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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardell_Gray" title="Wardell Gray – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wardell Gray" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardell_Gray" title="Wardell Gray – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wardell Gray" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardell_Gray" title="Wardell Gray – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Wardell Gray" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%84_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="واردل گری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واردل گری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardell_Gray" title="Wardell Gray – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wardell Gray" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardell_Gray" title="Wardell Gray – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wardell Gray" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardell_Gray" title="Wardell Gray – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wardell Gray" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardell_Gray" title="Wardell Gray – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wardell Gray" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%89" title="وارديل جراى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وارديل جراى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardell_Gray" title="Wardell Gray – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wardell Gray" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardell_Gray" title="Wardell Gray – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wardell Gray" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ворделл Грей – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ворделл Грей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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font-size: 125%;"><div class="fn">Wardell Gray</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wardell_Gray.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d8/Wardell_Gray.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="245" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="245" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1921-02-13</span>)</span>February 13, 1921<br /><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 25, 1955<span style="display:none">(1955-05-25)</span> (aged 34)<br /><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bebop</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Musician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instrument(s)</th><td class="infobox-data note">Tenor saxophone, clarinet</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1940–1955</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Hines" title="Earl Hines">Earl Hines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dexter_Gordon" title="Dexter Gordon">Dexter Gordon</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> <p><b>Wardell Gray</b> (February 13, 1921 – May 25, 1955) was an American jazz <a href="/wiki/Tenor_saxophone" title="Tenor saxophone">tenor saxophonist</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The youngest of four children, Gray was born in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a>. He spent his early childhood years in Oklahoma before he and his family moved to <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, Michigan<sup id="cite_ref-proper_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proper-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1929. </p><p>In early 1935, Gray began attending Northeastern High School, he was then transferred to <a href="/wiki/Cass_Technical_High_School" title="Cass Technical High School">Cass Technical High School</a>. He left in 1936, before graduating. Advised by his brother-in-law Junior Warren, Gray as a teenager started learning the clarinet. However, after hearing Lester Young on record with Count Basie, he was inspired to switch to the tenor saxophone. </p><p>Gray's first musical job was in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Goodwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaac Goodwin (page does not exist)">Isaac Goodwin</a>'s small band, a part-time band that played local dances. When auditioning for another job, he was heard by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Patton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorothy Patton (page does not exist)">Dorothy Patton</a>, a young pianist who was forming a band in the Fraternal Club in <a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint, Michigan</a>, she later hired him. After a year there, he moved to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Raschel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jimmy Raschel (page does not exist)">Jimmy Raschel</a>'s band (Raschel had recorded a few sides earlier in the 1930s but did not do so again), and then to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benny_Carew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benny Carew (page does not exist)">Benny Carew</a> band in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Rapids">Grand Rapids</a>, Michigan. Around this time, he met Jeanne Goings; they had a daughter, Anita, born in January 1941. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="With_the_Earl_Hines_Orchestra">With the Earl Hines Orchestra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: With the Earl Hines Orchestra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Near the Congo Club was the Three Sixes.