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<ul id="toc-History_of_the_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Merovingian_phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merovingian_phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Merovingian phase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merovingian_phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carolingian_phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carolingian_phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Carolingian phase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carolingian_phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malberg_glosses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malberg_glosses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Malberg glosses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malberg_glosses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Some_tenets_of_the_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Some_tenets_of_the_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Some tenets of the law</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Some_tenets_of_the_law-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Some tenets of the law subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Some_tenets_of_the_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agnatic_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agnatic_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Agnatic succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agnatic_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Female_inheritance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Female_inheritance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Female inheritance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Female_inheritance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications_of_the_succession_and_inheritance_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications_of_the_succession_and_inheritance_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Applications of the succession and inheritance laws</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications_of_the_succession_and_inheritance_laws-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Applications of the succession and inheritance laws subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Applications_of_the_succession_and_inheritance_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>In France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_succession_in_1316" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_succession_in_1316"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>The succession in 1316</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_succession_in_1316-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_succession_in_1328" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_succession_in_1328"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>The succession in 1328</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_succession_in_1328-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergence_of_the_Salic_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergence_of_the_Salic_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Emergence of the Salic law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergence_of_the_Salic_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_European_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_European_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Other European applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_European_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Literary references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Salic law</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliese_wet" title="Saliese wet – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Saliese wet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Salica" title="Lex Salica – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Lex Salica" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="القانون السالي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القانون السالي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llei_S%C3%A1lica" title="Llei Sálica – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llei Sálica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salik_qanunu" title="Salik qanunu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Salik qanunu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Салічная праўда – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Салічная праўда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Салічны закон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Салічны закон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Салически закон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Салически закон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salijski_zakonik" title="Salijski zakonik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Salijski zakonik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezenn_salek" title="Lezenn salek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lezenn salek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llei_s%C3%A0lica" title="Llei sàlica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llei sàlica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salick%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Salické právo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Salické právo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfraith_Salig" title="Cyfraith Salig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfraith Salig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliske_lov" title="Saliske lov – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Saliske lov" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Salica" title="Lex Salica – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lex Salica" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saali_tava%C3%B5igus" title="Saali tavaõigus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saali tavaõigus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Σαλικός νόμος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαλικός νόμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_s%C3%A1lica" title="Ley sálica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ley sálica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salfranka_le%C4%9Do" title="Salfranka leĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Salfranka leĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lege_salikoa" title="Lege salikoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lege salikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="قانون سالیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قانون سالیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loi_salique" title="Loi salique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Loi salique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dl%C3%AD_Saileach" title="Dlí Saileach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dlí Saileach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_s%C3%A1lica" title="Lei