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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Discontinued computer operating system for x86 processors</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Operating system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">CP/M-86</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CPM-86.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/CPM-86.png/300px-CPM-86.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/CPM-86.png/450px-CPM-86.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/CPM-86.png/600px-CPM-86.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A screenshot of CP/M-86 for the IBM PC/XT/AT Version 1.1</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>, Inc. / <a href="/wiki/Gary_Kildall" title="Gary Kildall">Gary Kildall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Strutynski" title="Kathryn Strutynski">Kathryn Strutynski</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Historic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data">Originally <a href="/wiki/Closed_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed source">closed source</a>, now <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a><sup id="cite_ref-Register_2001_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Register_2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">November 1981<span class="noprint">; 43 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1981-11</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Digital_Research_1981_News_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Digital_Research_1981_News-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">Available in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">Intel 8086</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic kernel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">Default<br />user interface</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">Command-line interface</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Originally <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a>, now <a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">BSD</a>-like<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="As a license I could only find http://www.cpm.z80.de/license.html which doesn't allow redistribution outside that website and thus it's significantly different from a BSD license; is there any other source with a different license? (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">(<a href="/wiki/CP/M-80_2.2" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/M-80 2.2">CP/M-80 2.2</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_CP/M-86_3.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent CP/M-86 3.0">Concurrent CP/M-86 3.0</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>CP/M-86</b> is a discontinued version of the <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> that <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> (DR) made for the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">Intel 8086</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intel_8088" title="Intel 8088">Intel 8088</a>. The system commands are the same as in CP/M-80. Executable files used the relocatable <a href="/wiki/CMD_file_(CP/M)" title="CMD file (CP/M)">.CMD file format</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NB_CMD_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_CMD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Digital Research also produced a multi-user multitasking operating system compatible with CP/M-86, <a href="/wiki/MP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M-86">MP/M-86</a>, which later evolved into <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_CP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent CP/M-86">Concurrent CP/M-86</a>. When an emulator was added to provide <a href="/wiki/PC_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS">PC DOS</a> compatibility, the system was renamed <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS">Concurrent DOS</a>, which later became <a href="/wiki/Multiuser_DOS" title="Multiuser DOS">Multiuser DOS</a>, of which <a href="/wiki/REAL/32" class="mw-redirect" title="REAL/32">REAL/32</a> is the latest incarnation. The <a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus" title="DOS Plus">DOS Plus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/DR_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="DR DOS">DR DOS</a> families of operating systems started as derivations of Concurrent DOS as well. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History"><span class="anchor" id="Kanji"></span>History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CP/M-86&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Digital Research's CP/M-86 was originally announced to be released in November 1979, but was delayed repeatedly.<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2007_Design-DOS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2007_Design-DOS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> contacted other companies to obtain components for the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a>, the as-yet unreleased CP/M-86 was its first choice for an <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> because CP/M had the most applications at the time. Negotiations between Digital Research and IBM quickly deteriorated over IBM's <a href="/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement" title="Non-disclosure agreement">non-disclosure agreement</a> and its insistence on a one-time fee rather than DRI's usual <a href="/wiki/Royalties" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalties">royalty</a> licensing plan.<sup id="cite_ref-Freiberger_1984_Fire_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freiberger_1984_Fire-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After discussions with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, IBM decided to use <a href="/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS">86-DOS</a> (QDOS), a CP/M-like operating system that Microsoft bought from <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Computer_Products" title="Seattle Computer Products">Seattle Computer Products</a> renaming it <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>. Microsoft adapted it for the PC and licensed it to IBM. It was sold by IBM under the name of <a href="/wiki/PC_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS">PC DOS</a>. After learning about the deal, Digital Research founder <a href="/wiki/Gary_Kildall" title="Gary Kildall">Gary Kildall</a> threatened to sue IBM for infringing DRI's <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a>, and IBM agreed to offer CP/M-86 as an alternative operating system on the PC to settle the claim. Most of the <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a> drivers for CP/M-86 for the IBM PC were written by <a href="/wiki/Andy_Johnson-Laird" title="Andy Johnson-Laird">Andy Johnson-Laird</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Digital_Research_CP-M-86_for_the_IBM_Personal_Computer_Version_1.0_720x400.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Digital_Research_CP-M-86_for_the_IBM_Personal_Computer_Version_1.0_720x400.png/220px-Digital_Research_CP-M-86_for_the_IBM_Personal_Computer_Version_1.0_720x400.