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<span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Train" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Train"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Train</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Train-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Ferry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory_and_antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory_and_antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Prehistory and antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory_and_antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>French Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seaside_resort" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seaside_resort"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Seaside resort</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seaside_resort-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Destruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royan_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royan_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Royan today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royan_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>International Relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Church_of_Notre-Dame_(église_Notre-Dame)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Church_of_Notre-Dame_(église_Notre-Dame)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Church of Notre-Dame (<i>église Notre-Dame</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Church_of_Notre-Dame_(église_Notre-Dame)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Convention_Centre_(Palais_des_congrès)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Convention_Centre_(Palais_des_congrès)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Convention Centre (<i>Palais des congrès</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Convention_Centre_(Palais_des_congrès)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Market_(Marché_central)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Market_(Marché_central)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Central Market (<i>Marché central</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Market_(Marché_central)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Personalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Royan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)" title="رويان (فرنسا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رويان (فرنسا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruayan" title="Ruayan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ruayan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="رویان (فرانسه) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رویان (فرانسه)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Руаян – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руаян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Роаян – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Роаян" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Ρουαγιάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουαγιάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="رویان (فرانسه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رویان (فرانسه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%95%84%EC%96%91" title="루아양 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루아양" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ռուայան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուայան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roiannum" title="Roiannum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Roiannum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruaj%C4%81na" title="Ruajāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ruajāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruajanas" title="Ruajanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ruajanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roian" title="Roian – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Roian" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)" title="رويان (بلديه فى فرنسا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رويان (بلديه فى فرنسا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E3%83%B3" title="ロワイヤン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロワイヤン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ГӀуайан – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀуайан" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roian" title="Roian – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Roian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Руайан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Руайан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Роајан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Роајан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Руайан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Руайан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Руаян – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Руаян" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E7%93%A6%E6%89%AC" title="鲁瓦扬 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鲁瓦扬" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" title="Royan – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Royan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E7%93%A6%E6%89%AC" title="鲁瓦扬 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鲁瓦扬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81909#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royan" class="extiw" title="fr:Royan">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>.  <i><small>(December 2008)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRoyan&sl=fr&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the French article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Royan]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Royan}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Royan" title="Talk:Royan">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Royan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">Commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Royan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The port of Royan"><img alt="The port of Royan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Port_Royan.jpg/270px-Port_Royan.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Port_Royan.jpg/405px-Port_Royan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Port_Royan.jpg/540px-Port_Royan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">The port of Royan</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Royan"><img alt="Coat of arms of Royan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Blason_Royan.svg/73px-Blason_Royan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Blason_Royan.svg/109px-Blason_Royan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Blason_Royan.svg/145px-Blason_Royan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Royan</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_13af414f82364d710f989818e9da950e01381682"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Royan&revid=1253744076&groups=_13af414f82364d710f989818e9da950e01381682" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Royan&revid=1253744076&groups=_13af414f82364d710f989818e9da950e01381682 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royan is located in France"><img alt="Royan is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:56%;left:30.19%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Royan"><img alt="Royan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Royan</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royan is located in Nouvelle-Aquitaine"><img alt="Royan is located in Nouvelle-Aquitaine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg/270px-Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg/405px-Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg/540px-Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="1017" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.334%;left:19.26%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Royan"><img alt="Royan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Royan</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Nouvelle-Aquitaine</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Royan&params=45.62_N_1.03_W_type:city(19029)_region:FR-NAQ"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°37′N</span> <span class="longitude">1°02′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.62°N 1.03°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.62; -1.03</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Rochefort" title="Arrondissement of Rochefort">Rochefort</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Royan" title="Canton of Royan">Royan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_d%27agglom%C3%A9ration_Royan_Atlantique" title="Communauté d'agglomération Royan Atlantique">CA Royan Atlantique</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Patrick Marengo<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">19.30 km<sup>2</sup> (7.45 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">19,029</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">990/km<sup>2</sup> (2,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-17306">17306</a> /17200</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">0–35 m (0–115 ft) <br />(avg. 20 m or 66 ft)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Royan</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʁwajɑ̃]</a></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">locally</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʁwejɑ̃]</a></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Saintongeais_dialect" title="Saintongeais dialect">Saintongeais dialect</a>; <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">Roian</i>) is a commune and town in the south-west of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Capital of the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_de_Beaut%C3%A9" title="Côte de Beauté">Côte de Beauté</a>, Royan is one of the main French Atlantic coastal resort towns, and has five beaches, a marina for over 1,000 boats, and an active fishing port. As of 2013, the population of the greater urban area was 48,982. The town had 19,029 inhabitants in 2021. </p><p>Royan is located on the peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Arvert" title="Arvert">Arvert</a>, at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Gironde_estuary" title="Gironde estuary">Gironde estuary</a> on its eastern shore. Royan was once of strategic importance, coveted in particular by the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a>. During the Reformation the city became a Protestant stronghold, and was besieged and destroyed by King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII of France</a> (ruled 1610–43). During the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a> (1814–1830), and especially during the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a> (1852–1870), Royan was celebrated for its sea baths. It attracted many artists during the <a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a>. </p><p>Allied bombing between September 1944 and April 1945 destroyed the town. Known then as the "martyred city", it was declared a "Laboratory of research on urbanism", and it is now a showcase of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modernist architecture</a> of the 1950s. It was classified as a <a href="/wiki/French_Towns_and_Lands_of_Art_and_History" title="French Towns and Lands of Art and History">Town of Art and History</a> (<i>Ville d'Art et d'Histoire</i>) in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Royan today is a tourist and cultural hub, with some 90,000 visitors each summer season.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royan is a seaside <a href="/wiki/Resort_town" title="Resort town">resort town</a> situated in the west of the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a>, in the former province of <a href="/wiki/Saintonge_(region)" title="Saintonge (region)">Saintonge</a>. It lies near the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> coast on the eastern shore of the <a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">mouth</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gironde_estuary" title="Gironde estuary">Gironde</a>, Europe's largest estuary. Along the coastline of the commune, limestone <a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">cliffs</a> alternate with the five beaches known locally as <i>conches</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town of Royan is built on a <a href="/wiki/Calcareous" title="Calcareous">calcareous</a> rock plateau dating from the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> Period (c. 150 million years ago). It is bounded by the Pousseau marshes to the north and the Pontaillac marshes to the west. The <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a>, the cliffs and the <i>conches</i> were shaped approximately 66 million years ago by the folding of <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> layers as the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> formed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royan is approximately 65 kilometres (40 mi) from the administrative capital (<a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a>) of the department, <a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a>, by departmental road D 733 and national road (<i>Route nationale</i>, RN) 137. It is 98 km (61 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> by departmental road D 730 and the A10 freeway, and 507 km (315 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. Between Royan and the town of <a href="/wiki/Saintes,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saintes, Charente-Maritime">Saintes</a>, the historic capital of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Saintonge" title="County of Saintonge">Saintonge</a> and an important centre of art and history, travel time on the RN 150 is just under half an hour. