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id="toc-World_War_II_and_Japanese_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_and_Japanese_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>World War II and Japanese occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_and_Japanese_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_1940s_and_the_1950s:_The_first_golden_age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_1940s_and_the_1950s:_The_first_golden_age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Postwar 1940s and the 1950s: The first golden age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_1940s_and_the_1950s:_The_first_golden_age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Post-war_Cebuano_and_Ilonggo_cinema_and_its_resurgence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_Cebuano_and_Ilonggo_cinema_and_its_resurgence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Post-war Cebuano and Ilonggo cinema and its resurgence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_Cebuano_and_Ilonggo_cinema_and_its_resurgence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_golden_age_and_contemporary_era_of_Tagalog_cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_golden_age_and_contemporary_era_of_Tagalog_cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>The golden age and contemporary era of Tagalog cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_golden_age_and_contemporary_era_of_Tagalog_cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1960s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s_to_early_1980s:_Second_Golden_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s_to_early_1980s:_Second_Golden_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>1970s to early 1980s: Second Golden Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s_to_early_1980s:_Second_Golden_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_1980s_to_1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_1980s_to_1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Late 1980s to 1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_1980s_to_1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s:_Decline_of_commercial_films_and_emergence_of_Philippine_New_Wave_Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s:_Decline_of_commercial_films_and_emergence_of_Philippine_New_Wave_Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>2000s: Decline of commercial films and emergence of Philippine New Wave Cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s:_Decline_of_commercial_films_and_emergence_of_Philippine_New_Wave_Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s:_Box_office_resurgence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s:_Box_office_resurgence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>2010s: Box office resurgence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s:_Box_office_resurgence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s:_Centennial_year_of_Philippine_cinema_and_onward" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s:_Centennial_year_of_Philippine_cinema_and_onward"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>2020s: Centennial year of Philippine cinema and onward</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s:_Centennial_year_of_Philippine_cinema_and_onward-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Censorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Censorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Censorship</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Censorship-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Censorship subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Censorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Under_the_Americans_and_the_Early_Philippine_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_the_Americans_and_the_Early_Philippine_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Under the Americans and the Early Philippine Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_the_Americans_and_the_Early_Philippine_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Eiga_Heikusa:_Under_Japanese_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Eiga_Heikusa:_Under_Japanese_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The Eiga Heikusa: Under Japanese rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Eiga_Heikusa:_Under_Japanese_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_censorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_censorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Post-war censorship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_censorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bomba_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bomba_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Bomba films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bomba_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_martial_law_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_martial_law_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>The martial law era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_martial_law_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movie_and_Television_Review_and_Classification_Board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movie_and_Television_Review_and_Classification_Board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Movie and Television Review and Classification Board</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movie_and_Television_Review_and_Classification_Board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_categories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_categories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable categories</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_categories-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable categories subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_categories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Independent_Filipino_cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_Filipino_cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Independent Filipino cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_Filipino_cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Animation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_epics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_epics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Historical epics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_epics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internationally_acclaimed_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internationally_acclaimed_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Internationally acclaimed films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internationally_acclaimed_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_associations_and_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_associations_and_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Film associations and organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_associations_and_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yearly_revenue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yearly_revenue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Yearly revenue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yearly_revenue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Society</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">sign language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines" title="Ethnic groups in the Philippines">ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Philippines" title="Indigenous peoples of the Philippines">indigenous peoples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_values" title="Filipino values">Value system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_kinship" title="Philippine kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_styles_and_honorifics" title="Filipino styles and honorifics">Honorifics</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Arts and Literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines" title="Architecture of the Philippines">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_comics" title="Philippine comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_Philippines" title="Dance in the Philippines">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_Philippines" title="Mass media in the Philippines">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_Philippines" title="List of newspapers in the Philippines">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_Philippines" title="Radio in the Philippines">radio</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Philippines" title="Television in the Philippines">television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_Philippines" title="Internet in the Philippines">internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines" title="Fashion and clothing in the Philippines">Fashion and clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_literature" title="Philippine literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> History and Tradition</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Cultural_Properties_of_the_Philippines" title="Lists of Cultural Properties of the Philippines">Cultural Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_folk_literature" title="Philippine folk literature">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines" title="History of the Philippines">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_markers_of_the_Philippines" title="Historical markers of the Philippines">historical markers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_mythology" title="Philippine mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Philippines" title="Public holidays in the Philippines">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_the_Philippines" title="List of festivals in the Philippines">festivals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_Philippines" title="Sports in the Philippines">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_in_the_Philippines" title="Traditional games in the Philippines">traditional games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_Philippines" title="Video games in the Philippines">Video games</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Symbols</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_eagle" title="Philippine eagle">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasminum_sambac" title="Jasminum sambac">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinctada_maxima" title="Pinctada maxima">Gem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Philippines" title="Great Seal of the Philippines">Great Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maka-Diyos,_Maka-tao,_Makakalikasan_at_Makabansa" title="Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnis" title="Arnis">Sport and martial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_indicus" title="Pterocarpus indicus">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="National symbols of the Philippines">Other national symbols</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Culture of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Culture of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The <b>Cinema of the Philippines</b> (<a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>: <i lang="fil">Pelikulang Pilipino</i>; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Cine Filipino</i>) began with the introduction of the first <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">moving pictures</a> to the country on August 31, 1897, at the <i>Salón de Pertierra</i> in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>. The following year, local scenes were shot on film for the first time by a Spaniard, Antonio Ramos, using the <a href="/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière">Lumiere</a> <a href="/wiki/Cinematograph" title="Cinematograph">Cinematograph</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While most early <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">filmmakers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Film_producers" class="mw-redirect" title="Film producers">producers</a> in the country were mostly wealthy enterprising foreigners and <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriates</a>, on September 12, 1919, <i><a href="/wiki/Dalagang_Bukid" title="Dalagang Bukid">Dalagang Bukid</a></i> (Country Maiden), a film based on a popular <i><a href="/wiki/Zarzuela#Zarzuela_in_the_Philippines" title="Zarzuela">zarzuela</a></i>, was the first movie made and shown by Filipino filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Nepomuceno" title="José Nepomuceno">José Nepomuceno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dubbed as the "Father of Philippine Cinema," his work marked the start of cinema as an art form in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even with the problems currently facing motion pictures around the world, films are still considered one of the popular forms of entertainment among the <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipino people</a>, directly employing some 260,000 Filipinos and generating around <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">₱</a>2 billion revenues annually.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among its neighbors in Southeast Asia, Philippine cinema remains as the strongest in the Southeast Asian region with the majority of films made in the region came from the Philippines along with the film industries of Thailand and Indonesia. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Film_Development_Council_of_the_Philippines" title="Film Development Council of the Philippines">Film Development Council of the Philippines</a> established a national film archive in October 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-inquirer.net_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inquirer.net-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, their annually held <a href="/wiki/Luna_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna Awards">Luna Awards</a> honor the outstanding Filipino films as voted by their own peers. Meanwhile, the Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino hands out the <a href="/wiki/Gawad_Urian_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Gawad Urian Awards">Gawad Urian Awards</a>, which is well known due to its credible choices of winners. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eddie_Romero2007_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Eddie_Romero2007_%28cropped%29.jpg/143px-Eddie_Romero2007_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Eddie_Romero2007_%28cropped%29.jpg/215px-Eddie_Romero2007_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Eddie_Romero2007_%28cropped%29.jpg/286px-Eddie_Romero2007_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="1328" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Romero" title="Eddie Romero">Eddie Romero</a> - renowned Filipino film director, producer and screenwriter.</figcaption></figure><p> The formative years of Philippine cinema, starting from the 1930s, were a time of discovering the <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">film genre</a> as a new medium of <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>. <a href="/wiki/Screenplay" title="Screenplay">Scripts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Characterisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Characterisation">characterisations</a> in <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">films</a> came from popular <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a> and familiar <a href="/wiki/Philippine_literature" title="Philippine literature">local literature</a>. Nationalistic films were also quite popular, although they were labeled as being too <a href="/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion">subversive</a>.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"></p><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks collapsible collapsed" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;font-size:100%; line-height: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid white"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink"> <i>Cinema of</i><br /><span style="font-size:125%;">the Philippines</span></a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg/100px-Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg/150px-Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg/200px-Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Philippine films">Films</a> before the 2010s</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_before_1940" title="List of Philippine films before 1940">Pre-1940</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1940s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1940s">1940s</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1950s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1950s">1950s</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1960s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1960s">1960s</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1970s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1970s">1970s</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1980s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1980s">1980s</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1990s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1990s">1990s</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_2000s" title="List of Philippine films of the 2000s">2000s</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_2010s" title="List of Philippine films of the 2010s">2010s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2010" title="List of Philippine films of 2010">2010</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2011" title="List of Philippine films of 2011">2011</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2012" title="List of Philippine films of 2012">2012</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2013" title="List of Philippine films of 2013">2013</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2014" title="List of Philippine films of 2014">2014</a> </p> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2015" title="List of Philippine films of 2015">2015</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2016" title="List of Philippine films of 2016">2016</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2017" title="List of Philippine films of 2017">2017</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2018" title="List of Philippine films of 2018">2018</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2019" title="List of Philippine films of 2019">2019</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> 2020s</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2020" title="List of Philippine films of 2020">2020</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2021" title="List of Philippine films of 2021">2021</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2022" title="List of Philippine films of 2022">2022</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2023" title="List of Philippine films of 2023">2023</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2024" title="List of Philippine films of 2024">2024</a>   <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2025" title="List of Philippine films of 2025">2025</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_animated_films" title="List of Philippine animated films">Philippine Animation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Filipino_film_list" title="Template:Filipino film list"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Filipino_film_list" title="Template talk:Filipino film list"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Filipino_film_list" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Filipino film list"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The 1940s and the war brought to the Philippine cinema the consciousness of <a href="/wiki/Reality" title="Reality">reality</a>. Movie <a href="/wiki/Theme_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (literature)">themes</a> consisting primarily of war and heroism had proven to be a huge hit among local audiences.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style></p><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Cinema of the Philippines</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg/220px-Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg/330px-Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg/440px-Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of <a href="/wiki/Projection_screen" title="Projection screen">screens</a></th><td class="infobox-data">920 (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-screens_uis_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-screens_uis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">0.9 per 100,000 (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-screens_uis_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-screens_uis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main distributors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Star_Cinema" title="Star Cinema">Star Cinema</a> 27.1%<br /><a href="/wiki/United_International_Pictures" title="United International Pictures">UIP</a> 17.0%<br /><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_Motion_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures">Disney</a> 16.1%<sup id="cite_ref-distributors_uis_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-distributors_uis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Produced feature films (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-production_uis_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-production_uis-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">53</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Number of admissions (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-adm_gross_uis_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adm_gross_uis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">78,300,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">0.8</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Gross box office (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-adm_gross_uis_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adm_gross_uis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">$218 million</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The 1950s saw the first golden age of Philippine cinema,<sup id="cite_ref-curtain_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curtain-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-film_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the emergence of more artistic and mature films, and significant improvement in <a href="/wiki/Cinematic_techniques" title="Cinematic techniques">cinematic techniques</a> among filmmakers. The <a href="/wiki/Studio_system" title="Studio system">studio system</a> produced frenetic activity in the local film industry, as many films were made annually and several local talents started to earn recognition abroad. Award-giving bodies were first instituted during this period. When the decade was drawing to a close, the studio system <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> came under <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">siege</a> as a result of labor-management conflicts, and by the 1960s, the artistry established in the previous years was already on the decline. This era can be characterized by rampant <a href="/wiki/Commercialism" title="Commercialism">commercialism</a>, fan movies, <a href="/wiki/Soft_porn" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft porn">soft porn</a> films, <a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">action flicks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">western</a> <a href="/wiki/Spin-off_(media)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin-off (media)">spin-offs</a>. </p><p>The 1970s and 1980s were turbulent years for the industry, bringing both positive and negative changes. The films in this period now dealt with more serious topics following the Martial Law era. In addition, action and sex films developed further, introducing more explicit subject matter. These years also brought the arrival of alternative or <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">independent film</a> in the Philippines. </p><p>The 1990s saw the emerging popularity of slasher movies, teen-oriented romantic comedies, as well as sexually explicit adult films, although slapstick comedies still draw a large audience. Genres of previous decades had been recycled with almost the same stories, and love teams, which had been popular in the past, have reemerged.<sup id="cite_ref-film_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Philippines, which as one of Asia's oldest film industries, remains undisputed in terms of the highest level of theater admission in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. Over the years, however, the film industry has registered a steady decline in movie viewership from 131 million in 1996 to 63 million in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-acclaim_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acclaim-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bleak_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bleak-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From a high of 200 films a year during the 1980s, the country's film industry was down to making a total of 56 new films in 2006 and around 30 in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-acclaim_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acclaim-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bleak_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bleak-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the industry has undergone turbulent times, the 21st century saw the rebirth of independent filmmaking through the use of digital technology, and a number of films have once again earned international recognition and prestige. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_and_early_development">Origins and early development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins and early development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 1, 1897, the first film shown was <i>Espectaculo Scientifico</i> and followed by other four movies, namely, <i>Un Homme Au Chapeau (Man with a Hat)</i>, <i>Une scène de danse japonnaise (Scene from a Japanese Dance)</i>, <i>Les Boxers (The Boxers)</i>, and <i>La Place de L' Opéra (The Place L' Opéra)</i>, were shown via 60 mm <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gaumont" title="Léon Gaumont">Gaumont</a> <a href="/wiki/Chronophone" title="Chronophone">Chrono</a>-photograph projector at the <i>Salon de Pertierra</i> at No.12 Escolta in Manila. The venue was formerly known as on the ground floor of the Casino Español at Pérez Street, off Escolta Street. Other countries, such as France, England, and Germany had their claims to the introduction of publicly projected motion picture in the Philippines, although Petierra is credited by most historians and critics.<sup id="cite_ref-ncaa_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncaa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Antonio Ramos, a Spanish soldier from Aragón, was able to import a <a href="/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière">Lumiere</a> <a href="/wiki/Cinematograph" title="Cinematograph">Cinematograph</a> from Paris, including 30 film titles, out of his savings and the financial banking of two Swiss entrepreneurs, Liebman and Peritz. </p><p>By August 1897, Liebman and Peritz presented the first movies on the Lumiere Cinematograph in Manila. The cinema was set up at Escolta Street at the corner of San Jacinto Street. A test preview was presented to a limited number of guests on August 28 and the inaugural show was presented to the general public the next day, August 29, 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-ncaa_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncaa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Documentary films showing recent events as well as natural calamities in Europe were shown.<sup id="cite_ref-film_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the first three weeks, Ramos had a selection of ten different films to show, but by the fourth week, he was forced to shuffle the 30 films in various combinations to produce new programs. These were four viewing sessions, every hour on the hour, from 6:00 P.M. to 10:00 P.M. After three months, attendance began to slacken for failure to show any new features. They transferred the viewing hall to a warehouse in Plaza Goiti and reduced the admission fees. By the end of November, the movie hall closed down.<sup id="cite_ref-ncaa_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncaa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next year, to attract patronage, using the Lumiere as a camera, Ramos locally filmed <i>Panorama de Manila (Manila landscape)</i>, <i>Fiesta de Quiapo (Quiapo Fiesta)</i>, <i>Puente de España (Bridge of Spain)</i>, and <i>Escenas Callejeras (Street scenes)</i>, making him the first movie producer in the Philippines. Aside from Ramos, there were other foreigners who left documentary evidences of their visits to the Philippines. <a href="/wiki/Burton_Holmes" title="Burton Holmes">Burton Holmes</a>, father of the <a href="/wiki/Travelogue_(films)" class="mw-redirect" title="Travelogue (films)">travelogue</a>, who made the first of several visits in 1899, made the <i>Battle of Baliwag</i>; Kimwood Peters shot the <i>Banawe Rice Terraces</i>; and, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ackerman_(filmmaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Ackerman (filmmaker)">Raymond Ackerman</a> of <i>American Biography</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mutoscope" title="Mutoscope">Mutoscope</a></i> filmed <i>Filipino Cockfight</i> and the <i>Battle of Mt. Arayat</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ncaa_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncaa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_period">American period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: American period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Film showing in the Philippines resumed in 1900 when a British entrepreneur named Walgrah opened the Cine Walgrah at No.60 Calle Santa Rosa in Intramuros. The second movie house was opened in 1902 by a Spanish entrepreneur, Samuel Rebarber, who called his building, <i>Gran Cinematógrafo Parisino</i>, located at No. 80 Calle Crespo in Quiapo. In 1903, José Jiménez, a stage backdrop painter, set up the first Filipino-owned movie theater, the <i>Cinematograpo Rizal</i> in Azcarraga Street (now C.M. Recto Ave.), in front of the <a href="/wiki/Tutuban_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutuban Railway Station">Tutuban Railway Station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ncaa_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncaa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, a movie market was formally created in the country along with the arrival of silent movies and American colonialism.<sup id="cite_ref-film_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The silent films were always accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">gramophone</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Quartet" title="Quartet">quartet</a>, or when <i>Caviria</i> was shown at the Manila Grand Opera House, a 200-man <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ncaa_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncaa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1905, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Wyndham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Wyndham (page does not exist)">Herbert Wyndham</a>, shot scenes at the <i>Manila Fire Department</i>; Albert Yearsley shot<i> the Rizal Day Celebration</i> in Luneta 1909; in 1910, the <i>Manila Carnival</i>; in 1911, the <i>Eruption of Mayon Volcano</i>; the first <i>Airplane Flight Over Manila</i> by <a href="/wiki/Bud_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Bud Mars">Bud Mars</a> and the <i>Fires of Tondo, Pandacan and Paco</i>; and, in 1912, the <i>Departure of the Igorots to Barcelona</i> and the <i>Typhoon in Cebu</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ncaa_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncaa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These novelty films, however, did not capture the hearts of the audience because they were about the foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-film_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Commission" title="Philippine Commission">Philippine Commission</a> recognized early the potential of cinema as a tool of communication and information, so that in 1909, the Bureau of Science bought a complete film-making unit and laboratory from <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a>, and sent its chief photographer, the American, Charles Martin,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to France to train for a year. When Martin completed his training, he resolved to document, in motion pictures, the varied aspects of the Philippines. </p><p>In 1910, the first picture with sound reached Manila, using the <a href="/wiki/Chronophone" title="Chronophone">Chronophone</a>. A British film crew also visited the Philippines, and filmed, among other scenes, the <i>Pagsanjan Falls (Oriental)</i> in 1911 in <a href="/wiki/Kinemacolor" title="Kinemacolor">kinemacolor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ncaa_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncaa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1912, New York and Hollywood film companies started to establish their own agencies in Manila to distribute films.<sup id="cite_ref-ncaa_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncaa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, two American entrepreneurs made a film about the execution of <a href="/wiki/Jose_Rizal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Rizal">Jose Rizal</a>, and aroused a strong curiosity among Filipino moviegoers. This led to the making of the first Filipino film, <i><a href="/wiki/La_vida_de_Jose_Rizal" class="mw-redirect" title="La vida de Jose Rizal">La vida de Jose Rizal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-film_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1914, the US colonial government was already using films as a vehicle for information, education, propaganda and entertainment. The Bureau of Science tackled subjects designed to present an accurate picture of the Philippines before the American public, particularly the US Congress. By 1915, the best European and American films were shown in Philippine theaters. When <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (1914–1918) choked off the production of European studios, Manila theater managers turned to US for new film products. With the variety they offered, American films quickly dominated the Philippine film market.<sup id="cite_ref-ncaa_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncaa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first film produced by a Filipino is <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Nepomuceno" title="José Nepomuceno">José Nepomuceno</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Dalagang_Bukid" title="Dalagang Bukid">Dalagang Bukid</a> (Country Maiden)</i> in 1919 based on a highly acclaimed musical play by Hermogenes Ilagan and León Ignacio.<sup id="cite_ref-film_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early filmmakers, even with meager capital, followed some of the genres provided by Hollywood movies. The main sources of movie themes during this period were theater pieces from popular <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">dramas</a> or <a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">zarzuelas</a>. Another source of movie themes at that time was <a href="/wiki/Philippine_literature" title="Philippine literature">Philippine literature</a>. </p><p>During the 1920s when the Germans and Russians dominated the artistic development of the film and its techniques (Examples are <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cabinet_of_Dr._Caligari" title="The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari">The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari</a></i> – 1919, <i><a href="/wiki/Nosferatu" title="Nosferatu">Nosferatu</a></i> – 1922, and <i><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin" title="Battleship Potemkin">Battleship Potemkin</a></i> – 1925), Filipino-Visayan filmmakers such as Max Borromeo, Florentino Borromeo and <a href="/wiki/Celestino_Rodriguez" title="Celestino Rodriguez">Celestino Rodriguez</a> collaborated in making <i>El Hijo Disobediente</i> (The Disobedient Son) in 1922. This black and white silent picture could have been one of the earliest noted films from the Southern Philippines. The year 1929 marked the advent of talking pictures, but only in 1938 did the Visayan Film Industry have its first "talkie" entitle <i>Bertoldo Ug Balodoy</i> (Bertoldo and Balodoy) written by Piux Kabahar, which was followed by <i>Mini</i> (Fake; 1940), and <i>Gugmang Talagsaon</i> (Rare Love; 1940) by Virgilio Gonzales. In Cebu, the first movie houses were built by the Avila Clan: Ideal Theater (1911), Cine Auditorium (1922) and Cine Oriente (The old Teatro Junquera).<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Films have already been showing outside of Manila as early as 1897 through the feats of Señor Pertierra, a Spanish expatriate and a certain Englishman going only with the surname of 'Bischoff'. Mr. Bischoff was the first to show films in Iloilo in 1903. These were short features produced by the film company Cinematographo Pastor and were screened nightly from 6:30 to 9:30 in Bischoff's bodega or camarin in Calle Real. Later on, other film companies have also begun to rise such as Cinematografo Insular (which arrived from Manila to Iloilo in 1905), Cinematografo Teatro Colón and Cinematografo Parsien. To coincide with the rising of such film companies, there came the establishment of movie houses in Iloilo. In 1919, one highlighted event that stood out from that decade was the showing of the first full-length Tagalog feature film in Iloilo: Jose Nepomuceno's Dalagang Bukid (literal translation from Tagalog: 'mountain girl'). Thousands of Ilonggo film buffs went to see the movie and were highly moved by it. In Iloilo, Teatro Malhabour touted as the first cinema or movie house in Iloilo was opened to the public on July 3, 1908, at the corner of Calle Quiñones (now Mabini) and Calle Concepcion (now Ledesma). It was owned by Felix Malhabour, a policeman and a member of the board of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other early cinema or movies houses in Iloilo City include the Rex Theater, Roxy Theater, Republic Theater and Cine Commonwealth built around 1910s–1920s. The two prominent or popular cinema houses in Iloilo include the oldest still existing and operating movie theater in Iloilo, Cine Palace and the now defunct Cine Eagle both built in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1929, the <i><a href="/wiki/Syncopation_(1929_film)" title="Syncopation (1929 film)">Syncopation</a></i>, the first American sound film, was shown in Radio theater in Plaza Santa Cruz in Manila inciting a competition on who could make the first <a href="/wiki/Talkie" class="mw-redirect" title="Talkie">talkie</a> among local producers. On December 8, 1932, a film in <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> entitled <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ang_Aswang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ang Aswang (page does not exist)">Ang Aswang</a> (The <a href="/wiki/Aswang" title="Aswang">Aswang</a>)</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">monster movie</a> inspired by <a href="/wiki/Philippine_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine folklore">Philippine folklore</a>, was promoted as the first sound film. Moviegoers who remembered the film attested that it was not a completely sound film.<sup id="cite_ref-ncaa_14-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncaa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> José Nepomuceno's <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punyal_na_Guinto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punyal na Guinto (page does not exist)">Punyal na Guinto</a> (Golden Dagger)</i>, which premiered on March 9, 1933, at the Lyric theater, was credited as the first completely sound, all-talking picture in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-ncaa_14-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncaa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s, a few film artists and producers deviated from the norms and presented sociopolitical movies. Ironically, the people who helped the film industry develop and flourish were also the same people who suppressed its artistic expression by inhibiting movie themes that would establish radical political views among the Filipinos. Instead, love and reconciliation between members of different classes of people were encouraged as themes.<sup id="cite_ref-film_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julian_Manansala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julian Manansala (page does not exist)">Julian Manansala</a>’s film <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patria_Amor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patria Amor (page does not exist)">Patria Amor</a> (Beloved Country)</i> was almost suppressed because of its anti-Spanish sentiments. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Concha" title="Carmen Concha">Carmen Concha</a>, one of the first female directors in the country, also ventured into filmmaking, and she directed <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magkaisang_Landas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magkaisang Landas (page does not exist)">Magkaisang Landas</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaman_ng_Mahirap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaman ng Mahirap (page does not exist)">Yaman ng Mahirap</a></i> in 1939 under Parlatone, and <i><a href="/wiki/Pangarap" title="Pangarap">Pangarap</a></i> in 1940 under LVN.