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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylloxera,_Prohibition_and_the_Great_Depression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Phylloxera, Prohibition and the Great Depression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylloxera,_Prohibition_and_the_Great_Depression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Napa_Valley_as_a_top_wine_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Napa_Valley_as_a_top_wine_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Napa Valley as a top wine region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Napa_Valley_as_a_top_wine_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enotourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enotourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Enotourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enotourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Viticultural_Areas_(AVAs)_of_Napa_Valley" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Viticultural_Areas_(AVAs)_of_Napa_Valley"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) of Napa Valley</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Viticultural_Areas_(AVAs)_of_Napa_Valley-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Napa Valley AVA</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_Valley" title="Napa Valley – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Napa Valley" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_Valley_AVA" title="Napa Valley AVA – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Napa Valley AVA" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valle_de_Napa_(AVA)" title="Valle de Napa (AVA) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Valle de Napa (AVA)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_harana" title="Napa harana – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Napa harana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7_%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تاکستان و منطقه شراب‌سازی ناپا ولی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاکستان و منطقه شراب‌سازی ناپا ولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_Valley" title="Napa Valley – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Napa Valley" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_Valley" title="Napa Valley – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Napa Valley" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_Valley_AVA" title="Napa Valley AVA – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Napa Valley AVA" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A7_%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%94" title="עמק נאפה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמק נאפה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napys_l%C4%ABkne" title="Napys līkne – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Napys līkne" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_Valley_AVA" title="Napa Valley AVA – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Napa Valley AVA" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vale_de_Napa" title="Vale de Napa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vale de Napa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Долина Напа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Долина Напа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_Valley" title="Napa Valley – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Napa Valley" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_Valley" title="Napa Valley – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Napa Valley" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E5%B8%95%E8%B0%B7" title="纳帕谷 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Napa_Valley_AVA&params=38.3867_N_122.3500_W_source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:US-CA"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°23′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°21′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.3867°N 122.3500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.3867; -122.3500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa_Valley&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Napa Valley">Napa Valley</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wine region</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Napa Valley</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_regions" title="List of wine-producing regions">Wine region</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mustards_in_the_spring,_Napa_Valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Mustards_in_the_spring%2C_Napa_Valley.jpg/250px-Mustards_in_the_spring%2C_Napa_Valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Mustards_in_the_spring%2C_Napa_Valley.jpg/375px-Mustards_in_the_spring%2C_Napa_Valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Mustards_in_the_spring%2C_Napa_Valley.jpg/500px-Mustards_in_the_spring%2C_Napa_Valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2249" data-file-height="1495" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Napa Valley vineyard</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Viticultural_Area" title="American Viticultural Area">American Viticultural Area</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Year established</th><td class="infobox-data">1981<sup id="cite_ref-Establish_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Establish-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of wine industry</th><td class="infobox-data">186<sup id="cite_ref-Petition_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petition-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California_wine" title="California wine">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Coast_AVA" title="North