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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Original_Montgomery_Ward_(1872–2001)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_Montgomery_Ward_(1872–2001)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Original Montgomery Ward (1872–2001)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Original_Montgomery_Ward_(1872–2001)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Original Montgomery Ward (1872–2001) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Original_Montgomery_Ward_(1872–2001)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Company_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Company_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Company origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Company_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion_into_retail_outlets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion_into_retail_outlets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Expansion into retail outlets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion_into_retail_outlets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_seizure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_seizure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Government seizure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_seizure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Post War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bankruptcy,_restructuring,_and_liquidation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bankruptcy,_restructuring,_and_liquidation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Bankruptcy, restructuring, and liquidation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bankruptcy,_restructuring,_and_liquidation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_online_retailer" 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Montgomery Ward Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Montgomery_Ward_logo_2004.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Montgomery_Ward_logo_2004.svg/220px-Montgomery_Ward_logo_2004.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Montgomery_Ward_logo_2004.svg/330px-Montgomery_Ward_logo_2004.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Montgomery_Ward_logo_2004.svg/440px-Montgomery_Ward_logo_2004.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="35" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Montgomery_Ward_Company_Complex_4-1-22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Montgomery_Ward_Company_Complex_4-1-22.jpg/220px-Montgomery_Ward_Company_Complex_4-1-22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Montgomery_Ward_Company_Complex_4-1-22.jpg/330px-Montgomery_Ward_Company_Complex_4-1-22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Montgomery_Ward_Company_Complex_4-1-22.jpg/440px-Montgomery_Ward_Company_Complex_4-1-22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward_Company_Complex" title="Montgomery Ward Company Complex">Montgomery Ward Company Complex</a>, former headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b>Original incarnation</b>: <a href="/wiki/Private_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Private company">Private</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mail_order" title="Mail order">mail order</a> and <a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">department store</a></li> <li><b>Current incarnation</b>: <a href="/wiki/Online_retailer" class="mw-redirect" title="Online retailer">Online retailer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catalog_merchant" title="Catalog merchant">catalog merchant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">Retail</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1872–2001: As mail order company and later <a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">department store</a></li> <li>2004<span class="noprint"> (20 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2004</span>)</span>: As current <a href="/wiki/Online_retailer" class="mw-redirect" title="Online retailer">online retailer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">June 2001<span class="noprint">; 23 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">2001-06</span>)</span> (original company)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Bankruptcy in 2000; full liquidation in 2001; namesake retailer launched in 2004 after purchase of trademarks</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b>Original company</b>: <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, United States</li> <li><b>Namesake company</b>: <a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Wisconsin" title="Monroe, Wisconsin">Monroe, Wisconsin</a>, United States</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b>Original company</b>: 1872 founder, <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Montgomery_Ward" title="Aaron Montgomery Ward">Aaron Montgomery Ward</a></li> <li><b>Namesake company</b>: John Baumann, president of parent company <a href="/wiki/Colony_Brands" title="Colony Brands">Colony Brands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data">Clothing, footwear, bedding, furniture, jewelry, beauty products, appliances, housewares, tools, and electronics</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Brands</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_(brand)" title="Riverside (brand)">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airline_(brand)" title="Airline (brand)">Airline</a></li> <li>Powr-Kraft</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b>Original company:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">Mobil</a> (1974–1997)<br /><a href="/wiki/Management_buyout" title="Management buyout">Management</a> (1997–2001)</li> <li><b>Namesake company:</b> <a href="/wiki/Colony_Brands" title="Colony Brands">Colony Brands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Electric Avenue</li> <li>Wards Kids</li> <li>Montgomery Ward Catalog</li> <li>Montgomery Wards Auto Express</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wards.com/">www<wbr />.wards<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246929#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Montgomery Ward</b> is the name of two successive U.S. retail corporations. The original Montgomery Ward & Co. was a <a href="/wiki/Mail-order" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail-order">mail-order</a> business and later a <a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">department store</a> chain that operated between 1872 and 2001. The current Montgomery Ward Inc. is an <a href="/wiki/Online_shopping" title="Online shopping">online shopping</a> and mail-order <a href="/wiki/Catalog_merchant" title="Catalog merchant">catalog retailer</a> that started several years after the original Montgomery Ward shut down. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Original_Montgomery_Ward_(1872–2001)"><span id="Original_Montgomery_Ward_.281872.E2.80.932001.29"></span>Original Montgomery Ward (1872–2001)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montgomery_Ward&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Original Montgomery Ward (1872–2001)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Company_origins">Company origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montgomery_Ward&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Company origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Montgomery_Ward" title="Aaron Montgomery Ward">Aaron Montgomery Ward</a> started his business in Chicago; conflicting reports place his first office either in a single room at 825 North <a href="/wiki/Clark_Street_(Chicago)" title="Clark Street (Chicago)">Clark Street</a><sup id="cite_ref-robertson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robertson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in a loft above a livery stable on Kinzie Street, between Rush and State Streets.