CIELAB color space

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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perceptual_differences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perceptual_differences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Perceptual differences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perceptual_differences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RGB_and_CMYK_conversions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RGB_and_CMYK_conversions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>RGB and CMYK conversions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RGB_and_CMYK_conversions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Range_of_coordinates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Range_of_coordinates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Range of coordinates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Range_of_coordinates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Advantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Converting_between_CIELAB_and_CIEXYZ_coordinates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Converting_between_CIELAB_and_CIEXYZ_coordinates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Converting between CIELAB and CIEXYZ coordinates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Converting_between_CIELAB_and_CIEXYZ_coordinates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Converting between CIELAB and CIEXYZ coordinates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Converting_between_CIELAB_and_CIEXYZ_coordinates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-From_CIEXYZ_to_CIELAB" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_CIEXYZ_to_CIELAB"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>From CIEXYZ to CIELAB</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_CIEXYZ_to_CIELAB-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_CIELAB_to_CIEXYZ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_CIELAB_to_CIEXYZ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>From CIELAB to CIEXYZ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_CIELAB_to_CIEXYZ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cylindrical_model" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cylindrical_model"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cylindrical model</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cylindrical_model-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_related_color_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_related_color_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other related color spaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_related_color_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hunter_Lab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hunter_Lab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Hunter Lab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hunter_Lab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B6_%D8%A3_%D8%A8" title="الفضاء اللوني ض أ ب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفضاء اللوني ض أ ب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espai_de_color_LAB" title="Espai de color LAB – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espai de color LAB" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lab" title="Lab – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lab" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lab-Farbraum" title="Lab-Farbraum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lab-Farbraum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espacio_de_color_Lab" title="Espacio de color Lab – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Espacio de color Lab" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lab" title="Lab – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lab" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="مدل رنگ ال‌ای‌بی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدل رنگ ال‌ای‌بی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L*a*b*_CIE_1976" title="L*a*b* CIE 1976 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="L*a*b* CIE 1976" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIELAB_%EC%83%89_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B0%84" title="CIELAB 색 공간 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="CIELAB 색 공간" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spazio_colore_Lab" title="Spazio colore Lab – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spazio colore Lab" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIELAB" title="CIELAB – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="CIELAB" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lab%E8%89%B2%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="Lab色空間 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Lab色空間" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIE_L*a*b*" title="CIE L*a*b* – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="CIE L*a*b*" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIELab" title="CIELab – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="CIELab" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAB" title="LAB – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="LAB" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIELAB" title="CIELAB – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="CIELAB" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIELAB" title="CIELAB – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="CIELAB" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lab" title="Lab – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Lab" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lab%E8%89%B2%E5%BD%A9%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="Lab色彩模式 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Lab色彩模式" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIELAB%E8%89%B2%E5%BD%A9%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="CIELAB色彩空间 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="CIELAB色彩空间" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q375414#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CIELAB_color_space" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Standard color space with color-opponent values</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Technical plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-technical" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may be too technical for most readers to understand</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit">help improve it</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">make it understandable to non-experts</a>, without removing the technical details.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CIELAB_color_space_top_view.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/CIELAB_color_space_top_view.png/220px-CIELAB_color_space_top_view.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/CIELAB_color_space_top_view.png/330px-CIELAB_color_space_top_view.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/CIELAB_color_space_top_view.png/440px-CIELAB_color_space_top_view.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="965" /></a><figcaption>CIELAB color space top view</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CIELAB_color_space_front_view.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/CIELAB_color_space_front_view.png/220px-CIELAB_color_space_front_view.