Coast AVA">North Coast AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napa_County_wine" title="Napa County wine">Napa County</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other regions in <a href="/wiki/California_wine" title="California wine">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Coast_AVA" title="North Coast AVA">North Coast AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napa_County_wine" title="Napa County wine">Napa County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_Valley_AVA" title="Sonoma Valley AVA">Sonoma Valley AVA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sub-regions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Los_Carneros_AVA" title="Los Carneros AVA">Los Carneros AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howell_Mountain_AVA" title="Howell Mountain AVA">Howell Mountain AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_Horse_Valley_AVA" title="Wild Horse Valley AVA">Wild Horse Valley AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stags_Leap_District_AVA" title="Stags Leap District AVA">Stags Leap District AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mt._Veeder_AVA" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt. Veeder AVA">Mt. Veeder AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Peak_AVA" title="Atlas Peak AVA">Atlas Peak AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spring_Mountain_District_AVA" title="Spring Mountain District AVA">Spring Mountain District AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakville_AVA" title="Oakville AVA">Oakville AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_AVA" title="Rutherford AVA">Rutherford AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Helena_AVA" title="St. Helena AVA">St. Helena AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiles_Valley_AVA" title="Chiles Valley AVA">Chiles Valley AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yountville_AVA" title="Yountville AVA">Yountville AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Mountain_District_AVA" title="Diamond Mountain District AVA">Diamond Mountain District AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coombsville_AVA" title="Coombsville AVA">Coombsville AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oak_Knoll_District_of_Napa_Valley_AVA" title="Oak Knoll District of Napa Valley AVA">Oak Knoll District of Napa Valley AVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calistoga_AVA" title="Calistoga AVA">Calistoga AVA</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crystal_Springs_of_Napa_Valley_AVA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crystal Springs of Napa Valley AVA (page does not exist)">Crystal Springs of Napa Valley AVA</a><sup id="cite_ref-nvv-avas_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nvv-avas-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crystal_Springs_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crystal_Springs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Winkler_index" title="Winkler index">Climate region</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Region III</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total area</th><td class="infobox-data">122,735 acres (49,669 ha)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Size of planted vineyards</th><td class="infobox-data">43,000 acres (17,401 ha)<sup id="cite_ref-Appellation_America_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appellation_America-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of vineyards</th><td class="infobox-data">400+</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Varietals produced</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Franc" title="Cabernet Franc">Cabernet Franc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Pinot noir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinfandel" title="Zinfandel">Zinfandel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a>, and more</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of wineries</th><td class="infobox-data">612<sup id="cite_ref-Appellation_America_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appellation_America-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Comments</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Napa_Valley_AVA&params=38.3867_N_122.3500_W_source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:US-CA"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°23′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°21′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.3867°N 122.3500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.3867; -122.3500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Napa Valley</b> is an <a href="/wiki/American_Viticultural_Area" title="American Viticultural Area">American Viticultural Area (AVA)</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa County</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. The area was established by the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco_and_Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury</a> on February 27, 1981 after reviewing the 1978 petition submitted by the Napa Valley Vintners and Napa Valley Grape Growers Association on behalf of valley vineyard owners and winemakers proposing to establish a viticultural area named "Napa Valley" as an appellation of origin in wine labeling and advertising would help consumers of wine to better identify Napa Valley wines.