<sup id="cite_ref-park_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1883, the company's catalog had grown to 240 pages and 10,000 items. In 1896, Ward encountered its first serious competition in the mail order business, when <a href="/wiki/Richard_Warren_Sears" title="Richard Warren Sears">Richard Warren Sears</a> introduced his first general catalog. In 1900, Ward had total sales of $8.7 million, compared to $10 million for <a href="/wiki/Sears,_Roebuck_and_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Sears, Roebuck and Co.">Sears</a>, and both companies struggled for dominance during much of the 20th century. By 1904, Ward had expanded such that it mailed three million catalogs, weighing 4 lb (1.8 kg) each, to customers.<sup id="cite_ref-about_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1908, the company opened a 1.25-million-square-foot (116,000 m<sup>2</sup>) building stretching along nearly one-quarter mile of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_River" title="Chicago River">Chicago River</a>, north of downtown Chicago. The building, known as the <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward_%26_Co._Catalog_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Montgomery Ward & Co. Catalog House">Montgomery Ward & Co. Catalog House</a>, served as the company headquarters until 1974, when the offices moved across the street to a new tower designed by <a href="/wiki/Minoru_Yamasaki" title="Minoru Yamasaki">Minoru Yamasaki</a>. The catalog house was declared a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> in 1978 and a Chicago historic landmark in May 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-landmark_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landmark-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the decades before 1930, Montgomery Ward built a network of large distribution centers across the country in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a>. In most cases, these reinforced concrete structures were the largest industrial structures in their respective locations. The Baltimore <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward_Warehouse_and_Retail_Store" title="Montgomery Ward Warehouse and Retail Store">Montgomery Ward Warehouse and Retail Store</a> was added to the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-nris_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mht_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mht-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion_into_retail_outlets">Expansion into retail outlets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montgomery_Ward&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Expansion into retail outlets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1926, the company broke with its mail-order-only tradition when it opened its first retail outlet store in <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Indiana" title="Plymouth, Indiana">Plymouth, Indiana</a>. It continued to operate its catalog business while pursuing an aggressive campaign to build retail outlets in the late 1920s. In 1928, two years after opening its first outlet, it had opened 244 stores. By 1929, it had more than doubled its number of outlets to 531. Its flagship retail store in Chicago was located on <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Avenue_(Chicago)" title="Michigan Avenue (Chicago)">Michigan Avenue</a> between Madison and Washington streets.<sup id="cite_ref-careertrend_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-careertrend-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1930, the company declined a merger offer from rival chain Sears. Losing money during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, Ward alarmed its major investors, including <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="J. P. Morgan, Jr.">J. P. Morgan, Jr</a>. In 1931, Morgan hired a new president, <a href="/wiki/Sewell_Avery" title="Sewell Avery">Sewell Avery</a>, who cut staff levels and stores, changed lines, hired store rather than catalog managers, and refurbished stores. These actions caused the company to become profitable before the end of the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-Ingham-30-31_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingham-30-31-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ward was very successful in its retail business. "Green awning" stores dotted hundreds of small towns across the country. Larger stores were built in the major cities. By the end of the 1930s, Montgomery Ward had become the country's largest retailer, and <a href="/wiki/Sewell_Avery" title="Sewell Avery">Sewell Avery</a> became the company's chief executive officer.<sup id="cite_ref-Ingham-30-31_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingham-30-31-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_seizure">Government seizure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montgomery_Ward&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Government seizure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1944, four months into a nationwide strike by the company's 12,000 workers, U.S. Army troops seized the company's Chicago offices. The action was ordered due to Avery's refusal to settle the strike as requested by the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> administration, concerned about the adverse effect on the delivery of goods in wartime.<sup id="cite_ref-horne_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horne-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Avery had refused to comply with a <a href="/wiki/National_War_Labor_Board_(1942%E2%80%931945)" title="National War Labor Board (1942–1945)">War Labor Board</a> order to recognize the unions and institute the terms of a collective bargaining agreement. Eight months later, with Montgomery Ward continuing to refuse to recognize the unions, President Roosevelt issued an <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive order</a> seizing all of Montgomery Ward's property nationwide, citing the <a href="/wiki/War_Labor_Disputes_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="War Labor Disputes Act">War Labor Disputes Act</a> as well as his power under the Constitution as <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a>. In 1945, <a href="/wiki/Harry_S_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry S Truman">Truman</a> ended the seizure and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> dismissed the pending appeal as moot.