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite fierce competition with Hollywood movies, the Filipino film industry survived and flourished. When the 1930s drew to a close, the Filipino film industry was well established, and local movie stars acquired huge followers. </p><p>Some popular movie stars of the pre-WWII era include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Rosales" title="Carmen Rosales">Carmen Rosales</a> (1917–1991)</li> <li>Angel Esmeralda (1915–1985)</li> <li>Ben Rubio (1917–1980)</li> <li>Fely Vallejo (1917–2013)</li> <li>Exequiel Segovia</li> <li>Yolanda Marquez (1920–2009)</li> <li>Teddy Benavides</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Barbeyto" title="Manuel Barbeyto">Manuel Barbeyto</a> (1902–1979)</li> <li>Ernesto la Guardia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogelio_dela_Rosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogelio dela Rosa">Rogelio dela Rosa</a> (1916–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Concepcion" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudy Concepcion">Rudy Concepcion</a> (1915–1940)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Carvajal_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso Carvajal (actor)">Alfonso Carvajal</a></li> <li>Elsa Oria (1916–1995)</li> <li>Rosario Moreno (1916–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Centenera" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrés Centenera">Andrés Centenera</a> (1914–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tita_Duran" title="Tita Duran">Tita Duran</a> (1929–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Sr." title="Fernando Poe Sr.">Fernando Poe</a> (1916–1951)</li> <li>Corazon Noble (1918–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monang_Carvajal" title="Monang Carvajal">Monang Carvajal</a> (1898–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mila_del_Sol" title="Mila del Sol">Mila del Sol</a> (1923–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_del_Rosario" title="Rosa del Rosario">Rosa del Rosario</a> (1917–2006)</li> <li>Ely Ramos (1911–1972)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II_and_Japanese_occupation">World War II and Japanese occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II and Japanese occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines#The_Japanese_Occupation_and_World_War_II_(1941–1945)" title="History of the Philippines">Japanese Occupation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a> was suddenly put to a halt. As was the case in Japan's other colonial and occupied film markets, Japanese film companies took over the local exhibition venues replacing films from the Hollywood and the region with Japanese films for propaganda. Japanese films had been imported into the Philippines since the late 1930s but without great success. Japanese-sponsored film production in the Philippines continued until 1945 but was limited mostly to newsreels and educational films. </p><p>Although the Philippines never became a center for feature film production under the Japanese, it was a strategically important market for Japan. First, unlike Manchuria, where the Japanese literally had to construct a film industry, the Philippines already had many large, well-equipped motion picture theaters that were well-stocked with significant Hollywood product. Many confiscated films were exported back to Japan to train its filmmakers. Production facilities were better in the Philippines than any other market in the Japanese empire with the exception of Shanghai. This was another reason why such Japanese film companies as the Nanyo Film Association (南洋映画協会) and Film Distributors (映画配給者) each established branch offices in Manila in 1942. Further, due to the long period of American influence, the local film community boasted a significant number of people who had worked in Hollywood during the silent era and had considerable experience.<sup id="cite_ref-Baskett_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baskett-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1944, Toho Studios sent director <a href="/wiki/Abe_Yutaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Abe Yutaka">Abe Yutaka</a> to Manila to produce the first of what would be the only two feature films to be entirely shot on location by the Japanese. <i><a href="/wiki/Ano_hata_o_ute" title="Ano hata o ute">Ano hata o ute</a></i> (あの旗を撃て) aka <i>Dawn of Freedom</i> told the story of the Japanese victory at the Battle of Corregidor and the U.S. military's hasty retreat from the islands. The film presented the Japanese as Asian liberators who came to free the Filipinos from decades of colonial oppression that began with the Spanish and continued with the Americans. The film was shot in Japanese, Tagalog, and English and was written for the screen by Tsutomo Sawamura, co-directed by <a href="/wiki/Gerardo_de_Leon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerardo de Leon">Gerardo de Leon</a> (uncredited), and co-starred Fernando Po and Leopold Celecdo. The other Japanese-produced feature film shot in the Philippines was <i>Tatlong Maria</i> (1944).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the <a href="/wiki/Comedy_duo" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedy duo">comedy duo</a> <a href="/wiki/Pugo_and_Togo" title="Pugo and Togo">Pugo and Togo</a>, popular for <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirizing</a> Japanese occupation in the Philippines,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was renamed to <i>Tuguing and Puguing</i> because of Togo name's closeness to <a href="/wiki/Hideki_T%C5%8Dj%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Hideki Tōjō">Tojo</a>, the name of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a> during the early 1940s. However, perhaps out of deference to the substantial local Japanese population, film censors were sensitive to Japanese complaints about negative representations of Japanese in U.S. films screened in the Philippines and aggressively cut scenes depicting Japanese soldiers committing atrocities in <i>Thunder in the Orient</i> (1939) and <i>Fight For Peace</i> (1939) years before Japanese military occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, almost all actors depended only on stage shows on most major Manila movie theaters as livelihood. As a consequence, live theater began to thrive again as movie stars, directors and technicians returned to the stage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postwar_1940s_and_the_1950s:_The_first_golden_age">Postwar 1940s and the 1950s: The first golden age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Postwar 1940s and the 1950s: The first golden age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-war_Cebuano_and_Ilonggo_cinema_and_its_resurgence">Post-war Cebuano and Ilonggo cinema and its resurgence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-war Cebuano and Ilonggo cinema and its resurgence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Cinema of the Philippines">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After the second world war, a resurgence of Visayan films came about through Lapu-Lapu Pictures, which produced <i>Timbu Mata</i> (1948), starring Eva de Villa and Lino Ramas, and <i>Damgo ni Adan</i> (Adan's Dream), produced by Rudy Robles. Then came Mactan Films which produced <i>Tahas</i> (Mission; 1950), starring Luz Celeste and Dakay; Mat Ranillo was in this film. Then <i>Balud</i> (Wave; 1950) which starred Luz Celeste and Mat Ranillo. Another independent picture, <i>Sa Kabukiran</i> (In the Mountains; 1948), was also produced during this time. </p><p>By 1951, Azucena Productions was established by the Arong Family (owners of Rene and Liberty Theaters). They produced <i>Princesa Tirana</i> (Princess Tirana), 1951 with Mat Ranillo and Gloria Sevilla (her first feature title role after she was discovered through a declamation contest at the University of the Visayas) as lead players. Their first feature together made such a box office success in the Visayas and Mindanao that other features immediately followed: <i>Leonora</i> (1951), <i>Pailub Lang</i> (Be Forebearing; 1951), <i>Utlanan</i> (Border; 1952), <i>Handumanan</i> (Memoir; 1953), <i>Inahan</i> (Mother; 1952), starring Mat Ranillo and Caridad Sanchez; <i>Antigan</i> (1952) with Virgie Postigo and Arise Roa; <i>Carmen 1 and 2</i> (from the famous radio drama in Cebu; 1953), <i>Paabuta Lang Ako</i> (Wait for Me; 1953), <i>Gloria Kong Anak</i> (Gloria My Child; 1953), and <i>Gihigugma Kong Ikaw</i> (I Love You; 1954). Mat and Gloria then became synonymous to Visayan pictures, and since then were called as the King and Queen of Visayan Movies. </p><p>In 1953 a film entitled <i>Sangang Nangabali</i> (Broken Branches), produced by Cebu Stars Production broke box-office records in the mid-1950s. Cebu Stars Productions (owned by the Tojong Family) had earlier produced <i>Dimakaling</i> (1952) and <i>Mga Anak Intawon</i> (Oh, Poor Children; 1953). Other independent Visayan films produced at this time were: <i>Mapait Ang Balaod</i> (by Arturo Blanco; 1953), Bugas Mais (Corn Rice; by Arturo Blanco; 1953), <i>Kapintas Sa Kinabuhi</i> (Hard Life; 1953), (Cebu Stars Productions with Esterlina and Rebecca Torres), <i>Pit Senor</i> (Hail Senor) and <i>San Tilmo</i> (1953), (Barba Productions), <i>Ang Siloy</i> (1953) (with Nora Hermosa and Rebecca Torres), <i>Huni sa Gugma</i> (Where Is Love; 1953), <i>Dadansoy</i> (1953) and <i>Inahan</i> (Mother; 1954). </p><p>Mutya and VM Productions (formed by Natalio Bacalso – former Cebu assemblyman) entered <i>Salingsing sa Kasakit</i> (Partner in Pain), directed by Bacalso, in the 1955 FAMAS derby and won the "Best Child Actor Award" for Undo Juezan. These movie outfits also produced some memorable features such as <i>Ungo Sa Parian</i> (Witch In The Parian); Remember Erlinda;Rosita; <i>Politika</i> (Politics); and <i>Mutya sa Saging Tindok</i> (Muse of Saging Tindok). <i>Garbosa</i> (Proud; 1957) and <i>Matam-is Ang Pagpaubos</i> (Too Sweet to Suffer; 1957) were also released during this time. </p><p>Mat ang Gloria finally got married off-screen (in real life) and formed S-R Productions in 1954. The company's initial projects were <i>Paradista</i> (1955) and <i>May Luhang Nahabilin sa Baybayon</i> (A Tear Fell on the Shore; 1955) and even as they moved on to make Tagalog movies in Manila, they still continued producing Visayan films like (It is the Palm That Commands) with <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Elorde" title="Gabriel Elorde">Gabriel Elorde</a> and Edita Clomera; <i>Palad Ta ang Nagbuot Lungsod sa Buenavista</i> (Town of Buenavista; 1969), and <i>Hain ang Langit</i> (Where Is Heaven?; 1969), with Gloria Sevilla and Mat Ranillo and Von Serna – this is Mat's last film. <i>Badlis sa Kinabuhi</i> (The Line of Life; 1969) was entered in the <a href="/wiki/18th_FAMAS_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="18th FAMAS Awards">18th FAMAS Awards</a> and got 12 nominations out of 14 categories. Gloria Sevilla won <a href="/wiki/FAMAS_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="FAMAS Award for Best Actress">Best Actress</a>, Frankie Navaja, Jr. won Best Child Performer, and the late Mat Ranillo got a posthumous award (Mat Ranillo had earlier died in a plane crash in 1969). The film (<i>Badlis</i>) was the Philippine entry to the ASEAN Film Festival in Indonesia, and was showcased under the informative division of the Berlin Film Festival (the film was dubbed in English in Hong Kong and retitled "Destined"). In 1970, <i>Badlis Sa Kinabuhi</i> and <i>Palad Ta Ang Nagbuot</i> were released in their original Visayan versions in Metro Manila and made good at the box office. <i>Ang Bayan</i> (The Country), 1970 was also produced at this time. </p><p>The 1970s saw the emergence of more Visayan talents in the Tagalog film industry. Actresses such as Chanda Romero, Caridad Sanches, Alma Moreno, Tessie Sevilla, Rebecca Torres, Aurora Villa, Eva de Villa, Rosita Fernandez, Virgie Postigo, Virgie Solis, Olivia Solis, Cora Real, Diana Arong, Luz Celeste, Annabelle Rama, Suzette Ranillo, Lady Ramos, Pilar Pilapil, and others stepped into the limelight. Male leads (to name a few) were Bert Nombrado, Ber Lopez, Tony Delgado, Riel Ylaya, Lino Ramas, Arturo Blanco, Arturo de Castille, Frankie Navaja Jr, Tony Cruz, Undo Juezan, Felix de Catalina, Arsie Roa, Warfi Engracia, Kadyo Roma and Romy Kintanar (who is now a sports commentator). Directors Leroy Salvador, Fernando Alfon, Talyo Bacalso, Sat Villarino, Gene Labella, Leox Juesan, Cesar B. Cesar and Emmanuel H. Borlaza also originated from the south. Borlaza directed Alma Bonita (with Chanda Romero and Ernie Garcia) and Paypay Placid (Fan of Placid), Diadem Films, (with Pepito Rodriguez, Lilian Lain, Alice Mendez, and Justo C. Justo). Other films that were produced at this time were Medalyon Nga Bulawan (Medalyon Na Ginto), produced by Annabelle Rama, starring Bert Leroy, Gina Pareno, Jerry Pons, Charlie Davao, Johnny Delgado, Raul Aragon, Alice Mendez, and Yoyoy Villame; (with Nobo Bono, Jr. and Tessie Sevilla); Mayor AndalBatul of Mactan (Battle of Mactan), JRJ Productions, starring Chanda Romero, Eddie Peregrina and Alice Mendez; Anino sa Villa Lagrimas (Shadow of Villa Lagrimas), starring Chanda Romero and Ernie Garcia; Bulawan Sa Lapok (Gold in the Mud), starring Alicia Alonzon, Bert Leroy Jr., Tommy Abuel and Dindo Fernando; Antonio Solitaryo and Mga Milagaro sa Santo Niño (Miracles of Sto. Niño), Magnolia Films both directed by Sol Gaudite; Aliyana, 1974; and Ikaduhang Bathala (Second God), 1974. </p><p>Gloria Sevilla remarried in 1971, and together with her husband Amado Cortez (of the Padilla clan) went on to produce another Visayan film entitled Gimingaw Ako (I Long For You), 1974 (which was shot entirely in Cebu City and directed by Amado Cortez starring Gloria Sevilla, Suzette Ranillo, Bert Nombrado and Inday Nita Cortez). This film won the FAMAS "Best Actress Award" for Gloria Sevilla and "Best Supporting Actress Award" for Suzette Ranillo. <i>Naghila Ako sa Kahilum</i> (Crying Silently) also came about within the year. Other independent productions were: <i>Diego Salvador</i>, 1973; <i>Ang Pagbabalik ni Diego Salvador</i> (The Return of Diego Salvador), 1974 with Von Serna; and Sabrin, 1975 with Chanda Romero and Rebecca Torres. </p><p>Visayan film producers continued trying to revive the Visayan movies in the mid-seventies by filming in the 16mm format and transferring the material to 35mm for theatrical release. Films such as <i>Ang Manok ni San Pedro</i> (St. Peter's Rooster), 1975 and <i>Itlog Manoy Orange</i> (The Orange Egg Vendor), 1976 were originally shot in 16mm. This less costly process, however, did not prevent the Visayan film industry from finally going into a dormant stage. The Tagalog film industry was just at an upswing at this time, prompting Visayan producers to venture into television production instead. </p><p>It was not until 1991 that another Visayan film project was brought to the big screen. <i>Eh Kasi Babae</i> (Because She Is a Woman) starring Pilita Corales, Yoyoy Villame and Manilyn Reynes was produced, then followed by <i>Matud Nila</i> (They Say; 1991) (Bisaya Films, Inc. produced by James R. Cuenco, Jr.). This starred Gloria Sevilla, Mat Ranillo III, Suzette Ranillo, Dandin Ranillo, Juni Ranillo, Pilar Pilapil, Jennifer Sevilla, Mark Gil and Pinky Marquez. Matud Nila also marked the last film directed by Leroy Salvador. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Movie_Museum_of_the_Philippines_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Movie_Museum_of_the_Philippines_2.jpg/230px-Movie_Museum_of_the_Philippines_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Movie_Museum_of_the_Philippines_2.jpg/345px-Movie_Museum_of_the_Philippines_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Movie_Museum_of_the_Philippines_2.jpg/460px-Movie_Museum_of_the_Philippines_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Bundles of 35-mm films of several old movies being kept by the <a href="/wiki/Mowelfund" title="Mowelfund">Mowelfund</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Movie_Museum_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Movie Museum of the Philippines">Movie Museum of the Philippines</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_golden_age_and_contemporary_era_of_Tagalog_cinema">The golden age and contemporary era of Tagalog cinema</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The golden age and contemporary era of Tagalog cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After World War II, the Philippine version of a <a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">war film</a> emerged as a genre. The audience were hungry for films with patriotic themes. Films such as <i>Garrison 13</i> (1946), <i>Dugo ng Bayan</i> (The Country's Blood)<i> (1946), </i>Walang Kamatayan<i> (Deathless)</i> (1946), and <i>Guerilyera</i> (1946), narrated the horrors of the war and the <a href="/wiki/Heroism" class="mw-redirect" title="Heroism">heroism</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">soldiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla">guerrillas</a>. </p><p>The 1950s was labeled as the first golden age of Philippine cinema. Four big production studios (<a href="/wiki/LVN_Pictures" title="LVN Pictures">LVN Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sampaguita_Pictures" title="Sampaguita Pictures">Sampaguita Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Premiere_Productions" title="Premiere Productions">Premiere Productions</a> and Lebran International) were at their peak in filmmaking, employing premier directors like <a href="/wiki/Gerardo_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Gerardo de León">Gerardo de León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Romero" title="Eddie Romero">Eddie Romero</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Gallardo" title="César Gallardo">César Gallardo</a> while contracting the biggest stars of that period. The Filipino film industry was one of the busiest and bustling film communities in Asia, releasing an average of 350 films a year making Philippines second to <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Japan</a> in terms of film productions a year. </p><p>The premier directors of the era were (but not limited to): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Avellana" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamberto Avellana">Lamberto Avellana</a> (1915–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerardo_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Gerardo de León">Gerardo de León</a> (1913–1981)</li> <li>Gregorio Fernández (1904–1973)</li> <li>Consuelo Ateng Padilla Osorio (1907–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Gallardo" title="César Gallardo">César Gallardo</a></li> <li>Armando Garces</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Romero" title="Eddie Romero">Eddie Romero</a> (1924–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirio_Santiago" class="mw-redirect" title="Cirio Santiago">Cirio Santiago</a> (1936–2008)</li></ul> <p>The biggest stars of the era were (but not limited to): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tessie_Agana" title="Tessie Agana">Tessie Agana</a> (b. 1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dely_Atayatayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dely Atayatayan">Dely Atayatayan</a> (1914–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andoy_Balunbalunan" title="Andoy Balunbalunan">Andoy Balunbalunan</a> (1909–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentot" title="Bentot">Bentot</a> (1928–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nida_Blanca" title="Nida Blanca">Nida Blanca</a> (1936–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nena_Cardenas" title="Nena Cardenas">Nena Cardenas</a> (1932–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayani_Casimiro" title="Bayani Casimiro">Bayani Casimiro</a> (1918–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Celerio" title="Levi Celerio">Levi Celerio</a> (1910–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichay" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichay">Chichay</a> (1918–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiquito_(actor)" title="Chiquito (actor)">Chiquito</a> (1932–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Conde" title="Manuel Conde">Manuel Conde</a> (1915–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogelio_de_la_Rosa" title="Rogelio de la Rosa">Rogelio de la Rosa</a> (1916–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_de_la_Rosa" title="Jaime de la Rosa">Jaime de la Rosa</a> (1921–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Gil de León">Gil de León</a> (1919–1992)</li> <li>Van de León (1920–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_de_Villa" title="Nestor de Villa">Nestor de Villa</a> (1928–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_del_Mar" title="Eddie del Mar">Eddie del Mar</a> (1919–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_del_Rosario" title="Rosa del Rosario">Rosa del Rosario</a> (1917–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mila_del_Sol" title="Mila del Sol">Mila del Sol</a> (1923–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauro_Delgado" title="Lauro Delgado">Lauro Delgado</a> (1932–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphy" title="Dolphy">Dolphy</a> (1928–2012)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Estrella" title="Linda Estrella">Linda Estrella</a> (1922–2012)</li> <li>Arsenia Francisco (1923–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garc%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Eddie García">Eddie García</a> (1929–2019)</li> <li>Rita Gómez (1935–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Gonzales" title="Luis Gonzales">Luis Gonzales</a> (1928–2012)</li> <li>Óscar Keese (1918–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Linda" title="Anita Linda">Anita Linda</a> (1924-2020)</li> <li>Vicente Liwanag</li> <li>Lopito (1912–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Mia" title="Rosa Mia">Rosa Mia</a> (1925–2006)</li> <li>Fred Montilla (1919–2003)</li> <li>Oscar Moreno (1921–2003)</li> <li>Óscar Obligación (1924–2010)</li> <li>Bert Olivar (1921–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Padilla,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="José Padilla, Jr.">José Padilla, Jr.</a> (1911–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraluman" title="Paraluman">Paraluman</a> (1923–2009)</li> <li>Patsy (Pachochay) (1916–1979)</li> <li>Fred Peñalosa</li> <li>Ben Pérez (1924–1966)</li> <li>Pugak (1923–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pugo_(comedian)" title="Pugo (comedian)">Pugo</a> (1910–1978)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Ram%C3%ADrez_(actor)" title="César Ramírez (actor)">César Ramírez</a> (1929–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delia_Razon" title="Delia Razon">Delia Razon</a> (b. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efren_Reyes,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Efren Reyes, Sr.">Efren Reyes, Sr.</a> (1924–1968)</li> <li>Johnny Reyes (1922–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_Rodriguez" title="Lolita Rodriguez">Lolita Rodriguez</a> (1935–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Romero_(actress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria Romero (actress)">Gloria Romero</a> (1933–2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Rosal" title="Rosa Rosal">Rosa Rosal</a> (b. 1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Rosales" title="Carmen Rosales">Carmen Rosales</a> (1917–1991)</li> <li>Ben Rubio (1917–1980)</li> <li>Ruben Rustia (1923–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Salazar_(actor)" title="Carlos Salazar (actor)">Carlos Salazar</a> (1933–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Santos,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Santos, Sr.">Tony Santos, Sr.</a> (1920–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charito_Solis" title="Charito Solis">Charito Solis</a> (1935–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo_(comedian)" title="Togo (comedian)">Togo</a> (1905–1952)</li> <li>Tolindoy</li> <li>Tugak (1917–2006)</li> <li>Carol Varga (1930–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Vergel" title="Alicia Vergel">Alicia Vergel</a> (1927–1992)</li> <li>Evelyn Villar</li> <li>Billy "Surot" Vizcarra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaldy_Zshornack" title="Zaldy Zshornack">Zaldy Zshornack</a> (1937–2002)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The four biggest <a href="/wiki/Production_company" title="Production company">production studios</a> produced most of the notable films of Philippine cinema during this era. In 1951, the film <i><a href="/wiki/Roberta_(1951_film)" title="Roberta (1951 film)">Roberta</a></i> of Sampaguita Pictures which featured leading child stars broke box office records, becoming the highest grossing Philippine film at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LVN Pictures, under the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Leon" class="mw-redirect" title="Narcisa de Leon">Doña Sisang de León</a>, not only specialized in super productions, rural comedies and musicals, but also produced socially-relevant films such as Avellana's <i><a href="/wiki/Anak_Dalita" class="mw-redirect" title="Anak Dalita">Anak Dalita</a></i> (1956), Tony Santos's <i><a href="/wiki/Badjao" class="mw-redirect" title="Badjao">Badjao</a></i> (1957) and <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Silos" title="Manuel Silos">Manuel Silos</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Biyaya_ng_Lupa" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyaya ng Lupa">Biyaya ng Lupa</a></i> (1959). Sampaguita Pictures mainly produced high-gloss, glamorous pictures such as <i><a href="/wiki/Maalaala_Mo_Kaya" title="Maalaala Mo Kaya">Maalaala Mo Kaya</a></i> (1954). On the other hand, Premiere Productions released most of the <a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">action films</a> of the decade, such as <i>Sawa sa Lumang Simboryo</i> (1952), <i>Salabusab</i> (1954) and <i>Huwag Mo Akong Limutin</i> (1960). </p><p>High production values on the motion pictures during this era produced movies that gained international acclaim. In 1952, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Conde" title="Manuel Conde">Manuel Conde</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan_(1950_film)" title="Genghis Khan (1950 film)">Genghis Khan</a></i> became the first Asian film to be shown at the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a>, a feat that would not be repeated until the 1970s. Inspired by Conde's picture, Hollywood remade <i>Genghis Khan</i> in 1956 as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conqueror_(1956_film)" title="The Conqueror (1956 film)">The Conqueror</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> as Genghis Khan and produced by RKO Radio Pictures. And also of Columbia Pictures' film "Genghis Khan" in which <a href="/wiki/Omar_Sharif" title="Omar Sharif">Omar Sharif</a> portrayed in the title role in 1965. </p><p>In 1956, <i>Anak Dalita</i> won the Golden Harvest Award (Best Picture) of the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Film_Festival" title="Asia-Pacific Film Festival">Asia-Pacific Film Festival</a>. Actress <a href="/wiki/Lilia_Dizon" title="Lilia Dizon">Lilia Dizon</a>, was presented with the Best Actress Award by the prince of <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Norodom Sihanouk</a>, for the film <i>Kandelerong Pilak</i> in the 1954 Asia-Pacific Film Festival. Leroy Salvador was also recognized in his performance as Best Supporting Actor for the film <i>Huk sa Bagong Pamumuhay</i> (1953) in the same film festival. </p><p>During this era, the first award-giving body was also established in 1950. The <i><a href="/wiki/Maria_Clara_Awards" title="Maria Clara Awards">Maria Clara Awards</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila Times">Manila Times Publishing Corp.</a>, was composed of film publicists and writers who voted for the exemplary achievements of Filipino motion pictures in a calendar year. In 1953, the María Clara folded up to give way to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Academy_of_Movie_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences">Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences</a> (FAMAS), the Philippines' equivalent to the United States' <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> in prestige. </p><p>During this period, Filipinos saw Hollywood's first full-length picture in living <a href="/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a>. Soon after, Filipino local producers started presenting full-length pictures in color despite some technical deficiency, one of which was <i>Prinsipe Amante</i> (Prince Amante). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s">1960s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This era is characterized by rampant <a href="/wiki/Commercialism" title="Commercialism">commercialism</a> with <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Western</a> knock offs, and in the later 1960s, the so-called <i>bomba</i> (<a href="/wiki/Soft_porn" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft porn">soft porn</a>) pictures. It was also the era of <a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">musical films</a> produced mostly by Sampaguita Pictures and their discovered talents. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Studio_system" title="Studio system">studio systems</a> came under siege from the growing <a href="/wiki/Labor_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor movement">labor movement</a>, which resulted in labor-management conflicts. The first studio to close was Lebran followed by Premiere Productions then LVN. Those production studios were replaced by new and independent producers like <a href="/wiki/Regal_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Regal Films">Regal Films</a>, which was established by <a href="/wiki/Lily_Monteverde" title="Lily Monteverde">Lily Monteverde</a> in 1962. </p><p>The decade also saw the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Youth_subculture" title="Youth subculture">youth subculture</a> best represented by <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>. As a result, certain movie genres were made to cater to this trend. Fan movies and teen love team-ups emerged, showing <a href="/wiki/Nora_Aunor" title="Nora Aunor">Nora Aunor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vilma_Santos" title="Vilma Santos">Vilma Santos</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Tirso_Cruz_III" title="Tirso Cruz III">Tirso Cruz III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Mortiz" title="Edgar Mortiz">Edgar Mortiz</a> as their respective screen sweethearts. In addition, movie genres showing disaffection to the <a href="/wiki/Status_quo" title="Status quo">status quo</a> during the era were also popular. Action movies with <a href="/wiki/Pinoy" title="Pinoy">Pinoy</a> <a href="/wiki/Cowboy" title="Cowboy">cowboys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secret_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret agent">secret agents</a> as the movers of the plots depicted a "society ravaged by criminality and corruption".<sup id="cite_ref-film_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another kind of youth revolt, implying rejection of adult corruption, came in the form of movies featuring child stars. Near the end of this decade, another <a href="/wiki/Movie_genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Movie genre">movie genre</a> that embodied a different form of revolt took center stage. <a href="/wiki/Soft_porn" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft porn">Soft porn</a> movies, more popularly known as <i>bomba</i> films, increasingly became popular, and these films were described as a direct challenge to the conventions, norms and conduct of the society. </p><p>Even in the period of decline, several Philippine films that stood out. These include the following films by Gerardo de Leon: </p> <ul><li><i>Huwag Mo Akong Limutin</i> (Never Forget Me) in 1960;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noli_Me_Tangere_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Noli Me Tangere (novel)">Noli Me Tangere</a></i> (Touch Me Not) in 1961;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Filibusterismo" class="mw-redirect" title="El Filibusterismo">El Filibusterismo</a></i> (Subversion) in 1962</li></ul> <p>During this period, Filipino filmmakers were more successful in presenting some full-length pictures in living <a href="/wiki/Eastmancolor" title="Eastmancolor">Eastmancolor</a>, one of which was <i>Ito ang Pilipino</i> by J.E. Production. This movie was produced and starred by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ncaa_14-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncaa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s_to_early_1980s:_Second_Golden_Age">1970s to early 1980s: Second Golden Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1970s to early 1980s: Second Golden Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Touted as the second golden age of Philippine cinema, this was the period of the <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> filmmakers. At the turn of the 70s, local producers and filmmakers ceased to produce pictures in black and white.<sup id="cite_ref-film_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ncaa_14-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncaa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, the Philippines was placed under <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>, and films were used as <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> vehicles. President <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Technocrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Technocrat">technocrats</a> sought to regulate filmmaking through the creation of the <i>Board of Censors for Motion Pictures</i> (BCMP). Prior to the start of filming, a finished script was required to be submitted to the Board and incorporate the "ideology" of the <a href="/wiki/New_Society_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="New Society Movement">New Society Movement</a> such as, a new sense of discipline, uprightness and love of country. Annual festivals were revived, and the <i>Bomba</i> films as well as political movies critical of the Marcos administration were banned.<sup id="cite_ref-film_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Maharlika_(film)" title="Maharlika (film)">Maharlika</a></i> was a 1971 film banned by then-first lady <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a> because it starred actress <a href="/wiki/Dovie_Beams" title="Dovie Beams">Dovie Beams</a>, who was allegedly Ferdinand Marcos' mistress.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The producer of the film was Luis Nepomuceno, son of Filipino filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Jose_Nepomuceno" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Nepomuceno">Jose Nepomuceno</a>. The company that produced the film went bankrupt, as the banned screening prevented them from recouping production costs. In pity, Imelda Marcos offered loans to the company through government banks. However, the bank would then go on to foreclose the film company. </p><p>The film portrayed the story of Ferdinand Marcos' life in the Philippine military. There have been allegations that the film was propaganda intended to portray Marcos as a war hero who fought against the Japanese in World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the film was banned, it was allowed to make its cinematic debut in 1987, after the <a href="/wiki/EDSA_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="EDSA Revolution">EDSA Revolution</a>. </p><p>In spite of the censorship, the exploitation of sex and violence onscreen continued to assert itself. Under martial law, action films usually append an epilogue like claims that social realities depicted had been wiped out with the establishment of the New Society. The notorious genre of sex or <i>bomba</i> films still existed but in a milder, less overt way like female stars swimming in their underwear or taking a bath in their <a href="/wiki/Chemise" title="Chemise">chemise</a>, labeled as the "wet look". An example of the trend was the 1974 hit movie <i><a href="/wiki/Ang_Pinakamagandang_Hayop_sa_Balat_ng_Lupa" title="Ang Pinakamagandang Hayop sa Balat ng Lupa">Ang Pinakamagandang Hayop sa Balat ng Lupa</a></i> (The Most Beautiful Animal on the Face of the Earth) which featured former <a href="/wiki/Miss_Universe" title="Miss Universe">Miss Universe</a> <a href="/wiki/Gloria_D%C3%ADaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria Díaz">Gloria Díaz</a> and filmed in the famed <a href="/wiki/Sicogon_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicogon Island">Sicogon Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Carles,_Iloilo" title="Carles, Iloilo">Carles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iloilo" title="Iloilo">Iloilo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-film_11-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spite of the presence of censorship, this period paved way to the ascendancy of a new breed of directors. Some of the notable films made by these new crop of filmmakers were: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_Bernal" title="Ishmael Bernal">Ishmael Bernal</a> (1938–1996) <ul><li><i>Pagdating sa Dulo</i> (1971)</li> <li><i>Nunal sa Tubig</i> (1975)</li> <li><i>Salawahan</i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manila_by_Night" title="Manila by Night">Manila by Night/City After Dark</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i>Relasyon</i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himala" title="Himala">Himala</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hinugot_sa_Langit" title="Hinugot sa Langit">Hinugot sa Langit</a></i> (1985)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Brocka" title="Lino Brocka">Lino Brocka</a> (1939–1991) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tinimbang_Ka_Ngunit_Kulang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang">Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Claws_of_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="The Claws of Light">Maynila sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Insiang" title="Insiang">Insiang</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ang_Tatay_Kong_Nanay" title="Ang Tatay Kong Nanay">Ang Tatay Kong Nanay</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bona_(film)" title="Bona (film)">Bona</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_My_Country_(film)" title="This Is My Country (film)">Bayan Ko: Kapit sa Patalim</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fight_for_Us" title="Fight for Us">Orapronobis</a></i> (1989)</li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celso_Advento_Castillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Celso Advento Castillo">Celso Ad. Castillo</a> (1943–2012) <ul><li><i>Burlesk Queen</i> (1977)</li> <li><i>Pagputi ng Uwak, Pag-itim ng Tagak</i> (1978)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_de_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike de León">Mike de León</a> (b. 1947) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Itim" title="Itim">Itim</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kakabakaba_Ka_Ba%3F" title="Kakabakaba Ka Ba?">Kakabakaba Ka Ba?</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kisapmata" class="mw-redirect" title="Kisapmata">Kisapmata</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Batch_%2781" title="Batch '81">Batch '81</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sister_Stella_L." title="Sister Stella L.">Sister Stella L.</a></i> (1984)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peque_Gallaga" title="Peque Gallaga">Peque Gallaga</a> (1943–2020) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oro,_Plata,_Mata" title="Oro, Plata, Mata">Oro, Plata, Mata</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_Nights" title="Scorpio Nights">Scorpio Nights</a></i> (1985)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_O%27Hara" title="Mario O'Hara">Mario O'Hara</a> (1946–2012) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatlong_Taong_Walang_Diyos" title="Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos">Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_of_Breakwater" title="Woman of Breakwater">Babae sa Breakwater</a></i> (2003)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>In 1977, Eric de Guia, going by his <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a> <a href="/wiki/Kidlat_Tahimik" title="Kidlat Tahimik">Kidlat Tahimik</a>, made a film entitled <i>Mababangong Bangungot (<a href="/wiki/Perfumed_nightmare" class="mw-redirect" title="Perfumed nightmare">Perfumed Nightmare</a>)</i>, which won the International Critic's Prize in the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Film Festival">Berlin Film Festival</a> that same year. Out of short film festivals sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines">University of the Philippines Film Center</a> and by the <a href="/wiki/Experimental_Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Experimental Cinema of the Philippines">Experimental Cinema of the Philippines</a>, young filmmakers joined Kidlat Tahimik by distancing themselves from the traditions of mainstream cinema. <a href="/wiki/Nick_Deocampo" title="Nick Deocampo">Nick Deocampo</a>’s <i>Oliver</i> (1983) and Raymond Red's <i>Ang Magpakailanman</i> (<i>The Eternal</i>, 1983) have received attention in festivals abroad. </p><p>In 1978, cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Nonoy_Marcelo" title="Nonoy Marcelo">Severino "Nonoy" Marcelo</a> produced an <a href="/wiki/Adult_animation" title="Adult animation">adult animated</a> <a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">historical</a> <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satire</a> based on Marcos' book of the same name, <i><a href="/wiki/Tadhana_(film)" title="Tadhana (film)">Tadhana</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Filipino_cartoon_and_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino cartoon and animation">first-ever Philippine feature-length animated film</a>. It presents a satirical, humorous and poignant view of the Philippines' history of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish colonization</a> through highly original and surreal vignettes fusing art, mythology and music.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally conceived as a <a href="/wiki/Television_pilot" title="Television pilot">television pilot</a>, Marcelo was collaborated with then-senator <a href="/wiki/Imee_Marcos" title="Imee Marcos">Imee Marcos</a> and his uncle <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zabala-Santos" title="José Zabala-Santos">José Zabala-Santos</a> for creating the film and premiered in Philippine television for the anniversary of Martial Law in the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In retrospective years, only a few copies survived and was officially screened at the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_Singapore" title="National Gallery Singapore">National Gallery Singapore</a>’s ‘Painting with Light,’ an annual festival of international films on art.