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Digital_Research_CP-M-86_for_the_IBM_Personal_Computer_Version_1.0_720x400.png/330px-Digital_Research_CP-M-86_for_the_IBM_Personal_Computer_Version_1.0_720x400.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Digital_Research_CP-M-86_for_the_IBM_Personal_Computer_Version_1.0_720x400.png/440px-Digital_Research_CP-M-86_for_the_IBM_Personal_Computer_Version_1.0_720x400.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Digital Research CP/M-86 for the IBM Personal Computer Version 1.0</figcaption></figure> <p>The IBM PC was announced on 12 August 1981, and the first machines began shipping in October the same year, ahead of schedule. CP/M-86 was one of three operating systems available from IBM, with PC DOS and <a href="/wiki/UCSD_p-System" class="mw-redirect" title="UCSD p-System">UCSD p-System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-williams198201_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams198201-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Digital Research's adaptation of CP/M-86 for the IBM PC was released six months after PC DOS in spring 1982, and porting applications from CP/M-80 to either operating system was about equally difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-edlin19820607_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edlin19820607-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1981, Digital Research also released a version for the proprietary <a href="/wiki/IBM_Displaywriter" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Displaywriter">IBM Displaywriter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Digital_Research_1981_News_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Digital_Research_1981_News-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-libes198112_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libes198112-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="CP/M-86/80"></span><span class="anchor" id="CP/M_8-16"></span>On some <a href="/wiki/Multiprocessing" title="Multiprocessing">dual-processor</a> 8-bit/16-bit computers special versions of CP/M-86 could natively run CP/M-86 and CP/M-80 applications.<sup id="cite_ref-pournelle198403_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pournelle198403-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A version for the <a href="/wiki/DEC_Rainbow" class="mw-redirect" title="DEC Rainbow">DEC Rainbow</a> was named CP/M-86/80, whereas the version for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=CompuPro_System_816&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CompuPro System 816 (page does not exist)">CompuPro System 816</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compupro_System_816" class="extiw" title="sr:Compupro System 816">sr</a>]</span> was named CP/M 8-16 (see also: <a href="/wiki/MP/M_8-16" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M 8-16">MP/M 8-16</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildall_1982_8-bit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Compupro816_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Compupro816-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The version of CP/M-86 for the 8085/8088-based <a href="/wiki/Zenith_Z-100" title="Zenith Z-100">Zenith Z-100</a> supported running programs for both processors as well. </p><p>When PC clones came about, Microsoft licensed MS-DOS to other companies as well. Experts found that the two operating systems were technically comparable, with CP/M-86 having better <a href="/wiki/Memory_management" title="Memory management">memory management</a> but DOS being faster. <i><a href="/wiki/BYTE_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="BYTE Magazine">BYTE</a></i> speculated that Microsoft reserving <a href="/wiki/Computer_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">multitasking</a> for <a href="/wiki/Xenix" title="Xenix">Xenix</a> "appears to leave a big opening" for <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_CP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent CP/M-86">Concurrent CP/M-86</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-byte198207_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byte198207-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the IBM PC, however, at <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>240 per copy for IBM's version, CP/M-86 sold poorly compared to the US$40 PC DOS; one survey found that 96.3% of IBM PCs were ordered with DOS, compared to 3.4% with CP/M-86 or Concurrent CP/M-86.<sup id="cite_ref-pcommuniques198302_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcommuniques198302-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-1982 <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_Associates" title="Lifeboat Associates">Lifeboat Associates</a>, perhaps the largest CP/M software vendor, announced its support for DOS over CP/M-86 on the IBM PC.<sup id="cite_ref-pc19820607_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc19820607-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>BYTE</i> warned that IBM, Microsoft, and Lifeboat's support for DOS "poses a serious threat to" CP/M-86,<sup id="cite_ref-williams198201_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams198201-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pournelle" title="Jerry Pournelle">Jerry Pournelle</a> stated in the magazine that "it is clear that Digital Research made some terrible mistakes in the marketing".<sup id="cite_ref-pournelle198309_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pournelle198309-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By early 1983 DRI began selling CP/M-86 1.1 to end users for US$60.<sup id="cite_ref-pcommuniques198302_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcommuniques198302-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advertisements called CP/M-86 a "terrific value", with "instant access to the largest collection of applications software in existence … hundreds of proven, professional software programs for every business and education need"; it also included <a href="/wiki/Graphics_System_Extension" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics System Extension">Graphics System Extension</a> (GSX), formerly US$75.<sup id="cite_ref-byte198306_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byte198306-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1983 the company announced that it would offer DOS versions of all of its languages and utilities. It stated that "obviously, PC DOS has made great market penetration on the IBM PC; we have to admit that", but claimed that "the fact that CP/M-86 has not done as well as DRI had hoped has nothing to do with our decision".<sup id="cite_ref-hughes198307_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hughes198307-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By early 1984 DRI gave free copies of Concurrent CP/M-86 to those who purchased two CP/M-86 applications as a limited time offer, and advertisements stated that the applications were <a href="/wiki/Self-booting_disk" title="Self-booting disk">self-booting disks</a>, which did not require loading CP/M-86 first.<sup id="cite_ref-1984-02_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1984-02-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1984, DRI also announced Kanji CP/M-86, a Japanese version of CP/M-86, for nine Japanese companies including <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Electric Corporation">Mitsubishi Electric Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanyo_Electric_Co._Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd.">Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sord_Computer_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="Sord Computer Corp.">Sord Computer Corp.