CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>Most Cited Articles | </title> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php" /> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.pubmine.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//x.bidswitch.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.criteo.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ib.adnxs.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//aax.amazon-adsystem.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//bidder.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cas.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//gum.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ads.pubmatic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//gads.pubmatic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//tpc.googlesyndication.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ad.doubleclick.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//googleads.g.doubleclick.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagservices.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//delivery.g.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//delivery.swid.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//a.teads.tv' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//prebid.media.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//adserver-us.adtech.advertising.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fastlane.rubiconproject.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//prebid-server.rubiconproject.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//hb-api.omnitagjs.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//mtrx.go.sonobi.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//apex.go.sonobi.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//u.openx.net' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title=" » Feed" href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title=" » Comments Feed" href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title=" » Most Cited Articles Comments Feed" href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/most-cited-articles/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function addLoadEvent(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function () { oldonload(); func(); } } } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1719498190i&ver=6.8-alpha-59438"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJyFzt0KwjAMBeAXsoZVRHYhPkvahdo1/WHJHPr0Tm9EhHmZnC+HwNKMr0WpKDiuwTSeQywCS50GHAQCV4e89yI7+Gcfjoq/mpv94Xn+4DgEUgGa17SmSIZxAaXcGJUERO9MWwUc08pG0oY+mfe0/V7GKZHGEozDCVb6vXkdX/K5O9n+aPtDZ8cny8Fm4A==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJydzMsOwiAQheEXEibEXtKF8VmATggVgcwMNby91U13LlyenHw/vKryJQtmgZpaiJkhtGM6pHA8hLCbRU96ANdiWsGl4h8qRUeWOrD0hNozX+Bn6KsYNpRqP9z20kQFiuu/CbISc+CT3583M1/NMg6zGbc3O1tP4A==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify { text-align:justify; } .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-4-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpoZmFkYGRuZGmQBAHPvL0Y=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-8-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??/wp-content/mu-plugins/core-compat/wp-mediaelement.css,/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-bbpress-premium-themes.css?m=1432920480j&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-10-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/verbum-comments.css?m=1729061509i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='verbum-gutenberg-css-css' href='https://widgets.wp.com/verbum-block-editor/block-editor.css?ver=1721244820' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-12-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9i0EKgzAQAD/UdBFSWg+lbzFhGyOb3eBuKPp69aaX3mZgBn7VRWFDNrARCyrUFmANyHEEtYXwHlVvcOpKc5VayqwwYyBJOybYq5P+mxKKI4mDZeGLuC8NeT7WT3l3/tF7/3p2ftoAPIE8vw==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css'> :root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-14-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJyNjcsKQjEMBX/ImlsQry7ET5GahrbXNCmmRfx7H7gRN+7OwGEGbs2hSifpUIdrPFIRg4V6C3j5MNgQqBoHk4HlcKUYYry/Z5G0RrMV/C06FUEwxRLYsSa1L/iR9Uz1mc0bSKznwK/DsR787Kd5P/ntbnkAuNBIYA==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var actionbardata = {"siteID":"55175671","postID":"21","siteURL":"http:\/\/ijngnjournal.wordpress.com","xhrURL":"https:\/\/ijngnjournal.wordpress.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"ec3b3dda62","isLoggedIn":"","statusMessage":"","subsEmailDefault":"instantly","proxyScriptUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/js\/wpcom-proxy-request.js?ver=20211021","shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P3JvIb-l","i18n":{"followedText":"New posts from this site will now appear in your <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/read\">Reader<\/a>","foldBar":"Collapse this bar","unfoldBar":"Expand this bar"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https:\/\/s1.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/sun\/vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/build\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJyFjcsOwiAQRX/I6dSa+lgYvwWBEAgMOAPW/n3bqIk7V2dxT87FqYDOVC1VDIIcKxTOr7kLssN186RjM1a2MTya5fmDLnn6K0HyjlW1v/L37R6zgxKb8yQ4ZTbKCOioRN4hnQo+hw1AmcCZwmvilq7709CPh/54voQFmNpFWg=='></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rlt-proxy-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/most-cited-articles/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/P3JvIb-l' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=json&url=https%3A%2F%2Fijngnjournal.wordpress.com%2Fmost-cited-articles%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/xml+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=xml&url=https%3A%2F%2Fijngnjournal.wordpress.com%2Fmost-cited-articles%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" />  <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Most Cited Articles" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/most-cited-articles/" /> <meta property="og:description" content="International Journal of Next-Generation Networks (IJNGN) ISSN : 0975-7023 Online); 0975-7252 ( Print ) Most Cited Articles – 2011 The Performance of a Cylindrical Microstrip Printed Antenna …" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2013-09-20T05:50:57+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2013-09-20T05:51:53+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://s0.wp.com/i/blank.