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1981, as mandated by Executive Order No. 640-A, the <a href="/wiki/Film_Academy_of_the_Philippines" title="Film Academy of the Philippines">Film Academy of the Philippines</a> was enacted, serving as the <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_organization" title="Umbrella organization">umbrella organization</a> that oversees the welfare of various guilds of the movie industry and gave recognition to the artistic and technical excellence of the performances of its workers and artists.<sup id="cite_ref-filmacad_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-filmacad-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, <a href="/wiki/Viva_Films" title="Viva Films">Viva Films</a> was established and began its rise as a production company. </p><p>Also in 1981, first lady <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a> organized the first Manila International Film Festival (MIFF). The objective was to promote Filipino films for them to be distributed worldwide. A lavish event took place January 18–29, 1982, major entertainment figures were present including <a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Presley" title="Priscilla Presley">Priscilla Presley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franco_Nero" title="Franco Nero">Franco Nero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooke_Shields" title="Brooke Shields">Brooke Shields</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a>, etc. Local filmmakers saw it as a real opportunity to showcase their talents. The spy comedy spoof <i><a href="/wiki/For_Your_Height_Only" class="mw-redirect" title="For Your Height Only">For Your Height Only</a></i> (1981) turned Ernesto dela Cruz, better known as <a href="/wiki/Weng_Weng" title="Weng Weng">Weng Weng</a>, in a short lived international star and gave him the notoriety to become a unique figure in <a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">cinema</a> being a <a href="/wiki/Short_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Short person">short person</a> who performs death defying stunts.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the event, <i>For Your Height Only</i> outsold every other films on foreign sales, while dela Cruz was the mediatic center of attention and the breakthrough celebrity. Marcos' daughter <a href="/wiki/Imee_Marcos" title="Imee Marcos">Imee</a> said dela Cruz's success shocked and shattered everyone's artistic aspirations. Filipino film historians Teddy Co and Ed Lejano said that in the film industry the Weng Weng image was uncomfortable since at the time they had no other international figures. The film became <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>' highest exported film, and within their acting community dela Cruz's international reach hasn't been topped.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second MIFF took place from January 24-February 4, 1983. 280 local and foreign films were screened out of competition in the 12-day festival while 22 films from 21 countries competed for seven different categories.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the festival's financial success, the festival received criticisms from the Catholic Church, film censors, and civic groups. Cardinal Jaime Sin, Archbishop of Manila, criticized the festival's organizers, Johnny Litton and First Lady Imelda Marcos, for allowing the screening of soft-core pornographic movies in participating theaters.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Board of Review for Motion Pictures and Television Chairman Maria Kalaw-Katigbak also questioned the legality of showing films banned by the board in commercial cinemas. Because of the controversies and public outcry, the succeeding Manila International Film Festivals were permanently canceled. </p><p>Among the Philippines' most political filmmakers was <a href="/wiki/Lino_Brocka" title="Lino Brocka">Lino Brocka</a> (1939–1991). His works such as <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_in_the_Claws_of_Light" title="Manila in the Claws of Light">Manila in the Claws of Light</a></i> (1975) and <i><a href="/wiki/Fight_for_Us" title="Fight for Us">Fight for Us</a></i> (1989) are considered to be some of the greatest films ever made in the Philippines. Though initially fairly neutral on the Marcos regime because of his friendship with <a href="/wiki/Imee_Marcos" title="Imee Marcos">Imee Marcos</a>, President Marcos' daughter who helped sponsor the fundraising premiere of his film <i><a href="/wiki/Insiang" title="Insiang">Insiang</a></i> (1976), he later adopted a more political stance by 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-Capino_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capino-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He contributed in the building of a post-Marcos Philippines and was able to help topple the Marcos dictatorship through his active participation in cultural and social activities. His films told the story of the underclass' struggle, the dark side of a sprawling metropolis and featured poverty-stricken locations which were able to make a statement with regards to the Marcos' autocratic rule and human rights violations. He was also notably part of the group of filmmakers, artists and cultural workers that formed the <i>Free Artist Movement</i> which eventually became the <i>Concerned Artists of the Philippines</i>. This group challenged the censorship practice that the Marcoses imposed on all artistic media. </p><p>During the closing years of martial rule, a number of films defiant of the Marcos <a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">dictatorship</a> were made. Films such as <a href="/wiki/Marilou_Diaz-Abaya" title="Marilou Diaz-Abaya">Marilou Diaz-Abaya</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/Of_the_Flesh" title="Of the Flesh">Karnal</a></i> implicitly depicted this defiance in the film's plot, wherein <a href="/wiki/Patricide" title="Patricide">patricide</a> ended a tyrannical father's domination. In the same year, Mike de Leon's <i><a href="/wiki/Sister_Stella_L." title="Sister Stella L.">Sister Stella L.</a></i>, a film about <a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">oppression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tyranny" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyranny">tyranny</a> was shown on the big screen. In 1985, Lino Brocka's <i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_My_Country" title="This Is My Country">This Is My Country</a></i> depicted images of <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Incarceration" class="mw-redirect" title="Incarceration">incarceration</a>, struggles and oppression.<sup id="cite_ref-film_11-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, the Philippines ranked among the top 10 film-producing countries in the world, with an annual output of more than 300 movies.<sup id="cite_ref-reborn_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reborn-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_1980s_to_1990s">Late 1980s to 1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Late 1980s to 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ; font-size: 85%; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Come to think of it, it's been 90 years, they say, since the first film was shown on these shores, but it seems that the most popular medium of the century has failed to explore the various facets of our lives. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—JC Nigado, writing for the <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i> in July 1987<sup id="cite_ref-MSNigado_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSNigado-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>By the time the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a> deposed <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> from the presidency, most Filipino films were mass-produced with quality sacrificed for commercial success. Filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Ishmael_Bernal" title="Ishmael Bernal">Ishmael Bernal</a> admitted in 1993 that his growing inactivity in filmmaking was because the national economy "went kamikaze since '86. Movie producers have since cut their budgets short, hiring quickie directors to make instant-hit ventures."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cesar_Montano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Cesar_Montano.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="125" data-file-height="178" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Montano" title="Cesar Montano">Cesar Montano</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Storylines were unimaginative and predictable, comedy was <a href="/wiki/Slapstick" title="Slapstick">slapstick</a>, and the acting was either mediocre or overly dramatic. Producers resorted to formulas that worked well in the past that cater to the standards and tastes of the masses,<sup id="cite_ref-curtain_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curtain-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reborn_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reborn-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and story ideas were often copied from Hollywood and Hong Kong films that were successful in local cinemas.<sup id="cite_ref-MSDiaz_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSDiaz-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romantic dramas, broad comedy films and soft pornographic pictures composed the majority of the genre produced, while the action genre became especially prevalent during this period; in 1992, critic Justino Dormiendo observed that "the action flick itself remains as the most abused genre in our time."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In reviewing the acclaimed<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American drama film <i><a href="/wiki/Stand_by_Me_(film)" title="Stand by Me (film)">Stand by Me</a></i>, JC Nigado of the <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i> stated that he was disturbed while viewing the film because "I was hard put trying to figure out what local movie could have approximated it. And it bothered me that I couldn't think of any."<sup id="cite_ref-MSNigado_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSNigado-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:25%; ; font-size: 85%; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Copying has been Philippine cinema's biggest crime even back then. In reality, it already became an art form here. When the Chinese' <a href="/wiki/Kung_fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kung fu">kung fu</a> became trendy here, we became more kung fu and more Chinese. When the cowboy of Americans and Italians became trendy here, we became more <a href="/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James">Jesse James</a> and <a href="/wiki/Django_(1966_film)" title="Django (1966 film)">Django</a>. When <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Rocky" title="Rocky">Rocky</a></i> was released, out sprang our <i>Rocky Tulog</i> and <i>Totoy Bato</i>. For <i><a href="/wiki/Rambo_(franchise)" title="Rambo (franchise)">Rambo</a></i>, our carbon copy is <i>Rambo Tango</i>. Our answer to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">Godfather</a></i> is <i>Ninong</i>. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/Lav_Diaz" title="Lav Diaz">Lav Diaz</a>, writing for the <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i> in May 1988<sup id="cite_ref-MSDiaz_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSDiaz-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>With the imposition of a high <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_tax" title="Entertainment tax">amusement tax</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the number of films annually produced by the industry declined throughout the 1980s,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the number was still more than 200 films a year. Majority of them were <i>pito-pito</i> films, shot in seven to ten days and aimed at quickly recouping their minimal costs. Attendance in theaters rose and several productions became huge successes. New laws were also introduced that gave more rights to women, causing several female directors to launch careers.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aside from competition with Hollywood films,<sup id="cite_ref-bleak_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bleak-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Financial_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Financial Crisis">Asian Financial Crisis</a>, escalating cost of film production, exorbitant taxes, arbitrary and too much film censorship, high-tech film piracy,<sup id="cite_ref-piracy_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-piracy-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and rise of <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable television</a> further contributed for the trimming down of production costs of film outfits that resulted to falling box-office receipts of domestic films, and the eventual precarious state of the local film industry.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, a media conglomerate, <a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN_Corporation" title="ABS-CBN Corporation">ABS-CBN Corporation</a>, ventured into film production when their newly established subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Star_Cinema" title="Star Cinema">Star Cinema</a> produced <i><a href="/wiki/Ronquillo:_Tubong_Cavite,_Laking_Tondo" title="Ronquillo: Tubong Cavite, Laking Tondo">Ronquillo: Tubong Cavite, Laking Tondo</a></i> in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Regal_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Regal Films">Regal Films</a>. Five years later, another television station, <a href="/wiki/GMA_Network" title="GMA Network">GMA Network</a>, started producing films. <a href="/wiki/GMA_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="GMA Films">GMA Films</a> released the critically acclaimed <i><a href="/wiki/Sa_Pusod_ng_Dagat" title="Sa Pusod ng Dagat">Sa Pusod ng Dagat</a></i> , <i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal_(film)" title="José Rizal (film)">Jose Rizal</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Muro-Ami_(film)" title="Muro-Ami (film)">Muro-Ami</a></i>, which attained commercial success.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, the country produced its first ever full-length theatrical animated film, <i><a href="/wiki/Adarna:_The_Mythical_Bird" title="Adarna: The Mythical Bird">Adarna: The Mythical Bird</a></i>, directed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geirry_A._Garccia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geirry A. Garccia (page does not exist)">Geirry A. Garccia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s:_Decline_of_commercial_films_and_emergence_of_Philippine_New_Wave_Cinema">2000s: Decline of commercial films and emergence of Philippine New Wave Cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2000s: Decline of commercial films and emergence of Philippine New Wave Cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Philippine_New_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine New Wave Cinema">Philippine New Wave Cinema</a></div> <p>An economic slump experienced by the film industry in the 2000s led to the near extinction of local action films.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new sense of excitement and trend enveloped the industry with the coming of digital and experimental cinema. Following the winning of the <a href="/wiki/Palme_d%27Or" title="Palme d'Or">Palme d'Or</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> 2000 of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Red&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Red (page does not exist)">Raymond Red</a>'s short film <i>Anino</i> (Shadows),<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 1999 digital feature film <i>Still Lives</i> by Jon Red pioneered this digital revolution; many other digital filmmakers soon followed suit.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cheaper production cost using digital media over film has helped the rebirth of <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">independent filmmaking</a>. Hailed as the inspiration to <a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a> in digital form, this decade saw the proliferation of digital films by independent filmmakers with international reach and caliber, and the introduction of locally produced animated features.<sup id="cite_ref-digital_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digital-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was in 1999 that digital cinema was introduced in the Philippines but by then, the film industry was already dwindling in numbers. But signs of resurgence came by way of movies with inspirational themes. In 2002, <a href="/wiki/Gil_Portes" title="Gil Portes">Gil Portes</a> released <i><a href="/wiki/Mga_Munting_Tinig" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Munting Tinig">Mga Munting Tinig</a> (</i>Small Voices<i>)</i>, a subdued movie about a teacher who inspired her students to follow their dreams; the movie also implied improving the country's education system. A year later, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Meily" title="Mark Meily">Mark Meily</a>'s comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Crying_Ladies" title="Crying Ladies">Crying Ladies</a></i>, about three Filipinas working as professional mourners in Manila's <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinatown, Manila">Chinatown</a> but looking for other ways to earn a living, became a huge hit. Also that same year, <a href="/wiki/Maryo_J._de_los_Reyes" title="Maryo J. de los Reyes">Maryo J. de los Reyes</a> made a buzz at various film festivals with <i><a href="/wiki/Magnifico_(film)" title="Magnifico (film)">Magnifico</a></i>, a simple film with universal appeal about a boy trying to help his family survive their hardships.<sup id="cite_ref-reborn_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reborn-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, the film industry saw the lowest number of films produced with only 50 films that were commercially released. However, the establishment of film festivals <a href="/wiki/Cinemalaya_Philippine_Independent_Film_Festival" title="Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Film Festival">Cinemalaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cinema_One_Originals" title="Cinema One Originals">Cinema One Originals</a> which are dedicated to digital films, the addition of <i>Digital Lokal</i>, a digital section, at the <a href="/wiki/Cinemanila_International_Film_Festival" title="Cinemanila International Film Festival">Cinemanila International Film Festival</a>, and the second offering of the .MOV International Digital Film Festival helped save the Philippine Film industry. By 2006 and 2007, more Filipino filmmakers started making movies using digital media.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Filipino digital films, made in almost no time and with meager budget, were strongly represented in international film festivals,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="Berlin International Film Festival">Berlin</a>, Cannes, Venice, Vienna and <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_International_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotterdam International Film Festival">Rotterdam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-digital_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digital-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with several winning prizes and awards.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the more prominent winners were <i><a href="/wiki/Ang_Pagdadalaga_ni_Maximo_Oliveros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ang Pagdadalaga ni Maximo Oliveros">Ang Pagdadalaga ni Maximo Oliveros</a></i> (2005) by <a href="/wiki/Auraeus_Solito" title="Auraeus Solito">Auraeus Solito</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kubrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubrador">Kubrador</a></i> (2006) by <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Jeturian" title="Jeffrey Jeturian">Jeffrey Jeturian</a>, <i>Todo Todo Teros</i> (2006) by <a href="/wiki/John_Torres" title="John Torres">John Torres</a>, <i>Endo</i> (2007) by <a href="/wiki/Jade_Castro" title="Jade Castro">Jade Castro</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tribu_(2007_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribu (2007 film)">Tribu</a></i> (2007) by Jim Libiran. </p><p>In December 2009, a House Bill authored by <a href="/wiki/Buhay_Party-List" title="Buhay Party-List">Buhay Party-List</a> Representative <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Tieng" class="mw-redirect" title="Irwin Tieng">Irwin Tieng</a> reducing the <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_tax" title="Entertainment tax">amusement tax</a> imposed on local films from 30% to 10%<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was signed into law as Republic Act 9640,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> culminating more than two decades of attempts to lower the film tax.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2010 saw the release of an eponymous documentary film, <i>Philippine New Wave: This Is Not a Film Movement</i>, which documented the rise of internationally acclaimed digital filmmakers from the Philippines, and widely popularized the description of this era as the "<a href="/wiki/Philippine_New_Wave" title="Philippine New Wave">Philippine New Wave</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s:_Box_office_resurgence">2010s: Box office resurgence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2010s: Box office resurgence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2011 is the most fruitful year in Philippine Cinema history as 3 films produced within the year (all from <a href="/wiki/Star_Cinema" title="Star Cinema">Star Cinema</a>) landed in the top 3 of the highest grossing Filipino films of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wenn_V._Deramas" title="Wenn V. Deramas">Wenn Deramas</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Unkabogable_Praybeyt_Benjamin" title="The Unkabogable Praybeyt Benjamin">The Unkabogable Praybeyt Benjamin</a></i> grossed ₱331.6 million in box office and became the highest grossing local film in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/No_Other_Woman" title="No Other Woman">No Other Woman</a></i> grossed ₱278.39 million while 2011 <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="Metro Manila Film Festival">Metro Manila Film Festival ("MMFF")</a> entry <i><a href="/wiki/Enteng_Ng_Ina_Mo" class="mw-redirect" title="Enteng Ng Ina Mo">Enteng Ng Ina Mo</a></i>, has a gross income of ₱237.89 million (as of January 7, 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) and considered the highest-grossing MMFF entry of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <i><a href="/wiki/Sisterakas" title="Sisterakas">Sisterakas</a></i> , a <a href="/wiki/Kris_Aquino" title="Kris Aquino">Kris Aquino</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ai_Ai_delas_Alas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ai Ai delas Alas">Ai Ai delas Alas</a>-Vice Ganda movie, replaced the title of <i>Enteng ng Ina Mo</i> and <i>the Unkabogable Praybeyt Benjamin</i> as it became the highest grossing Filipino film and highest grossing MMFF entry of all time. </p><p>In 2013, <i><a href="/wiki/It_Takes_a_Man_and_a_Woman" title="It Takes a Man and a Woman">It Takes a Man and a Woman</a></i>, the third film of the <i><a href="/wiki/A_Very_Special_Love" title="A Very Special Love">A Very Special Love</a></i> series of <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Geronimo" title="Sarah Geronimo">Sarah Geronimo</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_Cruz" title="John Lloyd Cruz">John Lloyd Cruz</a>, made many box office records, one of which is being the current <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_highest-grossing_Philippine_movies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the highest-grossing Philippine movies">"Highest Grossing Filipino Film of All Time"</a>, replacing <i>Sisterakas</i>. It made ₱375,024,507 during its theatrical run in the Philippines and ₱211,573,332 overseas, for a total of ₱586,597,839 worldwide until Vice Ganda's <i><a href="/wiki/Girl,_Boy,_Bakla,_Tomboy" title="Girl, Boy, Bakla, Tomboy">Girl, Boy, Bakla, Tomboy</a></i> and Kris Aquino's <i><a href="/wiki/My_Little_Bossings" title="My Little Bossings">My Little Bossings</a></i> (both are MMFF entries) surpassed their local box-office record and battle for the first spot .<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Praybeyt_Benjamin" title="The Amazing Praybeyt Benjamin">The Amazing Praybeyt Benjamin</a></i>, another Vice Ganda film, breaks his own record again with an estimated gross of ₱450,000,000.00.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the sequel of Kris Aquino's <i><a href="/wiki/Feng_Shui_2" title="Feng Shui 2">Feng Shui series</a></i> is the highest grossing Filipino horror film.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, a new box-office breaking record has been set as <i><a href="/wiki/A_Second_Chance_(2015_film)" title="A Second Chance (2015 film)">A Second Chance</a></i>, the sequel of <a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_Cruz" title="John Lloyd Cruz">John Lloyd Cruz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bea_Alonzo" title="Bea Alonzo">Bea Alonzo</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/One_More_Chance_(2007_film)" title="One More Chance (2007 film)">One More Chance</a></i> earns PHP 556,000,000 worldwide surpassing Phenomenal Box-Office Star Vice Ganda's <i>The Amazing Praybeyt Benjamin</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is surpassed again by a Star Cinema, Viva Films-produced film <i><a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Bestie" title="Beauty and the Bestie">Beauty and the Bestie</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> still starred by the "Phenomenal Box-Office Star" Vice Ganda. </p><p>The mid 2010s also saw broader commercial success of films produced by independent studios, with <a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Jadaone" title="Antoinette Jadaone">Antoinette Jadaone</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cinema_One_Originals_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema One Originals Film Festival">Cinema One Originals Film Festival</a> entry <i><a href="/wiki/That_Thing_Called_Tadhana" title="That Thing Called Tadhana">That Thing Called Tadhana</a></i> achieving commercial success upon its commercial release in 2015, becoming the highest grossing <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">independently produced</a> Filipino film of all time in under 3 weeks despite facing <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">piracy</a> issues online during its run.<sup id="cite_ref-TadhanaABSCBN20150303_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TadhanaABSCBN20150303-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TadhanaABSCBN20150220_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TadhanaABSCBN20150220-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>September 2015 saw the release of <a href="/wiki/Jerrold_Tarog" title="Jerrold Tarog">Jerrold Tarog</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Heneral_Luna" title="Heneral Luna">Heneral Luna</a></i>, a 2015 <a href="/wiki/Historical_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical film">historical</a> <a href="/wiki/Biopic_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Biopic film">biopic film</a> depicting General <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Luna" title="Antonio Luna">Antonio Luna</a>'s leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolutionary_Army" title="Philippine Revolutionary Army">Philippine Revolutionary Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a>, produced by an independent outfit called Artikulo Uno Productions. Because it was independently produced, Heneral Luna initially fell prey to the commercial theater practice of dropping films after only a few screening days on the first week. But praise from critics and audiences alike, praising the film's writing, plot, acting, and cinematography resulted in a word of mouth campaign to bring the movie back to theaters.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, <i>Heneral Luna</i> become the highest grossing Filipino historical film of all time on its third week in cinemas.<sup id="cite_ref-160Mkickerdaily_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160Mkickerdaily-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160Mabscbn_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160Mabscbn-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar word of mouth campaigns would allow critically acclaimed films like <a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Jadaone" title="Antoinette Jadaone">Antoinette Jadaone</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/That_Thing_Called_Tadhana" title="That Thing Called Tadhana">That Thing Called Tadhana</a></i> (commercially released in 2015)<sup id="cite_ref-TadhanaABSCBN20150303_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TadhanaABSCBN20150303-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TadhanaABSCBN20150220_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TadhanaABSCBN20150220-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and JP Habac's <i><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Drunk,_I_Love_You" title="I'm Drunk, I Love You">I'm Drunk, I Love You</a></i> (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-IDILY20170222_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDILY20170222-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SAVEIDILY_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAVEIDILY-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to achieve broad commercial success even if they did not benefit from the large promotional budget and television cross-promotion enjoyed by commercial studio films.<sup id="cite_ref-TadhanaABSCBN20150303_90-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TadhanaABSCBN20150303-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TadhanaABSCBN20150220_91-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TadhanaABSCBN20150220-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IDILY20170222_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDILY20170222-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SAVEIDILY_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAVEIDILY-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020s:_Centennial_year_of_Philippine_cinema_and_onward">2020s: Centennial year of Philippine cinema and onward</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2020s: Centennial year of Philippine cinema and onward"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 12, 2019, the film industry celebrated the 100th anniversary of Philippine cinema, in pursuant to Presidential Proclamation 622, S. 2018, which declares the same day up until September 11, 2020, as Philippine Cinema's Centennial Year.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> had an enormously negative effect on the film industry.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to producer Josabeth Alonso, nearly every local film released in 2022 was not able to earn more than ₱10 million in grosses.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the resulting lack of foreign films in Southeast Asia in the early 2020s caused a major shift in the local distribution market that has yet to return to pre-pandemic status.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Censorship">Censorship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Censorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_the_Americans_and_the_Early_Philippine_Republic">Under the Americans and the Early Philippine Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Under the Americans and the Early Philippine Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Censorship in the Philippines truly began under the reign of the Spaniards, who prohibited works that were deemed revolutionary. While they prohibited literary, musical, and visual forms of art, film censorship was included in the picture upon the American colonization. </p><p>When the Americans took over after the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> in 1898, a brief stint of Philippine cultural freedom after independence from Spain was halted. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_MacArthur_Jr." title="Arthur MacArthur Jr.">General Arthur MacArthur's</a> military censorship focused on repressing nationalism, along with the <a href="/wiki/Flag_Act_(Philippines)" title="Flag Act (Philippines)">Flag Act</a> of 1907. Because film in itself was only beginning to form at the time, motion pictures brought to the Philippines were tame, and film was not yet seen as an avenue for social and cultural subversion. </p><p>In 1929, the Philippine Legislature creates Act. No. 3582, titled "An Act to Create a Board of Censorship for Moving Pictures and Define Its Functions". The board consisted of 15 members that sought <i>"to examine all films, spoken or silent, imported or produced in the Philippine Islands, and prohibit the introduction and exhibition in this country of films, which in their judgement are immoral or contrary to law and good customs or injurious to the prestige of the Government of people of the Philippine Islands".</i> In 1930, The first meeting of the board was conducted in the office of then Secretary of the Interior Honoro Ventura, and the first president of the board was <a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Kalaw" title="Teodoro Kalaw">Teodoro M. Kalaw</a>. Out of the 1,249 films approved, 6 had parts cut out. Two films were banned. </p><p>In 1937 the film <i>Batang Tulisan</i>, directed by <a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Avlas" class="extiw" title="tl:Rod Avlas">Rod Avlas</a> and produced by Philippine Films was set to be released, and controversies arose regarding its sudden ban. The cost of production totaled 16,000 Pesos, and the film 2 and a half months to complete. Four reasons were stated as to why it was pulled-out: Three are aspects of the movie: the priest portrayed in a villainous light, the use of a hypodermic needle as a murder weapon, the amorous scenes between a 10-year-old couple, and the fact that <i>"[the film] might give [the] youth certain subversive ideas".</i> The production crew argued that this was an example of foreign films being given more lenience, despite being as bad (or sometimes, worse) than local cinema. The novel adaptation of <i>Batang Tulisan</i> which was published in <i><a href="/wiki/Liwayway" title="Liwayway">Liwayway</a></i> Magazine, in contrast, was not met with the same negative criticism. </p><p>In 1938, the Board of Censorship was renamed the Board of Review for Moving Pictures, enabled by the amendment of the law by Commonwealth Act No. 305. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Eiga_Heikusa:_Under_Japanese_rule">The Eiga Heikusa: Under Japanese rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The Eiga Heikusa: Under Japanese rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1942, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="Japanese occupation of the Philippines">Japanese occupation of the Philippines</a> led to what was arguably the strictest period of censorship the country has faced. The <i>Eiga Heikusa</i> was established to act as a Board of Censors, and introduced Japanese films with American subtitles. In light of Japan's desire to convert the Philippines into a willing member of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a>, printed matter, radio shows, theater plays, and visual art were heavily monitored, leading to the hiatus of production for Philippine cinema until 1945. As a result, the country saw an increase in theatrical productions. Screen actors such as <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Rosales" title="Carmen Rosales">Carmen Rosales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rogelio_de_la_Rosa" title="Rogelio de la Rosa">Rogelio de la Rosa</a>, Norma Blancaflor, Ely Ramos, Elsa Oria, <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Salcedo" title="Leopoldo Salcedo">Leopoldo Salcedo</a>, and Ester Magalona, took to the <i>entablado</i> and were received well. Theaters showed <i><a href="/wiki/Bodabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodabil">bodabil</a></i> (a malapropism of <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">Vaudeville</a>) shows where actors would perform a special number upon knowing that they were to be raided by the <i><a href="/wiki/Kenpeitai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenpeitai">Kempei Tai</a></i>, signaling the viewers to flee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_censorship">Post-war censorship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Post-war censorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Independence and the regime of then President <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a> saw the creation of a new Board of Reviews for Moving Pictures, led by Marciano Roque, who would also become Executive Secretary under President <a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Quirino</a>. In months, the board reviewed 76 films, with only 5 being locally made. Due to the non-confirmation by the <a href="/wiki/First_Congress_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="First Congress of the Philippines">Congress</a> of all 10 members of the board, it was reconstituted on October 29, 1946, with its 7 official members. The newly appointed chairman was Dr. Gabriel Mañalac, and the secretary was Teodoro Valencia. The board had grown to 12 members by 1947, having reviewed a total of 463 films for the year. 435 were foreign, and 28 were locally produced. By the time, the Philippines had 463 officially recorded theaters, with 71 of them being in Manila. <i>Ako Raw ay Huk</i> (Dir. <a href="/wiki/Ramon_A._Estella" title="Ramon A. Estella">Ramon Estrella</a>) is one of the films that was banned at the time, due to allegations of it promoting communism. </p><p>In 1950, a Code of Motion Picture Censorship was instilled, further identifying what aspects were considered censorable. Scenes that depict drunkenness as attractive, scenes that depict drug trafficking, and scenes that deal with sex and surgical subjects "when shown to selected groups" are some examples of scenes that were put under review. Foreign films banned at the time include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_Is_Blue_(film)" title="The Moon Is Blue (film)">The Moon Is Blue</a></i> (Dir. <a href="/wiki/Otto_Preminger" title="Otto Preminger">Otto Preminger</a>) in 1954, and <i><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_(1953_film)" title="Martin Luther (1953 film)">Martin Luther</a></i> (Dir. <a href="/wiki/Irving_Pichel" title="Irving Pichel">Irving Pichel</a>) in 1953. <i>Perlas ng Silangan</i> (Dir. Pablo Santiago) was screened without edits, which spiked a protest from the Provincial Board of Sulu, claiming that it misrepresented <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> culture. </p><p>The Citizens Council for Better Motion Pictures was established by in 1960, as a response to a "grave concern over the general disappearance of the cherished virtues and traditions of the Christian way of life, the alarming increase in juvenile delinquency, and the deterioration of public and private morals". In 1961, they lobbied for what is presently known as the Censorship Law (Republic Act No. 3060), which was approved on June 17, 1961. The law created an Appeals Committee, composed of the undersecretaries of justice, national defense, and education. This committee could revoke the decisions of the Board of Censors. Independent from the CCBMP, the still standing Board of Censors had grown to 24 members, and could now establish a system of classification which consisted of two categories: "for general patronage". and "for adults only". Jose L. Guevara was appointed by President <a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a> as the new chairperson in 1962, and the board members appointed by President <a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Carlos P. Garcia</a> were removed, on account of their positions being "midnight" extensions. </p><p>In 1962, the board lifted the ban on mouth-to-mouth kissing, so long as it was deemed non-lascivious. In 1963 and after a long-pleaded appeal from the public, the board bans films that heavily play up violence and crime. <i>Ang Manananggol Ni Ruben</i> (Dir. <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garcia" title="Eddie Garcia">Eddie Garcia</a>) was a 1963 film heavily based on the story of <a href="/wiki/Ruben_Ablaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruben Ablaza">Ruben Ablaza</a>, who was convicted for the rape of <a href="/wiki/Annabelle_Huggins" title="Annabelle Huggins">Annabelle Huggins</a>. The film was initially approved and quickly banned in September, but was screened again in December after being renamed to <i>Ang Manananggol.</i> </p><p>In 1965, <i>Iginuhit ng Tadhana</i> (Dir. <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Villa" title="José de Villa">Jose de Villa</a>) is released, and is arguably one of the most controversial films to come out of Philippine cinema, in that it was able to set the tone of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a>’ entire presidential campaign. The movie, which chronicled the life of Marcos, had reached the realm of politics, ultimately leading the appointment of Marcos to presidency. In August 1965, the film was approved without change, but its premiere in September was halted on the time of the premiere itself. An <i><a href="/wiki/En_banc" title="En banc">en banc</a></i> of the film was requested by then acting chairman Rosalina Castro, raising much suspicion from the press and the <a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalistas</a>. Days after, then chairman Jose L. Guevara resigned from his spot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bomba_films">Bomba films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bomba films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1967 onwards saw a relaxing of rules by the Board of Censorship, who started allowing more nudity and explicit sex. This led to the rise of commercial, pornographic <i>bomba</i> (taken from the term "bombshell", which normally included a scandal in Political public office) films, which persisted despite heavy criticism from Catholic groups. These films usually depicted outright nudity and sexual scenes, cut portions from previously banned films, or the entire prohibited films themselves. </p><p>The rise of <i>bomba</i> films was attributed to the fact that movies tackled more adult, realistic themes. The ideal of a "true Filipino" was introduced. These films also brought in a new audience for Philippine film; the usual filmgoers, the teenagers who saw the films as "hip", and the youth, who used these films as a means for their own sexual awakenings, the educated, collegiate, and the working-class crowd. On another side, the larger audience of these films were the male devotees, who came to see the sex scenes and left as soon as the last one finished airing. Some films from this era include <i>Ang Saging ni Pacing, Dayukdok</i> (Dir. Luis San Juan; the movie was only approved by the board upon being renamed to <i>Ang Magsasaing ni Pacing), Ang Batuta ni Drakula</i> (Dir. Luis San Juan)<i>, Gutom</i> (Dir. <a href="/wiki/Danny_Zialcita" title="Danny Zialcita">Danny Zialcita</a>)<i>, Sabik</i> (Dir. Angelito de Guzman)<i>, Laman sa Laman</i> (Dirs. Lauro Pacheco, Jose Sibal)<i>,</i> and <i>Hayok</i> (Dir. Ruben Abalos) among many other titles. </p><p>While the non-ban of these kinds of films led to the liquidation of censorship committees for most countries, this was not the case for the Philippines, likely due to the demand in box office. On February 22, 1970, the theaters <i>Pablace</i> and <i>Mayfair</i> are picketed by protesters who went against <i>bomba</i> movies. In 1972, the Board begins its anti-sex policy, which was backed by the general public who deemed the films as "attributing to the upsurge of crimes by minors and loose morality of youth". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_martial_law_era">The martial law era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: The martial law era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="List of films about martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">List of films about martial law under Ferdinand Marcos</a></div> <p>Film censorship under the martial law dictatorship was undertaken as part of the stifling of free expression and civil rights, during which artists, journalists, activists, and members of the opposition were under threats of sanctions or arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the administration of Ferdinand Marcos and the declaration of <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_the_Philippines" title="Martial law in the Philippines">Martial Law</a> in 1972, policing films had been a matter which only went as far as censorship and the non-distribution of movies in the country. The Board of Censorship then had no right to take legal action against any film, director, actor, producing company, or theater that had violated any of its mandates. Cases like these were to be brought up to the local government, who had jurisdiction over legal matters. </p><p>On September 27, 1972, Marcos issued Letter of Instructions No. 13, which he claimed would "uphold morality in the youth". However, the ban was instead used to stifle dissent and to maintain the <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos%27s_cult_of_personality#Control_of_mass_media" title="Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality">propaganda of the government at the time</a>. Among the films banned were <i>Hubad na Bayani</i> (1977), <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_by_Night" title="Manila by Night">Manila by Night</a></i> (1980), <i>Bayan Ko: Kapit sa Patalim</i> (1984), among many others.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letter stated 7 kinds of films that were not to be exhibited in any local theater: </p> <ol><li><i>Films which tend to incite subversion, insurrection or rebellion against the State;</i></li> <li><i> Films which tend to undermine the faith and confidence of the people in their government and/or duly constituted authorities;</i></li> <li><i> Films which glorify criminals or condone crimes;</i></li> <li><i> Films which serve no other purpose but to satisfy the market for violence or pornography;</i></li> <li><i> Films which offend any race or religion;</i></li> <li><i> Films which tend to abet the traffic in and use of prohibited drugs;</i></li> <li><i> Films contrary to law, public order, morals, good customs, established policies, lawful orders, decrees or edicts; and any or all films which in the judgment of the Board are similarly objectionable and contrary to the letter and spirit of Proclamation No. 1081.</i></li></ol> <p>What made this proclamation different from those appointed by the board was that the government now had jurisdiction over bodies that were at fault. It was proclaimed in coordination with the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Department of National Defense (Philippines)">Department of National Defense</a>. In fear of legal action and prosecution, the board tightened their rules, banning 148 imported movies and 50 local movies which displayed negative acts. Films were expected to uphold objectives of the <a href="/wiki/The_New_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Society">New Society</a> through upholding moral values and ensuring that the ideologies shown did not subvert the peace of the nation and the mind. </p><p>Aside from the Letter of Instructions, the board had assumed three more rights apart from the right to cut scenes from movies: the right to (1) encourage, (2) warn, and (3) be consulted. Taking from the <a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Censors</a>, the board started requiring submission of the full script of a movie before it was slated to begin production. This allows the board to warn the producers of possible issues within the script. Due to this, there have been fewer portions cut out of local movies, with 163 of 173 films being approved for general audiences from September 21, 1972, to September 21, 1973. This also resulted in longer, more sophisticated films that wasted less shooting time and production cost. The divide between the government and filmmakers (and in result, the viewing public) became smaller as national responsibility was imbibed in the art of filmmaking in itself. </p><p>Filmmakers and other artists protested censorship and the suppression of civil rights.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, Lino Brocka and other artists organized protests against "arbitrary, senseless censorship" in 1983. They organized the Free the Artist movement, which led to the founding of the Concerned Artists of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1985, <a href="/wiki/Imee_Marcos" title="Imee Marcos">Imee Marcos</a>' <a href="/wiki/Experimental_Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Experimental Cinema of the Philippines">Experimental Cinema of the Philippines</a> re-released <i>City After Dark</i> in its original title, <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_by_Night" title="Manila by Night">Manila by Night</a></i>, at the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Film_Center" title="Manila Film Center">Manila Film Center</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movie_and_Television_Review_and_Classification_Board">Movie and Television Review and Classification Board</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Movie and Television Review and Classification Board"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 5, 1985, Executive Order No. 876-A was created to reformat the Board of Review for Motion Pictures, leading to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Movie_and_Television_Review_and_Classification_Board" title="Movie and Television Review and Classification Board">Movie and Television Review and Classification Board</a> (MTRCB). The board was created only for the purpose of classifying cinematic films and television shows. The board holds 30 members at any given time, with the first chairman after the Executive Order being <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Morato" title="Manuel Morato">Manuel "Manoling" Morato</a>, who took office in 1986. </p><p>The board classifies movies into 6 categories, listed below: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>G</b> </td> <td>Viewers of all ages are admitted. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>PG</b> </td> <td>Viewers below 13 years old must be accompanied by a parent or supervising adult. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>R-13</b> </td> <td>Only viewers who are 13 years old and above can be admitted. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>R-16</b> </td> <td>Only viewers who are 16 years old and above can be admitted. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>R-18</b> </td> <td>Only viewers who are 18 years old and above can be admitted. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>X</b> </td> <td>"X-rated" films are not suitable for public exhibition. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_directors">Notable directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notable directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although foreign films were shown in the Philippines since the Spanish period, interest in the creation of local films was not given much attention by the Filipinos. However, the advent of Hollywood films during the American period sparked the interest of Filipinos and eventually led to the boom of filmmakers in the country. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Nepomuceno" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Nepomuceno">Jose Nepomuceno</a> is known as the Father of Philippine Movies, and is considered one of the pioneers of Filipino cinema. His first movie entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Dalagang_Bukid" title="Dalagang Bukid">Dalagang Bukid</a></i> (1919), a stage play turned movie, is the first movie produced by a Filipino filmmaker. Along with his brother Jesus, they founded the film company <i>Malayan Movies</i> which later produced over a hundred movies. Some of the titles include <i>La Venganza de Don Silvestre</i> (1920), <i><a href="/wiki/La_Mariposa_Negra" title="La Mariposa Negra">La Mariposa Negra</a></i> (1920), and <i>El Capullo Marchito</i> (1921) among others.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Brocka" title="Lino Brocka">Lino Brocka</a> was a prominent Filipino director who received fame in the 1970s. Growing up, he gained interest in American film which led him to pursue a career in the film industry. Most of Brocka's films revolve around the issues faced by the common Filipino such as poverty, discrimination, and politics. He is also known to be anti-Marcos and created films to protest against Martial Law. Some of his films include <i>Ora Pro Nobis</i> (1989) and <i><a href="/wiki/Gumapang_Ka_Sa_Lusak" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumapang Ka Sa Lusak">Gumapang Ka Sa Lusak</a></i> (1990) among others. He is a recipient of five Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS) best director in 1970, 1974, 1975, 1979, and 1990.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilou_Diaz-Abaya" title="Marilou Diaz-Abaya">Marilou Diaz-Abaya</a> was a multi-awarded film and TV producer and director who gained fame for her film <i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal_(film)" title="José Rizal (film)">Jose Rizal</a></i> (1998). This film also earned her a Best Director Award from the <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="Metro Manila Film Festival">Metro Manila Film Festival</a>. Diaz-Abaya claimed that she used her films and shows as a way to promote social issues in the Philippines, such as the state of the country's democracy. Some of these films include <i>Brutal, Karnal</i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Ipaglaban_Mo!" title="Ipaglaban Mo!">Ipaglaban Mo.</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_categories">Notable categories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notable categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_Filipino_cinema">Independent Filipino cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Independent Filipino cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Independent Filipino cinema has existed for almost as long as commercialized cinema, but this type of cinema has not been recognized as much, and thus has few historical accounts. Many of the independent films show actual happenings in the society using authentic voices of the people, but oftentimes, these films have been suppressed due to its revelations about social and political realities or marginalized due to its cinematography. These films also sometimes offer valuable historical content. </p><p>In its early beginnings, alternative cinemas were documentaries about the Philippines. Jose Nepomuceno was first commissioned to make documentaries about the richest industries in the Philippines, and his most famous one was about the hemp industry. Other alternative films made during 1920–1955 include Old Manila, Tres Sangganos, Intramuros, Jose Rizal, March of the Time Series: The Philippines, and Woodcarving in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Documentary Film/Independent Film </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Produced by </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Dalagang Bukid</i> </td> <td>1919 </td> <td>Nepumuceno Brothers </td> <td>Representations and images of the Americans in the Nepumuceno brothers' perspective after they have anchored themselves in the country. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Tres Sangganos</i> </td> <td>1920s </td> <td>Manuel Silos </td> <td>A short film in 16 millimeters. First feature film of Manuel Silos which had three parts. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boxing match between Pancho Villa and Clever Sencio </td> <td>1925 </td> <td>Orient Pictures Corporation (partly owned by Joaquin Pardo de Vera) </td> <td>It was the first ever boxing match held in the Philippines. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Jose Rizal</i> </td> <td>1939 </td> <td>Ramon Estella </td> <td>Biopic </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>All of the films above were destroyed during World War II. However, in the film archives in Washington DC, only the old film titled <i>March of Time Series: The Philippines</i> by Louis de Rochemont survived.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Film making halted during the Japanese occupation however, some documentaries and newsreels were made such as <i>Laurel Review His Troops (1943), First Session of the National Assembly (1943), New Cabinet Organized (1943),</i> and <i>What Do You Think? (1943).</i> </p><p>The 1950s to 1970s saw the rise of the First Independent Film Movement when the production of short films had a substantial increase, and these short films were garnering awards locally and internationally. Furthermore, several film organizations were formed during this time such as the Film Institute of the Philippines, Film Society of the Philippines. Some of the alternative films produced during this time include <i>El Legado</i>, <i>Soul of a Fortress</i>, <i>Mangandingay: A Place of Happiness</i>, <i>The Wall</i>, <a href="/wiki/Perfumed_Nightmare" title="Perfumed Nightmare"><i>Mababangong Bangungot</i></a>, <i>Masinloc</i>, and <i>The Survivor</i>. </p><p>The 1970s to 1980s saw the rise of the Second Independent Film Movement where the films produced contained more of the personal creativity of the filmmakers, and films became more ideological. </p><p>Independent films became highly politicized in the 1980s with the Marcos dictatorship and the People Power Revolution. The filmmakers of that time sought to innovate ways of expression for their political films as they deal with social reality. Some of the famous independent films of that time include <i>Ang Magpakailanman</i>, <i>Children of the Regime</i>, <i>Revolutions Happen like Refrains in a Song</i>, <i>A Legacy of Violence</i>, <i>And Rain Fell in July, Sugat sa Ugat</i>, <i>The Arrogance of Power</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Signos_(film)" title="Signos (film)">Signos</a></i>, <i>Kalawang</i>, <i>Sa Maynila</i>, <i>Ynang Bayan: To be a Woman is to Live at a Time of War</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Why_Is_Yellow_the_Middle_of_the_Rainbow%3F" title="Why Is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow?">Why is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Perfumed_Nightmare" title="Perfumed Nightmare">Perfumed Nightmare</a></i>, <i>Isang Munting Lupa</i>, and <i>Bayani</i>. </p><p>Currently, there are a few Filipino film festivals that support independent Filipino films such as <a href="/wiki/Cinemalaya_Philippine_Independent_Film_Festival" title="Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Film Festival">Cinemalaya</a> and CineFilipino.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are annual film festivals that screens, invests, promotes, and awards independent Filipino films.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animation">Animation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Animation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Filipino_cartoon_and_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino cartoon and animation">Filipino cartoon and animation</a></div> <p>Filipino animation, is a body of original cultural and artistic works and styles applied to conventional <a href="/wiki/Philippine_literature" title="Philippine literature">Filipino storytelling</a>, combined with talent and the appropriate application of classic <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animation</a> principles, methods, and techniques, which recognizes their relationship with <a href="/wiki/Filipino_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino culture">Filipino culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komiks" class="mw-redirect" title="Komiks">comics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philippine_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine cinema">films</a>. It also delves into relying on traditional and common Filipino "sense of going about things" or <a href="/wiki/Filipino_psychology" title="Filipino psychology">manner of coping</a> with <a href="/wiki/Filipino_values" title="Filipino values">Filipino life</a> and environment.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinoy_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinoy-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the early pioneers of Filipino animation was <a href="/wiki/Nonoy_Marcelo" title="Nonoy Marcelo">Severino "Nonoy" Marcelo</a>, a cartoonist who is responsible for his early comic and animation works under Marcos' presidency in the 1970s, most notably the 1978 film <i><a href="/wiki/Tadhana_(film)" title="Tadhana (film)">Tadhana</a></i>, the first-ever full-length animated film produced in the Philippines. In that meantime, the film was never credited to be the first animated film due to lack of commercial release in local theaters, which instead took turns to Geraldo A. Garcia's <i><a href="/wiki/Adarna:_The_Mythical_Bird" title="Adarna: The Mythical Bird">Adarna: The Mythical Bird</a></i> in 1997, also received lack of critical and commercial release.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the immediate recognition of <i>Tadhana</i> and <i>Adarna</i>, Filipino animation filmmakers continued to be dominate the film industry to create their own work since 1980s including Reggie Entienza's <i><a href="/wiki/Urduja_(film)" title="Urduja (film)">Urduja</a></i>, Robert Quilao's <i><a href="/wiki/Dayo:_Sa_Mundo_ng_Elementalia" title="Dayo: Sa Mundo ng Elementalia">Dayo: Sa Mundo ng Elementalia</a></i>, Luis C. Suarez's <a href="/wiki/RPG_Metanoia" title="RPG Metanoia">RPG Metanoia</a>, Carl Joseph Papa's <i><a href="/wiki/Manang_Biring" title="Manang Biring">Manang Biring</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Missing_(2023_film)" title="The Missing (2023 film)">Iti Mapukpukaw</a></i>, Avid Liongoren's <i><a href="/wiki/Saving_Sally" title="Saving Sally">Saving Sally</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hayop_Ka!" title="Hayop Ka!">Hayop Ka!</a></i>, and Frederick C.G. Borromeo's <i><a href="/wiki/Distortion_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Distortion (film)">Distortion</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_epics">Historical epics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Historical epics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another staple of the Philippine film industry, historical dramas where part of the mainstream genres of the Philippine cinema, the deep history of the Philippines where the filmmakers are constantly inspired by it. Over the years, there have been many films based on history or on historical figures that not only captivated audiences with their powerful and enriching stories, but have also taken viewers back in time with the detailed costumes, sets, and atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Be it based on real people – like the biographies of <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a> (1939, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal_(film)" title="José Rizal (film)">1998</a>), <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bonifacio" title="Andrés Bonifacio">Andrés Bonifacio</a> (1995, 2010, 2012, <a href="/wiki/Bonifacio:_Ang_Unang_Pangulo" title="Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo">2014</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lapulapu" title="Lapulapu">Lapulapu</a> (1955, 2002), <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Luna" title="Antonio Luna">Antonio Luna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heneral_Luna" title="Heneral Luna">2015</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar" title="Gregorio del Pilar">Gregorio del Pilar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goyo:_Ang_Batang_Heneral" class="mw-redirect" title="Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral">2018</a>); or set during a certain time period – <i>Teniente Rosario</i> (1937), <i><a href="/wiki/Banaue:_Stairway_to_the_Sky" class="mw-redirect" title="Banaue: Stairway to the Sky">Banaue: Stairway to the Sky</a></i> (1975), <i>Dugo sa Kapirasong Lupa</i> (1975), <i><a href="/wiki/Oro,_Plata,_Mata" title="Oro, Plata, Mata">Oro, Plata, Mata</a></i> (1982), <i><a href="/wiki/Tatlong_Taong_Walang_Diyos" title="Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos">Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos</a></i> (1976) and <i><a href="/wiki/Quezon%27s_Game" title="Quezon's Game">Quezon's Game</a></i> (2018). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internationally_acclaimed_films">Internationally acclaimed films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Internationally acclaimed films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over the years, Filipino films have been recognized not only in their own country, but also globally in different countries. Competing with international films, Filipino films have earned many different rewards such as the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Lion" title="Golden Lion">Golden Lion</a> in the 2016 <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a> won by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Woman_Who_Left" title="The Woman Who Left">Ang Babaeng Humayo</a></i> (The Woman Who Left) by <a href="/wiki/Lav_Diaz" title="Lav Diaz">Lav Diaz</a>, the Audience Choice Award in the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_International_Film_Festival" title="Tokyo International Film Festival">Tokyo International Film Festival</a> won by <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Beautiful" title="Die Beautiful">Die Beautiful</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jun_Lana" title="Jun Lana">Jun Lana</a>, or the Silver Bear Alfred Bauer Prize at the <a href="/wiki/66th_Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="66th Berlin International Film Festival">66th Berlin International Film Festival</a> won by <i><a href="/wiki/Hele_Sa_Hiwagang_Hapis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hele Sa Hiwagang Hapis">Hele sa Hiwagang Hapis</a></i> (A Lullaby to the Sorrowful Mystery) also by Lav Diaz. All these films were granted these awards in the year of 2016 among many other Philippine films.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the years before, other films equally gaining recognition internationally include <i>Pamilya Ordinaryo</i> by Eduardo Roy Jr.;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Toto</i> by John Paul Su;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_114-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Trap_(2015_film)" title="Trap (2015 film)"><i>Taklub</i></a> by Brillante Mendoza;<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_(film)" title="Metro Manila (film)"><i>Metro Manila</i></a> by Sean Ellis;<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Foster_Child_(2007_film)" title="Foster Child (2007 film)"><i>Foster Child</i></a> by Brillante Mendoza <sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Closer_to_Home_(film)" title="Closer to Home (film)">Closer to Home</a> by Joseph Nobile </i><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_associations_and_organizations">Film associations and organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Film associations and organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable local film associations and groups include: </p> <ul><li><b>Metro Manila Film Festival</b></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="Metro Manila Film Festival">Metro Manila Film Festival</a> is an annual film festival held in Metro Manila, Philippines. The festival takes place from Christmas Day (December 25) and concludes at the first weekend in January of the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMFF has taken place every year since its inception in 1975. The 2016 event was the 42nd festival in its history. Throughout the festival, only Filipino Films, which are approved by the jurors of the MMFF, are shown in cinemas. No foreign films are shown in Metro Manila cinemas during the festival (except <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a>, <a href="/wiki/4DX" title="4DX">4DX</a>, and select 3D cinemas). This has been a tradition ever since the establishment of the festival's precursor, “Manila Film Festival” in 1966 by former Manila Mayor <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Villegas" title="Antonio Villegas">Antonio Villegas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The festival is accompanied with an awards ceremony. Over the years, films such as <a href="/wiki/Yamashita:_The_Tiger%27s_Treasure" title="Yamashita: The Tiger's Treasure">Yamashita: The Tiger's Treasure</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/One_More_Try_(film)" title="One More Try (film)">One More Try</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/WalangForever" title="WalangForever">Walang Forever</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sunday_Beauty_Queen" title="Sunday Beauty Queen">Sunday Beauty Queen</a><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have received the Best Picture Award. </p> <ul><li><b>Pista ng Pelikulang Pilipino</b></li></ul> <p>The Pista ng Pelikulang Filipino (or PPP) is a film festival held in theaters nationwide. Its inaugural season was held on August 16–22, 2017, coinciding with the Buwan ng Wika. Similar to the Metro Manila Film Festival, foreign movies will not be shown in theaters (except <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a>, <a href="/wiki/4DX" title="4DX">4DX</a>, VIP (starting from 2nd edition), and large format 3D theaters) and films approved by the jury will be shown. It is organized by the <a href="/wiki/Film_Development_Council_of_the_Philippines" title="Film Development Council of the Philippines">Film Development Council of the Philippines</a> in association with theaters nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The inaugural awardees in the competition include: Mikhail Red's <i><a href="/wiki/Birdshot_(film)" title="Birdshot (film)">Birdshot</a></i> (Critic's Choice), Victor Villanueva's <i><a href="/wiki/Patay_na_si_Hesus" title="Patay na si Hesus">Patay na si Hesus</a></i> (Jury's Choice) and Jason Paul Laxamana's <i><a href="/wiki/100_Tula_Para_Kay_Stella" title="100 Tula Para Kay Stella">100 Tula Para Kay Stella</a></i> (Audience Choice).<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Film Academy of the Philippines</b></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Film_Academy_of_the_Philippines" title="Film Academy of the Philippines">Film Academy of the Philippines</a> was established in 1981 and is considered the Philippine counterpart of the United States' Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It serves as the general organization of the various film-related guilds in the country that help in the organizing and supervising of film activities. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="Filipino Society of Cinematographers">Filipino Society of Cinematographers</a></b></li></ul> <p>Established on February 27, 1970, it serves as an "educational, cultural and professional organization of cinematographers". </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Film_Development_Council_of_the_Philippines" title="Film Development Council of the Philippines">Film Development Council of the Philippines</a></b></li></ul> <p>Formed on June 7, 2002, the Film Development Council of the Philippines can be found under the Office of the President. It ensures that the economic, cultural and educational aspects of film are represented locally and internationally. </p> <ul><li><b>National Film Archives of the Philippines</b></li></ul> <p>The National Film Archives of the Philippines houses the history of Philippine Cinema and protects the country's cultural legacy in film through the preservation, retrieval, and restoration of film negatives, prints and other film related material and promotes these to provide a wider appreciation of the cinema history by making them available to the public. </p> <ul><li><b>Movie Workers Welfare Foundation Inc.</b></li></ul> <p>The Movie Workers Welfare Foundation Inc. or MOWELFUND was organized and established in 1974 by former President Joseph E. Estrada who was then president of the Philippine Motion Picture Producers Association (PMPPA). Its primary purpose is to provide aid to movie workers such as medical, livelihood and housing benefits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yearly_revenue">Yearly revenue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Yearly revenue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>No. of Films</th> <th>Revenue in US$</th> <th>PhP vs US$</th> <th>Revenue PhP </th></tr> <tr> <td>2007</td> <td>165</td> <td>$86.60M</td> <td>46.01</td> <td>Php 3.984B<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td>170</td> <td>$100.97M</td> <td>44.32</td> <td>Php 4.475B<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009</td> <td>161</td> <td>$103.39M</td> <td>47.64</td> <td>Php 4.925B<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>149</td> <td>$123.86M</td> <td>45.11</td> <td>Php 5.587B<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>152</td> <td>$138.03M</td> <td>43.31</td> <td>Php 5.978B<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td>156</td> <td>$158.80M</td> <td>42.23</td> <td>Php 6.706B<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td>177</td> <td>$166.41M</td> <td>42.45</td> <td>Php 7.064B<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN_Film_Archives" title="ABS-CBN Film Archives">ABS-CBN Film Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian cinema">Asian cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of the world">Cinema of the world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cinema">East Asian cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_awards_bodies_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Film awards bodies in the Philippines">Film awards bodies in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="History of cinema">History of cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_actors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Filipino actors">List of Filipino actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipina_actresses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Filipina actresses">List of Filipina actresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_Martial_Law_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films about Martial Law in the Philippines">List of films about Martial Law in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_banned_in_the_Philippines" title="List of films banned in the Philippines">List of films banned in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_Philippines" title="List of highest-grossing films in the Philippines">List of highest-grossing films in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_Filipino_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest-grossing Filipino films">List of highest-grossing Filipino films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_co-produced_films_and_television_series" title="List of Philippine co-produced films and television series">List of Philippine co-produced films and television series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_film_studios" title="List of Philippine film studios">List of Philippine film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Philippine films">List of Philippine films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="Metro Manila Film Festival">Metro Manila Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cinema" title="Southeast Asian cinema">Southeast Asian cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_cinema" title="World cinema">World cinema</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdfilipinocinema.org/philippine-cinema-history/">"History of Philippine Cinema"</a>. <i>sdfilipinocinema.org/</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sdfilipinocinema.org%2F&rft.atitle=History+of+Philippine+Cinema&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdfilipinocinema.org%2Fphilippine-cinema-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:200615">"The Role of José Nepomuceno in the Philippine Society: What language did his silent film speaks?"</a>. Stockholm University Publications. Retrieved on January 6, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmes1987" class="citation book cs1">Armes, Roy (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qFDnqIwdr8EC"><i>Third World Film Making and the West</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-90801-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-90801-7"><bdi>978-0-520-90801-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Third+World+Film+Making+and+the+West&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-520-90801-7&rft.aulast=Armes&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqFDnqIwdr8EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boxofficemojo.com/intl/philippines/yearly/">"2014 Philippines Yearly Box Office Results"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Brocka 'actually toyed with the idea of casting Imee in the title role of Insiang,' [Jo-Ann] Maglipon relates.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Thoroughly+Different+Kind+of+Mother&rft.btitle=Martial+Law+Melodrama%3A+Lino+Brocka%27s+Cinema+Politics&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E52-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780520314634&rft.aulast=Capino&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DloW4DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reborn-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reborn_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reborn_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reborn_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straight.com/node/161057">Filipino film industry reborn</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321175222/http://www.straight.com/node/161057">Archived</a> March 21, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Straight website</i>. January 25, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSNigado-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSNigado_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSNigado_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNigado1987" class="citation news cs1">Nigado, JC (July 17, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19870717&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Stand by for life"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i>. Standard Publications, Inc. p. 14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Standard&rft.atitle=Stand+by+for+life&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1987-07-17&rft.aulast=Nigado&rft.aufirst=JC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D8cBNEdFwSQkC%26dat%3D19870717%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSulat_Jr.1993" class="citation news cs1">Sulat Jr., Bert B. (November 30, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=72FhAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA57">"Ishmael Bernal, concert director"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i>. Kamahalan Publishing Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Standard&rft.atitle=Ishmael+Bernal%2C+concert+director&rft.date=1993-11-30&rft.aulast=Sulat+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Bert+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D72FhAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSDiaz-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSDiaz_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSDiaz_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiaz1988" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a href="/wiki/Lav_Diaz" title="Lav Diaz">Diaz, Lav</a> (May 4, 1988). "Isa pang sirkus" [Another circus]. <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i> (in Filipino). Standard Publications, Inc. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Standard&rft.atitle=Isa+pang+sirkus&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1988-05-04&rft.aulast=Diaz&rft.aufirst=Lav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDormiendo1992" class="citation news cs1">Dormiendo, Justino (September 11, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19920911&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Cold-blooded killers, ice-cold lovers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i>. Kamahalan Publishing Corp. p. 20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2021</span>. <q>The action flick itself remains as the most abused genre in our time. With movies like <b><a href="/wiki/Magdaleno_Orbos:_Sa_Kuko_ng_Mga_Lawin" title="Magdaleno Orbos: Sa Kuko ng Mga Lawin">Magdaleno Orbos</a></b>, relief is still far from sight.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Standard&rft.atitle=Cold-blooded+killers%2C+ice-cold+lovers&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1992-09-11&rft.aulast=Dormiendo&rft.aufirst=Justino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D8cBNEdFwSQkC%26dat%3D19920911%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/stand_by_me_1986">"Stand by Me (1986)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=Stand+by+Me+%281986%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fstand_by_me_1986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaza1990" class="citation news cs1">Daza, Jullie Y. (December 27, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Ka8VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MQsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6543%2C5181769">"Mayors' coup d'etat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i>. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. p. 11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Standard&rft.atitle=Mayors%27+coup+d%27etat&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1990-12-27&rft.aulast=Daza&rft.aufirst=Jullie+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DKa8VAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DMQsEAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6543%252C5181769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLam1989" class="citation news cs1">Lam, Lulubelle (September 27, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AExIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=hgsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6171%2C4710498">"Manoling wants quality"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i>. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. p. 25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2023</span>. <q>There is a 'quantitative downtrend' in the local movie industry in the past years...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Standard&rft.atitle=Manoling+wants+quality&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1989-09-27&rft.aulast=Lam&rft.aufirst=Lulubelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DAExIAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DhgsEAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6171%252C4710498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, Kristin and Bordwell David. (2010) "Film History: An Introduction". New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 646</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-piracy-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-piracy_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/06182008/nation05.html">It's total war on pirates as movie industry reels</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090124003059/http://businessmirror.com.ph/06182008/nation05.html">Archived</a> January 24, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mocon, Claudeth. <i>Business Mirror</i>. June 18, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pia.gov.ph/philinfo/phfilm.htm">Film and Video in the Philippines</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725121405/http://www.pia.gov.ph/philinfo/phfilm.htm">Archived</a> July 25, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Philippine Information Agency</i>. Retrieved January 25, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wowparadisephilippines.com/category/philippine-movies">Philippine movies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090104002032/http://www.wowparadisephilippines.com/category/philippine-movies">Archived</a> January 4, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Wow Paradise Philippines</i>. Retrieved January 26, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231205084821/https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/06/19/08/animator-says-urduja-claim-first-pinoy-animated-movie-false">"Animator says 'Urduja' claim as first Pinoy animated movie is false"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN_News" class="mw-redirect" title="ABS-CBN News">ABS-CBN News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN" title="ABS-CBN">ABS-CBN Corporation</a>. June 19, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/06/19/08/animator-says-urduja-claim-first-pinoy-animated-movie-false">the original</a> on December 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=Animator+says+%27Urduja%27+claim+as+first+Pinoy+animated+movie+is+false&rft.date=2008-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fentertainment%2F06%2F19%2F08%2Fanimator-says-urduja-claim-first-pinoy-animated-movie-false&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorre2005" class="citation news cs1">Torre, Nestor U. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=All+Eyes+on+%27Uno%27&rft.pages=A25&rft.date=2005-01-13&rft.aulast=Torre&rft.aufirst=Nestor+U.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DN1g1AAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DkCUMAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1280%252C4929809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorre2005" class="citation news cs1">Torre, Nestor U. (January 15, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OVg1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=kCUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1884%2C5782872">"Inactive action stars experience fall from macho grace"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i>. The Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. p. A3-4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Inactive+action+stars+experience+fall+from+macho+grace&rft.pages=A3-4&rft.date=2005-01-15&rft.aulast=Torre&rft.aufirst=Nestor+U.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DOVg1AAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DkCUMAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1884%252C5782872&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141017153948/http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/archives/2000/awardCompetition.html">"Awards 2000 : Competition"</a>. <i>Festival de Cannes</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/archives/2000/awardCompetition.html">the original</a> on October 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Festival+de+Cannes&rft.atitle=Awards+2000+%3A+Competition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.festival-cannes.fr%2Fen%2Farchives%2F2000%2FawardCompetition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007092408/http://www.thepoc.net/thepoc-features/metakritiko/metakritiko-features/4670-looking-back-at-jon-reds-still-lives-part-1.html">"Looking Back at Jon Red's Still Lives Part 1"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepoc.net/thepoc-features/metakritiko/metakritiko-features/4670-looking-back-at-jon-reds-still-lives-part-1.html">the original</a> on October 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Looking+Back+at+Jon+Red%27s+Still+Lives+Part+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepoc.net%2Fthepoc-features%2Fmetakritiko%2Fmetakritiko-features%2F4670-looking-back-at-jon-reds-still-lives-part-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-digital-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-digital_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-digital_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cphdox.dk/d1/ft.lasso?s=2008122&ser=803&e=1">From Manila to Cannes – New Philippine cinema and the digital revolution</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. <i>CPH:DOX website</i>. Retrieved January 22, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710155801/http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=930">Gina Pareño wins more Int'l acting awards</a>. <i>Good News Pilipinas website</i>. Retrieved January 25, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=2763">Mendoza & Pareño win Russia filmfest honors</a>. <i>Good News Pilipinas website</i>. Retrieved January 25, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=3529">Pinoy actors win Greek filmfest best acting award</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123171302/http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=3529">Archived</a> November 23, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Good News Pilipinas website</i>. Retrieved January 25, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=1013">Encantos' wins in Venice Film Festival</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123221348/http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=1013">Archived</a> November 23, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Good News Pilipinas website</i>. Retrieved January 25, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supreme.ph/2008/11/04/indie-films-gaining-ground-in-local-movie-industry/">Indie films gaining ground in local movie industry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090213231512/http://supreme.ph/2008/11/04/indie-films-gaining-ground-in-local-movie-industry/">Archived</a> February 13, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Sumpreme</i>. November 8, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709233427/http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=922">Pinoy Indie films win International awards</a>. <i>Good News Pilipinas</i>. Retrieved January 24, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=1008">Toronto Film Fest to showcase Pinoy films</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123215711/http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=1008">Archived</a> November 23, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Good News Pilipinas website</i>. Retrieved January 24, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709061529/http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=1051">Foster Child wins Spain filmfest award</a>. <i>Good News Pilipinas website</i>. Retrieved January 25, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120713105553/http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=2246">'Tribu' wins Paris Filmfest Youth Jury Prize</a>.<i>Good News Pilipinas website</i>. Retrieved January 24, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=3042">Brutus bags Hawaii filmfest top prize</a>.<i>Good News Pilipinas website</i>. Retrieved January 24, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=961">Tuli wins Berlin Film Festival's Top Prize</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123212133/http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=961">Archived</a> November 23, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Good News Pilipinas website</i>. Retrieved January 24, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710085046/http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=996Pinoy">film wins top prize in L-A filmfest Pinoy film wins top prize in LA filmfest</a>. <i>Good News Pilipinas website</i>. Retrieved January 24, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=1044">Grand Jury Prize for Pisay in France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123152010/http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=1044">Archived</a> November 23, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Good News Pilipinas website</i>. Retrieved January 24, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120711030203/http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=899">Filipino films win big at Singapore and Germany Filmfests</a>. <i>Good News Pilipinas website</i>. Retrieved January 24, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=973">Kaleldo wins at the 8th Jeonju Film Festival</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123214331/http://goodnewspilipinas.com/?p=973">Archived</a> November 23, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Good News Pilipinas website</i>. Retrieved January 25, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVizcarra2009" class="citation news cs1">Vizcarra, Gian Carlo (May 14, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2009/05/14/467055/solar-films-irwin-tieng-its-payback-time">"Solar Films' Irwin Tieng: It's payback time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">Philstar.com</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines: Philstar Global Corp<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Fathered by Sen. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a>, himself a movie denizen, and drafted by an ad hoc committee headed by producer-director <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Romero" title="Eddie Romero">Eddie Romero</a>,[...] the proposed bill seeks to amend Section 13 of the Local Tax Code by reducing - from 30 to 10 percent of the basic price of admission - the amusement tax...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Standard&rft.atitle=Transfer+of+funds&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1987-11-21&rft.au=Editorial+staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlWcVAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaragay1999" class="citation news cs1">Maragay, Fel V. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GMA+News+Online&rft.atitle=Philippine+New+Wave%3A+This+is+not+a+film+movement&rft.aulast=LaPe%C3%B1a&rft.aufirst=Carmela+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F196825%2Flifestyle%2Fartandculture%2Fphilippine-new-wave-this-is-not-a-film-movement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_highest-grossing_Philippine_movies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the highest-grossing Philippine movies">List of the highest-grossing Philippine movies</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unkabogable_Praybeyt_Benjamin" title="The Unkabogable Praybeyt Benjamin">The Unkabogable Praybeyt Benjamin</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Enteng_Ng_Ina_Mo" class="mw-redirect" title="Enteng Ng Ina Mo">Enteng Ng Ina Mo</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/01/16/14/girl-boy-bakla-tomboy-now-all-time-highest-grossing-ph-film">"Girl Boy Bakla Tomboy Now the Highest Grossing Film in PH"</a> <i>ABS-CBNnews.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=Winners+at+MMFF%27s+Gabi+Ng+Parangal&rft.date=2016-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Flifestyle%2Fartandculture%2F594086%2Fwinners-at-mmff-s-gabi-ng-parangal%2Fstory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pistangpelikulangpilipino.ph/">"Pista ng Pelikulang Pilipino"</a>. <i>pistangpelikulangpilipino.ph</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pistangpelikulangpilipino.ph&rft.atitle=Pista+ng+Pelikulang+Pilipino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpistangpelikulangpilipino.ph%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/showbiz/chikaminute/622642/three-films-win-special-prizes-in-pista-ng-pelikulang-pilipino/story/">"Three films win special prizes in Pista ng Pelikulang Pilipino"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+films+win+special+prizes+in+Pista+ng+Pelikulang+Pilipino&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fshowbiz%2Fchikaminute%2F622642%2Fthree-films-win-special-prizes-in-pista-ng-pelikulang-pilipino%2Fstory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boxofficemojo.com/intl/philippines/yearly/?yr=2007&p=.htm">"2007 Philippines Yearly Box Office Results"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+Philippines+Yearly+Box+Office+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboxofficemojo.com%2Fintl%2Fphilippines%2Fyearly%2F%3Fyr%3D2008%26p%3D.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boxofficemojo.com/intl/philippines/yearly/?yr=2009&p=.htm">"2009 Philippines Yearly Box Office Results"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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German-Philippine Cinema Relationships. English-language Book for free download</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.listal.com/list/50-greatest-filipino-films-all">50 Greatest Filipino Films</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140704082316/http://www.listal.com/list/50-greatest-filipino-films-all">Archived</a> 2014-07-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140417092557/http://www.greatestmoviesofalltime.net/filipino-movies/">Filipino Movies</a> at GMOAT</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flixseats.com/ph/cinema">Philippine Cinemas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227202153/https://www.flixseats.com/ph/cinema">Archived</a> 2019-12-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Flixseats</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>Talaan ng mga Artista sa Pilipinas</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cinema in the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_films" title="Category:Philippine films">Films (A–Z)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Philippine_films" title="Lists of Philippine films">Films by year</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_before_1940" title="List of Philippine films before 1940">1919–39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1940s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1940s">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1950s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1950s">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1960s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1960s">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1970s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1980s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1990s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_2000s" title="List of Philippine films of the 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_2010s" title="List of Philippine films of the 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_2020s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Philippine films of the 2020s (page does not exist)">2020s</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_Philippines" title="List of highest-grossing films in the Philippines">Highest-grossing films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_Filipino_films_in_2011" title="List of highest-grossing Filipino films in 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_Filipino_films_in_2012" title="List of highest-grossing Filipino films in 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_Filipino_films_in_2013" title="List of highest-grossing Filipino films in 2013">2013</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="List of Philippine submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">Submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_co-produced_films_and_television_series" title="List of Philippine co-produced films and television series">International co-produced films</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg/60px-Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg/90px-Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg/120px-Philippines_film_clapperboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_actors" title="Category:Filipino actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_actresses" title="Category:Filipino actresses">Actresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_cinematographers" title="Category:Filipino cinematographers">Cinematographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_film_directors" title="Category:Filipino film directors">Directors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_film_editors" title="Category:Filipino film editors">Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_film_producers" title="Category:Filipino film producers">Producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_film_score_composers" title="Category:Filipino film score composers">Score composers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_screenwriters" title="Category:Filipino screenwriters">Screenwriters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_film_awards" title="Category:Philippine film awards">Awards</a> and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FAMAS_Award" title="FAMAS Award">FAMAS Award</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_Academy_of_the_Philippines" title="Film Academy of the Philippines">FAP</a> <a href="/wiki/Luna_Award" title="Luna Award">Luna Awards</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_Movie_Press_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippine Movie Press Club (page does not exist)">PMPC</a> <a href="/wiki/PMPC_Star_Award_for_Movie" class="mw-redirect" title="PMPC Star Award for Movie">Star Awards</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Critics awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gawad_Urian_Award" title="Gawad Urian Award">Urian</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Critics_Circle" title="Young Critics Circle">Young Critics Circle</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_EDDYS" title="The EDDYS">The EDDYS</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_festivals_in_the_Philippines" title="Category:Film festivals in the Philippines">Film festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinemalaya_Philippine_Independent_Film_Festival" title="Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Film Festival">Cinemalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinemanila_International_Film_Festival" title="Cinemanila International Film Festival">Cinemanila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_One_Originals" title="Cinema One Originals">Cinema One Originals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="Metro Manila Film Festival">Metro Manila Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Summer_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Manila Summer Film Festival">Metro Manila Summer Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QCinema_International_Film_Festival" title="QCinema International Film Festival">QCinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_films_by_genre" title="Category:Philippine films by genre">Genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_action_films" title="Category:Philippine action films">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_adventure_films" title="Category:Philippine adventure films">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_animated_films" title="Category:Philippine animated films">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_avant-garde_and_experimental_films" title="Category:Philippine avant-garde and experimental films">Avant-garde and experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_aviation_films" title="Category:Philippine aviation films">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_biographical_films" title="Category:Philippine biographical films">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_children%27s_films" title="Category:Philippine children's films">Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_comedy_films" title="Category:Philippine comedy films">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_coming-of-age_films" title="Category:Philippine coming-of-age films">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_crime_films" title="Category:Philippine crime films">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_dance_films" title="Category:Philippine dance films">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_disaster_films" title="Category:Philippine disaster films">Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_documentary_films" title="Category:Philippine documentary films">Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_drama_films" title="Category:Philippine drama films">Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_epic_films" title="Category:Philippine epic films">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_erotic_films" title="Category:Philippine erotic films">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_fantasy_films" title="Category:Philippine fantasy films">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_historical_films" title="Category:Philippine historical films">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_horror_films" title="Category:Philippine horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_martial_arts_films" title="Category:Philippine martial arts films">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_musical_films" title="Category:Philippine musical films">Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_mystery_films" title="Category:Philippine mystery films">Mystery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_parody_films" title="Category:Philippine parody films">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_political_films" title="Category:Philippine political films">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_propaganda_films" title="Category:Philippine propaganda films">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_psychological_films" title="Category:Philippine psychological films">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_road_movies" title="Category:Philippine road movies">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_romance_films" title="Category:Philippine romance films">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_science_fiction_films" title="Category:Philippine science fiction films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_speculative_fiction_films" title="Category:Philippine speculative fiction films">Speculative fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_sports_films" title="Category:Philippine sports films">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_superhero_films" title="Category:Philippine superhero films">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_teen_films" title="Category:Philippine teen films">Teen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_thriller_films" title="Category:Philippine thriller films">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_war_films" title="Category:Philippine war films">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino animation">Filipino animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsourcing_of_animation_to_the_Philippines" title="Outsourcing of animation to the Philippines">Outsourcing of animation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_production_companies_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Film production companies of the Philippines">Production companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_film_studios" title="Category:Philippine film studios">Film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_schools_in_the_Philippines" title="Category:Film schools in the Philippines">Film schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_filmographies" title="Category:Philippine filmographies">Filmographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_won_the_Philippine_movie_grand_slam" title="List of people who won the Philippine movie grand slam">Grand Slam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philippine_film_festivals25" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippine_film_festivals" title="Template:Philippine film festivals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippine_film_festivals" title="Template talk:Philippine film festivals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine_film_festivals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine film festivals"><abbr title="Edit this 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Festival)">Pelicula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_International_Film_Festival" title="Pride International Film Festival">Pride International Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pista_ng_Pelikulang_Pilipino" title="Pista ng Pelikulang Pilipino">Pista ng Pelikulang Pilipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QCinema_International_Film_Festival" title="QCinema International Film Festival">QCinema International Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_One_Originals" title="Cinema One Originals">Cinema One Originals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philippine_Cinema_related_topics99" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Philippine_Cinema_related_topics99" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Philippine Cinema related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philippines_articles598" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippines_topics" title="Template:Philippines topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippines_topics" title="Template talk:Philippines topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippines_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippines topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philippines_articles598" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines" title="History of the Philippines">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Philippines" title="Archaeology of the Philippines">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Economic history of the Philippines">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Military history of the Philippines">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Political history of the Philippines">Political</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Philippine_history" title="Timeline of Philippine history">Chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_the_Philippines" title="Prehistory of the Philippines">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(900%E2%80%931565)" title="History of the Philippines (900–1565)">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li>Colonial era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565–1898)">Spanish period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898–1946)">American period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="Japanese occupation of the Philippines">Japanese occupation</a></li> <li>Postcolonial era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%931965)" title="History of the Philippines (1946–1965)">Third Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Marcos presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Philippines (1986–present)">Fifth Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Philippines" title="Geography of the Philippines">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bays_of_the_Philippines" title="List of bays of the Philippines">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_the_Philippines" title="Biosphere reserves of the Philippines">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_Philippines" title="Borders of the Philippines">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Philippines" title="Climate of the Philippines">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Philippines" title="Climate change in the Philippines">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoons_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoons in the Philippines">Typhoons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Philippines" title="List of earthquakes in the Philippines">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoregions_in_the_Philippines" title="Ecoregions in the Philippines">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_Philippines" title="Extreme points of the Philippines">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">Island groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_the_Philippines" title="List of lakes of the Philippines">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_the_Philippines" title="List of mountains in the Philippines">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_the_Philippines" title="List of protected areas of the Philippines">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_Philippines" title="List of national parks of the Philippines">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Ramsar sites in the Philippines">Ramsar sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Philippines" title="List of rivers of the Philippines">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_volcanoes_in_the_Philippines" title="List of active volcanoes in the Philippines">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_the_Philippines" title="Wildlife of the Philippines">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Philippines" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Philippines" title="Politics of the Philippines">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" title="Administrative divisions of the Philippines">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines" title="Elections in the Philippines">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Philippines" title="Foreign relations of the Philippines">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Philippines" title="Human rights in the Philippines">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Philippines">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_legal_codes" title="Philippine legal codes">Legal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_families_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political families in the Philippines">Political families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political parties in the Philippines">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Government44" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Executive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_the_Philippines" title="List of cabinets of the Philippines">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_departments_of_the_Philippines" title="Executive departments of the Philippines">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Office of the President of the Philippines">Executive office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Legislative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Philippines" title="Judiciary of the Philippines">Judicial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_of_the_Philippines" title="Court of Appeals of the Philippines">Court of Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Trial_Court" title="Regional Trial Court">Regional Trial Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Air_Force" title="Philippine Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Army" title="Philippine Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Navy" title="Philippine Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Marine_Corps" title="Philippine Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coast_Guard" title="Philippine Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines" title="Economy of the Philippines">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Philippines" title="Agriculture in the Philippines">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Philippines" title="Automotive industry in the Philippines">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_process_outsourcing_in_the_Philippines" title="Business process outsourcing in the Philippines">Business process outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_in_the_Philippines" title="Census in the Philippines">Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labor_in_the_Philippines" title="Child labor in the Philippines">Child labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Philippines" title="Energy in the Philippines">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_policy_of_the_Philippines" title="Fiscal policy of the Philippines">Fiscal policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_Philippines" title="National debt of the Philippines">National debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_policy_in_the_Philippines" title="Labor policy in the Philippines">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_Philippines" title="Science and technology in the Philippines">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Stock_Exchange" title="Philippine Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Philippines" title="Taxation in the Philippines">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Philippines" title="Telecommunications in the Philippines">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Philippines" title="Telephone numbers in the Philippines">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Philippines" title="Tourism in the Philippines">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_the_Philippines" title="List of tourist attractions in the Philippines">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_Philippines" title="Transportation in the Philippines">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_Philippines" title="Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines">Water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZIP_codes_in_the_Philippines" title="ZIP codes in the Philippines">ZIP codes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Society of the Philippines">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Philippines" title="Abortion in the Philippines">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Philippines" title="Censorship in the Philippines">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Philippines" title="Corruption in the Philippines">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Philippines" title="Crime in the Philippines">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Philippines" title="Demographics of the Philippines">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_the_Philippines" title="Divorce in the Philippines">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Philippines" title="Higher education in the Philippines">Higher education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_Philippines" title="Environmental issues in the Philippines">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Philippines" title="Climate change in the Philippines">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Philippines" title="Deforestation in the Philippines">Deforestation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines" title="Ethnic groups in the Philippines">Ethnic groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Philippines" title="Indigenous peoples of the Philippines">Indigenous peoples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Filipinos" title="Genetic studies on Filipinos">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_Philippines" title="Health in the Philippines">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_Philippines" title="Human trafficking in the Philippines">Human trafficking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_the_Philippines" title="Sex trafficking in the Philippines">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_Philippines" title="Immigration to the Philippines">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_Philippines" title="Income inequality in the Philippines">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_kinship" title="Philippine kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_Worker" title="Overseas Filipino Worker">Overseas workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_Philippines" title="Poverty in the Philippines">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Philippines" title="Prostitution in the Philippines">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Philippines" title="Refugees of the Philippines">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_Philippines" title="Squatting in the Philippines">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Philippines" title="Women in the Philippines">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy" title="Pinoy">Pinoy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines" title="Architecture of the Philippines">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Cultural_Properties_of_the_Philippines" title="Lists of Cultural Properties of the Philippines">Cultural properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_Philippines" title="Dance in the Philippines">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines" title="Fashion and clothing in the Philippines">Fashion and clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_markers_of_the_Philippines" title="Historical markers of the Philippines">Historical markers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Filipino inventions and discoveries">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_literature" title="Philippine literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_Philippines" title="Mass media in the Philippines">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_mythology" title="Philippine mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Philippines" title="Names of the Philippines">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Philippines" title="Public holidays in the Philippines">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_the_Philippines" title="List of festivals in the Philippines">Festivals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_psychology" title="Filipino psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_Philippines" title="Sports in the Philippines">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_in_the_Philippines" title="Traditional games in the Philippines">Traditional games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_values" title="Filipino values">Value system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="National symbols of the Philippines">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_eagle" title="Philippine eagle">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasminum_sambac" title="Jasminum sambac">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinctada_maxima" title="Pinctada maxima">Gem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Philippines" title="Great Seal of the Philippines">Great Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maka-Diyos,_Maka-tao,_Makakalikasan_at_Makabansa" title="Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">Sign language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnis" title="Arnis">Sport and martial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_indicus" title="Pterocarpus indicus">Tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Philippines" title="Outline of the Philippines">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_Philippines" title="Bibliography of the Philippines">Bibliography</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Philippines" title="Category:Philippines">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Years_in_the_Philippines_(900–present)316" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Years_in_the_Philippines" title="Template:Years in the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Years_in_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Years in the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Years_in_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Years in the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Years_in_the_Philippines_(900–present)316" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_the_Philippines" title="List of years in the Philippines">Years in the Philippines</a> (900–present)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Events316" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/900_in_the_Philippines" title="900 in the Philippines">900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1521_in_the_Philippines" title="1521 in the Philippines">1521</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1522_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1522 in the Philippines">1522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1523_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1523 in the Philippines">1523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1524_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1524 in the Philippines">1524</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1525_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1525 in the Philippines">1525</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1526_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1526 in the Philippines">1526</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1527_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1527 in the Philippines">1527</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1528_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1528 in the Philippines">1528</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1529_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1529 in the Philippines">1529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1530_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1530 in the Philippines">1530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1531_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1531 in the Philippines">1531</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1532_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1532 in the Philippines">1532</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1533_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1533 in the Philippines">1533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1534_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1534 in the Philippines">1534</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1535_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1535 in the Philippines">1535</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1536_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1536 in the Philippines">1536</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1537_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1537 in the Philippines">1537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1538_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1538 in the Philippines">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1539_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1539 in the Philippines">1539</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1540_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1540 in the Philippines">1540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1541_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1541 in the Philippines">1541</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1542_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1542 in the Philippines">1542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1543_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1543 in the Philippines">1543</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1544_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1544 in the Philippines">1544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1545_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1545 in the Philippines">1545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1546_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1546 in the Philippines">1546</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1547_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1547 in the Philippines">1547</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1548_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1548 in the Philippines">1548</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1549_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1549 in the Philippines">1549</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1550_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1550 in the Philippines">1550</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1551_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1551 in the Philippines">1551</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1552_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1552 