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A young dancer, Jeri Walker, knew <a href="/wiki/Earl_Hines" title="Earl Hines">Earl Hines</a>, and when the Hines band came through Detroit in late 1943, she persuaded Hines to hire Gray on alto saxophone since there was no tenor saxophone job at the time. This was a break for the 21-year-old, as the Earl Hines Orchestra was not only nationally known but had nurtured the careers of emerging bebop musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a>. Although most of them had left when Gray joined, playing with the Hines band was a stimulating experience. He married Jeri Walker in Chicago in September 1945. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrival_on_the_West_Coast">Arrival on the West Coast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Arrival on the West Coast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He left Hines late in 1946, settling in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>; soon after arriving, he recorded the first session under his name. This was a quartet session for Eddie Laguna's <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Records" title="Sunset Records">Sunset label</a>, and on it Wardell was supported by <a href="/wiki/Dodo_Marmarosa" title="Dodo Marmarosa">Dodo Marmarosa</a> on piano. The date produced "Easy Swing" and "<a href="/wiki/The_Man_I_Love_(song)" title="The Man I Love (song)">The Man I Love</a>". </p><p>In Los Angeles, Wardell worked with <a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bebop_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bebop-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> blues singer <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Joe_Hunter" title="Ivory Joe Hunter">Ivory Joe Hunter</a>, and the small group that supported singer <a href="/wiki/Billy_Eckstine" title="Billy Eckstine">Billy Eckstine</a> on a tour of the West Coast. But the real focus in Los Angeles was in clubs along Central Avenue, which were still thriving after the boom years brought about by the huge injection of wartime defence spending. Here Wardell played in after-hours sessions in clubs such as <a href="/wiki/Jack%27s_Basket_Room" title="Jack's Basket Room">Jack's Basket Room</a>, the Down Beat, Lovejoy's, and the Club Alabama. His early success in these sessions led <a href="/wiki/Ross_Russell_(jazz)" title="Ross Russell (jazz)">Ross Russell</a> to include him in a studio session he was organizing for his <a href="/wiki/Dial_Records_(1946)" title="Dial Records (1946)">Dial label</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Central Avenue clubs Wardell held tenor battles with <a href="/wiki/Dexter_Gordon" title="Dexter Gordon">Dexter Gordon</a>. Gordon recalled, "There'd be a lot of cats on the stand, but by the end of the session, it would wind up with Wardell and myself...His playing was very fluid, very clean.... He had a lot of drive and a profusion of ideas".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their fame began to spread, and Ross Russell managed to get them to simulate one of their battles on "The Chase", which became Wardell's first nationally known recording and has been called "one of the most exciting musical contests in the history of jazz".<sup id="cite_ref-JazzBook_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JazzBook-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The success of "The Chase" was the break Wardell needed, and he became increasingly prominent in public sessions in and around Los Angeles, including a series of jam sessions organized by the disc jockey <a href="/wiki/Gene_Norman" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene Norman">Gene Norman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bebop_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bebop-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were concerts at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium, the <a href="/wiki/Shrine_Auditorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrine Auditorium">Shrine Auditorium</a>, and other venues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Benny_Goodman_and_Count_Basie">Benny Goodman and Count Basie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Benny Goodman and Count Basie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Outside from time spent with a small band led by <a href="/wiki/Al_Killian" title="Al Killian">Al Killian</a>, Wardell was still working mainly in one-off sessions during 1947. However, at a concert around the turn of that year featuring <a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a>, Goodman hired him for a small group that he was setting up as part of his flirtation with bebop. Goodman had been critical of bop playing but, speaking of Wardell to <a href="/wiki/Metronome_(magazine)" title="Metronome (magazine)"><i>Metronome</i></a>, he said that "if he's bop, that's great. He's wonderful!" </p><p>Goodman's new group included the young Swedish clarinettist <a href="/wiki/Stan_Hasselgard" class="mw-redirect" title="Stan Hasselgard">Stan Hasselgard</a> and, initially, <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Wilson" title="Teddy Wilson">Teddy Wilson</a>, and it opened at <a href="/wiki/Frank_Palumbo" title="Frank Palumbo">Frank Palumbo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Palumbos" class="mw-redirect" title="Palumbos">Click