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Train">Train</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Train"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royan SNCF railway station is the terminus of a line connecting the town to <a href="/wiki/Saintes,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saintes, Charente-Maritime">Saintes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Angoulême">Angoulême</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Niort" title="Niort">Niort</a> (for the high-speed <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> rail link to Bordeaux and Paris). </p><p>Across the Gironde estuary, the station of La Pointe-de-Grave at <a href="/wiki/Le_Verdon-sur-Mer" title="Le Verdon-sur-Mer">Le Verdon-sur-Mer</a> connects through the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9doc" title="Médoc">Médoc region</a> to <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Bordeaux-Saint-Jean" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Bordeaux-Saint-Jean">Bordeaux-Saint-Jean station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tramways_de_Royan" title="Tramways de Royan">Tramways de Royan</a> provided mainly passenger transport along the coast from 1890 to 1945 and partially even longer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">conurbation</a> of Royan does not have its own airport. 30 km (19 mi) away, Rochefort-Saint-Agnant Airport offers flights to several European destinations, including the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle_%E2%80%93_%C3%8Ele_de_R%C3%A9_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rochelle – Île de Ré Airport">La Rochelle – Île de Ré Airport</a> is 70 km (43 mi) away. 100 km (62 mi) to the south, <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux%E2%80%93M%C3%A9rignac_Airport" title="Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport">Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport</a> provides international connections. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferry">Ferry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ferry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A ferry provides bicycle, car and lorry transport across the Gironde estuary to <a href="/wiki/Le_Verdon-sur-Mer" title="Le Verdon-sur-Mer">Le Verdon-sur-Mer</a> in the Médoc region. The crossing takes about 30 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate is oceanic: rainfall is relatively moderate in autumn and in winter and the winters are mild. <a href="/wiki/Sea_breeze" title="Sea breeze">Sea breezes</a> keep summer temperatures moderate. Two winds, the north-westerly <i>noroît</i> and the south-westerly <i>suroît</i>, blow in from the ocean and along the coast of the department. The very high average <a href="/wiki/Insolation" class="mw-redirect" title="Insolation">insolation</a> of 2,250 hours a year is comparable to the <a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a> was the department most affected by <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Martin_(1999)" title="Cyclone Martin (1999)">Cyclone Martin</a> on 27 December 1999. Winds speeds of up to 198 kilometres per hour (123 mph) were recorded on the island of <a href="/wiki/Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Oléron">Oléron</a>, and 194 kilometres per hour (121 mph) in Royan, with severe damage to local buildings, woodland and harbour facilities. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Royan </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.5<br />(3.25) </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.1<br />(2.60) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.0<br />(2.24) </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.7<br />(2.07) </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.1<br />(2.41) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.9<br />(1.69) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(1.38) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.4<br />(1.83) </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.5<br />(2.22) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.6<br />(3.21) </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">91.8<br />(3.61) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.8<br />(3.22) </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">755.3<br />(29.74) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #999999; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #B7B75B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">212 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">239 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">272 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">305 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">277 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167 </td> <td style="background: #B2B279; color:#000000;" class="notheme">107 </td> <td style="background: #9B9B9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,250 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory_and_antiquity">Prehistory and antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Prehistory and antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The site of Royan has been occupied since <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistoric times</a>, as evidenced by archaeological finds of <a href="/wiki/Knapping" title="Knapping">knapped</a> flint.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Santones" class="mw-redirect" title="Santones">Santones</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> people, were early arrivals on the <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a> of Arvert. The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> developed vineyards, oyster farming, and the <a href="/wiki/Saltern" title="Saltern">saltern</a> technique for salt production. The poet <a href="/wiki/Tibullus" title="Tibullus">Tibullus</a> celebrates the coast after the victory of his patron, the general <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Valerius_Messalla_Corvinus" title="Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus">Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus</a>, and the poet <a href="/wiki/Ausonius" title="Ausonius">Ausonius</a> built a villa here. The <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> arrived in <a href="/wiki/Saintes,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saintes, Charente-Maritime">Saintes</a> in 418. In 419, defensive walls were built around Royan. Gregory of Tours mentions the usurpation of the church of Royan by the <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arian</a> <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a>. In the summer of 844, the <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> came up the Gironde, plundering everything in their path.<sup id="cite_ref-Binot_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Binot-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:358px;max-width:358px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eglise_Saint-Pierre_de_Royan_en_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Eglise_Saint-Pierre_de_Royan_en_1918.jpg/150px-Eglise_Saint-Pierre_de_Royan_en_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Eglise_Saint-Pierre_de_Royan_en_1918.jpg/225px-Eglise_Saint-Pierre_de_Royan_en_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Eglise_Saint-Pierre_de_Royan_en_1918.jpg/300px-Eglise_Saint-Pierre_de_Royan_en_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="869" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eglise_Saint_Pierre_Royan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Eglise_Saint_Pierre_Royan.jpg/200px-Eglise_Saint_Pierre_Royan.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Eglise_Saint_Pierre_Royan.jpg/300px-Eglise_Saint_Pierre_Royan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Eglise_Saint_Pierre_Royan.jpg/400px-Eglise_Saint_Pierre_Royan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left"><b>Left image</b>:Saint-Pierre church in 1918<br /> <b>Right image</b>: Saint-Pierre church in 2010</div></div></div></div> <p>At the beginning of the 11th century, a precarious peace returned to the peninsula. Small <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fiefdoms</a> and abbeys emerged. Between 1050 and 1075, the Prieuré de Saint-Vivien de Saintes built the Saint Pierre priory on the Saint-Pierre plateau, two kilometres from Royan and a small settlement grew there. In 1092, the <a href="/wiki/Grande-Sauve_Abbey" title="Grande-Sauve Abbey">Grande-Sauve Abbey</a> built the Saint Nicolas priory nearby, on the Foncillon rock on the coast. A small castle in Royan protected the beach of Grande Conche, used as a harbour. Harbour activity was significant by the end of the 11th century, and many vessels used the Gironde estuary as a stopping point while waiting for favourable winds or currents. The Lord of Didonne took advantage of this to impose a tax on any boat mooring at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castle</a>. </p><p>In 1137, <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a> married King <a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII of France</a>. Royan became part of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">Duchy of Aquitaine</a>, under direct royal control. In 1152, the marriage was annulled and Eleanor married <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry Plantagenet</a>, who became King Henry II of England in 1154. Royan passed into English control. </p><p>The English king strengthened the town's defences with robust <a href="/wiki/Bastion" title="Bastion">bulwarks</a> and a solid <a href="/wiki/Keep" title="Keep">keep</a>. The various taxes paid by ships in the 13th century were codified by the Lords of Royan in 1232 as the Custom of Royan (<i>Coutume de Royan</i>). On May 20, 1242, King Henry III of England, at war with King <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a> (Saint Louis), landed at Royan with 300 knights. Although defeated at <a href="/wiki/Taillebourg,_Charente-Maritime" title="Taillebourg, Charente-Maritime">Taillebourg</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1259)" title="Treaty of Paris (1259)">Treaty of Paris (1259)</a> the English retained control of the south of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Saintonge" title="County of Saintonge">Saintonge</a>, and with it the town of Royan. In 1355, during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Black_Prince" title="Edward the Black Prince">Black Prince</a>, heir to the throne of England, occupied <a href="/wiki/County_of_Saintonge" title="County of Saintonge">Saintonge</a> and further strengthened Royan's defences. Royan became a large town, administered by twelve magistrates (<i>échevins</i>) and twelve councillors. In 1451, at the end of the Hundred Years' War, the region had become definitively French but the town was in ruins. </p><p>In 1458, <a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Valois" title="Marie de Valois">Marie de Valois</a> (1444–1473), <a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(family_law)" title="Legitimacy (family law)">natural</a> daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII of France</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Mistress_(lover)" title="Mistress (lover)">mistress</a> <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Sorel" title="Agnès Sorel">Agnès Sorel</a>, married Olivier de Coëtivy, <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count</a> of <a href="/wiki/Taillebourg,_Charente-Maritime" title="Taillebourg, Charente-Maritime">Taillebourg</a>. She brought a <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a> of 12,000 <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cu" title="Écu">écus</a> and the fiefdoms, or <i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telain" title="Châtelain">châtellenies</a></i>, of Royan and Mornac. In 1501, by his marriage to Louise de Coëtivy, Charles de la Trémoille became Baron of Royan. Commerce developed in the town, but access was made difficult by the town's fortifications. From the beginning of the 16th century, a new quarter developed along the beachfront. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a> in the 16th century, many of the great captains of the time fought beneath the walls of the <a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">citadel</a>, among them Henri de Navarre, who would become King Henry III of Navarre and then King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Bourdeille,_seigneur_de_Brant%C3%B4me" title="Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme">Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme</a>, later a <a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">prior</a> of Saint-Pierre-de-Royan). In 1592, Henry IV made the town a <a href="/wiki/Marquisate" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquisate">marquisate</a>, granted to Gilbert de la Trémoille. At the beginning of the 17th century, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Louis_de_Nogaret_de_La_Valette" title="Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette">Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette</a>, the first Duke of Épernon, considered Royan "one of better places of its size in France". After the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes" title="Edict of Nantes">Edict of Nantes</a> in 1598, it became a Protestant stronghold. </p><p>The town was <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">besieged</a> a first time in 1622 by King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII of France</a>, but resisted. A second siege in 1623 caused great hardship. Many inhabitants abandoned the city and were <a href="/wiki/Ban_(law)" title="Ban (law)">banned</a> from returning. The <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a> was forced to surrender. In 1631, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a> ordered the levelling of the town; the citadel was dismantled, and the ditches were filled in. The city, which no longer had a church, was associated with the rural <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parish</a> of Saint Pierre. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Fontainebleau" title="Edict of Fontainebleau">revocation of the Edict of Nantes</a>, a majority of the population emigrated, many people going to the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>. Persecution continued under King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XV of France">Louis XV</a>. A great storm in 1735 destroyed the <a href="/wiki/Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbour">harbour</a> embankment, and navigation was not restored until the 19th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_Revolution">French Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: French Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 22 December 1789, the <a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">National Constituent Assembly</a> set up in the early stages of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> voted for the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France#History" title="Departments of France">administrative division of France into departments</a> in place of the former provinces. The department of Charente-Inférieure was created on 4 March 1790 with the entry into force of this law. Each department was subdivided into districts, and each district into <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">cantons</a>. Royan became the administrative centre of its canton. </p><p>Royan elected a <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a> at that time, chaired by Daniel Renaud, a Protestant, and mayor Nicolas-Thérese Vallet of Salignac. On July 12, 1790, the National Constituent Assembly passed a law, the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy" title="Civil Constitution of the Clergy">Civil Constitution of the Clergy</a>, which subordinated the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> to the government. The priests of the parishes of Royan, Vaux and Saint-Sulpice refused to take an <a href="/wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy#Obligatory_oath" title="Civil Constitution of the Clergy">obligatory oath</a> of allegiance to France under this law, so joining the group of "refractory priests" (<i>prêtres réfractaires</i>) condemned to <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">deportation</a>. </p><p>Throughout the country, church properties were seized. In Royan, the 1622 convent of the <a href="/wiki/Recollects" title="Recollects">Récollets</a>, set in grounds of 33 hectares (82 acres), was put up for sale. It was bought on 25 February 1791, and then demolished, by shipowner Jean Boisseau<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>As elsewhere, economic crisis caused growing dissatisfaction in Royan. To counter this, patriotic clubs were formed. On 14 July 1790, on the occasion of the first Festival of the Federation (<i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration" title="Fête de la Fédération">Fête de la Fédération</a></i> celebrations the French Revolution, a ceremony was organized in the church of Saint Pierre for the swearing of the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration#Official_celebration" title="Fête de la Fédération">solemn oath</a> to the coming <a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1791" title="French Constitution of 1791">first French Constitution</a>, adopted in 1791. </p><p>At the end of November 1790, mayor Nicolas-Thérese Vallet of Salignac was removed from office and was replaced by François d' Aulnis de Puiraveaux. In 1791, Daniel Renaud was elected mayor of the commune. In May 1791, the pro-republican, anti-royalist <a href="/wiki/Jacobin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobin">Society of the Friends of the Constitution</a> established a branch in Royan. In general terms, however, the <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a> (<i>la Terreur</i>) after the creation of the <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First French Republic</a> had little impact in the area, and few of the local nobles were affected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seaside_resort">Seaside resort</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Seaside resort"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_casino,_Royan,_France-LCCN2001698693.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_casino%2C_Royan%2C_France-LCCN2001698693.jpg/220px-The_casino%2C_Royan%2C_France-LCCN2001698693.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_casino%2C_Royan%2C_France-LCCN2001698693.jpg/330px-The_casino%2C_Royan%2C_France-LCCN2001698693.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_casino%2C_Royan%2C_France-LCCN2001698693.jpg/440px-The_casino%2C_Royan%2C_France-LCCN2001698693.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>The casino in 1895, destroyed in 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>Work to pave the town's streets began in 1816, and was finally completed in 1826. In July 1819, mayor Raymond Labarthe signed the first order regulating sea bathing. This forbade <a href="/wiki/Nude_bathing" class="mw-redirect" title="Nude bathing">nude bathing</a> at beaches neighbouring houses, and reserved Foncillon beach for women. In 1820, it was forbidden "to wash pigs, horses and other cattle in the sea as we have baths". In 1836, a staircase was cut out of the rock to facilitate the landing of passengers from boats. By 1845, civil engineering works by the engineer Botton incorporated the Foncillon cliff into Royan's port. In 1847, the engineer Lessore built the town's first <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casino</a>. The first street lights were installed in 1854, during a time of considerable development in the town under the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a> (1852–1870). Between 1850 and 1870, tourist numbers increased from 9,000 to 10,000, and the population from 3,329 to 4,500. </p><p>Royan was a fashionable seaside resort in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with magnificent boulevards. In 1922, Royan achieved the classification of "summer resort". The town welcomed many prominent guests such as <a href="/wiki/Sacha_Guitry" title="Sacha Guitry">Sacha Guitry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Printemps" title="Yvonne Printemps">Yvonne Printemps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Marquet" title="Mary Marquet">Mary Marquet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Henri_Lartigue" title="Jacques Henri Lartigue">Jacques-Henri Lartigue</a> or the painter <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Destruction">Destruction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Destruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, two German forts defended the Gironde estuary: <i>Gironde Mündung Nord</i> (to the north, at Royan) and <i>Gironde Mündung Süd</i> (to the south, at La <a href="/wiki/Pointe_de_Grave" title="Pointe de Grave">Pointe de Grave</a>). These constituted one of the last pockets of <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Third Reich</a> resistance along the Atlantic coast of France, well after the <a href="/wiki/Free_France#Liberation_of_France" title="Free France">liberation</a> of the rest of the country. A force of some 350 heavy bombers of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF) bombed Royan in two raids conducted in the early hours of 5 January 1945, destroying the town. Four Lancaster heavy bombers were shot down; no aircrew survived. Two other bombers also crashed after colliding. The raid was ordered by <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Expeditionary_Force" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force">Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force</a> (SHAEF),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had been told that the only people left in Royan were Germans and collaborators. Responsibility for this raid is generally attributed to <a href="/wiki/Edgard_de_Larminat" title="Edgard de Larminat">General de Larminat</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Free_French_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French Forces">Free French Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> operation against the German forces on the island of <a href="/wiki/Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Oléron">Oléron</a> and at the mouth of the Gironde estuary began with a general naval bombardment on 15 April 1945, some 10 months after <a href="/wiki/D-Day" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Day">D-Day</a>. For five days, the American naval task force assisted the <a href="/wiki/Free_French_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French Forces">French</a> ground forces with naval bombardment and aerial reconnaissance in the assault on Royan and the Pointe de Grave area at the mouth of the Gironde. American <a href="/wiki/B-17_Flying_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-17 Flying Fortress">B-17 Flying Fortress</a> and <a href="/wiki/B-24_Liberator" class="mw-redirect" title="B-24 Liberator">B-24 Liberator</a> aircraft carried out aerial bombing missions, including extensive and pioneering use of <a href="/wiki/Napalm" title="Napalm">napalm</a>, finishing the destruction of 5 January.<sup id="cite_ref-Zinn_Royan_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinn_Royan-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first bombing raids killed over 1,000 civilians and only 23 German soldiers. When the Americans returned later and used <a href="/wiki/Napalm" title="Napalm">napalm</a>, they destroyed the entire town and killed another 1,700 civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-Zinn_Royan_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinn_Royan-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blandford writes, "There was a Free French commander with the U.S. Seventh Army outside Royan, who was not informed until too late. The message was in French and the American signalman could not understand it. It took four hours to get it translated". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Howard Zinn</a>, author of <i><a href="/wiki/A_People%27s_History_of_the_United_States" title="A People's History of the United States">A People's History of the United States</a></i>, was one of many bombardiers who participated in the World War II attacks on Royan. He later wrote of the bombardment.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Royan_today">Royan today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Royan today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town was rebuilt as part of an urban development programme in the 1950s, and is representative of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modernist architecture</a> of the period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inhabitants of Royan are known as <i>Royannais</i> (male) and <i>Royannaises</i> (female) in French.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,182</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,129</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.35%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,202</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,339</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,589</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.02%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,761</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.29%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,881</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.85%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,106</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.52%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,329</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">3,568</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,005</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.34%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,170</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.81%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,685</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.96%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,155</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.42%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">5,445</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,702</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.24%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,247</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.58%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,287</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.72%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,374</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.21%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">8,843</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,330</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.08%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,242</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.94%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,388</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,328</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.75%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">12,192</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.48%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,649</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,289</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.98%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,521</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.77%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,292</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.76%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">18,062</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.62%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,540</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.42%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,837</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.51%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,102</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,424</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.94%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2012 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">17,690</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.81%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,398</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.79%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE (1968-2017)<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_Relations">International Relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: International Relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royan is twinned with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Balingen" title="Balingen">Balingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gosport" title="Gosport">Gosport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nafplion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nafplion">Nafplion</a> (Ναύπλιο), <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Royal" title="Annapolis Royal">Annapolis Royal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, Canada</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sights">Sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Church_of_Notre-Dame_(église_Notre-Dame)"><span id="Church_of_Notre-Dame_.28.C3.A9glise_Notre-Dame.29"></span>Church of Notre-Dame (<i>église Notre-Dame</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Church of Notre-Dame (église Notre-Dame)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royan's 1877 <a href="/wiki/Neo-Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Gothic">neo-Gothic</a> church, on what is now the Square Charles de Gaulle, was destroyed when Royan was bombed on January 5, 1945. After the war a new church was built, bigger, architecturally ambitious and spectacular, and drawing its aesthetic inspiration from the large Gothic <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedrals</a>. </p><p>Notre-Dame de Royan, completed in 1958 and built entirely of <a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a> by architects Guillaume Gillet and Marc Hébrard and engineers <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lafaille" title="Bernard Lafaille">Bernard Lafaille</a>, René Sarger and Ou Tseng, is considered a masterpiece of contemporary architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The church took three years to build. The elliptical nave is 45 metres long by 22 metres wide (148 ft × 72 ft) and has a <a href="/wiki/Seating_capacity" title="Seating capacity">seating capacity</a> for some 2000 people. It is flanked by an <a href="/wiki/Ambulatory" title="Ambulatory">ambulatory</a>, and a gallery three metres above the floor. The gallery is lit by <a href="/wiki/Rhombus" title="Rhombus">rhombus-shaped</a> <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> representing the <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a>. The building's structure alternates prestressed V-shaped reinforced concrete elements made using the Lafaille process, named for its inventor, French engineer <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lafaille" title="Bernard Lafaille">Bernard Lafaille</a>, with huge windows, made by master <a href="/wiki/Glazier" title="Glazier">glazier</a> Henri Martin-Granel and covering a total area of 500 square metres (5,400 sq ft). The church was classified as a historical monument in 1988. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Convention_Centre_(Palais_des_congrès)"><span id="Convention_Centre_.28Palais_des_congr.C3.A8s.29"></span>Convention Centre (<i>Palais des congrès</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Convention Centre (Palais des congrès)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Palais des congrès</i> was built in 1957 by Bordeaux architect Claude Ferret. Its design is based on cubic geometry, relieved by the oblique lines of external staircases and by the subtle interweaving of convex inner walls. A glass wall opens a broad outlook onto the Gironde estuary, and the building was later extended with gardens under a transparent cube. It was classified as a historical monument in 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Market_(Marché_central)"><span id="Central_Market_.28March.C3.A9_central.29"></span>Central Market (<i>Marché central</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Central Market (Marché central)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Built in 1955 by architects Louis Simon and Andre Morisseau and engineer René Sarger, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=March%C3%A9_central_de_Royan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marché central de Royan (page does not exist)">Marché central de Royan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%C3%A9_central_de_Royan" class="extiw" title="fr:Marché central de Royan">fr</a>]</span> is a round concrete shell with walls 8 centimetres (3 in) thick. It rests on thirteen peripheral support-points, and has no internal pillars. The structure is 52.4 metres (171.9 ft) in <a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">diameter</a>, with a central height of 10.5 metres (34.4 ft). It served as the model for the market in <a href="/wiki/Nanterre" title="Nanterre">Nanterre</a> and for the Centre of New Industries and Technologies (CNIT) in the <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9fense" title="La Défense">La Défense</a> neighbourhood of Paris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CAREL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/CAREL.jpg/220px-CAREL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/CAREL.jpg/330px-CAREL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/CAREL.jpg/440px-CAREL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>CAREL (<i>Centre Audiovisuel de Royan pour l'Étude des Langues</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Royan's language university, CAREL (<i>Centre Audiovisuel de Royan pour l'Étude des Langues</i>), attracts language students, and foreign students from some 80 countries. Its facilities include twenty soundproof audiovisual rooms, four language laboratories, an auditorium, a library, a television studio and a self-service cafeteria. It prepares students to sit language examinations, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Dipl%C3%B4me_approfondi_de_langue_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Diplôme approfondi de langue française">Diplôme approfondi de langue française</a></i> (DALF), the <i><a href="/wiki/Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27%C3%A9tudes_en_langue_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Diplôme d'études en langue française">Diplôme d'études en langue française</a></i> (DELF), the <i><a href="/wiki/Test_de_connaissance_du_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Test de connaissance du français">Test de connaissance du français</a></i> (TCF), and the <i><a href="/wiki/Test_de_fran%C3%A7ais_international" title="Test de français international">Test de français international</a></i> (TFI). </p><p>Junior high schools (<i>collèges</i>) include the Collège Émile Zola, Collège Henry Dunant and Collège Sainte-Marie. </p><p>Senior high schools (<i>lycées</i>) include the Lycée de l'Atlantique and the Lycée de Cordouan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main <a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">stadium</a> of the city is the Stade d'honneur, near the railway station. Royan has numerous other sports facilities, including two <a href="/wiki/Swimming_pool" title="Swimming pool">swimming pools</a>, of which one, at Foncillon, is an outdoor seawater pool open in the summer months; several gymnasiums; a sports hall; several <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a> courts; a <a href="/wiki/Basque_pelota" title="Basque pelota">Basque pelota</a> wall; a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a> ground; and a <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> course. </p><p>The commune also has a <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surf</a>-club, based near Pontaillac beach, and a <a href="/wiki/Karting" class="mw-redirect" title="Karting">karting</a> circuit (KFM - Circuit of the <i>côte de beauté</i>). </p><p>Nearby, La Palmyre, in the commune of <a href="/wiki/Les_Mathes" title="Les Mathes">Les Mathes</a>, has a racecourse, a <a href="/wiki/Riding_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Riding school">riding school</a> and an 18-hole <a href="/wiki/Golf_course" title="Golf course">golf course</a>. </p><p>On 18–24 June 2017, the <a href="/wiki/World_Flying_Disc_Federation" title="World Flying Disc Federation">World Flying Disc Federation</a> (WFDF) World Championships of Beach <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">Ultimate</a> were held in Royan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personalities">Personalities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Personalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in the commune of Royan: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadrien_David" title="Hadrien David">Hadrien David</a> (born 2004), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Dugua,_Sieur_de_Mons" title="Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons">Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons</a>, (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1558</span>–1628), merchant, explorer and colonizer<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_L%C3%A9opold-Lacour" title="Marie Léopold-Lacour">Marie Léopold-Lacour</a> (1859-1942), feminist, journalist, writer<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Pelletan" title="Eugène Pelletan">Eugène Pelletan</a> (1813–84), writer, journalist and politician<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Pelisson-Mallet" title="Jeanne Pelisson-Mallet">Jeanne Pelisson-Mallet</a> (1873–1961), painter<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Famous residents: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Charente-Maritime_department" title="Communes of the Charente-Maritime department">Communes of the Charente-Maritime department</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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.id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a> (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.pub=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-17306">"Populations légales 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7725600%3Fgeo%3DCOM-17306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/commune/17306-royan">Commune de Royan (17306)</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudouest.fr/2010/11/18/royan-sacree-ville-d-art-et-d-histoire-242599-1510.php">"Royan sacrée ville d'Art et d'histoire"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royan+sacr%C3%A9e+ville+d%27Art+et+d%27histoire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudouest.fr%2F2010%2F11%2F18%2Froyan-sacree-ville-d-art-et-d-histoire-242599-1510.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-royan.fr/?page=infos_pratiques/royan_chiffres">"Royan en chiffres"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royan+en+chiffres&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ville-royan.fr%2F%3Fpage%3Dinfos_pratiques%2Froyan_chiffres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.ter.sncf.com/medias/PDF/nouvelle_aquitaine/Affiche%2033%20post%20été_tcm78-162614_tcm78-162613.pdf">Timetable N° 33</a> TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine regional train service, Le Verdon-Lesparre-Bordeaux-Macau-Pessac, valid from 27 August 2018 to 8 December 2018, retrieved on 16 October 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memoire-ferroviaire-bordeaux.fr/la-ligne-du-medoc/">"La Ligne du Médoc"</a> [The Médoc Line]. <i>Mémoire Ferroviaire de Bordeaux.fr</i> (in French). Association "Mémoire Ferroviaire de Bordeaux" (Railway Memory of Bordeaux Association)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9moire+Ferroviaire+de+Bordeaux.fr&rft.atitle=La+Ligne+du+M%C3%A9doc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.memoire-ferroviaire-bordeaux.fr%2Fla-ligne-du-medoc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gironde.fr/deplacements/les-bacs-girondins-ferries#coup-doeil">Les bacs girondins (ferries)</a>, www.gironde.fr (in French).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Binot-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Binot_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBinot1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Binot, Guy (1994). "Chapitre 1: Les origines, du mythe a la réalité" [Chapter 1: Origins, from Myth to Reality]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docplayer.fr/5595582-Histoire-de-royan-et-de-la-presqu-ile-d-arvert.html"><i>Histoire de Royan et de la presqu'île d'Arvert</i></a> [<i>History of Royan and the Arvert Peninsula</i>] (in French). Paris, France: Le Croît Vif. pp. 4–20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-907967-17-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-907967-17-4"><bdi>978-2-907967-17-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapitre+1%3A+Les+origines%2C+du+mythe+a+la+r%C3%A9alit%C3%A9&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+Royan+et+de+la+presqu%27%C3%AEle+d%27Arvert&rft.place=Paris%2C+France&rft.pages=4-20&rft.pub=Le+Cro%C3%AEt+Vif&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-2-907967-17-4&rft.aulast=Binot&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocplayer.fr%2F5595582-Histoire-de-royan-et-de-la-presqu-ile-d-arvert.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/jan45.html">Bomber Command Diary January 1945</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070611024304/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/jan45.html">Archived</a> June 11, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Zinn reader: writings on disobedience and democracy</i>, Howard Zinn; page 275 <i>ff</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JGLkwCNI7sIC&pg=PA275">google books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zinn_Royan-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zinn_Royan_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zinn_Royan_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZinn2011" class="citation book cs1">Zinn, Howard (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VotAP9b-KjkC&q=Zinn+reader+The+bombingof+Royan&pg=PT270">"Part 3, Section 2: The Bombing of Royan, from The Politics of History"</a>. <i>The Zinn Reader: Writings on Disobedience and Democracy</i>. Seven Stories Press. pp. 270–282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781583229460" title="Special:BookSources/9781583229460"><bdi>9781583229460</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+3%2C+Section+2%3A+The+Bombing+of+Royan%2C+from+The+Politics+of+History&rft.btitle=The+Zinn+Reader%3A+Writings+on+Disobedience+and+Democracy&rft.pages=270-282&rft.pub=Seven+Stories+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781583229460&rft.aulast=Zinn&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVotAP9b-KjkC%26q%3DZinn%2Breader%2BThe%2Bbombingof%2BRoyan%26pg%3DPT270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Zinn reader: writings on disobedience and democracy</i>, Howard Zinn; page 267. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JGLkwCNI7sIC&pg=PA267">google books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.habitants.fr/charente-maritime-17">Le nom des habitants du 17 - Charente-Maritime</a>, habitants.fr</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehess-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ehess_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=29927">Commune data sheet Royan</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pophist_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-17306#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevillebichotBezançon2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Devillebichot, Daniel; Bezançon, Xavier (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xv9sBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA281"><i>Histoire de la construction moderne et contemporaine en France</i></a> [<i>History of Modern and Contemporary Building in France</i>] (in French). Editions Eyrolles. p. 281. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782212268799" title="Special:BookSources/9782212268799"><bdi>9782212268799</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+construction+moderne+et+contemporaine+en+France&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Editions+Eyrolles&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9782212268799&rft.aulast=Devillebichot&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Bezan%C3%A7on%2C+Xavier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxv9sBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacBeath1979" class="citation book cs1">MacBeath, George (1979) [1st pub. 1966]. "Dugua de Monts (Du Gua, de Mons), Pierre". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/du_gua_de_monts_pierre_1E.html"><i>Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Volume I (1000-1700)</i></a>. Toronto/Quebec, Canada: University of Toronto/Université Laval<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dugua+de+Monts+%28Du+Gua%2C+de+Mons%29%2C+Pierre&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography.+Volume+I+%281000-1700%29&rft.place=Toronto%2FQuebec%2C+Canada&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto%2FUniversit%C3%A9+Laval&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=MacBeath&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fdu_gua_de_monts_pierre_1E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://consultation.archives.hauts-de-seine.net/mdr/index.php/docnumViewer/calculHierarchieDocNum/713744/367506:396213:412162:412165:713744/768/1366">"GAIA 9 : moteur de recherche"</a>. <i>consultation.archives.hauts-de-seine.net</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Paris, France: Aristide Quillet, Editeur. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Paris, France: Société des artistes indépendants. p. 168<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+de+la+48e+exposition+au+Pavillon+des+Salons+%28Esplanade+des+Invalides%29+du+5+mars+au+4+avril+inclus%2C+1937&rft.place=Paris%2C+France&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+artistes+ind%C3%A9pendants&rft.date=1937&rft.au=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+artistes+ind%C3%A9pendants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k9734330r%2Ff180.item.r%3DJeanne%2520Pelisson-Mallet%2520art.zoom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiganeau2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Piganeau, Didier (4 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sudouest.fr/2013/12/04/picasso-le-royannaisa-lire-avant-l-exposition-1248220-1510.php">"Royan : hommage au peintre Picasso en 2014"</a> [Royan: Tribute to the Painter Picasso in 2014]. <i>Sud Ouest</i> (in French). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sud+Ouest&rft.atitle=Royan+%3A+hommage+au+peintre+Picasso+en+2014&rft.date=2013-12-04&rft.aulast=Piganeau&rft.aufirst=Didier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudouest.fr%2F2013%2F12%2F04%2Fpicasso-le-royannaisa-lire-avant-l-exposition-1248220-1510.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFService2010" class="citation book cs1">Service, Robert (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bkCXBCWHu1gC&q=Royan+Trotsky%3A+A+Biography&pg=PA421"><i>Trotsky: A Biography</i></a>. Pan Macmillan. p. 421. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780330522687" title="Special:BookSources/9780330522687"><bdi>9780330522687</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trotsky%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=421&rft.pub=Pan+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780330522687&rft.aulast=Service&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbkCXBCWHu1gC%26q%3DRoyan%2BTrotsky%253A%2BA%2BBiography%26pg%3DPA421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelamotte2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Delamotte, Isabelle (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XrJKckiZl3AC&q=royan+Emile+Zola+Trois+%C3%A9t%C3%A9s+%C3%A0+Royan+de+Monique+Chartier&pg=PT90"><i>Le Roman de Jeanne : à l'ombre de Zola</i></a> [<i>The Novel of Jeanne: in Zola’s Shadow</i>] (in French). France: Place des éditeurs. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2714447425" title="Special:BookSources/978-2714447425"><bdi>978-2714447425</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Roman+de+Jeanne+%3A+%C3%A0+l%27ombre+de+Zola&rft.place=France&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Place+des+%C3%A9diteurs&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-2714447425&rft.aulast=Delamotte&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXrJKckiZl3AC%26q%3Droyan%2BEmile%2BZola%2BTrois%2B%25C3%25A9t%25C3%25A9s%2B%25C3%25A0%2BRoyan%2Bde%2BMonique%2BChartier%26pg%3DPT90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royan&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Royan" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Royan">Royan</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-royan.fr/">Official website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ot-royan.fr/">Tourist office website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royan-infos.com/">Royan information</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdVJqigGFvY">Vidéorama touristique sur Royan</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/CharenteMaritimeFlag.svg/35px-CharenteMaritimeFlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/CharenteMaritimeFlag.svg/45px-CharenteMaritimeFlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Charente-Maritime_department" title="Communes of the Charente-Maritime department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a> department</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudelle" title="Agudelle">Agudelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigrefeuille-d%27Aunis" title="Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis">Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allas-Bocage" title="Allas-Bocage">Allas-Bocage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allas-Champagne" title="Allas-Champagne">Allas-Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anais,_Charente-Maritime" title="Anais, Charente-Maritime">Anais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andilly,_Charente-Maritime" title="Andilly, Charente-Maritime">Andilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angliers,_Charente-Maritime" title="Angliers, Charente-Maritime">Angliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angoulins" title="Angoulins">Angoulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annepont" title="Annepont">Annepont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annezay" title="Annezay">Annezay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antezant-la-Chapelle" title="Antezant-la-Chapelle">Antezant-la-Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arces" title="Arces">Arces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archiac" title="Archiac">Archiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archingeay" title="Archingeay">Archingeay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardilli%C3%A8res" title="Ardillières">Ardillières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars-en-R%C3%A9" title="Ars-en-Ré">Ars-en-Ré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthenac" title="Arthenac">Arthenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvert" title="Arvert">Arvert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asni%C3%A8res-la-Giraud" title="Asnières-la-Giraud">Asnières-la-Giraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aujac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Aujac, Charente-Maritime">Aujac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulnay,_Charente-Maritime" title="Aulnay, Charente-Maritime">Aulnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aumagne" title="Aumagne">Aumagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authon-%C3%89b%C3%A9on" title="Authon-Ébéon">Authon-Ébéon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avy,_Charente-Maritime" title="Avy, Charente-Maritime">Avy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aytr%C3%A9" title="Aytré">Aytré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagnizeau" title="Bagnizeau">Bagnizeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanzac" title="Balanzac">Balanzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballans" title="Ballans">Ballans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballon,_Charente-Maritime" title="Ballon, Charente-Maritime">Ballon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Barde" title="La Barde">La Barde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barzan,_Charente-Maritime" title="Barzan, Charente-Maritime">Barzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazauges" title="Bazauges">Bazauges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaugeay" title="Beaugeay">Beaugeay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvais-sur-Matha" title="Beauvais-sur-Matha">Beauvais-sur-Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedenac" title="Bedenac">Bedenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belluire" title="Belluire">Belluire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benon" title="Benon">Benon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bercloux" title="Bercloux">Bercloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernay-Saint-Martin" title="Bernay-Saint-Martin">Bernay-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berneuil,_Charente-Maritime" title="Berneuil, Charente-Maritime">Berneuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurlay" title="Beurlay">Beurlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bignay,_Charente-Maritime" title="Bignay, Charente-Maritime">Bignay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biron,_Charente-Maritime" title="Biron, Charente-Maritime">Biron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanzac-l%C3%A8s-Matha" title="Blanzac-lès-Matha">Blanzac-lès-Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanzay-sur-Boutonne" title="Blanzay-sur-Boutonne">Blanzay-sur-Boutonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois,_Charente-Maritime" title="Bois, Charente-Maritime">Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bois-Plage-en-R%C3%A9" title="Le Bois-Plage-en-Ré">Le Bois-Plage-en-Ré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boisredon" title="Boisredon">Boisredon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bords" title="Bords">Bords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boresse-et-Martron" title="Boresse-et-Martron">Boresse-et-Martron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boscamnant" title="Boscamnant">Boscamnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougneau" title="Bougneau">Bougneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouhet" title="Bouhet">Bouhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourcefranc-le-Chapus" title="Bourcefranc-le-Chapus">Bourcefranc-le-Chapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgneuf,_Charente-Maritime" title="Bourgneuf, Charente-Maritime">Bourgneuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutenac-Touvent" title="Boutenac-Touvent">Boutenac-Touvent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bran,_Charente-Maritime" title="Bran, Charente-Maritime">Bran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Br%C3%A9e-les-Bains" title="La Brée-les-Bains">La Brée-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bresdon" title="Bresdon">Bresdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breuil-la-R%C3%A9orte" title="Breuil-la-Réorte">Breuil-la-Réorte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breuillet,_Charente-Maritime" title="Breuillet, Charente-Maritime">Breuillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breuil-Magn%C3%A9" title="Breuil-Magné">Breuil-Magné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brie-sous-Archiac" title="Brie-sous-Archiac">Brie-sous-Archiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brie-sous-Matha" title="Brie-sous-Matha">Brie-sous-Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brie-sous-Mortagne" title="Brie-sous-Mortagne">Brie-sous-Mortagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brives-sur-Charente" title="Brives-sur-Charente">Brives-sur-Charente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brizambourg" title="Brizambourg">Brizambourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Brousse" title="La Brousse">La Brousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burie" title="Burie">Burie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bussac-For%C3%AAt" title="Bussac-Forêt">Bussac-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bussac-sur-Charente" title="Bussac-sur-Charente">Bussac-sur-Charente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabariot" title="Cabariot">Cabariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celles,_Charente-Maritime" title="Celles, Charente-Maritime">Celles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercoux" title="Cercoux">Cercoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadenac" title="Chadenac">Chadenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaillevette" title="Chaillevette">Chaillevette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambon,_Charente-Maritime" title="Chambon, Charente-Maritime">Chambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamouillac" title="Chamouillac">Chamouillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagnac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Champagnac, Charente-Maritime">Champagnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne,_Charente-Maritime" title="Champagne, Charente-Maritime">Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagnolles" title="Champagnolles">Champagnolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champdolent" title="Champdolent">Champdolent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaniers" title="Chaniers">Chaniers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantemerle-sur-la-Soie" title="Chantemerle-sur-la-Soie">Chantemerle-sur-la-Soie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-des-Pots" title="La Chapelle-des-Pots">La Chapelle-des-Pots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charron,_Charente-Maritime" title="Charron, Charente-Maritime">Charron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartuzac" title="Chartuzac">Chartuzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Ch%C3%A2teau-d%27Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Le Château-d'Oléron">Le Château-d'Oléron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telaillon-Plage" title="Châtelaillon-Plage">Châtelaillon-Plage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatenet" title="Chatenet">Chatenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaunac" title="Chaunac">Chaunac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chay" title="Le Chay">Le Chay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenac-Saint-Seurin-d%27Uzet" title="Chenac-Saint-Seurin-d'Uzet">Chenac-Saint-Seurin-d'Uzet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepniers" title="Chepniers">Chepniers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9rac" title="Chérac">Chérac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherbonni%C3%A8res" title="Cherbonnières">Cherbonnières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chermignac" title="Chermignac">Chermignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevanceaux" title="Chevanceaux">Chevanceaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chives,_Charente-Maritime" title="Chives, Charente-Maritime">Chives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cierzac" title="Cierzac">Cierzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cir%C3%A9-d%27Aunis" title="Ciré-d'Aunis">Ciré-d'Aunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clam,_Charente-Maritime" title="Clam, Charente-Maritime">Clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavette" title="Clavette">Clavette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9rac" title="Clérac">Clérac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clion,_Charente-Maritime" title="Clion, Charente-Maritime">Clion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Clisse" title="La Clisse">La Clisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Clotte" title="La Clotte">La Clotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coivert" title="Coivert">Coivert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombiers,_Charente-Maritime" title="Colombiers, Charente-Maritime">Colombiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consac" title="Consac">Consac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contr%C3%A9" title="Contré">Contré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corignac" title="Corignac">Corignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corme-%C3%89cluse" title="Corme-Écluse">Corme-Écluse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corme-Royal" title="Corme-Royal">Corme-Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Couarde-sur-Mer" title="La Couarde-sur-Mer">La Couarde-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulonges,_Charente-Maritime" title="Coulonges, Charente-Maritime">Coulonges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courant,_Charente-Maritime" title="Courant, Charente-Maritime">Courant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcelles,_Charente-Maritime" title="Courcelles, Charente-Maritime">Courcelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcerac" title="Courcerac">Courcerac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cour%C3%A7on" title="Courçon">Courçon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcoury" title="Courcoury">Courcoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courpignac" title="Courpignac">Courpignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coux,_Charente-Maritime" title="Coux, Charente-Maritime">Coux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozes" title="Cozes">Cozes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cram-Chaban" title="Cram-Chaban">Cram-Chaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cravans" title="Cravans">Cravans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazannes" title="Crazannes">Crazannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cress%C3%A9" title="Cressé">Cressé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croix-Chapeau" title="Croix-Chapeau">Croix-Chapeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Croix-Comtesse" title="La Croix-Comtesse">La Croix-Comtesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampierre-sur-Boutonne" title="Dampierre-sur-Boutonne">Dampierre-sur-Boutonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Devise" title="La Devise">La Devise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%93uil-sur-le-Mignon" title="Dœuil-sur-le-Mignon">Dœuil-sur-le-Mignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolus-d%27Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Dolus-d'Oléron">Dolus-d'Oléron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dompierre-sur-Charente" title="Dompierre-sur-Charente">Dompierre-sur-Charente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dompierre-sur-Mer" title="Dompierre-sur-Mer">Dompierre-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Douhet" title="Le Douhet">Le Douhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89chebrune" title="Échebrune">Échebrune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89chillais" title="Échillais">Échillais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89coyeux" title="Écoyeux">Écoyeux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89curat" title="Écurat">Écurat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89duts" title="Les Éduts">Les Éduts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89glises-d%27Argenteuil" title="Les Églises-d'Argenteuil">Les Églises-d'Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89guille" title="L'Éguille">L'Éguille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pargnes" title="Épargnes">Épargnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esnandes" title="Esnandes">Esnandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Essards,_Charente-Maritime" title="Les Essards, Charente-Maritime">Les Essards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essouvert" title="Essouvert">Essouvert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89taules,_Charente-Maritime" title="Étaules, Charente-Maritime">Étaules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expiremont" title="Expiremont">Expiremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenioux,_Charente-Maritime" title="Fenioux, Charente-Maritime">Fenioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferri%C3%A8res,_Charente-Maritime" title="Ferrières, Charente-Maritime">Ferrières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9ac-sur-Seugne" title="Fléac-sur-Seugne">Fléac-sur-Seugne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floirac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Floirac, Charente-Maritime">Floirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Flotte" title="La Flotte">La Flotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-Chalendray" title="Fontaine-Chalendray">Fontaine-Chalendray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaines-d%27Ozillac" title="Fontaines-d'Ozillac">Fontaines-d'Ozillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontcouverte,_Charente-Maritime" title="Fontcouverte, Charente-Maritime">Fontcouverte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontenet" title="Fontenet">Fontenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forges,_Charente-Maritime" title="Forges, Charente-Maritime">Forges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Fouilloux" title="Le Fouilloux">Le Fouilloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouras" title="Fouras">Fouras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geay,_Charente-Maritime" title="Geay, Charente-Maritime">Geay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9mozac" title="Gémozac">Gémozac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Gen%C3%A9touze,_Charente-Maritime" title="La Genétouze, Charente-Maritime">La Genétouze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genouill%C3%A9,_Charente-Maritime" title="Genouillé, Charente-Maritime">Genouillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germignac" title="Germignac">Germignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibourne" title="Gibourne">Gibourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Gicq" title="Le Gicq">Le Gicq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givrezac" title="Givrezac">Givrezac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Gonds" title="Les Gonds">Les Gonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gourvillette" title="Gourvillette">Gourvillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandjean,_Charente-Maritime" title="Grandjean, Charente-Maritime">Grandjean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Grand-Village-Plage" title="Le Grand-Village-Plage">Le Grand-Village-Plage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Gr%C3%A8ve-sur-Mignon" title="La Grève-sur-Mignon">La Grève-sur-Mignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9zac" title="Grézac">Grézac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Gripperie-Saint-Symphorien" title="La Gripperie-Saint-Symphorien">La Gripperie-Saint-Symphorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Gua,_Charente-Maritime" title="Le Gua, Charente-Maritime">Le Gua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Gu%C3%A9-d%27Aller%C3%A9" title="Le Gué-d'Alleré">Le Gué-d'Alleré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitini%C3%A8res" title="Guitinières">Guitinières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimps" title="Haimps">Haimps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Houmeau" title="L'Houmeau">L'Houmeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-d%27Aix" title="Île-d'Aix">Île-d'Aix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jard" title="La Jard">La Jard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarnac-Champagne" title="Jarnac-Champagne">Jarnac-Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jarne" title="La Jarne">La Jarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jarrie" title="La Jarrie">La Jarrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jarrie-Audouin" title="La Jarrie-Audouin">La Jarrie-Audouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazennes" title="Jazennes">Jazennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonzac" title="Jonzac">Jonzac</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juicq" title="Juicq">Juicq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jussas" title="Jussas">Jussas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagord" title="Lagord">Lagord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Laigne" title="La Laigne">La Laigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landes,_Charente-Maritime" title="Landes, Charente-Maritime">Landes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landrais" title="Landrais">Landrais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9oville" title="Léoville">Léoville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loire-les-Marais" title="Loire-les-Marais">Loire-les-Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loir%C3%A9-sur-Nie" title="Loiré-sur-Nie">Loiré-sur-Nie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loix" title="Loix">Loix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long%C3%A8ves,_Charente-Maritime" title="Longèves, Charente-Maritime">Longèves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonzac" title="Lonzac">Lonzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorignac" title="Lorignac">Lorignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loulay" title="Loulay">Loulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louzignac" title="Louzignac">Louzignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozay" title="Lozay">Lozay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchat" title="Luchat">Luchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lussac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Lussac, Charente-Maritime">Lussac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lussant" title="Lussant">Lussant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macqueville" title="Macqueville">Macqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marans,_Charente-Maritime" title="Marans, Charente-Maritime">Marans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marennes-Hiers-Brouage" title="Marennes-Hiers-Brouage">Marennes-Hiers-Brouage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marignac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Marignac, Charente-Maritime">Marignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsais" title="Marsais">Marsais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilly,_Charente-Maritime" title="Marsilly, Charente-Maritime">Marsilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Massac, Charente-Maritime">Massac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha,_Charente-Maritime" title="Matha, Charente-Maritime">Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Mathes" title="Les