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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Great_Trust_and_Commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Great_Trust_and_Commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>The Great Trust and Commission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Great_Trust_and_Commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_conspiracy_in_Cheshire_and_Lancashire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_conspiracy_in_Cheshire_and_Lancashire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The conspiracy in Cheshire and Lancashire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_conspiracy_in_Cheshire_and_Lancashire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_national_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_national_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The national insurgency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_national_insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Booth's_Uprising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Booth's_Uprising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Booth's Uprising</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Booth's_Uprising-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Booth's Uprising subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Booth's_Uprising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Government response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Winnington_Bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Winnington_Bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Winnington Bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Winnington_Bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_uprising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_uprising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>End of the uprising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_uprising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div 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.desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Booth's Uprising</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Wars of the Three Kingdoms">Wars of the Three Kingdoms</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Mordaunt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/John_Mordaunt.jpg/220px-John_Mordaunt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/John_Mordaunt.jpg/330px-John_Mordaunt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/John_Mordaunt.jpg/440px-John_Mordaunt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><br />Lead conspirator <a href="/wiki/John_Mordaunt,_1st_Viscount_Mordaunt" title="John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt">John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1 August 1659 – 24 August 1659</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denbighshire_(historic)" title="Denbighshire (historic)">Denbighshire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Government victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England"><img alt="Commonwealth of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg/19px-Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg/29px-Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg/38px-Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/46px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="780" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">Royalists</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England"><img alt="Commonwealth of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg/19px-Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg/29px-Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg/38px-Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Lambert_(general)" title="John Lambert (general)">John Lambert</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England"><img alt="Commonwealth of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg/19px-Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg/29px-Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg/38px-Flag_of_The_Commonwealth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Sankey" title="Jerome Sankey">Jerome Sankey</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/46px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="780" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Mordaunt,_1st_Viscount_Mordaunt" title="John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt">John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/46px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="780" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_Booth,_1st_Baron_Delamer" title="George Booth, 1st Baron Delamer">Sir George Booth</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/46px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="780" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Whitley" title="Roger Whitley">Roger Whitley</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/46px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="780" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Myddelton_(younger)" title="Thomas Myddelton (younger)">Sir Thomas Myddelton</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg/46px-Royal_Standard_of_England_%281603-1649%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="780" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Ireland" title="Gilbert Ireland">Gilbert Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>3000 foot</li><li>1200 horse</li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> c.4000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1 killed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971283_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971283-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 30 killed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971283_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971283-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Booth's Uprising</b>, also known as <b>Booth's Rebellion</b> or the <b>Cheshire Rising of 1659</b>, was an unsuccessful attempt in August 1659 to restore <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a>. Centred on <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a> and led by <a href="/wiki/George_Booth,_1st_Baron_Delamer" title="George Booth, 1st Baron Delamer">George Booth</a>, it took place during the political turmoil that followed the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard Cromwell</a> as head of <a href="/wiki/The_Protectorate" title="The Protectorate">The Protectorate</a>. </p><p>Intended as part of a national revolt organised by <a href="/wiki/John_Mordaunt,_1st_Viscount_Mordaunt" title="John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt">John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt</a>, only the element led by Booth was initially successful; other local risings either failed to take place or were quickly suppressed. Booth seized the important city of <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a>, while local commanders at <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a> also joined, but found himself isolated. </p><p>On 19 August, a government force under <a href="/wiki/John_Lambert_(general)" title="John Lambert (general)">John Lambert</a> defeated Booth at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Winnington_Bridge" title="Battle of Winnington Bridge">Winnington Bridge</a> near <a href="/wiki/Northwich" title="Northwich">Northwich</a>, sometimes described as the final battle of the Civil War. Liverpool and Chester surrendered soon after; although Booth was captured and briefly imprisoned, he escaped punishment. The Commonwealth collapsed in 1660, leading to <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">the Restoration</a> of the monarchy, and Booth was rewarded with a peerage. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Booth%27s_Uprising&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite defeat in the <a href="/wiki/First_English_Civil_War" title="First English Civil War">First English Civil War</a>, Charles I retained significant political power; this allowed him to create an alliance with Scots <a href="/wiki/Covenanters" title="Covenanters">Covenanters</a> and Parliamentarian moderates to restore him to the English throne. The moderates, who generally supported a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>, included many <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterians</a>, who wanted to retain a state church; they were opposed in Parliament by a minority of religious <a href="/wiki/Independent_(religion)" title="Independent (religion)">Independents</a>, who opposed any form of state church, and political radicals like the <a href="/wiki/Levellers" title="Levellers">Levellers</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott2003158–160_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott2003158–160-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_I_at_his_trial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Charles_I_at_his_trial.jpg/150px-Charles_I_at_his_trial.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Charles_I_at_his_trial.jpg/225px-Charles_I_at_his_trial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Charles_I_at_his_trial.jpg/300px-Charles_I_at_his_trial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Charles I at his trial, January 1649; many MPs strongly opposed his prosecution for treason.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although defeated in the 1648 <a href="/wiki/Second_English_Civil_War" title="Second English Civil War">Second English Civil War</a>, Charles continued attempts to instigate another armed uprising. Elements of the <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">New Model Army</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> and his supporters in Parliament, argued only his death could bring peace. Their proposal he be prosecuted for <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a> was opposed by the majority of MPs, many of whom were excluded by <a href="/wiki/Pride%27s_Purge" title="Pride's Purge">Pride's Purge</a> in December 1648; even then, only 83 of the 210 members of the <a href="/wiki/Rump_Parliament" title="Rump Parliament">Rump Parliament</a> voted in favour. After Charles was executed in January 1649, <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalist</a> hopes centred on his son, the exiled <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott2003188–200_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott2003188–200-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the 1651 <a href="/wiki/Third_English_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Third English Civil War">Third English Civil War</a> failed to restore the monarchy, many Parliamentarians opposed the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_the_Major-Generals" title="Rule of the Major-Generals">role of the military</a> in government, and continuing instability led to Cromwell's appointment as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a> in 1653. After his death in September 1658, he was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard</a>; a significant element of the broad-based <a href="/wiki/Third_Protectorate_Parliament" title="Third Protectorate Parliament">Third Protectorate Parliament</a> supported the restoration of <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchy</a>, and deep political divisions meant it was unable to provide stable government. In May 1659, the Army removed Richard Cromwell and re-seated the Rump Parliament; political uncertainty created a situation Royalist agents and the Stuart exiles hoped to exploit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmuts1999134_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmuts1999134-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Underlying these concerns was a growing fear that a "social and religious revolution was imminent".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackwood197975–76_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackwood197975–76-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a widespread perception the Army and Rump Parliament were actively supporting religious radicals and undermining the gentry's traditional leading role in society. This was heightened when in mid 1659 the country's militia committees were put into the hands of those regarded as "persons of no degree or quality".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackwood197975–76_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackwood197975–76-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Great_Trust_and_Commission">The Great Trust and Commission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Booth%27s_Uprising&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Great Trust and Commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A series of poorly planned Royalist revolts after 1648 led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Sealed_Knot" title="Sealed Knot">Sealed Knot</a>, a small group of aristocrats responsible for co-ordinating future activity in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>. It reported to <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon">Edward Hyde</a> and the <a href="/wiki/James_Butler,_1st_Duke_of_Ormond" title="James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond">Earl of Ormond</a>, who opposed alliances with other opponents of the Commonwealth, including politically moderate Presbyterians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlant2008a_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlant2008a-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its effectiveness was undermined as one member, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Willis,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Willis, 1st Baronet">Sir Richard Willis</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Double_agent" title="Double agent">double agent</a> working for Cromwell's spymaster, <a href="/wiki/John_Thurloe" title="John Thurloe">John Thurloe</a>, while he also had a long-standing personal dispute with <a href="/wiki/John_Belasyse,_1st_Baron_Belasyse" title="John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse">Lord John Belasyse</a>, another of its leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewman197813_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewman197813-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1659, Hyde, Ormond and the Sealed Knot felt the Commonwealth was collapsing on its own but a faction known as the "Action Party" argued this only be achieved immediately by an uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMayers200495_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMayers200495-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord-Belasyse-93.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Lord-Belasyse-93.jpg/180px-Lord-Belasyse-93.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Lord-Belasyse-93.jpg/270px-Lord-Belasyse-93.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Lord-Belasyse-93.jpg/360px-Lord-Belasyse-93.jpg 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="1195" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Belasyse,_1st_Baron_Belasyse" title="John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse">Lord John Belasyse</a>, one of the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Sealed_Knot" title="Sealed Knot">Sealed Knot</a></figcaption></figure> <p>With Charles growing increasingly impatient, Hyde secured his own position at court and control of the conspiracy by supporting it. Based on his advice, on 1 March 1659 Charles created the "Great Trust and Commission", which comprised the six members of the Sealed Knot plus <a href="/wiki/John_Mordaunt,_1st_Viscount_Mordaunt" title="John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt">John Mordaunt</a>, younger brother of the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mordaunt,_2nd_Earl_of_Peterborough" title="Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough">Earl of Peterborough</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMayers200495_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMayers200495-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Realising his colleagues had little enthusiasm for a revolt