<sup id="cite_ref-historych_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historych-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_War">Post War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montgomery_Ward&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:182_Main_Street_Brattleboro_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/182_Main_Street_Brattleboro_detail.jpg/220px-182_Main_Street_Brattleboro_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/182_Main_Street_Brattleboro_detail.jpg/330px-182_Main_Street_Brattleboro_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/182_Main_Street_Brattleboro_detail.jpg/440px-182_Main_Street_Brattleboro_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2504" data-file-height="3339" /></a><figcaption><i>Progress Lighting the Way for Commerce</i>, designed for Montgomery Ward by sculptor <a href="/wiki/J._Massey_Rhind" title="J. Massey Rhind">J. Massey Rhind</a>, appeared as a <a href="/wiki/Medallion" class="mw-redirect" title="Medallion">medallion</a> at many Ward stores. This one is in <a href="/wiki/Brattleboro,_Vermont" title="Brattleboro, Vermont">Brattleboro, Vermont</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montgomery_Ward_-_1968_(color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Montgomery_Ward_-_1968_%28color%29.svg/220px-Montgomery_Ward_-_1968_%28color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Montgomery_Ward_-_1968_%28color%29.svg/330px-Montgomery_Ward_-_1968_%28color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Montgomery_Ward_-_1968_%28color%29.svg/440px-Montgomery_Ward_-_1968_%28color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="253" /></a><figcaption>Montgomery Ward logo, used from May 1968 to July 1982.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pre-Wardslogo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Pre-Wardslogo.png/220px-Pre-Wardslogo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Pre-Wardslogo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="93" /></a><figcaption>The 1995–1997 Montgomery Ward logo.</figcaption></figure> <p>After World War II, Sewell Avery believed the country would fall back into a recession or even a depression. He decided to not open any new stores, and did not even permit expenditure for paint to freshen the existing stores. His plan was to bank profits to preserve liquidity when the recession or depression he anticipated hit, and then buy up his retail competition. </p><p>Without new stores or any investment back into the business, Montgomery Ward declined in sales volume compared to Sears. Many have blamed the conservative decisions of Avery, who seemed not to understand the postwar years' changing economy. As new shopping centers were built after the war, Sears was perceived to have better locations than Ward. Nonetheless, for many years Ward was still the nation's third-largest department store chain.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1955, investor <a href="/wiki/Louis_Wolfson" title="Louis Wolfson">Louis Wolfson</a> waged a high-profile <a href="/wiki/Proxy_fight" title="Proxy fight">proxy fight</a> to obtain control of the board of Montgomery Ward. The new board forced the resignation of Avery. This fight led to a state court decision that <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> corporations were not entitled to stagger elections of board members."<sup id="cite_ref-emerson_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emerson-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1961, company president John Barr hired <a href="/wiki/Robert_Elton_Brooker" title="Robert Elton Brooker">Robert Elton Brooker</a> to lead Montgomery Ward as president in its turnaround. Brooker brought with him a number of key new management people, including Edward Donnell, former manager of Sears' Los Angeles stores. </p><p>The new management team achieved the turnaround reducing the number of suppliers from 15,000 to 7,000 and the number of brands being carried dropped from 168 to 16. Ward's private brands were given 95 percent of the volume compared with 40 percent in 1960. </p><p>The results of these changes were lower handling costs and higher quality standards. Buying was centralized but store operations were decentralized, under a new territory system modeled after Sears.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966, Ed Donnell was named company president. Brooker continued as chairman and chief executive officer until 1976. In 1968, Brooker helped engineer a friendly merger with <a href="/wiki/Container_Corporation_of_America" title="Container Corporation of America">Container Corporation of America</a>, the new parent company being named MARCOR.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the merger, the company continued to struggle into the 1970s. In 1973, its 102nd year in business, it purchased a small <a href="/wiki/Discount_store" title="Discount store">discount store</a> chain, the <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>-based Jefferson Stores, renaming these locations Jefferson Ward.<sup id="cite_ref-jward-ftl_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jward-ftl-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">Mobil</a>, flush with cash from the recent <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">rise in oil prices</a> and looking to diversify, bought a controlling share of MARCOR in 1974, only to acquire the company outright in 1976. </p><p>The company was an early entrant in the <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computer</a> market with the <a href="/wiki/CyberVision_2001" title="CyberVision 2001">CyberVision 2001</a> in 1978, developed by the Authorship Resource, Inc., of <a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Ohio" title="Franklin, Ohio">Franklin, Ohio</a>, and primarily manufactured by United Chem-Con. However, mounting competition from other computer companies as well as manufacturing problems compelled the three companies to pull the plug on the CyberVision product by the early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-GD_Part_2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GD_Part_2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1980, Mobil realized that the Montgomery Ward stores were doing poorly in comparison to the Jefferson stores, and decided that high quality discount units, along the lines of Dayton Hudson Company's <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a> stores, would be the retailer's future. </p><p>Within 18 months, management quintupled the size of the operation, now called Jefferson Ward, to more than 40 units in the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond Virginia">Richmond</a> metropolitan areas, and planned to convert one-third of Montgomery Ward's existing stores to the Jefferson Ward model. </p><p>The burden of servicing the new stores fell to the tiny Jefferson staff, who were overwhelmed by the increased store count, had no experience in dealing with some of the product lines they now carried, and were unfamiliar with buying for northern markets. </p><p>Almost immediately, Jefferson had turned from a small moneymaker into a large drain on profits.<sup id="cite_ref-jward-hist_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jward-hist-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company sold the chain's 18-store northern division to <a href="/wiki/Bradlees" title="Bradlees">Bradlees</a>, a division of <a href="/wiki/Stop_%26_Shop" title="Stop & Shop">Stop & Shop</a>, in 1985. The remaining stores closed.