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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Medieval examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medieval_examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medieval examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medieval_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medieval_composers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_composers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Medieval composers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_composers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renaissance_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renaissance_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Renaissance 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aria-controls="toc-Baroque_examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Baroque examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Baroque_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-J._S._Bach's_compositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#J._S._Bach's_compositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>J. S. Bach's compositions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-J._S._Bach's_compositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_18th_century_-_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_18th_century_-_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Later 18th century - present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_18th_century_-_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Motet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%87" title="موتيه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موتيه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Матэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Матэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мотет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мотет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motet" title="Motet – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Motet" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motet" title="Motet – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Motet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteto" title="Moteto – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Moteto" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motet" title="Motet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Motet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motette" title="Motette – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Motette" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motett" title="Motett – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Motett" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Μοτέτο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοτέτο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motete" title="Motete – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Motete" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteto" title="Moteto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Moteto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motete" title="Motete – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Motete" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="سرود چندصدایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرود چندصدایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motet" title="Motet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Motet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3it%C3%A9it" title="Móitéit – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Móitéit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motete" title="Motete – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Motete" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%ED%85%8C%ED%8A%B8" title="모테트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모테트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Մոտետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոտետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motet" title="Motet – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Motet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteto" title="Moteto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Moteto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mottetto" title="Mottetto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mottetto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%98%D7%98" title="מוטט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוטט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მოტეტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოტეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motetus" title="Motetus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Motetus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motett" title="Motett – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Motett" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motetas" title="Motetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Motetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motetta" title="Motetta – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Motetta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="موتيت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موتيت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motet" title="Motet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Motet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%86%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="モテット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モテット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motett" title="Motett – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Motett" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motett" title="Motett – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Motett" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motet" title="Motet – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Motet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteto" title="Moteto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Moteto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motet" title="Motet – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Motet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мотет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мотет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motet" title="Motet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Motet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteto" title="Moteto – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Moteto" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motet" title="Motet – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Motet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мотет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мотет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motet" title="Motet – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Motet" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motetti" title="Motetti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Motetti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motett" title="Motett – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Motett" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95" title="โมเท็ต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โมเท็ต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мотет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мотет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_Motet" title="Bản Motet – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bản Motet" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motet" title="Motet – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Motet" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%96%87%E6%AD%8C" title="經文歌 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="經文歌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188285#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Der_Geist_hilft_unser_Schwachheit_auf.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Der_Geist_hilft_unser_Schwachheit_auf.JPEG/250px-Der_Geist_hilft_unser_Schwachheit_auf.JPEG" decoding="async" width="250" height="399" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Der_Geist_hilft_unser_Schwachheit_auf.JPEG/375px-Der_Geist_hilft_unser_Schwachheit_auf.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Der_Geist_hilft_unser_Schwachheit_auf.JPEG/500px-Der_Geist_hilft_unser_Schwachheit_auf.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="1355" data-file-height="2162" /></a><figcaption>The first page from the <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a> of <a href="/wiki/J._S._Bach" class="mw-redirect" title="J. S. Bach">J. S. Bach</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque music</a> era motet, entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Geist_hilft_unser_Schwachheit_auf,_BWV_226" title="Der Geist hilft unser Schwachheit auf, BWV 226">Der Geist hilft unser Schwachheit auf</a></i> (BWV226)</figcaption></figure> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Vocal musical composition in Western classical music</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Western_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Western classical music">Western classical music</a>, a <b>motet</b> is mainly a vocal musical composition, of highly diverse form and style, from high <a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">medieval music</a> to the present. The motet was one of the pre-eminent <a href="/wiki/Polyphonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphonic">polyphonic</a> forms of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a>. According to the English <a href="/wiki/Musicologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Musicologist">musicologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bent" title="Margaret Bent">Margaret Bent</a>, "a piece of music in several parts with words" is as precise a definition of the motet as will serve from the 13th to the late 16th century and beyond.<sup id="cite_ref-bent_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bent-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The late 13th-century theorist <a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Grocheo" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes de Grocheo">Johannes de Grocheo</a> believed that the motet was "not to be celebrated in the presence of common people, because they do not notice its subtlety, nor are they delighted in hearing it, but in the presence of the educated and of those who are seeking out subtleties in the arts".