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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrias_Chinon" title="Industrias Chinon – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Industrias Chinon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinon_Industries" title="Chinon Industries – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chinon Industries" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinon_Industries" title="Chinon Industries – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chinon Industries" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li 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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a 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Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinon_Industries&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Chinon+Industries%22">"Chinon Industries"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Chinon+Industries%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Chinon+Industries%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Chinon+Industries%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Chinon+Industries%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Chinon+Industries%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Chinon Industries Inc.<br />チノン株式会社</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinon_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Chinon_logo.svg/220px-Chinon_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Chinon_logo.svg/330px-Chinon_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Chinon_logo.svg/440px-Chinon_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1635" data-file-height="270" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Kabushiki_gaisha" title="Kabushiki gaisha">Kabushiki gaisha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1948</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">2004</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Nagano,_Nagano" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagano, Nagano">Nagano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Joel Proegler, last president of Chinon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data">Cameras, computer peripherals</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinon.co.jp/">www<wbr />.chinon<wbr />.co<wbr />.jp</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chinon Industries Inc.</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">チノン株式会社</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Chinon Kabushiki-gaisha</i></span>)</span> was a Japanese <a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">camera</a> manufacturer. <a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Kodak</a> took a majority stake in the company in 1997, and made it a fully owned subsidiary of Kodak Japan, <b>Kodak Digital Product Center, Japan Ltd.</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">株式会社コダックデジタルプロダクトセンター</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kabushiki-gaisha Kodakku Dejitaru Purodakuto Sentā</i></span>)</span>, in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a subsidiary, it continues to develop <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital camera</a> models.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AUTO_CHINON_28MM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/AUTO_CHINON_28MM.jpg/220px-AUTO_CHINON_28MM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/AUTO_CHINON_28MM.jpg/330px-AUTO_CHINON_28MM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/AUTO_CHINON_28MM.jpg/440px-AUTO_CHINON_28MM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4103" data-file-height="3607" /></a><figcaption>AUTO CHINON 28MM</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Revueflex_ac_1_BW_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Revueflex_ac_1_BW_1.JPG/220px-Revueflex_ac_1_BW_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Revueflex_ac_1_BW_1.JPG/330px-Revueflex_ac_1_BW_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Revueflex_ac_1_BW_1.JPG/440px-Revueflex_ac_1_BW_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3499" data-file-height="2332" /></a><figcaption>Chinon CE-3 memotron labeled as Revueflex AC 1</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinon_CP_9_AF_BW_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chinon_CP_9_AF_BW_1.JPG/220px-Chinon_CP_9_AF_BW_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chinon_CP_9_AF_BW_1.JPG/330px-Chinon_CP_9_AF_BW_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chinon_CP_9_AF_BW_1.JPG/440px-Chinon_CP_9_AF_BW_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="1982" /></a><figcaption>Chinon CP-9 AF with Autofocus lens 35-135mm</figcaption></figure> <p>They manufactured several cameras, such as the CG-5, which was one of the first cameras ever to use an Auto Focus lens, which had to be bought separately. The lenses are now rare. They were cumbersome and had two infrared "eyes" on the top. They would connect by a bayonet fitting similar to the Pentax K fitting, except they also had electrical contacts which would power the motor at the press of the shutter release button. </p><p>Another popular camera was the CM-1, a basic, fully manual 35 mm SLR camera favored by student amateur photographers because it was cheaper than the rival <a href="/wiki/Pentax_K-1000" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentax K-1000">Pentax K-1000</a>, but could use the same lenses and accessories. The CM-1 featured a battery-powered through-the-lens light metering system that utilized a red-above, green-middle, and red-below to indicate whether the shutter speed/aperture setting was over/ok/under exposing the picture. It also used a split-image prism for determining when an image was properly focused. The CM-1 was sold through discount retailers such as <a href="/wiki/Kmart_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kmart (United States)">K-Mart</a> during the 1980s and proved to be very durable and reliable. Chinon branded products were sold in the UK through the Dixons high-street chain in the same period. </p><p>Most of Chinon's SLR cameras, such as the <a href="/wiki/Chinon_CE-5" title="Chinon CE-5">Chinon CE-5</a>, used the <a href="/wiki/Pentax_K-mount" title="Pentax K-mount">Pentax K-mount</a>, which was promoted by Pentax as a universal mount and therefore Pentax allowed and even encouraged other manufacturers to utilize their mount. This helped to expand the range of lens offerings for both Chinon and Pentax cameras. Several Chinon SLRs used the Pentax 42mm screw mount for the lens. Examples being the Chinon CS and the Memotron which were sold through Dixons. The CS had TTL metering and the Memotron had auto exposure with a handy system which allowed the user to take and retain a meter reading and save the exposure for a shot taken where the subject matter had been reframed. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinon_FZ-506-8585.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Chinon_FZ-506-8585.jpg/220px-Chinon_FZ-506-8585.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Chinon_FZ-506-8585.jpg/330px-Chinon_FZ-506-8585.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Chinon_FZ-506-8585.jpg/440px-Chinon_FZ-506-8585.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4656" data-file-height="3094" /></a><figcaption>5.25" <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk drive</a> Chinon FZ-506</figcaption></figure> <p>Chinon also was a manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="CD-ROM drive">CD-ROM drives</a>, scanners, electronic pocket calculators, and floppy disk drives. They even entered the VR market with Cybershades for the PC, launched in the US market in 1995 for $199.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They produced a variety of both prime and zoom lenses for 35mm film cameras, commonly in the M42 mount or Pentax K mount. The focal lengths of the prime lenses include 28mm, 35mm, 50mm, 135mm, and 200m. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinon_Industries&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060824054205/http://www.dpreview.com/news/0401/archive.asp">"January 2004 News Archive: Digital Photography Review"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dpreview.com/news/0401/archive.asp">the original</a> on 2006-08-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=January+2004+News+Archive%3A+Digital+Photography+Review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpreview.com%2Fnews%2F0401%2Farchive.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinon+Industries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1995-07-09/virtual-reality-for-real-life-budgets">"Virtual Reality For Real Life Budgets"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. 1995-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Virtual+Reality+For+Real+Life+Budgets&rft.date=1995-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F1995-07-09%2Fvirtual-reality-for-real-life-budgets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinon+Industries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinon_Industries&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfarris.com/floppy/chinon.html">Information on Chinon Model 357, 502, 506 & 506-L, 5.25 and 3.5 Floppy Drive Models</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastman_Kodak" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastman_Kodak" title="Template:Eastman Kodak"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastman_Kodak" title="Template talk:Eastman Kodak"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastman_Kodak" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastman Kodak"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastman_Kodak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Eastman Kodak</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chinon Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creo_(company)" title="Creo (company)">Creo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Express" title="Kodak Express">Kodak Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualex" title="Qualex">Qualex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESL_Federal_Credit_Union" title="ESL Federal Credit Union">ESL Federal Credit Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cameras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DC_Series" title="Kodak DC Series">DC series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DC215" title="Kodak DC215">DC215</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DC3200" title="Kodak DC3200">DC3200</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS" title="Kodak DCS">DCS</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nikon_F_mount" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikon F mount">NF</a>/<a href="/wiki/Canon_EF_mount" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon EF mount">EF</a> <a href="/wiki/Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Digital single-lens reflex camera">DSLR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_100" title="Kodak DCS 100">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_300_series" title="Kodak DCS 300 series">300 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_400_series" title="Kodak DCS 400 series">400 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_EOS_D2000" title="Canon EOS D2000">D2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_EOS_D6000" title="Canon EOS D6000">D6000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_EOS_DCS_1" title="Canon EOS DCS 1">DCS 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_EOS_DCS_3" title="Canon EOS DCS 3">DCS 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_Pro_14n" title="Kodak DCS Pro 14n">Pro 14n</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_Pro_SLR/c" title="Kodak DCS Pro SLR/c">Pro SLR/c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_Pro_SLR/n" title="Kodak DCS Pro SLR/n">Pro SLR/n</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare" title="Kodak EasyShare">EasyShare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Easyshare_C1013" title="Kodak Easyshare C1013">C1013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_C300" title="Kodak EasyShare C300">C300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_C330" title="Kodak EasyShare C330">C330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_C340" title="Kodak EasyShare C340">C340</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_C613" title="Kodak EasyShare C613">C613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Easyshare_C813" title="Kodak Easyshare C813">C813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_CX4200" title="Kodak EasyShare CX4200">CX4200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_CX4230" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodak EasyShare CX4230">CX4230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_DX4530" title="Kodak EasyShare DX4530">DX4530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_DX6440" title="Kodak EasyShare DX6440">DX6440</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_DX6490" title="Kodak EasyShare DX6490">DX6490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DX7590_Zoom_Digital_Camera" title="Kodak DX7590 Zoom Digital Camera">DX7590</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_P880" title="Kodak EasyShare P880">P880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_V570" title="Kodak EasyShare V570">V570</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Pixpro" title="Kodak Pixpro">Pixpro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Z612_Zoom_Digital_Camera" title="Kodak Z612 Zoom Digital Camera">Z612 Zoom Digital Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Z712_IS_ZOOM_digital_camera" title="Kodak Z712 IS ZOOM digital camera">Z712 IS ZOOM digital camera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movie</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9-Kodak" title="Ciné-Kodak">Ciné-Kodak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Cine_Special_16mm_Cameras" title="Kodak Cine Special 16mm Cameras">Cine Special 16mm Cameras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rangefinder</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Retina" title="Kodak Retina">Retina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Retinette" title="Kodak Retinette">Retinette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_35" title="Kodak 35">Kodak 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_35_Rangefinder" title="Kodak 35 Rangefinder">Kodak 35 RF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Signet" title="Kodak Signet">Signet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Ektra" title="Kodak Ektra">Ektra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reflex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Retina_Reflex" title="Kodak Retina Reflex">Retina Reflex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brownie_(camera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownie (camera)">Brownie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instamatic" title="Instamatic">Instamatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Pony" title="Kodak Pony">Pony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Starflash" title="Kodak Starflash">Starflash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Stereo_Camera" title="Kodak Stereo Camera">Stereo Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vest_Pocket_Kodak" title="Vest Pocket Kodak">Vest Pocket Kodak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Vigilant_camera" title="Kodak Vigilant camera">Vigilant camera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Camera film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/120_film" title="120 film">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126_film" title="126 film">126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/127_film" title="127 film">127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/616_film" title="616 film">616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/828_film" title="828 film">828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Photo_System" title="Advanced Photo System">APS (IX240)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_film" title="Disc film">Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_8_film" title="Super 8 film">Super 8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reversal_film" title="Reversal film">Color reversal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ektachrome" title="Ektachrome">Ektachrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodachrome" title="Kodachrome">Kodachrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color print</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastmancolor" title="Eastmancolor">Eastmancolor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ektar" title="Ektar">Ektar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodacolor_(filmmaking)" title="Kodacolor (filmmaking)">Kodacolor (filmmaking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodacolor_(still_photography)" title="Kodacolor (still photography)">Kodacolor (still photography)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Portra" title="Kodak Portra">Portra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B&W</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_High-Speed_Infrared" title="Kodak High-Speed Infrared">High-Speed Infrared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_T-MAX" title="Kodak T-MAX">T-MAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Tri-X" title="Kodak Tri-X">Tri-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Pan" title="Technical Pan">Technical Pan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Approval_proofer" title="Approval proofer">Approval proofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autographic_film" title="Autographic film">Autographic film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carousel_slide_projector" title="Carousel slide projector">Carousel slide projector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Digital_Sound" title="Cinema Digital Sound">Cinema Digital Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cineon" title="Cineon">Cineon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorama_(Kodak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorama (Kodak)">Colorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Ektaprint_Electronic_Publishing_System" title="Kodak Ektaprint Electronic Publishing System">Ektaprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Ektra_(phone)" title="Kodak Ektra (phone)">Ektra (phone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Gallery" title="Kodak Gallery">Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAF-10500" class="mw-redirect" title="KAF-10500">KAF-10500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keykode" title="Keykode">Keykode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodacolor_Technology" title="Kodacolor Technology">Kodacolor Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodascope" title="Kodascope">Kodascope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPR" title="KPR">KPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorola_Zine" title="Motorola