni 30.1 mg/kg, Pd 50.8 mg/kg, Zn 99.5 mg/kg and Mn 815.3 mg/kg. The results show that the heavy metals remain in the soil even if the mining closed many years ago. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining" title=" mining"> mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131745/a-study-of-soil-heavy-metal-pollution-in-the-manganese-mining-in-drama-greece" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2736</span> A Theoretical Study of Multi-Leaf Spring in Seismic Response Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ezati%20Kooshki">M. Ezati Kooshki </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Pourmohamad"> H. Pourmohamad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leaf spring dampers are used for commercial vehicles and heavy tracks. The main function of this damper in these vehicles is protection against damage and providing comfort for drivers by creating suspension between road and vehicle. This paper presents a new device, circular leaf spring damper, which is frequently used on vehicles, aiming to gain seismic protection of structures. Finite element analyses were conducted on several one-story structures using finite element software (Abaqus, v6.10-1). The time history analysis was conducted on the records of Kobe (1995) and San Fernando (1971) ground motions to demonstrate the advantages of using leaf spring in structures as compared to simple bracing system. This paper also suggests extending the use of this damper in structures, considering its large control force despite high cycle fatigue properties and low prices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bracing%20system" title="bracing system">bracing system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20spring" title=" leaf spring"> leaf spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20protection" title=" seismic protection"> seismic protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20history%20analysis" title=" time history analysis"> time history analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33648/a-theoretical-study-of-multi-leaf-spring-in-seismic-response-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2735</span> Scope of Heavy Oil as a Fuel of the Future</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiran%20P.%20Chadayamuri">Kiran P. Chadayamuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saransh%20Bagdi"> Saransh Bagdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing imbalance between energy supply and demand has made nations and companies involved in the energy sector to boost up their research and find suitable solutions. With the high rates at which conventional oil and gas resources are depleting, efficient exploration and exploitation of heavy oil could just be the answer. Heavy oil may be defined as crude oil having API gravity value of less than 20⁰. They are highly viscous, have low hydrogen to carbon ratios and are known to produce high carbon residues. They have high contents of asphaltenes, heavy metals, sulphur and nitrogen in them. Due to these properties extraction, transportation and refining of crude oil have its share of challenges. Lack of suitable technology has hindered its production in the past, but now things are going in a more positive direction. The aim of this paper is to study the various advantages of heavy oil, associated limitations and its feasibility as a fuel of the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title="energy">energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20oil" title=" heavy oil"> heavy oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel" title=" fuel"> fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future" title=" future"> future</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49857/scope-of-heavy-oil-as-a-fuel-of-the-future" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2734</span> Revolutionizing Mobility: Decoding Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCVs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samarjeet%20Singh">Samarjeet Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shubhank%20Arya"> Shubhank Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shubham%20Chauhan"> Shubham Chauhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the rise in carbon emissions and the widespread effects of global warming have brought new energy vehicles into the spotlight. Electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs), both producing zero tailpipe emissions, are seen as promising alternatives. This paper examines the working, structural characteristics, and safety designs of EVs and HFCVs, comparing their carbon emissions, charging infrastructure, energy efficiency, and safety features. The analysis reveals that both EVs and HFCVs significantly reduce carbon emissions and enhance safety compared to traditional vehicles, with EVs showing greater emission reductions. Moreover, EVs are advancing more rapidly in terms of charging infrastructure compared to hydrogen energy vehicles. However, HFCVs exhibit lower energy efficiency than EVs. In terms of safety, both types surpass conventional vehicles, though EVs are more prone to overheating and fire hazards due to battery design issues. Current research suggests that EV technology and its supporting infrastructure are more comprehensive, cost-effective, and efficient in reducing carbon emissions. With continued investment in the development of new energy vehicles and potential advancements in hydrogen energy production, the future for HFCVs appears promising. The paper also expresses optimism for innovative solutions that could accelerate the growth of hydrogen energy vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicles" title="electric vehicles">electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell%20electric%20vehicles" title=" fuel cell electric vehicles"> fuel cell electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive%20engineering" title=" automotive engineering"> automotive engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20transition" title=" energy transition"> energy transition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186299/revolutionizing-mobility-decoding-electric-vehicles-evs-and-hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicles-hfcvs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2733</span> Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Khark Island-Iran Using Geographic Information System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Hani">Abbas Hani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Jassasizadeh"> Maryam Jassasizadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Ni were determined from 40 soil samples collected in surface soils of Khark Island. Geostatistic methods and GIS were used to identify heavy metal sources and their spatial pattern. Principal component analysis coupled with correlation between heavy metals showed that level of mentioned heavy metal was lower than the standard level. Then the data obtained from the soil analyzing were studied for the purposes of normal distribution. The best way of interior finding for cadmium and nickel was ordinary kriging and the best way of interpolation of lead was inverse distance weighted. The result of this study help us to understand heavy metals distribution and make decision for remediation of soil pollution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geostatistics" title="geostatistics">geostatistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordinary%20kriging" title=" ordinary kriging"> ordinary kriging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khark" title=" Khark"> Khark</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96079/spatial-distribution-of-heavy-metals-in-khark-island-iran-using-geographic-information-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2732</span> Removal of Heavy Metals from Water in the Presence of Organic Wastes: Fruit Peels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96zge%20Y%C4%B1lmaz%20Gel">Özge Yılmaz Gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berk%20K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7"> Berk Kılıç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derin%20Dalg%C4%B1%C3%A7"> Derin