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="249643311490" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/WordPresscom" /> <meta name="twitter:text:title" content="Most Cited Articles" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://s2.wp.com/i/webclip.png" /> <link rel='openid.server' href='https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/?openidserver=1' /> <link rel='openid.delegate' href='https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/' /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/osd.xml" title="" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> <style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style> <style type="text/css"> .recentcomments a { display: inline !important; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; } table.recentcommentsavatartop img.avatar, table.recentcommentsavatarend img.avatar { border: 0px; margin: 0; } table.recentcommentsavatartop a, table.recentcommentsavatarend a { border: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important; } td.recentcommentsavatarend, td.recentcommentsavatartop { padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; } td.recentcommentstextend { border: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstextend { padding: 0px 10px 2px 0px; } td.recentcommentstexttop { border: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstexttop { padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; } </style> <meta name="application-name" content="WordPress.com" /><meta name="msapplication-window" content="width=device-width;height=device-height" /><meta name="description" content="International Journal of Next-Generation Networks (IJNGN) ISSN : 0975-7023 Online); 0975-7252 ( Print ) http://www.airccse.org/journal/ijngn/ijngn Most Cited Articles - 2011 The Performance of a Cylindrical Microstrip Printed Antenna for TM10 Mode as a Function of Temperature for Different Substrates A. Elrashidi , K. Elleithy and Hassan Bajwa, IJNGN Journal, Vol.3, No.3, September 2011, PP. 001…" /> <style type="text/css"> #title h1, #title h1 a, #title p { color: #222 !important; } </style><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wa_smart = { 'network_id': 3905, 'site_id': 474853, 'page_id': 1572546, 'blog_id': 55175671, 'post_id': null, 'theme': 'pub/zbench', 'target': 'wp_blog_id=55175671;language=en', '_': { 'title': 'Advertisement', 'privacy_settings': 'Privacy Settings' }, 'top': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 135099 }, 'inline': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 110354, 'max_slots': 20, 'max_blaze_slots': 20 }, 'belowpost': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 134071 }, 'bottom_sticky': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 117571 }, 'sidebar': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 134686 }, 'sidebar_sticky_right': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 135281 }, 'gutenberg_rectangle': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 134788 }, 'gutenberg_leaderboard': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 135073 }, 'gutenberg_mobile_leaderboard': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 135098 }, 'gutenberg_skyscraper': { 'enabled': false, 'adflow_enabled': true, 'format_id': 135088 } }; wa_smart.cmd = []; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function __ATA_CC() {var v = document.cookie.match('(^|;) ?personalized-ads-consent=([^;]*)(;|$)');return v ? 1 : 0;} var __ATA_PP = { 'pt': 2, 'ht': 0, 'tn': 'zbench', 'uloggedin': 0, 'amp': false, 'consent': __ATA_CC(), 'gdpr_applies': false, 'ad': { 'label': { 'text': 'Advertisements' }, 'reportAd': { 'text': 'Report this ad' } }, 'disabled_slot_formats': [], 'siteid': 8982, 'blogid': 55175671 }; var __ATA = __ATA || {}; __ATA.cmd = __ATA.cmd || []; __ATA.criteo = __ATA.criteo || {}; __ATA.criteo.cmd = __ATA.criteo.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var g=Date.now||function(){return+new Date};function h(a,b){a:{for(var c=a.length,d="string"==typeof a?a.split(""):a,e=0;e<c;e++)if(e in d&&b.call(void 0,d[e],e,a)){b=e;break a}b=-1}return 0>b?null:"string"==typeof a?a.charAt(b):a[b]};function k(a,b,c){c=null!=c?"="+encodeURIComponent(String(c)):"";if(b+=c){c=a.indexOf("#");0>c&&(c=a.length);var d=a.indexOf("?");if(0>d||d>c){d=c;var e=""}else e=a.substring(d+1,c);a=[a.substr(0,d),e,a.substr(c)];c=a[1];a[1]=b?c?c+"&"+b:b:c;a=a[0]+(a[1]?"?"+a[1]:"")+a[2]}return a};var l=0;function m(a,b){var c=document.createElement("script");c.src=a;c.onload=function(){b&&b(void 0)};c.onerror=function(){b&&b("error")};a=document.getElementsByTagName("head");var d;a&&0!==a.length?d=a[0]:d=document.documentElement;d.appendChild(c)}function n(a){var b=void 0===b?document.cookie:b;return(b=h(b.split("; "),function(c){return-1!=c.indexOf(a+"=")}))?b.split("=")[1]:""}function p(a){return"string"==typeof a&&0<a.length} function r(a,b,c){b=void 0===b?"":b;c=void 0===c?".":c;var d=[];Object.keys(a).forEach(function(e){var f=a[e],q=typeof f;"object"==q&&null!=f||"function"==q?d.push(r(f,b+e+c)):null!==f&&void 0!==f&&(e=encodeURIComponent(b+e),d.push(e+"="+encodeURIComponent(f)))});return d.filter(p).join("&")}function t(a,b){a||((window.__ATA||{}).config=b.c,m(b.url))}var u=Math.floor(1E13*Math.random()),v=window.__ATA||{};window.__ATA=v;window.__ATA.cmd=v.cmd||[];v.rid=u;v.createdAt=g();var w=window.__ATA||{},x="s.pubmine.com"; w&&w.serverDomain&&(x=w.serverDomain);var y="//"+x+"/conf",z=window.top===window,A=window.__ATA_PP&&window.__ATA_PP.gdpr_applies,B="boolean"===typeof A?Number(A):null,C=window.__ATA_PP||null,D=z?document.referrer?document.referrer:null:null,E=z?window.location.href:document.referrer?document.referrer:null,F,G=n("__ATA_tuuid");F=G?G:null;var H=window.innerWidth+"x"+window.innerHeight,I=n("usprivacy"),J=r({gdpr:B,pp:C,rid:u,src:D,ref:E,tuuid:F,vp:H,us_privacy:I?I:null},"","."); (function(a){var b=void 0===b?"cb":b;l++;var c="callback__"+g().toString(36)+"_"+l.toString(36);a=k(a,b,c);window[c]=function(d){t(void 0,d)};m(a,function(d){d&&t(d)})})(y+"?"