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1552</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1553_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1553 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1553</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1554_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1554 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1554</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1555_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1555 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1555</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1556_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1556 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1557_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1557 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1557</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1558_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1558 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1558</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1559_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1559 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1559</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1560_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1560 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1560</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1561_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1561 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1561</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1562_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1562 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1562</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1563_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1563 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1563</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1564_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1564 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1564</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1565_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1565 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1565</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1566_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1566 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1566</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1567_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1567 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1567</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1568_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1568 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1568</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1569_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1569 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1569</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1570_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1570 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1570</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1571_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1571 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1571</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1572_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1572 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1572</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1573_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1573 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1573</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1574_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1574 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1574</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1575_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1575 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1575</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1576_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1576 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1576</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1577_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1577 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1577</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1578_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1578 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1578</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1579_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1579 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1579</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1580_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1580 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1580</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1581_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1581 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1581</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1582_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1582 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1582</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1583_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1583 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1583</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1584_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1584 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1584</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1585_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1585 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1585</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1586_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1586 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1586</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1587_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1587 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1587</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1588_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1588 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1588</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1589_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1589 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1589</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1590_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1590 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1590</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1591_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1591 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1591</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1592_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1592 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1592</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1593_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1593 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1593</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1594_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1594 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1594</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1595_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1595 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1595</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1596_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1596 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1596</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1597_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1597 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1597</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1598_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1598 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1598</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1599_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1599 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1599</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1600_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1600 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1600</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1601_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1601 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1601</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1602_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1602 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1602</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1603_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1603 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1603</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1604_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1604 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1604</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1605_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1605 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1605</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1606_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1606 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1606</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1607_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1607 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1607</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1608_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1608 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1608</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1609_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1609 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1609</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1610_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1610 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1610</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1611_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1611 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1611</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1612_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1612 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1612</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1613_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1613 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1613</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1614_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1614 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1614</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1615_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1615 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1615</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1616_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1616 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1616</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1617_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1617 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1617</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1618_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1618 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1618</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1619 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1619</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1620_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1620 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1620</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1621_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1621 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1621</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1622_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1622 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1622</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1623_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1623 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1623</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1624_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1624 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1624</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1625_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1625 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1625</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1626_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1626 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1626</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1627_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1627 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1627</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1628_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1628 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1628</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1629_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1629 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1630_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1630 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1630</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1631_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1631 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1631</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1632_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1632 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1632</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1633_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1633 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1633</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1634_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1634 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1634</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1635_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1635 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1635</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1636_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1636 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1636</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1637_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1637 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1637</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1638_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1638 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1638</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1639_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1639 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1639</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1640_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1640 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1640</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1641_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1641 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1641</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1642_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1642 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1642</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1643_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1643 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1643</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1644 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1644</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1645 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1645</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1646_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1646 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1646</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1647_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1647 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1647</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1648_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1648 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1648</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1649_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1649 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1649</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1650_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1650 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1650</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1651_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1651 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1651</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1652_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1652 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1652</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1653_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1653 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1653</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1654_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1654 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1654</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1655_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1655 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1655</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1656_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1656 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1656</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1657_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1657 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1657</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1658_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1658 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1658</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1659_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1659 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1659</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1660_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1660 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1660</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1661_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1661 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1661</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1662_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1662 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1662</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1663_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1663 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1663</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1664_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1664 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1664</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1665_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1665 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1665</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1666_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1666 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1666</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1667_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1667 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1667</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1668_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1668 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1668</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1669_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1669 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1669</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1670_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1670 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1670</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1671_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1671 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1671</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1672_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1672 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1672</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1673_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1673 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1673</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1674_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1674 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1674</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1675_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1675 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1675</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1676_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1676 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1676</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1677_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1677 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1678_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1678 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1678</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1679_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1679 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1679</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1680_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1680 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1680</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1681_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1681 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1681</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1682_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1682 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1682</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1683_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1683 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1683</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1684_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1684 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1684</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1685_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1685 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1685</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1686_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1686 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1686</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1687_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1687 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1687</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1688_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1688 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1688</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1689_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1689 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1689</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1690_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1690 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1690</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1691_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1691 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1691</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1692_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1692 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1692</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1693_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1693 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1693</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1694_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1694 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1694</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1695_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1695 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1695</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1696_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1696 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1696</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1697_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1697 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1697</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1698_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1698 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1698</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1699_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1699 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1699</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1700_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1700 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1700</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1701_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1701 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1701</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1702_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1702 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1702</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1703_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1703 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1703</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1704_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1704 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1704</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1705_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1705 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1705</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1706_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1706 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1706</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1707_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1707 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1707</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1708_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1708 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1708</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1709_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1709 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1709</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1710_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1710 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1710</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1711_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1711 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1711</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1712_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1712 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1712</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1713_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1713 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1713</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1714_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1714 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1714</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1715_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1715 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1715</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1716_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1716 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1716</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1717_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1717 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1717</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1718_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1718 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1718</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1719_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1719 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1719</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1720_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1720 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1720</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1721_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1721 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1721</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1722_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1722 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1722</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1723_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1723 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1723</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1724_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1724 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1724</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1725_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1725 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1725</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1726_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1726 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1726</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1727_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1727 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1727</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1728_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1728 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1728</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1729_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1729 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1729</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1730_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1730 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1730</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1731_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1731 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1731</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1732_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1732 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1732</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1733_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1733 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1733</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1734_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1734 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1734</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1735_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1735 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1735</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1736_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1736 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1736</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1737_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1737 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1737</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1738_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1738 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1738</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1739_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1739 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1739</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1740_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1740 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1740</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1741_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1741 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1741</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1742_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1742 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1742</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1743_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1743 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1743</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1744_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1744 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1744</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1745_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1745 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1746_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1746 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1746</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1747_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1747 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1747</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1748_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1748 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1748</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1749_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1749 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1749</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1750_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1750 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1750</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1751_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1751 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1751</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1752_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1752 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1752</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1753_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1753 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1753</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1754_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1754 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1754</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1755 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1755</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1756_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1756 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1756</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1757_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1757 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1757</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1758_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1758 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1758</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1759_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1759 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1759</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1760_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1760 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1760</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1761_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1761 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1761</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1762_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1762 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1762</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1763_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1763 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1763</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1764_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1764 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1764</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1765_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1765 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1765</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1766_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1766 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1766</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1767_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1767 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1767</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1768_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1768 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1768</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1769_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1769 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1769</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1770_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1770 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1770</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1771_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1771 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1771</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1772_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1772 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1772</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1773_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1773 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1773</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1774_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1774 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1774</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1775_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1775 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1775</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1776_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1776 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1776</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1777_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1777 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1777</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1778_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1778 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1778</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1779_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1779 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1779</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1780_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1780 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1780</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1781_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1781 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1781</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1782_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1782 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1782</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1783_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1783 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1783</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1784_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1784 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1784</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1785_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1785 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1785</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1786_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1786 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1786</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1787_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1787 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1787</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1788 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1788</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1789_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1789 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1789</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1790_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1790 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1790</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1791_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1791 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1791</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1792_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1792 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1793_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1793 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1793</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1794_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1794 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1794</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1795_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1795 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1795</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1796_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1796 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1797_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1797 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1797</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1798_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1798 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1798</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1799_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1799 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1799</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1800_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1800 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1800</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1801_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1801 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1801</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1802_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1802 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1803_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1803 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1803</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1804_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1804 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1804</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1805_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1805 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1805</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1806_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1806 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1806</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1807_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1807 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1807</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1808_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1808 