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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Ancient </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Medieval </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Colonial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Modern </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wildlife_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildlife_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Wildlife and conservation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wildlife_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Executive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Legislature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judiciary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judiciary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Judiciary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judiciary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Law enforcement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zanzibar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zanzibar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Zanzibar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zanzibar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Administrative subdivisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policies_and_partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policies_and_partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Foreign policies and partnerships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policies_and_partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8.1 International partnerships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 Human rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_and_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_and_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy and infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy_and_infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy and infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy_and_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hunger_and_poverty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hunger_and_poverty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Hunger and poverty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hunger_and_poverty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry,_energy_and_construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry,_energy_and_construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Industry, energy and construction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry,_energy_and_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Banking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Communications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_statistics_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_statistics_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 Economic statistics controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_statistics_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_and_nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_and_nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Food and nutrition </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Food_and_nutrition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Food and nutrition subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Food_and_nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Programmes_targeting_hunger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programmes_targeting_hunger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Programmes targeting hunger </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programmes_targeting_hunger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Science and technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Education and Libraries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Women </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_anthem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_anthem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.1 National anthem </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_anthem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painting_and_sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painting_and_sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Painting and sculpture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painting_and_sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Cinema </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Tanzania</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 258 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-258" aria-hidden="true" > 258 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Танзаниэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Танзаниэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Танзание – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Танзание" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzani%C3%AB" title="Tanzanië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tanzanië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%9B%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AB" title="ታንዛኒያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ታንዛኒያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="तंजानिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तंजानिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Танзаниа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Танзаниа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تنزانيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تنزانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="টাঞ্জানিয়া – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="টাঞ্জানিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A3s%C3%A1%C3%B1a" title="Tãsáña – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tãsáña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansanya" title="Tansanya – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Tansanya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniya" title="Tanzaniya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tanzaniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تانزانیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تانزانیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="তানজানিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তানজানিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Танзания – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Танзания" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Танзанія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Танзанія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Танзанія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Танзанія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="तंजानिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तंजानिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansaniya" title="Tansaniya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tansaniya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Танзания – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Танзания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9B%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏན་ཛ་ནི་ཡ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏན་ཛ་ནི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanija" title="Tanzanija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tanzanija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Танзани – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Танзани" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanz%C3%A0nia" title="Tanzània – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tanzània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Танзани – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Танзани" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansaniya" title="Tansaniya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tansaniya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanie" title="Tanzanie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tanzanie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansan%C3%AFa" title="Tansanïa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tansanïa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="طانزانيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طانزانيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tans%C3%A1nia" title="Tansánia – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Tansánia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%93%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%92%DE%AD%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7" title="ޓެންޒޭނިއާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޓެންޒޭނިއާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%CA%BCek%CA%BCid_Honeez%C3%ADtsoh_Bib%C4%85%C4%85hgi_Naakaii_%C5%81izhin%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Beʼekʼid Honeezítsoh Bibąąhgi Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Beʼekʼid Honeezítsoh Bibąąhgi Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansanija" title="Tansanija – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Tansanija" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="तान्जानिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="तान्जानिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansaania" title="Tansaania – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tansaania" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τανζανία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τανζανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Танзания – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Танзания" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanio" title="Tanzanio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tanzanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target">Farefare</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تانزانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تانزانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanie" title="Tanzanie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tanzanie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansaniya" title="Tansaniya – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Tansaniya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tans%C3%A1in" title="An Tansáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tansáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniya" title="Tanzaniya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Tanzaniya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansainia" title="Tansainia – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tansainia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Танзани – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Танзани" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="તાન્ઝાનિયા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તાન્ઝાનિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%9E%90%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="탄자니아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄자니아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniya" title="Tanzaniya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tanzaniya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Տանզանիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տանզանիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="तंज़ानिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तंज़ानिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansanija" title="Tansanija – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Tansanija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanija" title="Tanzanija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tanzanija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="তাঞ্জানিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="তাঞ্জানিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Танзани – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Танзани" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITanzania" title="ITanzania – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ITanzania" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IThanzaniya" title="IThanzaniya – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IThanzaniya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansan%C3%ADa" title="Tansanía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tansanía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="טנזניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טנזניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzani" title="Tanzani – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tanzani" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಟಾಂಜಾನಿಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟಾಂಜಾನಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტანზანია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტანზანია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzani%C3%B4" title="Tanzaniô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Tanzaniô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Танзания – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Танзания" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzani" title="Tanzani – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tanzani" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniya" title="Tanzaniya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Tanzaniya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniya" title="Tanzaniya – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Tanzaniya" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzani" title="Tanzani – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tanzani" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzani" title="Tanzani – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tanzani" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanya" title="Tanzanya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tanzanya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Танзания – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Танзания" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Танзани – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Танзани" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaneja" title="Tanzaneja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Tanzaneja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanz%C4%81nija" title="Tanzānija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tanzānija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Танзания – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Танзания" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanija" title="Tanzanija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tanzanija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanii" title="Tanzanii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tanzanii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tanzanias" title="tanzanias – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tanzanias" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanz%C3%A1nia" title="Tanzánia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tanzánia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Танзанија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Танзанија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ടാൻസാനിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടാൻസാനിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan%C5%BCanija" title="Tanżanija – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tanżanija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81nahia" title="Tānahia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tānahia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="टांझानिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="टांझानिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტანზანია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტანზანია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تانزانيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تانزانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تانزانیا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تانزانیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯇꯥꯟꯓꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯥꯟꯓꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanz%C3%A1nia" title="Tanzánia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Tanzánia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Танзания – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Танзания" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Танзани – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Танзани" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%87%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="တန်ဇန်းနီးယားနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တန်ဇန်းနီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="तान्जनिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तान्जनिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ताञ्जानिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ताञ्जानिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B6%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="タンザニア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タンザニア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Танзани – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Танзани" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansaania" title="Tansaania – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Tansaania" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaaniyaa" title="Tanzaaniyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tanzaaniyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniya" title="Tanzaniya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tanzaniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਤਨਜ਼ਾਨੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਨਜ਼ਾਨੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="टंजानिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="टंजानिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تنزانیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تنزانیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تانزانيا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تانزانيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="តង់ហ្សានី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តង់ហ្សានី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzan%C3%ACa" title="Tanzanìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tanzanìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanz%C3%A2nia" title="Tanzânia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tanzânia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniya" title="Tanzaniya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Tanzaniya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniya" title="Tanzaniya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Tanzaniya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansa%C3%B1a" title="Tansaña – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tansaña" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Танзанія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Танзанія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Танзания – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Танзания" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Танзания – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Танзания" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="टंजानिया – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="टंजानिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzan%C3%AFi" title="Tanzanïi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Tanzanïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanz%C3%A0nia" title="Tanzània – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tanzània" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanie" title="Tanzanie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tanzanie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ටැන්සානියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ටැන්සානියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تنزانيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تنزانيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IThanzaniya" title="IThanzaniya – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IThanzaniya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanz%C3%A1nia" title="Tanzánia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tanzánia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanija" title="Tanzanija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tanzanija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanza%C5%84ijo" title="Tanzańijo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tanzańijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansaaniya" title="Tansaaniya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tansaaniya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تانزانیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تانزانیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Танзанија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Танзанија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanija" title="Tanzanija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tanzanija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="தன்சானியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தன்சானியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanya" title="Tanzanya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tanzanya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanie" title="Tanzanie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Tanzanie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Танзания – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Танзания" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းထၼ်ႇၸၼ်းၼီးယႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းထၼ်ႇၸၼ်းၼီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="టాంజానియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టాంజానియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศแทนซาเนีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศแทนซาเนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandhania" title="Tandhania – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Tandhania" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%9B%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AB" title="ታንዛኒያ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ታንዛኒያ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Танзания – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Танзания" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanya" title="Tanzanya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tanzanya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzani%C3%BDa" title="Tanzaniýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Tanzaniýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%CC%B1nzaniya" title="Ta̱nzaniya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ta̱nzaniya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Танзания – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Танзания" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Танзанія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Танзанія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81" title="تنزانیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تنزانیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="تانزانىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تانزانىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanz%C3%A0nia" title="Tanzània – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tanzània" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanii" title="Tanzanii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tanzanii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansan%C3%A4n" title="Tansanän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tansanän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansaania" title="Tansaania – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tansaania" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="坦桑尼亞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="坦桑尼亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansani" title="Tansani – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Tansani" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="坦桑尼亞 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="坦桑尼亞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A2" title="טאנזאניע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טאנזאניע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="坦桑尼亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="坦桑尼亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanya" title="Tanzanya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tanzanya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanz%C3%A2nia" title="Tanzânia – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Tanzânia" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzan%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Tanzanėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tanzanėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="坦桑尼亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="坦桑尼亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Tansania" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ghanaian Pidgin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Tanzania" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%99nz%C9%99nij%C9%99" title="Tənzənijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Tənzənijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A5%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵟⴰⵏⵥⴰⵏⵢⴰ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵟⴰⵏⵥⴰⵏⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q924#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tanzania" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown 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</div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Tanzania" hreflang="en">Wikinews</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Tanzania" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tanzania" hreflang="en">Wikivoyage</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a 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.geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tanzania&params=6_S_35_E_">6°S 35°E / 6°S 35°E / -6; 35</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected until June 16, 2025 at 20:28 UTC."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in East Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the country in East Africa. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tanzania_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tanzania (disambiguation)">Tanzania (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">United Republic of Tanzania</div><div class="ib-country-names">Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania (<a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tanzania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Tanzania"><img alt="Flag of Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/125px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/188px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/250px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tanzania" title="Flag of Tanzania">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Tanzania"><img alt="Coat of arms of Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="291" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania" title="Coat of arms of Tanzania"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: "Uhuru na Umoja"<div>"Freedom and Unity"</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: "<a href="/wiki/Mungu_ibariki_Afrika" title="Mungu ibariki Afrika">Mungu ibariki Afrika</a>" "God bless Africa"<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="52" data-mwtitle="Tanzanian_national_anthem,_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Tanzanian_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Tanzanian_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga/Tanzanian_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATanzanian_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATanzanian_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATanzanian_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=sw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sw" label="Kiswahili ‪(sw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATanzanian_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Tanzania_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tanzania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Tanzania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tanzania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Tanzania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tanzania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Tanzania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a>Show globe</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Tanzania_AU_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Location_Tanzania_AU_Africa.svg/250px-Location_Tanzania_AU_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Location_Tanzania_AU_Africa.svg/375px-Location_Tanzania_AU_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Location_Tanzania_AU_Africa.svg/500px-Location_Tanzania_AU_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1300" /></a>Show map of Africa</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tanzania&params=6_10_S_35_44_E_type:city">6°10′S 35°44′E / 6.167°S 35.733°E / -6.167; 35.733</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tanzania&params=06_48_S_39_16_E_region:TZ-02_type:city(6,400,000)">06°48′S 39°16′E / 6.800°S 39.267°E / -6.800; 39.267</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tanzania" title="Languages of Tanzania">Over 100 languages</a>, including (1m+): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist" style="line-break:anywhere"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shambala_language" title="Shambala language">Shambala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sukuma_language" title="Sukuma language">Sukuma</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nyamwezi_language" title="Nyamwezi language">Nyamwezi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chaga_languages" title="Chaga languages">Chagga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ha_language" title="Ha language">Ha</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bena_language" title="Bena language">Bena</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gogo_language" title="Gogo language">Gogo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Haya_language" title="Haya language">Haya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dholuo" title="Dholuo">Dholuo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqw_language" title="Iraqw language">Iraqw</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Makonde_language" title="Makonde language">Makonde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nyaturu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaturu language">Nyaturu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_language" title="Maasai language">Maasai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jita_language" title="Jita language">Jita</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pare_language" title="Pare language">Pare</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2020)<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;">63.1% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Tanzania" title="Christianity in Tanzania">Christianity</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">34.1% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tanzania" title="Islam in Tanzania">Islam</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">1.5% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">1.2% <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">traditional faiths</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.1% others</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tanzania" title="Demographics of Tanzania">Tanzanian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tanzania" title="Politics of Tanzania">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary dominant-party <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Tanzania">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia Suluhu Hassan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-President of Tanzania">Vice-President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Mpango" title="Philip Mpango">Philip Mpango</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tanzania" title="Prime Minister of Tanzania">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kassim_Majaliwa" title="Kassim