they viewed as both unwise and unnecessary, Mordaunt began recruiting others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971235_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971235-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They included former Royalist officers like <a href="/wiki/William_Legge_(Royalist)" title="William Legge (Royalist)">William Legge</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Compton,_3rd_Earl_of_Northampton" title="James Compton, 3rd Earl of Northampton">James Compton</a>, brother of Sealed Knot member <a href="/wiki/William_Compton_(army_officer)" title="William Compton (army officer)">William</a>, and moderate Presbyterians including Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Waller" title="William Waller">William Waller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Massey" title="Edward Massey">Edward Massey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlant2008b_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlant2008b-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The strategy was designed by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Whitley" title="Roger Whitley">Roger Whitley</a> who argued since there was no guarantee when or where external help would arrive, a decentralised series of local risings would be most flexible. It envisaged uniting impoverished ex-Royalists with disaffected Presbyterians, suggesting Charles encourage the latter by promising "to settle all differences in Religion". Mordaunt was unable to secure commitment from Major-General <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Browne,_1st_Baronet,_of_London" title="Sir Richard Browne, 1st Baronet, of London">Browne</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, but focused efforts on strategic ports at <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> and <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn" title="King's Lynn">Lynn</a>, with other major risings at <a href="/wiki/Shrewsbury" title="Shrewsbury">Shrewsbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warwick" title="Warwick">Warwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a>, while a series of diversionary actions were planned elsewhere, including one in Cheshire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957428_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957428-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974303–305_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974303–305-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By July 1659 Mordaunt felt there was a good chance of success with "confusion now so great [...] dayly and hourely considerable people turn to the King"; in addition to those already mentioned, his agents also claimed support from influential moderate Presbyterians such as <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Popham" title="Alexander Popham">Alexander Popham</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMayers200494_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMayers200494-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the degree of support was likely exaggerated by Mordaunt, the exiled court also became involved; in July the <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">Duke of York</a> wrote to the North Wales Royalist <a href="/wiki/John_Owen_(Royalist)" title="John Owen (Royalist)">Sir John Owen</a> stating that "the time draws near for action".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESecond_Report_of_the_Royal_Commission_on_Historical_Manuscripts187187_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESecond_Report_of_the_Royal_Commission_on_Historical_Manuscripts187187-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fearing further delays would result in the plans being discovered by the government, Mordaunt issued an order for a general rising on 1 August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957430_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957430-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_conspiracy_in_Cheshire_and_Lancashire">The conspiracy in Cheshire and Lancashire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Booth%27s_Uprising&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The conspiracy in Cheshire and Lancashire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Lely_-_Portrait_of_a_man,_thought_to_be_George_Booth,_Lord_Delamere_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Peter_Lely_-_Portrait_of_a_man%2C_thought_to_be_George_Booth%2C_Lord_Delamere_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-Peter_Lely_-_Portrait_of_a_man%2C_thought_to_be_George_Booth%2C_Lord_Delamere_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Peter_Lely_-_Portrait_of_a_man%2C_thought_to_be_George_Booth%2C_Lord_Delamere_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/270px-Peter_Lely_-_Portrait_of_a_man%2C_thought_to_be_George_Booth%2C_Lord_Delamere_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Peter_Lely_-_Portrait_of_a_man%2C_thought_to_be_George_Booth%2C_Lord_Delamere_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/360px-Peter_Lely_-_Portrait_of_a_man%2C_thought_to_be_George_Booth%2C_Lord_Delamere_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="2387" /></a><figcaption>Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lely" title="Peter Lely">Lely</a> thought to be of Sir George Booth.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mordaunt initially discounted a Cheshire rising due to the lack of credible Royalist leaders in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974303_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974303-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An alternative was provided by <a href="/wiki/George_Booth,_1st_Baron_Delamer" title="George Booth, 1st Baron Delamer">Sir George Booth</a>, who fought for Parliament throughout the First Civil War, and was elected MP for <a href="/wiki/Cheshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cheshire (UK Parliament constituency)">Cheshire</a> in 1646. Part of the Presbyterian faction that dominated the Long Parliament and many of the pre-war county elites, Booth was excluded in <a href="/wiki/Pride%27s_Purge" title="Pride's Purge">December 1648</a>, then re-elected in 1652 and retained his seat throughout the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">Protectorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, he was barred from <a href="/wiki/Second_Protectorate_Parliament" title="Second Protectorate Parliament">Parliament</a> on suspicion of involvement in the 1655 <a href="/wiki/Penruddock_uprising" title="Penruddock uprising">Penruddock uprising</a>, while he referred to the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_the_Major-Generals" title="Rule of the Major-Generals">Major-Generals</a> as "Cromwell's hangmen". This record of opposition to the regime, social position and wealth combined to make him an attractive figure to the "Great Trust".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974302_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974302-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After meeting Mordaunt several times in London, he joined the conspiracy and returned to Cheshire in May; by July, he had secured a number of promises of local backing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974303–304_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974303–304-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although not generally considered a disaffected area, circumstances combined to make Cheshire a suitable recruiting ground. During the First Civil War, Booth's main local rival for leadership of the Parliamentarian cause was <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Brereton,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir William Brereton, 1st Baronet">Sir William Brereton</a>; in 1646, he was 'one of the most powerful and influential men in England', but he retired to London, leaving a power vacuum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1985319_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1985319-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other factors were the continuing erosion of the gentry's status under the Commonwealth, and the deeply unpopular <a href="/wiki/Charles_Worsley" title="Charles Worsley">Charles Worsley</a>, one of the Major-Generals who governed the area from 1655 until his death in 1656.