Zine">Motorola Zine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picture_CD" title="Picture CD">Picture CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Proofing_Software" title="Kodak Proofing Software">Proofing Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_S-mount" title="Kodak S-mount">S-mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starmatic" title="Starmatic">Starmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Ultima" title="Kodak Ultima">Ultima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versamat" title="Versamat">Versamat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Changing_Focus" title="Changing Focus">Changing Focus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brownies" title="The Brownies">The Brownies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical <br />standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DX_encoding" title="DX encoding">DX encoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Thirds_system" title="Four Thirds system">Four Thirds system</a> (<a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds_system" title="Micro Four Thirds system">Micro Four Thirds</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wratten_number" title="Wratten number">Wratten number</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colby_Chandler_(CEO)" title="Colby Chandler (CEO)">Colby Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eastman" title="George Eastman">George Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Godowsky_Jr." title="Leopold Godowsky Jr.">Leopold Godowsky Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Hargrave" title="Thomas J. Hargrave">Thomas J. Hargrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mannes" title="Leopold Mannes">Leopold Mannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Mees" title="Kenneth Mees">Kenneth Mees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Sasson" title="Steven Sasson">Steven Sasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Strong" title="Henry A. Strong">Henry A. Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Vaughn" title="William S. Vaughn">William S. Vaughn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Business_Park" title="Eastman Business Park">Eastman Business Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Heights" title="Kodak Heights">Kodak Heights</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kodak_Building_9" title="Kodak Building 9">Building 9</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Park_Railroad" title="Kodak Park Railroad">Kodak Park Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Photo_Spot" title="Kodak Photo Spot">Kodak Photo Spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Picture_Kiosk" title="Kodak Picture Kiosk">Kodak Picture Kiosk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak,_Tennessee" title="Kodak, Tennessee">Kodak, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Tower" title="Kodak Tower">Kodak Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Court cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak_Co_v._Harold_Worden" title="Eastman Kodak Co v. Harold Worden">Kodak v. Worden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak_Co._v._Image_Technical_Services,_Inc." title="Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image Technical Services, Inc.">Kodak v. Image Technical Services</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vroegh_v._Eastman_Kodak_Co." title="Vroegh v. Eastman Kodak Co.">Vroegh v. Kodak</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-22_process" title="C-22 process">C-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-41_process" title="C-41 process">C-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-6_process" title="E-6 process">E-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RA-4_process" title="RA-4 process">RA-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-14_process" title="K-14 process">K-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Color_Negative" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Color Negative">Eastman Color Negative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Color_Positive" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Color Positive">Eastman Color Positive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Kodak_Workers" title="Union of Kodak Workers">Union of Kodak Workers</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Press_the_Button,_We_Do_the_Rest" title="You Press the Button, We Do the Rest">You Press the Button, We Do the Rest</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kodak_sponsorships" title="Category:Kodak sponsorships">Sponsorships</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electronics_industry_in_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Template:Electronics industry in Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Template talk:Electronics industry in Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics industry in Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electronics_industry_in_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Electronics industry in Japan">Electronics industry in Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiwa" title="Aiwa">Aiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaxala_Networks" title="Alaxala Networks">Alaxala Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alinco" title="Alinco">Alinco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps_Electric" title="Alps Electric">Alps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Electronics" title="Alpine Electronics">Alpine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anritsu" title="Anritsu">Anritsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOR_(company)" title="AOR (company)">AOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio-Technica" title="Audio-Technica">Audio-Technica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Holdings" title="Bandai Namco Holdings">Bandai Namco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Industries" title="Brother Industries">Brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc." title="Canon Inc.">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CatEye" title="CatEye">CatEye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Watch" title="Citizen