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/CIELAB_color_space_front_view.png/330px-CIELAB_color_space_front_view.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/CIELAB_color_space_front_view.png/440px-CIELAB_color_space_front_view.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>CIELAB color space front view</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lab_color_space.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lab_color_space.png/220px-Lab_color_space.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="660" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lab_color_space.png/330px-Lab_color_space.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lab_color_space.png/440px-Lab_color_space.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="1830" /></a><figcaption>The CIE 1976 (<i>L</i>*, <i>a</i>*, <i>b</i>*) color space (CIELAB), showing only colors that fit within the <a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a> gamut (and can therefore be displayed on a typical computer display). Each axis of each square ranges from −128 to 127.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>CIELAB color space</b>, also referred to as <i><b>L*a*b*</b></i>, is a <a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a> defined by the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">International Commission on Illumination</a> (abbreviated CIE) in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It expresses color as three values: <i>L*</i> for perceptual lightness and <i>a*</i> and <i>b*</i> for the four <a href="/wiki/Unique_hues" title="Unique hues">unique colors</a> of human vision: red, green, blue and yellow. CIELAB was intended as a <a href="/wiki/Perceptually_uniform" class="mw-redirect" title="Perceptually uniform">perceptually uniform</a> space, where a given numerical change corresponds to a similar perceived change in color. While the LAB space is not truly perceptually uniform, it nevertheless is useful in industry for detecting small differences in color. </p><p>Like the <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">CIEXYZ</a> space it derives from, CIELAB color space is a device-independent, "standard observer" model. The colors it defines are not relative to any particular device such as a computer monitor or a printer, but instead relate to the <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space#CIE_standard_observer" title="CIE 1931 color space">CIE standard observer</a> which is an averaging of the results of color matching experiments under laboratory conditions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coordinates">Coordinates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Coordinates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>Remove duplications.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/CIELAB_color_space" title="Special:EditPage/CIELAB color space">improve this section</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The CIELAB space is three-dimensional and covers the entire <a href="/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut">gamut</a> (range) of human color perception. It is based on the <a href="/wiki/Opponent_process" title="Opponent process">opponent model</a> of human vision, where red and green form an opponent pair and blue and yellow form an opponent pair. The lightness value, <i>L*</i> (pronounced "L star"), defines black at 0 and white at 100. The <i>a*</i> axis is relative to the green–red opponent colors, with negative values toward green and positive values toward red. The <i>b*</i> axis represents the blue–yellow opponents, with negative numbers toward blue and positive toward yellow. </p><p>The <i>a*</i> and <i>b*</i> axes are unbounded and depending on the reference white they can easily exceed ±150 to cover the human gamut. Nevertheless, software implementations often clamp these values for practical reasons. For instance, if integer math is being used it is common to clamp <i>a*</i> and <i>b*</i> in the range of −128 to 127. </p><p>CIELAB is calculated relative to a <a href="/wiki/Reference_white" class="mw-redirect" title="Reference white">reference white</a>, for which the CIE recommends the use of CIE <a href="/wiki/Standard_illuminant" title="Standard illuminant">Standard illuminant</a> <a href="/wiki/Illuminant_D65" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminant D65">D65</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D65 is used in the vast majority of industries and applications, with the notable exception being the <a href="/wiki/Printing_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Printing industry">printing industry</a> which uses D50. The <a href="/wiki/International_Color_Consortium" title="International Color Consortium">International Color Consortium</a> largely supports the printing industry and uses <a href="/w/index.php?title=Illuminant_D50&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illuminant D50 (page does not exist)">D50</a> with either CIEXYZ or CIELAB in the Profile Connection Space, for v2 and v4 <a href="/wiki/ICC_profiles" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC profiles">ICC profiles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ICC4_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICC4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the intention behind CIELAB was to create a space that was more perceptually uniform than CIEXYZ using only a simple formula,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CIELAB is known to lack <a href="/wiki/Color_difference#Tolerance" title="Color difference">perceptual uniformity</a>, particularly in the area of blue hues.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lightness value, <i>L*</i> in CIELAB is calculated using the cube root of the <a href="/wiki/Relative_luminance" title="Relative luminance">relative luminance</a> with an offset near black. This results in an <i>effective</i> power curve with an exponent of approximately 0.43 which represents the human eye's response to light under daylight (<a href="/wiki/Photopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photopic">photopic</a>) conditions. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_mesh.webm/150px-seek%3D0-SRGB_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_mesh.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" height="150" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="SRGB_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_mesh.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_mesh.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_mesh.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="512" data-height="512" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_mesh.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_mesh.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_mesh.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Visible_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/150px-seek%3D0-Visible_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" height="150" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="Visible_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Visible_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Visible_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="512" data-height="512" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Visible_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Visible_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Visible_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIELAB_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a> gamut (<i>left</i>) and visible gamut under D65 illumination (<i>right</i>) plotted within the CIELAB color space. <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> are the horizontal axes; <i>L</i> is the vertical axis.