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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Belgium–United Kingdom relations</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bilateral relations</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Belgium–United Kingdom relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgium_United_Kingdom_Locator.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of Belgium and United Kingdom"><img alt="Map indicating locations of Belgium and United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Belgium_United_Kingdom_Locator.png/250px-Belgium_United_Kingdom_Locator.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Belgium_United_Kingdom_Locator.png/375px-Belgium_United_Kingdom_Locator.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Belgium_United_Kingdom_Locator.png/500px-Belgium_United_Kingdom_Locator.png 2x" data-file-width="1217" data-file-height="974" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/68px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/90px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey">Diplomatic mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Belgium,_London" title="Embassy of Belgium, London">Embassy of Belgium, London</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_Belgium" title="List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Belgium">Embassy of the United Kingdom, Brussels</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Belgium–United Kingdom relations</b> are <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">foreign relations</a> between <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. Belgium has an <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Belgium,_London" title="Embassy of Belgium, London">embassy</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and 8 honorary consulates (in <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingston-upon-Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingston-upon-Hull">Kingston-upon-Hull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle-upon-Tyne" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle-upon-Tyne">Newcastle-upon-Tyne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helier" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Helier">Saint Helier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United Kingdom has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both countries are members of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, and both countries were member states of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>; however, the UK left the EU on 31 January 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, both countries' royal families are descended from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a>, with the British branch being known as the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">House of Windsor</a> and the Belgian branch as the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">House of Belgium</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belgium%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_team_of_stretcher_bearers_struggle_through_deep_mud_to_carry_a_wounded_man_to_safety_near_Boesinghe_on_1_August_1917_during_the_Third_Battle_of_Ypres._Q5935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/A_team_of_stretcher_bearers_struggle_through_deep_mud_to_carry_a_wounded_man_to_safety_near_Boesinghe_on_1_August_1917_during_the_Third_Battle_of_Ypres._Q5935.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/A_team_of_stretcher_bearers_struggle_through_deep_mud_to_carry_a_wounded_man_to_safety_near_Boesinghe_on_1_August_1917_during_the_Third_Battle_of_Ypres._Q5935.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/A_team_of_stretcher_bearers_struggle_through_deep_mud_to_carry_a_wounded_man_to_safety_near_Boesinghe_on_1_August_1917_during_the_Third_Battle_of_Ypres._Q5935.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5236" data-file-height="4014" /></a><figcaption>British forces at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Passchendaele</a> in 1917</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early years of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a> allied with the nobles of the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> and the burghers of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a> against France. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Rio_Nunez_1849.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Battle_of_Rio_Nunez_1849.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Rio_Nunez_1849.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Battle_of_Rio_Nunez_1849.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Rio_Nunez_1849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Battle_of_Rio_Nunez_1849.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Rio_Nunez_1849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="812" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rio_Nu%C3%B1ez_incident" title="Rio Nuñez incident">Rio Nuñez incident</a> of 1849: French and Belgian warships attack British traders</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HM_King_George_VI_With_the_British_Liberation_Army_in_Belgium,_October_1944_TR2414.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/HM_King_George_VI_With_the_British_Liberation_Army_in_Belgium%2C_October_1944_TR2414.jpg/220px-HM_King_George_VI_With_the_British_Liberation_Army_in_Belgium%2C_October_1944_TR2414.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/HM_King_George_VI_With_the_British_Liberation_Army_in_Belgium%2C_October_1944_TR2414.jpg/330px-HM_King_George_VI_With_the_British_Liberation_Army_in_Belgium%2C_October_1944_TR2414.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/HM_King_George_VI_With_the_British_Liberation_Army_in_Belgium%2C_October_1944_TR2414.jpg/440px-HM_King_George_VI_With_the_British_Liberation_Army_in_Belgium%2C_October_1944_TR2414.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption>HM <a href="/wiki/King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King George VI">King George VI</a> With the <a href="/wiki/British_Liberation_Army" title="British Liberation Army">British Liberation Army</a> in Belgium, October 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>Belgium established its independence in the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">revolution</a> of 1830. Like the other European Great Powers, Britain was slow to recognise the new state. Even the election of <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium" title="Leopold I of Belgium">Leopold of Saxe-Coburg</a>, former son-in-law of Britain's <a href="/wiki/George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George IV of the United Kingdom">King George IV</a> and uncle to the future <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, as King of the Belgians failed to win diplomatic recognition from <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. Belgium's emergence had caused the break-up of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>, one of several <a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">buffer states</a> established after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> as a check against future French expansion, and London feared this newly formed nation would be unable to survive hostile expansion by its neighbours. A British-organised European Congress produced the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1839)" title="Treaty of London (1839)">Treaty of London</a> of 1839, whereby the Great Powers (and The Netherlands) all formally recognised the independence of Belgium, and (at Britain's insistence) guaranteed its neutrality.