sálica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lei sálica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EB%B2%95%EC%A0%84" title="살리카 법전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="살리카 법전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84" title="Սալիական օրենսգիրք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սալիական օրենսգիրք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="सैलिक क़ानून – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सैलिक क़ानून" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salijski_zakonik" title="Salijski zakonik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Salijski zakonik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_Sali" title="Hukum Sali – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hukum Sali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legge_salica" title="Legge salica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legge salica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99" title="החוק הסאלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="החוק הסאלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სალიკური სამართალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სალიკური სამართალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Salica" title="Lex Salica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lex Salica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salij%C5%B3_tiesa" title="Salijų tiesa – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Salijų tiesa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salische_w%C3%A8t" title="Salische wèt – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Salische wèt" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1li_t%C3%B6rv%C3%A9ny" title="Száli törvény – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Száli törvény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Салиски закон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Салиски закон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salische_Wet" title="Salische Wet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Salische Wet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8" title="サリカ法典 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サリカ法典" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_saliske_lov" title="Den saliske lov – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den saliske lov" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_saliske_lova" title="Den saliske lova – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den saliske lova" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8i_salica" title="Lèi salica – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lèi salica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawo_salickie" title="Prawo salickie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prawo salickie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_s%C3%A1lica" title="Lei sálica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lei sálica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legea_Salic%C4%83" title="Legea Salică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Legea Salică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Салическая правда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Салическая правда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salic_law" title="Salic law – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Salic law" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Salica" title="Lex Salica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lex Salica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Салијски законик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Салијски законик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salijski_zakonik" title="Salijski zakonik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Salijski zakonik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saalilainen_laki" title="Saalilainen laki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saalilainen laki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliska_lagen" title="Saliska lagen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saliska lagen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="กฎหมายแซลิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กฎหมายแซลิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salic_yasas%C4%B1" title="Salic yasası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Salic yasası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Салічна правда – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Салічна правда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%E1%BA%ADt_Salic" title="Luật Salic – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Luật Salic" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of 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message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed;">Salic law</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jugement_de_Childebert_III_accordant_%C3%A0_l%27abbaye_de_Saint-Denis_la_terre_de_Hodenc-l%27Ev%C3%AAque_dans_l%27Oise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Jugement_de_Childebert_III_accordant_%C3%A0_l%27abbaye_de_Saint-Denis_la_terre_de_Hodenc-l%27Ev%C3%AAque_dans_l%27Oise.jpg/300px-Jugement_de_Childebert_III_accordant_%C3%A0_l%27abbaye_de_Saint-Denis_la_terre_de_Hodenc-l%27Ev%C3%AAque_dans_l%27Oise.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="503" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Jugement_de_Childebert_III_accordant_%C3%A0_l%27abbaye_de_Saint-Denis_la_terre_de_Hodenc-l%27Ev%C3%AAque_dans_l%27Oise.jpg/450px-Jugement_de_Childebert_III_accordant_%C3%A0_l%27abbaye_de_Saint-Denis_la_terre_de_Hodenc-l%27Ev%C3%AAque_dans_l%27Oise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Jugement_de_Childebert_III_accordant_%C3%A0_l%27abbaye_de_Saint-Denis_la_terre_de_Hodenc-l%27Ev%C3%AAque_dans_l%27Oise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Record of a judgement by <a href="/wiki/Childebert_III" title="Childebert III">Childebert III</a>, who reigned from 694 to 711 AD</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 500 AD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commissioned by</th><td class="infobox-data">King <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data">Law, justice</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">Civil law code</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Full text</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Salic_Law" class="extiw" title="wikisource:The Salic Law">The Salic Law</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Salic law</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Lex salica</i>), also called the <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Salian_Franks" title="Salian Franks">Salian</a> law</b>,</span> was the ancient <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law code</a> compiled around AD 500 by the first <a href="/wiki/Frankish_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish King">Frankish King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis</a>. The written text is in <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and contains some of the earliest known instances of <a href="/wiki/Old_Dutch" title="Old Dutch">Old Dutch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remained the basis of Frankish law throughout the <a href="/wiki/Early_Medieval_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Medieval period">early Medieval period</a>, and influenced future <a href="/wiki/Western_law#History" title="Western law">European legal systems</a>. The best-known tenet of the old law is the principle of exclusion of women from inheritance of thrones, fiefs, and other property. The Salic laws were arbitrated by a committee appointed and empowered by the <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Franks">King of the Franks</a>. Dozens of manuscripts dating from the sixth to eighth centuries and three emendations as late as the ninth century have survived.