<sup id="cite_ref-jeffersoncloses_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jeffersoncloses-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1985, the company closed its catalog business after 113 years and began an aggressive policy of renovating its remaining stores. It restructured many of the store layouts in the downtown areas of larger cities and affluent neighborhoods into <a href="/wiki/Boutique" title="Boutique">boutique</a>-like specialty stores, as these were drawing business from traditional department stores. In 1986, fellow MARCOR firm, Container Corporation of America, was divested by Mobil. This effectively dissolved the MARCOR division and left Montgomery Ward as a direct subsidiary of Mobil. Analysts saw the CCA sale as an effort to go back on their diversification efforts, as the debts incurred since MARCOR’s acquisition began to weigh the oil giant down, and many predicted Montgomery Ward was next to be sold. These theories were confirmed in January 1987, when Mobil stated they would be looking into spinning off the company in the near future. </p><p>In March 1988, the company management undertook a successful $3.8 billion (~$8.45 billion in 2023) <a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">leveraged buyout</a>, making Montgomery Ward a privately held company.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Montgomery_Ward_Bluefield,_WV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Montgomery Ward Building in Bluefield, West Virginia"><img alt="A Montgomery Ward Building in Bluefield, West Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Montgomery_Ward_Bluefield%2C_WV.jpg/120px-Montgomery_Ward_Bluefield%2C_WV.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Montgomery_Ward_Bluefield%2C_WV.jpg/180px-Montgomery_Ward_Bluefield%2C_WV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Montgomery_Ward_Bluefield%2C_WV.jpg/240px-Montgomery_Ward_Bluefield%2C_WV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Montgomery Ward Building in <a href="/wiki/Bluefield,_West_Virginia" title="Bluefield, West Virginia">Bluefield, West Virginia</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abandoned_Montgomery_Ward.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A vacant Montgomery Ward store, Regency Mall, Augusta, Georgia"><img alt="A vacant Montgomery Ward store, Regency Mall, Augusta, Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Abandoned_Montgomery_Ward.jpg/120px-Abandoned_Montgomery_Ward.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Abandoned_Montgomery_Ward.jpg/180px-Abandoned_Montgomery_Ward.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Abandoned_Montgomery_Ward.jpg/240px-Abandoned_Montgomery_Ward.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A vacant Montgomery Ward store, <a href="/wiki/Regency_Mall_(Augusta,_Georgia)" title="Regency Mall (Augusta, Georgia)">Regency Mall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Georgia" title="Augusta, Georgia">Augusta, Georgia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vacant_Montgomery_Ward_Huntington_Beach.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A former Montgomery Ward store, Huntington Center, Huntington Beach, California, demolished in 2010"><img alt="A former Montgomery Ward store, Huntington Center, Huntington Beach, California, demolished in 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Vacant_Montgomery_Ward_Huntington_Beach.JPG/120px-Vacant_Montgomery_Ward_Huntington_Beach.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Vacant_Montgomery_Ward_Huntington_Beach.JPG/180px-Vacant_Montgomery_Ward_Huntington_Beach.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Vacant_Montgomery_Ward_Huntington_Beach.JPG/240px-Vacant_Montgomery_Ward_Huntington_Beach.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A former Montgomery Ward store, <a href="/wiki/Bella_Terra" title="Bella Terra">Huntington Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huntington_Beach,_California" title="Huntington Beach, California">Huntington Beach, California</a>, demolished in 2010</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Electric_Ave_Logo_-_Montgomery_Wards.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="An "Electric Avenue" logo on a closed store in Panorama City, California, 2010"><img alt="An "Electric Avenue" logo on a closed store in Panorama City, California, 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Electric_Ave_Logo_-_Montgomery_Wards.JPG/120px-Electric_Ave_Logo_-_Montgomery_Wards.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Electric_Ave_Logo_-_Montgomery_Wards.JPG/180px-Electric_Ave_Logo_-_Montgomery_Wards.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Electric_Ave_Logo_-_Montgomery_Wards.JPG/240px-Electric_Ave_Logo_-_Montgomery_Wards.JPG 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An "Electric Avenue" logo on a closed store in <a href="/wiki/Panorama_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Panorama City">Panorama City</a>, California, 2010</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bankruptcy,_restructuring,_and_liquidation"><span id="Bankruptcy.2C_restructuring.2C_and_liquidation"></span>Bankruptcy, restructuring, and liquidation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montgomery_Ward&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bankruptcy, restructuring, and liquidation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wards_-_1997.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wards_-_1997.svg/220px-Wards_-_1997.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wards_-_1997.svg/330px-Wards_-_1997.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wards_-_1997.svg/440px-Wards_-_1997.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="130" /></a><figcaption>In 1997, the logo was changed simply to "Wards" and remained in use until the chain liquidated in 2001.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 1990s even its rivals began to lose ground to low-price competition from the likes of <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>, which eroded even more of Montgomery Ward's traditional customer base. In 1997, it filed for <a href="/wiki/Chapter_11,_Title_11,_United_States_Code" title="Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code">Chapter 11 bankruptcy</a>, emerging from protection by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Illinois in August 1999 as a wholly owned subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/GE_Capital" title="GE Capital">GE Capital</a>, which was by then its largest shareholder. </p><p>As part of a last-ditch effort to remain competitive, the company closed over 100 retail locations in 30 U.S. states, abandoned the specialty store strategy, rebranded the chain as simply <i><b>Wards</b></i>, and spent millions of dollars to renovate its remaining outlets to be flashier and more consumer-friendly.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GE Capital reneged on promises of further financial support of Montgomery Ward's restructuring plans.<sup id="cite_ref-enquirer_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enquirer-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 28, 2000, after lower-than-expected sales during the Christmas season, the company announced it would cease operating, close its remaining 250 retail outlets, and lay off its 37,000 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_online_retailer">As online retailer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montgomery_Ward&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: As online retailer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At its height, the original Montgomery Ward was one of the biggest retailers in the United States. After its demise, the familiarity of its brand meant its name, corporate logo, and advertising were considered valuable intangible assets. In 2004, catalog marketer Direct Marketing Services Inc. (DMSI), an Iowa <a href="/wiki/Direct_marketing" title="Direct marketing">direct marketing</a> company, purchased much of the <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> assets of the former Wards, including the "Montgomery Ward" and "Wards" trademarks, for an undisclosed amount.