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Conference_(1884)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Conference (1884)">Berlin Conference (1884)</a>, Britain had recognised the <a href="/wiki/Congo_Free_State" title="Congo Free State">Congo Free State</a> as the personal domain of the King of the Belgians. Britain was subsequently to become a centre for opposition to <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II_of_Belgium" title="Leopold II of Belgium">Leopold II's</a> personal rule in the territory through organisations such as the <a href="/wiki/Congo_Reform_Association" title="Congo Reform Association">Congo Reform Association</a>. At one point, Britain even demanded that the 14 signatories to the Berlin Conference meet again to discuss the situation. In 1908, Belgium's parliament took control of the Congo, which became a conventional European colony. In the years prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, many Belgians bore considerable resentment over Britain's campaign against Leopold II's activities in the Congo.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The guarantees of neutrality of 1839 failed to prevent the invasion of Belgium by <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a> in 1914. It was the final straw for an element of the Liberal Party that needed a moralistic reason to enter the war, beyond the need to prevent the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Third_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Third French Republic">France</a>. Historian <a href="/wiki/Zara_Steiner" title="Zara Steiner">Zara Steiner</a> says of German's invasion: </p> <dl><dd>The public mood did change. Belgium proved to be a catalyst which unleashed the many emotions, rationalizations, and glorifications of war which had long been part of the British climate of opinion. Having a moral cause, all the latent anti-German feelings, that by years of naval rivalry and assumed enmity, rose to the surface. The 'scrap of paper' proved decisive both in maintaining the unity of the government and then in providing a focal point for public feeling.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the British fighting took place on Belgian soil, around <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front (World War I)</a>). During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_government_in_exile" title="Belgian government in exile">Belgian government in exile</a> based itself in London, as did the governments of many other countries; including <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile" title="Czechoslovak government-in-exile">Czechoslovakia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FCO_profile_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO_profile-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Around 250,000 Belgian refugees came to the UK during World War I; about 90% returned to Belgium soon after the war ended.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie" title="Agatha Christie">Agatha Christie</a>'s fictional detective <a href="/wiki/Hercule_Poirot" title="Hercule Poirot">Hercule Poirot</a> was depicted as one of them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_relations">Economic relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belgium%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Economic relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurostars_373_210_and_373_205_Brussels-South,_June_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Eurostars_373_210_and_373_205_Brussels-South%2C_June_2014.JPG/220px-Eurostars_373_210_and_373_205_Brussels-South%2C_June_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Eurostars_373_210_and_373_205_Brussels-South%2C_June_2014.JPG/330px-Eurostars_373_210_and_373_205_Brussels-South%2C_June_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Eurostars_373_210_and_373_205_Brussels-South%2C_June_2014.JPG/440px-Eurostars_373_210_and_373_205_Brussels-South%2C_June_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="2520" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Eurostar" title="Eurostar">Eurostar</a> connects <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> by train</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, the south eastern parts of Great Britain and the area that is now Belgium has evidence of trade since the 1st century<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and wool exports from the UK to cloth imports in the 10th-century <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a>. Flemish bricks were used on work to the Tower of London in 1278.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today as much as 7.8% of Belgium’s exports are to the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with just over 5% of Belgium's imports, over €12,000,000 coming from the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belgium is the UK's sixth-largest export market, worth £10,000,000 a year. The UK is Belgium's fourth-largest export market with two-way trade worth in the region of £22,000,000,000 of which £2,000,000,000 is in services.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Golden Bridge Awards were established in 2012 for UK export success in Belgium and recognising the importance of a close by market.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>, Trade between the <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and Belgium is governed by the <a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement</a> since 1 January 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_relations">Modern relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belgium%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today, there are roughly 30,000 British people living in Belgium, and 30,000 Belgians living in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-FCO_profile_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO_profile-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, the UK government announced £5,000,000 for the restoration of First World War graves in Flanders.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> made four <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_visits_made_by_Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state visits made by Queen Elizabeth II">state visits</a> to Belgium during her reign; in 1966 (being received by <a href="/wiki/King_Baudouin" class="mw-redirect" title="King Baudouin">King Baudouin</a>), and in 1993, 1998 and 2007, where she was received by <a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Belgium" title="Albert II of Belgium">King Albert II</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resident_diplomatic_missions">Resident diplomatic missions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belgium%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Resident diplomatic missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Belgium has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.