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salic law provided written codification of both civil law, such as the statutes governing <a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">inheritance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">criminal law</a>, such as the punishment for <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a>. Although it was originally intended as the law of the Franks,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has had a formative influence on the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Statute_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute law">statute law</a> that extended to <a href="/wiki/Modern_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history">modern history</a> in much of Europe, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> states and <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan</a> kingdoms in <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Europe">Southeastern Europe</a>, and parts of <a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Spain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a>. Its use of <a href="/wiki/Agnatic_succession" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnatic succession">agnatic succession</a> governed the succession of kings in kingdoms such as <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_the_law">History of the law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of the law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salic_Law.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Salic_Law.png/220px-Salic_Law.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Salic_Law.png/330px-Salic_Law.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Salic_Law.png/440px-Salic_Law.png 2x" data-file-width="1438" data-file-height="1276" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">King Clovis</a> dictates the <i>Lex Salica</i> surrounded by his military chiefs.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankish_Foederatus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Frankish_Foederatus.png/220px-Frankish_Foederatus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Frankish_Foederatus.png/330px-Frankish_Foederatus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Frankish_Foederatus.png/440px-Frankish_Foederatus.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>Frankish settlement in <a href="/wiki/Toxandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxandria">Toxandria</a>, where they had recently settled or been settled in 358, when <a href="/wiki/Julian_the_Apostate" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian the Apostate">Julian the Apostate</a> made them <i><a href="/wiki/Dediticii" title="Dediticii">dediticii</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The original edition of the code was commissioned by the first king of all the Franks, <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a> (c. 466–511), and published sometime between 507 and 511.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He appointed four commissioners<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to research customary law that, until the publication of the Salic law, had been recorded only in the minds of designated elders, who would meet in council when their knowledge was required. Transmission was entirely oral. Salic law, therefore, reflects ancient usages and practices.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To govern more effectively, having a written code was desirable for monarchs and their administrations. </p><p>For the next 300 years, the code was copied by hand, and was amended as required to add newly enacted laws, revise laws that had been amended, and delete laws that had been repealed. In contrast with printing, hand copying is an individual act by an individual copyist with ideas and a style of his own. Each of the several dozen surviving manuscripts features a unique set of errors, corrections, content, and organization. The laws are called "titles", as each one has its own name, generally preceded by <i>de</i>, "of", "concerning". Different sections of titles acquired individual names, which revealed something about their provenances. Some of these dozens of names have been adopted for specific reference, often given the same designation as the overall work, <i>lex</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merovingian_phase">Merovingian phase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Merovingian phase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Recension" title="Recension">recension</a> of <a href="/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern" title="Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern">Hendrik Kern</a> organizes all of the manuscripts into five families according to similarity and relative chronological sequence, judged by content and dateable material in the text.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Family I is the oldest, containing four manuscripts dated to the eighth and ninth centuries, but containing 65 titles believed to be copies of originals published in the sixth century.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, they feature the <i>Malbergse Glossen</i>, "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malberg_Glosses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malberg Glosses (page does not exist)">Malberg Glosses</a>", marginal <a href="/wiki/Gloss_(annotation)" title="Gloss (annotation)">glosses</a> stating the native court word for some Latin words. These are named from native<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i>malbergo</i>, "language of the court".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kern's Family II, represented by two manuscripts, is the same<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> as Family I, except that it contains "interpolations or numerous additions, which point to a later period".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carolingian_phase">Carolingian phase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Carolingian phase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Family III is split into two divisions. The first, comprising three manuscripts, dated to the eighth–ninth centuries, presents an expanded text of 99 or 100 titles. The Malberg Glosses are retained. The second division, with four manuscripts, not only drops the glosses, but also "bears traces of attempts to make the language more concise".