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 20th century, it was generally believed <i>motet</i> came from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>movere</i> (to move), though a derivation from the French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">mot</i></span> ("word", or "phrase") had also been suggested. The <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> for "motet" is <i>motectum</i>, and the Italian <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">mottetto</i></span> was also used.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the word is from Latin, the name describes the movement of the different voices against one another. Today, however, the French <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> is favoured by reference books, as the word "motet" in 13th-century French had the sense of "little word".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Trope_(music)" title="Trope (music)">troped</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Clausula_(music)" title="Clausula (music)">clausulas</a></i> that were the forerunner of the motet were originally called <i>motelli</i> (from the French <i>mot</i>, "word"), soon replaced by the term <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">moteti</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-NewGrove_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewGrove-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medieval_examples">Medieval examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Medieval examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_music" title="Category:Medieval music">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:140%;"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">Medieval music</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:orange"> Overview</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_composers" title="List of medieval composers">Composers</a>  / <a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_musical_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of medieval musical instruments">Instruments</a> / <a href="/wiki/Medieval_music_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval music theory">Theory</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_music_theorists" title="List of medieval music theorists">Theorists</a>)</div><hr /></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Movements and schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Gall" title="Abbey of Saint Gall">Saint Gall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Martial_school" title="Saint Martial school">Saint Martial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliard" class="mw-redirect" title="Goliard">Goliard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_antiqua" title="Ars antiqua">Ars antiqua</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_school" title="Notre-Dame school">Notre-Dame school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">Troubadour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trouv%C3%A8re" title="Trouvère">Trouvère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesang" title="Minnesang">Minnesang</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_nova" title="Ars nova">Ars nova</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Trecento" title="Music of the Trecento">Trecento</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_subtilior" title="Ars subtilior">Ars subtilior</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notker_the_Stammerer" title="Notker the Stammerer">Notker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_of_Arezzo" title="Guido of Arezzo">Guido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernart_de_Ventadorn" title="Bernart de Ventadorn">Bernart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_von_der_Vogelweide" title="Walther von der Vogelweide">Walther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rotin" title="Pérotin">Pérotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_de_la_Halle" title="Adam de la Halle">Adam de la Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_of_Cologne" title="Franco of Cologne">Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Vitry" title="Philippe de Vitry">de Vitry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Machaut" title="Guillaume de Machaut">Machaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Landini" title="Francesco Landini">Landini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ciconia" title="Johannes Ciconia">Ciconia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dunstaple" title="John Dunstaple">Dunstaple</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canso_(song)" title="Canso (song)">Canso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conductus" title="Conductus">Conductus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formes_fixes" title="Formes fixes">Formes fixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballade_(forme_fixe)" title="Ballade (forme fixe)">Ballade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondeau_(forme_fixe)" title="Rondeau (forme fixe)">Rondeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virelai" title="Virelai">Virelai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geisslerlieder" title="Geisslerlieder">Geisslerlied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_(poetic_form)" title="Lai (poetic form)">Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauda_(song)" title="Lauda (song)">Lauda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_drama" title="Liturgical drama">Liturgical drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrigal_(Trecento)" title="Madrigal (Trecento)">Madrigal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Motet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organum" title="Organum">Organum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planctus" title="Planctus">Planctus</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance music →</a></b></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medieval_music_sidebar" title="Template:Medieval music sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medieval_music_sidebar" title="Template talk:Medieval music sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval_music_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval music sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The earliest motets arose in the 13th century from the <i><a href="/wiki/Organum" title="Organum">organum</a></i> tradition exemplified in the <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_school" title="Notre-Dame school">Notre-Dame school</a> of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onin" title="Léonin">Léonin</a> and <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rotin" title="Pérotin">Pérotin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NewGrove_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewGrove-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motet probably arose from <a href="/wiki/Clausula_(music)" title="Clausula (music)">clausula</a> sections in a longer sequence of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">organum</i></span>. Clausulae represent brief sections of longer polyphonic settings of chant with a note-against-note texture. In some cases, these sections were composed independently and "substituted" for existing setting. These clausulae could then be "troped," or given new text in the upper part(s), creating motets.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From these first motets arose a <a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">medieval</a> tradition of <a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">secular</a> motets. These were two- to four-part compositions in which different texts, sometimes in different <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> languages, were sung simultaneously over a (usually Latin-texted) <i><a href="/wiki/Cantus_firmus" title="Cantus firmus">cantus firmus</a></i> usually adapted from a <a href="/wiki/Melisma" title="Melisma">melismatic</a> passage of <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a> on a single word or phrase. It is also increasingly argued that the term "motet" could in fact include certain brief single-voice songs.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The texts of upper voices include subjects as diverse as courtly love odes, pastoral encounters with shepherdesses, political attacks, and many Christian devotions, especially to the Virgin Mary. In many cases, the texts of the upper voices are related to the themes of the chant passage they elaborate on, even in cases where the upper voices are secular in content.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most medieval motets are anonymous compositions and significantly re-use music and text. They are transmitted in a number of contexts, and were most popular in northern France. The largest surviving collection is in the <a href="/wiki/Montpellier_Codex" title="Montpellier Codex">Montpellier Codex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Increasingly in the 14th and 15th centuries, motets made use of repetitive patterns often termed <a href="/wiki/Isorhythm" title="Isorhythm">panisorhythmic</a>; that is, they employed repeated rhythmic patterns in all voices—not only the <i>cantus firmus</i>—which did not necessarily coincide with repeating melodic patterns. <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Vitry" title="Philippe de Vitry">Philippe de Vitry</a> was one of the earliest composers to use this technique, and his work evidently had an influence on that of <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Machaut" title="Guillaume de Machaut">Guillaume de Machaut</a>, one of the most famous named composers of late medieval motets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_composers">Medieval composers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medieval composers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other medieval motet composers include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_de_la_Halle" title="Adam de la Halle">Adam de la Halle</a> (1237?