<sup id="cite_ref-carpenter_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carpenter-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DMSI applied the brand to a new online and catalog-based retailing operation, with no physical stores, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Rapids,_Iowa" title="Cedar Rapids, Iowa">Cedar Rapids, Iowa</a>. DMSI then began operating under the Montgomery Ward branding in June 2004, selling many of the same kinds of products as the original company. The new company does not honor its predecessor's obligations, such as gift cards and items sold with a lifetime guarantee. David Milgrom, then president of the DMSI-owned firm, told the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>, "We're rebuilding the brand, and we want to do it right."<sup id="cite_ref-carpenter_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carpenter-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four years later, in July 2008, DMSI announced it was on the auction block, with the sale of its assets scheduled for the following month. On August 5, 2008, the catalog retailer Swiss Colony purchased DMSI. Swiss Colony—which changed its name to <a href="/wiki/Colony_Brands" title="Colony Brands">Colony Brands</a> Inc. June 1, 2010—kept Montgomery Ward alive and relaunched the Wards website September 10, 2008, with new catalogs mailing in February 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-tierney_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tierney-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A month before the catalog's launch, Swiss Colony President John Baumann told <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a> the retailer might also resurrect the original Montgomery Ward's Signature and Powr-Kraft <a href="/wiki/Store_brand" class="mw-redirect" title="Store brand">store brands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-upi_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-upi-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the new store brands Wards started under Colony was a home and kitchen brand called Chef Tested.<sup id="cite_ref-Montgomery_Ward_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montgomery_Ward-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2020, some Chef Tested and Montgomery Ward–brand home and kitchen items were being sold on <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon.com</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Amazon.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amazon.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montgomery_Ward&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward_Building_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Montgomery Ward Building (disambiguation)">Montgomery Ward Building (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward_Company_Complex" title="Montgomery Ward Company Complex">Montgomery Ward Company Complex</a> – national headquarters of Montgomery Ward, the United States' oldest mail order firm<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montgomery_Ward&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-robertson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-robertson_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2011" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, Patrick (November 8, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2TEEaCrPiWsC&pg=PT732"><i>Robertson's Book of Firsts: Who Did What For the First Time</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1596915794" title="Special:BookSources/978-1596915794"><bdi>978-1596915794</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robertson%27s+Book+of+Firsts%3A+Who+Did+What+For+the+First+Time&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2011-11-08&rft.isbn=978-1596915794&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2TEEaCrPiWsC%26pg%3DPT732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-park-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-park_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/parks/Ward-A-Montgomery-Park/">"A. Montgomery Ward Park"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Park_District" title="Chicago Park District">Chicago Park District</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Park+District&rft.atitle=A.+Montgomery+Ward+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagoparkdistrict.com%2Fparks%2FWard-A-Montgomery-Park%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-about_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wards.com/custserv/custserv.jsp?pageName=About_Us">"About Us"</a>. <i>Montgomery Ward</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Montgomery+Ward&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wards.com%2Fcustserv%2Fcustserv.jsp%3FpageName%3DAbout_Us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-landmark-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-landmark_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webapps.cityofchicago.org/landmarksweb/web/landmarkdetails.htm?lanId=1374">"Landmarks: Montgomery Ward & Co. Catalog House"</a>. <i>City of Chicago</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Chicago&rft.atitle=Landmarks%3A+Montgomery+Ward+%26+Co.+Catalog+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebapps.cityofchicago.org%2Flandmarksweb%2Fweb%2Flandmarkdetails.htm%3FlanId%3D1374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nris-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nris_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. April 15, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2008-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mht-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mht_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.mht.maryland.gov/nr/NRDetail.aspx?NRID=1251">"Montgomery Ward Warehouse and Retail Store"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Historical_Trust" title="Maryland Historical Trust">Maryland Historical Trust</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maryland+Historical+Trust&rft.atitle=Montgomery+Ward+Warehouse+and+Retail+Store&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.mht.maryland.gov%2Fnr%2FNRDetail.aspx%3FNRID%3D1251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-careertrend-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-careertrend_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://careertrend.com/montgomery-wards-history-13635908.html">"Montgomery Ward's History"</a>. December 9, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cincinnati+Enquirer&rft.atitle=Montgomery+Ward+to+close+doors&rft.date=2000-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enquirer.com%2Feditions%2F2000%2F12%2F29%2Ffin_montgomery_ward_to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanson2000" class="citation web cs1">Swanson, Al (December 28, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/2000/12/28/Montgomery-Wards-closing-stores/4863977979600/">"Montgomery Wards closing stores"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Montgomery+Wards+closing+stores&rft.date=2000-12-28&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Al&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F2000%2F12%2F28%2FMontgomery-Wards-closing-stores%2F4863977979600%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carpenter-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-carpenter_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carpenter_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2006" class="citation news cs1">Carpenter, David (December 9, 2006). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journalstar.com/business/montgomery-ward-brand-name-is-back-as-an-internet-and-catalog-retailer/article_d3cda43c-970f-5f4f-a14f-e9d6a19d774b.html">"Montgomery Ward brand name is back, as an Internet and catalog retailer"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Journal_Star" title="Lincoln Journal Star">Lincoln Journal Star</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230908010211/https://journalstar.com/business/montgomery-ward-brand-name-is-back-as-an-internet-and-catalog-retailer/article_d3cda43c-970f-5f4f-a14f-e9d6a19d774b.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lincoln+Journal+Star&rft.atitle=Montgomery+Ward+brand+name+is+back%2C+as+an+Internet+and+catalog+retailer&rft.date=2006-12-09&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournalstar.com%2Fbusiness%2Fmontgomery-ward-brand-name-is-back-as-an-internet-and-catalog-retailer%2Farticle_d3cda43c-970f-5f4f-a14f-e9d6a19d774b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tierney-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tierney_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTierney2008" class="citation news cs1">Tierney, Jim (August 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multichannelmerchant.com/news/swisscolony-acquires-dmsi-0807/index.html">"Swiss Colony Acquires DMSI"</a>. <i>Multichannel Merchant</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Multichannel+Merchant&rft.atitle=Swiss+Colony+Acquires+DMSI&rft.date=2008-08-08&rft.aulast=Tierney&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmultichannelmerchant.com%2Fnews%2Fswisscolony-acquires-dmsi-0807%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-upi-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-upi_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrington2009" class="citation news cs1">Harrington, Gerry (January 14, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Business_News/2009/01/14/Montgomery_Ward_catalog_to_return/UPI-10931231958541/">"Montgomery Ward catalog to return"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Montgomery+Ward+catalog+to+return&rft.date=2009-01-14&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.aufirst=Gerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FBusiness_News%2F2009%2F01%2F14%2FMontgomery_Ward_catalog_to_return%2FUPI-10931231958541%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Montgomery_Ward-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Montgomery_Ward_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wards.com/search/results/?q=chef+tested&lang=default">"Montgomery Ward"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Montgomery+Ward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wards.com%2Fsearch%2Fresults%2F%3Fq%3Dchef%2Btested%26lang%3Ddefault&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amazon.com-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Amazon.com_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/s?k=montgomery+ward&i=garden&crid=8JIY4BBGKBZ4&sprefix=Montgomery+ward%2Cgarden%2C159&ref=nb_sb_ss_ts-doa-p_1_15">"Amazon.com"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon_(company)</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amazon_%28company%29&rft.atitle=Amazon.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fs%3Fk%3Dmontgomery%2Bward%26i%3Dgarden%26crid%3D8JIY4BBGKBZ4%26sprefix%3DMontgomery%2Bward%252Cgarden%252C159%26ref%3Dnb_sb_ss_ts-doa-p_1_15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montgomery_Ward&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoorstin1973" class="citation magazine cs1">Boorstin, Daniel J. (Spring–Summer 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/chicagohistorymuseum/docs/redacted-1973spr-chm-chicagohistory">"A. Montgomery Ward's Mail-Order Business"</a>. <i>Chicago History</i>. Vol. 2, no. 3. pp. 142–152. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0272-8540">0272-8540</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/939839896">939839896</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+History&rft.atitle=A.+Montgomery+Ward%27s+Mail-Order+Business&rft.chron=spring%E2%80%93summer&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=142-152&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F939839896&rft.issn=0272-8540&rft.aulast=Boorstin&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fchicagohistorymuseum%2Fdocs%2Fredacted-1973spr-chm-chicagohistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatham1972" class="citation book cs1">Latham, Frank B (1972). <i>1872–1972: A Century of Serving Consumers: The Story of Montgomery Ward</i> (Second ed.). Chicago: Montgomery Ward & Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/584111">584111</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1872%E2%80%931972%3A+A+Century+of+Serving+Consumers%3A+The+Story+of+Montgomery+Ward&rft.place=Chicago&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Montgomery+Ward+%26+Co.&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F584111&rft.aulast=Latham&rft.aufirst=Frank+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontgomery+Ward" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montgomery_Ward&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <wbr /><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Montgomery_Ward" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Montgomery Ward">Montgomery Ward</a></b></i> and <wbr /><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Montgomery_Ward_buildings" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Montgomery Ward buildings">Montgomery Ward buildings</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wards.com/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246929#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://christmas.musetechnical.com/">Christmas Catalogs and Holiday Wishbooks (Website)</a> – Dozens of Montgomery Ward Christmas catalogs</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward_Building_(Evansville,_Indiana)" title="Montgomery Ward Building (Evansville, Indiana)">Montgomery Ward Building (Evansville, Indiana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward_Building_(Idaho_Falls,_Idaho)" title="Montgomery Ward Building (Idaho Falls, Idaho)">Montgomery Ward Building (Idaho Falls, Idaho)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward_Building_(Lewistown,_Pennsylvania)" title="Montgomery Ward Building (Lewistown, Pennsylvania)">Montgomery Ward Building (Lewistown, Pennsylvania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward_Building_(Pueblo,_Colorado)" title="Montgomery Ward Building (Pueblo, Colorado)">Montgomery Ward Building (Pueblo, Colorado)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward_Building_(San_Angelo,_Texas)" title="Montgomery Ward Building (San Angelo, Texas)">Montgomery Ward Building (San Angelo, Texas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward_Company_Complex" title="Montgomery Ward Company Complex">Montgomery Ward Company Complex</a></li> <li>Montgomery Ward Warehouse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henkel-Duke_Mercantile_Company_Warehouse" title="Henkel-Duke Mercantile Company Warehouse">Henkel-Duke Mercantile Company Warehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Plaza" title="Montgomery Plaza">Montgomery Plaza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward_Warehouse_and_Retail_Store" title="Montgomery