Club</a> in Philadelphia in May 1948. </p><p>The group was not a financial success and Goodman eventually broke it up, but by now Wardell was established on the East Coast as an up-and-coming musician. For a while in late 1948/early 1949 he worked with the <a href="/wiki/Count_Basie_Orchestra" title="Count Basie Orchestra">Count Basie Orchestra</a>, while also managing to record with <a href="/wiki/Tadd_Dameron" title="Tadd Dameron">Tadd Dameron</a> and in quartet and quintet sessions with <a href="/wiki/Al_Haig" title="Al Haig">Al Haig</a>. The quartet session included "Twisted", which was used as the basis for a best-selling <a href="/wiki/Twisted_(Annie_Ross_song)" title="Twisted (Annie Ross song)">vocalese version</a> by <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ross" title="Annie Ross">Annie Ross</a>. </p><p>Wardell left Basie in 1949 to return to Benny Goodman. However, life in the Goodman band became increasingly uncongenial for him. In addition, his marriage to Jeri was breaking up. Goodman was not an easy employer at the best of times, and this, combined with the constant traveling, made Wardell increasingly unhappy. The result of this were recordings of the band, both studio sessions, and live airshots, featured work by Wardell that is below his own best standards. </p><p>On leaving Goodman, Wardell rejoined Count Basie. Basie had bowed to economic pressures and broken up his big band, forming a septet which included <a href="/wiki/Clark_Terry" title="Clark Terry">Clark Terry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddy_DeFranco" title="Buddy DeFranco">Buddy DeFranco</a>. Wardell was part of the Basie septet during 1950–51.<sup id="cite_ref-Bebop_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bebop-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only drawback to working with Basie (who had by now enlarged his group again to big band size) was the constant traveling, and Wardell eventually decided to leave so that he could enjoy more home life. The decision was entirely understandable, though the Basie rhythm section was ideally suited to Wardell's brand of swing and, from a musical point of view, enthusiasts for his playing may regret his decision. And an unexpected side-effect was that, because work in the LA area was short (for black musicians, anyway) Wardell still had to travel frequently in search of jobs. Nevertheless, life at home was good, and one of the few interviews that he ever gave (to the British <i><a href="/wiki/Melody_Maker" title="Melody Maker">Melody Maker</a></i>) showed that he was very happy. </p><p>In 1950, Gray played a live concert at the San Francisco Veteran's Memorial Hall as a guest with Gerald Wilson's band. Remarkably captured in high fidelity stereo (the only such example in his discography), this recording was released for the first time in 2006 . Gray can be heard in fine form during featured solo spots with small combo backup on "<a href="/wiki/Nice_Work_If_You_Can_Get_It_(song)" title="Nice Work If You Can Get It (song)">Nice Work if You Can Get It</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/(Back_Home_Again_in)_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="(Back Home Again in) Indiana">Indiana</a>" and also with Wilson's big band on the blues "Hollywood Freeway" where Gray trades exciting choruses with <a href="/wiki/Zoot_Sims" title="Zoot Sims">Zoot Sims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stan_Getz" title="Stan Getz">Stan Getz</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At around this time, his recording sessions started becoming fewer—though a live session with Dexter Gordon, recreating the excitements of Central Avenue, and a studio session with <a href="/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer">Art Farmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Hawes" title="Hampton Hawes">Hampton Hawes</a>, have fine examples of Gray's playing. </p><p>However, there are increasing signs of a lack of engagement around 1951/52, notably in a further live session with Dexter Gordon from February 1952, and it seems that he may have been becoming disillusioned with the music business. That he was still capable of playing superbly is shown by his work on a live jam session at <a href="/wiki/The_Haig" title="The Haig">The Haig</a>, but such sessions were by now very sparse, and more typical work from this period was recorded on a session with <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Charles" title="Teddy Charles">Teddy Charles</a> . </p><p>Around this time, Gray became involved with drugs; friends reported that this was taking its toll. His playing was now less fluent, and a studio session in January 1955, which was to be his last, shows strong but (by his own standards) rather unsubtle playing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disappearance_and_death">Disappearance and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Disappearance and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gray was still working regularly despite his drug problems, and when <a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a> was engaged in May 1955 to provide the band at the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge_Hotel" title="Moulin Rouge Hotel">Moulin Rouge Hotel</a>, he called on Gray. Gray attended rehearsals but was absent when the club opened on May 25. The next day he was found on a stretch of desert on the outskirts of Las Vegas<sup id="cite_ref-JazzBook_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JazzBook-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dead with a broken neck. At the age of 34, he died of a heroin overdose.