</a><sup id="cite_ref-CW_1984_News_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW_1984_News-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CW_1984_Kanji_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW_1984_Kanji-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Philippi_1984_DRI_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philippi_1984_DRI-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1984 <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a> announced a number of <a href="/wiki/FM-16" class="mw-redirect" title="FM-16">FM-16</a>-based machines using Kanji CP/M-86.<sup id="cite_ref-CW_1984_22_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW_1984_22-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hiroshi_2006_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiroshi_2006-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CP/M-86 and DOS had very similar functionality, but were not compatible because the system calls for the same functions and <a href="/wiki/Program_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Program file">program file</a> formats were different, so two versions of the same software had to be produced and marketed to run under both operating systems. The command interface again had similar functionality but different syntax; where CP/M-86 (and CP/M) copied file <code>SOURCE</code> to <code>TARGET</code> with the command <code><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Interchange_Program" title="Peripheral Interchange Program">PIP</a> TARGET=SOURCE</code>, DOS used <code>COPY SOURCE TARGET</code>. </p><p>Initially MS-DOS and CP/M-86 also ran on computers not necessarily hardware-compatible with the IBM PC such as the <a href="/wiki/Apricot_Computers" title="Apricot Computers">Apricot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sirius_Systems_Technology" title="Sirius Systems Technology">Sirius</a>, the intention being that software would be independent of hardware by making standardised operating <a href="/wiki/System_call" title="System call">system calls</a> to a version of the operating system custom tailored to the particular hardware. However, writers of software which required fast performance accessed the IBM PC hardware directly instead of going through the operating system, resulting in PC-specific software which performed better than other MS-DOS and CP/M-86 versions; for example, games would display fast by writing to video memory directly instead of suffering the delay of making a call to the operating system, which would then write to a hardware-dependent memory location. Non-PC-compatible computers were soon replaced by models with hardware which behaved identically to the PC's. A consequence of the universal adoption of detailed PC architecture was that no more than 640 kilobytes of memory were supported; early machines running MS-DOS and CP/M-86 did not suffer from this restriction, and some could make use of nearly one megabyte of RAM. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CP/M-86&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a></i> wrote that CP/M-86 "in several ways seems better fitted to the PC" than DOS; however, for those who did not plan to program in assembly language, because it cost six times more "CP/M seems a less compelling purchase". It stated that CP/M-86 was strong in areas where DOS was weak, and vice versa, and that the level of application support for each operating system would be most important, although CP/M-86's lack of a run-time version for applications was a weakness.<sup id="cite_ref-edlin19820607_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edlin19820607-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versions"><span class="anchor" id="1.0"></span><span class="anchor" id="1.1"></span><span class="anchor" id="CP/M-86_Plus_3.1"></span><span class="anchor" id="PCP/M-86_1.0"></span><span class="anchor" id="PCP/M-86_2.0"></span><span class="anchor" id="PCP/M-86_2.11"></span><span class="anchor" id="PCP/M-86_3.1"></span>Versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CP/M-86&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A given version of CP/M-86 has two version numbers. One applies to the whole system and is usually displayed at startup; the other applies to the <a href="/wiki/BDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="BDOS">BDOS</a> <a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernel</a>. Versions known to exist include: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>OS</th> <th>BDOS</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>CP/M-86 1.0 for <a href="/wiki/AST_Research" title="AST Research">AST</a><sup id="cite_ref-Strutynski_2006_Early_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strutynski_2006_Early-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2.2?</td> <td>1981?</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>CP/M-86 1.0 for the <a href="/wiki/Altos_Computer_Systems" title="Altos Computer Systems">Altos</a> <a href="/wiki/ACS_16000" class="mw-redirect" title="ACS 16000">ACS 16000</a>/<a href="/wiki/ACS_8600" class="mw-redirect" title="ACS 8600">8600</a><sup id="cite_ref-Strutynski_2006_Early_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strutynski_2006_Early-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2.2?</td> <td>November 1981<sup id="cite_ref-Garezt_1980_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garezt_1980-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>CP/M-86 Version 1.1 for IBM Displaywriter</td> <td>2.2</td> <td>November 1981<sup id="cite_ref-Digital_Research_1981_News_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Digital_Research_1981_News-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>CP/M-86 1.0 for the <a href="/wiki/Sirius_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirius 1">Sirius 1</a>/<a href="/wiki/Victor_9000" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor 9000">Victor 9000</a></td> <td>2.2a</td> <td>1981/1982</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>CompuView CP/M-86</td> <td>2.x?</td> <td>1982</td> <td>196 KB disk capacity, compatible with IBM PC hardware<sup id="cite_ref-edlin19820607_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edlin19820607-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM CP/M-86 for the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a> Version 1.0</td> <td>2.2</td> <td>1982-04-05<sup id="cite_ref-edlin19820607_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edlin19820607-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Initial release for the IBM PC. 141 KB disk capacity (Initial date defaults to 1982-02-10.)<sup id="cite_ref-edlin19820607_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edlin19820607-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM CP/M-86 for the IBM Personal Computer Version 1.1</td> <td>2.2</td> <td>March 1983</td> <td>Hard drive support was added. </td></tr> <tr> <td>CP/M-86 Plus Version 3.1</td> <td>3.1</td> <td>October 1983</td> <td>Released for the <a href="/wiki/Apricot_PC" title="Apricot PC">Apricot PC</a>. Based on the multitasking Concurrent CP/M-86 kernel, it could run up to four tasks at once. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Personal CP/M-86 Version 1.0</td> <td>3.1</td> <td>November 1983</td> <td>Released for the <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siemens_PG685&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siemens PG685 (page does not exist)">PG685</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Personal CP/M-86 Version 3.1</td> <td>3.3</td> <td>January 1985</td> <td>A version for the <a href="/wiki/Apricot_Computers" title="Apricot Computers">Apricot</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apricot_F-Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apricot F-Series (page does not exist)">F-Series</a> computers. This version gained the ability to use <a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a> formatted disks as used by DOS. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Personal CP/M-86 Version 2.0</td> <td>4.1</td> <td>1986 or later</td> <td>Released for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siemens_PC16-20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siemens PC16-20 (page does not exist)">Siemens PC16-20</a>. This is the same BDOS used in <a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus_1.2" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS Plus 1.2">DOS Plus 1.2</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Personal CP/M-86 Version 2.11</td> <td>4.1</td> <td>1986 or later</td> <td>Released for the Siemens PG685. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>All known Personal CP/M-86 versions contain references to CP/M-86 Plus, suggesting that they are derived from the CP/M-86 Plus codebase. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="SCP1700"></span><span class="anchor" id="CP/K"></span><span class="anchor" id="K8918-OS"></span>A number of 16-bit CP/M-86 derivatives existed in the former East-bloc under the names SCP1700 (<a href="/wiki/Single_User_Control_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Single User Control Program">Single User Control Program</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_User_Control_Program" class="extiw" title="de:Single User Control Program">de</a>]</span>), CP/K, and K8918-OS.<sup id="cite_ref-SCP_2019_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCP_2019-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were produced by the East-German <a href="/wiki/VEB_Robotron" title="VEB Robotron">VEB Robotron</a> Dresden and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiekombinat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energiekombinat (page does not exist)">Energiekombinat</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energiekombinat" class="extiw" title="de:Energiekombinat">de</a>]</span> Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-Robotron_2019_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robotron_2019-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SCP_2019_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCP_2019-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CP/M-86&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Caldera_(company)" title="Caldera (company)">Caldera</a> permitted the redistribution and modification of all original Digital Research files, including source code, related to the CP/M family through <a href="/wiki/Tim_Olmstead_(CP/M)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Olmstead (CP/M)">Tim Olmstead</a>'s "The Unofficial CP/M Web site" since 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Olmstead_1997_1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olmstead_1997_1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Olmstead_1997_2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olmstead_1997_2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caldera_1997_CP/M_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1997_CP/M-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Olmstead's death on 12 September 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-Olmstead_2001_Death_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olmstead_2001_Death-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the free distribution license was refreshed and expanded by <a href="/wiki/Lineo" title="Lineo">Lineo</a>, who had meanwhile become the owner of those Digital Research assets, on 19 October 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparks_2001_CP/M_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparks_2001_CP/M-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chaudry_2001_CP/M_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaudry_2001_CP/M-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gasperson_2001_Collection_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gasperson_2001_Collection-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Swaine_2004_CP/M_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swaine_2004_CP/M-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CP/M-86&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware_(1960s-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of computing hardware (1960s-present)">History of computing hardware (1960s-present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpeedStart_CP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="SpeedStart CP/M-86">SpeedStart CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus" title="DOS Plus">DOS Plus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CP/M-86&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NB_CMD-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NB_CMD_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The same <a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">filename extension</a> <a href="/wiki/CMD_file_(CP/M)" title="CMD file (CP/M)">.CMD</a> is used by <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> for unrelated <a href="/wiki/Batch_file" title="Batch file">batch files</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CP/M-86&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Register_2001-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Register_2001_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/11/26/cp_m_collection_is_back/">"CP/M collection is back online with an Open Source licence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a></i>. 2001-11-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=CP%2FM+collection+is+back+online+with+an+Open+Source+licence&rft.date=2001-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2001%2F11%2F26%2Fcp_m_collection_is_back%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Digital_Research_1981_News-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Digital_Research_1981_News_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Digital_Research_1981_News_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Digital_Research_1981_News_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2017/03/102770749-05-01-acc.pdf">"Digital Research Has CP/M-86 for IBM Displaywriter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Digital Research News – for Digital Research Users Everywhere</i>. <b>1</b> (1). Pacific Grove, California, USA: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a>: 2, 5, 7. November 1981. Fourth Quarter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417075843/https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2017/03/102770749-05-01-acc.