<sup id="cite_ref-Kernxvii_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kernxvii-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A statement gives the provenance: "in the 13th year of the reign of our most glorious king of the Franks, Pipin".<sup id="cite_ref-Kernxvii_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kernxvii-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the internal documents were composed after the reign of <a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pepin the Short</a>, but it is considered to be an emendation initiated by Pepin, so is termed the <i>Pipina Recensio</i>. </p><p>Family IV also has two divisions – the first comprised 33 manuscripts; the second, one manuscript. They are characterized by the internal assignment of Latin names to various sections of different provenances. Two of the sections are dated to 768 and 778, but the emendation is believed to be dated to 798, late in the reign of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>. This edition calls itself the <i>Lex Salica Emendata</i>, or the <i>Lex Reformata</i>, or the <i>Lex Emendata</i>, and is clearly the result of a law code reform by Charlemagne.<sup id="cite_ref-Kernxvii_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kernxvii-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By that time, Charlemagne's <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> comprised most of Western Europe. He added laws of choice (free will) taken from the earlier law codes of Germanic peoples not originally part of Francia. These are numbered into the laws that were there, but they have their own, quasisectional title. All the Franks of Francia were subject to the same law code, which retained the overall title of <i>Lex Salica</i>. These integrated sections borrowed from other Germanic codes are the <i><a href="/wiki/Lex_Ripuaria" title="Lex Ripuaria">Lex Ribuariorum</a></i>, later <i>Lex Ribuaria</i>, laws adopted from the <a href="/wiki/Ripuarian_Franks" title="Ripuarian Franks">Ripuarian Franks</a>, who, before Clovis, had been independent. The <i><a href="/wiki/Lex_Alamannorum" title="Lex Alamannorum">Lex Alamannorum</a></i> took laws from the <a href="/wiki/Alamanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamanni">Alamanni</a>, then subject to the Franks. Under the Franks, they were governed by Frankish law, not their own. The inclusion of some of their law as part of the Salic law must have served as a palliative.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Charlemagne goes back even earlier to the <i>Lex Suauorum</i>, the ancient code of the <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a> preceding the Alemanni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Malberg_glosses">Malberg glosses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Malberg glosses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Frankish_language" title="Frankish language">Frankish language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Dutch" title="Old Dutch">Old Dutch</a></div> <p>The Salic law code contains the <i>Malberg glosses</i> (German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Malbergische Glossen</i></span> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">malbergische Glossen</i></span>; despite the name, they aren't <a href="/wiki/Gloss_(annotation)" title="Gloss (annotation)">glosses</a> in the proper sense<sup id="cite_ref-Hoff_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoff-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), several deformed<sup id="cite_ref-Seebold_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seebold-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Old Frankish,<sup id="cite_ref-Hoff_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoff-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Seebold_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seebold-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or for some Dutch scholars Old Dutch, words and what is likely the earliest surviving full sentence in the language:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><i>Malberg gloss</i> </th> <td>maltho</td> <td>thi*</td> <td>afrio</td> <td>lito** </td></tr> <tr> <th>(Modern) Dutch </th> <td>ik meld,</td> <td>jou</td> <td>bevrijd ik,</td> <td>laat </td></tr> <tr> <th>English </th> <td>I tell you:</td> <td colspan="2">I am setting you free,</td> <td>serve </td></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dd>* Old Dutch and Early Modern and earlier versions of English used the second-person singular pronouns, such as <i>thou</i> and <i>thee</i>.</dd> <dd>** A <i>lito</i> was a form of <a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">serf</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Feudal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal system">feudal system</a>, a half-free farmer, connected to the lord's land, but not owned by that lord. In contrast, a slave was fully owned by the lord.</dd></dl> <p>This sentence is also given as the following:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><i>Malberg gloss</i> </th> <td>maltho:</td> <td>thi</td> <td>afrio,</td> <td>letu! </td></tr> <tr> <th><i>translation</i> </th> <td>I declare judicially:</td> <td colspan="2">I let you free,</td> <td>half-free (farmer)! </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Some_tenets_of_the_law">Some tenets of the law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Some tenets of the law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These laws and their interpretations give an insight into Frankish society. The criminal laws established damages to be paid and fines levied in recompense for injuries to persons and damage to goods, <a href="/wiki/Theft" title="Theft">theft</a>, and unprovoked insults. One-third of the fine paid court costs. Judicial interpretation was by a <a href="/wiki/Jury_of_peers" class="mw-redirect" title="Jury of peers">jury of peers</a>. </p><p>The civil law establishes that an individual person is legally unprotected if he or she does not belong to a <a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">family</a>. The rights of family members were defined; for example, the equal division of land among all living male heirs, in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agnatic_succession">Agnatic succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Agnatic succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One tenet of the civil law is <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality#Agnatic_succession" title="Patrilineality">agnatic succession</a>, explicitly excluding females from the inheritance of a throne or <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a>. Indeed, "Salic law" has often been used simply as a <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonym</a> for agnatic succession, but the importance of Salic law extends beyond the rules of inheritance, as it is a direct ancestor of the systems of law in use in many parts of continental Europe today.