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href="#Materialismens_historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Materialismens historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Materialismens_historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Materialisme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 112 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Materialisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Materialisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Materialism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efnishyggja" title="Efnishyggja – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Efnishyggja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Materialisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismus" title="Materialismus – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Materialismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%81%E1%88%B5_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%8B%E1%8B%8A%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5" title="ቁስ አካላዊነት – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቁስ አካላዊነት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مادية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مادية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismo" title="Materialismo – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Materialismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismu" title="Materialismu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Materialismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materializm" title="Materializm – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Materializm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="ماتریالیزم – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماتریالیزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="বস্তুবাদ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বস্তুবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Materialisme" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Bi-bu%CC%8Dt-l%C5%ABn" title="Ûi-bu̍t-lūn – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ûi-bu̍t-lūn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Материализм – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Материализм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Матэрыялізм – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Матэрыялізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Матэрыялізм – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Матэрыялізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Материализъм – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Материализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismus" title="Materialismus – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Materialismus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materijalizam" title="Materijalizam – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Materijalizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danvezelouriezh" title="Danvezelouriezh – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Danvezelouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Materialisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismus" title="Materialismus – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Materialismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbayo" title="Mbayo – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mbayo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materoliaeth" title="Materoliaeth – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Materoliaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismus" title="Materialismus – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Materialismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Materialism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Υλισμός – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υλισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Materialism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismo" title="Materialismo – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Materialismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiismo" title="Materiismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Materiismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismo" title="Materialismo – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Materialismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ماده‌باوری – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماده‌باوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Materialism" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A9rialisme" title="Matérialisme – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Matérialisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81bharachas" title="Ábharachas – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ábharachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismo" title="Materialismo – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Materialismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="唯物主義 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="唯物主義" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%AC%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="유물론 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유물론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Մատերիալիզմ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մատերիալիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="भौतिकवाद – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भौतिकवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materijalizam" title="Materijalizam – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Materijalizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak%E1%BB%A5k%E1%BB%8Dnd%E1%BB%A5%CC%80onye" title="Akụkọndụ̀onye – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Akụkọndụ̀onye" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismo" title="Materialismo – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Materialismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Materialisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismo" title="Materialismo – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Materialismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="מטריאליזם – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטריאליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Materialisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მატერიალიზმი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მატერიალიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Материализм – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Материализм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyakinifu" title="Uyakinifu – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uyakinifu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materyal%C3%AEzm" title="Materyalîzm – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Materyalîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Материализм – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Материализм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismus" title="Materialismus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Materialismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materi%C4%81lisms" title="Materiālisms – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Materiālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materializmas" title="Materializmas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Materializmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okusoosowaza_ebyenfuna_(materialism)" title="Okusoosowaza ebyenfuna (materialism) – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Okusoosowaza ebyenfuna (materialism)" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Materialism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materializmus" title="Materializmus – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Materializmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Материјализам – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Материјализам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialisma" title="Materialisma – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Materialisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൗതികവാദം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൗതികവാദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ماديه – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماديه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="ماتریالیسم – mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ماتریالیسم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Materialisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Materialisme" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Материализм – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Материализм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialisme_(filosofie)" title="Materialisme (filosofie) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Materialisme (filosofie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%AB%96" title="唯物論 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="唯物論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Материализм – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Материализм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Materialisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanneettummaa" title="Wanneettummaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Wanneettummaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materializm" title="Materializm – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Materializm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਪਦਾਰਥਵਾਦ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਦਾਰਥਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85" title="میٹیریلزم – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میٹیریلزم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismo" title="Materialismo – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Materialismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Materialism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismus" title="Materialismus – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Materialismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materializm" title="Materializm – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Materializm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismo" title="Materialismo – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Materialismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materializm" title="Materializm – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Materializm" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Materialism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Матеріалізм – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Матеріалізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Материализм – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Материализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Материализм – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Материализм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materializmi" title="Materializmi – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Materializmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Materialism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="ماديت پسندي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ماديت پسندي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materializmus" title="Materializmus – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Materializmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materializem" title="Materializem – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Materializem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%B5%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="ماتریاڵیزم – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماتریاڵیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Материјализам – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Материјализам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materijalizam" title="Materijalizam – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Materijalizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialismi" title="Materialismi – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Materialismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materyalismo" title="Materyalismo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Materyalismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பொருள்முதல் வாதம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொருள்முதல் வாதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Материализм – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Материализм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="วัตถุนิยม – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วัตถุนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Материализм – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Материализм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materyalizm" title="Materyalizm – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Materyalizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Матеріалізм – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Матеріалізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="مادیت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مادیت" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote dablink noexcerpt">«Materialisme» har <a href="/wiki/Materialisme_(andre_betydninger)" class="mw-disambig" title="Materialisme (andre betydninger)">flere betydninger</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.png/200px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.png 