Ward Warehouse and Retail Store">Montgomery Ward Warehouse and Retail Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Building" title="Virginia Building">Virginia Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Montgomery_Ward" title="Aaron Montgomery Ward">Aaron Montgomery Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline_(brand)" title="Airline (brand)">Airline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechmere" title="Lechmere">Lechmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward_Records" title="Montgomery Ward Records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_(brand)" title="Riverside (brand)">Riverside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_Brands" title="Colony Brands">Colony Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CyberVision_2001" title="CyberVision 2001">CyberVision 2001</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lechmere,_Inc._v._NLRB" title="Lechmere, Inc. v. NLRB">Lechmere, Inc. v. NLRB</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_the_Red-Nosed_Reindeer" title="Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer">Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="General_Electric" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:General_Electric" title="Template:General Electric"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:General_Electric" title="Template talk:General Electric"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:General_Electric" title="Special:EditPage/Template:General Electric"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="General_Electric" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Successor companies*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GE_Aerospace" title="GE Aerospace">GE Aerospace</a> (legal successor of GE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_HealthCare" title="GE HealthCare">GE HealthCare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Vernova" title="GE Vernova">GE Vernova</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Electric_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/General_Electric_logo.svg/90px-General_Electric_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/General_Electric_logo.svg/135px-General_Electric_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/General_Electric_logo.svg/180px-General_Electric_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former subsidiaries<br />and divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Guarantee_Corporation" title="Australian Guarantee Corporation">Australian Guarantee Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_General_Electric" title="Canadian General Electric">Canadian General Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compagnia_Generale_di_Elettricit%C3%A0" title="Compagnia Generale di Elettricità">Compagnia Generale di Elettricità</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_Lighting_Solutions" title="Current Lighting Solutions">Current, powered by GE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Bond_and_Share_Company" title="Electric Bond and Share Company">Electric Bond and Share Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Additive" class="mw-redirect" title="GE Additive">GE Additive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Aerospace_(1960s)" title="GE Aerospace (1960s)">GE Aerospace (1960s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SES_Americom" title="SES Americom">GE Americom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Appliances" title="GE Appliances">GE Appliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Automation_%26_Controls" title="GE Automation & Controls">GE Automation & Controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Aerospace" title="GE Aerospace">GE Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GE_Aviation_Systems" title="GE Aviation Systems">GE Aviation Systems</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Betz" class="mw-redirect" title="GE Betz">GE Betz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Capital" title="GE Capital">GE Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Capital_Aviation_Services" title="GE Capital Aviation Services">GE Capital Aviation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Capital_IT_Solutions" title="GE Capital IT Solutions">GE Capital IT Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Capital_Rail_Services" title="GE Capital Rail Services">GE Capital Rail Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Commercial_Finance" title="GE Commercial Finance">GE Commercial Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Digital" title="GE Digital">GE Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="GE Energy">GE Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Equipment_Services" title="GE Equipment Services">GE Equipment Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_HealthCare" title="GE HealthCare">GE HealthCare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Home_%26_Business_Solutions" title="GE Home & Business Solutions">GE Home & Business Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Industrial" class="mw-redirect" title="GE Industrial">GE Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Infrastructure" title="GE Infrastructure">GE Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Jenbacher" class="mw-redirect" title="GE Jenbacher">GE Jenbacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Lighting" title="GE Lighting">GE Lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Measurement_%26_Control" title="GE Measurement & Control">GE Measurement & Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Oil_%26_Gas" class="mw-redirect" title="GE Oil & Gas">GE Oil & Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Power" title="GE Power">GE Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Renewable_Energy" title="GE Renewable Energy">GE Renewable Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="GE Research">GE Research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LM_Wind_Power" title="LM Wind Power">LM Wind Power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Security" title="GE Security">GE Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Transportation" title="GE Transportation">GE Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waukesha_Engine" title="Waukesha Engine">GE Waukesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Wind" title="GE Wind">GE Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan_Partners" title="Canaan Partners">GE Venture Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Ventures" title="GE Ventures">GE Ventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GECIS" class="mw-redirect" title="GECIS">GECIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GXS_Inc." title="GXS Inc.">GEIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Lease" title="Genesis Lease">Genesis Lease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genpact" title="Genpact">Genpact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genworth_Financial" title="Genworth Financial">Genworth Financial</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montgomery Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchrony_Financial" title="Synchrony Financial">Synchrony Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungsram" title="Tungsram">Tungsram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nuclear_Corporation" title="United Nuclear Corporation">United Nuclear Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Construction_Company" title="Utah