+J);}).call(this); </script> <script> var sas_fallback = sas_fallback || []; sas_fallback.push( { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 120,formFactor: \'001\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'belowpost' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 310,formFactor: \'001\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'inline' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 140,formFactor: \'003\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'sidebar' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 110,formFactor: \'002\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'top' } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.doNotSellCallback = function() { var linkElements = [ 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog"]', 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_website"]', 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=vertical_footer"]', 'a[href^="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_segment_"]', ].join(','); var dnsLink = document.createElement( 'a' ); dnsLink.href = 'https://wordpress.com/advertising-program-optout/'; dnsLink.classList.add( 'do-not-sell-link' ); dnsLink.rel = 'nofollow'; dnsLink.style.marginLeft = '0.5em'; dnsLink.textContent = 'Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information'; var creditLinks = document.querySelectorAll( linkElements ); if ( 0 === creditLinks.length ) { return false; } Array.prototype.forEach.call( creditLinks, function( el ) { el.insertAdjacentElement( 'afterend', dnsLink ); }); return true; }; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.google_analytics_uacct = "UA-52447-2"; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-52447-2']); _gaq.push(['_gat._anonymizeIp']); _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'wordpress.com']); _gaq.push(['_initData']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(ga); })(); </script> </head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-21 customizer-styles-applied two-column content-sidebar jetpack-reblog-enabled has-marketing-bar has-marketing-bar-theme-zbench"> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="header"> <div id="header_inner"> <ul class="nav sf-menu"> <li ><a href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/">Home</a></li><li class="page_item page-item-1"><a href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/about/">Current Issue</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-21 current_page_item"><a href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/most-cited-articles/" aria-current="page">Most Cited Articles</a></li> </ul> <form id="search-form" role="search" method="get" action="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/"> <input type="text" value="Search: type, hit enter" onfocus="if (this.value == 'Search: type, hit enter' ) {this.value = '';}" onblur="if (this.value == '' ) {this.value = 'Search: type, hit enter';}" name="s" id="s" /> <input type="submit" id="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form> </div> </div> <div id="content"> <div id="title"> <h1><a href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/"></a></h1> <p></p> </div> <div id="maincontent"> <div id="maincontent_inner"> <div id="post-21" class="post-21 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <h2 class="title">Most Cited Articles</h2> <div class="post-info"> <div> <span class="comments-meta"><a href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/most-cited-articles/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <h3 style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:#993300;">International Journal of Next-Generation Networks (IJNGN)</span></h3> <h3 style="text-align:center;">ISSN : 0975-7023 Online); 0975-7252 ( Print )</h3> <p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://www.airccse.org/journal/ijngn/ijngn" rel="nofollow">http://www.airccse.org/journal/ijngn/ijngn</a></p> <h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>Most Cited Articles – 2011</strong></span></h4> <table width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?cites=3820940129816023009&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en" target="_blank">The Performance of a Cylindrical Microstrip Printed Antenna for TM10 Mode as a Function of Temperature for Different Substrates</a><br /> A. Elrashidi , K. Elleithy and Hassan Bajwa, IJNGN Journal, Vol.3, No.3, September 2011, PP. 001 – 018<br /> DOI : 10.5121/ijngn.2011.3301</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?cites=14791809102634827837&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en" target="_blank">Spectrum Sensing Techniques in Cognitive Radio Networks: A survey</a><br /> Mansi Subhedar and Gajanan Birajdar, IJNGN Journal, Vol.3, No.2, June 2011, PP. 37 – 51<br /> DOI : 10.5121/ijngn.2011.3203</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?cites=14402090490308201670&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en" target="_blank">A Survey on DynamicSpectrum Access Techniques for Cognitive Radio</a><br /> Anita Garhwal and Partha Pratim Bhattacharya, IJNGN Journal, Vol.3, No.4, December 2011, PP. 15 – 32<br /> DOI : 10.5121/ijngn.2011.3402</b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4><span style="color:#ff6600;">Most Cited Articles – 2010</span></h4> <table width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?cites=9284783906491517572&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en" target="_blank">Comparison of Vertical Handover Mechanisms using Generic QoSTrigger for Next Generation Network</a><br /> Rajender Kumar and Brahmjit Singh, IJNGN Journal, Vol.2, No.3, September 2010, PP. 80 – 97<br /> DOI : 10.5121/ijngn.2010.2308</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?cites=8993412492074626368&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en" target="_blank">Privacy for m- Health Presence</a><br /> Xin Huang , Yang Jiang , Zuguang Liu , Theo Kanter and Tingting Zhang, IJNGN Journal, Vol.2, No.4, December 2010, PP. 33-44<br /> DOI : 10.5121/ijngn.2010.2403</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?cites=7817779818568015578&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en" target="_blank">Optimization Algorithm for a Handoff Decision in Wireless Heterogeneous Networks</a><br /> E.Arun and R.S.Moni, IJNGN Journal, Vol.2, No.3, September 2010, PP. 99 – 117<br /> DOI : 10.5121/ijngn.2010.2309</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?cites=16382794791434600996&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en" target="_blank">Mobility Metrics Based AClassification & Analysis of Mobility Model for Tactical Network</a><br /> Santosh Kumar, S. C. Sharma and Bhupendra Suman, IJNGN Journal, Vol.2, No.3, September 2010, PP. 39 – 51<br /> DOI : 10.5121/ijngn.2010.2305</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?cites=8948941445367209846&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en" target="_blank">The Forecasting of 3G Market in India Based on Revised Technology Acceptance Model</a><br /> Sudha Singh , D. K. Singh , M. K. Singh and Sujeet Kumar Singh, IJNGN Journal, Vol.2, No.2, June 2010, PP. 61 – 68<br /> DOI : 10.5121/ijngn.2010.2206</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?cites=8885018725664047708&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en" target="_blank">Link Spam Detection based on DBSpamClust with Fuzzy C-means Clustering</a><br /> S.K.Jayanthi and S.Sasikala, IJNGN Journal, Vol.2, No.4, December 2010, PP. 001 – 010<br /> DOI: 10.5121/ijngn.2010.2401</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?cites=5227050955532211859&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en" target="_blank">Improved Packet Forwarding Approach in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks using RDGR Algorithm</a><br /> K.Prasanth , K.Duraiswamy , K.Jayasudha and C.Chandrasekar, IJNGN Journal, Vol.2, No.1, March 2010, PP. 65-78<br /> DOI : 10.5121/ijngn.2010.2106 </b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?cites=13891709702965674933&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en" target="_blank">An Efficient Vehicular Communication Outside the City Environments</a><br /> B. Ramakrishnan , R. S. Rajesh and R. S. Shaji, IJNGN Journal, Vol.2, No.4, December 2010, PP. 46-59<br /> DOI : 10.5121/ijngn.2010.2404</b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4><span style="color:#ff6600;">Most Cited Articles – 2009</span></h4> <table width="100%" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?cites=6096387697662772784&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en" target="_blank">Wireless Sensor Network Security Analysis</a><br /> Hemanta Kumar Kalita and Avijit Kar, IJNGN Journal, Vol.1, No.1, December 2009, PP. 01-10</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?cites=9233735314258540877&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en" target="_blank">Localization Scheme for Three Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks using GPS Enabled Mobile Sensor Nodes</a><br /> Vibha Yadav, Manas Kumar Mishra, A.K. Sngh and M. M.Gore, IJNGN Journal, Vol.1, No.1, December 2009, PP. 60 – 72</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?cites=8064624084097336291&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en" target="_blank">Planning and Analysis Toll for Large Scale Deployment of Wireless Sensor Network</a><br /> Apala Ray, IJNGN Journal, Vol.1, No.1, December 2009, PP. 29-36</b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>AIRCC Publishing Corporation</strong> </span></p> <p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://www.airccse.org" rel="nofollow">http://www.airccse.org</a></p> <div id="atatags-370373-67468b725c537"> <script type="text/javascript"> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initVideoSlot('atatags-370373-67468b725c537', { sectionId: '370373', format: 'inread' }); }); </script> </div> <div id="atatags-26942-67468b725c595"></div> <script> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initDynamicSlot({ id: 'atatags-26942-67468b725c595', location: 120, formFactor: '001', label: { text: 'Advertisements', }, creative: { reportAd: { text: 'Report this ad', }, privacySettings: { text: 'Privacy', } } }); }); </script><div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-21" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/most-cited-articles/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-21" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/most-cited-articles/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-55175671-21-67468b725cb5a' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20241127#blog_id=55175671&post_id=21&origin=ijngnjournal.wordpress.com&obj_id=55175671-21-67468b725cb5a' data-name='like-post-frame-55175671-21-67468b725cb5a' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div></div> </div> <div class="post-meta"> </div> <div class="sep"></div> </div> <div id="comments"> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a comment <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/most-cited-articles/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><form action="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form"> <div id="comment-form__verbum" class="transparent"></div><div class="verbum-form-meta"><input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='21' id='comment_post_ID' /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' /> <input type="hidden" name="highlander_comment_nonce" id="highlander_comment_nonce" value="8cabd16eb8" /> <input type="hidden" name="verbum_show_subscription_modal" value="" /></div><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="325e4a8ca3" /></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="111"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div> </div> <div class="next-prev-links"> <div class="nav-previous"><p></p></div> <div class="nav-next"><p></p></div> </div> </div> </div><div id="sidebar" class="sidebar"> <div id="rssfeed"><a href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/feed/"><span>RSS