Dalgıç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ela%20Mia%20Sevilla%20Levi"> Ela Mia Sevilla Levi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96mer%20Ayd%C4%B1n"> Ömer Aydın</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this experiment, our goal was to remove heavy metals from water. Most recent studies have used removing toxic heavy elements: Cu⁺², Cr⁺³ and Fe⁺³ ions from aqueous solutions has been previously investigated with different kinds of plants like kiwi and tangerines. However, in this study, three different fruit peels were used. We tested banana, peach, and potato peels to remove heavy metal ions from their solution. The first step of the experiment was to wash the peels with distilled water and then dry the peels in an oven for 48 hrs at 80°C. Once the peels were washed and dried, 0.2 grams were weighed and added into 200 mL of %0.1 percent heavy metal solutions by mass. The mixing process was done via a magnetic stirrer. Each sample was taken in 15-minute intervals, and absorbance changes of the solutions were detected using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Among the used waste products, banana peel was the most efficient one. Moreover, the amount of fruit peel, pH values of the initial heavy metal solution, and initial concentration of heavy metal solutions were investigated to determine the effect of fruit peels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorbance" title="absorbance">absorbance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=removal%20of%20heavy%20metals" title=" removal of heavy metals"> removal of heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20peels" title=" fruit peels"> fruit peels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160535/removal-of-heavy-metals-from-water-in-the-presence-of-organic-wastes-fruit-peels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2731</span> Non-Linear Control Based on State Estimation for the Convoy of Autonomous Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-M.%20Mohamed%20Ahmed">M-M. Mohamed Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nacer%20K.%20M%E2%80%99Sirdi"> Nacer K. M’Sirdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aziz%20Naamane"> Aziz Naamane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a longitudinal and lateral control approach based on a nonlinear observer is proposed for a convoy of autonomous vehicles to follow a desired trajectory. To authors best knowledge, this topic has not yet been sufficiently addressed in the literature for the control of multi vehicles. The modeling of the convoy of the vehicles is revisited using a robotic method for simulation purposes and control design. With these models, a sliding mode observer is proposed to estimate the states of each vehicle in the convoy from the available sensors, then a sliding mode control based on this observer is used to control the longitudinal and lateral movement. The validation and performance evaluation are done using the well-known driving simulator Scanner-Studio. The results are presented for different maneuvers of 5 vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20vehicles" title="autonomous vehicles">autonomous vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convoy" title=" convoy"> convoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20control" title=" non-linear control"> non-linear control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20observer" title=" non-linear observer"> non-linear observer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode" title=" sliding mode"> sliding mode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111128/non-linear-control-based-on-state-estimation-for-the-convoy-of-autonomous-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2730</span> Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions by Low-Cost Materials: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Nazari">I. Nazari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Shaabani"> B. Shaabani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Abaasifar"> P. Abaasifar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In small quantities certain heavy metals are nutritionally essential for a healthy life. The heavy metals linked most often to human poisoning are lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. Other heavy metals including copper, zinc and chromium are actually required by the body in small quantity but can also be toxic in large doses. Nowadays, we have contamination to this heavy metals in some untreated industrial waste waters and even in several populated cities drinking waters around the world. The contamination of ground and underground water sources to heavy metals can be concentrated and travel up to food chain by drinking water and agricultural products. In recent years, the need for safe and economical methods for removal of heavy metals from contaminated water has necessitated research interest towards the finding low-cost alternatives. Bio-adsorbents have emerged as low-cost and efficient materials for the removal of heavy metals from waste and ground waters. The bio-adsorbents have an affinity for heavy metals ions to form metal complexes or chelates due to having functional groups including carboxyl, hydroxyl, imidazole, and etc. The objective of this study is to review researches in less expensive adsorbents and their utilization possibilities for various low-cost bio-adsorbents such as coffee beans, rice husk, and saw dust for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated waters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20pollution" title=" water pollution"> water pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-adsorbents" title=" bio-adsorbents"> bio-adsorbents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20cost%20adsorbents" title=" low cost adsorbents"> low cost adsorbents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30744/removal-of-heavy-metals-from-aqueous-solutions-by-low-cost-materials-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2729</span> Attitude and Perception of Non-emergency Vehicle Drivers on Roads Towards Medical Emergency Vehicles: The Role of Empathy and Pro-Social Skills</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Purnima%20K%20Bajre">Purnima K Bajre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rujula%20Talloo"> Rujula Talloo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A variety of vehicles are driven on roads such as private vehicles, commercial vehicles, public vehicles, and emergency service vehicles (EMV). Drivers driving different vehicles can have attitude differences towards emergency service vehicles which in turn affects their likelihood to give way to them. The present review aims to understand the factors that mediate this yielding behavior of drivers towards EMVs. Through extensive review of available literature, factors such as effects of lights and sirens, cognitive load, age of the driver, driving general experience, traffic load, drivers’ experience and training with EMVs and drivers’ attitude towards EMV drivers, have emerged as mediating factors. Whereas cognitive load is the most researched area and is observed to be associated negatively with on road drivers’ attitudes towards EMVs, there is a paucity of research to understand the relationships between empathy, pro-social skills, and on road drivers’ attitude towards EMVs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20load" title="cognitive load">cognitive load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20service%20vehicle" title=" emergency service vehicle"> emergency service vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empathy" title=" empathy"> empathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20load" title=" traffic load"> traffic load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191314/attitude-and-perception-of-non-emergency-vehicle-drivers-on-roads-towards-medical-emergency-vehicles-the-role-of-empathy-and-pro-social-skills" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20vehicles&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20vehicles&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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