–1288? or after 1306)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ciconia" title="Johannes Ciconia">Johannes Ciconia</a> (c. 1370–1412)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Du_Fay" title="Guillaume Du Fay">Guillaume Du Fay</a> (1397-1474)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dunstaple" title="John Dunstaple">John Dunstaple</a> (c. 1390–1453)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_of_Cologne" title="Franco of Cologne">Franco of Cologne</a> (fl. mid-13th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_da_Bologna" title="Jacopo da Bologna">Jacopo da Bologna</a> (fl. 1340–1385)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchetto_da_Padova" title="Marchetto da Padova">Marchetto da Padova</a> (fl. 1305–1319)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_de_Cruce" title="Petrus de Cruce">Petrus de Cruce</a> (fl. second half of the 13th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._de_Wycombe" title="W. de Wycombe">W. de Wycombe</a> (fl. 1270s)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Renaissance_examples">Renaissance examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Renaissance examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Renaissance_music" title="Category:Renaissance music">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:140%;"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:darkblue"> <span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Overview</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Renaissance_composers" title="List of Renaissance composers">Composers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Transition_from_Renaissance_to_Baroque_in_instrumental_music" title="Transition from Renaissance to Baroque in instrumental music">Transition to Baroque</a></div><hr /></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Movements and schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burgundian_School" title="Burgundian School">Burgundian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Flemish_School" title="Franco-Flemish School">Franco-Flemish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorist_(music)" title="Colorist (music)">Colorist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_Camerata" title="Florentine Camerata">Florentine Camerata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_School" title="Roman School">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_School_(music)" title="Venetian School (music)">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Virginalist_School" title="English Virginalist School">English Virginalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Madrigal_School" title="English Madrigal School">English Madrigal</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Du_Fay" title="Guillaume Du Fay">Du Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Binchois" title="Gilles Binchois">Binchois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ockeghem" title="Johannes Ockeghem">Ockeghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Busnois" title="Antoine Busnois">Busnois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Tinctoris" title="Johannes Tinctoris">Tinctoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josquin_des_Prez" title="Josquin des Prez">Josquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tallis" title="Thomas Tallis">Tallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gioseffo_Zarlino" title="Gioseffo Zarlino">Zarlino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Palestrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_di_Lasso" title="Orlando di Lasso">Lasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Byrd" title="William Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Luis_de_Victoria" title="Tomás Luis de Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Monteverdi" title="Claudio Monteverdi">Monteverdi</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthem" title="Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chanson" title="Chanson">Chanson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrigal" title="Madrigal">Madrigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">Mass</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Motet</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><div style="float: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">← Medieval music</a></b></div><div style="float: right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque music →</a></b></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Renaissance_music_sidebar" title="Template:Renaissance music sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Renaissance_music_sidebar" title="Template talk:Renaissance music sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Renaissance_music_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Renaissance music sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The compositional character of the motet changed entirely during the transition from medieval to <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a>, as most composers abandoned the use of a repeated figure as a <i>cantus firmus</i>. <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Dufay" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume Dufay">Guillaume Dufay</a> was a transitional figure in this regard, writing one of the last important motets in the medieval, isorhythmic style, <i><a href="/wiki/Nuper_rosarum_flores" title="Nuper rosarum flores">Nuper rosarum flores</a></i>, in 1436.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the second half of the fifteenth century Motets stretched the <i>cantus firmus</i> to greater lengths compared to the surrounding multi-voice counterpoint, adopting a technique of contemporary 'tenor masses'.<sup id="cite_ref-NewGrove2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewGrove2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This obscured the <i>cantus firmus</i> rhythm more than in medieval isorhythmic motets. Cascading, <a href="/wiki/Passing_chord" title="Passing chord">passing chords</a> created by the interplay of voices and the absence of an obvious beat distinguish medieval and renaissance motet styles. </p><p>Motet frequently used the texts of <a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">antiphons</a> and the Renaissance period marked the flowering of the form. The Renaissance motet is <a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">polyphonic</a>, sometimes with an imitative counterpoint, for a chorus singing a Latin and usually sacred text. It is not connected to a specific <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgy</a>, making it suitable for any service. </p><p>Motets were sacred <a href="/wiki/Madrigal_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrigal (music)">madrigals</a> and the language of the text was decisive: <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for a motet and the vernacular for a madrigal.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relationship between the forms is clearest in composers of sacred music, such as <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina</a>, whose "motets" setting texts from the <i><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Song of Solomon">Canticum Canticorum</a></i> are among the most lush and madrigal-like, while his madrigals using <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a>'s poems could be performed in a church. Religious compositions in vernacular languages were often called <i><a href="/wiki/Madrigale_spirituale" title="Madrigale spirituale">madrigali spirituali</a></i>, "spiritual madrigals". These Renaissance motets developed in episodic format with separate phrases of the text given independent melodic treatment and contrapuntal development. </p><p>Secular motets, known as "ceremonial motets",<sup id="cite_ref-blanche_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blanche-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> typically set a Latin text to praise a monarch, music or commemorate a triumph. The theme of <a href="/wiki/Courtly_love" title="Courtly love">courtly love</a>, often found in the medieval secular motet, was banished from the Renaissance motet. Ceremonial motets are characterised by clear articulation of formal structure and by clear diction, because the texts would be novel for the audience. <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Willaert" title="Adrian Willaert">Adrian Willaert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Senfl" title="Ludwig Senfl">Ludwig Senfl</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cipriano_de_Rore" title="Cipriano de Rore">Cipriano de Rore</a> are prominent composers of ceremonial motets from the first half of the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-blanche_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blanche-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renaissance_composers">Renaissance composers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Renaissance composers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The motet was one of the preeminent forms of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a>. Important composers of Renaissance motets include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 17em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Agricola" title="Alexander Agricola">Alexander Agricola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Binchois" title="Gilles Binchois">Gilles Binchois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Bo%C3%ABsset" title="Antoine Boësset">Antoine Boësset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Brumel" title="Antoine Brumel">Antoine Brumel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Busnois" title="Antoine Busnois">Antoine Busnois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Byrd" title="William Byrd">William Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Vodnianus_Campanus" title="Johannes Vodnianus Campanus">Johannes Vodnianus Campanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Certon" title="Pierre Certon">Pierre Certon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Clemens_non_Papa" title="Jacobus Clemens non Papa">Jacobus Clemens non Papa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyset_Comp%C3%A8re" title="Loyset Compère">Loyset Compère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crecquillon" title="Thomas Crecquillon">Thomas Crecquillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josquin_des_Prez" title="Josquin des Prez">Josquin des