feed</span></a></div> <div class="sidebar-border active" id="primary-widget-area"> <div class="sidebar-inner"> <div id="search-2" class="widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform" action="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/"> <div> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="s">Search for:</label> <input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search" /> </div> </form></div> <div id="recent-posts-2" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h3 class="widget-title">Recent Posts</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/2013/07/12/international-journal-of-next-generation-networks-ijngn/">International Journal of Next-Generation Networks (IJNGN)</a> </li> </ul> </div><div id="recent-comments-2" class="widget widget_recent_comments"><h3 class="widget-title">Recent Comments</h3></div><div id="archives-2" class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title">Archives</h3> <ul> <li><a href='https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/2013/07/'>July 2013</a></li> </ul> </div><div id="categories-2" class="widget widget_categories"><h3 class="widget-title">Categories</h3> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> </li> </ul> </div><div id="meta-2" class="widget widget_meta"><h3 class="widget-title">Meta</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/start?ref=wplogin">Register</a></li> <li><a href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li> <li><a href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/feed/">Entries feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/comments/feed/">Comments feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/" title="Powered by WordPress, state-of-the-art semantic personal publishing platform.">WordPress.com</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="atatags-286348-67468b725f006"></div> <script> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initDynamicSlot({ id: 'atatags-286348-67468b725f006', location: 140, formFactor: '003', label: { text: 'Advertisements', }, creative: { reportAd: { text: 'Report this ad', }, privacySettings: { text: 'Privacy', } } }); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer"> <div> <a href="#wrapper" id="top-link">↑ Top</a> <a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog" rel="nofollow">Blog at WordPress.com.</a> </div> </div> </div>  <script type="text/javascript" src="//0.gravatar.com/js/hovercards/hovercards.min.js?ver=2024484048849247f5660a2d05b85c6fc286379897f30a1061ad46e7f037e059ed7fe7" id="grofiles-cards-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpgroho-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/gravatar-hovercards/wpgroho.js?m=1610363240i'></script> <script> // Initialize and attach hovercards to all gravatars ( function() { function init() { if ( typeof Gravatar === 'undefined' ) { return; } if ( typeof Gravatar.init !== 'function' ) { return; } Gravatar.profile_cb = function ( hash, id ) { WPGroHo.syncProfileData( hash, id ); }; Gravatar.my_hash = WPGroHo.my_hash; Gravatar.init( 'body', '#wp-admin-bar-my-account', { i18n: { 'Edit your profile': 'Edit your profile', 'View profile': 'View profile', 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.': 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.', 'Profile not found.': 'Profile not found.', 'Too Many Requests.': 'Too Many Requests.', 'Internal Server Error.': 'Internal Server Error.', }, } ); } if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { init(); } else { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); } } )(); </script> <div style="display:none"> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> ( function () { var setupPrivacy = function() { // Minimal Mozilla Cookie library // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie/Simple_document.cookie_framework var cookieLib = window.cookieLib = {getItem:function(e){return e&&decodeURIComponent(document.cookie.replace(new RegExp("(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*"+encodeURIComponent(e).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g,"\\$&")+"\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$"),"$1"))||null},setItem:function(e,o,n,t,r,i){if(!e||/^(?:expires|max\-age|path|domain|secure)$/i.test(e))return!1;var c="";if(n)switch(n.constructor){case Number:c=n===1/0?"; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 9999 23:59:59 GMT":"; max-age="+n;break;case String:c="; expires="+n;break;case Date:c="; expires="+n.toUTCString()}return"rootDomain"!==r&&".rootDomain"!==r||(r=(".rootDomain"===r?".":"")+document.location.hostname.split(".").slice(-2).join(".")),document.cookie=encodeURIComponent(e)+"="+encodeURIComponent(o)+c+(r?"; domain="+r:"")+(t?"; path="+t:"")+(i?"; secure":""),!0}}; // Implement IAB USP API. window.__uspapi = function( command, version, callback ) { // Validate callback. if ( typeof callback !== 'function' ) { return; } // Validate the given command. if ( command !== 'getUSPData' || version !== 1 ) { callback( null, false ); return; } // Check for GPC. If set, override any stored cookie. if ( navigator.globalPrivacyControl ) { callback( { version: 1, uspString: '1YYN' }, true ); return; } // Check for cookie. var consent = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' ); // Invalid cookie. if ( null === consent ) { callback( null, false ); return; } // Everything checks out. Fire the provided callback with the consent data. callback( { version: 1, uspString: consent }, true ); }; // Initialization. document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', function() { // Internal functions. var setDefaultOptInCookie = function() { var value = '1YNN'; var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 365 * 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); }; var setDefaultOptOutCookie = function() { var value = '1YYN'; var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); }; var setDefaultNotApplicableCookie = function() { var value = '1---'; var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); }; var setCcpaAppliesCookie = function( applies ) { var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'ccpa_applies', applies, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); } var maybeCallDoNotSellCallback = function() { if ( 'function' === typeof window.doNotSellCallback ) { return window.doNotSellCallback(); } return false; } // Look for usprivacy cookie first. var usprivacyCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' ); // Found a usprivacy cookie. if ( null !