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1808</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1809 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1809</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1810_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1810 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1810</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1811_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1811 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1811</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1812 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1813_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1813 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1813</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1814_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1814 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1814</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1815_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1815 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1815</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1816_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1816 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1816</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1817 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1817</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1818_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1818 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1818</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1819 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1819</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1820_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1820 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1821_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1821 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1821</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1822_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1822 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1822</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1823_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1823 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1823</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1824_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1824 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1824</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1825_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1825 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1825</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1826_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1826 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1826</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1827_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1827 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1827</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1828_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1828 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1829_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1829 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1829</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1830_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1830 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1830</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1831 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1832_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1832 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1833_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1833 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1833</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1834_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1834 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1834</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1835_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1835 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1835</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1836_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1836 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1837_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1837 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1837</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1838_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1838 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1839 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1839</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1840_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1840 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1841_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1841 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1842_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1842 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1842</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1843_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1843 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1843</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1844_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1844 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1845_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1845 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1845</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1846_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1846 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1846</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1847_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1847 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1848_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1848 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1849 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1849</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1850_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1850 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1850</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1851_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1851 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1851</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1852_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1852 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1853 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1853</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1854_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1854 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1854</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1855_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1855 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1855</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1856 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1857_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1857 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1858_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1858 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1858</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1859 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1859</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1860_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1860 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1861_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1861 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1861</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1862_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1862 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1862</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1863_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1863 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1863</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1864 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1865_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1865 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1865</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1866_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1866 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1867_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1867 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1867</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1868 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1869_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1869 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1869</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1870 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1870</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1871_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1871 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1871</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1872_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1872 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1873 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1873</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1874_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1874 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1875_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1875 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1875</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1876_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1876 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1877_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1877 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1877</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1878_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1878 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1879_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1879 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1879</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1880_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1880 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1881_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1881 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1882_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1882 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1882</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1883_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1883 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1883</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1884_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1884 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1885_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1885 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1886_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1886 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1887_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1887 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1888_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1888 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1889_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1889 in the Philippines (page does not exist)">1889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1890 in the Philippines">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1891 in the Philippines">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_in_the_Philippines" title="1892 in the Philippines">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1893 in the Philippines">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1894 in the Philippines">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_in_the_Philippines" title="1895 in the Philippines">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_in_the_Philippines" title="1896 in the Philippines">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897_in_the_Philippines" title="1897 in the Philippines">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_in_the_Philippines" title="1898 in the Philippines">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_the_Philippines" title="1899 in the Philippines">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_the_Philippines" title="1900 in the Philippines">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1901_in_the_Philippines" title="1901 in the Philippines">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_in_the_Philippines" title="1902 in the Philippines">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1903 in the Philippines">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1904 in the Philippines">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 in the Philippines">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1906 in the Philippines">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_in_the_Philippines" title="1907 in the Philippines">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1908 in the Philippines">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1909 in the Philippines">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1910 in the Philippines">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1911 in the Philippines">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 in the Philippines">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1913 in the Philippines">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_the_Philippines" title="1914 in the Philippines">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1915 in the Philippines">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_in_the_Philippines" title="1916 in the Philippines">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1917 in the Philippines">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1918 in the Philippines">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_in_the_Philippines" title="1919 in the Philippines">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1920 in the Philippines">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1921 in the Philippines">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1922 in the Philippines">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1923 in the Philippines">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1924 in the Philippines">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1925 in the Philippines">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1926 in the Philippines">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1927 in the Philippines">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1928 in the Philippines">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1929 in the Philippines">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1930 in the Philippines">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1931 in the Philippines">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1932 in the Philippines">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1933 in the Philippines">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1934 in the Philippines">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_in_the_Philippines" title="1935 in the Philippines">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_in_the_Philippines" title="1936 in the Philippines">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1937 in the Philippines">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1938 in the Philippines">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1939 in the Philippines">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1940 in the Philippines">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_in_the_Philippines" title="1941 in the Philippines">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_the_Philippines" title="1942 in the Philippines">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_in_the_Philippines" title="1943 in the Philippines">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_in_the_Philippines" title="1944 in the Philippines">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_in_the_Philippines" title="1945 in the Philippines">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_in_the_Philippines" title="1946 in the Philippines">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_in_the_Philippines" title="1947 in the Philippines">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 in the Philippines">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_in_the_Philippines" title="1949 in the Philippines">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_in_the_Philippines" title="1950 in the Philippines">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_in_the_Philippines" title="1951 in the Philippines">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_in_the_Philippines" title="1952 in the Philippines">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_in_the_Philippines" title="1953 in the Philippines">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_in_the_Philippines" title="1954 in the Philippines">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1955 in the Philippines">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1956 in the Philippines">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_in_the_Philippines" title="1957 in the Philippines">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_in_the_Philippines" title="1958 in the Philippines">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1959 in the Philippines">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1960 in the Philippines">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_in_the_Philippines" title="1961 in the Philippines">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_in_the_Philippines" title="1962 in the Philippines">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_in_the_Philippines" title="1963 in the Philippines">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_in_the_Philippines" title="1964 in the Philippines">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_in_the_Philippines" title="1965 in the Philippines">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_in_the_Philippines" title="1966 in the Philippines">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_in_the_Philippines" title="1967 in the Philippines">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_in_the_Philippines" title="1968 in the Philippines">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_in_the_Philippines" title="1969 in the Philippines">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_in_the_Philippines" title="1970 in the Philippines">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_in_the_Philippines" title="1971 in the Philippines">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_in_the_Philippines" title="1972 in the Philippines">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_in_the_Philippines" title="1973 in the Philippines">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_in_the_Philippines" title="1974 in the Philippines">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_in_the_Philippines" title="1975 in the Philippines">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_in_the_Philippines" title="1976 in the Philippines">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_in_the_Philippines" title="1977 in the Philippines">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_in_the_Philippines" title="1978 in the Philippines">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_the_Philippines" title="1979 in the Philippines">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_the_Philippines" title="1980 in the Philippines">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_in_the_Philippines" title="1981 in the Philippines">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_the_Philippines" title="1982 in the Philippines">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_the_Philippines" title="1983 in the Philippines">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_the_Philippines" title="1984 in the Philippines">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_in_the_Philippines" title="1985 in the Philippines">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_in_the_Philippines" title="1986 in the Philippines">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_in_the_Philippines" title="1987 in the Philippines">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_in_the_Philippines" title="1988 in the Philippines">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_the_Philippines" title="1989 in the Philippines">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_the_Philippines" title="1990 in the Philippines">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_the_Philippines" title="1991 in the Philippines">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_in_the_Philippines" title="1992 in the Philippines">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_the_Philippines" title="1993 in the Philippines">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_in_the_Philippines" title="1994 in the Philippines">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_in_the_Philippines" title="1995 in the Philippines">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_in_the_Philippines" title="1996 in the Philippines">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_in_the_Philippines" title="1997 in the Philippines">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_in_the_Philippines" title="1998 in the Philippines">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_the_Philippines" title="1999 in the Philippines">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_in_the_Philippines" title="2000 in the Philippines">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_the_Philippines" title="2001 in the Philippines">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_the_Philippines" title="2002 in the Philippines">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_the_Philippines" title="2003 in the Philippines">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_the_Philippines" title="2004 in the Philippines">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_the_Philippines" title="2005 in the Philippines">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_the_Philippines" title="2006 in the Philippines">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_the_Philippines" title="2007 in the Philippines">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_the_Philippines" title="2008 in the Philippines">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_the_Philippines" title="2009 in the Philippines">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_the_Philippines" title="2010 in the Philippines">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_the_Philippines" title="2011 in the Philippines">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_the_Philippines" title="2012 in the Philippines">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_the_Philippines" title="2013 in the Philippines">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_the_Philippines" title="2014 in the Philippines">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_the_Philippines" title="2015 in the Philippines">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_the_Philippines" title="2016 in the Philippines">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_the_Philippines" title="2017 in the Philippines">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_the_Philippines" title="2018 in the Philippines">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_Philippines" title="2019 in the Philippines">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_the_Philippines" title="2020 in the Philippines">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_the_Philippines" title="2021 in the Philippines">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_the_Philippines" title="2022 in the Philippines">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_the_Philippines" title="2023 in the Philippines">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_the_Philippines" title="2024 in the Philippines">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_in_the_Philippines" title="2025 in the Philippines">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Films316" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema in the Philippines">Films</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_before_1940" title="List of Philippine films before 1940">1919–1939</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1919&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1919 (page does not exist)">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1920&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1920 (page does not exist)">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1921&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1921 (page does not exist)">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1922&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1922 (page does not exist)">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1923&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1923 (page does not exist)">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1924&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1924 (page does not exist)">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1925&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1925 (page does not exist)">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1926&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1926 (page does not exist)">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1927&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1927 (page does not exist)">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1928&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1928 (page does not exist)">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1929&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1929 (page does not exist)">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1930&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1930 (page does not exist)">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1931&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1931 (page does not exist)">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1932&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1932 (page does not exist)">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1933&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1933 (page does not exist)">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1934&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1934 (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1935&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1935 (page does not exist)">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1936&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1936 (page does not exist)">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1937&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1937 (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1938&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1938 (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1939&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1939 (page does not exist)">1939</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1940s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1940s">1940–1949</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1940&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1940 (page does not exist)">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1941&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1941 (page does not exist)">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1942&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1942 (page does not exist)">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1943&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1943 (page does not exist)">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1944&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1944 (page does not exist)">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1945&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1945 (page does not exist)">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1946&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1946 (page does not exist)">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1947&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1947 (page does not exist)">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1948&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1948 (page does not exist)">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1949&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1949 (page does not exist)">1949</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1950s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1950s">1950–1959</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1950&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1950 (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1951&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1951 (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1952&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1952 (page does not exist)">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1953&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1953 (page does not exist)">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1954&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1954 (page does not exist)">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1955&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1955 (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1956&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1956 (page does not exist)">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1957&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1957 (page does not exist)">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1958&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1958 (page does not exist)">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1959&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1959 (page does not exist)">1959</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1960s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1960s">1960–1969</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1960&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1960 (page does not exist)">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1961&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1961 (page does not exist)">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1962&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1962 (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1963&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1963 (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1964&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1964 (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1965&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1965 (page does not exist)">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1966&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1966 (page does not exist)">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1967&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1967 (page does not exist)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1968&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1968 (page does not exist)">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1969&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1969 (page does not exist)">1969</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1970s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1970s">1970–1979</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1970&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1970 (page does not exist)">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1971&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1971 (page does not exist)">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1972&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1972 (page does not exist)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1973&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1973 (page does not exist)">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1974&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1974 (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1975&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1975 (page does not exist)">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1976&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1976 (page does not exist)">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1977&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1977 (page does not exist)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1978&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1978 (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1979&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1979 (page does not exist)">1979</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1980s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1980s">1980–1989</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1980&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1980 (page does not exist)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1981&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1981 (page does not exist)">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1982 (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1983&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1983 (page does not exist)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1984&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1984 (page does not exist)">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1985&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1985 (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1986&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1986 (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1987&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1987 (page does not exist)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1988 (page does not exist)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1989 (page does not exist)">1989</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_1990s" title="List of Philippine films of the 1990s">1990–1999</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1990&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1990 (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1991&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1991 (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1992&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1992 (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1993&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1993 (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1994&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1994 (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1995&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1995 (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1996&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1996 (page does not exist)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1997&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1997 (page does not exist)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1998 (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_1999&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 1999 (page does not exist)">1999</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_2000s" title="List of Philippine films of the 2000s">2000–2009</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 2000 (page does not exist)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_2001&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 2001 (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_2002&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 2002 (page does not exist)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_2003&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 2003 (page does not exist)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 2004 (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_2005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 2005 (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_2006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 2006 (page does not exist)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_2007&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 2007 (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_2008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 2008 (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_films_in_2009&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino films in 2009 (page does not exist)">2009</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_2010s" title="List of Philippine films of the 2010s">2010–2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2010" title="List of Philippine films of 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2011" title="List of Philippine films of 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2012" title="List of Philippine films of 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2013" title="List of Philippine films of 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2014" title="List of Philippine films of 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2015" title="List of Philippine films of 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2016" title="List of Philippine films of 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2017" title="List of Philippine films of 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2018" title="List of Philippine films of 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2019" title="List of Philippine films of 2019">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Philippine_films_of_the_2020s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Philippine films of the 2020s (page does not exist)">2020–2029</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2020" title="List of Philippine films of 2020">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2021" title="List of Philippine films of 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2022" title="List of Philippine films of 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2023" title="List of Philippine films of 2023">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2024" title="List of Philippine films of 2024">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_films_of_2025" title="List of Philippine films of 2025">2025</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television316" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Philippine_television" title="List of years in Philippine television">Television</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1946_in_Philippine_television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1946 in Philippine television (page does not exist)">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1947_in_Philippine_television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947 in Philippine television (page does not exist)">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_in_Philippine_television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1948 in Philippine television (page does not exist)">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1949_in_Philippine_television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1949 in Philippine television (page does not exist)">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1950_in_Philippine_television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1950 in Philippine television (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_in_Philippine_television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 in Philippine television (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_in_Philippine_television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1952 in Philippine television (page does not exist)">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1953 in Philippine television">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 in Philippine television">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1955 in Philippine television">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1956 in Philippine television">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1957 in Philippine television">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1958 in Philippine television">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1959 in Philippine television">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1960 in Philippine television">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1961 in Philippine television">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1962 in Philippine television">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1963 in Philippine television">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1964 in Philippine television">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1965 in Philippine television">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1966 in Philippine television">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1967 in Philippine television">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 in Philippine television">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1969 in Philippine television">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1970 in Philippine television">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 in Philippine television">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_in_Philippine_television" title="1972 in Philippine television">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1973 in Philippine television">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 in Philippine television">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_in_Philippine_television" title="1975 in Philippine television">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_in_Philippine_television" title="1976 in Philippine television">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_in_Philippine_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1977 in Philippine television">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_in_Philippine_television" title="1978 in Philippine television">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_Philippine_television" title="1979 in Philippine television">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Philippine_television" title="1980 in Philippine television">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_in_Philippine_television" title="1981 in Philippine television">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_Philippine_television" title="1982 in Philippine television">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Philippine_television" title="1983 in Philippine