Majaliwa">Kassim Majaliwa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Tanzania">Speaker</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tulia_Ackson" title="Tulia Ackson">Tulia Ackson</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Tanzania" title="Chief Justice of Tanzania">Chief Justice</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Hamis_Juma" title="Ibrahim Hamis Juma">Ibrahim Hamis Juma</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Tanzania)" title="National Assembly (Tanzania)">National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Independence <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="Tanganyika (1961–1964)">Tanganyika</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 December 1961</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Zanzibar" title="People's Republic of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 December 1963</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar </div></th><td class="infobox-data">26 April 1964</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Current constitution </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 April 1977</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tanzania" title="Geography of Tanzania">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">947,303 km2 (365,756 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">30th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6.4<a href="#cite_note-BFF-6">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tanzania" title="Demographics of Tanzania">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">67,462,121<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">23rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2022 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 61,741,120<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">65.2/km2 (168.9/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">147th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $269.67 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.TZ-9">[8]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">68th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $4,130<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.TZ-9">[8]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">161st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $83.276 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.TZ-9">[8]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">82nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $1,234<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.TZ-9">[8]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">166th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2017)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 40.5<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.532<a href="#cite_note-HDI-11">[10]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">low (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">167th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_shilling" title="Tanzanian shilling">Tanzanian shilling</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">TZS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+3 (<a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Time" title="East Africa Time">East Africa Time</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Tanzania" title="Telephone numbers in Tanzania">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B255" class="mw-redirect" title="+255">+255</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:TZ" title="ISO 3166-2:TZ">TZ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.tz" title=".tz">.tz</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Tanzania,<a href="#cite_note-15">[c]</a> officially the United Republic of Tanzania,<a href="#cite_note-16">[d]</a> is a country in <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a> within the <a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a> region. It is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> to the northwest; <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> to the northeast; the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> to the east; <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> to the south; <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> to the southwest; and <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> to the west. According to the 2022 national census, Tanzania has a population of around 62 million, making it the most populous country located entirely south of the equator. Many important <a href="/wiki/Hominid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominid">hominid</a> fossils have been found in Tanzania. In the Stone and Bronze Age, prehistoric migrations into Tanzania included <a href="/wiki/South_Cushitic_languages" title="South Cushitic languages">Southern Cushitic</a> speakers similar to modern day <a href="/wiki/Iraqw_people" title="Iraqw people">Iraqw people</a> who moved south from present-day Ethiopia;<a href="#cite_note-Genetics-17">[13]</a> Eastern Cushitic people who moved into Tanzania from north of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Turkana" title="Lake Turkana">Lake Turkana</a> about 2,000 and 4,000 years ago;<a href="#cite_note-Genetics-17">[13]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Nilotic_languages" title="Southern Nilotic languages">Southern Nilotes</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Datooga_people" title="Datooga people">Datoog</a>, who originated from the present-day South Sudan–Ethiopia border region between 2,900 and 2,400 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-Genetics-17">[13]</a>: page 18  These movements took place at about the same time as the settlement of the <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Mashariki Bantu</a> from West Africa in the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Victoria" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika" title="Lake Tanganyika">Lake Tanganyika</a> areas.<a href="#cite_note-Genetics-17">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-18">[14]</a> In the late 19th century, the mainland came under German rule as <a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a>, and this was followed by British rule after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> when it was governed as <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanganyika (territory)">Tanganyika</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_Archipelago" title="Zanzibar Archipelago">Zanzibar Archipelago</a> remaining a separate colonial jurisdiction. Following their respective independence in 1961 and 1963, the two entities merged in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-factbook-19">[15]</a> Tanganyika joined the British <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> and Tanzania remains a member of the Commonwealth as a unified republic.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-20">[16]</a> Today, the country is a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential</a> constitutional republic with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_capital" title="Federal capital">federal capital</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Government_City_(Dodoma)" title="Government City (Dodoma)">Government City (Dodoma)</a>;<a href="#cite_note-21">[17]</a> the former capital, <a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a>, retains most government offices and is the country's largest city, principal port, and leading commercial centre.<a href="#cite_note-factbook-19">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-official_website-22">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a> Tanzania is a <a href="/wiki/Dominant-party_system" title="Dominant-party system">de facto one-party state</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Chama_Cha_Mapinduzi" title="Chama Cha Mapinduzi">Chama Cha Mapinduzi</a> party in power.<a href="#cite_note-24">[20]</a> The country has not experienced major internal strife since independence and is seen as one of the safest and most politically stable on the continent.<a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a> Tanzania's population comprises about 120 <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups">ethnic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-East_Africa_Living_Encyclopedia-26">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic groups">linguistic</a>, and religious groups. <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tanzania" title="Religion in Tanzania">religion in Tanzania</a>, with substantial <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animist</a> minorities.<a href="#cite_note-Pew_Africa-27">[23]</a> Over 100 <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tanzania" title="Languages of Tanzania">languages are spoken in Tanzania</a>, making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa;<a href="#cite_note-sim-28">[24]</a> the country does not have a de jure official language,<a href="#cite_note-Mugoti-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-expogr-3">[3]</a> although the national language is <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tzgov-29">[25]</a> English is used in foreign trade, in diplomacy, in higher courts, and as a medium of instruction in secondary and higher education,<a href="#cite_note-sim-28">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-afkinsider.com-30">[26]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> is spoken in <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>. Tanzania is mountainous and densely forested in the north-east, where <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro" title="Mount Kilimanjaro">Mount Kilimanjaro</a>, the highest <a href="/wiki/African_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="African mountains">mountain in Africa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_mountains_on_Earth" title="List of highest mountains on Earth">highest single free-standing mountain above sea level</a> in the world, is located. Three of the <a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a> are partly within Tanzania. To the north and west lie Lake Victoria, Africa's largest lake, and Lake Tanganyika, the continent's deepest lake, known for its unique species of fish. To the south lies <a href="/wiki/Lake_Malawi" title="Lake Malawi">Lake Malawi</a>. The eastern shore is hot and humid, with the Zanzibar Archipelago just offshore. The <a href="/wiki/Menai_Bay_Conservation_Area" title="Menai Bay Conservation Area">Menai Bay Conservation Area</a> is Zanzibar's largest marine protected area. The <a href="/wiki/Kalambo_Falls" title="Kalambo Falls">Kalambo Falls</a>, located on the <a href="/wiki/Kalambo_River" title="Kalambo River">Kalambo River</a> at the Zambian border, is the second-highest uninterrupted waterfall in Africa.<a href="#cite_note-Kalambo_Falls-31">[27]</a> Tanzania is one of the most visited tourist destinations for <a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">safaris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[28]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The name Tanzania was created as a <a href="/wiki/Clipped_compound" title="Clipped compound">clipped compound</a> of the names of the two states that unified to create the country: <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="Tanganyika (1961–1964)">Tanganyika</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Zanzibar" title="People's Republic of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a> It consists of the first three letters of the names of the two states ("Tan" and "Zan") and the suffix "-ia." The name Tanganyika is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> words tanga "sail" and nyika "uninhabited plain, wilderness", creating the phrase "sail in the wilderness". It is sometimes understood as a reference to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika" title="Lake Tanganyika">Lake Tanganyika</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[30]</a> The name of <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> derives from <a href="/wiki/Zanj" title="Zanj">Zanj</a>, the name of a local people (said to mean "black"), and Arabic barr "coast" or "shore."<a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Tanzania" title="History of Tanzania">History of Tanzania</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Zanzibar" title="History of Zanzibar">History of Zanzibar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olduvai_stone_chopping_tool_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Olduvai_stone_chopping_tool_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Olduvai_stone_chopping_tool_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Olduvai_stone_chopping_tool_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-Olduvai_stone_chopping_tool_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Olduvai_stone_chopping_tool_%28cropped%29.jpg/480px-Olduvai_stone_chopping_tool_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2780" data-file-height="2625" /></a><figcaption>A 1.8-million-year-old stone chopping tool discovered at <a href="/wiki/Olduvai_Gorge" title="Olduvai Gorge">Olduvai Gorge</a> and on display at the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient">Ancient</h3></div> Tanzania is one of the oldest continuously inhabited areas on Earth. Traces of fossil remains of humans and hominids date back to the <a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a> era. The <a href="/wiki/Olduvai_Gorge" title="Olduvai Gorge">Olduvai Gorge</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area" title="Ngorongoro Conservation Area">Ngorongoro Conservation Area</a>, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>, features a collection with remnants of tools that document the development and use of transitional <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a>. The indigenous populations of eastern Africa are thought to be the <a href="/wiki/Hadza_language" title="Hadza language">linguistically isolated</a> <a href="/wiki/Hadza_people" title="Hadza people">Hadza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandawe_people" title="Sandawe people">Sandawe</a> hunter-gatherers of Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-Genetics-17">[13]</a>: page 17  The first wave of migration was by <a href="/wiki/South_Cushitic_languages" title="South Cushitic languages">Southern Cushitic</a> speakers who moved south from <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> into Tanzania. They are ancestral to the <a href="/wiki/Iraqw_language" title="Iraqw language">Iraqw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorowa_language" title="Gorowa language">Gorowa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Burunge_language" title="Burunge language">Burunge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Genetics-17">[13]</a>: page 17  Based on linguistic evidence, there may also have been two movements into Tanzania of Eastern Cushitic people at about 4,000 and 2,000 years ago, originating from north of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Turkana" title="Lake Turkana">Lake Turkana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Genetics-17">[13]</a>: pages 17–18  Archaeological evidence supports the conclusion that <a href="/wiki/Southern_Nilotic_languages" title="Southern Nilotic languages">Southern Nilotes</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Datooga_people" title="Datooga people">Datoog</a>, moved south from the present-day South Sudan / Ethiopia border region into central northern Tanzania between 2,900 and 2,400 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-Genetics-17">[13]</a>: page 18  These movements took place at approximately the same time as the settlement of the iron-making <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu</a> from West Africa in the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Victoria" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika" title="Lake Tanganyika">Lake Tanganyika</a> areas, as part of the centuries-long <a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a>. The Bantu peoples brought with them the west African planting tradition and the primary staple of <a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">yams</a>. They subsequently migrated out of these regions across the rest of Tanzania between 2,300 and 1,700 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-Genetics-17">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-18">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Nilotic_languages" title="Eastern Nilotic languages">Eastern Nilotic</a> peoples, including the <a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai</a>, represent a more recent migration from present-day South Sudan within the past 500 to 1,500 years.<a href="#cite_note-Genetics-17">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a> The people of Tanzania have been associated with the production of iron and steel. The <a href="/wiki/Pare_people" title="Pare people">Pare people</a> were the main producers of sought-after iron for peoples who occupied the mountain regions of north-eastern Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Haya_people" title="Haya people">Haya people</a> on the western shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Victoria" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a> invented a type of high-heat <a href="/wiki/Blast_furnace" title="Blast furnace">blast furnace</a>, which allowed them to forge <a href="/wiki/Carbon_steel" title="Carbon steel">carbon steel</a> at temperatures exceeding 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) more than 1,500 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a> Travelers and merchants from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> and India have visited the east African coast since early in the first millennium AD.<a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> was practiced by some on the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Swahili Coast">Swahili Coast</a> as early as the eighth or ninth century AD.<a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval">Medieval</h3></div> Bantu-speakers built farming and trade villages along the Tanzanian coast from the outset of the first millennium. Archaeological finds at <a href="/wiki/Fukuchani" title="Fukuchani">Fukuchani</a>, on the north-west coast of Zanzibar, indicate a settled agricultural and fishing community from the 6th century CE at the latest. The considerable amount of daub found indicates timber buildings, and shell beads, bead grinders, and iron slag have been found at the site. There is evidence for limited engagement in long-distance trade: a small amount of imported pottery has been found, less than 1% of total pottery finds, mostly from the Gulf and dated to the 5th to 8th century. The similarity to contemporary sites such as <a href="/wiki/Mkokotoni" title="Mkokotoni">Mkokotoni</a> and Dar es Salaam indicate a unified group of communities that developed into the first centre of coastal maritime culture. The coastal towns appear to have been engaged in Indian Ocean and inland African trade at this early period. Trade rapidly increased in importance and quantity beginning in the mid-8th century and by the close of the 10th century Zanzibar was one of the central Swahili trading towns.<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a> Growth in Egyptian and Persian shipping from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf revitalised <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_trade" title="Indian Ocean trade">Indian Ocean trade</a>, particularly after the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a> relocated to Fustat (Cairo). Swahili agriculturalists built increasingly dense settlements to tap into trade, these forming the earliest Swahili city-states. The Venda-Shona Kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Mapungubwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapungubwe">Mapungubwe</a> and Zimbabwe in South Africa and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, respectively, became a major producer of gold around this same period. Economic, social, and religious power was increasingly vested in <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Sultanate" title="Kilwa Sultanate">Kilwa</a>, Tanzania's major medieval city-state. Kilwa controlled a number of smaller ports stretching down to modern-day Mozambique. <a href="/wiki/Sofala" title="Sofala">Sofala</a> became the major gold emporium and Kilwa grew rich off the trade, lying at the southern end of the Indian Ocean Monsoons. Kilwa's major rivals lay to the north, in modern-day Kenya, namely Mombasa and Malindi. Kilwa remained the major power in East Africa until the arrival of the Portuguese at the end of the 15th century.<a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial">Colonial</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Territory" title="Tanganyika Territory">Tanganyika Territory</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Kilwa,_1572.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/City_of_Kilwa%2C_1572.jpg/220px-City_of_Kilwa%2C_1572.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/City_of_Kilwa%2C_1572.jpg/330px-City_of_Kilwa%2C_1572.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/City_of_Kilwa%2C_1572.jpg/440px-City_of_Kilwa%2C_1572.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1782" data-file-height="1443" /></a><figcaption>A 1572 depiction of the city of <a href="/wiki/Kilwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilwa">Kilwa</a>, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></figcaption></figure> Claiming the coastal strip, <a href="/wiki/Omani" class="mw-redirect" title="Omani">Omani</a> Sultan <a href="/wiki/Said_bin_Sultan" title="Said bin Sultan">Said bin Sultan</a> moved his capital to <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_City" title="Zanzibar City">Zanzibar City</a> in 1840. During this time, Zanzibar became the centre for the <a href="/wiki/East_African_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="East African slave trade">east African slave trade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> Between 65 and 90 per cent of the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_people" title="Swahili people">Swahili</a> population of <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> was enslaved.<a href="#cite_note-44">[40]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] One of the most infamous slave traders on the East African coast was <a href="/wiki/Tippu_Tip" title="Tippu Tip">Tippu Tip</a>, who was the grandson of an enslaved African. The <a href="/wiki/Nyamwezi_people" title="Nyamwezi people">Nyamwezi</a> slave traders operated under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Msiri" title="Msiri">Msiri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mirambo" title="Mirambo">Mirambo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[41]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Insoll" title="Timothy Insoll">Timothy Insoll</a>, "Figures record the exporting of 718,000 slaves from the Swahili coast during the 19th century, and the retention of 769,000 on the coast."<a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a> In the 1890s, slavery was abolished.<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilhelm_Kuhnert_Schlacht_bei_Mahenge_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wilhelm_Kuhnert_Schlacht_bei_Mahenge_2.jpg/220px-Wilhelm_Kuhnert_Schlacht_bei_Mahenge_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wilhelm_Kuhnert_Schlacht_bei_Mahenge_2.jpg/330px-Wilhelm_Kuhnert_Schlacht_bei_Mahenge_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wilhelm_Kuhnert_Schlacht_bei_Mahenge_2.jpg/440px-Wilhelm_Kuhnert_Schlacht_bei_Mahenge_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3824" data-file-height="2584" /></a><figcaption>Battle during the <a href="/wiki/Maji_Maji_Rebellion" title="Maji Maji Rebellion">Maji Maji Rebellion</a> against <a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German</a> colonial rule in 1905</figcaption></figure> In 1863, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_Ghost_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holy Ghost Mission (page does not exist)">Holy Ghost Mission</a> established an early reception center and depot at Zanzibar. In 1877, responding to appeals of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Morton_Stanley" title="Henry Morton Stanley">Henry Stanley</a> following his <a href="/wiki/Henry_Morton_Stanley%27s_first_trans-Africa_expedition" title="Henry Morton Stanley's first trans-Africa expedition">trans-Africa expedition</a>, and permission being given to Stanley by <a href="/wiki/Muteesa_I_of_Buganda" title="Muteesa I of Buganda">King Mutessa I of Buganda</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Church_Mission_Society" title="Church Mission Society">Church Missionary Society</a> sent missionaries <a href="/wiki/Edward_John_Baxter" title="Edward John Baxter">Edward Baxter</a> and Henry Cole to establish inland missions.<a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> In 1885, Germany conquered the regions that are now Tanzania (minus Zanzibar) and incorporated them into <a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a> (GEA).<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> The Supreme Council of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">1919 Paris Peace Conference</a> awarded all of GEA to Britain on 7 May 1919, over the strenuous objections of Belgium.<a href="#cite_note-Ends-52">[48]</a>: 240  The British <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">colonial secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Milner,_1st_Viscount_Milner" title="Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner">Alfred Milner</a>, and Belgium's minister <a href="/wiki/Plenipotentiary" title="Plenipotentiary">plenipotentiary</a> to the conference, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Orts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Orts (page does not exist)">Pierre Orts</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Orts" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre Orts">fr</a>], then negotiated the Anglo-Belgian agreement of 30 May 1919<a href="#cite_note-Belgium-53">[49]</a>: 618–9  where Britain ceded the north-western GEA provinces of <a href="/wiki/Ruanda-Urundi" title="Ruanda-Urundi">Ruanda and Urundi</a> to Belgium.<a href="#cite_note-Ends-52">[48]</a>: 246  The conference's Commission on Mandates ratified this agreement on 16 July 1919.<a href="#cite_note-Ends-52">[48]</a>: 246–7  The Supreme Council accepted the agreement on 7 August 1919.<a href="#cite_note-Belgium-53">[49]</a>: 612–3  On 12 July 1919, the Commission on Mandates agreed that the small <a href="/wiki/Kionga_Triangle" title="Kionga Triangle">Kionga Triangle</a> south of the <a href="/wiki/Rovuma_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Rovuma River">Rovuma River</a> would be given to <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Ends-52">[48]</a>: 243  with it eventually becoming part of independent Mozambique. The commission reasoned that Germany had virtually forced Portugal to cede the triangle in 1894.<a href="#cite_note-Ends-52">[48]</a>: 243  The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> was signed on 28 June 1919, although the treaty did not take effect until 10 January 1920. On that date, the GEA was transferred officially to Britain, Belgium, and Portugal. Also on that date, "Tanganyika" became the name of the British territory. In the mid-1920s, the British implemented a system of <a href="/wiki/Indirect_rule" title="Indirect rule">indirect rule</a> in Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Maji_Maji_Rebellion" title="Maji Maji Rebellion">Maji Maji Rebellion</a>, between 1905 and 1907, was an uprising of several African tribes in <a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a> against the colonial authorities, in particular because of forced labour and deportation of certain tribes. It was the subject of a bloody repression, which combined with famine caused 300,000 deaths among the population, out of a Tanganyikan population of about four million.<a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, about 100,000 people from Tanganyika joined the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied forces</a><a href="#cite_note-Heale-56">[52]</a> and were among the 375,000 Africans who fought with those forces.<a href="#cite_note-MGT-57">[53]</a> Tanganyikans fought in units of the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_African_Rifles" title="King's African Rifles">King's African Rifles</a> during the <a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African Campaign</a> in Somalia and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Abyssinia</a> against the Italians, in Madagascar against the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy French">Vichy French</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Madagascar Campaign</a>, and in Burma against the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign_1944%E2%80%9345" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign 1944–45">Burma Campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MGT-57">[53]</a> Tanganyika was an important source of food during this war, and its export income increased greatly compared to the pre-war years of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Heale-56">[52]</a> Wartime demand, however, caused increased commodity prices and massive inflation within the colony.<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> In 1954, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a> transformed an organisation into the politically oriented <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_African_National_Union" title="Tanganyika African National Union">Tanganyika African National Union</a> (TANU). TANU's main objective was to achieve national <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> for Tanganyika. A campaign to register new members was launched, and within a year, TANU had become the leading political organisation in the country. Nyerere became Minister of British-administered Tanganyika in 1960 and continued as prime minister when Tanganyika became independent in 1961.<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3></div> British rule came to an end on 9 December 1961. <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>, who had acceded to the British throne in 1952, continued to reign through the first year of Tanganyika's independence, but now distinctly as <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">Queen of Tanganyika</a>, represented by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_general" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor general">governor general</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page 6  Tanganyika also joined the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">British Commonwealth</a> in 1961.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-20">[16]</a> On 9 December 1962, Tanganyika became a democratic republic under an executive president.<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page 6  After the <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_Revolution" title="Zanzibar Revolution">Zanzibar Revolution</a> overthrew the Arab dynasty in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>, accompanied with the slaughter of thousands of Arab Zanzibaris,<a href="#cite_note-Zanzibar-61">[57]</a> which had become independent in 1963, the archipelago merged with mainland Tanganyika on 26 April 1964.<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> The new country was then named the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar.<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> On 29 October of the same year, the country was renamed the United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" comes from Tanganyika and "Zan" from Zanzibar).<a href="#cite_note-factbook-19">[15]</a> The union of the two hitherto separate regions was controversial among many Zanzibaris (even those sympathetic to the revolution) but was accepted by both the <a href="/wiki/Nyerere" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyerere">Nyerere</a> government and the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_Zanzibar" title="Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar">Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar</a> owing to shared political values and goals.<a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a> Following Tanganyika's independence and unification with Zanzibar leading to the state of Tanzania, President Nyerere emphasised a need to construct a national identity for the citizens of the new country. To achieve this, Nyerere provided what is regarded as one of the most successful cases of ethnic repression and identity transformation in Africa.