<sup id="cite_ref-Petition_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petition-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Proposed_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Proposed-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Napa Valley is considered one of the premier wine regions in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-jr-ctnwr_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jr-ctnwr-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historical records of viticulture in the region date back to the nineteenth century,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the modern premium wine production grew in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-jr-ctnwr_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jr-ctnwr-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The combination of <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a> and geology of the region are conducive to growing quality wine grapes. <a href="/wiki/George_C._Yount" title="George C. Yount">George C. Yount</a> was the first vineyardist on record in Napa Valley planting his vines in 1838. <a href="/wiki/John_Patchett" title="John Patchett">John Patchett</a> established the Napa Valley's first commercial vineyard in 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-nvr-jp_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nvr-jp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1861 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Krug" title="Charles Krug">Charles Krug</a> established another of Napa Valley's first commercial wineries in <a href="/wiki/St._Helena,_California" title="St. Helena, California">St. Helena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nvr-jp_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nvr-jp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1880, its first great period of prominence, the Napa Valley had 443 vineyards with a thousand or more vines each. Of these major holdings, 72 were in the Calistoga district, 126 were in Napa City and 245 in the <a href="/wiki/St._Helena,_California" title="St. Helena, California">St. Helena</a> area. Viticulture in Napa suffered several setbacks in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including an outbreak of the vine disease <a href="/wiki/Phylloxera" title="Phylloxera">phylloxera</a>, national enactment of <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. The modern wine industry in Napa Valley gradually recovered and gained immediate recognition by the surprising outcome at the <a href="/wiki/Judgment_of_Paris_(wine)" title="Judgment of Paris (wine)">Paris Wine Tasting of 1976</a> where Napa Valley vintages scored top honors against primer French wines establishing its place as an international viticulture producer bettering Old World wine regions. Napa Valley is now an major international <a href="/wiki/Enotourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Enotourism">enotourism</a> destination.<sup id="cite_ref-Petition_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petition-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa_Valley_AVA&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The valley floor is flanked by the <a href="/wiki/Mayacamas_Mountains" title="Mayacamas Mountains">Mayacamas Range</a> on the western and northern sides and the <a href="/wiki/Vaca_Mountains" title="Vaca Mountains">Vaca Mountains</a> on the eastern side.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several smaller valleys exist within these two ranges. The floor of the main valley gradually rises from sea level at the southern end to 362 feet (110 m) above sea level at the northern end in <a href="/wiki/Calistoga,_California" title="Calistoga, California">Calistoga</a> at the base of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Saint_Helena" title="Mount Saint Helena">Mount Saint Helena</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Oakville_AVA" title="Oakville AVA">Oakville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_AVA" title="Rutherford AVA">Rutherford</a> viticultural areas lie within a geographical area known as the Rutherford Bench in the center of the valley floor.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The soil in the southern end of the valley consists mainly of sediments deposited by earlier advances and retreats of <a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Bay" title="San Pablo Bay">San Pablo Bay</a> while the soil at the northern end of the valley contains a large volume of <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanic</a> lava and ash. Several of the small hills that emerge from the middle of the valley floor near <a href="/wiki/Yountville,_California" title="Yountville, California">Yountville</a> are indicators of the region's volcanic past. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vineyards_of_Napa_Valley_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Panoramic view of vineyards" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Vineyards_of_Napa_Valley_panorama.jpg/1000px-Vineyards_of_Napa_Valley_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Vineyards_of_Napa_Valley_panorama.jpg/1500px-Vineyards_of_Napa_Valley_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Vineyards_of_Napa_Valley_panorama.jpg/2000px-Vineyards_of_Napa_Valley_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="15000" data-file-height="2392" /></a></span></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa_Valley_AVA&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several <a href="/wiki/Mesoclimate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoclimate">mesoclimates</a> exist within the area due to various weather and geographical influences. The open southern end of the valley floor is cooler during the growing season due to the proximity of <a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Bay" title="San Pablo Bay">San Pablo Bay</a> while the sheltered, closed northern end is often much warmer.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eastern side of the valley tends to be more arid due to the <a href="/wiki/Rain_shadow" title="Rain shadow">rain shadow</a> caused by the western mountains and hills. </p><p>Napa Valley's climate and geography are shaped by a unique cooling effect, crucial for premium grape growing.