</li> <li>the United Kingdom has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belgium%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Belgian_Memorial_(Brussels)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Belgian Memorial (Brussels)">Anglo-Belgian Memorial (Brussels)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Belgian_Memorial,_London" title="Anglo-Belgian Memorial, London">Anglo-Belgian Memorial, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union–United Kingdom relations">EU–UK relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ambassadors_from_the_United_Kingdom_to_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Belgium">List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Belgium</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belgium%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countries.diplomatie.belgium.be/en/united_kingdom/honorary_consulates/">"Honorary Consulates"</a>. <i>Embassy of Belgium in the UK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Brexit%3A+Landmark+UK-EU+trade+deal+to+be+signed&rft.date=2020-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-55476625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelgium%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/millions-of-pounds-to-support-restoration-and-repair-of-first-world-war-memorials">"Millions of pounds to support restoration and repair of First World War memorials"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Millions+of+pounds+to+support+restoration+and+repair+of+First+World+War+memorials&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Fmillions-of-pounds-to-support-restoration-and-repair-of-first-world-war-memorials&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelgium%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belgium%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Allen, Robert W. <i>Churchill's Guests: Britain and the Belgian Exiles During World War II</i> (Praeger, 2003).</li> <li>Allen Jr, Robert W. "Britain revives the Belgian army 1940–45." <i>Journal of Strategic Studies</i> 21.4 (1998): 78-96.</li> <li>Asquith, Herbert H. “Britain’s Tribute to Belgium.” <i>Current History</i> 4#6 (1916), pp. 1057–58, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/45327965">online</a>.</li> <li>Bond, Brian. <i>Britain, France, and Belgium, 1939-1940</i> (Brassey's, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44227218.">online review</a></li> <li>Declercq, Christophe. "The odd case of the welcome refugee in wartime Britain: uneasy numbers, disappearing acts and forgetfulness regarding Belgian refugees in the First World War." <i>Close Encounters in War Journal</i> 1.2 (2020): 5-26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/562604">online</a></li> <li>Demoor, Marysa. A Cross-Cultural History of Britain and Belgium, 1815–1918. Mudscapes and Artistic Entanglements (Palgrave/Macmillan, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87926-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87926-6</a></li> <li>François, Pieter. "'A little Britain on the Continent': the British perception of Belgium (1830-70)" (Pisa University Press, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/handle/2299/15488?show=full">link</a></li> <li>“German East Africa Divided Up: Belgium Gets Two Large Provinces, and Great Britain Takes the Rest, Renaming It Tanganyika Territory.” <i>Current History</i> 12#2 (1920), pp. 350–51 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45325304">online</a>.</li> <li>Green, Leanne. "Advertising war: Picturing Belgium in First World War publicity." <i>Media, War & Conflict</i> 7.3 (2014): 309-325. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.829.4303&rep=rep1&type=pdf">online</a></li> <li>Hayes, Paul. <i>Modern British Foreign Policy: The Nineteenth Century 1814-80</i> (1975) pp. 174–93.</li> <li>Helmreich, Jonathan E. <i>Belgium and Europe: A Study in Small Power Diplomacy</i> (Mouton De Gruyter, 1976).</li> <li>Helmreich, Jonathan E. "Belgium, Britain, the United States and Uranium, 1952-1959." <i>Studia Diplomatica</i> (1990): 27-81 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44836213">online</a>.</li> <li>Ward, Adolphus William, and George Peabody Gooch. <i>The Cambridge history of British foreign policy, 1783-1919. Vol. 1</i> (1929).</li> <li>Wilson, Trevor. "Lord Bryce's Investigation into Alleged German Atrocities in Belgium, 1914-15." <i>Journal of Contemporary History</i> 14.3 (1979): 369-383.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">Bilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Botswana–United Kingdom relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–United Kingdom relations">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Egypt–United Kingdom relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ethiopia–United Kingdom relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Kenya–United Kingdom relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Liberia–United Kingdom relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Libya–United Kingdom relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Malawi–United Kingdom relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Morocco–United Kingdom relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Mozambique–United Kingdom relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Namibia–United Kingdom relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Rwanda–United Kingdom relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Somalia–United Kingdom relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Somaliland–United Kingdom relations">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="South Africa–United Kingdom relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Sudan–United Kingdom relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Tanzania–United Kingdom relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Uganda–United Kingdom relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="United Kingdom–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="United Kingdom–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Antigua and Barbuda–United Kingdom relations">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Argentina–United Kingdom relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Barbados–United Kingdom relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Belize–United Kingdom relations">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Brazil–United Kingdom relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Canada–United Kingdom relations">Canada</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_relations" title="Canada–Turks and Caicos Islands relations">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Chile–United Kingdom relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Colombia–United Kingdom relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Cuba–United Kingdom relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Grenada–United Kingdom relations">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Haiti–United Kingdom relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Mexico–United Kingdom relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Peru–United Kingdom relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis–United Kingdom relations">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines–United Kingdom relations">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Trinidad and Tobago–United Kingdom relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="United Kingdom–United States relations">United States</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Special_Relationship" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bermuda%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bermuda–United States relations">Bermuda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cayman Islands–United States relations">Cayman Islands</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="United Kingdom–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="United Kingdom–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Afghanistan–United Kingdom relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Armenia–United Kingdom relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Azerbaijan–United