Prez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dunstaple" title="John Dunstaple">John Dunstaple</a></li> <li>François-<a href="/wiki/Eustache_Du_Caurroy" title="Eustache Du Caurroy">Eustache Du Caurroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_F%C3%A9vin" title="Antoine de Févin">Antoine de Févin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Gesualdo" title="Carlo Gesualdo">Carlo Gesualdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Gombert" title="Nicolas Gombert">Nicolas Gombert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Guerrero_(composer)" title="Francisco Guerrero (composer)">Francisco Guerrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Isaac" title="Heinrich Isaac">Heinrich Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Le_Jeune" title="Claude Le Jeune">Claude Le Jeune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_La_Rue" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre de La Rue">Pierre de La Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlande_de_Lassus" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlande de Lassus">Orlande de Lassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Maillard" title="Jean Maillard">Jean Maillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_de_Morales" title="Cristóbal de Morales">Cristóbal de Morales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Moulini%C3%A9" title="Étienne Moulinié">Étienne Moulinié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Mouton" title="Jean Mouton">Jean Mouton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Obrecht" title="Jacob Obrecht">Jacob Obrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ockeghem" title="Johannes Ockeghem">Johannes Ockeghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Pevernage" title="Andreas Pevernage">Andreas Pevernage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucrezia_Orsina_Vizzana" title="Lucrezia Orsina Vizzana">Lucrezia Orsina Vizzana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Peerson" title="Martin Peerson">Martin Peerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tallis" title="Thomas Tallis">Thomas Tallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taverner" title="John Taverner">John Taverner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carver_(composer)" title="Robert Carver (composer)">Robert Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Luis_de_Victoria" title="Tomás Luis de Victoria">Tomás Luis de Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cardoso_(composer)" title="Manuel Cardoso (composer)">Manuel Cardoso</a></li></ul> </div> <p>In the latter part of the 16th century, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gabrieli" title="Giovanni Gabrieli">Giovanni Gabrieli</a> and other composers developed a new style, the <a href="/wiki/Polychoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Polychoral">polychoral</a> motet, in which two or more <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choirs</a> of singers (or instruments) alternated. This style of motet was sometimes called the <i>Venetian motet</i> to distinguish it from the <i>Netherlands</i> or <i>Flemish</i> motet written elsewhere. "<a href="/wiki/If_Ye_Love_Me" class="mw-redirect" title="If Ye Love Me">If Ye Love Me</a>" by Thomas Tallis serves the demand of the Church of England for English texts, and a focus on understanding the words, beginning in <a href="/wiki/Homophony" title="Homophony">homophony</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baroque_examples">Baroque examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Baroque examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque music</a>, especially in France where the motet was very important, there were two distinct, and very different types of motet: <i>petits motets</i>, sacred choral or chamber compositions whose only accompaniment was a <a href="/wiki/Basso_continuo" title="Basso continuo">basso continuo</a>; and <i><a href="/wiki/Grands_motets" class="mw-redirect" title="Grands motets">grands motets</a></i>, which included massed choirs and instruments up to and including a full orchestra. <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Richard_Delalande" title="Michel Richard Delalande">Michel Richard de Lalande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Charpentier" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier">Marc-Antoine Charpentier</a> were important composers of this sort of motet. Their motets often included parts for soloists as well as choirs; they were longer, including multiple movements in which different soloist, choral, or instrumental forces were employed. Lully's motets also continued the Renaissance tradition of semi-secular Latin motets in works such as <i><a href="/wiki/Plaude_Laetare_Gallia" title="Plaude Laetare Gallia">Plaude Laetare Gallia</a></i>, written to celebrate the baptism of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a>'s son; its text by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Perrin" title="Pierre Perrin">Pierre Perrin</a> begins: </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p><i>Plaude laetare Gallia</i><br /> <i>Rore caelesti rigantur lilia,</i><br /> <i>Sacro Delphinus fonte lavatur</i><br /> <i>Et christianus Christo dicatur.</i> </p> </div><p> ("Rejoice and sing, France: the lily is bathed with heavenly dew. The <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin</a> is bathed in the sacred font, and the Christian is dedicated to Christ.")</p></blockquote> <p>In France, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Robert_(composer)" title="Pierre Robert (composer)">Pierre Robert</a> (24 grands motets), <a href="/wiki/Henri_Dumont" title="Henri Dumont">Henry Dumont</a> (grands & petits motets), Marc-Antoine Charpentier (206 different types of motets), <a href="/wiki/Michel_Richard_Delalande" title="Michel Richard Delalande">Michel-Richard de La Lande</a> (70 grands motets), <a href="/wiki/Henri_Desmarets" title="Henri Desmarets">Henry Desmarest</a> (20 grands motets), <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Couperin" title="François Couperin">François Couperin</a> (motets lost), <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bernier" title="Nicolas Bernier">Nicolas Bernier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Campra" title="André Campra">André Campra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles-Hubert_Gervais" title="Charles-Hubert Gervais">Charles-Hubert Gervais</a> (42 grands motets), <a href="/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Cl%C3%A9rambault" title="Louis-Nicolas Clérambault">Louis-Nicolas Clérambault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Giroust" title="François Giroust">François Giroust</a> (70 grands motets) were also important composers. In Germany, too, pieces called motets were written in the new musical languages of the Baroque. <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Sch%C3%BCtz" title="Heinrich Schütz">Heinrich Schütz</a> wrote many motets in series of publications, for example three books of <a href="/wiki/Symphoniae_sacrae_I" title="Symphoniae sacrae I">Symphoniae sacrae</a>, some in Latin and some in German. <a href="/wiki/Hans_Leo_Hassler" title="Hans Leo Hassler">Hans Leo Hassler</a> composed motets such as <i><a href="/wiki/Dixit_Maria" title="Dixit Maria">Dixit Maria</a></i>, on which he also based a mass composition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="J._S._Bach's_compositions"><span id="J._S._Bach.27s_compositions"></span>J. S. Bach's compositions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: J. S. Bach's compositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_motets_by_Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="List of motets by Johann Sebastian Bach">List of motets by Johann Sebastian Bach</a></div> <p>Six motets attributed to <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> and catalogued BWV 225–230 are relatively long pieces combining German hymns with biblical texts, several of them composed for funerals. Mostly written in <i><a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a></i> style, <i><a href="/wiki/Basso_continuo" title="Basso continuo">basso continuo</a></i>, with instruments playing <a href="/wiki/Colla_parte" class="mw-redirect" title="Colla parte">colla parte</a>, several of them composed for funerals. The first five, for double chorus, are almost certainly composed by Bach and are written in <i><a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a></i> style, though strings and oboes appear to have accompanied <a href="/wiki/Colla_parte" class="mw-redirect" title="Colla parte">colla parte</a>. <i>Lobet dem Herrn</i> is for <a href="/wiki/SATB" title="SATB">SATB</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/Basso_continuo" title="Basso continuo">basso continuo</a></i>. </p> <ul><li>BWV 225 <i><a href="/wiki/Singet_dem_Herrn_ein_neues_Lied,_BWV_225" title="Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied, BWV 225">Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied</a></i> (1726)</li> <li>BWV 226 <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Geist_hilft_unser_Schwachheit_auf,_BWV_226" title="Der Geist hilft unser Schwachheit auf, BWV 226">Der Geist hilft unser Schwachheit auf</a></i> (1729)</li> <li>BWV 227 <i><a href="/wiki/Jesu,_meine_Freude,_BWV_227" title="Jesu, meine Freude, BWV 227">Jesu, meine Freude</a></i></li> <li>BWV 228 <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrchte_dich_nicht,_BWV_228" title="Fürchte dich nicht, BWV 228">Fürchte dich nicht</a></i></li> <li>BWV 229 <i><a href="/wiki/Komm,_Jesu,_komm,_BWV_229" title="Komm, Jesu, komm, BWV 229">Komm, Jesu, komm</a></i> (1730?)</li> <li>BWV 230 <i><a href="/wiki/Lobet_den_Herrn,_alle_Heiden,_BWV_230" title="Lobet den Herrn, alle Heiden, BWV 230">Lobet den Herrn, alle Heiden</a></i> (?)