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originating from a cold ocean current from Alaska, this effect involves fog formation and cool air influx from the Pacific, offset by warmer air rising from California's Central Valley. This dynamic results in a climate system where fog and cooler sea air are drawn inland through valleys, create ideal conditions for high-quality viticulture.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region's complexity extends to varying topography, sun exposure, and diverse soils, contributing to a wide array of microclimates or terroirs within a relatively small viticulture area. Napa Valley, despite its linear appearance, is a tapestry of climate influences from the adjacent Vaca and Mayacamas mountain ranges, alongside varied lithologies influencing vineyard substrates.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This geographical diversity, coupled with the Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters, impacts grape growing in the Napa Valley. Rainfall distribution and the daily summer fog, which typically shrouds the valley until mid-morning, vary across the region, affecting grape variety and quality.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the potential impacts of climate change pose new challenges: rising global temperatures and possible disruptions to the cooling effect could alter the conditions that have historically favored premium grape growing in Napa Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-GiESCO_2023_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GiESCO_2023-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa_Valley_AVA&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napa_Valley_grapes_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Napa_Valley_grapes_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_02.JPG/300px-Napa_Valley_grapes_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Napa_Valley_grapes_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_02.JPG/450px-Napa_Valley_grapes_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Napa_Valley_grapes_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_02.JPG/600px-Napa_Valley_grapes_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Grapes in a Napa Valley vineyard</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa_Valley_AVA&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early settler and pioneer <a href="/wiki/Vineyardist" class="mw-redirect" title="Vineyardist">vineyardist</a> <a href="/wiki/George_C._Yount" title="George C. Yount">George C. Yount</a> is generally credited as the first to plant grapevines in Napa Valley in 1838.<sup id="cite_ref-Petition_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petition-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nvr-jp_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nvr-jp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1864, on the marriage of one of his granddaughters to Thomas Rutherford, Yount gave the couple around 1,000 acres (2 sq mi) of land, which Rutherford dedicated to viticulture.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other pioneers followed in the 1840s and 1850s, by which time vineyards were established in and around <a href="/wiki/Napa,_California" title="Napa, California">Napa City</a> and up the length of the valley to <a href="/wiki/Calistoga,_California" title="Calistoga, California">Calistoga</a>. Commercial production began in 1858, with <a href="/wiki/John_Patchett" title="John Patchett">John Patchett</a> selling wine for $2 per gallon.<sup id="cite_ref-nvr-jp_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nvr-jp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wine cellar, built in 1859, narrowly predates that established in 1861 in <a href="/wiki/St._Helena,_California" title="St. Helena, California">St. Helena</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Krug" title="Charles Krug">Charles Krug</a>, although this is commonly cited as the Napa Valley's first winery.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Niebaum" title="Gustave Niebaum">Captain Gustave Niebaum</a> established <a href="/wiki/Inglenook_Winery" class="mw-redirect" title="Inglenook Winery">Inglenook Winery</a> in 1879 near the village of Rutherford.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> style winery in the US. Inglenook wines won gold medals at the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1889)" title="Exposition Universelle (1889)">1889 World's Fair in Paris</a>. </p><p>In 1868 <a href="/wiki/H._W._Crabb" class="mw-redirect" title="H. W. Crabb">H. W. Crabb</a> bought land near Oakville close to the <a href="/wiki/Napa_River" title="Napa River">Napa River</a>. Crabb established a vineyard and winery named To Kalon, and by 1877 had planted 130 acres (0.5 km<sup>2</sup>) and was producing 50,000 US gallons of wine per year. Crabb experimented with over 400 grape varieties to find the types best suited for the area. </p><p>By 1880, its first great period of prominence, the Napa Valley had 443 vineyards with a thousand or more vines each. Of these major holdings, 72 were in the Calistoga district, 126 were in Napa City and 245 in the <a href="/wiki/St._Helena,_California" title="St. Helena, California">St. Helena</a> area. At the end of the nineteenth century, there were more than one hundred and forty <a href="/wiki/Winery" title="Winery">wineries</a> in the area. Of those original wineries, several still exist in the valley today including <a href="/wiki/Beaulieu_Vineyard" title="Beaulieu Vineyard">Beaulieu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beringer_Vineyards" title="Beringer