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method='post'" > <input id="submit3" type="submit" class="inputButton buttonHeightSub" title=" Use advanced search functions to search IEU database " value="ADV " onClick="document.FormMain.action='advanced.asp' + '?q=' + document.getElementById('email').value;" > <div id="SearchFieldMobile" class="mattblacktabs" > <label for="email" class="visuallyhidden">Search: </label> <input id="email" type="text" name="Textalpha" value="Search" onfocus="this.value=''"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bg9 tc float90 marginZero" > <div class="clear"></div> <BR> <H1>County</H1>   <div> <div class="marginZero"> <ul class="fl NoListStyle"> <li class="NoListStyle"> <form name="MyFormPrevious" method="post" Action="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/previous.asp?bottomMenuDisplay=pages%5CC%5CO%5CCounty.htm&KidNumer=2372"> <input type="hidden" name="Previous entry" value="pages\C\O\County.htm"> <a href="javascript:document.MyFormPrevious.submit()" TITLE="Previous Entry" class="inlineBlockDisplay"><Strong><<<</Strong></a> </form> </li> </ul> <ul class=" fr NoListStyle" role="navigaton"> <li > <form name="MyFormNext" method="post" Action="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/next.asp?bottomMenuDisplay=pages%5CC%5CO%5CCounty.htm&KidNumer=2372"> <input type="hidden" name="Next entry" value="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages\C\O\County.htm"> <a href="javascript:document.MyFormNext.submit()" TITLE="Next Entry" class="inlineBlockDisplay"><Strong>>>></Strong></a> </form> </li> </ul> <ul class="NoListStyle" role="navigaton"> <li class="NoListStyle" > <A href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages%5CC%5CO%5CCounty.htm" title="View black-on-white text, print, copy-and-paste" class="NoListStyle" rel="nofollow">print</A> </li> </ul> <div class="clear"></div> </div>   <div class="clear"></div> <div id="picturesColumnRight">   </div> <div class="bg9 tc marginZero">  <div class="fl">  </div> <A name="TopPosition"> </A> <a name="main"></a> <P class="padingHistoryLand"><STRONG>County</STRONG> (Ukrainian: <I>povit</I>; Russian: <I>uezd</I>; Polish:<I> powiat</I>). Administrative-territorial entity introduced in Ukrainian territories in the second half of the 14th century, first in the territories under <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CO%5CPoland.htm">Poland</a> and then in the territories under the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CG%5CR%5CGrandDuchyofLithuania.htm">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>. In the second half of the 16th century the county system became the basis of the administrative-territorial system in all Ukrainian lands within the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CO%5CPolishCommonwealth.htm">Polish Commonwealth</a>. The county was not only an administrative but also a judicial territorial unit. The county was administered by the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CT%5CStarosta.htm">starosta</a>. In 1772 there were 27 counties and lands (<I>zemli</I>) in the Ukrainian territories that belonged to the Polish Commonwealth.</P><P class="padingHistoryLand">In the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CE%5CHetmanstate.htm">Hetman state</a> the county system was introduced in the 1760s (while the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CR%5CE%5CRegimentalsystem.htm">regimental system</a> and <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CO%5CCompanysystem.htm">company system</a> were preserved) in connection with the judicial reforms of <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CE%5CHetman.htm">Hetman</a> <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CR%5CO%5CRozumovskyKyrylo.htm">Kyrylo Rozumovsky</a>. In 1782 counties became administrative and financial entities there as well. The county system was introduced to <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CL%5CSlobidskaUkraine.htm">Slobidska Ukraine</a> and <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CO%5CSouthernUkraine.htm">southern Ukraine</a> somewhat later (after 1775) and to <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CR%5CI%5CRight6BankUkraine.htm">Right-Bank Ukraine</a> in the 1790s. The administrative and police authority in the counties was in the hands of the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CI%5CS%5CIspravnikIT.htm"><I>ispravnik</I></a>. The county assemblies of the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CN%5CO%5CNobility.htm">nobility</a> and the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CM%5CA%5CMarshal.htm">marshal</a> of the nobility elected by them were institutions of estate self-government. County zemstvo assemblies and county zemstvo executives were the basis of <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CZ%5CE%5CZemstvo.htm">zemstvo</a> self-government. In 1913 there were 126 counties in Ukrainian territories belonging to the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CR%5CU%5CRussianEmpire.htm">Russian Empire</a>, 99 of which were in the territories that eventually formed the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CU%5CK%5CUkrainianSSR.htm">Ukrainian SSR</a>.</P><P class="padingHistoryLand">In <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CG%5CA%5CGalicia.htm">Galicia</a> and <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CB%5CU%5CBukovyna.htm">Bukovyna</a> under Austrian rule the counties were under the jurisdiction of county heads. County self-government was realized through county councils and county departments, which were headed by county marshals. In 1914 there were 59 counties in Galicia, 34 in <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CT%5CR%5CTranscarpathia.htm">Transcarpathia</a>, and 10 in Bukovyna.