Mathes">Les Mathes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazeray" title="Mazeray">Mazeray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazerolles,_Charente-Maritime" title="Mazerolles, Charente-Maritime">Mazerolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9dis" title="Médis">Médis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rignac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Mérignac, Charente-Maritime">Mérignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meschers-sur-Gironde" title="Meschers-sur-Gironde">Meschers-sur-Gironde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Messac, Charente-Maritime">Messac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meursac" title="Meursac">Meursac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meux,_Charente-Maritime" title="Meux, Charente-Maritime">Meux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migr%C3%A9" title="Migré">Migré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migron,_Charente-Maritime" title="Migron, Charente-Maritime">Migron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirambeau,_Charente-Maritime" title="Mirambeau, Charente-Maritime">Mirambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%ABze" title="Moëze">Moëze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mons,_Charente-Maritime" title="Mons, Charente-Maritime">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montendre" title="Montendre">Montendre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montguyon" title="Montguyon">Montguyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montils" title="Montils">Montils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montlieu-la-Garde" title="Montlieu-la-Garde">Montlieu-la-Garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier-de-M%C3%A9dillan" title="Montpellier-de-Médillan">Montpellier-de-Médillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montroy,_Charente-Maritime" title="Montroy, Charente-Maritime">Montroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moragne" title="Moragne">Moragne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mornac-sur-Seudre" title="Mornac-sur-Seudre">Mornac-sur-Seudre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortagne-sur-Gironde" title="Mortagne-sur-Gironde">Mortagne-sur-Gironde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortiers,_Charente-Maritime" title="Mortiers, Charente-Maritime">Mortiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosnac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Mosnac, Charente-Maritime">Mosnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mung" title="Le Mung">Le Mung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muron" title="Muron">Muron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachamps" title="Nachamps">Nachamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancras" title="Nancras">Nancras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantill%C3%A9" title="Nantillé">Nantillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Néré">Néré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuillac" title="Neuillac">Neuillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neulles" title="Neulles">Neulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuvicq" title="Neuvicq">Neuvicq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuvicq-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Neuvicq-le-Château">Neuvicq-le-Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieul-l%C3%A8s-Saintes" title="Nieul-lès-Saintes">Nieul-lès-Saintes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieulle-sur-Seudre" title="Nieulle-sur-Seudre">Nieulle-sur-Seudre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieul-le-Virouil" title="Nieul-le-Virouil">Nieul-le-Virouil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieul-sur-Mer" title="Nieul-sur-Mer">Nieul-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Nouillers" title="Les Nouillers">Les Nouillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuaill%C3%A9-d%27Aunis" title="Nuaillé-d'Aunis">Nuaillé-d'Aunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuaill%C3%A9-sur-Boutonne" title="Nuaillé-sur-Boutonne">Nuaillé-sur-Boutonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orignolles" title="Orignolles">Orignolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozillac" title="Ozillac">Ozillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paill%C3%A9" title="Paillé">Paillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rignac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Pérignac, Charente-Maritime">Pérignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigny,_Charente-Maritime" title="Périgny, Charente-Maritime">Périgny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pessines" title="Pessines">Pessines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pin,_Charente-Maritime" title="Le Pin, Charente-Maritime">Le Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisany" title="Pisany">Pisany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plassac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Plassac, Charente-Maritime">Plassac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plassay" title="Plassay">Plassay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polignac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Polignac, Charente-Maritime">Polignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommiers-Moulons" title="Pommiers-Moulons">Pommiers-Moulons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pons,_Charente-Maritime" title="Pons, Charente-Maritime">Pons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-l%27Abb%C3%A9-d%27Arnoult" title="Pont-l'Abbé-d'Arnoult">Pont-l'Abbé-d'Arnoult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-d%27Envaux" title="Port-d'Envaux">Port-d'Envaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-des-Barques" title="Port-des-Barques">Port-des-Barques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Portes-en-R%C3%A9" title="Les Portes-en-Ré">Les Portes-en-Ré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pouillac" title="Pouillac">Pouillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poursay-Garnaud" title="Poursay-Garnaud">Poursay-Garnaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9guillac" title="Préguillac">Préguillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prignac" title="Prignac">Prignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puilboreau" title="Puilboreau">Puilboreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puy-du-Lac" title="Puy-du-Lac">Puy-du-Lac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyravault,_Charente-Maritime" title="Puyravault, Charente-Maritime">Puyravault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyrolland" title="Puyrolland">Puyrolland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9aux-sur-Tr%C3%A8fle" title="Réaux-sur-Trèfle">Réaux-sur-Trèfle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9taud" title="Rétaud">Rétaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rioux" title="Rioux">Rioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivedoux-Plage" title="Rivedoux-Plage">Rivedoux-Plage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochefort,_Charente-Maritime" title="Rochefort, Charente-Maritime">Rochefort</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romazi%C3%A8res" title="Romazières">Romazières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romegoux" title="Romegoux">Romegoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ronde,_Charente-Maritime" title="La Ronde, Charente-Maritime">La Ronde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouffiac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Rouffiac, Charente-Maritime">Rouffiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouffignac" title="Rouffignac">Rouffignac</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sablonceaux" title="Sablonceaux">Sablonceaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Agnant,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Agnant, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Agnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aigulin" title="Saint-Aigulin">Saint-Aigulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-de-Lidon" title="Saint-André-de-Lidon">Saint-André-de-Lidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Augustin,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Augustin, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Augustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Bonnet-sur-Gironde" title="Saint-Bonnet-sur-Gironde">Saint-Bonnet-sur-Gironde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Bris-des-Bois" title="Saint-Bris-des-Bois">Saint-Bris-des-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-C%C3%A9saire" title="Saint-Césaire">Saint-Césaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Christophe,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Christophe, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Christophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ciers-Champagne" title="Saint-Ciers-Champagne">Saint-Ciers-Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ciers-du-Taillon" title="Saint-Ciers-du-Taillon">Saint-Ciers-du-Taillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cl%C3%A9ment-des-Baleines" title="Saint-Clément-des-Baleines">Saint-Clément-des-Baleines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Coutant-le-Grand" title="Saint-Coutant-le-Grand">Saint-Coutant-le-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cr%C3%A9pin,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Crépin, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Crépin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cyr-du-Doret" title="Saint-Cyr-du-Doret">Saint-Cyr-du-Doret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-d%27Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Saint-Denis-d'Oléron">Saint-Denis-d'Oléron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Dizant-du-Bois" title="Saint-Dizant-du-Bois">Saint-Dizant-du-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Dizant-du-Gua" title="Saint-Dizant-du-Gua">Saint-Dizant-du-Gua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Colombe,_Charente-Maritime" title="Sainte-Colombe, Charente-Maritime">Sainte-Colombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Gemme,_Charente-Maritime" title="Sainte-Gemme, Charente-Maritime">Sainte-Gemme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Lheurine" title="Sainte-Lheurine">Sainte-Lheurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie-de-R%C3%A9" title="Sainte-Marie-de-Ré">Sainte-Marie-de-Ré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-M%C3%AAme" title="Sainte-Même">Sainte-Même</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Radegonde,_Charente-Maritime" title="Sainte-Radegonde, Charente-Maritime">Sainte-Radegonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Ram%C3%A9e" title="Sainte-Ramée">Sainte-Ramée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saintes,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saintes, Charente-Maritime">Saintes</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Soulle" title="Sainte-Soulle">Sainte-Soulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Eug%C3%A8ne,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Eugène, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Eugène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-F%C3%A9lix,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Félix, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Félix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Fort-sur-Gironde" title="Saint-Fort-sur-Gironde">Saint-Fort-sur-Gironde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Froult" title="Saint-Froult">Saint-Froult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Genis-de-Saintonge" title="Saint-Genis-de-Saintonge">Saint-Genis-de-Saintonge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-Antignac" title="Saint-Georges-Antignac">Saint-Georges-Antignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-de-Didonne" title="Saint-Georges-de-Didonne">Saint-Georges-de-Didonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-de-Longuepierre" title="Saint-Georges-de-Longuepierre">Saint-Georges-de-Longuepierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-des-Ago%C3%BBts" title="Saint-Georges-des-Agoûts">Saint-Georges-des-Agoûts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-des-Coteaux" title="Saint-Georges-des-Coteaux">Saint-Georges-des-Coteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-d%27Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Saint-Georges-d'Oléron">Saint-Georges-d'Oléron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-du-Bois,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Georges-du-Bois, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Georges-du-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan" title="Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan">Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-de-Vibrac" title="Saint-Germain-de-Vibrac">Saint-Germain-de-Vibrac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-du-Seudre" title="Saint-Germain-du-Seudre">Saint-Germain-du-Seudre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gr%C3%A9goire-d%27Ardennes" title="Saint-Grégoire-d'Ardennes">Saint-Grégoire-d'Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-de-Villefranche" title="Saint-Hilaire-de-Villefranche">Saint-Hilaire-de-Villefranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-du-Bois,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Hilaire-du-Bois, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Hilaire-du-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hippolyte,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Hippolyte, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Hippolyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