<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> With more than 130 languages spoken within its territory, Tanzania is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in Africa. Despite this obstacle, ethnic divisions remained rare in Tanzania when compared to the rest of the continent, notably its immediate neighbour, Kenya. Furthermore, since its independence, Tanzania has displayed more political stability than most African countries, particularly due to Nyerere's ethnic repression methods.<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arusha_Declaration_Monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Arusha_Declaration_Monument.jpg/220px-Arusha_Declaration_Monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Arusha_Declaration_Monument.jpg/330px-Arusha_Declaration_Monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Arusha_Declaration_Monument.jpg/440px-Arusha_Declaration_Monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Arusha_Declaration_Monument" title="Arusha Declaration Monument">Arusha Declaration Monument</a></figcaption></figure> In 1967, Nyerere's first presidency took a turn to the <a href="/wiki/Left_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Left politics">left</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Arusha_Declaration" title="Arusha Declaration">Arusha Declaration</a>, which codified a commitment to socialism as well as <a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a>. After the declaration, banks and many large industries were nationalised. Tanzania was also aligned with China, which from 1970 to 1975 financed and helped build the 1,860-kilometre-long (1,160 mi) <a href="/wiki/TAZARA_Railway" title="TAZARA Railway">TAZARA Railway</a> from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, to Kapiri-Mposhi, Zambia.<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a> Nonetheless, from the late 1970s, Tanzania's economy took a turn for the worse, in the context of an international economic crisis affecting both developed and developing economies. In 1978, the neighbouring Uganda, under the leadership of Idi Amin, <a href="/wiki/Uganda-Tanzania_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda-Tanzania War">invaded Tanzania</a>. This disastrous invasion would culminate in Tanzania invading Uganda with the aid of Ugandan rebels and deposing Idi Amin as a result. However, the war severely damaged Tanzania's economy.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Through the 1980s, conservation oriented national parks such as <a href="/wiki/Serengeti_National_Park" title="Serengeti National Park">Serengeti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kilimanjaro_National_Park" title="Kilimanjaro National Park">Kilimanjaro</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro" title="Mount Kilimanjaro">Mount Kilimanjaro</a> as the tallest freestanding summit on Earth, were included on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage List">UNESCO World Heritage List</a>. From the mid-1980s, the regime financed itself by borrowing from the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> and underwent some reforms. Since then, Tanzania's gross domestic product per capita has grown and poverty has been reduced, according to a report by the World Bank.<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a> In 1992, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Tanzania">Constitution of Tanzania</a> was amended to allow multiple political parties.<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> In Tanzania's first multi-party elections, held in 1995, the ruling <a href="/wiki/Chama_Cha_Mapinduzi" title="Chama Cha Mapinduzi">Chama Cha Mapinduzi</a> won 186 of the 232 elected seats in the National Assembly, and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa">Benjamin Mkapa</a> was elected as president.<a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a> The presidents of Tanzania since Independence have been <a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a> 1962–1985, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_Mwinyi" title="Ali Hassan Mwinyi">Ali Hassan Mwinyi</a> 1985–1995, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa">Benjamin Mkapa</a> 1995–2005, <a href="/wiki/Jakaya_Kikwete" title="Jakaya Kikwete">Jakaya Kikwete</a> 2005–2015, <a href="/wiki/John_Magufuli" title="John Magufuli">John Magufuli</a> 2015–2021, and <a href="/wiki/Samia_Hassan_Suluhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Samia Hassan Suluhu">Samia Hassan Suluhu</a> since 2021.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> After the long tenure of president Nyerere, the Constitution has a term limit: a president can serve a maximum of two terms. Each term is five years.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> Every president has represented the ruling party <a href="/wiki/Chama_Cha_Mapinduzi" title="Chama Cha Mapinduzi">Chama Cha Mapinduzi</a> (CCM).<a href="#cite_note-cfr.org-74">[70]</a> President Magufuli won a landslide victory and re-election in October 2020. According to the opposition, the <a href="/wiki/2020_Tanzanian_general_election" title="2020 Tanzanian general election">election</a> was full of fraud and irregularities.<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a> On 17 March 2021, President <a href="/wiki/John_Magufuli" title="John Magufuli">John Magufuli</a> died in office.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> Magufuli's vice president, <a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia Suluhu Hassan</a>, became Tanzania's first female president.<a href="#cite_note-:7-77">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tanzania" title="Geography of Tanzania">Geography of Tanzania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_Archipelago" title="Zanzibar Archipelago">Zanzibar Archipelago</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:348px;max-width:348px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Elephant_and_Kilimanjaro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Elephant_and_Kilimanjaro.jpg/180px-Elephant_and_Kilimanjaro.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Elephant_and_Kilimanjaro.jpg/270px-Elephant_and_Kilimanjaro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Elephant_and_Kilimanjaro.jpg/360px-Elephant_and_Kilimanjaro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="851" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">An elephant passing by the snow-capped <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro" title="Mount Kilimanjaro">Mount Kilimanjaro</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ngorongoro_Crater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ngorongoro_Crater.jpg/160px-Ngorongoro_Crater.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ngorongoro_Crater.jpg/240px-Ngorongoro_Crater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ngorongoro_Crater.jpg/320px-Ngorongoro_Crater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ngorongoro_Crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngorongoro Crater">Ngorongoro Crater</a>, the world's largest inactive and intact volcanic <a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">caldera</a></div></div></div></div></div> At 947,403 square kilometres (365,794 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-BFF-6">[5]</a> Tanzania is the 13th largest country in Africa and the 31st largest in the world, ranked between the larger Egypt and smaller Nigeria.<a href="#cite_note-Size-78">[74]</a> It borders Kenya and Uganda to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. Tanzania is located on the eastern coast of Africa and has an Indian Ocean coastline approximately 1,424 kilometres (885 mi) long.<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> It also incorporates several offshore islands, including <a href="/wiki/Unguja" title="Unguja">Unguja</a> (Zanzibar), <a href="/wiki/Pemba_Island" title="Pemba Island">Pemba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mafia_Island" title="Mafia Island">Mafia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1245  The country is the site of Africa's highest and lowest points: <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro" title="Mount Kilimanjaro">Mount Kilimanjaro</a>, at 5,895 metres (19,341 ft) above sea level, and the floor of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika" title="Lake Tanganyika">Lake Tanganyika</a>, at 1,471 metres (4,826 ft) below sea level, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1245  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wildebeest_Migration_in_Serengeti_National_Park,_Tanzania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Wildebeest_Migration_in_Serengeti_National_Park%2C_Tanzania.jpg/230px-Wildebeest_Migration_in_Serengeti_National_Park%2C_Tanzania.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Wildebeest_Migration_in_Serengeti_National_Park%2C_Tanzania.jpg/345px-Wildebeest_Migration_in_Serengeti_National_Park%2C_Tanzania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Wildebeest_Migration_in_Serengeti_National_Park%2C_Tanzania.jpg/460px-Wildebeest_Migration_in_Serengeti_National_Park%2C_Tanzania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Wildebeest migration in the <a href="/wiki/Serengeti" title="Serengeti">Serengeti</a></figcaption></figure> Tanzania is mountainous and densely forested in the northeast, where Mount Kilimanjaro is located. Three of <a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">Africa's Great Lakes</a> are partly within Tanzania. To the north and west lie <a href="/wiki/Lake_Victoria" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a>, Africa's largest lake, and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika" title="Lake Tanganyika">Lake Tanganyika</a>, the continent's deepest lake, known for its unique species of fish. To the southwest lies <a href="/wiki/Lake_Nyasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Nyasa">Lake Nyasa</a>. Central Tanzania is a large plateau, with plains and arable land. The eastern shore is hot and humid, with the <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_Archipelago" title="Zanzibar Archipelago">Zanzibar Archipelago</a> just offshore. <a href="/wiki/Kalambo_Falls" title="Kalambo Falls">Kalambo Falls</a> in the southwestern region of <a href="/wiki/Rukwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rukwa">Rukwa</a> is the second highest uninterrupted waterfall in Africa, and is located near the southeastern shore of Lake Tanganyika on the border with Zambia.<a href="#cite_note-Kalambo_Falls-31">[27]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Menai_Bay_Conservation_Area" title="Menai Bay Conservation Area">Menai Bay Conservation Area</a> is Zanzibar's largest marine protected area. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_TZA_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Koppen-Geiger_Map_TZA_present.svg/390px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_TZA_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Koppen-Geiger_Map_TZA_present.svg/585px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_TZA_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Koppen-Geiger_Map_TZA_present.svg/780px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_TZA_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Tanzania map of Köppen climate classification</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tanzania#Climate" title="Geography of Tanzania">Geography of Tanzania § Climate</a></div> Climate varies greatly within Tanzania. In the highlands, temperatures range between 10 and 20 °C (50 and 68 °F) during cold and hot seasons respectively. The rest of the country has temperatures rarely falling lower than 20 °C (68 °F). The hottest period extends between November and February (25–31 °C or 77.0–87.8 °F) while the coldest period occurs between May and August (15–20 °C or 59–68 °F). Annual temperature is 20 °C (68.0 °F). The climate is cool in high mountainous regions. Tanzania has two major rainfall periods: one is <a href="/wiki/Unimodality" title="Unimodality">uni-modal</a> (October–April) and the other is bi-modal (October–December and March–May).<a href="#cite_note-rain-81">[77]</a> The former is experienced in southern, central, and western parts of the country, and the latter is found in the north from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Victoria" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a> extending east to the coast.<a href="#cite_note-rain-81">[77]</a> The bi-modal rainfall is caused by the seasonal migration of the <a href="/wiki/Intertropical_Convergence_Zone" title="Intertropical Convergence Zone">Intertropical Convergence Zone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rain-81">[77]</a> Tanzania infrequently experiences land-falling tropical cyclones which can have severe impacts, <a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_South-West_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season#Tropical_Cyclone_Hidaya" title="2023–24 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season">Cyclone Hidaya</a> for instance.<a href="#cite_note-HidayaNews-82">[78]</a> There are recorded examples of such cyclones back as far as 1872.<a href="#cite_note-Msemo2022-83">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Tanzania" title="Climate change in Tanzania">Climate change in Tanzania</a> is resulting in rising temperatures with a higher likelihood of intense rainfall events (resulting in flooding) and of dry spells (resulting in droughts).<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Climate change</a> is already impacting the sectors in Tanzania of agriculture, water resources, health and energy. Sea level rise and changes in the quality of water are expected to impact fisheries and aquaculture.<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a> Tanzania produced a <a href="/wiki/National_Adaptation_Programme_of_Action" title="National Adaptation Programme of Action">National Adaptation Programmes of Action</a> (NAPAs) in 2007 as mandated by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change</a>. In 2012, Tanzania produced a National Climate Change Strategy in response to the growing concern of the negative impacts of climate change and climate variability on the country's social, economic and physical environment.<a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wildlife_and_conservation">Wildlife and conservation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Tanzania" title="Wildlife of Tanzania">Wildlife of Tanzania</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Tanzania" title="List of protected areas of Tanzania">List of protected areas of Tanzania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mannetjes_masaigiraffe_in_de_Serengeti,_Tanzania,_-12_januari_2013_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Mannetjes_masaigiraffe_in_de_Serengeti%2C_Tanzania%2C_-12_januari_2013_a.jpg/220px-Mannetjes_masaigiraffe_in_de_Serengeti%2C_Tanzania%2C_-12_januari_2013_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Mannetjes_masaigiraffe_in_de_Serengeti%2C_Tanzania%2C_-12_januari_2013_a.jpg/330px-Mannetjes_masaigiraffe_in_de_Serengeti%2C_Tanzania%2C_-12_januari_2013_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Mannetjes_masaigiraffe_in_de_Serengeti%2C_Tanzania%2C_-12_januari_2013_a.jpg/440px-Mannetjes_masaigiraffe_in_de_Serengeti%2C_Tanzania%2C_-12_januari_2013_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Masai_giraffe" title="Masai giraffe">Masai giraffe</a> is Tanzania's national animal.</figcaption></figure> Tanzania contains around 20% of the species of Africa's enormous warm-blooded animal populace, found over its 21 National parks, reserves, 1 conservation area, and 3 marine parks. Spread over a zone of in excess of 42,000 square kilometres (16,000 sq. mi) and shaping around 38% of the nation's area.<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> Tanzania has 21 national parks,<a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a> plus a variety of game and forest reserves, including the <a href="/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area" title="Ngorongoro Conservation Area">Ngorongoro Conservation Area</a>, however the local human population still has an impact on the environment. In western Tanzania, <a href="/wiki/Gombe_Stream_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Gombe Stream National Park">Gombe Stream National Park</a> is the site of <a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a>'s ongoing study of <a href="/wiki/Common_chimpanzee" class="mw-redirect" title="Common chimpanzee">chimpanzee</a> behaviour, which started in 1960.<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> Tanzania is highly <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiverse</a> and contains a wide variety of animal habitats.<a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a> On Tanzania's <a href="/wiki/Serengeti" title="Serengeti">Serengeti</a> plain, white-bearded <a href="/wiki/Wildebeest" title="Wildebeest">wildebeest</a> (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), other <a href="/wiki/Bovid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bovid">bovids</a> and zebra<a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> participate in a large-scale annual migration. Tanzania is home to about 130 <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibian</a> and over 275 reptile species, many of them strictly <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> and included in the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a>'s Red Lists of countries.<a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a> Tanzania has the largest lion population in the world.<a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> Tanzania had a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 7.13/10, ranking it 54th globally out of 172 countries.<a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-96">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tanzania" title="Politics of Tanzania">Politics of Tanzania</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Tanzania">Constitution of Tanzania</a></div> Tanzania is a <a href="/wiki/One_party_dominant_state" class="mw-redirect" title="One party dominant state">one-party dominant state</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Chama_Cha_Mapinduzi" title="Chama Cha Mapinduzi">Chama Cha Mapinduzi</a> (CCM) party in power. From its formation until 1992, it was the only legally permitted party in the country. This changed on 1 July 1992, when the constitution was amended.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-97">[93]</a>: § 3  It has held power since independence in 1961, and is the longest-serving ruling party in Africa.<a href="#cite_note-cfr.org-74">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Magufuli" title="John Magufuli">John Magufuli</a> won the October 2015 presidential election and secured a two-thirds majority in parliament.<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> The main opposition party in Tanzania since multiparty politics in 1992 is called <a href="/wiki/Chadema" title="Chadema">Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). The leader of Chadema party is <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Mbowe" title="Freeman Mbowe">Freeman Mbowe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>, the country's semi-autonomous state, <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Change_and_Transparency" title="Alliance for Change and Transparency">The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo</a> (ACT-Wazalendo) is considered the main opposition political party. The constitution of Zanzibar requires the party that comes in second in the polls to join a coalition with the winning party. ACT-Wazalendo joined a coalition government with the islands' ruling party Chama Cha Mapinduzi in December 2020 after Zanzibar disputed <a href="/wiki/2020_Zanzibari_general_election" title="2020 Zanzibari general election">elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> In November 2020, Magufuli once again was declared the winner for his second term as president. Election fraud was suspected. The national electoral commission announced that Magufuli received 84%, or about 12.5 million votes and the top opposition candidate, <a href="/wiki/Tundu_Lissu" title="Tundu Lissu">Tundu Lissu</a> received 13%, about 1.9 million votes.<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> In March 2021, it was announced that Magufuli had died whilst serving in office, meaning that his vice president, <a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia Suluhu Hassan</a>, became the country's president.<a href="#cite_note-:7-77">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive">Executive</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:243px;max-width:243px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Samia_Suluhu_Hassan_in_May_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan_in_May_2017.jpg/125px-Samia_Suluhu_Hassan_in_May_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan_in_May_2017.jpg/188px-Samia_Suluhu_Hassan_in_May_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan_in_May_2017.jpg/250px-Samia_Suluhu_Hassan_in_May_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="1763" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Samia Suluhu">President Samia Suluhu Hassan</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Kassim_Majaliwa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kassim_Majaliwa.jpg/110px-Kassim_Majaliwa.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kassim_Majaliwa.jpg/165px-Kassim_Majaliwa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kassim_Majaliwa.jpg/220px-Kassim_Majaliwa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="1805" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Kassim_Majaliwa" title="Kassim Majaliwa">Prime Minister Kassim Majaliwa</a></div></div></div></div></div> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Tanzania">president of Tanzania</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Tanzania_National_Assembly_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tanzania National Assembly members">members of the National Assembly</a> are elected concurrently by direct popular vote for five-year terms.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-97">[93]</a>: § 42(2)  The <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of Tanzania">vice-president</a> is elected for a five-year term at the same time as the president and on the same ticket.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-97">[93]</a>: §§ 47(2), 50(1)  Neither the president nor the vice-president may be a member of the National Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-97">[93]</a>: § 66(2)  The president appoints a <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tanzania" title="Prime Minister of Tanzania">prime minister</a> from among the members of the National Assembly, subject to confirmation by the assembly, to serve as the government's leader in the assembly.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-97">[93]</a>: §§ 51(1)-(2), 52(2)  The president selects her <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Tanzania" title="Cabinet of Tanzania">cabinet</a> from assembly members.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-97">[93]</a>: § 55  <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Tanzania" title="Law enforcement in Tanzania">Law enforcement in Tanzania</a> is under the executive branch of government and is administered by the Tanzania Police Force.<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislature">Legislature</h3></div> All <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative</a> power relating to mainland Tanzania and union matters is vested in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Tanzania">National Assembly</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-97">[93]</a>: § 64(1)  which is unicameral and has 393 members.<a href="#cite_note-Edge-104">[100]</a> These include members elected to represent constituencies, the attorney general, five members elected by the <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> house of representatives from among its own members, the special women's seats that constitute at least 30% of the seats that any party has in the assembly, the speaker of the assembly (if not otherwise a member of the assembly), and the persons (not more than ten) appointed by the president.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-97">[93]</a>: § 66(1)  The Tanzania Electoral Commission demarcates the mainland into constituencies in the number determined by the commission with the consent of the president.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-97">[93]</a>: § 75  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Tanzania" title="Chief Justice of Tanzania">Chief Justice of Tanzania</a></div> Tanzania's legal system is based on English <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TZ_court_system-105">[101]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kigoma_High_Court,_Bangwe_Ward,_Kigoma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Kigoma_High_Court%2C_Bangwe_Ward%2C_Kigoma.jpg/220px-Kigoma_High_Court%2C_Bangwe_Ward%2C_Kigoma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Kigoma_High_Court%2C_Bangwe_Ward%2C_Kigoma.jpg/330px-Kigoma_High_Court%2C_Bangwe_Ward%2C_Kigoma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Kigoma_High_Court%2C_Bangwe_Ward%2C_Kigoma.jpg/440px-Kigoma_High_Court%2C_Bangwe_Ward%2C_Kigoma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2683" data-file-height="1642" /></a><figcaption>High Court Building in <a href="/wiki/Kigoma" title="Kigoma">Kigoma</a></figcaption></figure> Tanzania has a four-level judiciary.<a href="#cite_note-TZ_court_system-105">[101]</a> The lowest-level courts on the Tanzanian mainland are the Primary Courts.<a href="#cite_note-TZ_court_system-105">[101]</a> In Zanzibar, the lowest-level courts are the Kadhi's Courts for Islamic family matters and the Primary Courts for all other cases.<a href="#cite_note-TZ_court_system-105">[101]</a> On the mainland, appeal is to either the District Courts or the Resident Magistrates Courts.<a href="#cite_note-TZ_court_system-105">[101]</a> In Zanzibar, appeal is to the Kadhi's Appeal Courts for Islamic family matters and the Magistrates Courts for all other cases.<a href="#cite_note-TZ_court_system-105">[101]</a> From there, appeal is to the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Tanzania" title="High Court of Tanzania">High Court of Mainland Tanzania or Zanzibar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TZ_court_system-105">[101]</a> No appeal regarding Islamic family matters can be made from the High Court of Zanzibar.<a href="#cite_note-TZ_court_system-105">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zanzibar_Constitution-106">[102]</a>: § 99(1)  Otherwise, the final appeal is to the Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-TZ_court_system-105">[101]</a> The High Court of mainland Tanzania has three divisions – commercial, labour, and land<a href="#cite_note-TZ_court_system-105">[101]</a> – and 15 geographic zones.<a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> The High Court of Zanzibar has an industrial division, which hears only labour disputes.<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> Mainland and union judges are appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Tanzania" title="Chief Justice of Tanzania">Chief Justice of Tanzania</a>,<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> except for those of the <a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">Court of Appeal</a> and the High Court, who are appointed by the president of Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-97">[93]</a>: §§ 109(1), 118(2)–(3)  Tanzania is a party to the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_enforcement">Law enforcement</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Tanzania" title="Law enforcement in Tanzania">Law enforcement in Tanzania</a></div> Public safety and border control is the responsibility of the Tanzania Police Force. Oversight of the force is shared by the Principal Secretary of the Ministry of Police and the Inspector-General of Police.<a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spice_Islands_(Zanzibar_highlighted)_sv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Spice_Islands_%28Zanzibar_highlighted%29_sv.svg/220px-Spice_Islands_%28Zanzibar_highlighted%29_sv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Spice_Islands_%28Zanzibar_highlighted%29_sv.svg/330px-Spice_Islands_%28Zanzibar_highlighted%29_sv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Spice_Islands_%28Zanzibar_highlighted%29_sv.svg/440px-Spice_Islands_%28Zanzibar_highlighted%29_sv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="879" /></a><figcaption>The semi-autonomous <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_Archipelago" title="Zanzibar Archipelago">Zanzibar Archipelago</a></figcaption></figure> The legislative authority in Zanzibar over all non-union matters is vested in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Zanzibar)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives (Zanzibar)">House of Representatives</a> (per the Tanzania constitution)<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-97">[93]</a>: § 106(3)  or the Legislative Council (per the Zanzibar constitution). The Legislative Council has two parts: the president of Zanzibar and the House of Representatives.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-97">[93]</a>: § 107(1)-(2) <a href="#cite_note-Zanzibar_Constitution-106">[102]</a>: § 63(1)  The president is Zanzibar's head of government and the chairman of the Revolutionary Council, in which the executive authority of Zanzibar is invested.<a href="#cite_note-Zanzibar_Constitution-106">[102]</a>: §§ 5A(2), 26(1)  Zanzibar has two vice-presidents, with the first being from the main opposition party in the house.<a href="#cite_note-Eisa-112">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Troubled-113">[109]</a> The second is from the party in power and is the leader of government business in the House.<a href="#cite_note-Troubled-113">[109]</a> The president and the members of the House of Representatives have five-year terms and can be elected for a second term.<a href="#cite_note-Zanzibar_Constitution-106">[102]</a>: § 28(2)  The president selects ministers from members of the House of Representatives,<a href="#cite_note-Zanzibar_Constitution-106">[102]</a>: § 42(2)  with the ministers allocated according to the number of House seats won by political parties.<a href="#cite_note-Eisa-112">[108]</a> The Revolutionary Council consists of the president, both vice-presidents, all ministers, the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_general" title="Attorney general">attorney general</a> of Zanzibar, and other house members deemed fit by the president.<a href="#cite_note-Eisa-112">[108]</a> The House of Representatives is composed of elected members, ten members appointed by the president, all the regional commissioners of Zanzibar, the attorney general, and appointed female members whose number must be equal to 30 per cent of the elected members.<a href="#cite_note-Zanzibar_Constitution-106">[102]</a>: §§ 55(3), 64, 67(1)  The House determines the number of its elected members<a href="#cite_note-Zanzibar_Constitution-106">[102]</a>: § 120(2)  with the Zanzibar Electoral Commission determining the boundaries of each election constituency.<a href="#cite_note-Zanzibar_Constitution-106">[102]</a>: § 120(1)  In 2013, the House had 81 members: fifty elected members, five regional commissioners, the attorney general, ten members appointed by the president, and fifteen appointed female members.<a href="#cite_note-Edge-104">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_subdivisions">Administrative subdivisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Tanzania" title="Regions of Tanzania">Regions of Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Tanzania" title="Districts of Tanzania">Districts of Tanzania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Tanzania" title="Subdivisions of Tanzania">Subdivisions of Tanzania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanzania,_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_(%2Bdetails).