Construction Company">Utah Construction Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whatman_plc" title="Whatman plc">Whatman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_General_Electric" title="List of assets owned by General Electric">Joint ventures/<br /> shareholdings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em">Current**</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Hughes" title="Baker Hughes">Baker Hughes</a> (30%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFM_International" title="CFM International">CFM International</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engine_Alliance" title="Engine Alliance">Engine Alliance</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Hitachi_Nuclear_Energy" title="GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy">GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy</a> (60%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Honda_Aero_Engines" title="GE Honda Aero Engines">GE Honda Aero Engines</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProlecGE" title="ProlecGE">ProlecGE</a> (49.99%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBS_GB" title="TBS GB">TBS GB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alco-GE" title="Alco-GE">Alco-GE</a> (1940–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> (1926–30, 1986–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a> (2004–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penske_Truck_Leasing" title="Penske Truck Leasing">Penske Truck Leasing</a> (15.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabtec" title="Wabtec">Wabtec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products<br />and brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GE_Aerospace#Products" title="GE Aerospace">Aircraft engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Comprehensive_Operating_System" title="General Comprehensive Operating System">General Comprehensive Operating System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEnie" title="GEnie">GEnie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GE_locomotives" title="List of GE locomotives">Locomotives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda_(light_bulb)" title="Mazda (light bulb)">Mazda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GE_reciprocating_engines" title="List of GE reciprocating engines">Reciprocating engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivection_oven" title="Trivection oven">Trivection oven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungsram" title="Tungsram">Tungsram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Electric_people" title="Category:General Electric people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Coffin" title="Charles A. Coffin">Charles A. Coffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_J._Houston" title="Edwin J. Houston">Edwin J. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Thomson" title="Elihu Thomson">Elihu Thomson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em">Executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Immelt" title="Jeff Immelt">Jeff Immelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Welch" title="Jack Welch">Jack Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Wright" title="Bob Wright">Bob Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em">Outside directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cash_Jr." title="James Cash Jr.">James Cash Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Flannery" title="John L. Flannery">John L. Flannery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_M._Fudge" title="Ann M. Fudge">Ann M. Fudge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Hockfield" title="Susan Hockfield">Susan Hockfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jung" title="Andrea Jung">Andrea Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochelle_Lazarus" title="Rochelle Lazarus">Rochelle Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Sam Nunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penske" title="Roger Penske">Roger Penske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_Silva" title="Vera Silva">Vera Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A._Warner_III" title="Douglas A. Warner III">Douglas A. Warner III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places and<br />facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/30_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="30 Rockefeller Plaza">GE Building (30 Rockefeller Plaza)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Building" title="General Electric Building">GE Building (570 Lexington Avenue)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nela_Park" title="Nela Park">Nela Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Realty_Plot" title="General Electric Realty Plot">Realty Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Research_Laboratory" title="General Electric Research Laboratory">Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Works" title="River Works">River Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Specialty_Control_Plant" title="General Electric Specialty Control Plant">Specialty Control Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Switchgear_Plant" title="General Electric Switchgear Plant">Switchgear Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Welch_Technology_Centre" title="John F. Welch Technology Centre">Welch Technology Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sponsorship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney%27s_Carousel_of_Progress" title="Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress">Carousel of Progress</a> (1964–65, 1967–73, 1975–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizons_(Epcot)" title="Horizons (Epcot)">Horizons at Epcot</a> (1983–93)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/GE_True" title="GE True">GE True</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_General_Electric_Concert" title="The General Electric Concert">The General Electric Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_EdgeLab" title="General Electric EdgeLab">General Electric EdgeLab</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Theater" title="General Electric Theater">General Electric Theater</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Imaging" title="General Imaging">General Imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGEI" title="KGEI">KGEI</a></li> <li>Litigation <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diamond_v._Chakrabarty" title="Diamond v. Chakrabarty">Diamond v. Chakrabarty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._General_Electric_Co." title="United States v. General Electric Co.">United States v. General Electric Co.</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebus_cartel" title="Phoebus cartel">Phoebus cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson-Houston_Electric_Company" title="Thomson-Houston Electric Company">Thomson-Houston Electric Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_General_Electric" title="Timeline of General Electric">Timeline</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Bring_Good_Things_to_Life" title="We Bring Good Things to Life">We Bring Good Things to Life</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>* Following corporate split-up from 2023 to 2024</li> <li>** Joint ventures before corporate split-up from 2023 to 2024</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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