-d%27Ang%C3%A9ly" title="Saint-Jean-d'Angély">Saint-Jean-d'Angély</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-d%27Angle" title="Saint-Jean-d'Angle">Saint-Jean-d'Angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Liversay" title="Saint-Jean-de-Liversay">Saint-Jean-de-Liversay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Julien-de-l%27Escap" title="Saint-Julien-de-l'Escap">Saint-Julien-de-l'Escap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Just-Luzac" title="Saint-Just-Luzac">Saint-Just-Luzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-de-la-Pr%C3%A9e" title="Saint-Laurent-de-la-Prée">Saint-Laurent-de-la-Prée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%A9ger,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Léger, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Léger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Loup,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Loup, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Loup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maigrin" title="Saint-Maigrin">Saint-Maigrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mand%C3%A9-sur-Br%C3%A9doire" title="Saint-Mandé-sur-Brédoire">Saint-Mandé-sur-Brédoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mard,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Mard, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Mard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martial,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Martial, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Martial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martial-de-Mirambeau" title="Saint-Martial-de-Mirambeau">Saint-Martial-de-Mirambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martial-de-Vitaterne" title="Saint-Martial-de-Vitaterne">Saint-Martial-de-Vitaterne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martial-sur-N%C3%A9" title="Saint-Martial-sur-Né">Saint-Martial-sur-Né</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27Ary" title="Saint-Martin-d'Ary">Saint-Martin-d'Ary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Coux" title="Saint-Martin-de-Coux">Saint-Martin-de-Coux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Juillers" title="Saint-Martin-de-Juillers">Saint-Martin-de-Juillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-R%C3%A9" title="Saint-Martin-de-Ré">Saint-Martin-de-Ré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-M%C3%A9dard,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Médard, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Médard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-M%C3%A9dard-d%27Aunis" title="Saint-Médard-d'Aunis">Saint-Médard-d'Aunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire-sur-Charente" title="Saint-Nazaire-sur-Charente">Saint-Nazaire-sur-Charente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ouen-d%27Aunis" title="Saint-Ouen-d'Aunis">Saint-Ouen-d'Aunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ouen-la-Th%C3%A8ne" title="Saint-Ouen-la-Thène">Saint-Ouen-la-Thène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Palais-de-N%C3%A9grignac" title="Saint-Palais-de-Négrignac">Saint-Palais-de-Négrignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Palais-de-Phiolin" title="Saint-Palais-de-Phiolin">Saint-Palais-de-Phiolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Palais-sur-Mer" title="Saint-Palais-sur-Mer">Saint-Palais-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pardoult" title="Saint-Pardoult">Saint-Pardoult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-d%27Amilly" title="Saint-Pierre-d'Amilly">Saint-Pierre-d'Amilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-Juillers" title="Saint-Pierre-de-Juillers">Saint-Pierre-de-Juillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-l%27Isle" title="Saint-Pierre-de-l'Isle">Saint-Pierre-de-l'Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-d%27Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Saint-Pierre-d'Oléron">Saint-Pierre-d'Oléron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-du-Palais" title="Saint-Pierre-du-Palais">Saint-Pierre-du-Palais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-la-Noue" title="Saint-Pierre-la-Noue">Saint-Pierre-la-Noue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Porchaire" title="Saint-Porchaire">Saint-Porchaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quantin-de-Ran%C3%A7anne" title="Saint-Quantin-de-Rançanne">Saint-Quantin-de-Rançanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Rogatien" title="Saint-Rogatien">Saint-Rogatien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Romain-de-Benet" title="Saint-Romain-de-Benet">Saint-Romain-de-Benet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Saturnin-du-Bois" title="Saint-Saturnin-du-Bois">Saint-Saturnin-du-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sauvant,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Sauvant, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Sauvant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sauveur-d%27Aunis" title="Saint-Sauveur-d'Aunis">Saint-Sauveur-d'Aunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Savinien" title="Saint-Savinien">Saint-Savinien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Seurin-de-Palenne" title="Saint-Seurin-de-Palenne">Saint-Seurin-de-Palenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sever-de-Saintonge" title="Saint-Sever-de-Saintonge">Saint-Sever-de-Saintonge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-S%C3%A9verin-sur-Boutonne" title="Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne">Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sigismond-de-Clermont" title="Saint-Sigismond-de-Clermont">Saint-Sigismond-de-Clermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Simon-de-Bordes" title="Saint-Simon-de-Bordes">Saint-Simon-de-Bordes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Simon-de-Pellouaille" title="Saint-Simon-de-Pellouaille">Saint-Simon-de-Pellouaille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sorlin-de-Conac" title="Saint-Sorlin-de-Conac">Saint-Sorlin-de-Conac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sornin,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Sornin, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Sornin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice-d%27Arnoult" title="Saint-Sulpice-d'Arnoult">Saint-Sulpice-d'Arnoult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice-de-Royan" title="Saint-Sulpice-de-Royan">Saint-Sulpice-de-Royan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Thomas-de-Conac" title="Saint-Thomas-de-Conac">Saint-Thomas-de-Conac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Trojan-les-Bains" title="Saint-Trojan-les-Bains">Saint-Trojan-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vaize" title="Saint-Vaize">Saint-Vaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vivien,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Vivien, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Vivien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Xandre" title="Saint-Xandre">Saint-Xandre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleignes" title="Saleignes">Saleignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salignac-de-Mirambeau" title="Salignac-de-Mirambeau">Salignac-de-Mirambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salignac-sur-Charente" title="Salignac-sur-Charente">Salignac-sur-Charente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salles-sur-Mer" title="Salles-sur-Mer">Salles-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saujon" title="Saujon">Saujon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seign%C3%A9" title="Seigné">Seigné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semillac" title="Semillac">Semillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semoussac" title="Semoussac">Semoussac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semussac" title="Semussac">Semussac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Seure" title="Le Seure">Le Seure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siecq" title="Siecq">Siecq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonnac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Sonnac, Charente-Maritime">Sonnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soubise,_Charente-Maritime" title="Soubise, Charente-Maritime">Soubise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soubran" title="Soubran">Soubran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulignonne" title="Soulignonne">Soulignonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soum%C3%A9ras" title="Souméras">Souméras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sousmoulins" title="Sousmoulins">Sousmoulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surg%C3%A8res" title="Surgères">Surgères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taillant" title="Taillant">Taillant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taillebourg,_Charente-Maritime" title="Taillebourg, Charente-Maritime">Taillebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmont-sur-Gironde" title="Talmont-sur-Gironde">Talmont-sur-Gironde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzac" title="Tanzac">Tanzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taugon" title="Taugon">Taugon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternant,_Charente-Maritime" title="Ternant, Charente-Maritime">Ternant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesson" title="Tesson">Tesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaims" title="Thaims">Thaims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thair%C3%A9" title="Thairé">Thairé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9nac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Thénac, Charente-Maritime">Thénac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9zac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Thézac, Charente-Maritime">Thézac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thors,_Charente-Maritime" title="Thors, Charente-Maritime">Thors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Thou" title="Le Thou">Le Thou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonnay-Boutonne" title="Tonnay-Boutonne">Tonnay-Boutonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonnay-Charente" title="Tonnay-Charente">Tonnay-Charente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torx%C3%A9" title="Torxé">Torxé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Touches-de-P%C3%A9rigny" title="Les Touches-de-Périgny">Les Touches-de-Périgny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Tremblade" title="La Tremblade">La Tremblade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trizay" title="Trizay">Trizay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug%C3%A9ras-Saint-Maurice" title="Tugéras-Saint-Maurice">Tugéras-Saint-Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Vall%C3%A9e,_Charente-Maritime" title="La Vallée, Charente-Maritime">La Vallée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanzac" title="Vanzac">Vanzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaize" title="Varaize">Varaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varzay" title="Varzay">Varzay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaux-sur-Mer" title="Vaux-sur-Mer">Vaux-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9n%C3%A9rand" title="Vénérand">Vénérand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergeroux" title="Vergeroux">Vergeroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Vergne,_Charente-Maritime" title="La Vergne, Charente-Maritime">La Vergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergn%C3%A9" title="Vergné">Vergné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9rines" title="Vérines">Vérines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vervant,_Charente-Maritime" title="Vervant, Charente-Maritime">Vervant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibrac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Vibrac, Charente-Maritime">Vibrac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villars-en-Pons" title="Villars-en-Pons">Villars-en-Pons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villars-les-Bois" title="Villars-les-Bois">Villars-les-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Villedieu,_Charente-Maritime" title="La Villedieu, Charente-Maritime">La Villedieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villedoux" title="Villedoux">Villedoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villemorin" title="Villemorin">Villemorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-la-Comtesse" title="Villeneuve-la-Comtesse">Villeneuve-la-Comtesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villexavier" title="Villexavier">Villexavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villiers-Couture" title="Villiers-Couture">Villiers-Couture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinax" title="Vinax">Vinax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virollet" title="Virollet">Virollet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virson" title="Virson">Virson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voissay" title="Voissay">Voissay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vouh%C3%A9,_Charente-Maritime" title="Vouhé, Charente-Maritime">Vouhé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves,_Charente-Maritime" title="Yves, Charente-Maritime">Yves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81909#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81909#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81909#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB49GvRYcyHY4vJKJpgKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4235666-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82117013">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15249167r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15249167r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Royan (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge736371&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557553605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/59f18686-a4f2-4b85-8626-b9a32709f6cc">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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