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Research+News+%E2%80%93+for+Digital+Research+Users+Everywhere&rft.atitle=Digital+Research+Has+CP%2FM-86+for+IBM+Displaywriter&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2%2C+5%2C+7&rft.date=1981-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.computerhistory.org%2Fresources%2Faccess%2Ftext%2F2017%2F03%2F102770749-05-01-acc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paterson_2007_Design-DOS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2007_Design-DOS_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaterson2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Paterson, Tim</a> (2007-09-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120075653/http://dosmandrivel.blogspot.com/2007/09/design-of-dos.html">"Design of DOS"</a>. <i>DosMan Drivel</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dosmandrivel.blogspot.com/2007/09/design-of-dos.html">the original</a> on 2013-01-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DosMan+Drivel&rft.atitle=Design+of+DOS&rft.date=2007-09-30&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdosmandrivel.blogspot.com%2F2007%2F09%2Fdesign-of-dos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freiberger_1984_Fire-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Freiberger_1984_Fire_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreibergerSwaine2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Freiberger" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Freiberger">Freiberger, Paul</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swaine_(technical_author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Swaine (technical author)">Swaine, Michael</a> (2000) [1984]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fireinvalleymaki00frei_0/page/332"><i>Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). New York, USA: <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fireinvalleymaki00frei_0/page/332">332–333</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-135892-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-135892-7"><bdi>0-07-135892-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fire+in+the+Valley%3A+The+Making+of+the+Personal+Computer&rft.place=New+York%2C+USA&rft.pages=332-333&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-07-135892-7&rft.aulast=Freiberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Swaine%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffireinvalleymaki00frei_0%2Fpage%2F332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-williams198201-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-williams198201_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams198201_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1982" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Gregg (January 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1982-01/1982_01_BYTE_07-01_The_IBM_Personal_Computer#page/n37/mode/2up">"A Closer Look at the IBM Personal Computer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BYTE_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="BYTE Magazine">BYTE Magazine</a></i>. <b>7</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">36–</span>68<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerwoche&rft.atitle=Kanji+CPM-System+von+Digital+Research+Japan&rft.date=1984-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerwoche.de%2Fa%2Fkanji-cpm-system-von-digital-research-japan%2C1172314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Philippi_1984_DRI-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Philippi_1984_DRI_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilippiLambBuda2019" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Philippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald L. Philippi">Philippi, Donald L.</a>; Lamb, John David; Buda, Janusz, eds. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technical+Japanese+Translation&rft.atitle=Digital+Research+Japan+Develops+Japanese+Word-Processing+Software+For+16-Bit%2C+8-Bit+Personal+Computers%3B+Features+Grammatical+Analysis+Functions&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=11&rft.date=2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.f.waseda.jp%2Fbuda%2Ftjt%2Ftjt-11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CW_1984_22-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CW_1984_22_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I22P2C-ydp4C&pg=PA22">"International Report – Japan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a> – The Newsweekly for the Computer Community</i>. News. Vol. XVII, no. 51. Tokyo, Japan: <a href="/wiki/CW_Communications,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="CW Communications, Inc.">CW Communications, Inc.</a> 1984-12-17. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4841">0010-4841</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217022953/https://books.google.de/books?id=I22P2C-ydp4C&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&redir_esc=y">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld+%E2%80%93+The+Newsweekly+for+the+Computer+Community&rft.atitle=International+Report+%E2%80%93+Japan&rft.volume=XVII&rft.issue=51&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1984-12-17&rft.issn=0010-4841&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI22P2C-ydp4C%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hiroshi_2006-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hiroshi_2006_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiroshi2006" class="citation web cs1">Hiroshi, Hatta (2006-02-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/personal/0015.html">"Fujitsu FM16π (PAI)"</a>. <i>IPSJ Computer Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170124102239/http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/personal/0015.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-01-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IPSJ+Computer+Museum&rft.atitle=Fujitsu+FM16%CF%80+%28PAI%29&rft.date=2006-02-20&rft.aulast=Hiroshi&rft.aufirst=Hatta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.ipsj.or.jp%2Fen%2Fcomputer%2Fpersonal%2F0015.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strutynski_2006_Early-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strutynski_2006_Early_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strutynski_2006_Early_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrutynski2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Strutynski" title="Kathryn Strutynski">Strutynski, Kathryn</a> (2006-05-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/moving_image/2017/01/102762830-02-01-acc.wmv">"Kathy Strutynski Early Years at Digital Research Incorporated"</a> (Video). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/CHMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CHMID (identifier)">CHM Catalog Number</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102762830">102762830</a>. <a href="/wiki/ITCHP_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ITCHP (identifier)">ITCHP</a> 446f9931d5fa6. Lot X7847.2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816115424/https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/moving_image/2017/01/102762830-02-01-acc.wmv">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-08-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-16</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kathy+Strutynski+Early+Years+at+Digital+Research+Incorporated&rft.date=2006-05-19&rft.aulast=Strutynski&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.computerhistory.org%2Fresources%2Faccess%2Fmoving_image%2F2017%2F01%2F102762830-02-01-acc.wmv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span> [8:23]; Bill Selmeier (ed.) 2006-05-24 (NB. About tasks, working relations, and stories from the very earliest years of Digital Research Incorporated.