</li></ul> <p>The funeral <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bach_cantatas" title="List of Bach cantatas">cantata</a> <a href="/wiki/O_Jesu_Christ,_meins_Lebens_Licht,_BWV_118" title="O Jesu Christ, meins Lebens Licht, BWV 118"><i>O Jesu Christ, meins Lebens Licht</i>, BWV 118</a> (1736–37?) is regarded as a motet, though it has independent instrumental parts. The motet <a href="/wiki/Sei_Lob_und_Preis_mit_Ehren,_BWV_231" class="mw-redirect" title="Sei Lob und Preis mit Ehren, BWV 231"><i>Sei Lob und Preis mit Ehren</i>, BWV 231</a> is an arrangement of a movement from Bach's Cantata 28, and the authenticity of the arrangement is not certain. For a few more motets, such as <a href="/wiki/Ich_lasse_dich_nicht,_BWV_Anh_159" class="mw-redirect" title="Ich lasse dich nicht, BWV Anh 159"><i>Ich lasse dich nicht</i>, BWV Anh 159</a>, Bach's authorship is debated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_18th_century_-_present">Later 18th century - present</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later 18th century - present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Later 18th-century composers wrote few motets. <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Friedrich_Bach" title="Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach">Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach</a> composed an extended <a href="/wiki/Chorale_motet" title="Chorale motet">chorale motet</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Wachet_auf,_ruft_uns_die_Stimme_(J._C._F._Bach)" title="Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme (J. C. F. Bach)">Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme</a></i>, combining Baroque techniques with the <a href="/wiki/Galant_style" title="Galant style">galant style</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart's</a> <a href="/wiki/Ave_verum_corpus_(Mozart)" title="Ave verum corpus (Mozart)">Ave verum corpus</a> (K. 618) is this genre. <a href="/wiki/Jean-Philippe_Rameau" title="Jean-Philippe Rameau">Rameau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph_de_Mondonville" title="Jean-Joseph de Mondonville">Mondonville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Giroust" title="François Giroust">Giroust</a> also wrote grands motets. </p><p>In the 19th century, some German composers continued to write motets. <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a> composed <i><a href="/wiki/Jauchzet_dem_Herrn,_alle_Welt_(Mendelssohn)" title="Jauchzet dem Herrn, alle Welt (Mendelssohn)">Jauchzet dem Herrn, alle Welt</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Denn_er_hat_seinen_Engeln_befohlen" title="Denn er hat seinen Engeln befohlen">Denn er hat seinen Engeln befohlen</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mitten_wir_im_Leben_sind_(Mendelssohn)" title="Mitten wir im Leben sind (Mendelssohn)">Mitten wir im Leben sind</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a> composed three motets on biblical verses, <i><a href="/wiki/Fest-_und_Gedenkspr%C3%BCche" title="Fest- und Gedenksprüche">Fest- und Gedenksprüche</a></i>. Josef Rheinberger composed <i><a href="/wiki/Abendlied_(Rheinberger)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abendlied (Rheinberger)">Abendlied</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Anton Bruckner</a> composed about 40 <a href="/wiki/Motets_(Bruckner)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motets (Bruckner)">motets</a>, mainly in Latin, including <i><a href="/wiki/Locus_iste_(Bruckner)" title="Locus iste (Bruckner)">Locus iste</a></i>. French composers of motets include <a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Camille Saint-Saëns</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">César Franck</a>. In English similar compositions are called <a href="/wiki/Anthem" title="Anthem">anthems</a>. Some later English composers, such as <a href="/wiki/Charles_Villiers_Stanford" title="Charles Villiers Stanford">Charles Villiers Stanford</a>, wrote <a href="/wiki/Three_Latin_Motets" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Latin Motets">motets in Latin</a>. Most of these compositions are <a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a> and some, such as <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a>'s three motets Op. 2, are accompanied by organ. </p><p>In the 20th century, composers of motets have often consciously imitated earlier styles. In 1920, Ralph Vaughan Williams composed <i><a href="/wiki/O_clap_your_hands_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="O clap your hands (Vaughan Williams)">O clap your hands</a></i>, a setting of verses from <a href="/wiki/Psalm_47" title="Psalm 47">Psalm 47</a> for a four-part choir, organ, brass, and percussion, called a motet. <a href="/wiki/Carl_Nielsen" title="Carl Nielsen">Carl Nielsen</a> set in <i><a href="/wiki/Tre_Motetter" title="Tre Motetter">Tre Motetter</a></i> three verses from different psalms as motets, first performed in 1930. Francis Poulenc set several Latin texts as motets, first <i><a href="/wiki/Quatre_motets_pour_un_temps_de_p%C3%A9nitence" title="Quatre motets pour un temps de pénitence">Quatre motets pour un temps de pénitence</a></i> (1938). <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Durufl%C3%A9" title="Maurice Duruflé">Maurice Duruflé</a> composed <i><a href="/wiki/Quatre_Motets_sur_des_th%C3%A8mes_gr%C3%A9goriens" title="Quatre Motets sur des thèmes grégoriens">Quatre Motets sur des thèmes grégoriens</a></i> in 1960, and <i><a href="/wiki/Notre_P%C3%A8re" title="Notre Père">Notre Père</a></i> in 1977. Other examples include works by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Villiers_Stanford" title="Charles Villiers Stanford">Charles Villiers Stanford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Rubbra" title="Edmund Rubbra">Edmund Rubbra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lennox_Berkeley" title="Lennox Berkeley">Lennox Berkeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morten_Lauridsen" title="Morten Lauridsen">Morten Lauridsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Distler" title="Hugo Distler">Hugo Distler</a>, <a href="/wiki/F._Melius_Christiansen" title="F. Melius Christiansen">F. Melius Christiansen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenek" title="Ernst Krenek">Ernst Krenek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Finnissy" title="Michael Finnissy">Michael Finnissy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Jenkins" title="Karl Jenkins">Karl Jenkins</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arvo_P%C3%A4rt" title="Arvo Pärt">Arvo Pärt</a> has composed motets, including <i><a href="/wiki/Da_pacem_Domine" title="Da pacem Domine">Da pacem Domine</a></i> in 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as have <a href="/wiki/Dave_Soldier" class="mw-redirect" title="Dave Soldier">Dave Soldier</a> (Motet: Harmonies of the World, with rules from Johannes Kepler), <a href="/wiki/Sven-David_Sandstr%C3%B6m" title="Sven-David Sandström">Sven-David Sandström</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Enjott_Schneider" title="Enjott Schneider">Enjott Schneider</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ludger_St%C3%BChlmeyer" title="Ludger Stühlmeyer">Ludger Stühlmeyer</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pincemaille" title="Pierre Pincemaille">Pierre Pincemaille</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bent-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bent_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margaret Bent, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_UmMn1EgB7IC&pg=PA114">The Late-Medieval Motet</a>" in <i>Companion to Medieval & Renaissance Music</i>, edited by Tess Knighton and David Fallows, 114–19 (<a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley, California</a>: University of California Press, 1992): 114. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520210813" title="Special:BookSources/9780520210813">9780520210813</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johannes de Grocheio, <i>Ars Musice</i>, edited and translated by Constant J. Mews, John N. Crossley, Catherine Jeffreys, Leigh McKinnon, and Carol J. Williams; TEAMS Varia (Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, 2011): 85 [section 19.2]. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781580441643" title="Special:BookSources/9781580441643">9781580441643</a> (cloth); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781580441650" title="Special:BookSources/9781580441650">9781580441650</a> (pbk).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Henry_Grattan_Flood1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">William Henry Grattan Flood (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Motet"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Motet">"Motet" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Motet&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.au=William+Henry+Grattan+Flood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-motet" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=motet">"motet"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=motet&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3Dmotet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span> entry "Motet".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willi Apel, “Motet”, <i>Harvard Dictionary of Music</i>, second edition (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1969). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0674375017" title="Special:BookSources/0674375017">0674375017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Peter Burkholder, Donald Jay Grout, and Claude V. Palisca <i>A History of Western Music</i>, eighth edition (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2010): 102. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-93125-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-93125-9">978-0-393-93125-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jerome Roche and Elizabeth Roche. "Motet". <i>The Oxford Companion to Music</i>, edited by Alison Latham (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866212-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866212-9">978-0-19-866212-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewGrove-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NewGrove_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewGrove_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernest H. Sanders and Peter M. Lefferts, "Motet, §I: Middle Ages", <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i>, second edition, edited by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(musicologist)" title="John Tyrrell (musicologist)">John Tyrrell</a> (London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlotzinger2001" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Flotzinger" title="Rudolf Flotzinger">Flotzinger, Rudolf</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000005897">"Clausula"</a>. <i>Grove Music Online</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.05897">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.05897</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0"><bdi>978-1-56159-263-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.atitle=Clausula&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.05897&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-263-0&rft.aulast=Flotzinger&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fgrovemusic%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.001.0001%2Fomo-9781561592630-e-0000005897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeraino2001" class="citation journal cs1">Peraino, Judith (2001). "Monophonic Motets: Sampling and Grafting in the Middle Ages". <i>Musical Quarterly</i>. <b>85</b> (4): 644–680. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmq%2F85.4.644">10.1093/mq/85.4.644</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Musical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Monophonic+Motets%3A+Sampling+and+Grafting+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=644-680&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmq%2F85.4.644&rft.aulast=Peraino&rft.aufirst=Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoekstra1998" class="citation journal cs1">Hoekstra, Gerald R. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/2886871">"The French Motet as Trope: Multiple Levels of Meaning in Quant florist la violete / El mois de mai / Et gaudebit"</a>. <i>Speculum</i>. <b>73</b> (1): 32–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2886871">10.2307/2886871</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0038-7134">0038-7134</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2886871">2886871</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162143719">162143719</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.atitle=The+French+Motet+as+Trope%3A+Multiple+Levels+of+Meaning+in+Quant+florist+la+violete+%2F+El+mois+de+mai+%2F+Et+gaudebit&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=32-57&rft.date=1998&rft.issn=0038-7134&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162143719%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2886871%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2886871&rft.aulast=Hoekstra&rft.aufirst=Gerald+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2F10.2307%2F2886871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolinski1992" class="citation journal cs1">Wolinski, Mary E. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/853818">"The Compilation of the Montpellier Codex"</a>. <i>Early Music History</i>. <b>11</b>: 263–301. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0261127900001248">10.1017/S0261127900001248</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-1279">0261-1279</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/853818">853818</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:193246052">193246052</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Early+Music+History&rft.atitle=The+Compilation+of+the+Montpellier+Codex&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=263-301&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=0261-1279&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A193246052%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F853818%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0261127900001248&rft.aulast=Wolinski&rft.aufirst=Mary+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F853818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Robertson_(music_critic)" title="Alec Robertson (music critic)">Alec Robertson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denis_Stevens" title="Denis Stevens">Denis Stevens</a>, eds., <i>A History of Music</i>, Volume 2 (New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1965), 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edgar H. Sparks, Cantus Firmus in Mass and Motet 1420–1520 (New York: Da Capo Press, 1975), 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewGrove2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NewGrove2_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leeman L. Perkins and Patrick Macey, "Motet, §II: Renaissance", <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i>, second edition, edited by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(musicologist)" title="John Tyrrell (musicologist)">John Tyrrell</a> (London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Hilliard_Ensemble" title="Hilliard Ensemble">Hilliard Ensemble</a>, <i>Palestrina: Canticum canticorum, Motets Book IV; Spiritual madrigals</i> (Virgin Classics, 1994; sound recording liner notes)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blanche-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blanche_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blanche_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blanche Gangwere, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v5Oz7vPCQXoC">Music History During the Renaissance Period, 1520–1550</a></i> (Westport, CT, Praeger Publishers: 2004), pp. 451–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>19 motets for mixed voices a cappella</i>. Boosey & Hawkes 2014, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78454-028-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78454-028-9">978-1-78454-028-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Da pacem Domine</i> (2006). In: <i>Cantica nova. Zeitgenössische Chormusik für den Gottesdienst</i>. Choirbook of the ACV, Regensburg/Passau 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-00-039887-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-00-039887-2">978-3-00-039887-2</a>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vdkc.de/cms/index.php/choere/aktuelles-aus-den-choeren/715-kammerchor-hannover-bach-vs-sandstroem-motetten-und-fotografien">Kammerchor Hannover "Bach vs. Sandström" (2014)</a> <a href="/wiki/Verband_Deutscher_Konzertch%C3%B6re" title="Verband Deutscher Konzertchöre">Verband Deutscher Konzertchöre</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Gott hat uns nicht gegeben</i> (2007) and <i>Komm, Heiliger Geist</i> (2002). In: <i>Cantica nova. Zeitgenössische Chormusik für den Gottesdienst</i>. Choirbook of the ACV, Regensburg/Passau 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-00-039887-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-00-039887-2">978-3-00-039887-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Veni Creator Spiritus</i> (2012), motet for choir SATB. In: <i>Cantica nova. Zeitgenössische Chormusik für den Gottesdienst</i>. Choirbook of the ACV, Regensburg/Passau 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-00-039887-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-00-039887-2">978-3-00-039887-2</a>. <i>With Hearts Renewed</i> (2017), motet for choir and instruments. Dedicatet to the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral">Westminster Cathedral</a> Choir of London. <i>Hymn</i> (2017), motet for choir a cappella SSAATTBB, lyrics from a poem by <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>. Dedicated to Matthias Grünert, the cantor of the <a href="/wiki/Frauenkirche_Dresden" class="mw-redirect" title="Frauenkirche Dresden">Frauenkirche Dresden</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Three motets (Pater Noster; Ave Maria; Ave Verum), published with A coeur joie editions: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edacj.musicanet.org/product_info.php?products_id=4672&language=en&osCsid=5396f6774fbc793d8f65649438fbb53e">Website of <i>A coeur joie</i> editions</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anderson, Michael Alan. <i>St. Anne in Renaissance Music: Devotion and Politics.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.</li> <li>Cumming, Julie E. <i>The Motet in the Age of Dufay.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.</li> <li>Favier, Thierry, <i>Le Motet à grand chœur (1660–1792): Gloria in Gallia Deo.</i> Paris: Fayard, 2009.</li> <li>Fitch, Fabrice, <i>Renaissance Polyphony.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite">Hartt, Jared C., ed., <i>A Critical Companion to Medieval Motets</i>. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78327-307-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78327-307-2">978-1-78327-307-2</a>.</cite></li> <li>Lincoln, Harry B. <i>The Latin Motet: Indexes to Printed Collections, 1500–1600</i> Institute of Medieval Music, 1993.</li> <li>Melamed, Daniel R., <i>J. S. Bach and the German Motet.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.</li> <li>Nosow, Robert, <i>Ritual Meanings in the Fifteenth-Century Motet.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.</li> <li>Pesce, Dolores, ed., <i>Hearing the Motet: Essays on the Motet of the Middle Ages and Renaissance</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.</li> <li>Rice, John A., <i>Saint Cecilia in the Renaissance: The Emergence of a Musical Icon</i> Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022.</li> <li>Rodríguez-Garcia, Esperanza, and Daniele V. Filippi, eds, <i>Mapping the Motet in the Post-Tridentine Era.</i> Abingdon: Routledge, 2019</li> <li>Schmidt, Thomas, <i>The Motet around 1500: On the Relationship between Imitation and Text Treatment.</i> Turnhout: Brepols, 2012.</li> <li>Zazulia, Emily, <i>Where Sight Meets Sound: The Poetics of Late-Medieval Music Writing.</i> New York: Oxford University Press, 2021</li> <li>Zayaruznaya, Anna, <i>The Monstrous New Art: Divided Forms in the Late Medieval Motet.