Kingdom relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Bahrain–United Kingdom relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Bangladesh–United Kingdom relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Brunei–United Kingdom relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Cambodia–United Kingdom relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="China–United Kingdom relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="India–United Kingdom relations">India</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Cayman Islands–India relations">Cayman Islands</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Indonesia–United Kingdom relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Iran–United Kingdom relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Iraq–United Kingdom relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Israel–United Kingdom relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Japan–United Kingdom relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Jordan–United Kingdom relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Kazakhstan–United Kingdom relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Kyrgyzstan–United Kingdom relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Malaysia–United Kingdom relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Mongolia–United Kingdom relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Myanmar–United Kingdom relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Nepal–United Kingdom relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="North Korea–United Kingdom relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Oman–United Kingdom relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Pakistan–United Kingdom relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Palestine–United Kingdom relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Philippines–United Kingdom relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Qatar–United Kingdom relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Russia–United Kingdom relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–United Kingdom relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Singapore–United Kingdom relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="South Korea–United Kingdom relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Sri Lanka–United Kingdom relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Syria–United Kingdom relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Taiwan–United Kingdom relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Thailand–United Kingdom relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Turkey–United Kingdom relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="United Arab Emirates–United Kingdom relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="United Kingdom–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam–United Kingdom relations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="United Kingdom–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Albania–United Kingdom relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Austria–United Kingdom relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–United Kingdom relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Bulgaria–United Kingdom relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Croatia–United Kingdom relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Cyprus–United Kingdom relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Czech Republic–United Kingdom relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Denmark–United Kingdom relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Estonia–United Kingdom relations">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="France–United Kingdom relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Georgia–United Kingdom relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Germany–United Kingdom relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Greece–United Kingdom relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Holy See–United Kingdom relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Hungary–United Kingdom relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Iceland–United Kingdom relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ireland–United Kingdom relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Italy–United Kingdom relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Kosovo–United Kingdom relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Liechtenstein–United Kingdom relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Lithuania–United Kingdom relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Malta–United Kingdom relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Montenegro–United Kingdom relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Netherlands–United Kingdom relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="North Macedonia–United Kingdom relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Norway–United Kingdom relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Poland–United Kingdom relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Portugal–United Kingdom relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Romania–United Kingdom relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Russia–United Kingdom relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="San Marino–United Kingdom relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Serbia–United Kingdom relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Slovakia–United Kingdom relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Spain–United Kingdom relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Sweden–United Kingdom relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Switzerland–United Kingdom relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ukraine–United Kingdom relations">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Australia–United Kingdom relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="New Zealand–United Kingdom relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Papua New Guinea–United Kingdom relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="United Kingdom–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_CPTPP" title="Accession of the United Kingdom to CPTPP">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_International_Monetary_Fund" title="United Kingdom and the International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Latin America–United Kingdom relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_League_of_Nations" title="United Kingdom and the League of Nations">League of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_United_Nations" title="United Kingdom and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Diplomacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">1814–1919</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_entry_into_World_War_I" title="British entry into World War I">British entry into World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom">in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of international trips made by prime ministers of the United Kingdom">Prime Ministerial overseas trips</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Belgium–Canada relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Belgium–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Belgium–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Belgium–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Belgium–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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