television">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_Philippine_television" title="1984 in Philippine television">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_in_Philippine_television" title="1985 in Philippine television">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_in_Philippine_television" title="1986 in Philippine television">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_in_Philippine_television" title="1987 in Philippine television">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_in_Philippine_television" title="1988 in Philippine television">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_Philippine_television" title="1989 in Philippine television">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Philippine_television" title="1990 in Philippine television">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Philippine_television" title="1991 in Philippine television">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_in_Philippine_television" title="1992 in Philippine television">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_Philippine_television" title="1993 in Philippine television">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_in_Philippine_television" title="1994 in Philippine television">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_in_Philippine_television" title="1995 in Philippine television">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_in_Philippine_television" title="1996 in Philippine television">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_in_Philippine_television" title="1997 in Philippine television">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_in_Philippine_television" title="1998 in Philippine television">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_Philippine_television" title="1999 in Philippine television">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_in_Philippine_television" title="2000 in Philippine television">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Philippine_television" title="2001 in Philippine television">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_Philippine_television" title="2002 in Philippine television">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_Philippine_television" title="2003 in Philippine television">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_Philippine_television" title="2004 in Philippine television">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Philippine_television" title="2005 in Philippine television">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Philippine_television" title="2006 in Philippine television">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Philippine_television" title="2007 in Philippine television">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Philippine_television" title="2008 in Philippine television">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Philippine_television" title="2009 in Philippine television">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Philippine_television" title="2010 in Philippine television">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Philippine_television" title="2011 in Philippine television">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_Philippine_television" title="2012 in Philippine television">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_Philippine_television" title="2013 in Philippine television">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Philippine_television" title="2014 in Philippine television">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Philippine_television" title="2015 in Philippine television">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Philippine_television" title="2016 in Philippine television">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Philippine_television" title="2017 in Philippine television">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Philippine_television" title="2018 in Philippine television">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Philippine_television" title="2019 in Philippine television">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Philippine_television" title="2020 in Philippine television">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Philippine_television" title="2021 in Philippine television">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Philippine_television" title="2022 in Philippine television">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Philippine_television" title="2023 in Philippine television">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_Philippine_television" title="2024 in Philippine television">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_in_Philippine_television" title="2025 in Philippine television">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Music316" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1960_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1960 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1961_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1961 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1962_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1962 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1963_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1965_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1965 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1966_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1966 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1967_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1967 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1968 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1970 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1971_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1971 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1972_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1972 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1973 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1975_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1975 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1976_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1976 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1977_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1977 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1979 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1981_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1981 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1983 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1984_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1984 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1985 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1987_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1987 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1988_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1988 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1989_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1989 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1993 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1994_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1994 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1996_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1996 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1997 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2002 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2005_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2005 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Philippine_music" title="2010 in Philippine music">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_in_Philippine_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 in Philippine music (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Philippine_music" title="2014 in Philippine music">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Philippine_music" title="2015 in Philippine music">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Philippine_music" title="2016 in Philippine music">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Philippine_music" title="2017 in Philippine music">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Philippine_music" title="2018 in Philippine music">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Philippine_music" title="2019 in Philippine music">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Philippine_music" title="2020 in Philippine music">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Philippine_music" title="2021 in Philippine music">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Philippine_music" title="2022 in Philippine music">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Philippine_music" title="2023 in Philippine music">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_Philippine_music" title="2024 in Philippine music">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_in_Philippine_music" title="2025 in Philippine music">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sports316" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_Philippines" title="Sports in the Philippines">Sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1911_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1911 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1912 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1913 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1914_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1914 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1915_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1915 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1916_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1916 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1917 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1918_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1918 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1919_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1919 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1920_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1921_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1921 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1923_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1923 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1924_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1924 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1925_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1925 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1926_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1926 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1927_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1927 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1928_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1928 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1929_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1929 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1930_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1930 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1931 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1933_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1933 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1935_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1935 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1939_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1939 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1940 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1941_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1941 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1942 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1943_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1943 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1944_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1944 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1945_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1945 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1946_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1946 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1947_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1948 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1949_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1949 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1950_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1950 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1952 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1953_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1953 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1954_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1954 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1956_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1956 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1957_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1957 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1958_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1958 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1960_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1960 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1961_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1961 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1962_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1962 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1963_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1965_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1965 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1966_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1966 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1967_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1967 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1968 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1970 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1971_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1971 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1972_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1972 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1973 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1975_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1975 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1976_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1976 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1977_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1977 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1979 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1981_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1981 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1983 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1984_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1984 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1985 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1987_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1987 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1988_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1988 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1989_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1989 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1993 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1994_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1994 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1996_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1996 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1997 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2002 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2005_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2005 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Philippine_sports" title="2010 in Philippine sports">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_in_Philippine_sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 in Philippine sports (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_Philippine_sports" title="2013 in Philippine sports">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Philippine_sports" title="2014 in Philippine sports">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Philippine_sports" title="2015 in Philippine sports">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Philippine_sports" title="2016 in Philippine sports">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Philippine_sports" title="2017 in Philippine sports">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Philippine_sports" title="2018 in Philippine sports">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Philippine_sports" title="2019 in Philippine sports">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Philippine_sports" title="2020 in Philippine sports">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Philippine_sports" title="2021 in Philippine sports">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Philippine_sports" title="2022 in Philippine sports">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Philippine_sports" title="2023 in Philippine sports">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_Philippine_sports" title="2024 in Philippine sports">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_in_Philippine_sports" title="2025 in Philippine sports">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Law_and_Politics316" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Law_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Law in the Philippines">Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politics_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics in the Philippines">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1896 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1897_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1897 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1898_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1898 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1899 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1901 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1902_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1902 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1904_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1904 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1905_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1905 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1906_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1906 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1907_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1907 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1908_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1908 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1909_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1909 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1910_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1910 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1911_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1911 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1912 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1913 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1914_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1914 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1915_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1915 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1916_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1916 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1917 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1918_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1918 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1919_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1919 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1920_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1921_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1921 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1923_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1923 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1924_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1924 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1925_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1925 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1926_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1926 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1927_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1927 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1928_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1928 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1929_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1929 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1930_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1930 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1931 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1933_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1933 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1935_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1935 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1939_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1939 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1940 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1941_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1941 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1942 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1943_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1943 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1944_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1944 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1945_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1945 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1946_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1946 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1947_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1948 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1949_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1949 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1950_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1950 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1952 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1953_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1953 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1954_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1954 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1956_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1956 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1957_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1957 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1958_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1958 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1960_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1960 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1961_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1961 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1962_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1962 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1963_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1965_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1965 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1966_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1966 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1967_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1967 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1968 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1970 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1971_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1971 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1972_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1972 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1973 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1975_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1975 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1976_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1976 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1977_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1977 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1979 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1981_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1981 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1983 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1984_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1984 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1985 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1987_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1987 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1988_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1988 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1989_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1989 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1993 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1994_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1994 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1996_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1996 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1997 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2002 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2005_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2005 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2010_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Philippine_law_and_politics" title="2016 in Philippine law and politics">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Philippine_law_and_politics" title="2017 in Philippine law and politics">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2020 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2021 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2022 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2024_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2024 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_in_Philippine_law_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2025 in Philippine law and politics (page does not exist)">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_cinema464" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_cinema" title="Template:World cinema"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_cinema" title="Template talk:World cinema"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_cinema" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World cinema"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_cinema464" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_cinema" title="World cinema">World cinema</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_cinema" title="National cinema">National cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Africa" title="Cinema of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Algeria" title="Cinema of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Libya" title="Cinema of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Morocco" title="Cinema of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tunisia" title="Cinema of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Djibouti" title="Cinema of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Eritrea" title="Cinema of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ethiopia" title="Cinema of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kenya" title="Cinema of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Madagascar" title="Cinema of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mauritius" title="Cinema of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Somalia" title="Cinema of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Sudan" title="Cinema of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sudan" title="Cinema of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tanzania" title="Cinema of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uganda" title="Cinema of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Zambia" title="Cinema of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Zimbabwe" title="Cinema of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Benin" title="Cinema of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Cinema of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cape_Verde" title="Cinema of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ghana" title="Cinema of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Liberia" title="Cinema of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Niger" title="Cinema of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nigeria" title="Cinema of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Senegal" title="Cinema of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Togo" title="Cinema of Togo">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Angola" title="Cinema of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cameroon" title="Cinema of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cinema of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chad" title="Cinema of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Cinema of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Gabon" title="Cinema of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cinema of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Botswana" title="Cinema of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Namibia" title="Cinema of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Africa" title="Cinema of South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cinema">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Korea" title="Cinema of Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Korea" title="Cinema of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Korea" title="Cinema of South Korea">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mongolia" title="Cinema of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Taiwan" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cinema" title="South Asian cinema">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bangladesh" title="Cinema of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bhutan" title="Cinema of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cinema" title="Assamese cinema">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cinema,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali cinema, India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_cinema" title="Bhojpuri cinema">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cinema" title="Chhattisgarhi cinema">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccani_film_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccani film industry">Deccani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_cinema" title="Dogri cinema">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cinema" title="Gujarati cinema">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cinema" title="Haryanvi cinema">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cinema" title="Kashmiri cinema">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_cinema" title="Khasi cinema">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_cinema" title="Konkani cinema">Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_cinema" title="Malayalam cinema">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_cinema" title="Meitei cinema">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_cinema" title="Marathi cinema">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Odisha" title="Cinema of Odisha">Oriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cinema" title="Punjabi cinema">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Rajasthan" title="Cinema of Rajasthan">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_cinema" title="Sanskrit cinema">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cinema" title="Tamil cinema">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_cinema" title="Telugu cinema">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_cinema" title="Tulu cinema">Tulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nepal" title="Cinema of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lollywood" title="Lollywood">Lollywood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Cinema of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cinema" title="Southeast Asian cinema">Southeastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cambodia" title="Cinema of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Laos" title="Cinema of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Singapore" title="Cinema of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Thailand" title="Cinema of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Central_Asia" title="Cinema of Central Asia">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Afghanistan" title="Cinema of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kazakhstan" title="Cinema of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Cinema of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tajikistan" title="Cinema of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkmenistan" title="Cinema of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uzbekistan" title="Cinema of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_West_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of West Asia">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Armenia" title="Cinema of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bahrain" title="Cinema of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia" title="Cinema of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iran" title="Cinema of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iraq" title="Cinema of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Israel" title="Cinema of Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish cinema">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jordan" title="Cinema of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kuwait" title="Cinema of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lebanon" title="Cinema of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oman" title="Cinema of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Qatar" title="Cinema of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Cinema of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Syria" title="Cinema of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cinema of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yemen" title="Cinema of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Cinema of the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belarus" title="Cinema of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bulgaria" title="Cinema of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Cinema of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hungary" title="Cinema of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Moldova" title="Cinema of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Poland" title="Cinema of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Cinema of the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovakia" title="Cinema of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ukraine" title="Cinema of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Denmark" title="Cinema of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Estonia" title="Cinema of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Cinema of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Finland" title="Cinema of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iceland" title="Cinema of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ireland" title="Cinema of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Latvia" title="Cinema of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden" title="Cinema of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Cinema of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Scotland" title="Cinema of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Wales" title="Cinema of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_films" title="List of Bosnia and Herzegovina films">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Greece" title="Cinema of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kosovo" title="Cinema of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maltese_films" title="List of Maltese films">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Macedonia" title="Cinema of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yugoslavia" title="Cinema of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan cinema">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Galicia" title="Cinema of Galicia">Galicia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Austria" title="Cinema of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belgium" title="Cinema of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish-German_cinema" title="Turkish-German cinema">German Turks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Luxembourg" title="Cinema of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="North American cinema">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Quebec" title="Cinema of Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Costa_Rica" title="Cinema of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cuba" title="Cinema of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dominican_Republic_films" title="List of Dominican Republic films">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Haiti" title="Cinema of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jamaica" title="Cinema of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mexico" title="Cinema of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Cinema of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of South America">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Argentina" title="Cinema of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bolivia" title="Cinema of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Brazil" title="Cinema of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chile" title="Cinema of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Colombia" title="Cinema of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ecuador" title="Cinema of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Paraguay" title="Cinema of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Peru" title="Cinema of Peru">Peru</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iquitos" title="Cinema of Iquitos">Iquitos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Suriname" title="Cinema of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uruguay" title="Cinema of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Venezuela" title="Cinema of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_films" title="List of Oceanian films">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Australia" title="Cinema of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Fiji" title="Cinema of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Samoa" title="Cinema of Samoa">Samoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intercontinental<br />& transnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cinema" title="Arab cinema">Arab World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cinema" title="Balochi cinema">Balochi cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Middle_East" title="Cinema of the Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cinema" title="Kurdish cinema">Kurdish cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American cinema">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/16px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/24px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/32px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cinema_of_Asia410" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cinema_of_Asia410" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">Cinema of Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Afghanistan" title="Cinema of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Armenia" title="Cinema of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bahrain" title="Cinema of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bangladesh" title="Cinema of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bhutan" title="Cinema of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cambodia" title="Cinema of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iran" title="Cinema of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iraq" title="Cinema of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Israel" title="Cinema of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jordan" title="Cinema of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kazakhstan" title="Cinema of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Korea" title="Cinema of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Korea" title="Cinema of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kuwait" title="Cinema of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Cinema of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Laos" title="Cinema of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lebanon" title="Cinema of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mongolia" title="Cinema of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Myanmar" title="Cinema of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nepal" title="Cinema of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oman" title="Cinema of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Qatar" title="Cinema of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Cinema of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Singapore" title="Cinema of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Cinema of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Syria" title="Cinema of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tajikistan" title="Cinema of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Thailand" title="Cinema of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Timor-Leste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Timor-Leste (page does not exist)">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkmenistan" title="Cinema of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cinema of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uzbekistan" title="Cinema of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yemen" title="Cinema of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Taiwan" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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