</div></div></div></div> <p>The three coordinates of CIELAB represent the lightness of the color (<i>L*</i> = 0 yields black and <i>L*</i> = 100 indicates white), its position between red and green (<i>a*</i>, where negative values indicate green and positive values indicate red) and its position between yellow and blue (<i>b*</i>, where negative values indicate blue and positive values indicate yellow). The asterisks (*) after <i>L*</i>, <i>a*,</i> and <i>b*</i> are pronounced <i>star</i> and are part of the full name to distinguish <i>L</i>*<i>a</i>*<i>b</i>* from Hunter's <i>Lab</i>, described below. </p><p>Since the <i>L*a*b*</i> model has three axes, it requires a three-dimensional space to be represented completely.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, because each axis is non-linear, it is not possible to create a two-dimensional chromaticity diagram. Additionally, the visual representations shown in the plots of the full CIELAB gamut on this page are an approximation, as it is impossible for a monitor to display the full gamut of LAB colors. </p><p>The green-red and blue-yellow opponent channels relate to the human vision system's opponent color process. This makes CIELAB a <a href="/wiki/Ewald_Hering" title="Ewald Hering">Hering</a> opponent color space. The nature of the transformations also characterizes it as an <a href="/wiki/Adams_chromatic_valence_color_space#Chromatic_value" title="Adams chromatic valence color space">chromatic value</a> color space. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perceptual_differences">Perceptual differences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Perceptual differences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Color_difference" title="Color difference">Color difference</a></div> <p>The nonlinear relations for <i>L*</i>, <i>a*</i> and <i>b*</i> are intended to mimic the nonlinear response of the visual system. Furthermore, uniform changes of components in the <i>L*a*b*</i> color space aim to correspond to uniform changes in perceived color, so the relative perceptual differences between any two colors in <i>L*a*b*</i> can be approximated by treating each color as a point in a three-dimensional space (with three components: <i>L*</i>, <i>a*</i>, <i>b*</i>) and taking the <a href="/wiki/Euclidean_distance" title="Euclidean distance">Euclidean distance</a> between them.<sup id="cite_ref-Jain89_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jain89-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RGB_and_CMYK_conversions">RGB and CMYK conversions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: RGB and CMYK conversions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to convert <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB</a> or <a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK</a> values to or from <i>L*a*b*</i>, the RGB or CMYK data must be linearized relative to light. The reference illuminant of the RGB or CMYK data must be known, as well as the RGB primary coordinates or the CMYK printer's reference data in the form of a color lookup table (CLUT). </p><p>In color managed systems, <a href="/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICC profiles</a> contains these needed data, which are then used to perform the conversions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Range_of_coordinates">Range of coordinates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Range of coordinates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As mentioned previously, the <i>L</i>* coordinate nominally ranges from 0 to 100. The range of <i>a</i>* and <i>b</i>* coordinates is technically unbounded, though it is commonly clamped to the range of −128 to 127 for use with integer code values, though this results in potentially clipping some colors depending on the size of the source color space. The gamut's large size and inefficient utilization of the coordinate space means the best practice is to use floating-point values for all three coordinates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advantages">Advantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Advantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike the <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB</a> and <a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK</a> color models, CIELAB is designed to approximate human vision. The <i>L*</i> component closely matches human perception of lightness, though it does not take the <a href="/wiki/Helmholtz%E2%80%93Kohlrausch_effect" title="Helmholtz–Kohlrausch effect">Helmholtz–Kohlrausch effect</a> into account. CIELAB is less uniform in the color axes, but is useful for predicting small differences in color. </p><p>The CIELAB coordinate space represents the entire <a href="/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut">gamut</a> of human photopic (daylight) vision and far exceeds the gamut for sRGB or CMYK. In an integer implementation such as TIFF, ICC or Photoshop, the large coordinate space results in substantial data inefficiency due to unused code values. Only about 35% of the available coordinate code values are inside the CIELAB gamut with an integer format.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Using CIELAB in an 8-bit per channel integer format typically results in significant quantization errors. Even 16-bit per channel can result in clipping, as the full gamut extends past the bounding coordinate space. Ideally, CIELAB should be used with floating-point data to minimize obvious quantization errors. </p><p>CIE standards and documents are copyright by the CIE and must be purchased; however, the formulas for CIELAB are available on the CIE website.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Converting_between_CIELAB_and_CIEXYZ_coordinates">Converting between CIELAB and CIEXYZ coordinates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Converting between CIELAB and CIEXYZ coordinates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_CIEXYZ_to_CIELAB">From CIEXYZ to CIELAB</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: From CIEXYZ to CIELAB"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}L^{\star }&=116\,f{{\bigl (}Y/Y_{\mathrm {n} }{\bigr )}}-16,\\[5mu]a^{\star }&=500{\bigl (}f(X/X_{\mathrm {n} })-f(Y/Y_{\mathrm {n} }){\bigr )}\\[5mu]b^{\star }&=200{\bigl (}f(Y/Y_{\mathrm {n} })-f(Z/Z_{\mathrm {n} }){\bigr )}\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="0.578em 0.578em 0.3em" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>116</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OPEN"> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">(</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-CLOSE"> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>16</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>500</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OPEN"> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">(</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-CLOSE"> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>200</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OPEN"> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">(</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-CLOSE"> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}L^{\star }&=116\,f{{\bigl (}Y/Y_{\mathrm {n} }{\bigr )}}-16,\\[5mu]a^{\star }&=500{\bigl (}f(X/X_{\mathrm {n} })-f(Y/Y_{\mathrm {n} }){\bigr )}\\[5mu]b^{\star }&=200{\bigl (}f(Y/Y_{\mathrm {n} })-f(Z/Z_{\mathrm {n} }){\bigr )}\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b1ab8e1ba543c6875c7b209476f70fadd48d163a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.171ex; width:32.766ex; height:11.