== usprivacyCookie ) { // If the cookie indicates that CCPA does not apply, then bail. if ( '1---' === usprivacyCookie ) { return; } // CCPA applies, so call our callback to add Do Not Sell link to the page. maybeCallDoNotSellCallback(); // We're all done, no more processing needed. return; } // We don't have a usprivacy cookie, so check to see if we have a CCPA applies cookie. var ccpaCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'ccpa_applies' ); // No CCPA applies cookie found, so we'll need to geolocate if this visitor is from California. // This needs to happen client side because we do not have region geo data in our $SERVER headers, // only country data -- therefore we can't vary cache on the region. if ( null === ccpaCookie ) { var request = new XMLHttpRequest(); request.open( 'GET', 'https://public-api.wordpress.com/geo/', true ); request.onreadystatechange = function () { if ( 4 === this.readyState ) { if ( 200 === this.status ) { // Got a geo response. Parse out the region data. var data = JSON.parse( this.response ); var region = data.region ? data.region.toLowerCase() : ''; var ccpa_applies = ['california', 'colorado', 'connecticut', 'delaware', 'indiana', 'iowa', 'montana', 'new jersey', 'oregon', 'tennessee', 'texas', 'utah', 'virginia'].indexOf( region ) > -1; // Set CCPA applies cookie. This keeps us from having to make a geo request too frequently. setCcpaAppliesCookie( ccpa_applies ); // Check if CCPA applies to set the proper usprivacy cookie. if ( ccpa_applies ) { if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. setDefaultOptInCookie(); } else { // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. setDefaultOptOutCookie(); } } else { // CCPA does not apply. setDefaultNotApplicableCookie(); } } else { // Could not geo, so let's assume for now that CCPA applies to be safe. setCcpaAppliesCookie( true ); if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. setDefaultOptInCookie(); } else { // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. setDefaultOptOutCookie(); } } } }; // Send the geo request. request.send(); } else { // We found a CCPA applies cookie. if ( ccpaCookie === 'true' ) { if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. setDefaultOptInCookie(); } else { // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. setDefaultOptOutCookie(); } } else { // CCPA does not apply. setDefaultNotApplicableCookie(); } } } ); }; // Kickoff initialization. if ( window.defQueue && defQueue.isLOHP && defQueue.isLOHP === 2020 ) { defQueue.items.push( setupPrivacy ); } else { setupPrivacy(); } } )(); </script>  <div class="widget widget_eu_cookie_law_widget"> <div class="hide-on-button ads-active" data-hide-timeout="30" data-consent-expiration="180" id="eu-cookie-law" style="display: none" > <form method="post"> <input type="submit" value="Close and accept" class="accept" /> Privacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use. <br /> To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: <a href="https://automattic.com/cookies/" rel="nofollow"> Cookie Policy </a> </form> </div> </div> <div id="actionbar" style="display: none;" class="actnbr-pub-zbench actnbr-has-follow"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner actnbr-follow-bubble"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> ijngnjournal.wordpress.com </a> </li> <div class="actnbr-message no-display"></div> <form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" style="display: none;"> <div> <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email address" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Enter your email address" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="55175671" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/most-cited-articles/" /> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="67863f73f5" /> <div class="actnbr-button-wrap"> <button type="submit" value="Sign me up"> Sign me up </button> </div> </form> <li class="actnbr-login-nudge"> <div> Already have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fijngnjournal.wordpress.com%2Fmost-cited-articles%2F&signup_flow=account">Log in now.</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-ellipsis" height="24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7 12c0 1.104-.896 2-2 2s-2-.896-2-2 .896-2 2-2 2 .896 2 2zm12-2c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2zm-7 0c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2z"/></g></svg> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-more"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> ijngnjournal.wordpress.com </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-customize"> <a href="https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/wp-admin/customize.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fijngnjournal.wordpress.com%2Fmost-cited-articles%2F"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-customize" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M2 6c0-1.505.78-3.08 2-4 0 .845.69 2 2 2 1.657 0 3 1.343 3 3 0 .386-.08.752-.212 1.09.74.594 1.476 1.19 2.19 1.81L8.9 11.98c-.62-.716-1.214-1.454-1.807-2.192C6.753 9.92 6.387 10 6 10c-2.21 0-4-1.79-4-4zm12.152 6.848l1.34-1.34c.607.304 1.283.492 2.008.492 2.485 0 4.5-2.015 4.5-4.5 0-.725-.188-1.4-.493-2.007L18 9l-2-2 3.507-3.507C18.9 3.188 18.225 3 17.5 3 15.015 3 13 5.015 13 7.5c0 .725.188 1.4.493 2.007L3 20l2 2 6.848-6.848c1.885 1.928 3.874 3.753 5.977 5.45l1.425 1.148 1.5-1.5-1.15-1.425c-1.695-2.103-3.52-4.092-5.448-5.977z"/></g></svg> <span>Customize</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-follow"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-signup"><a href="https://wordpress.com/start/">Sign up</a></li> <li class="actnbr-login"><a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fijngnjournal.wordpress.com%2Fmost-cited-articles%2F&signup_flow=account">Log