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974274–280_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974274–280-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These issues were mirrored in the adjacent county of Lancashire. Local Presbyterians continued to pray for Charles II after doing so was banned in 1650, but remained loyal in <a href="/wiki/Third_English_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Third English Civil War">1651</a>, largely because of the strength of local Catholicism and its association with Royalism. However, in July 1659 Parliament passed a new Militia Act further reducing the power of the old elite, while it was falsely claimed local 'religious schismatics', or <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a>, were preparing a revolt. Many viewed the combination as confirmation of social revolution, including <a href="/wiki/Henry_Newcome" title="Henry Newcome">Henry Newcome</a>, Presbyterian minister of <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Cathedral#Collegiate_church" title="Manchester Cathedral">Manchester Collegiate church</a>, who was a prominent supporter of the rising.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackwood197975–76_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackwood197975–76-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_national_insurgency">The national insurgency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Booth%27s_Uprising&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The national insurgency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Massie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Edward_Massie.jpg/180px-Edward_Massie.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Edward_Massie.jpg/270px-Edward_Massie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Edward_Massie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edward_Massey" title="Edward Massey">Edward Massey</a>, former Parliamentarian governor of <a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a>; Mordaunt's instructions to him were intercepted on 28 July</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite the ongoing political instability, the government intelligence service continued to function and was aware of a planned revolt. As early as 9 July, orders were issued to local militias, while the Navy blockaded <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a>, the port through which Charles was most likely to sail for England. On 28 July, the authorities received confirmation of the plan when they intercepted letters from Mordaunt to <a href="/wiki/Edward_Massey" title="Edward Massey">Edward Massey</a> with final instructions for the rising at Gloucester.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957433_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957433-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While not necessarily a setback nationally, realisation the government had been alerted probably discouraged many from joining on 1 August,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957434_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957434-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as did a "dismal letter of foreboding" from the Sealed Knot received by local conspirators on 31 July.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974307_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974307-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local risings began as ordered on 1 August, but it soon became clear numbers were far below those expected. Several rendezvous points were already patrolled by the county militia; 120 horsemen assembled in <a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Forest" title="Sherwood Forest">Sherwood Forest</a> under <a href="/wiki/Richard_Byron,_2nd_Baron_Byron" title="Richard Byron, 2nd Baron Byron">Richard Byron</a> and Charles White of <a href="/wiki/Newthorpe,_Nottinghamshire" title="Newthorpe, Nottinghamshire">Newthorpe</a>, intending to take <a href="/wiki/Newark-on-Trent" title="Newark-on-Trent">Newark</a>, but were pursued and dispersed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHopper2020_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHopper2020-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Shropshire, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Lyttelton,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Lyttelton, 3rd Baronet">Charles Lyttelton</a> was to mount a surprise attack on <a href="/wiki/Shrewsbury" title="Shrewsbury">Shrewsbury</a>, but only 50 men joined him: they marched as far as <a href="/wiki/The_Wrekin" title="The Wrekin">the Wrekin</a> before dispersing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957434_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957434-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mordaunt, who escaped arrest on 28 July, gathered around 30 men on <a href="/wiki/Banstead_Downs" title="Banstead Downs">Banstead Downs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, but fled when it became clear the insurgency was failing. Charles White and others from the Nottinghamshire group reached <a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a>, where they declared for Charles and briefly tried to raise additional forces, but here as elsewhere the rebels were quickly suppressed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957435_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957435-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Booth's_Uprising"><span id="Booth.27s_Uprising"></span>Booth's Uprising</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Booth%27s_Uprising&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Booth's Uprising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Cheshire, Booth seems to have considered cancelling the rising, but as 31 July was a Sunday, many Presbyterian clergy had called on their congregations to join him. This meant men were already being assembled and arms gathered, giving the leaders little choice but to continue; Booth mustered several hundred supporters at <a href="/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a> on 1 August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974307_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974307-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The senior government officer in Lancashire was Colonel <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Birch_(English_Parliamentarian)" title="Thomas Birch (English Parliamentarian)">Thomas Birch</a>, Booth's colleague during the First English Civil War. He was advised of the letters intercepted on 28 July, but made little effort to stop the rising; Birch was instrumental in the appointment of Newcome to the Manchester Collegiate Church in 1656, and his sympathies may have been divided.