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}L^{\star }&=116\,f{{\bigl (}Y/Y_{\mathrm {n} }{\bigr )}}-16,\\[5mu]a^{\star }&=500{\bigl (}f(X/X_{\mathrm {n} })-f(Y/Y_{\mathrm {n} }){\bigr )}\\[5mu]b^{\star }&=200{\bigl (}f(Y/Y_{\mathrm {n} })-f(Z/Z_{\mathrm {n} }){\bigr )}\end{aligned}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>where <i>t</i> is <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X/X_{\mathrm {n} },}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X/X_{\mathrm {n} },}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d7087b450ba1da93b79f40a3bccdd623f26095cb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.86ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X/X_{\mathrm {n} },}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y/Y_{\mathrm {n} },}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y/Y_{\mathrm {n} },}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f7765e6d7089c83d9e2426849727c57a5ae1da03" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.079ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y/Y_{\mathrm {n} },}"></span> or <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Z/Z_{\mathrm {n} }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Z/Z_{\mathrm {n} }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e6efc8ab068c1ffdfcc2b09b82a261e303733713" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.577ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Z/Z_{\mathrm {n} }}"></span>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}f(t)&={\begin{cases}{\sqrt[{3}]{t}}&{\text{if }}t>\delta ^{3}\\[4mu]{\tfrac {1}{3}}t\delta ^{-2}+{\tfrac {4}{29}}&{\text{otherwise}}\end{cases}}\\\delta &={\tfrac {6}{29}}\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing="0.422em 0.2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false"> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mroot> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </mroot> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>if </mtext> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>></mo> <msup> <mi>δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> <msup> <mi>δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mn>29</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>otherwise</mtext> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>δ</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>6</mn> <mn>29</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}f(t)&={\begin{cases}{\sqrt[{3}]{t}}&{\text{if }}t>\delta ^{3}\\[4mu]{\tfrac {1}{3}}t\delta ^{-2}+{\tfrac {4}{29}}&{\text{otherwise}}\end{cases}}\\\delta &={\tfrac {6}{29}}\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aad1d2c8f4c9d68d224d4dbdd46b0bd4057358ff" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.171ex; width:33.506ex; height:11.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}f(t)&={\begin{cases}{\sqrt[{3}]{t}}&{\text{if }}t>\delta ^{3}\\[4mu]{\tfrac {1}{3}}t\delta ^{-2}+{\tfrac {4}{29}}&{\text{otherwise}}\end{cases}}\\\delta &={\tfrac {6}{29}}\end{aligned}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">X</span>, <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">Y</span>, and <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">Z</span> describe the color stimulus considered and <span class="texhtml"><i>X</i><sub>n</sub></span>, <span class="texhtml"><i>Y</i><sub>n</sub></span>, <span class="texhtml"><i>Z</i><sub>n</sub></span> describe a specified white achromatic reference illuminant. for the CIE 1931 (2°) standard colorimetric observer and assuming normalization where the reference white has <span class="texhtml"><i>Y</i> = 100</span>, the values are: </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/Illuminant_D65" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminant D65">Standard Illuminant D65</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}X_{\mathrm {n} }&=95.0489,\\Y_{\mathrm {n} }&=100,\\Z_{\mathrm {n} }&=108.8840\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>95.0489</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>100</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>108.8840</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}X_{\mathrm {n} }&=95.0489,\\Y_{\mathrm {n} }&=100,\\Z_{\mathrm {n} }&=108.8840\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/145b672a2ad95d279d96ed614f16dc47a96d8035" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.838ex; width:15.704ex; height:8.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}X_{\mathrm {n} }&=95.0489,\\Y_{\mathrm {n} }&=100,\\Z_{\mathrm {n} }&=108.8840\end{aligned}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>For <a href="/wiki/Standard_illuminant#Illuminant_series_D" title="Standard illuminant">illuminant D50</a>, which is used in the printing industry: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}X_{\mathrm {n} }&=96.4212,\\Y_{\mathrm {n} }&=100,\\Z_{\mathrm {n} }&=82.5188\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>96.4212</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>100</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>82.5188</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}X_{\mathrm {n} }&=96.4212,\\Y_{\mathrm {n} }&=100,\\Z_{\mathrm {n} }&=82.5188\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4e7a46842bb2f15023f11ca6ba787619db6fbdeb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.838ex; width:15.189ex; height:8.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}X_{\mathrm {n} }&=96.4212,\\Y_{\mathrm {n} }&=100,\\Z_{\mathrm {n} }&=82.5188\end{aligned}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>The division of the domain of the <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">f</span> function into two parts was done to prevent an infinite slope at <span class="texhtml"><i>t</i> = 0</span>. The function <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">f</span> was assumed to be linear below some <span class="texhtml"><i>t</i> = <i>t</i><sub>0</sub></span> and was assumed to match the <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{3}]{t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mroot> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </mroot> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{3}]{t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f9fd62ad2781d2a017e6fc7f3ea4bc494a22d058" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.775ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{3}]{t}}}"></span> part of the function at <span class="texhtml"><i>t</i><sub>0</sub></span> in both value and slope. In other words: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\sqrt[{3}]{t_{0}}}&=mt_{0}+c&{\text{ (match in value)}}\\[3mu]{\tfrac {1}{3}}\left(t_{0}\right)^{-2/3}&=m&{\text{ (match in slope)}}\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="0.467em 0.3em" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mroot> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </mroot> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>c</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> (match in value)</mtext> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> (match in slope)</mtext> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\sqrt[{3}]{t_{0}}}&=mt_{0}+c&{\text{ (match in value)}}\\[3mu]{\tfrac {1}{3}}\left(t_{0}\right)^{-2/3}&=m&{\text{ (match in slope)}}\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3a4533febf64c603011068fe676e57985207ea15" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:42.795ex; height:7.