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption>Ifølge materialismen er det eneste som eksisterer forskjellige former for <i><a href="/wiki/Materie" title="Materie">materie</a></i> og <a href="/wiki/Kraft" title="Kraft">krefter</a> som virker på disse. Bildet viser et <a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium">lithium</a>-<a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Materialisme</b> er en <a href="/wiki/Monisme" title="Monisme">monistisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosofisk</a> retning som hevder at <a href="/wiki/Materie" title="Materie">materien</a>, som menneskene kan erfare gjennom sine <a href="/wiki/Sanser" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanser">sanser</a> og utforske gjennom <a href="/wiki/Vitenskap" title="Vitenskap">vitenskapelige</a> undersøkelser, er det eneste som <a href="/wiki/Eksistens" title="Eksistens">eksisterer</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materialistisk_metafysikk">Materialistisk metafysikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Materialistisk metafysikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Materialistisk metafysikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Materialisme betegner først og fremst den <a href="/wiki/Ontologi" title="Ontologi">ontologiske</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sinnsfilosofi" title="Sinnsfilosofi">sinnsfilosofiske</a> posisjonen at alle ting og alle fenomener grunnleggende sett består av materie i bevegelse på grunnlag av <a href="/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk">fysiske</a> <a href="/wiki/Naturlov" title="Naturlov">lover</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Sinnsfilosofi" title="Sinnsfilosofi">sinnsfilosofien</a> betegnes den materialistiske posisjonen i dag mest som <a href="/wiki/Fysikalisme" title="Fysikalisme">fysikalisme</a>. Den hevder at vår egen <a href="/wiki/Bevissthet" title="Bevissthet">bevissthet</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tenkning" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenkning">tenkning</a> er et produkt av et stofflig, legemlig organ, <a href="/wiki/Hjerne" title="Hjerne">hjernen</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%85nd" title="Ånd">Ånden</a> forklares som – og <a href="/wiki/Reduksjonisme" title="Reduksjonisme">reduseres til</a> – et produkt av materien. Materialismen skiller seg dermed både fra <a href="/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme">idealismen</a> («alt er ånd») og fra <a href="/wiki/Dualisme" title="Dualisme">dualisme</a> («ånd og materie kan ikke reduseres til hverandre»). </p><p>Materialismen ser altså på materien som det primære, og ånd, tanker og idéer som det sekundære. Menneskenes oppfatning av verden rundt dem er en subjektiv avspeiling av den objektive virkeligheten, og ikke omvendt. Idealismen hevder derimot at idéene er det primære. Mens idéen går framfor materien ifølge f.eks. <a href="/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom">kristendommens</a> <a href="/wiki/Skapelsesberetning" class="mw-redirect" title="Skapelsesberetning">skapelsesberetning</a>, der <a href="/wiki/Gud" title="Gud">Gud</a> skapte verden i sitt bilde<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, hevder den materialistiske filosofen <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> at «det er ikke menneskenes bevissthet som bestemmer deres tilværelse, men omvendt: deres samfunnsmessige tilværelse som bestemmer deres bevissthet».<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materialistisk_erkjennelsesteori">Materialistisk erkjennelsesteori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Materialistisk erkjennelsesteori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Materialistisk erkjennelsesteori"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ved sin avvisning av at det eksisterer noe åndelig eller «<a href="/wiki/Overnaturlig" title="Overnaturlig">overnaturlig</a>», hevder materialismen at ethvert fenomen grunnleggende sett lar seg forklare gjennom materiens egenskaper og prosesser. Dette betyr ikke at alt lar seg forklare med vår eksisterende kjennskap til materien. Det er mange ting menneskene ikke kan forstå eller forklare i dag. Derimot vil en materialist hevde at å skille et område som for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Bevissthet" title="Bevissthet">bevissthet</a> fra materien, å erklære det som uforklarlig, «overnaturlig» eller løsrevet fra den materielle virkeligheten rundt det, er fånyttes. </p><p>Materialismens <a href="/wiki/Erkjennelsesteori" title="Erkjennelsesteori">erkjennelsesteoretiske</a> posisjon er vanligvis knyttet til versjoner av <a href="/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme">empirisme</a> og/eller <a href="/wiki/Realisme_(erkjennelsesteori)" title="Realisme (erkjennelsesteori)">realisme</a>. Menneskenes subjektive tanker og idéer om verden antas altså å være mer eller mindre korrekte avspeilinger av den objektive virkeligheten. Et viktig spørsmål her er da: hvordan kan vi vite hva som er sant? Hvordan kan menneskene finne ut hvorvidt deres teorier er i samsvar med virkeligheten eller ikke? Ifølge materialismen er den eneste måten å avklare hvorvidt en teori er sann eller ikke, er å prøve den ut i praksis. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> sier følgende om dette: </p> <blockquote> <p>Det som skjer i virkeligheten, er at menneskenes kunnskaper først blir stadfesta når de oppnår de resultatene de hadde venta seg i den samfunnsmessige praksisen (materiell produksjon, klassekamp eller vitenskapelige eksperimenter). Hvis menneskene vil ha framgang i arbeidet sitt, det vil si oppnå de resultatene de venter seg, må de sørge for at ideene samsvarer med lovene for den objektive verden utafor dem sjøl. Hvis ideene ikke samsvarer med virkeligheten, kommer de til å mislykkes i praksis. Etter at de mislykkes, trekker de lærdommer av det og retter på ideene, slik at ideene skal svare til lovene for verden utafor dem sjøl.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materialistisk_etikk">Materialistisk etikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Materialistisk etikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Materialistisk etikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den <a href="/wiki/Etikk" title="Etikk">etiske</a> maksime at det høyeste gode er materielle verdier og sanselige gleder, kan betegnes som etisk materialisme. Den blir i så fall omtrent sammenfallende med <a href="/wiki/Hedonisme" title="Hedonisme">hedonismen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materialismens_historie">Materialismens historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Materialismens historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Materialismens historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Pollution_de_l%27air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pollution_de_l%27air.jpg/150px-Pollution_de_l%27air.