Watch">Citizen Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosina" title="Cosina">Cosina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%2BM_Group" title="D+M Group">D+M Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denon" title="Denon">Denon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marantz" title="Marantz">Marantz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daikin" title="Daikin">Daikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denso" title="Denso">Denso</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denso_Ten" title="Denso Ten">Denso Ten</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Nippon_Printing" title="Dai Nippon Printing">DNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiki" title="Eiki">Eiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eizo" title="Eizo">Eizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elecom" title="Elecom">Elecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESP_Guitars" title="ESP Guitars">ESP Guitars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FANUC" title="FANUC">FANUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fostex" title="Fostex">Fostex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Electric" title="Fuji Electric">Fuji Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujifilm" title="Fujifilm">Fujifilm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujifilm_Business_Innovation" title="Fujifilm Business Innovation">Business Innovation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funai" title="Funai">Funai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furuno" title="Furuno">Furuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futaba_Corporation" title="Futaba Corporation">Futaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu_Photonics" title="Hamamatsu Photonics">Hamamatsu Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirose_Electric_Group" title="Hirose Electric Group">Hirose Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(company)" title="Clarion (company)">Clarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxell" title="Maxell">Maxell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoya_Corporation" title="Hoya Corporation">Hoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibanez" title="Ibanez">Ibanez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibiden" title="Ibiden">Ibiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icom_Incorporated" title="Icom Incorporated">Icom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikegami_Tsushinki" title="Ikegami Tsushinki">Ikegami Tsushinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwatsu_Electric" title="Iwatsu Electric">Iwatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Display" title="Japan Display">Japan Display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEOL" title="JEOL">JEOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Radio_Company" title="Japan Radio Company">JRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Remote_Control" title="Japan Remote Control">JR Propo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JVCKenwood" title="JVCKenwood">JVCKenwood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JVC" title="JVC">JVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenwood_Corporation" title="Kenwood Corporation">Kenwood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawai_Musical_Instruments" title="Kawai Musical Instruments">Kawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyence" title="Keyence">Keyence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiramek" title="Kiramek">Kiramek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konica_Minolta" title="Konica Minolta">Konica Minolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KO_PROPO" title="KO PROPO">KO PROPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korg" title="Korg">Korg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyocera" title="Kyocera">Kyocera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxman" title="Luxman">Luxman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabuchi_Motor" title="Mabuchi Motor">Mabuchi Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamiya" title="Mamiya">Mamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maspro_Denkoh" title="Maspro Denkoh">Maspro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melco" title="Melco">Melco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Memory_Japan" title="Micron Memory Japan">Micron Memory Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MinebeaMitsumi" title="MinebeaMitsumi">MinebeaMitsumi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsumi_Electric" title="Mitsumi Electric">Mitsumi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Mitsubishi Electric">Mitsubishi Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murata_Manufacturing" title="Murata Manufacturing">Murata Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutoh_Europe_nv" title="Mutoh Europe nv">Mutoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi">Nakamichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEC_Mobile_Communications" title="NEC Mobile Communications">Mobile Communications</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichia" title="Nichia">Nichia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichicon" title="Nichicon">Nichicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidec" title="Nidec">Nidec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nidec_Copal_Corporation" title="Nidec Copal Corporation">Nidec Copal Corporation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Dempa_Kogyo" title="Nihon Dempa Kogyo">Nihon Dempa Kogyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon" title="Nikon">Nikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Chemi-Con" title="Nippon Chemi-Con">Nippon Chemi-Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitto_Denko" title="Nitto Denko">Nitto Denko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKK_switches" title="NKK switches">NKK Switches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oki_Electric_Industry" title="Oki Electric Industry">Oki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympus_Corporation" title="Olympus Corporation">Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omron" title="Omron">Omron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkyo" title="Onkyo">Onkyo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integra_Home_Theater" title="Integra Home Theater">Integra Home