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\sqrt[{3}]{t_{0}}}&=mt_{0}+c&{\text{ (match in value)}}\\[3mu]{\tfrac {1}{3}}\left(t_{0}\right)^{-2/3}&=m&{\text{ (match in slope)}}\end{aligned}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>The intercept <span class="texhtml"><i>f</i>(0) = <i>c</i></span> was chosen so that <span class="texhtml"><i>L</i>*</span> would be 0 for <span class="texhtml"><i>Y</i> = 0</span>: <span class="texhtml"><i>c</i> = <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214402035">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">16</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">116</span></span>⁠</span> = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">4</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">29</span></span>⁠</span></span>. The above two equations can be solved for <span class="texhtml"><i>m</i></span> and <span class="texhtml"><i>t</i><sub>0</sub></span>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}m&={\tfrac {1}{3}}\delta ^{-2}&=7.787037\ldots \\t_{0}&=\delta ^{3}&=0.008856\ldots \end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>m</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <msup> <mi>δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> <mn>7.787037</mn> <mo>…</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.008856</mn> <mo>…</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}m&={\tfrac {1}{3}}\delta ^{-2}&=7.787037\ldots \\t_{0}&=\delta ^{3}&=0.008856\ldots \end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0977febd4cfa3a7af9cb1143049ede7a64acee55" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:29.928ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}m&={\tfrac {1}{3}}\delta ^{-2}&=7.787037\ldots \\t_{0}&=\delta ^{3}&=0.008856\ldots \end{aligned}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>where <span class="texhtml"><i>δ</i> = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">6</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">29</span></span>⁠</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_CIELAB_to_CIEXYZ">From CIELAB to CIEXYZ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: From CIELAB to CIEXYZ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reverse transformation is most easily expressed using the inverse of the function <i>f</i> above: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}X&=X_{\mathrm {n} }f^{-1}\left({\frac {L^{\star }+16}{116}}+{\frac {a^{\star }}{500}}\right)\\Y&=Y_{\mathrm {n} }f^{-1}\left({\frac {L^{\star }+16}{116}}\right)\\Z&=Z_{\mathrm {n} }f^{-1}\left({\frac {L^{\star }+16}{116}}-{\frac {b^{\star }}{200}}\right)\\\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>X</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>16</mn> </mrow> <mn>116</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mn>500</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>Y</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>16</mn> </mrow> <mn>116</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>Z</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>16</mn> </mrow> <mn>116</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mn>200</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}X&=X_{\mathrm {n} }f^{-1}\left({\frac {L^{\star }+16}{116}}+{\frac {a^{\star }}{500}}\right)\\Y&=Y_{\mathrm {n} }f^{-1}\left({\frac {L^{\star }+16}{116}}\right)\\Z&=Z_{\mathrm {n} }f^{-1}\left({\frac {L^{\star }+16}{116}}-{\frac {b^{\star }}{200}}\right)\\\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7b8bec89d49f99c0ebae43df4e8f62093e3012cc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -8.671ex; width:32.164ex; height:18.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}X&=X_{\mathrm {n} }f^{-1}\left({\frac {L^{\star }+16}{116}}+{\frac {a^{\star }}{500}}\right)\\Y&=Y_{\mathrm {n} }f^{-1}\left({\frac {L^{\star }+16}{116}}\right)\\Z&=Z_{\mathrm {n} }f^{-1}\left({\frac {L^{\star }+16}{116}}-{\frac {b^{\star }}{200}}\right)\\\end{aligned}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>where </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f^{-1}(t)={\begin{cases}t^{3}&{\text{if }}t>\delta \\3\delta ^{2}\left(t-{\tfrac {4}{29}}\right)&{\text{otherwise}}\end{cases}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing=".2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false"> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>if </mtext> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>></mo> <mi>δ</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>3</mn> <msup> <mi>δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mn>29</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>otherwise</mtext> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f^{-1}(t)={\begin{cases}t^{3}&{\text{if }}t>\delta \\3\delta ^{2}\left(t-{\tfrac {4}{29}}\right)&{\text{otherwise}}\end{cases}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/49031bc59dcca0df071e32843ba4579b7ce88374" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:36.518ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f^{-1}(t)={\begin{cases}t^{3}&{\text{if }}t>\delta \\3\delta ^{2}\left(t-{\tfrac {4}{29}}\right)&{\text{otherwise}}\end{cases}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>and where <span class="texhtml"><i>δ</i> = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">6</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">29</span></span>⁠</span></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cylindrical_model">Cylindrical model</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cylindrical model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_mesh.webm/150px-seek%3D0-SRGB_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_mesh.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" height="150" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="SRGB_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_mesh.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_mesh.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_mesh.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="512" data-height="512" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_mesh.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_mesh.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_mesh.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Visible_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/150px-seek%3D0-Visible_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" height="150" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="Visible_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Visible_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Visible_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="512" data-height="512" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Visible_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Visible_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Visible_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIELCHab_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a> gamut (<i>left</i>) and visible gamut under D65 illumination (<i>right</i>) plotted within the CIELCHab color space. <i>L</i> is the vertical axis; <i>C</i> is the cylinder radius; <i>h</i> is the angle around the circumference.