<sup id="cite_ref-Bebop_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bebop-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although various sources still describe the circumstances of Gray's death as mysterious, the closing note of a solography on the tribute website wardellgray.org states that " 'The circumstances are now clear (ref. Han Schulte interviewing Teddy Edwards in the late 80s): Teddy was on the spot, May 1955 in Las Vegas, when WG died in his hotel room after an overdose. His friends, working with the group of Benny Carter in LA, wanted no police trouble, so they put his body in a car and brought it to the desert. By unloading, the body fell on the ground and his neck was broken. That's it.' "<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/James_Ellroy" title="James Ellroy">James Ellroy</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cold_Six_Thousand" title="The Cold Six Thousand">The Cold Six Thousand</a></i> contains a reference to Gray's disappearance and death:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to this, he was murdered by (fictional) racist conspirator Wayne Tedrow, Sr. for having an affair with his wife, Janice. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bill_Moody_(author)" title="Bill Moody (author)">Bill Moody</a>'s book <i>Death of a Tenor Man</i> tells the story of a contemporary investigation of Wardell's death by fictional detective/pianist Evan Horne.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Jack Kerouac</a> explicitly references Wardell in his novel <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Road" title="On the Road">On the Road</a></i>: "They ate voraciously as Neal, sandwich in hand, stood bowed and jumping before the big phonograph listening to a wild bop record I just bought called 'The Hunt', with Dexter Gordon and Wardell Gray blowing their tops before a screaming audience that gave the record fantastic frenzied volume."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_leader">As leader</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: As leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Tenor Sax Favorites</i> (Prestige, 1951)</li> <li><i>The Chase and the Steeplechase</i> (Decca, 1952)</li> <li><i>Los Angeles All Stars</i> (Prestige, 1953)</li> <li><i>Memorial Vol. 1</i> (Prestige, 1955)</li> <li><i>Memorial Vol. 2</i> (Prestige, 1955)</li> <li><i>Way Out Wardell</i> (Modern, 1956)</li> <li><i>Live in Hollywood</i> (Xanadu, 1977)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_sideman">As sideman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: As sideman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bellson" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Bellson">Louis Bellson</a></b> </p> <ul><li><i>Just Jazz All-Stars</i> (Capitol, 1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skin_Deep_(Louis_Bellson_album)" title="Skin Deep (Louis Bellson album)">Skin Deep</a></i> (Norgran, 1953)</li></ul> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Frank_Morgan_(musician)" title="Frank Morgan (musician)">Frank Morgan</a></b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Morgan_(album)" title="Frank Morgan (album)">Frank Morgan</a></i> (Gene Norman Presents, 1955)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Gioia" title="Ted Gioia">Gioia, Ted</a> (1992). <i>West Coast Jazz: Modern Jazz in California, 1945-1960</i>. University of California Press. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-21729-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-21729-2">0-520-21729-2</a>.</li> <li>Moody, Bill (1995). <i>Death Of A Tenor Man</i>, Dell Publishing, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-440-22324-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-440-22324-5">0-440-22324-5</a>.</li> <li>Bjorn, Lars and Jim Gallert (2001). <i>Before Motown: A History of Jazz in Detroit, 1920-60</i>. University of Michigan Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-06765-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-06765-6">0-472-06765-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-proper-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-proper_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joop Visser, "Dexter Gordon: Settin' the Pace", Proper Records, p23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Owens, Keith A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.metrotimes.com/20/43/Gallery/storyHastingsStreet.htm">"Hastings Street breakdown: The history of Detroit blues from Black Bottom to Belle Isle."</a> <i>www2.metrotimes.com</i>, July 25, 2000. Retrieved January 30, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bebop-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bebop_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bebop_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bebop_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bebop_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYanow2000" class="citation book cs1">Yanow, Scott (2000). <i>Bebop</i>. San Francisco: Miller Freeman. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0879306084" title="Special:BookSources/0879306084"><bdi>0879306084</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bebop&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Miller+Freeman&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0879306084&rft.aulast=Yanow&rft.aufirst=Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWardell+Gray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell1976" class="citation book cs1">Russell, Ross (1976). <i>Bird Lives!