Theater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Electric" title="Orion Electric">Orion Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technics_(brand)" title="Technics (brand)">Technics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixela_Corporation" title="Pixela Corporation">Pixela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plextor" title="Plextor">Plextor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renesas_Electronics" title="Renesas Electronics">Renesas Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricoh" title="Ricoh">Ricoh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentax" title="Pentax">Pentax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riso_Kagaku_Corporation" title="Riso Kagaku Corporation">Riso Kagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohm" title="Rohm">Rohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Corporation" title="Roland Corporation">Roland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubycon_Corporation" title="Rubycon Corporation">Rubycon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansui_Electric" title="Sansui Electric">Sansui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanwa_Electronic" title="Sanwa Electronic">Sanwa Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCREEN_Holdings" title="SCREEN Holdings">SCREEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Sammy_Holdings" title="Sega Sammy Holdings">Sega Sammy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_Group" title="Seiko Group">Seiko Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_(watch)" title="Pulsar (watch)">Pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko">Seiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epson" title="Epson">Epson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orient_Watch" title="Orient Watch">Orient Watch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_Instruments" title="Seiko Instruments">Seiko Instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimadzu" title="Shimadzu">Shimadzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shindengen_Electric_Manufacturing" title="Shindengen Electric Manufacturing">Shindengen Electric Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Corporation" title="Sigma Corporation">Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix">Square Enix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Electric" title="Stanley Electric">Stanley Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Micronics" title="Star Micronics">Star Micronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stax_Ltd" title="Stax Ltd">Stax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Electric_Industries" title="Sumitomo Electric Industries">Sumitomo Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyo_Yuden" title="Taiyo Yuden">Taiyo Yuden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamron" title="Tamron">Tamron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDK" title="TDK">TDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEAC_Corporation" title="TEAC Corporation">TEAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Corporation" title="Tiger Corporation">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOA_Corporation" title="TOA Corporation">TOA Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Electron" title="Tokyo Electron">Tokyo Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topcon" title="Topcon">Topcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniden" title="Uniden">Uniden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushio,_Inc." title="Ushio, Inc.">Ushio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wacom" title="Wacom">Wacom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaesu_(brand)" title="Yaesu (brand)">Yaesu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation" title="Yamaha Corporation">Yamaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaskawa_Electric_Corporation" title="Yaskawa Electric Corporation">Yaskawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokogawa_Electric" title="Yokogawa Electric">Yokogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zojirushi" title="Zojirushi">Zojirushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_Corporation" title="Zoom Corporation">Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuken" title="Zuken">Zuken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiwa" title="Aiwa">Aiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akai" title="Akai">Akai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronica" title="Bronica">Bronica</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contax" title="Contax">Contax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konica" title="Konica">Konica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minolta" title="Minolta">Minolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_(brand)" title="National (brand)">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norita" title="Norita">Norita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okaya_Optical" title="Okaya Optical">Okaya Optical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Industries_Association_of_Japan" title="Electronic Industries Association of Japan">Electronic Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_Network_Corporation_of_Japan" title="Innovation Network Corporation of Japan">INCJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Electronic_Industries_Development_Association" title="Japan Electronic Industries Development Association">Japan Electronic Industries Development Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Electronics_and_Information_Technology_Industries_Association" title="Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association">Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagi%E2%80%93Uda_antenna" title="Yagi–Uda antenna">Yagi–Uda antenna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Category:Electronics industry in Japan">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679027#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679027#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679027#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/260787983">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00305166">Japan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04141376?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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