</div></div></div></div> <p>The "CIELCh" or "CIEHLC" space is a color space based on CIELAB, which uses the <a href="/wiki/Polar_coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Polar coordinates">polar coordinates</a> <i>C</i>* (<a href="/wiki/Colorfulness#Chroma" title="Colorfulness">chroma</a>, relative saturation) and <i>h</i>° (hue angle, angle of the hue in the CIELAB color wheel) instead of the <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartesian coordinates">Cartesian coordinates</a> <i>a</i>* and <i>b</i>*. The CIELAB lightness L* remains unchanged. </p><p>The conversion of <i>a</i>* and <i>b</i>* to <i>C</i>* and <i>h</i>° is performed as follows: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C^{\star }={\sqrt {{a^{*}}^{2}+{b^{*}}^{2}}},\qquad h^{\circ }=\operatorname {atan} \left({b^{*}}/{a^{*}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </msqrt> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <msup> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi>atan</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C^{\star }={\sqrt {{a^{*}}^{2}+{b^{*}}^{2}}},\qquad h^{\circ }=\operatorname {atan} \left({b^{*}}/{a^{*}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/996bf8a453d2974120fee820936871b167208359" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:40.559ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C^{\star }={\sqrt {{a^{*}}^{2}+{b^{*}}^{2}}},\qquad h^{\circ }=\operatorname {atan} \left({b^{*}}/{a^{*}}\right)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Conversely, given the <a href="/wiki/Polar_coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Polar coordinates">polar coordinates</a>, conversion to Cartesian coordinates is achieved with: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a^{\star }=C^{\star }\cos(h^{\circ }),\qquad b^{\star }=C^{\star }\sin(h^{\circ })}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <msup> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a^{\star }=C^{\star }\cos(h^{\circ }),\qquad b^{\star }=C^{\star }\sin(h^{\circ })}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6ead0ea360e0e641d8dd878c2460f56252370144" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:37.062ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a^{\star }=C^{\star }\cos(h^{\circ }),\qquad b^{\star }=C^{\star }\sin(h^{\circ })}"></span></dd></dl> <p>The LCh (or HLC) color space is not the same as the HSV, HSL or HSB color models, although their values can also be interpreted as a base color, saturation and lightness of a color. The HSL values are a polar coordinate transformation of what is technically defined RGB cube color space. LCh is still <a href="/wiki/Color_difference#Tolerance" title="Color difference">perceptually uniform</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CIEHLC_polar.png" class="mw-file-description" title="thumbtime=0"><img alt="CIELCHab color space from top" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/CIEHLC_polar.png/150px-CIEHLC_polar.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/CIEHLC_polar.png/225px-CIEHLC_polar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/CIEHLC_polar.png/300px-CIEHLC_polar.png 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="695" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CIELHLC_3D.png" class="mw-file-description" title="thumbtime=0"><img alt="CIELCHab 3D color space" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/CIELHLC_3D.png/150px-CIELHLC_3D.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/CIELHLC_3D.png/225px-CIELHLC_3D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/CIELHLC_3D.png/300px-CIELHLC_3D.png 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="763" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><i>L</i> is the vertical axis; <i>C</i> is the cylinder radius; <i>h</i> is the angle around the circumference.</div></div></div></div> <p>Further, <i>H</i> and <i>h</i> are not identical, because HSL space uses as primary colors the three additive primary colors red, green and blue (<i>H</i> = 0, 120, 240°). Instead, the LCh system uses the four colors red, yellow, green and blue (<i>h</i> = 0, 90, 180, 270°). Regardless the angle <i>h</i>, <i>C</i> = 0 means the achromatic colors (non saturated), that is, the gray axis. </p><p>The simplified spellings LCh, LCh(ab), LCH, LCH(ab) and HLC are common, but the letter presents a different order. <a href="/wiki/HCL_color_space" title="HCL color space">HCL color space</a> (Hue-Chroma-Luminance) on the other hand is a commonly used alternative name for the <a href="/wiki/CIELUV#Cylindrical_representation_(CIELCh)" title="CIELUV">L*C*h(uv)</a> color space, also known as the <i>cylindrical representation</i> or <i>polar <a href="/wiki/CIELUV" title="CIELUV">CIELUV</a></i>. This name is commonly used by <a href="/wiki/Information_visualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Information visualization">information visualization</a> practitioners who want to present data without the bias implicit in using varying <a href="/wiki/Colorfulness" title="Colorfulness">saturation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zeileis2009_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zeileis2009-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name Lch(ab) is sometimes used to differentiate from L*C*h(uv). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_related_color_spaces">Other related color spaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other related color spaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A related color space, the CIE 1976 <i>L</i>*<i>u</i>*<i>v</i>* color space (a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/CIELUV" title="CIELUV">CIELUV</a>), preserves the same <i>L*</i> as <i>L*a*b*</i> but has a different representation of the chromaticity components. CIELAB and CIELUV can also be expressed in cylindrical form (CIELCh<a href="/wiki/CIELUV#Cylindrical_representation_(CIELCh)" title="CIELUV"><sub>ab</sub></a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/CIELUV#Cylindrical_representation_(CIELCh)" title="CIELUV">CIELCh<sub>uv</sub></a>, respectively), with the chromaticity components replaced by correlates of <a href="/wiki/Chrominance" title="Chrominance">chroma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">hue</a>. </p><p>Since the work on CIELAB and CIELUV, the CIE has been incorporating an increasing number of <a href="/wiki/Color_appearance_phenomena" class="mw-redirect" title="Color appearance phenomena">color appearance phenomena</a> into their models and difference equations to better predict human color perception. These <a href="/wiki/Color_appearance_model" title="Color appearance model">color appearance models</a>, of which CIELAB is a simple example,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> culminated with <a href="/wiki/CIECAM02" title="CIECAM02">CIECAM02</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Oklab_color_space" title="Oklab color space">Oklab</a> is built on the same spatial structure and achieves greater perceptual uniformity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some systems and software applications that support CIELAB include: </p> <ul><li>CIELAB is used by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Datacolor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Datacolor (page does not exist)">Datacolor</a> <a href="/wiki/Spectrophotometers" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectrophotometers">spectrophotometers</a>, including the related <a href="/wiki/Color_difference" title="Color difference">color difference</a> calculations.