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitehead2004_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitehead2004-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;border-color:black"><div style="position:relative;width:250px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheshire_UK_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Booth's Uprising is located in Cheshire"><img alt="Booth's Uprising is located in Cheshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cheshire_UK_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Cheshire_UK_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cheshire_UK_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Cheshire_UK_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cheshire_UK_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Cheshire_UK_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="1539" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.75%;left:25.908%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chester"><img alt="Chester" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Chester</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:81.071%;left:13.083%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wrexham"><img alt="Wrexham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Wrexham</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.643%;left:46.083%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Warrington"><img alt="Warrington" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Warrington</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.036%;left:52.667%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Northwich"><img alt="Northwich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Northwich</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:77.321%;left:52.333%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nantwich"><img alt="Nantwich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Nantwich</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.21%;left:50.968%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Winnington Bridge"><img alt="Winnington Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Winnington Bridge</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.357%;left:13.2%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Liverpool"><img alt="Liverpool" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Liverpool</div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheshire_UK_relief_location_map.jpg" title="File:Cheshire UK relief location map.jpg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Booth's Uprising, August 1659; key locations</div></div></div> <p>Booth advanced towards Chester and on the 2nd held a new rendezvous at <a href="/wiki/Rowton,_Cheshire" title="Rowton, Cheshire">Rowton Heath</a>, where he issued a "Declaration" and a second manifesto titled "A Letter to a Friend".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974307_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974307-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This omitted any mention of Charles, stating only that the rebels wanted the readmission of excluded members of the <a href="/wiki/Long_Parliament" title="Long Parliament">Long Parliament</a>, or elections to a new Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957438–439_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957438–439-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since he was assured of Royalist support, Booth focused on appealing to fellow Presbyterians, combined with attacks on the Rump's corruption, and a promise to the "undeceived part of the Army" to increase their pay. This approach was relatively successful; unlike other parts of the country, he gained the support of "almost all the local gentry and nobility", including former Royalists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957438–439_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957438–439-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 August sympathisers in Chester allowed Booth into the city; as more recruits came in, his force grew to around 3,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957437_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957437-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The governor, Captain Thomas Croxton, and his militia took refuge in <a href="/wiki/Chester_Castle" title="Chester Castle">Chester Castle</a>; without siege artillery Booth was unable to dislodge them, and after leaving 700 men to blockade the castle, he marched on <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> with the majority of the rebels. He was joined at <a href="/wiki/Bidston" title="Bidston">Bidston</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stanley,_8th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Charles Stanley, 8th Earl of Derby">Earl of Derby</a>, head of a prominent Royalist family, as well as <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Ireland" title="Gilbert Ireland">Gilbert Ireland</a>, MP for <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Liverpool (UK Parliament constituency)">Liverpool</a> and another political moderate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackwood197975_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackwood197975-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second contingent under Randolph Egerton left Chester and crossed the Welsh border to <a href="/wiki/Chirk_Castle" title="Chirk Castle">Chirk Castle</a>, home of former Parliamentarian commander <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Myddelton_(younger)" title="Thomas Myddelton (younger)">Sir Thomas Myddelton</a>. Myddelton joined Egerton and led the rebels from Chirk to <a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a>, the area's principal town, drawing in other local sympathisers. Unlike Booth, many of his followers were Royalists, and in contrast to the cautious "Declaration", Myddelton openly proclaimed Charles as King on 7 August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJenkins198740_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkins198740-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_response">Government response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Booth%27s_Uprising&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Government response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parliament responded quickly to news of the rising, appointing Major-General <a href="/wiki/John_Lambert_(general)" title="John Lambert (general)">John Lambert</a> to suppress it. Two regiments of foot left London on 5 August; Lambert followed the next day with the cavalry and made rapid progress, despite heavy rain and initial near-mutiny among his men due to lack of pay.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957441–442_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957441–442-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A brigade of 1,500 foot and horse under Colonels <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Axtell" title="Daniel Axtell">Axtell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Sankey" title="Jerome Sankey">Sankey</a> were recalled from Ireland; they arrived at the North Wales port of <a href="/wiki/Beaumaris" title="Beaumaris">Beaumaris</a>, although one transport with 30 cavalry sank en route.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELudlow1771291–292_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELudlow1771291–292-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Learning of Lambert's approach, Booth appeared uncertain on how to respond, but first attempted to appeal to his soldiers directly by issuing a new communication, the "Express". Faced with the choice of confronting Lambert's veterans, returning to Chester to await the arrival of Charles and his exiles, or retreating towards North Wales, Booth resorted to "wandering about in mid-Cheshire to the dismay of his fellow leaders".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974309_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974309-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lambert responded to an attempt to open negotiations by demanding he surrender; when a second approach was made by a group of Presbyterian ministers, it simply confirmed his opponents wanted to avoid fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957441_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957441-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Winnington_Bridge">Winnington Bridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Booth%27s_Uprising&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Winnington Bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Winnington_Bridge" title="Battle of Winnington Bridge">Battle of Winnington Bridge</a></div> <p>The foot regiments from London mustered with the cavalry at <a href="/wiki/Market_Drayton" title="Market Drayton">Market Drayton</a> on 14 August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson1909167–172_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson1909167–172-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lambert reached <a href="/wiki/Nantwich" title="Nantwich">Nantwich</a> on 15th, while Booth fell back on Chester; the same day two warships blockaded the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/River_Dee,_Wales" title="River Dee, Wales">River Dee</a>, preventing aid reaching the rebels by sea. Lambert advanced rapidly towards <a href="/wiki/Northwich" title="Northwich">Northwich</a> and on 18 August, he almost caught Booth's forces by surprise; they were saved only by a rapid withdrawal ordered by Roger Whitley.