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Tanzania%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28%2Bdetails%29.svg/220px-Tanzania%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28%2Bdetails%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Tanzania%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28%2Bdetails%29.svg/330px-Tanzania%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28%2Bdetails%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Tanzania%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28%2Bdetails%29.svg/440px-Tanzania%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28%2Bdetails%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="2947" /></a><figcaption>Regions of Tanzania</figcaption></figure> In 1972, local government on the mainland was abolished and replaced with direct rule from the central government. Local government, however, was reintroduced in the beginning of the 1980s, when the rural councils and rural authorities were re-established. Local government elections took place in 1983, and functioning councils started in 1984. In 1999, a Local Government Reform Programme was enacted by the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Tanzania)" title="National Assembly (Tanzania)">National Assembly</a>, setting "a comprehensive and ambitious agenda ... [covering] four areas: political decentralization, financial decentralization, administrative decentralization and changed central-local relations, with the mainland government having overriding powers within the framework of the Constitution."<a href="#cite_note-Kunnat-114">[110]</a> Tanzania is divided into thirty-one <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Tanzania" title="Regions of Tanzania">regions</a> (mikoa),<a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a> twenty-six on the mainland and five in <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> (three on <a href="/wiki/Unguja" title="Unguja">Unguja</a>, two on <a href="/wiki/Pemba,_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemba, Tanzania">Pemba</a>).<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a> The thirty-one regions are divided into 195 <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Tanzania" title="Districts of Tanzania">districts</a> (wilaya), also known as local government authorities. Of those districts, 45 are urban units, which are further classified as three city councils (<a href="/wiki/Arusha" title="Arusha">Arusha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mbeya" title="Mbeya">Mbeya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mwanza" title="Mwanza">Mwanza</a>), twenty municipal councils, and twenty-two town councils.<a href="#cite_note-Census_2012-118">[114]</a> The urban units have an autonomous city, municipal, or town council and are subdivided into wards and sub-wards (mitaa). The non-urban units have an autonomous district council but are subdivided into village councils or township authorities (first level) and then into hamlets (vitongoji).<a href="#cite_note-Kunnat-114">[110]</a> The city of Dar es Salaam is unique because it has a city council whose area of jurisdiction overlaps three municipal councils. The mayor of the city council is elected by that council. The twenty-member city council is composed of eleven persons elected by the municipal councils, seven members of the National Assembly, and "Nominated members of parliament under 'Special Seats' for women". Each municipal council also has a mayor. "The City Council performs a coordinating role and attends to issues cutting across the three municipalities", including security and emergency services.<a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> The city of Mwanza has a city council whose areal jurisdiction overlaps two municipal councils. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policies_and_partnerships">Foreign policies and partnerships</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tanzania" title="Foreign relations of Tanzania">Foreign relations of Tanzania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Embassy_of_Tanzania,_Washington,_D.C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Embassy_of_Tanzania%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.jpg/170px-Embassy_of_Tanzania%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Embassy_of_Tanzania%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.jpg/255px-Embassy_of_Tanzania%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Embassy_of_Tanzania%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.jpg/340px-Embassy_of_Tanzania%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="2064" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Tanzania,_Washington,_D.C." title="Embassy of Tanzania, Washington, D.C.">Tanzanian Embassy</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_End_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="West End (Washington, D.C.)">West End, Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> Foreign policies of Tanzania are in process of review to replace the current New Foreign Policy of 2001, which was the first official foreign policy of Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-FaMinistry_NFP2-121">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Citizen_22-122">[118]</a> Before 2001, Tanzanian foreign policy was dictated by the various presidential declarations of Mwalimu Nyerere specifically Circular No. 2 of 1964,<a href="#cite_note-FaMinistry_about-123">[119]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arusha_Declaration" title="Arusha Declaration">Arusha Declaration</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Nyerere_67ad-124">[120]</a> and Policy of Foreign Affairs of 1967.<a href="#cite_note-Nyerere_67fa-125">[121]</a> These declarations had focused foreign policy primarily on independence and sovereignty, human rights, and African unity.<a href="#cite_note-Nzomo_99-126">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-Magoma_20-127">[123]</a> The current New Foreign Policy of 2001 was established to better address the end of colonialism and the cold war, globalization, market economics and liberalization, and the multi-party state of Tanzania. Its primary focus is economic diplomacy and development.<a href="#cite_note-FaMinistry_FP-128">[124]</a> New Foreign Policy of 2001, which is still used today, has a foundation of 7 principles; <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Good_neighborliness" title="Good neighborliness">good neighborliness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">African unity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">non-alignment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_diplomacy" title="Economic diplomacy">economic diplomacy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/International_development" title="International development">global cooperation</a> for economic development and peace.<a href="#cite_note-FaMinistry_NFP-129">[125]</a> The primary objectives are outlined as the protection and promotion of cultural and economic interests, establishment of relations with other nations driven by economic interest, economic self-sufficiency, internal and global peace, and regional political and economic integration.<a href="#cite_note-FaMinistry_FP-128">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-FaMinistry_NFP-129">[125]</a> A review of current foreign policy is being undertaken by the sixth phase government to replace the current New Foreign Policy of 2001.<a href="#cite_note-FaMinistry_NFP2-121">[117]</a> Foreign Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Liberata_Mulamula" title="Liberata Mulamula">Liberata Mulamula</a> has stated the new policies will maintain the priority of and non-alignment of the 2001 policy while making additional top priorities the climate change and refocusing economic diplomacy with a greater focus on value-added exports and the digital economy.<a href="#cite_note-Citizen_22-122">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_partnerships">International partnerships</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ictr_office_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ictr_office_3.jpg/220px-Ictr_office_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ictr_office_3.jpg/330px-Ictr_office_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ictr_office_3.jpg/440px-Ictr_office_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2289" data-file-height="1564" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_Rwanda" title="International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda">International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arusha" title="Arusha">Arusha</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_African_Legislative_Assembly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/East_African_Legislative_Assembly.jpg/220px-East_African_Legislative_Assembly.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/East_African_Legislative_Assembly.jpg/330px-East_African_Legislative_Assembly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/East_African_Legislative_Assembly.jpg/440px-East_African_Legislative_Assembly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/East_African_Legislative_Assembly" title="East African Legislative Assembly">East African Legislative Assembly</a> in Arusha</figcaption></figure> Tanzania is a member of many international organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations (UN)</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union (AU)</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community (EAC)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community (SADC)</a> among many others.<a href="#cite_note-Hirschler_19-130">[126]</a> Additionally, due to the strength of Tanzania's non-alignment, unity and internal peace since independence, Tanzania frequently acts as a mediator and location of treaties and agreements between other nations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Arusha_Agreement" title="Arusha Agreement">Arusha Agreement</a> with Europe, as well as the Arusha Accords with <a href="/wiki/Arusha_Accords_(Rwanda)" title="Arusha Accords (Rwanda)">Rwanda (1993)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arusha_Accords_(Burundi)" title="Arusha Accords (Burundi)">Burundi (2000)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chachage_04-131">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-Waters_06-132">[128]</a> The United Nations has a large current and historical presence in Tanzania and acts as an important partner in itself, and associated IGOs and NGOs, in many functions in the country, as well as functions based in Tanzania and implemented throughout the Great Lakes and Africa as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-UN_tz-133">[129]</a> Of the many functions, the UN and Tanzania partner or the UN works with outside countries, most notably human rights and justice courts and reporting, education, development, climate change, health, and wildlife conservation.<a href="#cite_note-UN_tzEntities-134">[130]</a> While the UN primary offices are in <a href="/wiki/Oyster_Bay,_Tanzania" title="Oyster Bay, Tanzania">Oysterbay, Dar es Salaam</a>, many other offices, courts, and NGOs are based in <a href="/wiki/Arusha" title="Arusha">Arusha, TZ</a>. The most well-known example is the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_Rwanda" title="International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda">International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda</a> genocide.<a href="#cite_note-UN_SRES9771995-135">[131]</a> The African Union consists of 55 nations in Africa.<a href="#cite_note-AU_memStates-136">[132]</a> Tanzania is a founding member of the AU in 2001, and its predecessor the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity (OAU)</a> by the predecessors of Tanzania, <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="Tanganyika (1961–1964)">Tanganyika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>, in 1963. The Judicial Branch of the AU and its courts are located in Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-AU_tzAgreement-137">[133]</a> Originally the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">Court of Justice of the African Union</a>, it has been combined with the <a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/African_Court_of_Justice_and_Human_Rights" title="African Court of Justice and Human Rights">African Court of Justice and Human Rights (ACJHR)</a> which is located in Arusha.<a href="#cite_note-AU_tzAgreement-137">[133]</a> Tanzania ratified and joined the AU-brokered <a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area" title="African Continental Free Trade Area">African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)</a> on 17 January 2022, the largest free trade area in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Agarwal_22-138">[134]</a> The East African Community consisting of Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, South Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is headquartered in Arusha.<a href="#cite_note-Ugirashebuja_17-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-EAC_overview-140">[136]</a> Tanzania, along with Kenya and Uganda, is a founding member of the EAC in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-EAC_history-141">[137]</a> Following the German defeat in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> Tanzania joined the London-based <a href="/wiki/East_African_Currency_Board" title="East African Currency Board">East African Currency Board (EACB)</a> that was a customs union and provider of currency for Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya from 1919 to 1948, the <a href="/wiki/East_Africa_High_Commission" title="East Africa High Commission">East Africa High Commission (EAHC)</a> from 1948 to 1961, and East African Common Services Organization (EACSO) from 1961 to 1966. In 1966 all three countries formed the first East African Community which lasted until 1976, then the East African Co-operation from 1993 to 2000, before becoming reestablished as the East African Community in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-EAC_history-141">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kadaga_22-142">[138]</a> The EAC has had a <a href="/wiki/Customs_union" title="Customs union">customs union</a> since 2005, with a free trade zone between member states and unified tariffs and trade agreements with non-member states and multinational organizations.<a href="#cite_note-Ugirashebuja_17-139">[135]</a> The customs union also established a unified organization and sets of rules, such as <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_origin" title="Rules of origin">rules of origin</a>, for all trade within, into, and passing through member states. In 2010 a common market was established within the EAC for the free movement of labor, goods, people, capital, and services, as well as established rights of establishment.<a href="#cite_note-Ugirashebuja_17-139">[135]</a> The East African Monetary Union (EAMU) is proposed to be established in 2024 that will create a single common currency by the East African Central Bank.<a href="#cite_note-Adam_17-143">[139]</a> From the original reestablishment of the EAC, as laid out in Article 5(2) of the Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community, the final goal for the EAC is always the political federation of all member states. In 2017 all member states adopted the <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederation</a> of EAC as a transitional precursor to the final federation.<a href="#cite_note-Ugirashebuja_17-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kadaga_22-142">[138]</a> The Southern African Development Community consists of 16 nations, including all countries of southern Africa plus Tanzania and the DRC from the Great Lakes.<a href="#cite_note-Muntschick_17-144">[140]</a> Tanzania is a founding member of SADC in 1994, as well as its predecessor the <a href="/wiki/Frontline_States" title="Frontline States">Frontline States (FLS)</a>, from 1960 to 1994. While FLS aimed to end apartheid, its successor SADC has the aims of furthering peace and security along with the economic and political integration of member states.<a href="#cite_note-Muntschick_17-144">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FIB-training-22_(9311333487).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FIB-training-22_%289311333487%29.jpg/220px-FIB-training-22_%289311333487%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FIB-training-22_%289311333487%29.jpg/330px-FIB-training-22_%289311333487%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FIB-training-22_%289311333487%29.jpg/440px-FIB-training-22_%289311333487%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="834" /></a><figcaption>FIB Tanzanian special forces during training</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tanzania_People%27s_Defence_Force" title="Tanzania People's Defence Force">Tanzania People's Defence Force</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Tanzania_People%27s_Defence_Force" title="Tanzania People's Defence Force">Tanzania People's Defence Force</a> (TPDF) (Kiswahili: Jeshi la Wananchi wa Tanzania (JWTZ)) is the armed forces of Tanzania, operating as a people's force under civilian control. It is composed of five branches or commands: Land Force (army), Air Force, Naval Command, National Service, Headquarter (MMJ).<a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a> Tanzanian citizens are able to volunteer for military service from 15 years of age, and 18 years of age for compulsory National military service upon graduation from advanced secondary school. Conscript service obligation was 2 years as of 2004.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] Tanzania is the 65th most peaceful country in the world, according to the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">Global Peace Index</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tanzania" title="Human rights in Tanzania">Human rights in Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Persecution of people with albinism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Tanzania">LGBT rights in Tanzania</a></div> Throughout Tanzania, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">same sex acts</a> are illegal and carry a maximum penalty of life imprisonment.<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a> According to a 2007 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Research Centre">Pew Research Centre</a> survey, 95 percent of Tanzanians believed that homosexuality should not be accepted by society.<a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a> People with <a href="/wiki/Albinism_in_humans" title="Albinism in humans">albinism</a> living in Tanzania are often attacked, killed or mutilated because of superstitions related to the black-magical practice known as <a href="/wiki/Muti" title="Muti">muti</a> that say body parts of albinos have magical properties.<a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> Tanzania has the highest occurrence of this human rights violation among 27 African countries where <a href="/wiki/Muti" title="Muti">muti</a> is known to be practised.<a href="#cite_note-150">[146]</a> In December 2019, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> reported that the Tanzanian government annulled the right of NGOs as well as individuals to directly file any case against it at the Arusha-based African Court for Human and Peoples' Rights.<a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy_and_infrastructure">Economy and infrastructure</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tanzania" title="Economy of Tanzania">Economy of Tanzania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Tanzania" title="Poverty in Tanzania">Poverty in Tanzania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_development_in_Tanzania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Tanzania.svg/220px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Tanzania.svg/330px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Tanzania.svg/440px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Historical development of real GDP per capita in Tanzania, since 1950</figcaption></figure> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzania&action=edit">[update]</a>, according to the IMF, Tanzania's gross domestic product (GDP) was an estimated $71 billion (nominal), or $218.5 billion on a <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> (PPP) basis. GDP per capita (PPP) was $3,574.<a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a> From 2009 through to 2013, Tanzania's per capita GDP (based on constant local currency) grew an average of 3.5% per year, higher than any other member of the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a> (EAC) and exceeded by only nine countries in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Lesotho, Liberia, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> Tanzania's largest trading partners in 2017 for its US$5.3 billion in exports were <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UND-154">[150]</a> Its imports totalled US$8.17 billion, with India, Switzerland, Saudi Arabia, China, and the United Arab Emirates being the biggest partners.<a href="#cite_note-UND-154">[150]</a> Tanzania weathered the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>, which began in late 2008 or early 2009, relatively well. Strong gold prices, bolstering the country's <a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Tanzania" title="Mining industry of Tanzania">mining industry</a>, and Tanzania's poor integration into global markets helped to insulate the country from the downturn.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1250  Since the recession ended, the Tanzanian economy has expanded rapidly thanks to strong tourism, telecommunications, and banking sectors.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1250  According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP), however, recent growth in the national economy has benefited only the "very few", leaving out the majority of the population.<a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a> As of the latest survey in 2015/2016, 57.1 percent of the population is considered to be affected by <a href="/wiki/Multidimensional_Poverty_Index" title="Multidimensional Poverty Index">multidimensional poverty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[152]</a> Tanzania's 2013 <a href="/wiki/Global_Hunger_Index" title="Global Hunger Index">Global Hunger Index</a> was worse than any other country in the EAC except Burundi.<a href="#cite_note-GHI-157">[153]</a>: page 15  The proportion of persons who were undernourished in 2010–12 was also worse than any other EAC country except Burundi.<a href="#cite_note-GHI-157">[153]</a>: page 51  In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> declared the rise of the Tanzanian economy from low income to lower <a href="/wiki/Middle_income_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle income country">middle income country</a>, as its <a href="/wiki/GNI_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="GNI per capita">GNI per capita</a> increased from US$1,020 in 2018 to US$1,080 in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a> Tanzania's economy grew 4.6 percent in 2022, and 5.2 percent in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hunger_and_poverty">Hunger and poverty</h3></div> The Global Hunger Index previously ranked the situation as "alarming" with a score of 42 in the year 2000; since then the GHI has declined to 23.2.<a href="#cite_note-globalhungerindex.org-161">[157]</a> Children in rural areas suffer substantially higher rates of malnutrition and chronic hunger, although urban-rural disparities have narrowed as regards both stunting and underweight.<a href="#cite_note-Tanzania_UNDP-162">[158]</a> Low rural sector productivity arises mainly from inadequate infrastructure investment; limited access to farm inputs, extension services and credit; limited technology as well as trade and marketing support; and heavy dependence on rain-fed agriculture and natural resources.<a href="#cite_note-Tanzania_UNDP-162">[158]</a> Approximately 68 percent of Tanzania's 61.1 million citizens live below the poverty line of $1.25 a day. 32 percent of the population are malnourished.<a href="#cite_note-globalhungerindex.org-161">[157]</a> The most prominent challenges Tanzania faces in poverty reduction are unsustainable harvesting of <a href="/wiki/Natural_resources_use_in_Tanzania" title="Natural resources use in Tanzania">its natural resources</a>, unchecked cultivation, climate change and water source encroachment, according to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).<a href="#cite_note-Tanzania-163">[159]</a> There are very few resources for Tanzanians in terms of credit services, infrastructure or availability to improved agricultural technologies, which further exacerbates hunger and poverty in the country according to the UNDP.<a href="#cite_note-Tanzania-163">[159]</a> Tanzania ranks 159 out of 187 countries in poverty according to the United Nation's Human Development Index (2014).<a href="#cite_note-Tanzania-163">[159]</a> The 2019 <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> report showed that in the last 10 years, poverty has reduced by 8 percentage points, from 34.4% in 2007 to 26.4% in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> A further report showed a reduction to 25.7% in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Tanzania" title="Agriculture in Tanzania">Agriculture in Tanzania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tea_fields,_Tukuyu,_Tanzania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tea_fields%2C_Tukuyu%2C_Tanzania.jpg/220px-Tea_fields%2C_Tukuyu%2C_Tanzania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tea_fields%2C_Tukuyu%2C_Tanzania.jpg/330px-Tea_fields%2C_Tukuyu%2C_Tanzania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tea_fields%2C_Tukuyu%2C_Tanzania.jpg/440px-Tea_fields%2C_Tukuyu%2C_Tanzania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Tea fields in Tukuyu</figcaption></figure> The Tanzanian economy is heavily based on agriculture, which in 2013 accounted for 24.5 per cent of gross domestic product,<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page 37  provides 85% of exports,<a href="#cite_note-factbook-19">[15]</a> and accounted for half of the employed workforce.<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page 56  The agricultural sector grew 4.3 percent in 2012, less than half of the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goal" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium Development Goal">Millennium Development Goal</a> target of 10.8%.<a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a> 16.4 per cent of the land is <a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable</a>,<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a> with 2.4 percent of the land planted with <a href="/wiki/Permanent_crop" title="Permanent crop">permanent crops</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a> Tanzania's economy relies on farming, but climate change has impacted their farming. <a href="/wiki/Maize_production_in_Tanzania" title="Maize production in Tanzania">Maize</a> was the largest food crop on the Tanzania mainland in 2013 (5.17 million tonnes), followed by cassava (1.94 million tonnes), sweet potatoes (1.88 million tonnes), beans (1.64 million tonnes), bananas (1.31 million tonnes), rice (1.31 million tonnes), and millet (1.04 million tonnes).<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page 58  Sugar was the largest <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crop</a> on the mainland in 2013 (296,679 tonnes), followed by cotton (241,198 tonnes), cashew nuts (126,000 tonnes), tobacco (86,877 tonnes), coffee (48,000 tonnes), sisal (37,368 tonnes), and tea (32,422 tonnes).<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page 58  Beef was the largest meat product on the mainland in 2013 (299,581 tonnes), followed by lamb/mutton (115,652 tonnes), chicken (87,408 tonnes), and pork (50,814 tonnes).<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page 60  According to the 2002 National Irrigation Master Plan, 29.4 million hectares in Tanzania are suitable for irrigation farming; however, only 310,745 hectares were actually being irrigated in June 2011.<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry,_energy_and_construction">Industry, energy and construction</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Tanzania" title="Energy in Tanzania">Energy in Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Tanzania" title="Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania">Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource_and_waste_management_in_Tanzania" title="Natural resource and waste management in Tanzania">Natural resource and waste management in Tanzania</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Tanzania" title="List of companies of Tanzania">List of companies of Tanzania</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Williamson_Diamond_Mine,_Mwazui,_Tanzania.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Williamson_Diamond_Mine%2C_Mwazui%2C_Tanzania.JPG/200px-Williamson_Diamond_Mine%2C_Mwazui%2C_Tanzania.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Williamson_Diamond_Mine%2C_Mwazui%2C_Tanzania.JPG/300px-Williamson_Diamond_Mine%2C_Mwazui%2C_Tanzania.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Williamson_Diamond_Mine%2C_Mwazui%2C_Tanzania.JPG/400px-Williamson_Diamond_Mine%2C_Mwazui%2C_Tanzania.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Williamson_diamond_mine" title="Williamson diamond mine">Williamson diamond mine</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Songo_Songo_Gas_Plant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Songo_Songo_Gas_Plant.jpg/200px-Songo_Songo_Gas_Plant.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Songo_Songo_Gas_Plant.jpg/300px-Songo_Songo_Gas_Plant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Songo_Songo_Gas_Plant.jpg/400px-Songo_Songo_Gas_Plant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Songo_Songo_Island" title="Songo Songo Island">Songo Songo</a> Gas Plant</div></div></div></div></div> Industry and construction is a major and growing component of the Tanzanian economy, contributing 22.2 per cent of GDP in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page 37  This component includes mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity and natural gas, water supply, and construction.<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page 37  Mining contributed 3.3 per cent of GDP in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page 33  The vast majority of the country's mineral export revenue comes from gold, accounting for 89 per cent of the value of those exports in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page 71  Tanzania's gold production is 46 metric tonnes in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a> It also exports sizeable quantities of gemstones, including <a href="/wiki/Diamonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamonds">diamonds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanzanite" title="Tanzanite">tanzanite</a>.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1251  All of Tanzania's coal production, which totalled 106,000 short tons in 2012, is used domestically.<a href="#cite_note-EIA-171">[167]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on the mineral exploration company: <a href="/wiki/Rift_Valley_Resources" title="Rift Valley Resources">Rift Valley Resources</a></div> Only 15 percent of Tanzanians had access to electric power in 2011, rising to 35.2 per cent in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-data.worldbank.org-172">[168]</a> The government-owned <a href="/wiki/TANESCO" title="TANESCO">Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited</a> (TANESCO) dominates the electric supply industry in Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[e]</a> The country generated 6.013 billion <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt_hours" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt hours">kilowatt hours</a> (kWh) of electricity in 2013, a 4.2 per cent increase over the 5.771 billion kWh generated in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-BudEx-176">[171]</a>: page 4  Generation increased by 63 percent between 2005 and 2012;<a href="#cite_note-2012Elec-177">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[173]</a> Almost 18 percent of the electricity generated in 2012 was lost because of theft and transmission and distribution problems.<a href="#cite_note-2012Elec-177">[172]</a> The electrical supply varies, particularly when droughts disrupt hydropower electric generation; rolling blackouts are implemented as necessary.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1251  The unreliability of the electrical supply has hindered the development of Tanzanian industry.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1251  In 2013, 49.7 percent of Tanzania's electricity generation came from natural gas, 28.9 percent from hydroelectric sources, 20.4 percent from thermal sources, and 1.0 percent from outside the country.