</i>. Quartet. pp. 238–240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7043-3094-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7043-3094-6"><bdi>0-7043-3094-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bird+Lives%21&rft.pages=238-240&rft.pub=Quartet&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-7043-3094-6&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Ross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWardell+Gray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cited in Visser, pp. 24-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JazzBook-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JazzBook_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JazzBook_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerendt1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joachim-Ernst_Berendt" title="Joachim-Ernst Berendt">Berendt, Joachim</a> (1976). <i>The Jazz Book</i>. Paladin. p. 357.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jazz+Book&rft.pages=357&rft.pub=Paladin&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Berendt&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWardell+Gray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvensmo,_JanAccardi,_James2014" class="citation web cs1">Evensmo, Jan; Accardi, James (8 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wardellgray.org/pdfdocuments/Wardell%20Gray%20Solography.pdf">"The Tenorsax of Wardell Gray"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(.pdf)</span>. <i>wardellgray.org</i>. p. 37<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wardellgray.org&rft.atitle=The+Tenorsax+of+Wardell+Gray&rft.pages=37&rft.date=2014-06-08&rft.au=Evensmo%2C+Jan&rft.au=Accardi%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwardellgray.org%2Fpdfdocuments%2FWardell%2520Gray%2520Solography.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWardell+Gray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxn_lSxLvxAC&dq=wardell+gray+the+cold+six+thousand&pg=PA322">James Ellroy, <i>The Cold Six Thousand</i></a>, Windmill Books, 2010, pp. 271, 284 and 372.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bill Moody, <i>Death of a Tenor Man</i>, Dark City Books, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Kerouac, <i>On the Road: The Original Scroll</i>, Penguin Books, 2007, p 215.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wonka.hampshire.edu/~arPF/ftenor/index.html">Abraham Ravett's site 'Forgotten Tenor' based around his film on Wardell</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070707033828/http://wonka.hampshire.edu/~arPF/ftenor/index.html">Archived</a> 2007-07-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzuwUHjM7ys"><span class="plainlinks">Video of Count Basie Meets Clark Terry, Featuring Wardell Gray on Tenor</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wardellgray.org">Wardell Gray Website: This site provides a full discography, chronology and many other features about Wardell Gray</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cGoHiTwThQI">Album: Way Out Wardell</a>, With Wardell Gray, <a href="/wiki/Erroll_Garner" title="Erroll Garner">Erroll Garner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vido_Musso" title="Vido Musso">Vido Musso</a> (ts), <a href="/wiki/Howard_McGhee" title="Howard McGhee">Howard McGhee</a> (tp), <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Ross" title="Arnold Ross">Arnold Ross</a> (p), <a href="/wiki/Barney_Kessel" title="Barney Kessel">Barney Kessel</a> (g), <a href="/wiki/Harry_Babasin" title="Harry Babasin">Harry Babasin</a> (b), <a href="/wiki/Don_Lamond" title="Don Lamond">Don Lamond</a> (ds), Recorded：Los Angeles, CA, February 27, 1947.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740384#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740384#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740384#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000055151763">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/76500225">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/82290/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJy4fjhbYgG8JV7xxBcXVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/131621270">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81132017">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13894680x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13894680x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gray, Wardell"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/FERV076332">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p097837377">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007354573405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14640354">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ab2f2944-545f-4ea5-8ff0-31a5723ff5f3">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/318738">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/131621270">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/084288396">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6gf3hx3">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&oldid=1256018127">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wardell_Gray&oldid=1256018127</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1921_births" 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