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garezt_1980-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garezt_1980_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarezt1980" class="citation news cs1">Garezt, Mark (1980-12-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nD4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT11">"According to Garetz..."</a> InfoViews. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a> – The Newspaper for the Microcomputing Community</i>. Vol. 2, no. 23. Palo Alto, California, USA: <a href="/wiki/Popular_Computing,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Computing, Inc.">Popular Computing, Inc.</a> p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld+%E2%80%93+The+Newspaper+for+the+Microcomputing+Community&rft.atitle=According+to+Garetz...&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1980-12-22&rft.issn=0199-6649&rft.aulast=Garezt&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnD4EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPT11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCP_2019-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SCP_2019_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCP_2019_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurthGroßHunger2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kurth, Rüdiger; Groß, Martin; Hunger, Henry (2019-01-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robotrontechnik.de/index.htm?/html/software/scp.htm">"Betriebssystem SCP"</a>. <i>www.robotrontechnik.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190427210627/http://www.robotrontechnik.de/index.htm?/html/software/scp.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.robotrontechnik.de&rft.atitle=Betriebssystem+SCP&rft.date=2019-01-03&rft.aulast=Kurth&rft.aufirst=R%C3%BCdiger&rft.au=Gro%C3%9F%2C+Martin&rft.au=Hunger%2C+Henry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robotrontechnik.de%2Findex.htm%3F%2Fhtml%2Fsoftware%2Fscp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robotron_2019-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Robotron_2019_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurthGroßHunger2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kurth, Rüdiger; Groß, Martin; Hunger, Henry (2019-01-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robotrontechnik.de/html/software/os.htm">"Betriebssysteme"</a>. <i>www.robotrontechnik.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190427211056/http://www.robotrontechnik.de/index.htm?/html/software/os.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.robotrontechnik.de&rft.atitle=Betriebssysteme&rft.date=2019-01-03&rft.aulast=Kurth&rft.aufirst=R%C3%BCdiger&rft.au=Gro%C3%9F%2C+Martin&rft.au=Hunger%2C+Henry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robotrontechnik.de%2Fhtml%2Fsoftware%2Fos.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olmstead_1997_1-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olmstead_1997_1_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlmstead1997" class="citation newsgroup cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Olmstead_(CP/M)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Olmstead (CP/M)">Olmstead, Tim</a> (1997-08-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170901022510/http://z80cpu.eu/files/archive/news/comp.os.cpm/threads/e088021c97ffcb09.html">"CP/M Web site needs a host"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:comp.os.cpm">comp.os.cpm</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://z80cpu.eu/files/archive/news/comp.os.cpm/threads/e088021c97ffcb09.html">the original</a> on 2017-09-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CP%2FM+Web+site+needs+a+host&rft.pub=comp.os.cpm&rft.date=1997-08-10&rft.aulast=Olmstead&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fz80cpu.eu%2Ffiles%2Farchive%2Fnews%2Fcomp.os.cpm%2Fthreads%2Fe088021c97ffcb09.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olmstead_1997_2-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olmstead_1997_2_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlmstead1997" class="citation newsgroup cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Olmstead_(CP/M)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Olmstead (CP/M)">Olmstead, Tim</a> (1997-08-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170901150920/http://z80cpu.eu/roche-pages/78-data-articles/projects/75-comp-os-cpm">"ANNOUNCE: Caldera CP/M site is now up"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:comp.os.cpm">comp.os.cpm</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://z80cpu.eu/roche-pages/78-data-articles/projects/75-comp-os-cpm">the original</a> on 2017-09-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANNOUNCE%3A+Caldera+CP%2FM+site+is+now+up&rft.pub=comp.os.cpm&rft.date=1997-08-29&rft.aulast=Olmstead&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fz80cpu.eu%2Froche-pages%2F78-data-articles%2Fprojects%2F75-comp-os-cpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011006110826/http://cdl.uta.edu/cpm">[1]</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caldera_1997_CP/M-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1997_CP/M_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/archive/unofficial/lisence.html">"License Agreement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Caldera,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera, Inc.">Caldera, Inc.</a> 1997-08-28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180908191417/http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/archive/unofficial/lisence.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=License+Agreement&rft.pub=Caldera%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1997-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.retroarchive.org%2Fcpm%2Farchive%2Funofficial%2Flisence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="ftp://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/pub/pc/caldera/cpm2.2/README.license.txt">[2]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="ftp://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/pub/pc/caldera/cpm2.2/">[3]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olmstead_2001_Death-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olmstead_2001_Death_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180909035647/https://z80cpu.eu/files/archive/news/comp.os.cpm/threads/8c448283536de864.html">"Tim Olmstead"</a>. 2001-09-12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://z80cpu.eu/files/archive/news/comp.os.cpm/threads/8c448283536de864.html">the original</a> on 2018-09-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tim+Olmstead&rft.date=2001-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fz80cpu.eu%2Ffiles%2Farchive%2Fnews%2Fcomp.os.cpm%2Fthreads%2F8c448283536de864.