<a href="#cite_note-BudEx-176">[171]</a>: page 5  The government has built a 532 kilometres (331 mi) gas pipeline from <a href="/wiki/Mnazi_Bay-Ruvuma_Estuary_Marine_Park" title="Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park">Mnazi Bay</a> to Dar es Salaam.<a href="#cite_note-179">[174]</a> This pipeline was expected to allow the country to double its electricity generation capacity to 3,000 megawatts by 2016.<a href="#cite_note-180">[175]</a> The government's goal is to increase capacity to at least 10,000 megawatts by 2025.<a href="#cite_note-181">[176]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nyerere_Bridge_-_Kigamboni_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Nyerere_Bridge_-_Kigamboni_.jpg/220px-Nyerere_Bridge_-_Kigamboni_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Nyerere_Bridge_-_Kigamboni_.jpg/330px-Nyerere_Bridge_-_Kigamboni_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Nyerere_Bridge_-_Kigamboni_.jpg/440px-Nyerere_Bridge_-_Kigamboni_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Nyerere Bridge in Kigamboni, Dar es Salaam</figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/PFC_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="PFC Energy">PFC Energy</a>, 25 to 30 trillion cubic feet of recoverable natural gas resources have been discovered in Tanzania since 2010,<a href="#cite_note-EIA-171">[167]</a> bringing the total reserves to over 43 trillion cubic feet by the end of 2013.<a href="#cite_note-182">[177]</a> The value of natural gas actually produced in 2013 was US$52.2 million, a 42.7 percent increase over 2012.<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page 73  Commercial production of gas from the Songo Songo Island field in the Indian Ocean commenced in 2004, thirty years after it was discovered there.<a href="#cite_note-EABrief-183">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-EWURA-Ng-184">[179]</a> Over 35 billion cubic feet of gas was produced from this field in 2013,<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page 72  with proven, probable, and possible reserves totalling 1.1 trillion cubic feet.<a href="#cite_note-EWURA-Ng-184">[179]</a> The gas is transported by pipeline to Dar es Salaam.<a href="#cite_note-EABrief-183">[178]</a> As of 27 August 2014, TANESCO owed the operator of this field, Orca Exploration Group Inc.<a href="#cite_note-185">[180]</a> A newer natural gas field in Mnazi Bay in 2013 produced about one-seventh of the amount produced near Songo Songo Island<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page 73  but has proven, probable, and possible reserves of 2.2 trillion cubic feet.<a href="#cite_note-EWURA-Ng-184">[179]</a> Virtually all of that gas is being used for electricity generation in <a href="/wiki/Mtwara" title="Mtwara">Mtwara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EABrief-183">[178]</a> The Ruvuma and Kiliwani areas of Tanzania have been explored mostly by the discovery company that holds a 75 percent interest, Aminex, and has shown to hold in excess of 3.5 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. A pipeline connecting offshore natural gas fields to Tanzania's commercial capital Dar es Salaam was completed at the end of April 2015.<a href="#cite_note-186">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Tanzania" title="Tourism in Tanzania">Tourism in Tanzania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uhuru_Peak_Mt._Kilimanjaro_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Uhuru_Peak_Mt._Kilimanjaro_1.JPG/220px-Uhuru_Peak_Mt._Kilimanjaro_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Uhuru_Peak_Mt._Kilimanjaro_1.JPG/330px-Uhuru_Peak_Mt._Kilimanjaro_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Uhuru_Peak_Mt._Kilimanjaro_1.JPG/440px-Uhuru_Peak_Mt._Kilimanjaro_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The snowcapped <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Uhuru Peak">Uhuru Peak</a></figcaption></figure> Travel and tourism contributed 17.5 per cent of Tanzania's gross domestic product in 2016<a href="#cite_note-:1-187">[182]</a> and employed 11.0 per cent of the country's labour force (1,189,300 jobs) in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Knoema-188">[183]</a> Overall receipts rose from US$1.74 billion in 2004 to US$4.48 billion in 2013,<a href="#cite_note-Knoema-188">[183]</a> and receipts from international tourists rose from US$1.255 billion in 2010 to US$2 billion in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-:1-187">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a> In 2016, 1,284,279 tourists arrived at Tanzania's borders compared to 590,000 in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-UND-154">[150]</a> The vast majority of tourists visit <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> or a "northern circuit" of <a href="/wiki/Serengeti_National_Park" title="Serengeti National Park">Serengeti National Park</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area" title="Ngorongoro Conservation Area">Ngorongoro Conservation Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarangire_National_Park" title="Tarangire National Park">Tarangire National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Manyara_National_Park" title="Lake Manyara National Park">Lake Manyara National Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro" title="Mount Kilimanjaro">Mount Kilimanjaro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1252  In 2013, the most visited national park was Serengeti (452,485 tourists), followed by Manyara (187,773) and Tarangire (165,949).<a href="#cite_note-Abstract-60">[56]</a>: page xx  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banking">Banking</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Tanzania" title="Bank of Tanzania">Bank of Tanzania</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a> of Tanzania and is primarily responsible for maintaining price stability, with a subsidiary responsibility for issuing the banknotes and coins of the <a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_shilling" title="Tanzanian shilling">Tanzanian shilling</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[185]</a> At the end of 2013, the total assets of the Tanzanian banking industry were <a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_shilling" title="Tanzanian shilling">TSh </a>19.5 trillion, a 15 per cent increase over 2012.<a href="#cite_note-191">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Tanzania" title="Transport in Tanzania">Transport in Tanzania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trunk_road_Tanzania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Trunk_road_Tanzania.jpg/220px-Trunk_road_Tanzania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Trunk_road_Tanzania.jpg/330px-Trunk_road_Tanzania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Trunk_road_Tanzania.jpg/440px-Trunk_road_Tanzania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>One of the main trunk roads</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zanzibar_Harbour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Zanzibar_Harbour.jpg/220px-Zanzibar_Harbour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Zanzibar_Harbour.jpg/330px-Zanzibar_Harbour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Zanzibar_Harbour.jpg/440px-Zanzibar_Harbour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1198" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption>Zanzibar harbour</figcaption></figure> Most transport in Tanzania is by road, with road transport constituting over 75 per cent of the country's freight traffic and 80 percent of its passenger traffic.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1252  The <a href="/wiki/Cairo-Cape_Town_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairo-Cape Town Highway">Cairo-Cape Town Highway</a> passes through Tanzania. The 181,191 kilometres (112,587 mi) road system is in generally poor condition.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1252  Tanzania has two railway companies: <a href="/wiki/TAZARA" class="mw-redirect" title="TAZARA">TAZARA</a>, which provides service between Dar es Salaam and <a href="/wiki/Kapiri_Mposhi" title="Kapiri Mposhi">Kapiri Mposhi</a> (in a copper-mining district in Zambia), and <a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Railways_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzania Railways Limited">Tanzania Railways Limited</a>, which connects Dar es Salaam with central and northern Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1252  Rail travel in Tanzania often entails slow journeys with frequent cancellations or delays, and the railways have a deficient safety record.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1252  In Dar es Salaam, there is a huge project of rapid buses, <a href="/wiki/Dar_Rapid_Transit_Agency" title="Dar Rapid Transit Agency">Dar Rapid Transit (DART)</a> which connects suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a> city. The development of the DART system consists of six phases and is funded by the African Development Bank, the World Bank and the Government of Tanzania. The first phase began in April 2012, and it was completed in December 2015 and launched operations in May 2016.<a href="#cite_note-192">[187]</a> Tanzania has four international airports, along with over 120 small airports or landing strips. Airport infrastructure tends to be in poor condition.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1253  Airlines in Tanzania include <a href="/wiki/Air_Tanzania" title="Air Tanzania">Air Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Precision_Air" title="Precision Air">Precision Air</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fastjet" title="Fastjet">Fastjet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Aviation" title="Coastal Aviation">Coastal Aviation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ZanAir" title="ZanAir">ZanAir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1253  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communications">Communications</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tanzania" title="Telecommunications in Tanzania">Telecommunications in Tanzania</a></div> In 2013, the communications sector was the fastest growing in Tanzania, expanding 22.8 per cent; however, the sector accounted for only 2.4 per cent of gross domestic product that year.<a href="#cite_note-BudEx-176">[171]</a>: page 2  As of 2011, Tanzania had 56 mobile telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants, a rate slightly above the sub-Saharan average.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1253  Very few Tanzanians have fixed-line telephones.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1253  Approximately 12 per cent of Tanzanians used the internet as of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzania&action=edit">[update]</a>, though this number is growing rapidly.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1253  The country has a fibre-optic cable network that replaced unreliable satellite service, but internet bandwidth remains very low.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1253  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_statistics_controversy">Economic statistics controversy</h3></div> Two articles in the Economist in July 2020 raised doubts about official claims of economic growth: "If Tanzania's economy grew by almost 7% in the fiscal year to the end of June 2019, why did tax revenue fall by 1%? And why has bank lending to companies slumped? Private data are bad, too. In 2019 sales at the biggest brewer fell by 5%. Sales of cement by the two biggest producers were almost flat. None of these things is likely if growth is storming ahead. The discrepancies are so large that it is hard to avoid the conclusion that the government is lying."<a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[189]</a> Tim Staermose, a proponent of African investment, took issue with these data: "Some of these statements by The Economist, based on the evidence I have gathered from primary sources – namely, the statutory financial reports that listed companies in Tanzania are legally obligated to release – are simply not true. Bank lending to companies as far as I can see has not, 'slumped.' The two biggest banks in Tanzania, which between them account for approximately 40% of the banking sector, both reported strong loan growth in 2019. ... As for cement sales being 'almost flat,' again, this is total nonsense. ... In 2019 Twiga sold 6% more cement by volume than it did in 2018. In the first six months of 2020, Twiga already sold 8% more cement than it had done by the same stage in 2019. Again, these numbers are very consistent with an economy that's reported to be growing at around 7% per annum. ... [On] the 5% fall in beer sales in 2019 ... the published 2019 annual report by Tanzania Breweries Limited (TBL) will tell you there were one-off circumstances that largely drove the decline ... [which] resulted in sales falling. But TBL's profits actually rose in 2019."<a href="#cite_note-195">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food_and_nutrition">Food and nutrition</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Food_security_in_Tanzania" title="Food security in Tanzania">Food security in Tanzania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilua_for_many.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pilua_for_many.jpg/220px-Pilua_for_many.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pilua_for_many.jpg/330px-Pilua_for_many.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pilua_for_many.jpg/440px-Pilua_for_many.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3610" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>A Tanzanian woman cooks Pilau rice dish wearing traditional <a href="/wiki/Kanga_(African_garment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanga (African garment)">Kanga</a>.</figcaption></figure> Poor nutrition remains a persistent problem within Tanzania and varies hugely throughout the country's regions. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">USAID</a> reports that 16% of children are underweight and 34% experience stunted growth as a result of malnutrition.<a href="#cite_note-:02-196">[191]</a> 10 regions house 58% of children suffering from stunted growth while 50% of acutely malnourished children can be found in 5 regions.<a href="#cite_note-:3-197">[192]</a> Over a 5-year period, the <a href="/wiki/Mara_Region" title="Mara Region">Mara</a> district of Tanzania saw a 15% reduction in stunting in children under 5 years old, falling from 46% to 31% in 2005 and 2010 respectively. <a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a>, on the other hand, saw a 7% increase in the prevalence of stunting in this age group, rising from 50% in 2005 to 57% in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-:6-198">[193]</a> Overall availability of food does not necessarily contribute to overall stunting figures. <a href="/wiki/Iringa_Region" title="Iringa Region">Iringa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mbeya_Region" title="Mbeya Region">Mbeya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rukwa_Region" title="Rukwa Region">Rukwa</a> regions, where overall availability of food is considered acceptable, still experience stunting incidents in excess of 50%. In some areas where food shortages are common, such as in the <a href="/wiki/Tabora_Region" title="Tabora Region">Tabora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singida_Region" title="Singida Region">Singida</a> regions, stunting instances remain comparatively less than those seen in Iringa, Mbeya and Rukwa.<a href="#cite_note-:6-198">[193]</a> The Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre attributes these discrepancies to variance in maternal malnutrition, poor infant feeding practices, hygiene practices and poor healthcare services.<a href="#cite_note-:6-198">[193]</a> Periods of drought can have significant impacts on the production of crops in Tanzania. Drought in East Africa has resulted in massive increases in the prices of food staples such as maize and <a href="/wiki/Commercial_sorghum" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial sorghum">sorghum</a>, crops crucial to the nutrition of the majority of Tanzania's population. From 2015 to 2017 the price of maize when bought wholesale more than tripled, from <a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_shilling" title="Tanzanian shilling">TSh</a> 400/<big>=</big> per kilogramme to 1,253/<big>=</big> per kilogramme.<a href="#cite_note-:12-199">[194]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farmers_harvesting_rice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Farmers_harvesting_rice.jpg/220px-Farmers_harvesting_rice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Farmers_harvesting_rice.jpg/330px-Farmers_harvesting_rice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Farmers_harvesting_rice.jpg/440px-Farmers_harvesting_rice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Farmers using a rice harvester in Igunga District, Tanzania</figcaption></figure> Tanzania remains heavily agricultural, with 80% of the total population engaging in subsistence farming.<a href="#cite_note-:12-199">[194]</a> Rural areas are subjected to increased food shortages in comparison to urbanised areas, with a survey carried out within the country in 2017 finding 84% of people in rural areas suffering food shortages over a 3-month period compared to 64% of residents in cities.<a href="#cite_note-:12-199">[194]</a> This disparity between rural and city nutrition can be attributed to various factors; increased nutritional needs due to manual labour, more limited access to food as a result of poor infrastructure, high-susceptibility to the damaging effects of nature and the "Agricultural Productivity Gap".<a href="#cite_note-200">[195]</a> The Agricultural Productivity Gap postulates that "value added per worker" is often much lower within the agricultural sector than that found within non-agricultural sectors. Furthermore, allocation of labour within the agricultural sector is largely allocated ineffectively.<a href="#cite_note-201">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programmes_targeting_hunger">Programmes targeting hunger</h3></div> USAID programmes focusing on nutrition operate within the <a href="/wiki/Morogoro" title="Morogoro">Morogoro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iringa" title="Iringa">Iringa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mbeya" title="Mbeya">Mbeya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manyara_Region" title="Manyara Region">Manyara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Songwe_Region" title="Songwe Region">Songwe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> regions of Tanzania. These "<a href="/wiki/Feed_the_Future_Initiative" title="Feed the Future Initiative">Feed the Future</a>" programmes heavily invest in nutrition, infrastructure, policy, capacity of institutions and agriculture which is identified by the organisation as a key area of economic growth in the country.<a href="#cite_note-:02-196">[191]</a> A Tanzanian government led initiative "Kilimo Kwanza" or "Agriculture First" aims to encourage investment into agriculture within the private sector and hopes to improve agricultural processes and development within the country by seeking the knowledge of young people and the innovation that they can potentially provide.<a href="#cite_note-:2-202">[197]</a> During the 1990s, around 25% of Tanzania's population were provided access to iodised oil aimed to target iodine deficiency within expecting mothers, as result of studies showing the negative effects of in-utero iodine deficiency on cognitive development in children. Research showed that children of mothers with access to the supplement achieved on average greater than a third of a year more education than those who did not.<a href="#cite_note-:2-202">[197]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Food_Items_in_World_Food_Programme_Food_Parcels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Food_Items_in_World_Food_Programme_Food_Parcels.jpg/220px-Food_Items_in_World_Food_Programme_Food_Parcels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Food_Items_in_World_Food_Programme_Food_Parcels.jpg/330px-Food_Items_in_World_Food_Programme_Food_Parcels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Food_Items_in_World_Food_Programme_Food_Parcels.jpg/440px-Food_Items_in_World_Food_Programme_Food_Parcels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>Example of a World Food Programme parcel</figcaption></figure> Programmes led by the <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> operate within Tanzania. The Supplementary Feeding Programme (SFP) aims to target acute malnutrition by supplying blended food fortified with vitamins to pregnant women and mothers to children under 5 on a monthly basis.<a href="#cite_note-:4-203">[198]</a> Pregnant women and mothers to children under 2 have access to the Mother and Child Health and Nutrition Programme's "Super Cereal" which is supplied with the intent of reducing stunting in children.<a href="#cite_note-:4-203">[198]</a> World Food Programme supplementation remains the main food source for Tanzania's refugees. Super Cereal, Vegetable Oil, Pulses and Salt are supplied as part of the Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation to meet the average person's minimum daily caloric requirement of 2,100 kcal.<a href="#cite_note-:4-203">[198]</a> <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> state that continued investment in nutrition within Tanzania is of the utmost importance: Estimates predict that Tanzania stands to lose $20 billion by 2025 if nutrition within the country remains at its current level, however improvements in nutrition could produce a gain of around $4.7 billion<a href="#cite_note-:3-197">[192]</a> Save the Children, with the help of UNICEF and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Aid" title="Irish Aid">Irish Aid</a> funding created the Partnership for Nutrition in Tanzania (PANITA), in 2011. PANITA aims to use civil society organisations to target nutrition within the country. Alongside this, various sectors associated with nutrition are targeted such as agriculture, water, sanitation, education, economic development and social progress. PANITA is responsible for ensuring significant attention is given to nutrition in development plans and budgets created on national and regional levels within Tanzania. Since its conception, PANITA has grown from 94 to 306 participating civil society organisations nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-:5-204">[199]</a> Agriculture within Tanzania is targeted by the Irish Aid led initiative Harnessing Agriculture for Nutrition Outcomes (HANO), which aims to merge nutrition initiatives with agriculture in the Lindi District of the country. The project aims to reduce stunting by 10% in children aged 0 to 23 months.<a href="#cite_note-:5-204">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Researchers_(HC)_in_Southern_Africa_per_million_inhabitants,_2013_or_closest_year.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Researchers_%28HC%29_in_Southern_Africa_per_million_inhabitants%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg/220px-Researchers_%28HC%29_in_Southern_Africa_per_million_inhabitants%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Researchers_%28HC%29_in_Southern_Africa_per_million_inhabitants%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg/330px-Researchers_%28HC%29_in_Southern_Africa_per_million_inhabitants%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Researchers_%28HC%29_in_Southern_Africa_per_million_inhabitants%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg/440px-Researchers_%28HC%29_in_Southern_Africa_per_million_inhabitants%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>Researchers (HC) in Southern Africa per million inhabitants, 2013 or closest year</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Tanzania" title="Science and technology in Tanzania">Science and technology in Tanzania</a></div> Tanzania's first "National Science and Technology Policy" was adopted in 1996. The objective of the government's "Vision 2025" (1998) document was to "transform the economy into a strong, resilient and competitive one, buttressed by science and technology". Under the umbrella of the One UN Initiative, UNESCO and Tanzanian government departments and agencies formulated a series of proposals in 2008 for revising the "National Science and Technology Policy". The total reform budget of US$10 million was financed from the One UN fund and other sources. UNESCO provided support for mainstreaming science, technology, and innovation into the new "National Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy" for the mainland and Zanzibar namely, Mkukuta II and Mkuza II, including in the field of tourism.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Tanzania's revised science policy was published in 2010. Entitled "National Research and Development Policy", it recognises the need to improve the process of prioritisation of research capacities, develop international co-operation in strategic areas of research and development, and improve planning for human resources. It also makes provisions for the establishment of a National Research Fund. This policy was, in turn, reviewed in 2012 and 2013.<a href="#cite_note-:0-205">[200]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seychelles_and_South_Africa_have_the_most_publications_per_million_inhabitants.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Seychelles_and_South_Africa_have_the_most_publications_per_million_inhabitants.svg/220px-Seychelles_and_South_Africa_have_the_most_publications_per_million_inhabitants.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Seychelles_and_South_Africa_have_the_most_publications_per_million_inhabitants.svg/330px-Seychelles_and_South_Africa_have_the_most_publications_per_million_inhabitants.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Seychelles_and_South_Africa_have_the_most_publications_per_million_inhabitants.svg/440px-Seychelles_and_South_Africa_have_the_most_publications_per_million_inhabitants.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="176" /></a><figcaption>Scientific publications per million inhabitants in SADC countries in 2014. Source: UNESCO Science Report (2015), data from Thomson Reuters' Web of Science, Science Citation Index Expanded.</figcaption></figure> In 2010, Tanzania devoted 0.38 per cent of GDP to research and development. The global average in 2013 was 1.7 per cent of GDP. Tanzania had 69 researchers (in head counts) per million population in 2010. In 2014, Tanzania counted 15 publications per million inhabitants in internationally catalogued journals, according to Thomson Reuters' Web of Science (Science Citation Index Expanded). The average for sub-Saharan Africa was 20 publications per million inhabitants and the global average 176 publications per million inhabitants. Tanzania was ranked 120th in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024, down from 97th in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-206">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tanzania" title="Demographics of Tanzania">Demographics of Tanzania</a></div> <table class="wikitable floatleft"> <caption>Population in Tanzania<a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-209">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-210">[205]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="background:#cfb;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#cfb;">Million </th></tr> <tr> <td>1950</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td style="text-align:right;">63.6 </td></tr></tbody></table> According to the 2012 census, the total population of Tanzania was 44,928,923.<a href="#cite_note-2012_census-211">[206]</a> The under-15 age group represented 44.1% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-nbs1-212">[207]</a> The population distribution in Tanzania is significantly uneven. Most people live on the northern border or the coast, with much of the remainder of the country being sparsely populated.<a href="#cite_note-frame-80">[76]</a>: page 1252  Density varies from 12 per square kilometre (31/sq mi) in the <a href="/wiki/Katavi_Region" title="Katavi Region">Katavi Region</a> to 3,133 per square kilometre (8,110/sq mi) in the <a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam_Region" title="Dar es Salaam Region">Dar es Salaam Region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2012_census-211">[206]</a>: page 6  Approximately 70% of the population is rural, although this percentage has been declining since at least 1967.<a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a> Dar es Salaam (population 4,364,541)<a href="#cite_note-census2012-214">[209]</a> is the largest city and commercial capital. The capital of the country and economic centre of Tanzania, <a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a> (population 410,956)<a href="#cite_note-census2012-214">[209]</a> is located in central Tanzania, and hosts the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Tanzania)" title="National Assembly (Tanzania)">National Assembly</a>. At the time of the foundation of the United Republic of Tanzania in 1964, the child mortality rate was 335 deaths per 1,000 live births. Since independence, the rate of child deaths has declined to 62 per 1000 births.<a href="#cite_note-215">[210]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Tanzania <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf">2012 Census General Report, March 2013 Combined Final for Printing</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Tanzania" title="List of cities in Tanzania">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Tanzania" title="Regions of Tanzania">Region</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Dar_es_Salaam_before_dusk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dar es Salaam"><img alt="Dar es Salaam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Dar_es_Salaam_before_dusk.jpg/120px-Dar_es_Salaam_before_dusk.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Dar_es_Salaam_before_dusk.jpg/180px-Dar_es_Salaam_before_dusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Dar_es_Salaam_before_dusk.jpg/240px-Dar_es_Salaam_before_dusk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2332" data-file-height="1250" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a> <a href="/wiki/File:2010-09-13_15-13-18_Tanzania_Mwanza_Mwanza.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mwanza"><img alt="Mwanza" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/2010-09-13_15-13-18_Tanzania_Mwanza_Mwanza.jpg/120px-2010-09-13_15-13-18_Tanzania_Mwanza_Mwanza.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/2010-09-13_15-13-18_Tanzania_Mwanza_Mwanza.jpg/180px-2010-09-13_15-13-18_Tanzania_Mwanza_Mwanza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/2010-09-13_15-13-18_Tanzania_Mwanza_Mwanza.jpg/240px-2010-09-13_15-13-18_Tanzania_Mwanza_Mwanza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mwanza" title="Mwanza">Mwanza</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,364,541 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Look_at_Mt._Meru_Arusha_Tanzania.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arusha"><img alt="Arusha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Look_at_Mt._Meru_Arusha_Tanzania.jpg/120px-Look_at_Mt._Meru_Arusha_Tanzania.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Look_at_Mt._Meru_Arusha_Tanzania.jpg/180px-Look_at_Mt._Meru_Arusha_Tanzania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Look_at_Mt._Meru_Arusha_Tanzania.jpg/240px-Look_at_Mt._Meru_Arusha_Tanzania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2743" data-file-height="1822" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Arusha" title="Arusha">Arusha</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Beautiful_sunset_in_Dodoma_University_Tanzania.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dodoma"><img alt="Dodoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Beautiful_sunset_in_Dodoma_University_Tanzania.jpg/120px-Beautiful_sunset_in_Dodoma_University_Tanzania.