</P><P class="padingHistoryLand">The county system was retained by the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CU%5CK%5CUkrainianNationalRepublic.htm">Ukrainian National Republic</a>. In Western Ukrainian territories under <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CO%5CPoland.htm">Poland</a>, <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CZ%5CCzechoslovakia.htm">Czechoslovakia</a>, and <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CR%5CO%5CRomania.htm">Romania</a> it was preserved until 1939. In the Ukrainian territories within the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CU%5CS%5CUSSR.htm">USSR</a>, however, the county and <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CG%5CU%5CGubernia.htm">gubernia</a> system was replaced in 1924–5 (and in the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CV%5CO%5CVoronezhregion.htm">Voronezh region</a> and <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CU%5CKurskregion.htm">Kursk region</a> in 1929) by the raion and <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CO%5CK%5COkruha.htm">okruha</a> (later oblast) system (see Administrative-territorial division).</P><BR> <CENTER> <P class="padingHistoryLand"></P></CENTER> </div> <div class="clear"></div>  <div class="bg9 marginbottom tc">    <div class="dr20 tc marginZero TotalWidth"> <A name="linksaddress"> </A> <BR> <HR class="marginZero"> <H2 class="tc mb b rozmiar50">List of related links from Encyclopedia of Ukraine pointing to <span class="FontDarkBlue b "> County</span> entry: <BR> </H2> <Div> <label for="groovybtn1" class="visuallyhidden">1 Abortion</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn1" name="groovybtn1" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 1 Abortion " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CB%5CAbortion.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn2" class="visuallyhidden">2 Agricultural education</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn2" name="groovybtn2" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 2 Agricultural education " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CG%5CAgriculturaleducation.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn3" class="visuallyhidden">3 Agronomy</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn3" name="groovybtn3" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 3 Agronomy " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CG%5CAgronomy.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn4" class="visuallyhidden">4 Agronomy, state and social</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn4" name="groovybtn4" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 4 Agronomy, state and social " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CG%5CAgronomystateandsocial.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn5" class="visuallyhidden">5 Aleksandrovych, Mytrofan</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn5" name="groovybtn5" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 5 Aleksandrovych, Mytrofan " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CL%5CAleksandrovychMytrofan.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn6" class="visuallyhidden">6 All-Ukrainian Council of Peasants' Deputies</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn6" name="groovybtn6" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 6 All-Ukrainian Council of Peasants' Deputies " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CL%5CAll6UkrainianCouncilofPeasantsDeputies.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn7" class="visuallyhidden">7 All-Ukrainian peasant congresses</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn7" name="groovybtn7" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 7 All-Ukrainian peasant congresses " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CL%5CAll6Ukrainianpeasantcongresses.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn8" class="visuallyhidden">8 Alushta</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn8" name="groovybtn8" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 8 Alushta " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CL%5CAlushta.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn9" class="visuallyhidden">9 Ananiv</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn9" name="groovybtn9" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 9 Ananiv " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CN%5CAnaniv.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn10" class="visuallyhidden">10 Anastaziievsky, Mykola</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn10" name="groovybtn10" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 10 Anastaziievsky, Mykola " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CN%5CAnastaziievskyMykola.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn11" class="visuallyhidden">11 Andriievsky, Opanas</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn11" name="groovybtn11" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 11 Andriievsky, Opanas " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CN%5CAndriievskyOpanas.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn12" class="visuallyhidden">12 Androkhovych, Amvrosii</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn12" name="groovybtn12" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 12 Androkhovych, Amvrosii " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CN%5CAndrokhovychAmvrosii.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn13" class="visuallyhidden">13 Andrusiak, Mykola</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn13" name="groovybtn13" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 13 Andrusiak, Mykola " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CN%5CAndrusiakMykola.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn14" class="visuallyhidden">14 Andrusiv, Petro</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn14" name="groovybtn14" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 14 Andrusiv, Petro " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CN%5CAndrusivPetro.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn15" class="visuallyhidden">15 Anhelovych, Antin</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn15" name="groovybtn15" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 15 Anhelovych, Antin " 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