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957441_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957441-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lambert's scouts made contact with Booth's rearguard in the <a href="/wiki/Delamere_Forest" title="Delamere Forest">Delamere Forest</a>, before camping for the night at <a href="/wiki/Weaverham" title="Weaverham">Weaverham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson1909167–72_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson1909167–72-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early on 19 August, most of Booth's force was drawn up in battle order on high, broken ground near <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Cheshire" title="Hartford, Cheshire">Hartford</a> north and west of the <a href="/wiki/River_Weaver" title="River Weaver">River Weaver</a>. Although the ground was unsuitable for cavalry, Lambert nevertheless attacked, driving their outposts back to Winnington Bridge, where they attempted a stand, before retreating after a "fierce but brief" battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974309_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974309-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rebel cavalry was quickly routed, while their infantry escaped into some nearby enclosures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson1909167–72_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson1909167–72-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government army made no effort to pursue them and losses were minimal on both sides; Lambert reported 30 rebels killed at Winnington Bridge, the only notable casualty being Captain Edward Morgan of <a href="/wiki/Llanasa" title="Llanasa">Golden Grove</a>, Flintshire, killed covering their retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker1958161_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker1958161-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_the_uprising">End of the uprising</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Booth%27s_Uprising&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: End of the uprising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chirk_Castle_from_the_North.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Chirk_Castle_from_the_North.jpg/220px-Chirk_Castle_from_the_North.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Chirk_Castle_from_the_North.jpg/330px-Chirk_Castle_from_the_North.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Chirk_Castle_from_the_North.jpg/440px-Chirk_Castle_from_the_North.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chirk_Castle" title="Chirk Castle">Chirk Castle</a>, in 1725; the final rebel outpost to surrender, at the end of August.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the gentry leaders fled, and then surrendered, following the battle. Chester surrendered to Lambert on 21 August, followed by Liverpool shortly afterwards; the rest of Cheshire and Lancashire were back in government hands within a week. The last to submit were the remaining North Wales insurgents under Myddelton's eldest son <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Myddelton,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Myddelton, 2nd Baronet">Thomas</a>, who withdrew into Chirk Castle; they eventually surrendered to Sankey's "Irish Brigade" at the end of the month.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974309_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974309-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Booth fled south after Winnington Bridge, travelling in a carriage and disguising himself in women's clothes as "Lady Dorothy". He was eventually arrested at <a href="/wiki/Newport_Pagnell" title="Newport Pagnell">Newport Pagnell</a> after a suspicious innkeeper noted his 'female' guest asking for a barber and a razor: by the end of August he was in custody in London.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974309_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974309-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mordaunt himself evaded efforts to locate him and escaped the country in September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971281_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971281-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite news of the failures outside Cheshire, Charles travelled to <a href="/wiki/St._Malo" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Malo">St. Malo</a> in order to join Booth, but learned of his defeat shortly before sailing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957441_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957441-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Booth%27s_Uprising&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While nearly all the leadership in the Cheshire rising were captured, apart from Whitley, the political background meant they went largely unpunished. Belasyse was arrested on 16 August; accused by Booth of being the main ringleader, he was held in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewman197814_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewman197814-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most low-status prisoners were quickly released and none of those of higher social rank, including Booth, were brought to trial or lost their estates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957442_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957442-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Mordaunt was undeterred by failure, his plans were rendered irrelevant by the actions of General <a href="/wiki/George_Monck,_1st_Duke_of_Albemarle" title="George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle">George Monck</a> in late 1659–60, which led to the readmission of MPs like Booth excluded in 1648. <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> appointed Belasyse his representative during the negotiations with Monck that led to <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">The Restoration</a> in May 1660, while Booth was sent to <a href="/wiki/Breda" title="Breda">Breda</a> by Parliament to escort him to London.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957442_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957442-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Booth was created 1st Baron Delamer, the failure of their uprising only a few months prior to the Restoration meant that he and many other Cheshire insurgents saw relatively little reward for their efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957442_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957442-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This disappointment, along with local distaste for Charles's religious policies after 1661, meant that the lasting legacy of Booth's Uprising was perhaps the creation of the nucleus of an anti-court "Country" party based in the region. Booth's son <a href="/wiki/Henry_Booth,_1st_Earl_of_Warrington" title="Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington">Henry</a> became a committed <a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig</a> who supported the 1688 <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a> against <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957442_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957442-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Booth%27s_Uprising&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971283-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971283_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971283_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnderdown1971">Underdown 1971</a>, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott2003158–160-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott2003158–160_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScott2003">Scott 2003</a>, pp. 