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Beautiful_sunset_in_Dodoma_University_Tanzania.jpg/180px-Beautiful_sunset_in_Dodoma_University_Tanzania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Beautiful_sunset_in_Dodoma_University_Tanzania.jpg/240px-Beautiful_sunset_in_Dodoma_University_Tanzania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mwanza" title="Mwanza">Mwanza</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mwanza_Region" title="Mwanza Region">Mwanza</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">706,543 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Arusha" title="Arusha">Arusha</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Arusha_Region" title="Arusha Region">Arusha</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">416,442 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dodoma_Region" title="Dodoma Region">Dodoma</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">410,956 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mbeya" title="Mbeya">Mbeya</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mbeya_Region" title="Mbeya Region">Mbeya</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">385,279 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Morogoro" title="Morogoro">Morogoro</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Morogoro_Region" title="Morogoro Region">Morogoro</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">315,866 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tanga,_Tanzania" title="Tanga, Tanzania">Tanga</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tanga_Region" title="Tanga Region">Tanga</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">273,332 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kahama,_Tanzania" title="Kahama, Tanzania">Kahama</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shinyanga_Region" title="Shinyanga Region">Shinyanga</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">242,208 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tabora" title="Tabora">Tabora</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tabora_Region" title="Tabora Region">Tabora</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">226,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_City" title="Zanzibar City">Zanzibar City</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_West_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanzibar West Region">Zanzibar West</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">223,033 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadzabe_Hunters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hadzabe_Hunters.jpg/220px-Hadzabe_Hunters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hadzabe_Hunters.jpg/330px-Hadzabe_Hunters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hadzabe_Hunters.jpg/440px-Hadzabe_Hunters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hadza_people" title="Hadza people">Hadza</a> live as <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunter-gatherers">hunter-gatherers</a>.</figcaption></figure> The population consists of <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Tanzania" title="List of ethnic groups in Tanzania">about 125 ethnic groups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lev-216">[211]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sukuma_people" title="Sukuma people">Sukuma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nyamwezi_people" title="Nyamwezi people">Nyamwezi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaga_people" title="Chaga people">Chagga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Haya_people" title="Haya people">Haya</a> peoples each have a population exceeding 1 million.<a href="#cite_note-Otiso-217">[212]</a>: page 4  Most Tanzanians are of native <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Africa">African</a> descent. Tanzanian citizens of <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Tanzania" title="Indians in Tanzania">Indian</a> descent constitute a significant demographic minority which is particularly prominent in business and entrepreneurship. There are also Tanzanians of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Tanzania" title="Chinese people in Tanzania">Chinese</a> descent.<a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> Many Tanzanians identify as <a href="/wiki/Shirazi_(ethnic_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirazi (ethnic group)">Shirazis</a>. Some Tanzanians are of Arab descent.<a href="#cite_note-lev-216">[211]</a> The majority of Tanzanians, including the Sukuma and the Nyamwezi, are <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a> Thousands of Arabs and Indians were massacred during the <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_Revolution" title="Zanzibar Revolution">Zanzibar Revolution</a> of 1964.<a href="#cite_note-Zanzibar-61">[57]</a> As of 1994, the Asian community numbered 50,000 on the mainland and 4,000 on Zanzibar. An estimated 70,000 Arabs and 10,000 Europeans lived in Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-pop-220">[215]</a> As of 2015, the Indian community numbered 60,000.<a href="#cite_note-221">[216]</a> Some <a href="/wiki/Albinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Albinos">albinos</a> in Tanzania have been the victims of violence in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[220]</a> Attacks are often to hack off the limbs of albinos in the perverse superstitious belief that possessing the bones of albinos will bring wealth. The country has banned witch doctors to try to prevent the practice, but it has continued and albinos remain targets.<a href="#cite_note-cnn091015-226">[221]</a> According to 2010 Tanzanian government statistics, the <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> in Tanzania was 5.4 children born per woman, with 3.7 in urban mainland areas, 6.1 in rural mainland areas, and 5.1 in Zanzibar.<a href="#cite_note-DHS-227">[222]</a>: page 55  For all women aged 45–49, 37.3 per cent had given birth to eight or more children, and for currently married women in that age group, 45.0 per cent had given birth to that many children.<a href="#cite_note-DHS-227">[222]</a>: page 61  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tanzania" title="Religion in Tanzania">Religion in Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Tanzania" title="Christianity in Tanzania">Christianity in Tanzania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Zanzibar" title="Islam in Zanzibar">Islam in Zanzibar</a></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:250px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:none"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Tanzania (2020)</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Islam</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DodgerBlue; width:35.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">35.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:MediumSeaGreen; width:61.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">61.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional African religion">Indigenous beliefs</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:1.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">Other</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:1.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.4%</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;">Source: <a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a>.<a href="#cite_note-factbook-19">[15]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div>Official statistics on religion are unavailable because religious surveys were eliminated from government census reports after 1967.<a href="#cite_note-228">[223]</a> Tanzania's religious field is dominated by Christianity, Islam and African traditional religions connected to ethnic customs. The word for religion in Swahili, dini, generally apply to the world religions of Christianity and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> meaning that followers of traditional African religions are considered to be of "no religion". Religious belonging is often ambiguous, with some people adhering to multiple religious identities at the same time (for instance being Christian but also following African traditional rituals) something which suggests that religious boundaries are flexible and contextual.<a href="#cite_note-229">[224]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_Town,_St._Joseph_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Stone_Town%2C_St._Joseph_Cathedral.jpg/220px-Stone_Town%2C_St._Joseph_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Stone_Town%2C_St._Joseph_Cathedral.jpg/330px-Stone_Town%2C_St._Joseph_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Stone_Town%2C_St._Joseph_Cathedral.jpg/440px-Stone_Town%2C_St._Joseph_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral,_Zanzibar" title="St. Joseph's Cathedral, Zanzibar">St. Joseph's Catholic Cathedral, Zanzibar</a>.</figcaption></figure> According to a 2014 estimate by the <a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a>, 61.4% of the population was <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a>, 35.2% was <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, 1.8% practised traditional African religions, 1.4% were unaffiliated with any religion, and 0.2% followed other religions. However, according to the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a> (ARDA), 55.3% of the population is Christian, 31.5% is Muslim, 11.3% practices traditional faiths, while 1.9% of the population is <a href="/wiki/Irreligious" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligious">non-religious</a> or adheres to other faiths as of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-arda-230">[225]</a> The ARDA estimates that most Tanzanian Muslims are Sunni, with a small Shia minority, as of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-arda-230">[225]</a> Nearly the entire population of Zanzibar is Muslim.<a href="#cite_note-factbook-19">[15]</a> Of Muslims, 16% are <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a>, 20% are <a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-denominational Muslims">non-denominational Muslims</a>, 40% are <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a>, 20% are <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a>, and 4% are <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[226]</a> Most Shias in Tanzania are from Asian/Indian descent.<a href="#cite_note-232">[227]</a> Notable Shias of <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Khoja" title="Khoja">Khoja</a> heritage in Tanzania are <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Dewji" title="Mohammed Dewji">Mohammed Dewji</a> or <a href="/wiki/Amir_H._Jamal" title="Amir H. Jamal">Amir H. Jamal</a>. Within the Christian community the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> is the largest group (51% all Christians).<a href="#cite_note-233">[228]</a> Among the Protestants, the large number of <a href="/wiki/Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutherans">Lutherans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a> points to the German missionary past of the country, while the number of <a href="/wiki/Anglicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicans">Anglicans</a> point to the British missionary history of Tanganyika. A growing number have adopted <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostalism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventists">Adventists</a> likewise have an increasing presence because of external missionary activities from Scandinavia and the United States, especially during the first part of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-234">[229]</a> All of them have had some influence in varying degrees from the Walokole movement (<a href="/wiki/East_African_Revival" title="East African Revival">East African Revival</a>), which has also been fertile ground for the spread of <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">charismatic</a> and Pentecostal groups.<a href="#cite_note-235">[230]</a> The country also has around 20,000 <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[231]</a> There are also active communities of other religious groups, primarily on the mainland, such as <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Tanzania" title="Hinduism in Tanzania">Hindus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Bahá'ís</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tanzania" title="Languages of Tanzania">Languages of Tanzania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zanzibar_door_carved.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Zanzibar_door_carved.jpg/170px-Zanzibar_door_carved.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Zanzibar_door_carved.jpg/255px-Zanzibar_door_carved.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Zanzibar_door_carved.jpg/340px-Zanzibar_door_carved.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>A carved door with Arabic calligraphy in Zanzibar</figcaption></figure> More than 100 <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tanzania" title="Languages of Tanzania">languages are spoken in Tanzania</a>, making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa.<a href="#cite_note-sim-28">[24]</a> Among the languages spoken are four of Africa's language families: <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cushitic_languages" title="Cushitic languages">Cushitic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilotic_languages" title="Nilotic languages">Nilotic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khoisan_languages" title="Khoisan languages">Khoisan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sim-28">[24]</a> There are no de jure official languages in Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-tzgov-29">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> is used in parliamentary debate, in the lower courts, and as a medium of instruction in primary school. English is used in foreign trade, in diplomacy, in higher courts, and as a medium of instruction in secondary and higher education.<a href="#cite_note-sim-28">[24]</a> The Tanzanian government, however, has plans to discontinue English as a language of instruction.<a href="#cite_note-afkinsider.com-30">[26]</a> In connection with his <a href="/wiki/Ujamaa" title="Ujamaa">Ujamaa</a> social policies, President Nyerere encouraged the use of Swahili to help unify the country's many ethnic groups.<a href="#cite_note-Joshua_A._Fishman_Distinguished_University_Research_Professor_of_Social_Sciences_Yeshiva_University_Emeritus_2001_361-238">[233]</a> Approximately 10 per cent of Tanzanians speak Swahili as a first language, and up to 90 per cent speak it as a second language.<a href="#cite_note-sim-28">[24]</a> Many educated Tanzanians are trilingual, also speaking English.<a href="#cite_note-Quintin_Winks_2011_145-239">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-bj-240">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-François_Grosjean_1982_8-241">[236]</a> The widespread use and promotion of Swahili is contributing to the decline of smaller languages in the country.<a href="#cite_note-sim-28">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matthias_Brenzinger_1992_86-242">[237]</a> Young children increasingly speak Swahili as a first language, particularly in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-Elsevier-243">[238]</a> Ethnic community languages (ECL) other than Kiswahili are not allowed as a language of instruction. Nor are they taught as a subject, though they might be used unofficially in some cases in initial education. Television and radio programmes in an ECL are prohibited, and it is nearly impossible to get permission to publish a newspaper in an ECL. There is no department of local or regional African Languages and Literatures at the University of Dar es Salaam.<a href="#cite_note-244">[239]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sandawe_people" title="Sandawe people">Sandawe people</a> speak a language that may be related to the <a href="/wiki/Khoe_languages" title="Khoe languages">Khoe languages</a> of Botswana and Namibia, while the language of the <a href="/wiki/Hadzabe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadzabe people">Hadzabe people</a>, although it has similar <a href="/wiki/Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">click consonants</a>, is arguably a <a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">language isolate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[240]</a> The language of the <a href="/wiki/Iraqw_people" title="Iraqw people">Iraqw people</a> is Cushitic.<a href="#cite_note-246">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_and_Libraries">Education and Libraries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Tanzania" title="Education in Tanzania">Education in Tanzania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nkrumah.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nkrumah.JPG/220px-Nkrumah.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nkrumah.JPG/330px-Nkrumah.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nkrumah.JPG/440px-Nkrumah.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>Nkrumah Hall at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dar_es_Salaam" title="University of Dar es Salaam">University of Dar es Salaam</a></figcaption></figure> In 2015, the literacy rate in Tanzania was 77.9% for people aged 15 and over (83.2% males, 73.1% females).<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_lit2015-247">[242]</a> Education is compulsory until children reach age 15.<a href="#cite_note-worst-248">[243]</a> In 2020, 97% completed primary (98.4% females and 95.5% males), 28.3% completed secondary (30% females and 27% males), and 8% completed tertiary education (7% females and 8.5% males).<a href="#cite_note-unesco_educatoin-249">[244]</a> The Tanzania Library Services Board operates twenty-one regional, eighteen district, and one divisional library.<a href="#cite_note-250">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Tanzania" title="Healthcare in Tanzania">Healthcare in Tanzania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_in_Tanzania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Life_expectancy_in_Tanzania.svg/260px-Life_expectancy_in_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Life_expectancy_in_Tanzania.svg/390px-Life_expectancy_in_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Life_expectancy_in_Tanzania.svg/520px-Life_expectancy_in_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Development of life expectancy</figcaption></figure> As of 2012<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzania&action=edit">[update]</a>, life expectancy at birth was 61 years.<a href="#cite_note-who-252">[247]</a> The under-five mortality rate in 2012 was 54 per 1,000 live births.<a href="#cite_note-who-252">[247]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Maternal_mortality" class="mw-redirect" title="Maternal mortality">maternal mortality</a> rate in 2013 was estimated at 410 per 100,000 live births.<a href="#cite_note-who-252">[247]</a> <a href="/wiki/Premature_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Premature death">Prematurity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> were tied in 2010 as the leading cause of death in children under five years old.<a href="#cite_note-WHO_World_Health_Statistics_2013-253">[248]</a> The other leading causes of death for these children were, in decreasing order, <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diarrhoea" class="mw-redirect" title="Diarrhoea">diarrhoea</a>, HIV, and <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO_World_Health_Statistics_2013-253">[248]</a> Malaria in Tanzania causes death and disease and has a "huge economic impact".<a href="#cite_note-Progress-254">[249]</a>: page 13  There were approximately 11.5 million cases of clinical malaria in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-Progress-254">[249]</a>: page 12  In 2007–08, malaria prevalence among children aged 6 months to five years was highest in the <a href="/wiki/Kagera_Region" title="Kagera Region">Kagera Region</a> (41.1 per cent) on the western shore of Lake Victoria and lowest in the <a href="/wiki/Arusha_Region" title="Arusha Region">Arusha Region</a> (0.1 per cent).<a href="#cite_note-Progress-254">[249]</a>: page 12  According to the 2010 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2010, 15 per cent of Tanzanian women had undergone <a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">female genital mutilation</a> (FGM)<a href="#cite_note-DHS-227">[222]</a>: page 295  and 72 per cent of Tanzanian men had been circumcised.<a href="#cite_note-DHS-227">[222]</a>: page 230  FGM is most common in the <a href="/wiki/Manyara_Region" title="Manyara Region">Manyara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dodoma_Region" title="Dodoma Region">Dodoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arusha_Region" title="Arusha Region">Arusha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Singida_Region" title="Singida Region">Singida</a> regions and nonexistent in <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DHS-227">[222]</a>: page 296  The prevalence of male circumcision was above 90 per cent in the eastern<a href="#cite_note-cnn091015-226">[221]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam_Region" title="Dar es Salaam Region">Dar es Salaam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pwani_Region" title="Pwani Region">Pwani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Morogoro_Region" title="Morogoro Region">Morogoro</a> regions), northern (<a href="/wiki/Kilimanjaro_Region" title="Kilimanjaro Region">Kilimanjaro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanga_Region" title="Tanga Region">Tanga</a>, Arusha, and Manyara regions), and central areas (Dodoma and <a href="/wiki/Singida_Region" title="Singida Region">Singida</a> regions) and below 50 per cent only in the southern highlands zone (<a href="/wiki/Mbeya_Region" title="Mbeya Region">Mbeya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iringa_Region" title="Iringa Region">Iringa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rukwa_Region" title="Rukwa Region">Rukwa</a> regions).<a href="#cite_note-DHS-227">[222]</a>: pages 6, 230  2012 data showed that 53 per cent of the population used improved drinking water sources (defined as a source that "by nature of its construction and design, is likely to protect the source from outside contamination, in particular from faecal matter") and 12 per cent used improved sanitation facilities (defined as facilities that "likely hygienically separates human excreta from human contact" but not including facilities shared with other households or open to public use).<a href="#cite_note-255">[250]</a> On January 21, 2025, Tanzania's President, Samia Suluhu Hassan, has confirmed an outbreak of the Marburg virus, a highly infectious disease similar to Ebola. She expressed confidence in the country's ability to overcome the outbreak, emphasizing the importance of public awareness and adherence to health guidelines. The government is implementing measures to contain the virus's spread and is collaborating with international health organizations to manage the situation.<a href="#cite_note-256">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women">Women</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanzanian_tea_farmers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tanzanian_tea_farmers.jpg/220px-Tanzanian_tea_farmers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tanzanian_tea_farmers.jpg/330px-Tanzanian_tea_farmers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tanzanian_tea_farmers.jpg/440px-Tanzanian_tea_farmers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>Tanzanian women harvesting tea leaves</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Tanzania" title="Women in Tanzania">Women in Tanzania</a></div> Women and men have equality before the law.<a href="#cite_note-cedaw-257">[252]</a> The government signed the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Discrimination_against_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women">Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women</a> (CEDAW) in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-cedaw-257">[252]</a> Nearly 3 out of ten women reported having experienced <a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">sexual violence</a> before the age of 18. <a href="#cite_note-cedaw-257">[252]</a> The prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">female genital mutilation</a> has decreased.<a href="#cite_note-cedaw-257">[252]</a> School girls are reinstated back to school after delivery.<a href="#cite_note-cedaw-257">[252]</a> The Police Force administration strives to separate the Gender Desks from normal police operations to enhance confidentiality of the processing of women victims of abuse.<a href="#cite_note-cedaw-257">[252]</a> Most of the abuses and violence against women and children occurs at the family level.<a href="#cite_note-cedaw-257">[252]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Tanzania">Constitution of Tanzania</a> requires that women constitute at least 30% of all elected members of <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Tanzania)" title="National Assembly (Tanzania)">National Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cedaw-257">[252]</a> The gender differences in education and training have implications later in life of these women and girls.<a href="#cite_note-cedaw-257">[252]</a> Unemployment is higher for females than for males.<a href="#cite_note-cedaw-257">[252]</a> The right of a female employee to <a href="/wiki/Maternity_leave" class="mw-redirect" title="Maternity leave">maternity leave</a> is guaranteed in labour law.<a href="#cite_note-cedaw-257">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tanzania" title="Culture of Tanzania">Culture of Tanzania</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Tanzania" title="Mass media in Tanzania">Mass media in Tanzania</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation">Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tanzania" title="Music of Tanzania">Music of Tanzania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg/220px-Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg/330px-Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg/440px-Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Tanzanian Ngoma group</figcaption></figure> As in other countries, the music in Tanzania is constantly undergoing changes, and varies by location, people, settings and occasion. The five music genres in Tanzania, as defined by <a href="/wiki/Baraza_la_Sanaa_la_Taifa" title="Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa">BASATA</a> are, <a href="/wiki/Ngoma_music" title="Ngoma music">ngoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muziki_wa_dansi" title="Muziki wa dansi">dansi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">kwaya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taarab" title="Taarab">taarab</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Bongo_Flava" title="Bongo Flava">bongo flava</a> being added in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-Askew_02-258">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ivaska_11-259">[254]</a> Singeli has since the mid-2000s been an unofficial music of uswahilini, unplanned communities in <a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a>, and is the newest mainstream genre since 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson_18-260">[255]</a> Ngoma (Bantu, meaning dance, drum and event)<a href="#cite_note-Stone_08-261">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kaduma_78-262">[257]</a> is a traditional dance music that has been the most widespread music in Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-Njogu_07-263">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-Edmondson_07-264">[259]</a> Dansi is urban jazz or band music.<a href="#cite_note-Njogu_07-263">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mahenge_22-265">[260]</a> Taarab is sung <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Kiswahili</a> poetry accompanied by a band, typically string, in which audience is often, but not always, encouraged to dance and clap.<a href="#cite_note-Njogu_07-263">[258]</a> Kwaya was choir music originally limited to church during colonization, but is now a secular part of educational, social, and political events.<a href="#cite_note-Stone_08-261">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-Edmondson_07-264">[259]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bongo_flava" class="mw-redirect" title="Bongo flava">Bongo flava</a> is Tanzanian pop music originating in the early 2000s from muziki wa kizazi kipya, meaning "Music of the new generation", which originated in the late 1980s. Kizazi kipya's dominant influences were <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">RnB</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a>, where as the later bongo flava's dominant influences are taarab and dansi.<a href="#cite_note-Kerr_18-266">[261]</a> Three recent influence on bongo flava are <a href="/wiki/African_popular_music" title="African popular music">Afropop</a> in the 2010s, as well as <a href="/wiki/Amapiano" title="Amapiano">amapiano</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and singeli from Tanzania, both since 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Suriano_11-267">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-Perullo_05-268">[263]</a> Singeli is a ngoma music that originated in Manzese, an uswahilini in north-west Dar es Salaam. A MC performs over fast tempo taarab music, often at between 200 and 300 <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">beats per minute (BPM)</a> while females dance. Styles between MC gender typically differ significantly. Male MCs usually perform in fast-paced rap, while female MCs usually perform kwaya.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson_18-260">[255]</a> From independence until 1993, all recording and distribution of music was strictly managed by BASATA, primarily through <a href="/wiki/Radio_Tanzania_Dar_es_Salaam" title="Radio Tanzania Dar es Salaam">Radio Tanzania Dar es Salaam</a> (RTD).<a href="#cite_note-Perullo_07-269">[264]</a> Only the four Tanzanian genres were permitted to be recorded or broadcast, which at the time was ngoma, taarab, kwaya and dansi. The Broadcasting Services Act of 1993 allowed private broadcast networks and recording studios.<a href="#cite_note-270">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[266]</a> In the few years prior to the 1993 Act hip hop had been getting somewhat established in Dar es Salaam, Arusha and Mwanza. It was transitioning from English performances of hip hop originating in uzunguni, rich areas like Oysterbay and Masaki with international schools, to Kiswahili performances of kizazi kipya, originating in uswahilini.<a href="#cite_note-Saleh_J-272">[267]</a> Following the opening of the radio waves, bongo flava spreading throughout the country, and the rest of the Great Lakes.<a href="#cite_note-Kerr_18-266">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_anthem">National anthem</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="listen-header"><big><a href="/wiki/Mungu_ibariki_Afrika" title="Mungu ibariki Afrika">Mungu ibariki Afrika</a></big></div> <div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanzanian_national_anthem,_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga" title="File:Tanzanian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga">National Anthem of Tanzania</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="52" data-mwtitle="Tanzanian_national_anthem,_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Tanzanian_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Tanzanian_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga/Tanzanian_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATanzanian_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATanzanian_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATanzanian_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=sw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sw" label="Kiswahili ‪(sw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATanzanian_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div> <div class="description">National Anthem of Tanzania performed by United States Navy Band<a href="#cite_note-273">[268]</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> The Tanzanian national anthem is "<a href="/wiki/Mungu_Ibariki_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mungu Ibariki Africa">Mungu Ibariki Africa</a>" (God Bless Africa). It has kiswahili lyrics adapted for "<a href="/wiki/Nkosi_Sikelel%27_iAfrika" title="Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika">Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika</a>" composed by South African composer <a href="/wiki/Enoch_Sontonga" title="Enoch Sontonga">Enoch Sontonga</a> in 1897.<a href="#cite_note-274">[269]</a> "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" became a pan-African song adapted into the current national anthems for Tanzania, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>, and following the end of apartheid <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Millennium-275">[270]</a> It was previously used in the national anthems for <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, but has since been replaced by original new anthems. Another patriotic song is <a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Nakupenda_Kwa_Moyo_Wote" title="Tanzania Nakupenda Kwa Moyo Wote">Tanzania, Tanzania</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_literature" title="Tanzanian literature">Tanzanian literature</a></div> Tanzania's literary culture is primarily oral.