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pollution_de_l%27air.jpg/225px-Pollution_de_l%27air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Pollution_de_l%27air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="271" /></a><figcaption>Viktige oppdagelser innen <a href="/wiki/Vitenskap" title="Vitenskap">vitenskap</a> og <a href="/wiki/Industri" title="Industri">industri</a> gjorde at et vitenskapelig, materialistisk verdenssyn fram mot moderne tid gjenvant mye av hegemoniet fra <a href="/wiki/Middelalderen" title="Middelalderen">middelalderens</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom">kristendom</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Materialismen er like gammel som filosofien selv. De første <a href="/wiki/Antikkens_greske_filosofi" title="Antikkens greske filosofi">greske naturfilosofene</a> var alle materialister. Framfor å lete etter sannheten om verden omkring seg i <a href="/wiki/Mytologi" title="Mytologi">mytologien</a>, undersøkte de virkeligheten. <a href="/wiki/Tales_fra_Milet" title="Tales fra Milet">Tales fra Milet</a> (født ca. 640 f.Kr.), den første kjente filosofen, mente at alle ting er bygget opp av <a href="/wiki/Vann" title="Vann">vann</a> i forskjellige former. Filosofen <a href="/wiki/Anaximander" title="Anaximander">Anaximander</a> mente at alt er bygget opp av urstoffet <i>apeiron</i>. Andre filosofer igjen mente at alle ting er bygget opp av <a href="/wiki/De_fire_elementene" class="mw-redirect" title="De fire elementene">de fire elementene</a> jord, ild, luft og vann. <a href="/wiki/Demokrit" title="Demokrit">Demokrit</a> mente at dersom en deler opp en ting i mindre og mindre deler, vil man til slutt ende opp med noen ørsmå, udelelige <a href="/wiki/Partikkel" class="mw-disambig" title="Partikkel">partikler</a>. Disse partiklene kalte han <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomer</a>. </p><p>Med <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a> (født ca. <a href="/wiki/427_f.Kr." title="427 f.Kr.">427 f.Kr.</a>) oppstod den idealistiske filosofi, hvilket etter de <a href="/wiki/Hellas" title="Hellas">greske</a> <a href="/wiki/Bystat" title="Bystat">bystatenes</a> fall oppnådde <a href="/wiki/Hegemoni" title="Hegemoni">hegemoni</a> og forble dominerende helt fram til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moderne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moderne (ikke skrevet ennå)">moderne</a> tid. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Opplysningstiden" title="Opplysningstiden">Opplysningstiden</a> med sine påfølgende vitenskapelige oppdagelser og <a href="/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi">teknologiske</a> nyvininnger førte til en oppblomstring av materialismen. Sentrale materialistiske filosofer fra denne tiden var <a href="/wiki/Julien_Offray_de_La_Mettrie" title="Julien Offray de La Mettrie">La Mettrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Thiry_d%27Holbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Henri Thiry d'Holbach">Holbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Adrien_Helv%C3%A9tius" title="Claude Adrien Helvétius">Helvétius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a> og <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace" title="Pierre-Simon Laplace">Laplace</a>. </p><p>Materialismen har også hatt stor betydning for <a href="/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">sosialistiske</a> filosofier. Den tyske filosofen <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> uttalte f.eks.: «Den materialistiske verdensanskuelse innebærer ganske enkelt en oppfatning av naturen som den er, uten noen som helst fremmed tilsetning».<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Med sine <a href="/wiki/Dialektisk_materialisme" title="Dialektisk materialisme">dialektiske</a> og <a href="/wiki/Historisk_materialisme" title="Historisk materialisme">historiske</a> varianter av materialismen avgrenset sosialistene seg ikke bare fra idealismen (og dermed bl.a. kirken), men også fra den rent naturvitenskapelige materialismen. </p><p>Blant nyere vitenskapelige materialistiske strømninger har f.eks. <a href="/wiki/Behaviorisme" title="Behaviorisme">behaviorismen</a> vært nokså innflytelsesrik. I dag er materialismen bl.a. representert ved <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dennett" title="Daniel Dennett">Daniel Dennetts</a> eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Churchland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patricia Churchland (ikke skrevet ennå)">Patricia</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Churchland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Churchland (ikke skrevet ennå)">Paul Churchlands</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliminativ_materialisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eliminativ materialisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">eliminative materialisme</a> og ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Davidson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Davidson (ikke skrevet ennå)">Donald Davidsons</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anomal_monisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anomal monisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">anomale monisme</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dialektisk_materialisme" title="Dialektisk materialisme">Dialektisk materialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erkjennelsesteori" title="Erkjennelsesteori">Erkjennelsesteori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historisk_materialisme" title="Historisk materialisme">Historisk materialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduksjonisme" title="Reduksjonisme">Reduksjonisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitenskap" title="Vitenskap">Vitenskap</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Bibelen" title="Bibelen">Bibelen</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibelen.no/chapter.aspx?book=GEN&part=1">1 Mos 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060718074157/http://bibelen.no/chapter.aspx?book=GEN&part=1">Arkivert</a> 18. juli 2006 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1859/critique-pol-economy/preface.htm">Til kritikk av den politiske økonomi</a></i> av <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> (1859)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akp.no/hefter/mao/om-praksis-mao.htm">Om praksis</a></i> av <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> (1937)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1886/ludwig-feuerbach/index.htm">Ludwig Feuerbach og slutten på den klassiske tyske filosofi</a></i> av <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> (1886)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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