in</a></li> <li class="actnbr-shortlink"><a href="https://wp.me/P3JvIb-l">Copy shortlink</a></li> <li class="flb-report"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com/most-cited-articles/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Report this content </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-reader"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/read/blogs/55175671/posts/21"> View post in Reader </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-subs"> <a href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/">Manage subscriptions</a> </li> <li class="actnbr-fold"><a href="">Collapse this bar</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <script> window.addEventListener( "load", function( event ) { var link = document.createElement( "link" ); link.href = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.css?v=20241015"; link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; document.head.appendChild( link ); var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.src = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.js?v=20231122"; script.defer = true; document.body.appendChild( script ); } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/ijngnjournal.wordpress.com\/most-cited-articles\/":21}; </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="verbum-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.VerbumComments = {"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a reply.":"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a reply.","Log in or provide your name and email to leave a comment.":"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a comment.","Receive web and mobile notifications for posts on this site.":"Receive web and mobile notifications for posts on this site.","Name":"Name","Email (address never made public)":"Email (address never made public)","Website (optional)":"Website (optional)","Leave a reply. (log in optional)":"Leave a reply. (log in optional)","Leave a comment. (log in optional)":"Leave a comment. (log in optional)","Log in to leave a reply.":"Log in to leave a reply.","Log in to leave a comment.":"Log in to leave a comment.","Logged in via %s":"Logged in via %s","Log out":"Log out","Email":"Email","(Address never made public)":"(Address never made public)","Instantly":"Instantly","Daily":"Daily","Reply":"Reply","Comment":"Comment","WordPress":"WordPress","Weekly":"Weekly","Notify me of new posts":"Notify me of new posts","Email me new posts":"Email me new posts","Email me new comments":"Email me new comments","Cancel":"Cancel","Write a comment...":"Write a comment...","Write a reply...":"Write a reply...","Website":"Website","Optional":"Optional","We'll keep you in the loop!":"We'll keep you in the loop!","Loading your comment...":"Loading your comment...","Discover more from":"Discover more from ","Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.":"Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.","Continue reading":"Continue reading","Never miss a beat!":"Never miss a beat!","Interested in getting blog post updates? Simply click the button below to stay in the loop!":"Interested in getting blog post updates? Simply click the button below to stay in the loop!","Enter your email address":"Enter your email address","Subscribe":"Subscribe","Comment sent successfully":"Comment sent successfully","Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.":"Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.","siteId":55175671,"postId":21,"mustLogIn":false,"requireNameEmail":true,"commentRegistration":false,"connectURL":"https:\/\/ijngnjournal.wordpress.com\/public.api\/connect\/?action=request","logoutURL":"https:\/\/ijngnjournal.wordpress.com\/wp-login.php?action=logout&_wpnonce=827c188649","homeURL":"https:\/\/ijngnjournal.wordpress.com\/","subscribeToBlog":true,"subscribeToComment":true,"isJetpackCommentsLoggedIn":false,"jetpackUsername":"","jetpackUserId":0,"jetpackSignature":"","jetpackAvatar":"https:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=identicon&r=G","enableBlocks":true,"enableSubscriptionModal":true,"currentLocale":"en","isJetpackComments":false,"allowedBlocks":["core\/paragraph","core\/list","core\/code","core\/list-item","core\/quote","core\/image","core\/embed","core\/quote","core\/code"],"embedNonce":"445cda8472","verbumBundleUrl":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/sun\/vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/features\/verbum-comments\/dist\/index.js","isRTL":false,"vbeCacheBuster":1721244820,"iframeUniqueId":0} /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJyNkutOwzAMhV+IzEMDIX4gHgW5ide6dS7ECVV5erIbmwYa/Ep0fPzl2ArMydgYCoUCo4KPHQuZqpSxb5rhsI2rUe/gwtdJ7E2S2nNQmGN26NRYQVXSHWTGItc9vp472PVUFKi2apyYjOAMhXwSLHSl3+AIT839XqnSgMEJ5ZOZg5XqDmEca4EPCi7mXSlFWbYssvIcbrBHKgntZJo0Jxv9sQBawwmGtUSPpbD94QbNFrrK4po5d9W3J7xvTyjsltQOtwT0bI1EdOfcpyBlIN/Sp9rBZ0fBDqA2c2p9DVJ/m/LIN5mSLH/MhhOrp2I2qzW8Nci3sM17s/vHXi7WsUcchtUBM7Xf4Jb9lUN/jPLqX+6fNvcPm/Xm8Xn8Ar0L608='></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtwitter', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var wpcom_reblog = { source: 'toolbar', toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) { // Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one. const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`; // Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the // post permalink in the editor. const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; const url = postEndpoint + '?url=' + encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) + '&is_post_share=true' + '&v=5'; const redirect = function () { if ( ! window.open( url, '_blank' ) ) { location.href = url; } }; if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) { setTimeout( redirect, 0 ); } else { redirect(); } }, }; window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog; })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // <![CDATA[ (function() { try{ if ( window.external &&'msIsSiteMode' in window.external) { if (window.external.msIsSiteMode()) { var jl = document.createElement('script'); jl.type='text/javascript'; jl.async=true; jl.src='/wp-content/plugins/ie-sitemode/custom-jumplist.php'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(jl, s); } } }catch(e){} })(); // ]]> </script> <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20241127#ver=20241127&origin=https://ijngnjournal.wordpress.com' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> <div id='likes-other-gravatars' class='wpl-new-layout' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <div class="likes-text"> <span>%d</span> </div> <ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul> </div> <script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?67" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript"> _tkq = window._tkq || []; _stq = window._stq || []; _tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'55175671','blog_tz':'0','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]); _stq.push(['view', {'blog':'55175671','v':'wpcom','tz':'0','user_id':'0','post':'21','subd':'ijngnjournal'}]); _stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE5XaGUuOTlwaD85flAmcm1mcmZsaDhkV11YdWFnNncxc1tjZG9XVXhRZmhSYUFEMXVJdlp1Q2dGaT0lXXxFb1QrX1VxRFQlWD9YW1hdbGtdSy1rQWJ5eE94ZHRrfnZHckw3d25dTSYmLjh3WDlMNVZTZDNCR1h0dDdvbDNQb3xwWCtRcFNMc1dFT2Q/W1JXQ35MPzliUVU/YSU2SzBZSGxYS1ElflZLNzgmenx2VnV+VFtZN0x6bEMsP3dCXUREVz1qUGRbeXcxdm9qK1ZPUkc2Uy5ORjFIeVlfLnA9UE1JXThQcSx+UiY4bWgtRGlYVnZTVm5TYThXLmdUdTk1enpvMFloaWNReUplQ3NuOWp8ZE49Z3o='}]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '55175671', '21' ]); </script> <noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript> <div id="marketingbar" class="marketing-bar noskim "><div class="marketing-bar-text">Design a site like this with WordPress.com</div><a class="marketing-bar-button" href="https://wordpress.com/start/?ref=marketing_bar">Get started</a><a class="marketing-bar-link" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Create your website at WordPress.com" href="https://wordpress.com/start/?ref=marketing_bar"></a></div> <script type="text/javascript"> window._tkq = window._tkq || []; window._tkq.push( [ 'recordEvent', 'wpcom_marketing_bar_impression', {"is_current_user_blog_owner":false} ] ); document.querySelectorAll( '#marketingbar > a' ).forEach( link => { link.addEventListener( 'click', ( e ) => { window._tkq.push( [ 'recordEvent', 'wpcom_marketing_bar_cta_click', {"is_current_user_blog_owner":false} ] ); } ); }); </script><script> ( function() { function getMobileUserAgentInfo() { if ( typeof wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info === 'object' ) { wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.init(); var mobileStatsQueryString = ''; if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_platforms' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_devices' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.isIPad() ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'ipad_views' + '=' + 'views'; } if ( mobileStatsQueryString != '' ) { new Image().src = document.location.protocol + '//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv' + mobileStatsQueryString + '&baba=' + Math.random(); } } } document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', getMobileUserAgentInfo ); } )(); </script> <script type='disabled' id='wp-enqueue-dynamic-script:wp-i18n:after:1'> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script> (function() { 'use strict'; const fetches = {}; const promises = {}; const urls = { 'wp-hooks': 'https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v19.6.4/build/hooks/index.min.js?m=1731954715i&ver=84e753e2b66eb7028d38', 'wp-i18n': 'https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v19.6.4/build/i18n/index.min.js?m=1731954715i&ver=bd5a2533e717a1043151', 'verbum': 'https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/verbum-comments.js?m=1731953849i&minify=false&ver=97043884103359931e09' }; const loaders = { 'verbum': () => { fetchExternalScript('wp-hooks'); fetchExternalScript('wp-i18n'); fetchExternalScript('verbum'); promises['wp-hooks'] = promises['wp-hooks'] || loadWPScript('wp-hooks'); promises['wp-i18n'] = promises['wp-i18n'] || promises['wp-hooks'].then( () => loadWPScript('wp-i18n') ); promises['verbum'] = promises['verbum'] || promises['wp-i18n'].then( () => loadWPScript('verbum') ); return promises['verbum']; }, }; const scriptExtras = { 'wp-i18n': { translations: 0, before: 0, after: 1 }, }; window.WP_Enqueue_Dynamic_Script = { loadScript: (handle) => { if (!loaders[handle]) { console.error('WP_Enqueue_Dynamic_Script: unregistered script `' + handle + '`.'); } return loaders[handle](); } }; function fetchExternalScript(handle) { if (!urls[handle]) { return Promise.resolve(); } fetches[handle] = fetches[handle] || fetch(urls[handle], { mode: 'no-cors' }); return fetches[handle]; } function runExtraScript(handle, type, index) { const id = 'wp-enqueue-dynamic-script:' + handle + ':' + type + ':' + (index + 1); const template = document.getElementById(id); if (!template) { return Promise.reject(); } const script = document.createElement( 'script' ); script.innerHTML = template.innerHTML; document.body.appendChild( script ); return Promise.resolve(); } function loadExternalScript(handle) { if (!urls[handle]) { return Promise.resolve(); } return fetches[handle].then(() => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { const script = document.createElement('script'); script.onload = () => resolve(); script.onerror = (e) => reject(e); script.src = urls[handle]; document.body.appendChild(script); }); }); } function loadExtra(handle, pos) { const count = (scriptExtras[handle] && scriptExtras[handle][pos]) || 0; let promise = Promise.resolve(); for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) { promise = promise.then(() => runExtraScript(handle, pos, i)); } return promise; } function loadWPScript(handle) { // Core loads scripts in this order. See: https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/blob/a59eb9d39c4fcba834b70c9e8dfd64feeec10ba6/wp-includes/class-wp-scripts.php#L428. return loadExtra(handle, 'translations') .then(() => loadExtra(handle, 'before')) .then(() => loadExternalScript(handle)) .then(() => loadExtra(handle, 'after')); } } )(); </script> </body> </html>