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparks_2001_CP/M-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparks_2001_CP/M_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSparks2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Wayne_Sparks" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryan Wayne Sparks">Sparks, Bryan Wayne</a> (2001-10-19). Chaudry, Gabriele "Gaby" (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpm.z80.de/license.html">"License agreement for the CP/M material presented on this site"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lineo,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Lineo, Inc.">Lineo, Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180908185132/http://www.cpm.z80.de/license.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-09</span></span>. <q>[…] Let this email represent a right to use, distribute, modify, enhance and otherwise make available in a nonexclusive manner the CP/M technology as part of the "Unofficial CP/M Web Site" with its maintainers, developers and community. I further state that as Chairman and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Lineo,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Lineo, Inc.">Lineo, Inc.</a> that I have the right to do offer such a license. […] <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Wayne_Sparks" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryan Wayne Sparks">Bryan Sparks</a> […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=License+agreement+for+the+CP%2FM+material+presented+on+this+site&rft.pub=Lineo%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2001-10-19&rft.aulast=Sparks&rft.aufirst=Bryan+Wayne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpm.z80.de%2Flicense.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chaudry_2001_CP/M-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chaudry_2001_CP/M_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaudry" class="citation web cs1">Chaudry, Gabriele "Gaby" (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpm.z80.de/">"The Unofficial CP/M Web Site"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160203184144/http://www.cpm.z80.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-02-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Unofficial+CP%2FM+Web+Site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpm.z80.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gasperson_2001_Collection-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gasperson_2001_Collection_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasperson2001" class="citation web cs1">Gasperson, Tina (2001-11-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/11/26/cp_m_collection_is_back/">"CP/M collection is back online with an Open Source licence – Walk down memory lane"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170901000720/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/11/26/cp_m_collection_is_back/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=CP%2FM+collection+is+back+online+with+an+Open+Source+licence+%E2%80%93+Walk+down+memory+lane&rft.date=2001-11-26&rft.aulast=Gasperson&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2001%2F11%2F26%2Fcp_m_collection_is_back%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swaine_2004_CP/M-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swaine_2004_CP/M_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwaine2004" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Swaine_(technical_author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Swaine (technical author)">Swaine, Michael</a> (2004-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180909035748/http://www.drdobbs.com/cpm-and-drm/184405699">"CP/M and DRM"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal" title="Dr. Dobb's Journal">Dr. Dobb's Journal</a></i>. <b>29</b> (6). <a href="/wiki/CMP_Media_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="CMP Media LLC">CMP Media LLC</a>: <span class="nowrap">71–</span>73. #361. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drdobbs.com/cpm-and-drm/184405699">the original</a> on 2018-09-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dr.+Dobb%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=CP%2FM+and+DRM&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.aulast=Swaine&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drdobbs.com%2Fcpm-and-drm%2F184405699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://epdf.pub/dr-dobbs-journal-june.html">[4]</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CP/M-86&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahmke1984" class="citation book cs1">Dahmke, Mark (1984). <i>The Byte Guide to CP/M-86</i>. <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-015072-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-015072-0"><bdi>978-0-07-015072-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byte+Guide+to+CP%2FM-86&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-07-015072-0&rft.aulast=Dahmke&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACP%2FM-86" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CP/M-86&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpm.z80.de/">The Unofficial CP/M Website</a>, which has a licence from the copyright holder to distribute original Digital Research software.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/CPM-faq/">The comp.os.cpm FAQ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131007025338/http://www.intel-vintage.info/apps/videos/videos/show/18129431-intel-ipds-100-cp-m">Intel iPDS-100 Using CP/M-Video</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="MP/M">MP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiuser_DOS" title="Multiuser DOS">Multiuser DOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CPMulator" title="CPMulator">CPMulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_project" title="Star Trek project">Star Trek project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computers_running_CP/M" title="List of computers running CP/M">List of computers running CP/M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Disk_operating_systems" title="Template:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Disk_operating_systems" title="Template talk:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Disk_operating_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Disk_operating_systems_(DOS)372" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">Disk operating systems</a> (DOS)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS,<br />compatible systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*API_*Timeline_*Comparison_*Commands_*Games189"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DOS_API" title="DOS API">API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Timeline of DOS operating systems">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Comparison of DOS operating systems">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DOS_commands" title="List of DOS commands">Commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_DOS_games" title="Index of DOS games">Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_4.0_(multitasking)" title="MS-DOS 4.0 (multitasking)">Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_7" title="MS-DOS 7">MS-DOS 7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS">IBM PC DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS/V" title="DOS/V">DOS/V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS">DR-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="H-DOS">H-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS">Novell DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROM-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="ROM-DOS">ROM-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SISNE_plus" title="SISNE plus">SISNE plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTS-DOS" title="PTS-DOS">PTS-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_4680_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 4680 OS">4680 OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4690_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="4690 OS">4690 OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS">86-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADOS_(Russian_operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="ADOS (Russian operating system)">ADOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_CP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent CP/M-86">Concurrent CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS">Concurrent DOS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/K" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/K">CP/K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datapac_System_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Datapac System Manager">Datapac System Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus" title="DOS Plus">DOS Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K8918-OS" class="mw-redirect" title="K8918-OS">K8918-OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M-86">MP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiuser_DOS" title="Multiuser DOS">Multiuser DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetWare_PalmDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="NetWare PalmDOS">NetWare PalmDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS">Novell DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDOS">OpenDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-MOS/386" title="PC-MOS/386">PC-MOS/386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REAL/32" class="mw-redirect" title="REAL/32">REAL/32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-86" class="mw-redirect" title="SB-86">SB-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCP1700" class="mw-redirect" title="SCP1700">SCP1700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towns_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Towns OS">Towns OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboDOS" title="TurboDOS">TurboDOS</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaDOS" title="AmigaDOS">AmigaDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMSDOS" title="AMSDOS">AMSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANDOS" title="ANDOS">ANDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_DOS" title="Apple DOS">Apple DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProDOS" title="Apple ProDOS">Apple ProDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_SOS" title="Apple SOS">Apple SOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_DOS" title="Atari DOS">Atari DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_TOS" title="Atari TOS">Atari TOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BW-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="BW-DOS">BW-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_DOS" title="Commodore DOS">Commodore DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_68K" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 68K">Concurrent DOS 68K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_V60" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS V60">Concurrent DOS V60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromemco_DOS" title="Cromemco DOS">Cromemco DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSI-DOS" title="CSI-DOS">CSI-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_BATCH-11/DOS-11" title="DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11">DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIP_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="DIP DOS">DIP DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS/360" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS/360">DOS/360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_XL" title="DOS XL">DOS XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edos" title="Edos">Edos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EOS_(8-bit_operating_system)" title="EOS (8-bit operating system)">EOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLEX_(operating_system)" title="FLEX (operating system)">FLEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEMDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="GEMDOS">GEMDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDEDOS" title="IDEDOS">IDEDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDOS" title="IMDOS">IMDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-DOS" title="IS-DOS">iS-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_(operating_system)" title="ISIS (operating system)">ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myarc_Disk_Operating_System" title="Myarc Disk Operating System">MDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RCA_MicroDOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RCA MicroDOS (page does not exist)">MicroDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP/M" title="MP/M">MP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX-DOS" title="MSX-DOS">MSX-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="MyDOS">MyDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewDos/80" title="NewDos/80">NewDos/80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS/M" class="mw-redirect" title="OS/M">OS/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTDOS" title="PTDOS">PTDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="RealDOS">RealDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-80" class="mw-redirect" title="SB-80">SB-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_User_Control_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Single User Control Program">SCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_QDOS" title="Sinclair QDOS">Sinclair QDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_General_RDOS" title="Data General RDOS">RDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="SmartDOS">SmartDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpartaDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="SpartaDOS">SpartaDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpartaDOS_X" title="SpartaDOS X">SpartaDOS X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Support_SuperDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical Support SuperDOS">Technical Support SuperDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-DOS">Top-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-DOS" title="TR-DOS">TR-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRSDOS" title="TRSDOS">TRSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboDOS" title="TurboDOS">TurboDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="UDOS">UDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-DOS" title="Z-DOS">Z-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z80-RIO" title="Z80-RIO">Z80-RIO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Disk_operating_systems" title="Category:Disk operating systems">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" 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