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arts.ufl.edu/motet/default.asp">Motet online database</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medieval_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medieval_music" title="Template:Medieval music"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medieval_music" title="Template talk:Medieval music"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval music"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medieval_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">Medieval music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_composers" title="List of medieval composers">List of composers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_music_theorists" title="List of medieval music theorists">List of music theorists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_musical_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of medieval musical instruments">List of musical instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#Early_medieval_music_(500–1000)" title="Medieval music">Early (before 1150)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Gall" title="Abbey of Saint Gall">Abbey of Saint Gall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notker_the_Stammerer" title="Notker the Stammerer">Notker the Stammerer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuotilo" title="Tuotilo">Tuotilo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Stephen of Liège">Stephen of Liège</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Hucbald" title="Hucbald">Hucbald</a>*</span></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Cluny" title="Odo of Cluny">Odo of Cluny</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulbert_of_Chartres" title="Fulbert of Chartres">Fulbert of Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriger_of_Lobbes" title="Heriger of Lobbes">Heriger of Lobbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Martial_school" title="Saint Martial school">Saint Martial school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9mar_de_Chabannes" title="Adémar de Chabannes">Adémar de Chabannes</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Arezzo" title="Odo of Arezzo">Odo of Arezzo</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notker_Physicus" title="Notker Physicus">Notker Physicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godric_of_Finchale" title="Godric of Finchale">St. Godric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Peter Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_of_Saint_Victor" title="Adam of Saint Victor">Adam of Saint Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_the_Cantor" title="Wulfstan the Cantor">Wulfstan the Cantor</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wipo_of_Burgundy" title="Wipo of Burgundy">Wipo of Burgundy</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#High_medieval_music_(1000–1300)" title="Medieval music">High (1150–1300)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_antiqua" title="Ars antiqua">Ars antiqua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_school" title="Notre-Dame school">Notre-Dame school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Parisiensis" title="Albertus Parisiensis">Albertus Parisiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onin" title="Léonin">Léonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rotin" title="Pérotin">Pérotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Chancellor" title="Philip the Chancellor">Philippe le Chancelier</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Petrus_de_Cruce" title="Petrus de Cruce">Petrus de Cruce</a>*</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">Troubadour</a><br />& <a href="/wiki/Trobairitz" title="Trobairitz">Trobairitz</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimeric_de_Peguilhan" title="Aimeric de Peguilhan">Aimeric de Peguilhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaut_Daniel" title="Arnaut Daniel">Arnaut Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaut_de_Mareuil" title="Arnaut de Mareuil">Arnaut de Mareuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernart_de_Ventadorn" title="Bernart de Ventadorn">Bernart de Ventadorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertran_de_Born" title="Bertran de Born">Bertran de Born</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelloza" title="Castelloza">Castelloza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerver%C3%AD_de_Girona" title="Cerverí de Girona">Cerverí de Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comtessa_de_Dia" title="Comtessa de Dia">Comtessa de Dia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folquet_de_Marselha" title="Folquet de Marselha">Folquet de Marselha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaucelm_Faidit" title="Gaucelm Faidit">Gaucelm Faidit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giraut_de_Bornelh" title="Giraut de Bornelh">Giraut de Bornelh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiraut_Riquier" title="Guiraut Riquier">Guiraut Riquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaufre_Rudel" title="Jaufre Rudel">Jaufre Rudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcabru" title="Marcabru">Marcabru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_d%27Alvernha" class="mw-redirect" title="Peire d'Alvernha">Peire d'Alvernha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_Cardenal" title="Peire Cardenal">Peire Cardenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_Vidal" title="Peire Vidal">Peire Vidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peirol" title="Peirol">Peirol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdigon" title="Perdigon">Perdigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimbaut_d%27Aurenga" title="Raimbaut d'Aurenga">Raimbaut d'Aurenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimbaut_de_Vaqueiras" title="Raimbaut de Vaqueiras">Raimbaut de Vaqueiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimon_de_Miravalh" class="mw-redirect" title="Raimon de Miravalh">Raimon de Miravalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sordello" title="Sordello">Sordello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IX,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William IX, Duke of Aquitaine">William IX, Duke of Aquitaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_troubadours_and_trobairitz" title="List of troubadours and trobairitz">Other troubadours and trobairitz...</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trouv%C3%A8re" title="Trouvère">Trouvère</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_de_la_Halle" title="Adam de la Halle">Adam de la Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrieu_Contredit_d%27Arras" title="Andrieu Contredit d'Arras">Andrieu Contredit d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audefroi_le_Bastart" title="Audefroi le Bastart">Audefroi le Bastart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blondel_de_Nesle" title="Blondel de Nesle">Blondel de Nesle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chastelain_de_Couci" title="Le Chastelain de Couci">Le Chastelain de Couci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Muset" title="Colin Muset">Colin Muset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conon_de_B%C3%A9thune" title="Conon de Béthune">Conon de Béthune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gace_Brul%C3%A9" title="Gace Brulé">Gace Brulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_de_Coincy" title="Gautier de Coincy">Gautier de Coincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_de_Dargies" title="Gautier de Dargies">Gautier de Dargies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_d%27Espinal" title="Gautier d'Espinal">Gautier d'Espinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillebert_de_Berneville" title="Gillebert de Berneville">Gillebert de Berneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gontier_de_Soignies" title="Gontier de Soignies">Gontier de Soignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_le_Vinier" title="Guillaume le Vinier">Guillaume le Vinier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiot_de_Dijon" title="Guiot de Dijon">Guiot de Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Bretel" title="Jehan Bretel">Jehan Bretel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Erart" title="Jehan Erart">Jehan Erart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_le_Cuvelier_d%27Arras" title="Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras">Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moniot_d%27Arras" title="Moniot d'Arras">Moniot d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin_d%27Angicourt" title="Perrin d'Angicourt">Perrin d'Angicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_R%C3%A9mi_(died_1265)" title="Philippe de Rémi (died 1265)">Philippe de Rémi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_de_Soissons" title="Raoul de Soissons">Raoul de Soissons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trouv%C3%A8re#List_of_trouvères" title="Trouvère">Other trouvères...</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casella_(Divine_Comedy)" title="Casella (Divine Comedy)">Casella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliard" class="mw-redirect" title="Goliard">Goliards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesang" title="Minnesang">Minnesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese_lyric" title="Galician-Portuguese lyric">Galician-Portuguese lyric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician-Portuguese_troubadours" title="List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours">List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#Late_medieval_music_(1300–1400)" title="Medieval music">Late (1300–1400)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_nova" title="Ars nova">Ars nova</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Andrieu" title="F. Andrieu">F. Andrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Le_Grant" title="Denis Le Grant">Denis Le Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_Franciscus" title="Magister Franciscus">Magister Franciscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimace_(composer)" title="Grimace (composer)">Grimace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_de_Lescurel" title="Jehan de Lescurel">Jehan de Lescurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Machaut" title="Guillaume de Machaut">Guillaume de Machaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._des_Molins" title="P. des Molins">P. des Molins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Vaillant" title="Jehan Vaillant">Jehan Vaillant</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Vitry" title="Philippe de Vitry">Philippe de Vitry</a>*</span></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Trecento" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Trecento" title="Music of the Trecento">Trecento</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Predecessors" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marchetto_da_Padova" title="Marchetto da Padova">Marchetto da Padova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_da_Cascia" title="Giovanni da Cascia">Giovanni da Cascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_da_Bologna" title="Jacopo da Bologna">Jacopo da Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maestro_Piero" title="Maestro Piero">Maestro Piero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_da_Rimini" title="Vincenzo