158–160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott2003188–200-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott2003188–200_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScott2003">Scott 2003</a>, pp. 188–200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmuts1999134-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmuts1999134_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmuts1999">Smuts 1999</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackwood197975–76-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackwood197975–76_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackwood197975–76_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackwood197975–76_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlackwood1979">Blackwood 1979</a>, pp. 75–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlant2008a-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlant2008a_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlant2008a">Plant 2008a</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewman197813-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewman197813_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNewman1978">Newman 1978</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMayers200495-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMayers200495_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMayers200495_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMayers2004">Mayers 2004</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971235-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971235_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnderdown1971">Underdown 1971</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlant2008b-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlant2008b_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlant2008b">Plant 2008b</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957428-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957428_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones1957">Jones 1957</a>, p. 428.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974303–305-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974303–305_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorrill1974">Morrill 1974</a>, pp. 303–305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMayers200494-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMayers200494_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMayers2004">Mayers 2004</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESecond_Report_of_the_Royal_Commission_on_Historical_Manuscripts187187-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESecond_Report_of_the_Royal_Commission_on_Historical_Manuscripts187187_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSecond_Report_of_the_Royal_Commission_on_Historical_Manuscripts1871">Second Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts 1871</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957430-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957430_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones1957">Jones 1957</a>, p. 430.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974303-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974303_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorrill1974">Morrill 1974</a>, p. 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKelsey2004">Kelsey 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974302-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974302_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorrill1974">Morrill 1974</a>, p. 302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974303–304-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974303–304_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorrill1974">Morrill 1974</a>, pp. 303–304.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1985319-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1985319_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorrill1985">Morrill 1985</a>, p. 319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974274–280-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974274–280_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorrill1974">Morrill 1974</a>, pp. 274–280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957433-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957433_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones1957">Jones 1957</a>, p. 433.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957434-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957434_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957434_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones1957">Jones 1957</a>, p. 434.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974307-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974307_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974307_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974307_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorrill1974">Morrill 1974</a>, p. 307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHopper2020-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHopper2020_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHopper2020">Hopper 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957435-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957435_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones1957">Jones 1957</a>, p. 435.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitehead2004-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitehead2004_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitehead2004">Whitehead 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957438–439-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957438–439_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957438–439_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones1957">Jones 1957</a>, pp. 438–439.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957437-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957437_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones1957">Jones 1957</a>, p. 437.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackwood197975-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackwood197975_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlackwood1979">Blackwood 1979</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkins198740-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJenkins198740_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJenkins1987">Jenkins 1987</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957441–442-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957441–442_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones1957">Jones 1957</a>, pp. 441–442.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELudlow1771291–292-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELudlow1771291–292_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLudlow1771">Ludlow 1771</a>, pp. 291–292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974309-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974309_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974309_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974309_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrill1974309_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorrill1974">Morrill 1974</a>, p. 309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957441-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957441_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957441_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957441_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones1957">Jones 1957</a>, p. 441.