<a href="#cite_note-Otiso-217">[212]</a>: page 68  Major oral literary forms include folktales, poems, riddles, proverbs, and songs.<a href="#cite_note-Otiso-217">[212]</a>: page 69  The greatest part of Tanzania's recorded oral literature is in Swahili, even though each of the country's languages has its own oral tradition.<a href="#cite_note-Otiso-217">[212]</a>: pages 68–69  The country's oral literature has been declining because of the breakdown of the multigenerational social structure, making transmission of oral literature more difficult, and because increasing modernisation has been accompanied by the devaluation of oral literature.<a href="#cite_note-Otiso-217">[212]</a>: page 69  Books in Tanzania are often expensive and hard to come by.<a href="#cite_note-Otiso-217">[212]</a>: page 75 <a href="#cite_note-Doling-276">[271]</a>: page 16  Most Tanzanian literature is in Swahili or English.<a href="#cite_note-Otiso-217">[212]</a>: page 75  Major figures in Tanzanian written literature include <a href="/wiki/Shaaban_Robert" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaaban Robert">Shaaban Robert</a> (considered the father of Swahili literature), <a href="/wiki/Aniceti_Kitereza" title="Aniceti Kitereza">Aniceti Kitereza</a>, Muhammed Saley Farsy, Faraji Katalambulla, Adam Shafi Adam, <a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Said_Abdulla" title="Muhammed Said Abdulla">Muhammed Said Abdalla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_K._Palangyo" title="Peter K. Palangyo">Peter K. Palangyo</a>, Said Ahmed Mohammed Khamis, Mohamed Suleiman Mohamed, <a href="/wiki/Euphrase_Kezilahabi" title="Euphrase Kezilahabi">Euphrase Kezilahabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Ruhumbika" title="Gabriel Ruhumbika">Gabriel Ruhumbika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Hussein" title="Ebrahim Hussein">Ebrahim Hussein</a>, <a href="/wiki/May_Balisidya" title="May Balisidya">May Materru Balisidya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fadhy_Mtanga" title="Fadhy Mtanga">Fadhy Mtanga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Abdulrazak Gurnah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Penina_Muhando" title="Penina Muhando">Penina O. Mlama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Otiso-217">[212]</a>: pages 76–8  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amani-TT4798.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Amani-TT4798.jpg/220px-Amani-TT4798.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Amani-TT4798.jpg/330px-Amani-TT4798.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Amani-TT4798.jpg/440px-Amani-TT4798.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Tingatinga_(painting)" title="Tingatinga (painting)">Tingatinga</a> painting</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Painting_and_sculpture">Painting and sculpture</h3></div> Two Tanzanian art styles have achieved international recognition.<a href="#cite_note-Doling-276">[271]</a>: p. 17  The <a href="/wiki/Tingatinga_(painting)" title="Tingatinga (painting)">Tingatinga</a> school of painting, founded by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Said_Tingatinga" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Said Tingatinga">Edward Said Tingatinga</a>, consists of brightly coloured enamel paintings on canvas, generally depicting people, animals, or daily life.<a href="#cite_note-Otiso-217">[212]</a>: p. 113 <a href="#cite_note-Doling-276">[271]</a>: p. 17  After Tingatinga's death in 1972, other artists adopted and developed his style, with the genre now being the most important tourist-oriented style in East Africa.<a href="#cite_note-Otiso-217">[212]</a>: p. 113 <a href="#cite_note-Doling-276">[271]</a>: p. 17  Historically, there were limited opportunities for formal European art training in Tanzania and many aspiring Tanzanian artists left the country to pursue their vocation.<a href="#cite_note-Doling-276">[271]</a>: p. 17  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanzania_National_Main_Stadium_Aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tanzania_National_Main_Stadium_Aerial.jpg/220px-Tanzania_National_Main_Stadium_Aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tanzania_National_Main_Stadium_Aerial.jpg/330px-Tanzania_National_Main_Stadium_Aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tanzania_National_Main_Stadium_Aerial.jpg/440px-Tanzania_National_Main_Stadium_Aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3490" data-file-height="2034" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Stadium_(Tanzania)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Stadium (Tanzania)">National Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Tanzania" title="Sport in Tanzania">Sport in Tanzania</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is very popular throughout the country.<a href="#cite_note-Wairagala-277">[272]</a> The most popular <a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_Premier_League" title="Tanzanian Premier League">professional football clubs</a> in Dar es Salaam are the <a href="/wiki/Young_Africans_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Young Africans F.C.">Young Africans F.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simba_S.C." title="Simba S.C.">Simba S.C.</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[273]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Football_Federation" title="Tanzania Football Federation">Tanzania Football Federation</a> is the governing body for football in the country. Other popular sports include <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">netball</a>, boxing, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athletics_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletics (sport)">athletics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wairagala-277">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[274]</a> The National Sports Council also known as Baraza la Michezo la Taifa is the governing body for sports in the country under the Ministry of Information, Youth, Sports and Culture.<a href="#cite_note-280">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tanzania" title="Cinema of Tanzania">Cinema of Tanzania</a></div> Tanzania has a popular film industry known as "Bongo Movie".<a href="#cite_note-281">[276]</a> It also hosts an international film festival, the <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_International_Film_Festival" title="Zanzibar International Film Festival">Zanzibar International Film Festival</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/48px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/64px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tanzania" title="Portal:Tanzania">Tanzania portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_countries-vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/31px-P_countries-vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/47px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/62px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Countries" title="Portal:Countries">Countries portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Tanzania" title="Outline of Tanzania">Outline of Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania">COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> serve as de facto official languages.<a href="#cite_note-Mugoti-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-expogr-3">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> +007 from Kenya and Uganda </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌtænzəˈniːə/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">TAN-zə-NEE-ə</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> rarely <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/tænˈzeɪniə/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">tan-ZAY-nee-ə</a>, Swahili: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">[tɑⁿzɑˈni.ɑ]</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> In 2020 access to electricity reached a high of 84.6 percent, the highest in East Africa.<a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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McNaughton, Patrick (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7EPcIVSHESEC">Performance and Politics in Tanzania: The Nation on Stage</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington, IN</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-11705-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-11705-2"><bdi>978-0-253-11705-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125242/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Performance_and_Politics_in_Tanzania/7EPcIVSHESEC?hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Performance+and+Politics+in+Tanzania%3A+The+Nation+on+Stage&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-253-11705-2&rft.aulast=Edmondson&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7EPcIVSHESEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mahenge_22-265"><a href="#cite_ref-Mahenge_22_265-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahenge2022" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mahenge, Elizabeth (16 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journals.udsm.ac.tz/index.php/mj/article/view/4823">"Matumizi ya Mbinu ya Usimulizi katika Kuibua Dhamira ya Ukombozi wa Kisiasa Kusini mwa Afrika: Uchunguzi wa Nyimbo Teule za Muziki wa Dansi nchini Tanzania 1940-1990"</a> [Use of Narrative Techniques in Raising the Demand for Political Liberation in Southern Africa: An Examination of Selected Dance Music Songs in Tanzania 1940-1990]. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dar_es_Salaam" title="University of Dar es Salaam">Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam</a> (in Swahili). 40 (40).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chuo+Kikuu+cha+Dar+es+Salaam&rft.atitle=Matumizi+ya+Mbinu+ya+Usimulizi+katika+Kuibua+Dhamira+ya+Ukombozi+wa+Kisiasa+Kusini+mwa+Afrika%3A+Uchunguzi+wa+Nyimbo+Teule+za+Muziki+wa+Dansi+nchini+Tanzania+1940-1990&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=40&rft.date=2022-04-16&rft.aulast=Mahenge&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.udsm.ac.tz%2Findex.php%2Fmj%2Farticle%2Fview%2F4823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kerr_18-266">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kerr_18_266-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kerr_18_266-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerr2018" class="citation journal cs1">Kerr, David (2 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2015.1125776">"From the margins to the mainstream: making and remaking an alternative music economy in Dar es Salaam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_African_Cultural_Studies" title="Journal of African Cultural Studies">Journal of African Cultural Studies</a>. 30 (1). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>: 65–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13696815.2015.1125776">10.1080/13696815.2015.1125776</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1369-6815">1369-6815</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146229942">146229942</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220622130033/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2015.1125776">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+African+Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=From+the+margins+to+the+mainstream%3A+making+and+remaking+an+alternative+music+economy+in+Dar+es+Salaam&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E65-%3C%2Fspan%3E80&rft.date=2018-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146229942%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1369-6815&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13696815.2015.1125776&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F13696815.2015.1125776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suriano_11-267"><a href="#cite_ref-Suriano_11_267-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuriano2011" class="citation journal cs1">Suriano, Maria (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ad/article/view/74118">"Hip-Hop and Bongo Flavour Music in Contemporary Tanzania: Youths' Experiences, Agency, Aspirations and Contradictions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Africa_Development" title="Africa Development">Africa Development</a>. 36 (3–4): 113–126. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00020184.2011.628800">10.1080/00020184.2011.628800</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0850-3907">0850-3907</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163049425">163049425</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220602182528/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ad/article/view/74118">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Africa+Development&rft.atitle=Hip-Hop+and+Bongo+Flavour+Music+in+Contemporary+Tanzania%3A+Youths%27+Experiences%2C+Agency%2C+Aspirations+and+Contradictions&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E113-%3C%2Fspan%3E126&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163049425%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0850-3907&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00020184.2011.628800&rft.aulast=Suriano&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajol.info%2Findex.php%2Fad%2Farticle%2Fview%2F74118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perullo_05-268"><a href="#cite_ref-Perullo_05_268-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerullo2005" class="citation journal cs1">Perullo, Alex (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4187688">"Hooligans and heroes: Youth identity and hip-hop in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Africa_Today" title="Africa Today">Africa Today</a>. 51 (4). <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>: 75–101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fat.2005.0045">10.1353/at.2005.0045</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4187688">4187688</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144975952">144975952</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220609092118/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4187688">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Africa+Today&rft.atitle=Hooligans+and+heroes%3A+Youth+identity+and+hip-hop+in+Dar+es+Salaam%2C+Tanzania&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E101&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144975952%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4187688%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fat.2005.0045&rft.aulast=Perullo&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4187688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perullo_07-269"><a href="#cite_ref-Perullo_07_269-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerullo2007" class="citation book cs1">Perullo, Alex (2007). "" Here's a Little Something Local": An Early History of Hip Hop in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1984-1997". In Brennan, James R (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8PdWEAAAQBAJ">Dar es Salaam. Histories from an Emerging African Metropolis</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="British Institute">British Institute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mkuki_na_Nyota" title="Mkuki na Nyota">Mkuki na Nyota Publishers Ltd</a>. pp. 250–272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9987-08-107-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9987-08-107-3"><bdi>978-9987-08-107-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605084058/https://books.google.com/books?id=8PdWEAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%22+Here%27s+a+Little+Something+Local%22%3A+An+Early+History+of+Hip+Hop+in+Dar+es+Salaam%2C+Tanzania%2C+1984-1997&rft.btitle=Dar+es+Salaam.+Histories+from+an+Emerging+African+Metropolis&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E250-%3C%2Fspan%3E272&rft.pub=British+Institute+and+Mkuki+na+Nyota+Publishers+Ltd&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9987-08-107-3&rft.aulast=Perullo&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8PdWEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tadio.co.tz/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Tanzania-broadcasting-Act-6-of-1993-1.pdf">The Broadcasting Services Act, 1993</a> (PDF) (Act). Parliament of the United Republic of Tanzania. 11 June 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927135508/https://tadio.co.tz/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Tanzania-broadcasting-Act-6-of-1993-1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Broadcasting+Services+Act%2C+1993&rft.pub=Parliament+of+the+United+Republic+of+Tanzania&rft.date=1994-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftadio.co.tz%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F08%2FTanzania-broadcasting-Act-6-of-1993-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerullo2011" class="citation book cs1">Perullo, Alex (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VePJDAAAQBAJ">Live from Dar es Salaam: Popular Music and Tanzania's Music Economy</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-00150-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-00150-4"><bdi>978-0-253-00150-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605084058/https://books.google.com/books?id=VePJDAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2022. 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Visiting Arts </li> <li id="cite_note-Wairagala-277">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wairagala_277-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wairagala_277-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWairagala2004" class="citation book cs1">Wairagala, Wakabi (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tViQJkGh06YC&pg=PA36">Tanzania</a>. Gareth Stevens Pub. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8368-3119-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8368-3119-1"><bdi>978-0-8368-3119-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tanzania&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Gareth+Stevens+Pub.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8368-3119-1&rft.aulast=Wairagala&rft.aufirst=Wakabi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtViQJkGh06YC%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkinner2005" class="citation book cs1">Skinner, Annabel (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yF5KZPlooGIC&pg=PA96">Tanzania & Zanzibar</a>. New Holland Publishers. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86011-216-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86011-216-4"><bdi>978-1-86011-216-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tanzania+%26+Zanzibar&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=New+Holland+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-86011-216-4&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=Annabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyF5KZPlooGIC%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzania" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPritchett2007" class="citation book cs1">Pritchett, Bev (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GoKnbA1c1DsC&pg=PA53">Tanzania in Pictures</a>. Twenty-First Century Books. pp. 53–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-8571-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-8571-8"><bdi>978-0-8225-8571-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tanzania+in+Pictures&rft.pages=53-&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8225-8571-8&rft.aulast=Pritchett&rft.aufirst=Bev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGoKnbA1c1DsC%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tanzaniasports.com/sportbodies/nsc/">"NSC"</a>. Tanzania Sports. October 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tanzania+Sports&rft.atitle=NSC&rft.date=2011-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tanzaniasports.com%2Fsportbodies%2Fnsc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/the-beat/investments-key-to-bongo-films-growth-2576026">"Investments key to Bongo films growth"</a>. The Citizen. 2 April 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Citizen&rft.atitle=Investments+key+to+Bongo+films+growth&rft.date=2021-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecitizen.co.tz%2Ftanzania%2Fmagazines%2Fthe-beat%2Finvestments-key-to-bongo-films-growth-2576026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanzania" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/18px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/24px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="218" /></a> This article incorporates text from a <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free content</a> work. Licensed under CC BY-SA IGO. 3.0. Text taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf">UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030</a>, UNESCO.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Tanzania" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Tanzania">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Tanzania" class="extiw" 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Tanzania" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Tanzania">Wikimedia Atlas of Tanzania</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/195270">Tanzania</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190715192340/http://opendata.go.tz/">Basic Statistics of Tanzania</a> published as <a 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tanzania_topics" title="Template:Tanzania topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tanzania_topics" title="Template talk:Tanzania topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tanzania_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tanzania topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tanzania_articles567" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanzania</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Tanzania" title="Outline of Tanzania">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tanzania" title="History of Tanzania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tanzanian_history" title="Timeline of Tanzanian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maji_Maji_Rebellion" title="Maji Maji Rebellion">Maji Maji Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="East African campaign (World War I)">East African Campaign (World War I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanganyika (territory)">British rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="Tanganyika (1961–1964)">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Sultanate of Zanzibar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanzibar slave trade">Zanzibar slave trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_Revolution" title="Zanzibar Revolution">Zanzibar Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arusha_Declaration" title="Arusha Declaration">Arusha Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujamaa" title="Ujamaa">Ujamaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Republic_of_Tanzania" title="Coat of arms of the United Republic of Tanzania"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tanzania" title="Geography of Tanzania">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Tanzania" title="List of cities in Tanzania">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Tanzania" title="Districts of Tanzania">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Tanzania" title="List of islands of Tanzania">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Tanzania" title="List of lakes of Tanzania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Tanzania" title="List of protected areas of Tanzania">National Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Tanzania" title="Regions of Tanzania">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_in_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers in Tanzania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Tanzania" title="List of volcanoes in Tanzania">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Tanzania" title="Wildlife of Tanzania">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tanzania" title="Politics of Tanzania">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Tanzania" title="Cabinet of Tanzania">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Tanzania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Tanzania" title="Corruption in Tanzania">Corruption</a></li> <li>Courts (<a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Tanzania" title="High Court of Tanzania">High Court</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Tanzania" title="Elections in Tanzania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tanzania" title="Foreign relations of Tanzania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tanzania" title="Human rights in Tanzania">Human rights</a> (<a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Tanzania">LGBT rights</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_People%27s_Defence_Force" title="Tanzania People's Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Tanzania)" title="National Assembly (Tanzania)">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Tanzania" title="List of political parties in Tanzania">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Tanzania">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Tanzania" title="List of heads of state of Tanzania">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of Tanzania">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tanzania" title="Prime Minister of Tanzania">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Tanzania">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tanzania" title="Economy of Tanzania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Tanzania" title="Agriculture in Tanzania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Tanzania" title="Bank of Tanzania">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Tanzania" title="List of companies of Tanzania">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_shilling" title="Tanzanian shilling">Shilling (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam_Stock_Exchange" title="Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Tanzania" title="Taxation in Tanzania">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tanzania" title="Telecommunications in Tanzania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Tanzania" title="Tourism in Tanzania">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Tanzania" title="Transport in Tanzania">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Tanzania" title="Category:Society of Tanzania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzanian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_wine" title="Tanzanian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tanzania" title="Culture of Tanzania">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tanzania" title="Demographics of Tanzania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Tanzania" title="Education in Tanzania">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Tanzania" title="List of ethnic groups in Tanzania">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tanzania" title="Flag of Tanzania">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Tanzania" title="Healthcare in Tanzania">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Tanzania" title="HIV/AIDS in Tanzania">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tanzania" title="Languages of Tanzania">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tanzanians" title="List of Tanzanians">List of Tanzanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_literature" title="Tanzanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Tanzania">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tanzania" title="Music of Tanzania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource_and_waste_management_in_Tanzania" title="Natural resource and waste management in Tanzania">Natural resource and waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Persecution of Albinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Tanzania" title="Public holidays in Tanzania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tanzania" title="Religion in Tanzania">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Tanzania" title="Sport in Tanzania">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Tanzania" title="Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zanzibar" title="History of Zanzibar">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemba_Island" title="Pemba Island">Pemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unguja" title="Unguja">Unguja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_Archipelago" title="Zanzibar Archipelago">Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_House_of_Representatives" title="Zanzibar House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Tanzania" title="Outline of Tanzania">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Tanzania" title="Outline of Tanzania">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tanzania" title="Category:Tanzania">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tanzania" title="Portal:Tanzania">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Tanzania95" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Tanzania95" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Tanzania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_Tanzania68" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_Tanzania" title="Template:Regions of Tanzania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_Tanzania" title="Template talk:Regions of Tanzania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_Tanzania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of Tanzania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_Tanzania68" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Tanzania" title="Regions of Tanzania">Regions of Tanzania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Tanzania" title="Mainland Tanzania">Mainland Tanzania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arusha_Region" title="Arusha Region">Arusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodoma_Region" title="Dodoma Region">Dodoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geita_Region" title="Geita Region">Geita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iringa_Region" title="Iringa Region">Iringa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagera_Region" title="Kagera Region">Kagera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katavi_Region" title="Katavi Region">Katavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kigoma_Region" title="Kigoma Region">Kigoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilimanjaro_Region" title="Kilimanjaro Region">Kilimanjaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindi_Region" title="Lindi Region">Lindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manyara_Region" title="Manyara Region">Manyara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_Region" title="Mara Region">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbeya_Region" title="Mbeya Region">Mbeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morogoro_Region" title="Morogoro Region">Morogoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mtwara_Region" title="Mtwara Region">Mtwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwanza_Region" title="Mwanza Region">Mwanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njombe_Region" title="Njombe Region">Njombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwani_Region" title="Pwani Region">Pwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukwa_Region" title="Rukwa Region">Rukwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruvuma_Region" title="Ruvuma Region">Ruvuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinyanga_Region" title="Shinyanga Region">Shinyanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simiyu_Region" title="Simiyu Region">Simiyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singida_Region" title="Singida Region">Singida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwe_Region" title="Songwe Region">Songwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabora_Region" title="Tabora Region">Tabora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanga_Region" title="Tanga Region">Tanga</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tanzania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Tanzania"><img alt="Flag of Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/50px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/75px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/100px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_Archipelago" title="Zanzibar Archipelago">Zanzibar Archipelago</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mjini_Magharibi_Region" title="Mjini Magharibi Region">Mjini Magharibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemba_North_Region" title="Pemba North Region">Pemba North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemba_South_Region" title="Pemba South Region">Pemba South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unguja_North_Region" title="Unguja North Region">Unguja North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unguja_South_Region" title="Unguja South Region">Unguja South</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa699" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa699" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (partly in Asia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">unclear sovereignty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African territories fully part of non-African states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagie_Islands" title="Pelagie Islands">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_plate73" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_Plate" title="Template:Countries and regions in the Somali Plate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_Plate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Countries and regions in the Somali Plate (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_Plate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and regions in the Somali Plate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_plate73" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and regions in the <a href="/wiki/Somali_plate" title="Somali plate">Somali plate</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a> (Yemen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Region" title="Somali Region">Somali Region</a> (Ethiopia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean71" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Template:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Template talk:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean71" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories bordering the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanzania</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Ocean.