</li> <li>CIELAB is used by the PantoneLive library.</li> <li>CIELAB is used extensively by <a href="/w/index.php?title=XRite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XRite (page does not exist)">XRite</a> as a color space with their hardware and software color measuring systems.</li> <li>CIELAB D50 is available in <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Adobe Photoshop</a>, where it is called "Lab mode".<sup id="cite_ref-margulis_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-margulis-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>CIELAB is available in <a href="/wiki/Affinity_Photo" title="Affinity Photo">Affinity Photo</a> by changing the document's Colour Format to "Lab (16 bit)". The <a href="/wiki/White_point" title="White point">white point</a>, which defaults to <a href="/wiki/Standard_illuminant#Illuminant_series_D" title="Standard illuminant">D50</a>, can be changed by <a href="/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICC profile</a>.</li> <li>CIELAB D50 is available in <a href="/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICC profiles</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Color_management#Profile_connection_space" title="Color management">profile connection space</a> named "Lab color space".<sup id="cite_ref-ICC4_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICC4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>CIELAB (any white point) is a supported color space in <a href="/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a> image files.<sup id="cite_ref-TIFF6_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIFF6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>CIELAB (any white point) is available in <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> documents, where it is called the "Lab color space".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>CIELAB is an option in Digital Color Meter on <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> described as "L*a*b*".</li> <li>CIELAB is available in the <a href="/wiki/RawTherapee" title="RawTherapee">RawTherapee</a> photo editor, where it is called the "Lab color space".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>CIELAB is used by <a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a> for the hue-chroma adjustment filter, fuzzy-select and paint-bucket. There is also a LCh(ab) color picker.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Web browser support for CIELAB was introduced as part of <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> Color Module Level 4, and is supported in all major browsers.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hunter_Lab">Hunter Lab</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hunter Lab"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Lab" title="Hunter Lab">Hunter Lab</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Lab&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Lab" title="Hunter Lab">Hunter Lab</a> (also known as Hunter L,a,b) is a <a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a> defined in 1948<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_Lab_Hunter1948a2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_Lab_Hunter1948a2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_Lab_Hunter1948b2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_Lab_Hunter1948b2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Hunter" title="Richard S. Hunter">Richard S. Hunter</a>. It was designed to be computed via simple formulas from the <a href="/wiki/CIEXYZ" class="mw-redirect" title="CIEXYZ">CIEXYZ</a> space, but to be more perceptually uniform. Hunter named his coordinates <i>L</i>, <i>a</i> and <i>b</i>. </p> Hunter Lab was a precursor to <a href="/wiki/CIELAB" class="mw-redirect" title="CIELAB">CIELAB</a>, created in 1976 by the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">International Commission on Illumination</a> (CIE), which named the coordinates for CIELAB as <i>L*</i>, <i>a*</i>, <i>b*</i> to distinguish them from Hunter's coordinates.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_Lab_Hunter1948a_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_Lab_Hunter1948a-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_Lab_Hunter1948b_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_Lab_Hunter1948b-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_theory" title="Color theory">Color theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opponent_process" title="Opponent process">Opponent process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSL_and_HSV" title="HSL and HSV">HSL and HSV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB color model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK color model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIELUV" title="CIELUV">CIELUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIECAM02" title="CIECAM02">CIECAM02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_color_space" title="HCL color space">HCL color space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklab_color_space" title="Oklab color space">Oklab color space</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Referring to CIELAB as "Lab" without asterisks should be avoided to prevent confusion with <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Lab" title="Hunter Lab">Hunter Lab</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIELAB_color_space&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>CIE Colorimetry 15</i> (Third ed.). CIE. 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-901-906-33-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-901-906-33-9"><bdi>3-901-906-33-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CIE+Colorimetry+15&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=CIE&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=3-901-906-33-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACIELAB+color+space" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICC4-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICC4_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICC4_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">International Color Consortium, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.color.org/icc1v42.pdf">Specification ICC.1:2004-10 (Profile version 4.2.0.0)</a> Image technology color management — Architecture, profile format and data structure,</i> (2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacEvoy" class="citation web cs1">MacEvoy, Bruce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handprint.com/HP/WCL/color7.html#CIELUV">"Explanation of this history"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explanation+of+this+history&rft.aulast=MacEvoy&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.handprint.com%2FHP%2FWCL%2Fcolor7.html%23CIELUV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACIELAB+color+space" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brucelindbloom.com/UPLab.html">A discussion and proposed improvement</a>, Bruce Lindbloom</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brucelindbloom.com/index.html?WorkingSpaceInfo.html">3D representations of the <i>L*a*b*</i> gamut</a>, Bruce Lindbloom.