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson1909167–172-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson1909167–172_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkinson1909">Atkinson 1909</a>, pp. 167–172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson1909167–72-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson1909167–72_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson1909167–72_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkinson1909">Atkinson 1909</a>, pp. 167–72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker1958161-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker1958161_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTucker1958">Tucker 1958</a>, p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971281-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnderdown1971281_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnderdown1971">Underdown 1971</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewman197814-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewman197814_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNewman1978">Newman 1978</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1957442-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957442_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957442_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957442_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1957442_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones1957">Jones 1957</a>, p. 442.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Booth%27s_Uprising&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSecond_Report_of_the_Royal_Commission_on_Historical_Manuscripts1871" class="citation book cs1"><i>Second Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts</i>. HMSO. 1871.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Second+Report+of+the+Royal+Commission+on+Historical+Manuscripts&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooth%27s+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson1909" class="citation book cs1">Atkinson, James, ed. (1909). <i>Tracts relating to the civil war in Cheshire, 1641–1659; including Sir George Booth's rising in that county</i>. Chetham Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tracts+relating+to+the+civil+war+in+Cheshire%2C+1641%E2%80%931659%3B+including+Sir+George+Booth%27s+rising+in+that+county&rft.pub=Chetham+Society&rft.date=1909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooth%27s+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackwood1979" class="citation book cs1">Blackwood, B.G. (1979). <i>The Lancashire Gentry and the Great Rebellion, 1640–60</i>. Manchester University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lancashire+Gentry+and+the+Great+Rebellion%2C+1640%E2%80%9360&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Blackwood&rft.aufirst=B.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooth%27s+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroxap1910" class="citation book cs1">Broxap, Ernest (1910). <i>The Great Civil War in Lancashire</i>. Manchester University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Civil+War+in+Lancashire&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Broxap&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooth%27s+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopper2020" class="citation web cs1">Hopper, Andrew (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.civilwarpetitions.ac.uk/blog/the-war-hero-the-eccentric-and-the-turncoat-the-men-behind-three-signatures/">"The War Hero, the Eccentric and the Turncoat: the Men Behind Three Signatures"</a>. Civil War Petitions: Conflict, Welfare and Memory during and after the English Civil Wars, 1642 – 1710<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+War+Hero%2C+the+Eccentric+and+the+Turncoat%3A+the+Men+Behind+Three+Signatures&rft.pub=Civil+War+Petitions%3A+Conflict%2C+Welfare+and+Memory+during+and+after+the+English+Civil+Wars%2C+1642+%E2%80%93+1710&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilwarpetitions.ac.uk%2Fblog%2Fthe-war-hero-the-eccentric-and-the-turncoat-the-men-behind-three-signatures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooth%27s+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins1987" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Geraint (1987). <i>The Foundations of Modern Wales: Wales 1642–1780</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foundations+of+Modern+Wales%3A+Wales+1642%E2%80%931780&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Geraint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooth%27s+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1957" class="citation journal cs1">Jones, J. R. (1957). "Booth's Rising of 1659". <i>Bulletin of the John Rylands Library</i>. <b>39</b> (2): 416–443. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7227%2FBJRL.39.2.6">10.7227/BJRL.39.2.6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+John+Rylands+Library&rft.atitle=Booth%27s+Rising+of+1659&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=416-443&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7227%2FBJRL.39.2.6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooth%27s+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelsey2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kelsey, David (2004). "Booth, George, first Baron Delamer [Delamere]". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Trust+and+Commission&rft.pub=BCW+Project&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Plant&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbcw-project.org%2Fmilitary%2Froyalist-conspiracies%2Fgreat-trust-and-commission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooth%27s+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2003" class="citation book cs1">Scott, David (2003). <i>Politics and War in the Three Stuart Kingdoms, 1637–49</i>. Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+and+War+in+the+Three+Stuart+Kingdoms%2C+1637%E2%80%9349&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooth%27s+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmuts1999" class="citation book cs1">Smuts, Robert (1999). <i>Culture and Power in England, 1585–1685</i>. Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Power+in+England%2C+1585%E2%80%931685&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Smuts&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooth%27s+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker1958" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Norman (1958). <i>North Wales in the Civil War</i>. 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Archon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royalist+Conspiracy+in+England%2C+1649%E2%80%931660&rft.pub=Archon&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Underdown&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooth%27s+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitehead2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Whitehead, David (2004). "Birch, Thomas". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F66520">10.1093/ref:odnb/66520</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Birch%2C+Thomas&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F66520&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABooth%27s+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Booth%27s_Uprising&oldid=1189155270">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Booth%27s_Uprising&oldid=1189155270</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1659_in_England" title="Category:1659 in England">1659 in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1659" title="Category:Conflicts in 1659">Conflicts in 1659</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_rebellions" title="Category:17th-century rebellions">17th-century rebellions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plots,_conspiracies_and_insurrections_during_the_Interregnum_(England)" title="Category:Plots, conspiracies and insurrections during the Interregnum (England)">Plots, conspiracies and insurrections during the Interregnum (England)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Cheshire" title="Category:Military history of Cheshire">Military history of Cheshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Charles_II_of_England" title="Category:Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2022">Use dmy dates from April 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_cite_ODNB_with_id_parameter" title="Category:Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter">Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 December 2023, at 02:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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