da Rimini">Vincenzo da Rimini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_de_Florentia" title="Andreas de Florentia">Andreas de Florentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donato_da_Cascia" title="Donato da Cascia">Donato da Cascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Landini" title="Francesco Landini">Francesco Landini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gherardello_da_Firenze" title="Gherardello da Firenze">Gherardello da Firenze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_da_Firenze" title="Lorenzo da Firenze">Lorenzo da Firenze</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_da_Firenze" title="Paolo da Firenze">Paolo da Firenze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartolino_da_Padova" title="Bartolino da Padova">Bartolino da Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonello_da_Caserta" title="Antonello da Caserta">Antonello da Caserta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ciconia" title="Johannes Ciconia">Johannes Ciconia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_da_Perugia" title="Matteo da Perugia">Matteo da Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Mazzuoli" title="Giovanni Mazzuoli">Giovanni Mazzuoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grazioso_da_Padova" title="Grazioso da Padova">Grazioso da Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_da_Perugia" title="Niccolò da Perugia">Niccolò da Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippus_de_Caserta" title="Philippus de Caserta">Philippus de Caserta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Omer" title="Sant Omer">Sant Omer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacara_da_Teramo" title="Zacara da Teramo">Zacara da Teramo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_subtilior" title="Ars subtilior">Ars subtilior</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borlet" title="Borlet">Borlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippus_de_Caserta" title="Philippus de Caserta">Philippus de Caserta</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ciconia" title="Johannes Ciconia">Johannes Ciconia</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conradus_de_Pistoria" title="Conradus de Pistoria">Conradus de Pistoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baude_Cordier" title="Baude Cordier">Baude Cordier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Cuvelier" title="Johannes Cuvelier">Johannes Cuvelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egardus" title="Egardus">Egardus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egidius_(Chantilly_Codex_composer)" title="Egidius (Chantilly Codex composer)">Egidius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_Fabri" title="Martinus Fabri">Martinus Fabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_de_Goscalch" title="Petrus de Goscalch">Petrus de Goscalch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Symonis_Hasprois" title="Johannes Symonis Hasprois">Johannes Symonis Hasprois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matheus_de_Sancto_Johanne" title="Matheus de Sancto Johanne">Matheus de Sancto Johanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gacian_Reyneau" title="Gacian Reyneau">Gacian Reyneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_Uciredor" title="S Uciredor">Rodericus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Senleches" title="Jacob Senleches">Jacob Senleches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solage" title="Solage">Solage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Susay" title="Johannes Susay">Johannes Susay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacara_da_Teramo" title="Zacara da Teramo">Antonio Zacara da Teramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebor_(composer)" title="Trebor (composer)">Trebor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Alanus" title="Johannes Alanus">Johannes Alanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dunstaple" title="John Dunstaple">John Dunstaple</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Contenance_angloise" title="Contenance angloise">Contenance angloise</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fabri" title="Thomas Fabri">Thomas Fabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Henry" title="Roy Henry">Roy Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_de_Lantins" title="Arnold de Lantins">Arnold de Lantins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonel_Power" title="Leonel Power">Leonel Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._de_Wycombe" title="W. de Wycombe">W. de Wycombe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theorists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_IV" title="Anonymous IV">Anonymous IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_of_Arezzo" title="Guido of Arezzo">Guido of Arezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_of_Cologne" title="Franco of Cologne">Franco of Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Cotto" title="Johannes Cotto">Johannes Cotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Garlandia_(music_theorist)" title="Johannes de Garlandia (music theorist)">Johannes de Garlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Grocheio" title="Johannes de Grocheio">Johannes de Grocheio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacobus_de_Ispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Iacobus de Ispania">Iacobus de Ispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notker_Labeo" title="Notker Labeo">Notker Labeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Muris" title="Johannes de Muris">Johannes de Muris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Odington" title="Walter Odington">Walter Odington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berno_of_Reichenau" title="Berno of Reichenau">Berno of Reichenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelian_of_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" title="Aurelian of Réôme">Aurelian of Réôme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">Antiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canso_(song)" title="Canso (song)">Canso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanson" title="Chanson">Chanson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chansonnier" title="Chansonnier">Chansonnier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">Chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conductus" title="Conductus">Conductus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estampie" title="Estampie">Estampie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formes_fixes" title="Formes fixes">Formes fixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballade_(forme_fixe)" title="Ballade (forme fixe)">Ballade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondeau_(forme_fixe)" title="Rondeau (forme fixe)">Rondeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virelai" title="Virelai">Virelai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geisslerlieder" title="Geisslerlieder">Geisslerlied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_(poetic_form)" title="Lai (poetic form)">Lai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tydorel" title="Tydorel">Tydorel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_drama" title="Liturgical drama">Liturgical drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrigal_(Trecento)" title="Madrigal (Trecento)">Madrigal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Motet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organum" title="Organum">Organum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planctus" title="Planctus">Planctus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music_of_the_British_Isles" title="Early music of the British Isles">British Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Medieval_England" title="Music in Medieval England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Medieval_Scotland" title="Music in Medieval Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus#Medieval_music" title="Music of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_France#Medieval_Period" title="Music history of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany#Minnesingers_and_Meistersingers" title="Music of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_classical_music#Medieval_music" title="Italian classical music">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Portugal#Medieval_music" title="Music history of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain#Medieval_period" title="Music of Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardcore" title="Bardcore">Bardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">Medieval folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Medieval_music" title="Neo-Medieval music">Neo-Medieval music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music" title="Early music">Early music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_architecture" title="Medieval architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_poetry" title="Medieval poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_literature" title="Medieval literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:relative;"> <ul><li>Also music theorist*</li></ul> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Renaissance_music" title="Template:Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a></b> →</div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_music" title="Category:Medieval music">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188285#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188285#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188285#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1026871/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4040357-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85087515">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121516267">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121516267">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="moteta"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph122993&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX528128">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007546046105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030012473">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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