Vineyards">Beringer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Krug" title="Charles Krug">Charles Krug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chateau_Montelena" title="Chateau Montelena">Chateau Montelena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Far_Niente" class="mw-redirect" title="Far Niente">Far Niente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayacamas_Vineyards" title="Mayacamas Vineyards">Mayacamas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Markham_Vineyards" title="Markham Vineyards">Markham Vineyards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Schramsberg_Vineyards" title="Schramsberg Vineyards">Schramsberg Vineyards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Petition_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petition-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylloxera,_Prohibition_and_the_Great_Depression"><span id="Phylloxera.2C_Prohibition_and_the_Great_Depression"></span>Phylloxera, Prohibition and the Great Depression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa_Valley_AVA&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Phylloxera, Prohibition and the Great Depression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Viticulture in Napa suffered several setbacks in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The <a href="/wiki/Phylloxera" title="Phylloxera">Phylloxera</a> louse killed many of the <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">vines</a> throughout the valley. <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a>, enacted in 1920, caused many wineries to shut down. A few remained open with agreements to produce <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">sacramental wine</a>. Growers who elected to keep their vines planted sold their crops to home winemakers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> slowed the wine business further. These events stalled the growth of the wine industry in <a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa County, California</a> for years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa_Valley_AVA&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tchelistcheff" title="André Tchelistcheff">André Tchelistcheff</a> is generally credited with ushering in the modern era of winemaking in California. Beaulieu hired Tchelisticheff in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He introduced several techniques and procedures to the region, such as <a href="/wiki/Aging_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aging wine">aging wine</a> in small <a href="/wiki/French_Oak" class="mw-redirect" title="French Oak">French Oak</a> barrels, cold fermentation, vineyard frost prevention, and <a href="/wiki/Malolactic_fermentation" title="Malolactic fermentation">malolactic fermentation</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napa_Valley_Opus_One_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Napa_Valley_Opus_One_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_01.JPG/300px-Napa_Valley_Opus_One_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Napa_Valley_Opus_One_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_01.JPG/450px-Napa_Valley_Opus_One_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Napa_Valley_Opus_One_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_01.JPG/600px-Napa_Valley_Opus_One_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Opus One vineyard in Napa Valley</figcaption></figure> <p>Following <a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">Prohibition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beringer_Vineyards" title="Beringer Vineyards">Beringer Vineyards</a> invited attendees of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_International_Exposition" title="Golden Gate International Exposition">Golden Gate International Exposition</a> to visit the winery using promotional maps printed with the phrase "All roads lead to Beringer" in 1939. The winery also invited Hollywood stars including <a href="/wiki/Clark_Gable" title="Clark Gable">Clark Gable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carole_Lombard" title="Carole Lombard">Carole Lombard</a> to visit. These early promotions are considered to be the birth of wine-based tourism that is now a large part of the economy of Napa Valley today.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brother Timothy of <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_the_Brothers_of_the_Christian_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools">Christian Brothers</a> winery was also instrumental in establishing the modern wine industry in Napa. After an earlier career as a teacher, he transferred to the order's Mont La Salle located on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Veeder_AVA" title="Mount Veeder AVA">Mount Veeder</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mayacamas_Mountains" title="Mayacamas Mountains">Mayacamas Mountains</a> northwest of Napa in 1935 to become the wine chemist for the order's expanding wine operations. Christian Brothers had grown grapes and made <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">sacramental wine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Benicia,_California" title="Benicia, California">Benicia, California</a> during Prohibition, but decided to branch out into commercial production of wine and brandy after the <a href="/wiki/Repeal_of_Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Repeal of Prohibition in the United States">Repeal of Prohibition</a>. The science teacher was a fast learner and soon established Christian Brothers as one of the leading brands in the state's budding wine industry. Brother Timothy's smiling face in advertisements and promotional materials became one of the most familiar images for wine consumers across the country. Following the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the wine industry in Napa began to thrive again. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napa_Valley_OpusVines_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Napa_Valley_OpusVines_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_01.JPG/220px-Napa_Valley_OpusVines_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Napa_Valley_OpusVines_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_01.JPG/330px-Napa_Valley_OpusVines_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Napa_Valley_OpusVines_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_01.JPG/440px-Napa_Valley_OpusVines_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Opus One vineyard</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1965, Napa Valley icon <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mondavi" title="Robert Mondavi">Robert Mondavi</a> broke away from his family's <a href="/wiki/Charles_Krug_Winery" title="Charles Krug Winery">Charles Krug</a> estate to found his own winemaking operation in <a href="/wiki/Oakville,_California" title="Oakville, California">Oakville</a>. It was the first new large scale winery to be established in the valley since prohibition and included the original To Kalon land. After this, the number of wineries in the valley grew rapidly, as did the region's reputation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Napa_Valley_as_a_top_wine_region">Napa Valley as a top wine region</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa_Valley_AVA&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Napa Valley as a top wine region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napa_valley_cab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Napa_valley_cab.jpg/170px-Napa_valley_cab.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Napa_valley_cab.jpg/255px-Napa_valley_cab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Napa_valley_cab.jpg/340px-Napa_valley_cab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A Cabernet Sauvignon from Napa Valley</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vineyard_in_Napa_Valley_4_edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vineyard_in_Napa_Valley_4_edit1.jpg/220px-Vineyard_in_Napa_Valley_4_edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vineyard_in_Napa_Valley_4_edit1.jpg/330px-Vineyard_in_Napa_Valley_4_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vineyard_in_Napa_Valley_4_edit1.jpg/440px-Vineyard_in_Napa_Valley_4_edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3428" data-file-height="3103" /></a><figcaption>Mature Napa vines</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">Bicentennial</a>, the region gained international recognition from the <a href="/wiki/Judgment_of_Paris_(wine)" title="Judgment of Paris (wine)">Paris Wine Tasting of 1976</a> when featured Napa Valley <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a> vintages ranked #1 honors, scored by renown French <a href="/wiki/Oenophiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Oenophiles">oenophiles</a>, besting several famous French labels in a <a href="/wiki/Blind_tasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Blind tasting">blind tasting</a> format. The news of the wine competition, termed the "Judgment of Paris", was immediately published by a <a href="/wiki/Time_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time magazine">Time magazine</a> article and later portrayed in the 2008 Hollywood film, <a href="/wiki/Bottle_Shock" title="Bottle Shock">Bottle Shock</a>. The results of the momentous event established Napa's international reputation as a premier wine-producing region.<sup id="cite_ref-Time76_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time76-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paris_1976_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_1976-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BusWeek_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BusWeek-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A modern outbreak of phylloxera was discovered in the valley in 1983 in a vineyard planted with <a href="/wiki/AxR1" class="mw-redirect" title="AxR1">AxR1</a> rootstock.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many growers seized upon this outbreak as an opportunity to switch to varieties that were better suited to the climate and soil. By the late 1990s about 75% of the affected vineyards had been replanted with phylloxera resistant rootstock.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The growers in the region have since channeled their energy to battle the <a href="/wiki/Glassy-winged_sharpshooter" title="Glassy-winged sharpshooter">Glassy-winged sharpshooter</a>, a non-native pest that carries <a href="/wiki/Xylella_fastidiosa" title="Xylella fastidiosa">Pierce's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A trend of larger national and international companies like <a href="/wiki/E_%26_J_Gallo_Winery" title="E & J Gallo Winery">E & J Gallo Winery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diageo" title="Diageo">Diageo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constellation_Brands" title="Constellation Brands">Constellation Brands</a> buying smaller wineries, vineyards and brands began to gain momentum in the early part of the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today Napa Valley features more than 450 wineries that grow grape varieties including <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Pinot noir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinfandel" title="Zinfandel">Zinfandel</a>, among others. While winemakers may produce wines from specific AVAs within the valley, many wines are made as a <a href="/wiki/Cuvee" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuvee">blend</a> from grapes grown on the valley floor and the surrounding hillsides. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enotourism">Enotourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa_Valley_AVA&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Enotourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More than 4.5 million people visit Napa Valley each year, making it a very popular tourist destination in California.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_Viticultural_Areas_(AVAs)_of_Napa_Valley"><span id="American_Viticultural_Areas_.28AVAs.29_of_Napa_Valley"></span>American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) of Napa Valley</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa_Valley_AVA&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) of Napa Valley"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stags_leap_Cab_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Stags_leap_Cab_2.jpg/220px-Stags_leap_Cab_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Stags_leap_Cab_2.jpg/330px-Stags_leap_Cab_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Stags_leap_Cab_2.jpg/440px-Stags_leap_Cab_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A Cabernet Sauvignon from the Stags Leap District of Napa Valley.</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2024, within Napa Valley AVA, there are seventeen sub-AVAs:<sup id="cite_ref-Establish_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Establish-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nvv-avas_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nvv-avas-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Area </th> <th>Date established </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Carneros_AVA" title="Los Carneros AVA">Los Carneros (Carneros)</a> </td> <td>Aug 18, 1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Howell_Mountain_AVA" title="Howell Mountain AVA">Howell Mountain</a> </td> <td>Dec 30, 1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wild_Horse_Valley_AVA" title="Wild Horse Valley AVA">Wild Horse Valley</a> </td> <td>Nov 30, 1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stags_Leap_District_AVA" title="Stags Leap District AVA">Stags Leap District</a> </td> <td>Jan 27, 1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mt._Veeder_AVA" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt. Veeder AVA">Mt. Veeder</a> </td> <td>Feb 20, 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Peak_AVA" title="Atlas Peak AVA">Atlas Peak</a> </td> <td>Jan 22, 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spring_Mountain_District_AVA" title="Spring Mountain District AVA">Spring Mountain District</a> </td> <td>May 13, 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oakville_AVA" title="Oakville AVA">Oakville</a> </td> <td>Jul 2, 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_AVA" title="Rutherford AVA">Rutherford</a> </td> <td>Jul 2, 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Helena_AVA" title="St. Helena AVA"> St. Helena</a> </td> <td>Sep 11, 1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiles_Valley_AVA" title="Chiles Valley AVA"> Chiles Valley</a> </td> <td>Feb 17, 1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yountville_AVA" title="Yountville AVA"> Yountville </a> </td> <td>Mar 19, 1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Mountain_District_AVA" title="Diamond Mountain District AVA">Diamond Mountain District</a> </td> <td>Jun 1, 2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oak_Knoll_District_of_Napa_Valley_AVA" title="Oak Knoll District of Napa Valley AVA"> Oak Knoll District</a> </td> <td>Feb 25, 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calistoga_AVA" title="Calistoga AVA"> Calistoga </a> </td> <td>Dec 8, 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coombsville_AVA" title="Coombsville AVA">Coombsville </a> </td> <td>Dec 14, 2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crystal_Springs_of_Napa_Valley_AVA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crystal Springs of Napa Valley AVA (page does not exist)">Crystal Springs</a> </td> <td>Nov 15, 2024<sup id="cite_ref-Crystal_Springs_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crystal_Springs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa_Valley_AVA&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_wine" title="California wine">California wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Ranges_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast Ranges (California)">Coast Ranges (California)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_California" title="Geography of California">Geography of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa_County_wine" title="Napa County wine">Napa County wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa_Valley_Wine_Train" title="Napa Valley Wine Train">Napa Valley Wine Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County_wine" title="Sonoma County wine">Sonoma County wine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa_Valley_AVA&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Establish-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Establish_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Establish_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ttb.gov/images/pdfs/Napa_Valley_final_rule.pdf">"Napa Valley Viticultural Area"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(27 CFR Part 9 [TD ATF-79; Re: Notice No. 3371] Final Rule)</span>. <i><a 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Napa Valley Vintners. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225052013/https://www.visitnapavalley.com/wineries/appellations/">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Napa+Valley+Appellations&rft.pub=Napa+Valley+Vintners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitnapavalley.com%2Fwineries%2Fappellations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANapa+Valley+AVA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crystal_Springs-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crystal_Springs_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crystal_Springs_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ttb.gov/ttb-establishes-crystal-springs-napa-valley-american-viticultural-area">"TTB Establishes Crystal Springs of Napa Valley American Viticultural Area"</a>. <i>TTB.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Tobacco_Tax_and_Trade_Bureau" title="Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau"> Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Appellation+America&rft.atitle=Napa+Valley+%28AVA%29%3A+Appellation+Profile&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwine.appellationamerica.com%2Fwine-region%2FNapa-Valley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANapa+Valley+AVA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Proposed-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Proposed_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ttb.gov/media/68932/download?inline">"Napa Valley Viticultural Area"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(27 CFR Part 9 [Notice No. 337] Proposed Rule)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a></i>. <b>45</b> (53). <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco_and_Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury</a>: 17026–17027. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=WINE+TALK%3B+After+Phylloxera%2C+The+First+Taste+Of+a+Better+Grape&rft.date=1999-05-05&rft.au=Prial%2C+Frank+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F05%2F05%2Fdining%2Fwine-talk-after-phylloxera-the-first-taste-of-a-better-grape.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANapa+Valley+AVA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wineriesandvineyards.com/california-wine/napa-valley-ava/"><i>Napa Valley AVA: the in's & out's</i></a>, wineriesandvineyards.com, August 9, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napa+Valley+AVA%3A+the+in%27s+%26+out%27s&rft.pub=wineriesandvineyards.com&rft.date=2017-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwineriesandvineyards.com%2Fcalifornia-wine%2Fnapa-valley-ava%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANapa+Valley+AVA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEberling,_Barry2014" class="citation web cs1">Eberling, Barry (December 20, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/bug-wars-napas-fight-to-keep-out-glassy-winged-sharpshooters/article_6f0fba6c-4861-50e2-8af7-9e3c3eb922f7.html">"Bug wars: Napa's fight to keep out glassy-winged sharpshooters"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bug+wars%3A+Napa%27s+fight+to+keep+out+glassy-winged+sharpshooters&rft.pub=Napa+Valley+Register&rft.date=2014-12-20&rft.au=Eberling%2C+Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnapavalleyregister.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fbug-wars-napas-fight-to-keep-out-glassy-winged-sharpshooters%2Farticle_6f0fba6c-4861-50e2-8af7-9e3c3eb922f7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANapa+Valley+AVA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLutz2017" class="citation news cs1">Lutz, Henry (June 19, 2017). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/big-wine-companies-are-snapping-up-napa-valley-producers-and/article_b48e32e7-f100-5f25-8c07-9427b1cafe43.html">"Big wine companies are snapping up Napa Valley producers and vineyards"</a></span>. <i>Napa Valley Register</i>. Napa, CA: <a href="/wiki/Lee_Enterprises" title="Lee Enterprises">Lee Enterprises</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111212808/https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/big-wine-companies-are-snapping-up-napa-valley-producers-and/article_b48e32e7-f100-5f25-8c07-9427b1cafe43.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Napa+Valley+Register&rft.atitle=Big+wine+companies+are+snapping+up+Napa+Valley+producers+and+vineyards&rft.date=2017-06-19&rft.aulast=Lutz&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnapavalleyregister.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fbig-wine-companies-are-snapping-up-napa-valley-producers-and%2Farticle_b48e32e7-f100-5f25-8c07-9427b1cafe43.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANapa+Valley+AVA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lincolntheater.com/community-corporate-partnerships/">"Community & Corporate Partnerships"</a>. Lincoln Theatre<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Community+%26+Corporate+Partnerships&rft.pub=Lincoln+Theatre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flincolntheater.com%2Fcommunity-corporate-partnerships%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANapa+Valley+AVA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa_Valley_AVA&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <wbr /><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vineyards_in_Napa_Valley" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vineyards in Napa Valley">Vineyards in Napa Valley</a></b></i> and <wbr /><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wineries_in_Napa_County,_California" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wineries in Napa County, California">Wineries in Napa County, California</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Napa_Valley#Q1151105" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Napa Valley">Napa Valley</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://napavintners.com/">Napa Valley Vintners</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ttb.gov/AVA/">TTB AVA Map</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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