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Indian Ocean"><img alt="Map of the Indian Ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Indian_Ocean.svg/100px-Indian_Ocean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Indian_Ocean.svg/150px-Indian_Ocean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Indian_Ocean.svg/200px-Indian_Ocean.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="440" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Southern_African_Development_Community_(SADC)77" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Template:Southern African Development Community"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Template talk:Southern African Development Community"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Southern African Development Community"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southern_African_Development_Community_(SADC)77" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a> (SADC)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Chairpersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levy_Mwanawasa" title="Levy Mwanawasa">Levy Mwanawasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Secretaries-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaire_Mbuende" title="Kaire Mbuende">Kaire Mbuende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prega_Ramsamy" title="Prega Ramsamy">Prega Ramsamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomaz_Salom%C3%A3o" title="Tomaz Salomão">Tomaz Salomão</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Coordination_Conference" title="Southern African Development Coordination Conference">Southern African Development Coordination Conference (forerunner)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union (SACU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Monetary_Area" title="Common Monetary Area">Common Monetary Area (CMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_Union350" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_Union" title="Template:African Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_Union" title="Template talk:African Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_Union350" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_Union" title="History of the African Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa" title="Decolonisation of Africa">Decolonisation of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Group" title="Casablanca Group">Casablanca Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monrovia_Group" title="Monrovia Group">Monrovia Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_and_Malagasy_Union" title="African and Malagasy Union">African and Malagasy Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Abuja Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union" title="Constitutive Act of the African Union">Lome Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity">Secretary General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_African_Union" title="Geography of the African Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countries_bordering_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries bordering the African Union">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of the African Union">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_African_Union" title="Member states of the African Union">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_African_Union" title="Regions of the African Union">Regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organs_of_the_African_Union" title="Organs of the African Union">Organs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_African_Union" title="Executive Council of the African Union">Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representatives%27_Committee_of_the_African_Union" title="Permanent Representatives' Committee of the African Union">Permanent Representatives' Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialised_Technical_Committees_of_the_African_Union" title="Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union">Specialized Technical Committees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" title="Assembly of the African Union">Assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Deputy Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Conference_Center_and_Office_Complex" title="African Union Conference Center and Office Complex">AUCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_African_Union_Commission_Chairperson_election" title="2025 African Union Commission Chairperson election">2025 election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_Convention_Centre" title="Gallagher Convention Centre">Gallagher Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">African Court of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Council" title="Economic, Social and Cultural Council">ECOSOCC Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Committee" title="Peace and Security Committee">Peace and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Political Affairs Committee (African Union)">Political Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_and_Energy_Committee" title="Infrastructure and Energy Committee">Infrastructure and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Affairs_and_Health_Committee" title="Social Affairs and Health Committee">Social Affairs and Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Resources,_Science,_and_Technology_Committee" title="Human Resources, Science, and Technology Committee">HR, Sciences and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Trade and Industry Committee (African Union)">Trade and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Economy_and_Agriculture_Committee" title="Rural Economy and Agriculture Committee">Rural Economy and Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Economic Affairs Committee (African Union)">Economic Affairs</a></li> <li>Women and Gender</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Cutting_Programs_Committee" title="Cross-Cutting Programs Committee">Cross-Cutting Programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Central_Bank" title="African Central Bank">African Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Fund" title="African Monetary Fund">African Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Investment_Bank" title="African Investment Bank">African Investment Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Capacity_for_Immediate_Response_to_Crises" title="African Capacity for Immediate Response to Crises">ACIRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Standby_Force" title="African Standby Force">African Standby Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_of_the_Wise" title="Panel of the Wise">Panel of the Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations%E2%80%93African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur" title="United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur">UNAMID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Burundi" title="African Union Mission in Burundi">AMIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Sudan" title="African Union Mission in Sudan">AMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MISCA" title="MISCA">MISCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialised agencies and institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the African Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Peer_Review_Mechanism" title="African Peer Review Mechanism">APRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_African_Union" title="Foreign relations of the African Union">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_African_Union" title="Enlargement of the African Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">United States Africa Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">United States military bases</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_ambassadors_to_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States ambassadors to the African Union">United States ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="African Union–Ethiopia relations">African Union–Ethiopia relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the African Union">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Let_Us_All_Unite_and_Celebrate_Together" title="Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_African_Union" title="Emblem of the African Union">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_African_Union" title="Flag of the African Union">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Passport" title="African Union Passport">Passport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_African_Union" title="Economy of the African Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks_of_Africa" title="List of central banks of Africa">Currencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gold_standard#Advocates" title="Gold standard">Gold standard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">NEPAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area" title="African Continental Free Trade Area">African Continental Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_African_Air_Transport_Market" title="Single African Air Transport Market">Single African Air Transport Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Day" title="Africa Day">Africa Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Border_Day" title="African Border Day">African Border Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Africa">Federal Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">United States of Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:African_Union" title="Category:African Union">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations321" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Commonwealth" title="Template talk:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a> (members)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries">Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_German_colonies_and_protectorates141" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Former_German_colonies" title="Template:Former German colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Former_German_colonies" title="Template talk:Former German colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Former_German_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Former German colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_German_colonies_and_protectorates141" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_German_colonies" title="List of former German colonies">Former German colonies and protectorates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/German_colonization_of_Africa" title="German colonization of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">East Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kionga_Triangle" title="Kionga Triangle">Kionga Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_South_West_Africa" title="German South West Africa">South West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_West_Africa" title="German West Africa">West Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neukamerun" title="Neukamerun">Neukamerun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapita%C3%AF_and_Koba" title="Kapitaï and Koba">Kapitaï and Koba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahinland" title="Mahinland">Mahinland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togoland" title="Togoland">Togoland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_New_Guinea" title="German New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Samoa" title="German Samoa">Samoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image plainlist" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Reichskolonialflagge.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the German colonial empire"><img alt="Flag of the German colonial empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reichskolonialflagge.svg/100px-Reichskolonialflagge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reichskolonialflagge.svg/150px-Reichskolonialflagge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reichskolonialflagge.svg/200px-Reichskolonialflagge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_zone#Concessions" title="International zone">Concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="China5" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Bay_Leased_Territory" title="Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory">Kiautschou Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Tsingtao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_concession_of_Tianjin" title="German concession of Tianjin">Tientsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrecognised</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Antarctica10" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Antarctica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a> (claimed by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Constitutional_Convention_call_signatories1029" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Constitutional_Convention_call_signatories" title="Template:World Constitutional Convention call signatories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Constitutional_Convention_call_signatories" title="Template talk:World Constitutional Convention call signatories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Constitutional_Convention_call_signatories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Constitutional Convention call signatories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Constitutional_Convention_call_signatories1029" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Constitutional_Convention" title="World Constitutional Convention">World Constitutional Convention</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Constitutional_Convention_call" class="mw-redirect" title="World Constitutional Convention call">call</a> signatories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_for_the_Federation_of_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution for the Federation of Earth">Constitution for the Federation of Earth</a> </li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Constitution_Coordinating_Committee" title="World Constitution Coordinating Committee">World Constitution Coordinating Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thane_Read" title="Thane Read">Thane Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Isely" title="Philip Isely">Philip Isely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Isely" title="Margaret Isely">Margaret Isely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Lloyd" title="Georgia Lloyd">Georgia Lloyd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanzania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of governments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_presidents" title="Lists of presidents">Presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Edgar Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica"><img alt="Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Orlich_Bolmarcich" title="Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich">Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica"><img alt="Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Figueres_Ferrer" title="José Figueres Ferrer">José Figueres Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania"><img alt="Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Léopold Sédar Senghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan" title="Ayub Khan">Muhammad Ayub Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica"><img alt="Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Otilio_Ulate_Blanco" title="Otilio Ulate Blanco">Otilio Ulate Blanco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice-presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya"><img alt="Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jaramogi_Oginga_Odinga" title="Jaramogi Oginga Odinga">Jaramogi Oginga Odinga</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Ministers">Prime Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone"><img alt="Sierra Leone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Milton_Margai" title="Milton Margai">Milton Margai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tetsu_Katayama" title="Tetsu Katayama">Tetsu Katayama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Governors" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors">Governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California"><img alt="California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/45px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Culbert_Olson" title="Culbert Olson">Culbert Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_Prefecture" title="Hiroshima Prefecture"><img alt="Hiroshima Prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hiroo_%C5%8Chara" title="Hiroo Ōhara">Hiroo Ōhara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mayors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayors">Mayors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Accra_Region" title="Greater Accra Region"><img alt="Greater Accra Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Greater_Accra_Region.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greater_Accra_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Greater_Accra_Region.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greater_Accra_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Greater_Accra_Region.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greater_Accra_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="202" /></a> <a href="/wiki/E.C._Quaye" class="mw-redirect" title="E.C. Quaye">E.C. Quaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_Prefecture" title="Hiroshima Prefecture"><img alt="Hiroshima Prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Setsuo_Yamada" title="Setsuo Yamada">Setsuo Yamada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_Prefecture" title="Hiroshima Prefecture"><img alt="Hiroshima Prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Hamai" title="Shinzo Hamai">Shinzo Hamai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Politicians">Politicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Berkhouwer" title="Cornelis Berkhouwer">Cornelis Berkhouwer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ebrahim_Haroon_Jaffer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Ebrahim Haroon Jaffer">Ahmed Ebrahim Haroon Jaffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kazami" title="Akira Kazami">Akira Kazami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/B._Satya_Narayan_Reddy" title="B. Satya Narayan Reddy">B. Satya Narayan Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chiyo_Sakakibara" title="Chiyo Sakakibara">Chiyo Sakakibara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Diwan_Chaman_Lall" title="Diwan Chaman Lall">Diwan Chaman Lall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ezequiel_Padilla_Pe%C3%B1aloza" title="Ezequiel Padilla Peñaloza">Ezequiel Padilla Peñaloza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Jahn" title="Gerhard Jahn">Gerhard Jahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hisato_Ichimada" title="Hisato Ichimada">Hisato Ichimada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Usborne" title="Henry Usborne">Henry Usborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ichir%C5%8D_Kiyose" title="Ichirō Kiyose">Ichirō Kiyose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Inder_Kumar_Gujral" title="Inder Kumar Gujral">Inder Kumar Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_de_Lipkowski" title="Irène de Lipkowski">Irène de Lipkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/John_Foster_(MP_for_Northwich)" title="John Foster (MP for Northwich)">John Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kanaiyalal_Maneklal_Munshi" title="Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi">Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kenz%C5%8D_Matsumura" title="Kenzō Matsumura">Kenzō Matsumura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Komla_Agbeli_Gbedemah" title="Komla Agbeli Gbedemah">Komla Agbeli Gbedemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Silkin,_1st_Baron_Silkin" title="Lewis Silkin, 1st Baron Silkin">Lewis Silkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/N._G._Ranga" title="N. G. Ranga">N. G. Ranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pascoal_Ranieri_Mazzilli" title="Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli">Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Wolrige-Gordon" title="Patrick Wolrige-Gordon">Patrick Wolrige-Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">William Beveridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious leader">Religious leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abb%C3%A9_Pierre" title="Abbé Pierre">Abbé Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_McLean_Greeley" title="Dana McLean Greeley">Dana McLean Greeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_MacLeod" title="George MacLeod">George MacLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Collins_(priest)" title="John Collins (priest)">John Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Niem%C3%B6ller" title="Martin Niemöller">Martin Niemöller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(priest)" title="Michael Scott (priest)">Michael Scott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel laureates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Alfred Kastler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._F._Powell" title="C. F. Powell">C. F. Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Hideki Yukawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemistry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a> (twice)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physiology or Medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Albert Szent-Györgyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Dickinson W. Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Hermann Joseph Muller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Macfarlane Burnet">Macfarlane Burnet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> (Chemistry & Peace)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scientists" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientists">Scientists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Price" title="Charles C. Price">Charles C. Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Condon" title="Edward Condon">Edward Condon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edris_Rice-Wray_Carson" title="Edris Rice-Wray Carson">Edris Rice-Wray Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow_Shapley" title="Harlow Shapley">Harlow Shapley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Orcel" title="Jean Orcel">Jean Orcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitirim_Sorokin" title="Pitirim Sorokin">Pitirim Sorokin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priyadaranjan_Ray" title="Priyadaranjan Ray">Priyadaranjan Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Dumont" title="René Dumont">René Dumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilder_Penfield" title="Wilder Penfield">Wilder Penfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_activists" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights activists">Human rights activists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Humanitarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanitarians">Humanitarians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_and_Magda_Trocm%C3%A9" title="André and Magda Trocmé">André and Magda Trocmé</a> (Righteous Among the Nations)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brock_Chisholm" title="Brock Chisholm">Brock Chisholm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veterans" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterans">Veterans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_B._Hester" title="Hugh B. Hester">Hugh B. Hester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varied Fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ernest_Bishop" title="Arthur Ernest Bishop">Arthur Ernest Bishop</a> (inventor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Alfaro_Siqueiros" title="David Alfaro Siqueiros">David Alfaro Siqueiros</a> (Social realist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._M._L._Odjidja" title="E. M. L. Odjidja">E. M. L. Odjidja</a> (teacher)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Sparling" title="Edward J. Sparling">Edward J. Sparling</a> (educator)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Kahler" title="Erich Kahler">Erich Kahler</a> (scholar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Bermann" title="Gregorio Bermann">Gregorio Bermann</a> (humanist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Piel" title="Gerard Piel">Gerard Piel</a> (science editor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Laugier" title="Henri Laugier">Henri Laugier</a> (scholar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_J._Schonfield" title="Hugh J. Schonfield">Hugh J. Schonfield</a> (scholar & pacifist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaoru_%C5%8Cta" title="Kaoru Ōta">Kaoru Ōta</a> (union leader)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Boyle" title="Kay Boyle">Kay Boyle</a> (writer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Morain" title="Lloyd Morain">Lloyd Morain</a> (humanist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Van_Doren" title="Mark Van Doren">Mark Van Doren</a> (writer & scholar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maur%C3%ADcio_Campos_de_Medeiros" title="Maurício Campos de Medeiros">Maurício Campos de Medeiros</a> (teacher)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Oscar Niemeyer</a> (architect)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cuchi_Hy%C5%8Dei" title="Ōuchi Hyōei">Ōuchi Hyōei</a> (economist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameshwari_Nehru" title="Rameshwari Nehru">Rameshwari Nehru</a> (social worker)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Gujral" title="Satish Gujral">Satish Gujral</a> (artist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigeri_Yamataka" title="Shigeri Yamataka">Shigeri Yamataka</a> (feminist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Wadia" title="Sophia Wadia">Sophia Wadia</a> (theosophist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Slotkin" title="Stanley Slotkin">Stanley Slotkin</a> (businessman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hall_(cultural_theorist)" title="Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)">Stuart Hall</a> (cultural theorist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaki_Uemura" title="Tamaki Uemura">Tamaki Uemura</a> (<a href="/wiki/YWCA" title="YWCA">YWCA</a> executive)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tano_J%C5%8Ddai" title="Tano Jōdai">Tano Jōdai</a> (teacher & pacifist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyohiko_Kagawa" title="Toyohiko Kagawa">Toyohiko Kagawa</a> (pacifist)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Committee_for_a_World_Constitutional_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention">World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_World_Parliament" title="Provisional World Parliament">Provisional World Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_constitution" title="World constitution">World constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_government" title="World government">World government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_federalism" class="mw-redirect" title="World federalism">World federalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.afb.org/HelenKellerArchive?a=d&d=A-HK01-07-B154-F05-028.1.4">[1]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.afb.org/HelenKellerArchive?a=d&d=A-HK01-07-B149-F04-022.1.3">[2]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.afb.org/HelenKellerArchive?a=d&d=A-HK01-07-B149-F04-022.1.8">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Emerging_World_Law.html?id=Qw-IOgAACAAJ">[4]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:World_Constitutional_Convention_call_signatories" title="Category:World Constitutional Convention call signatories">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2932" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2932" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121586299">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/131265957">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1210143/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgt4Pf4rtTk7Bvrf6gkDq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4078149-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80121275">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15238456g">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11995986z">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15238456g">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11995986z">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572706">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131040&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451594">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90574941">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=13180">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/fcrtstdz0wc8wwx">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007557220805171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/c2676abd-2ac7-351a-94a9-a802b3434737">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06096068?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/56324b1d-b528-442d-b965-f7f06c0d9200">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/CMfQvwv4">UK Parliament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028045521">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003469">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035672">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/tanzanya">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tanzania&params=6_S_35_E_">6°S 35°E / 6°S 35°E / -6; 35</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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