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jain89-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jain89_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJain1989" class="citation book cs1">Jain, Anil K. (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fundamentalsofdi0000jain"><i>Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing</i></a></span>. New Jersey, United States of America: <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fundamentalsofdi0000jain/page/68">68</a>, 71, 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-336165-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-336165-9"><bdi>0-13-336165-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Digital+Image+Processing&rft.place=New+Jersey%2C+United+States+of+America&rft.pages=68%2C+71%2C+73&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-13-336165-9&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Anil+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffundamentalsofdi0000jain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACIELAB+color+space" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brucelindbloom.com/index.html?LabGamutDisplayHelp.html#IntegerLab">"LAB Integer Gamut —Bruce Lindbloom"</a>. <i>brucelindbloom.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIE+Terms+List&rft.atitle=CIELAB+Formula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcie.co.at%2Feilvterm%2F17-23-076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACIELAB+color+space" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJános_Schanda2007" class="citation book cs1">János Schanda (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uZadszSGe9MC&q=lab+color+6-29+16-116&pg=PA61"><i>Colorimetry</i></a>. 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href="http://www.cs.rit.edu/~ncs/color/a_spaces.html">Demonstrative color conversion applet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.law.cie.15.2004">CIE Colorimetry 15-3</a> CIE Technical Report Colorimetry 15 third edition (2004). An authoritative reference.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xrite.com/-/media/xrite/files/whitepaper_pdfs/l10-001_a_guide_to_understanding_color_communication/l10-001_understand_color_en.pdf">Whitepaper on understanding colors</a> by X-rite.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/w/index.php?title=CIECAM16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CIECAM16 (page does not exist)">CIECAM16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">CIE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">XYZ (1931)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space#CIE_RGB_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">RGB (1931)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIE_1960_color_space" title="CIE 1960 color space">YUV (1960)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIE_1964_color_space" title="CIE 1964 color space">UVW (1964)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CIELAB (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIELUV" title="CIELUV">CIELUV (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIECAM02" title="CIECAM02">CIECAM02</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIECAM16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CIECAM16 (page does not exist)">CIECAM16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_spaces" title="RGB color spaces">RGB color spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rg_chromaticity" title="Rg chromaticity">rg chromaticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_RGB_color_space" title="Adobe RGB color space">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-gamut_RGB_color_space" title="Wide-gamut RGB color space">Wide-gamut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProPhoto_RGB_color_space" title="ProPhoto RGB color space">ProPhoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScRGB" title="ScRGB">scRGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCI-P3" title="DCI-P3">DCI-P3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._601" title="Rec. 601">Rec. 601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTSC#SMPTE_C" title="NTSC">SMPTE 240M/"C"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._709" title="Rec. 709">Rec. 709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">Rec. 2100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Y%E2%80%B2UV" title="Y′UV">Y′UV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Y%E2%80%B2UV" title="Y′UV">YUV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YDbDr" title="YDbDr">YDbDr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIQ" title="YIQ">YIQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YCbCr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rec._601" title="Rec. 601">Rec. 601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._709" title="Rec. 709">Rec. 709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">Rec. 2100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICtCp" title="ICtCp">ICtCp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">Rec. 2100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YPbPr" title="YPbPr">YPbPr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">MAC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XvYCC" title="XvYCC">xvYCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YCoCg" title="YCoCg">YCoCg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CcMmYK_color_model" title="CcMmYK color model">CcMmYK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColorADD" title="ColorADD">ColorADD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloroid" title="Coloroid">Coloroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LMS_color_space" title="LMS color space">LMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexachrome" title="Hexachrome">Hexachrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSL_and_HSV" title="HSL and HSV">HSL, HSV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_color_space" title="HCL color space">HCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossible_color" title="Impossible color">Imaginary color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklab_color_space" title="Oklab color space">Oklab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSA-UCS" title="OSA-UCS">OSA-UCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practical_Color_Coordinate_System" title="Practical Color Coordinate System">PCCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RG_color_models" title="RG color models">RG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RYB_color_model" title="RYB color model">RYB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HWB_color_model" title="HWB color model">HWB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YJK" title="YJK">YJK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSL_color_space" title="TSL color space">TSL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color systems<br />and standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Color_Encoding_System" title="Academy Color Encoding System">ACES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_Media_Alliance" title="News Media Alliance">ANPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_Index_International" title="Colour Index International">Colour Index International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dyes" title="List of dyes">CI list of dyes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIC_Corporation" title="DIC Corporation">DIC</a></li> <li><a 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