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Salic law regulates succession according to sex. "Agnatic succession" means succession to the throne or fief going to an agnate of the predecessor – for example, a brother, a son, or nearest male relative through the male line, including collateral agnate branches, for example very distant cousins. Chief forms are <a href="/wiki/Agnatic_seniority" title="Agnatic seniority">agnatic seniority</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agnatic_primogeniture" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnatic primogeniture">agnatic primogeniture</a>. The latter, which has been the most usual, means succession going to the eldest son of the monarch; if the monarch had no sons, the throne would pass to the nearest male relative in the male line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Female_inheritance">Female inheritance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Female inheritance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Terra_Salica" title="Terra Salica">Terra Salica</a></div> <p>Concerning the inheritance of land, Salic law said: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>But of Salic land no portion of the inheritance shall come to a woman: but the whole inheritance of the land shall come to the male sex.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>or, another transcript: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[C]oncerning terra Salica, no portion or inheritance is for a woman, but all the land belongs to members of the male sex who are brothers.</p></blockquote> <p>The law merely prohibited women from inheriting ancestral "Salic land"; this prohibition did not apply to other property (such as <a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">personal property</a>); and under <a href="/wiki/Chilperic_I" title="Chilperic I">Chilperic I</a> sometime around the year 570, the law was actually amended to permit inheritance of land by a daughter if a man had no surviving sons (This amendment, depending on how it is applied and interpreted, offers the basis for either Semi-Salic succession or male-preferred <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a>, or both). </p><p>The wording of the law, as well as common usage in those days and centuries afterwards, seems to support an interpretation that inheritance is divided between brothers, and if it is intended to govern succession, it can be interpreted to mandate agnatic seniority, not direct primogeniture. </p><p>In its use by continental hereditary monarchies since the 15th century, aiming at agnatic succession, the Salic law is regarded as excluding all females from the succession, and prohibiting the transfer of succession rights through any woman. At least two systems of hereditary succession are direct and full applications of the Salic Law: <a href="/wiki/Agnatic_seniority" title="Agnatic seniority">agnatic seniority</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agnatic_primogeniture" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnatic primogeniture">agnatic primogeniture</a>. </p><p>The so-called <b>Semi-Salic</b> version of succession order stipulates that firstly all-male descendance is applied, including all collateral male lines, but if all such lines are extinct, then the closest female agnate (such as a daughter) of the last male holder of the property inherits, and after her, her own male heirs according to the Salic order. In other words, the female closest to the last incumbent is "regarded as a male" for the purposes of inheritance and succession. This has the effect of following the closest extant blood line (at least in the first instance) and not involving any more distant relatives. The closest female relative might be a child of a relatively junior branch of the whole dynasty, but still inherits due to her position in the male line, due to the longevity of her own branch<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>; any existing senior<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> female lines come behind that of the closest female. </p><p>From the Middle Ages, another system of succession, known as cognatic male primogeniture, actually fulfills apparent stipulations of the original Salic law; succession is allowed also through female lines, but excludes the females themselves in favour of their sons. For example, a grandfather, without sons, is succeeded by a son of his daughter, when the daughter in question is still alive. Or an uncle, with no children of his own, is succeeded by a son of his sister, when the sister in question is still alive. This fulfils the Salic condition of "no land comes to a woman, but the land comes to the male sex". This can be called a "quasi-Salic" system of succession and it should be classified as primogenitural, cognatic, and male-preferred. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications_of_the_succession_and_inheritance_laws">Applications of the succession and inheritance laws</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Applications of the succession and inheritance laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_France">In France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_laws_of_the_Kingdom_of_France" title="Fundamental laws of the Kingdom of France">Fundamental laws of the Kingdom of France</a></div> <p>The Merovingian kings divided their realm equally among all living sons, leading to much conflict and fratricide among the rival heirs. The Carolingians did likewise, but they also possessed the imperial dignity, which was indivisible and passed to only one person at a time. Primogeniture, or the preference for the eldest line in the transmission of inheritance, eventually emerged in France, under the Capetian kings. The early Capetians had only one heir, the eldest son, whom they <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_French_monarch#Coronation_of_the_heir" title="Coronation of the French monarch">crowned during their lifetimes</a>. Instead of an equal portion of the inheritance, the younger sons of the Capetian kings received an <a href="/wiki/Appanage" title="Appanage">appanage</a>, which is a feudal territory under the suzerainty of the king. Feudal law allowed the transmission of fiefs to daughters in default of sons, which was also the case for the early appanages. Whether feudal law also applied to the French throne, no one knew, until 1316. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_succession_in_1316">The succession in 1316</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The succession in 1316"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a remarkably long period, from the inception of the Capetian dynasty in 987 until the death of <a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X</a> in 1316, the eldest living son of the King of France succeeded to the throne upon his demise. No prior occasion existed to demonstrate whether or not females were excluded from the succession to the crown. Louis X died without a son, but left his wife pregnant. The king's brother, <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip, Count of Poitiers</a>, became regent. Philip prepared for the contingencies with <a href="/wiki/Odo_IV,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy">Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy</a>, maternal uncle of Louis X's daughter and prospective heiress, <a href="/wiki/Joan_II_of_Navarre" title="Joan II of Navarre">Joan</a>. If the unborn child were male, he would succeed to the French throne as king; if female, Philip would maintain the regency until the daughters of Louis X reached their majority. The opportunity remained for either daughter to succeed to the French throne. </p><p>The unborn child proved to be male, <a href="/wiki/John_I_of_France" title="John I of France">John I</a>, to the relief of the kingdom, but the infant lived for only a few days. Philip saw his chance and broke the agreement with the Duke of Burgundy by having himself anointed at Reims in January 1317 as <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip V of France</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_France,_Duchess_of_Burgundy" title="Agnes of France, Duchess of Burgundy">Agnes of France</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX</a>, mother of the Duke of Burgundy, and maternal grandmother of the Princess Joan, considered it a usurpation and demanded an assembly of the peers, which Philip V accepted. </p><p>An assembly of prelates, lords, the bourgeois of Paris, and doctors of the university, known as the <a href="/wiki/Estates_General_(France)" title="Estates General (France)">Estates-General</a> of 1317, gathered in February. Philip V asked them to write an argument justifying his right to the throne of France. These "general statements" agreed in declaring that "Women do not succeed in the kingdom of France", formalizing Philip's usurpation and the impossibility for a woman to ascend the throne of France, a principle that remains in force to this day. The Salic law, at the time, was not yet invoked; the arguments put forward in favor of Philip V relied only on the degree of proximity of Philip V with Louis X. Philip had the support of the nobility and had the resources for his ambitions. </p><p>Philip won over the Duke of Burgundy by giving him his daughter, also named <a href="/wiki/Joan_III,_Countess_of_Burgundy" title="Joan III, Countess of Burgundy">Joan</a>, in marriage, with the counties of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Artois" title="County of Artois">Artois</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Burgundy" title="County of Burgundy">Burgundy</a> as her eventual inheritance. On March 27, 1317, a treaty was signed at <a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a> between the Duke of Burgundy and Philip V, wherein Joan renounced her right to the throne of France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_succession_in_1328">The succession in 1328</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The succession in 1328"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philip, too, died without a son, and his brother Charles succeeded him as <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV</a> unopposed. Charles, too, died without a son, but also left his wife pregnant. It was another succession crisis, the same as that in 1316; it was necessary both to prepare for a possible regency (and choose a regent) and prepare for a possible succession to the throne. At this point, it had been accepted that women could not claim the crown of France (without any written rule stipulating it yet). </p><p>Under the application of the agnatic principle, the following were excluded: </p> <ul><li>The daughters of Louis X, Philip V and Charles IV, including the possible unborn daughter of the pregnant Queen <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27%C3%89vreux" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeanne d'Évreux">Jeanne d'Évreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a>, sister of Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV, wife of King <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a></li></ul> <p>The widow of Charles IV gave birth to a daughter. <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a>, sister of Charles IV, claimed the throne for her son, <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a>. The French rejected the claim, noting that "Women cannot transmit a right which they do not possess", a corollary to the succession principle in 1316. The regent, Philip of Valois, became <a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI of France</a> in 1328. Philip became king without serious opposition, until his attempt to confiscate <a href="/wiki/Gascony" title="Gascony">Gascony</a> in 1337 made Edward III press his claim to the French throne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Emergence_of_the_Salic_law">Emergence of the Salic law</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Emergence of the Salic law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As far as can be ascertained, Salic law was not explicitly mentioned either in 1316 or 1328. It had been forgotten in the feudal era, and the assertion that the French crown can only be transmitted to and through males made it unique and exalted in the eyes of the French. In 1358 the monk Richard Lescot invoked it to dispute the claim of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Navarre" title="Charles II of Navarre">Charles II of Navarre</a> to the French crown, an argument that would later be echoed by other jurists in defence of the Valois dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its origin, therefore, the agnatic principle was limited to the succession to the crown of France. Prior to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">Valois</a> succession, Capetian kings granted appanages to their younger sons and brothers, which could pass to male and female heirs. The appanages given to the Valois princes, though, in imitation of the succession law of the monarchy that gave them, limited their transmission to males. Another Capetian lineage, the <a href="/wiki/Montfort_of_Brittany" class="mw-redirect" title="Montfort of Brittany">Montfort of Brittany</a>, claimed male succession in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Duchy of Brittany</a>. In this they were supported by the King of England, while their rivals who claimed the traditional female succession in Brittany were supported by the King of France. The Montforts eventually won the duchy by warfare, but had to recognize the suzerainty of the King of France. </p><p>This law was by no means intended to cover all matters of inheritance – for example, not the inheritance of movables — only to lands considered "Salic" – and debate remains as to the legal definition of this word, although it is generally accepted to refer to lands in the royal <a href="/wiki/Fisc" title="Fisc">fisc</a>. Only several hundred years later, under the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">direct Capetian</a> kings of France and their English contemporaries who held lands in France, did Salic law become a rationale for enforcing or debating succession. </p><p>Shakespeare says that <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI</a> rejected <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V</a>'s claim to the French throne on the basis of Salic law's inheritance rules, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agincourt" title="Battle of Agincourt">Battle of Agincourt</a>. In fact, the conflict between Salic and English law was a justification for <a href="/wiki/English_claims_to_the_French_throne" title="English claims to the French throne">many overlapping claims</a> between the French and English monarchs over the French throne. </p><p>More than a century later, during the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French wars of religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> attempted to claim the French crown for his daughter <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Clara_Eugenia" title="Isabella Clara Eugenia">Isabella Clara Eugenia</a>, born of his third wife, <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Valois" title="Elisabeth of Valois">Elisabeth of Valois</a> in order to prevent the <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenot</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry of Navarre</a> from becoming king. Philip's agents were instructed to "insinuate cleverly" that the Salic law was a "pure invention". Even if the "Salic law" did not really apply to the throne of France, though, the very principle of agnatic succession had become a cornerstone of the French royal succession; they had upheld it in the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> with the English, and it had produced their kings for more than two centuries. The eventual recognition of Henry of Navarre as King Henry IV of France following his conversion to Catholicism, the first of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> kings, further solidified the agnatic principle in France. </p><p>Although no reference was made to the Salic law, the imperial constitutions of the <a href="/wiki/Bonapartist" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonapartist">Bonapartist</a> <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a> continued to exclude women from the succession to the throne. In the lands that <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> conquered, Salic law was adopted, including the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Westphalia" title="Kingdom of Westphalia">Kingdom of Westphalia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">Kingdom of Holland</a>, and under Napoleonic influence, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> under the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bernadotte" title="House of Bernadotte">House of Bernadotte</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_European_applications">Other European applications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other European applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ernest_Augustus_I_of_Hanover.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ernest_Augustus_I_of_Hanover.PNG/220px-Ernest_Augustus_I_of_Hanover.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ernest_Augustus_I_of_Hanover.PNG/330px-Ernest_Augustus_I_of_Hanover.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ernest_Augustus_I_of_Hanover.PNG/440px-Ernest_Augustus_I_of_Hanover.PNG 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="797" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_the_Duke_of_Cumberland" title="Portrait of the Duke of Cumberland">Portrait of the Duke of Cumberland</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/George_Dawe" title="George Dawe">George Dawe</a>. In 1837 Cumberland became <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hanover" title="King of Hanover">King of Hanover</a> ahead of his niece <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Several military conflicts in European history have stemmed from the application of, or disregard for, Salic law. The <a href="/wiki/Carlist_Wars" title="Carlist Wars">Carlist Wars</a> occurred in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> over the question of whether the heir to the throne should be a female or a male relative. The <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession" title="War of the Austrian Succession">War of the Austrian Succession</a> was triggered by the <a href="/wiki/Pragmatic_Sanction_of_1713" title="Pragmatic Sanction of 1713">Pragmatic Sanction of 1713</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles VI of Austria">Charles VI of Austria</a>, who himself had inherited the <a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Austrian patrimony</a> over his nieces as a result of Salic law, attempted to ensure the inheritance directly to his own daughter <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria">Maria Theresa of Austria</a>, which was an example of an operation of quasi-Salic law. </p><p>In the modern <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a>, succession to the throne was regulated by Salic law. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">British</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanoverian</a> thrones separated after the death of King <a href="/wiki/William_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="William IV of the United Kingdom">William IV of the United Kingdom</a> and of Hanover in 1837 because Hanover practiced quasi-Salic law, unlike Britain. King William's niece, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a>, ascended to the British throne, but the Hanover throne went to William's brother <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Augustus,_King_of_Hanover" title="Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover">Ernest, Duke of Cumberland</a>. </p><p>Salic law was also an important issue in the <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig-Holstein Question">Schleswig-Holstein Question</a> and played a day-to-day role in the inheritance and marriage decisions of common princedoms of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Germany" title="List of historic states of Germany">German states</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Saxe-Weimar" title="Saxe-Weimar">Saxe-Weimar</a>, to cite a representative example. European nobility would have confronted Salic issues at every turn in the practice of diplomacy, particularly when they negotiated marriages, since the entire male line had to be extinguished for a land title to pass (by marriage) "to a female's husband". Women rulers were anathema in the German states well into the modern era. </p><p>In a similar way, the thrones of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Grand Duchy of Luxembourg</a> were separated in 1890, with the succession of <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Princess Wilhelmina</a> as the first <a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen regnant</a> of the Netherlands. As a remnant of Salic law, the office of the reigning <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> is always formally known as "King", though her title may be "Queen". Luxembourg passed to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a>'s distantly related agnates, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau-Weilburg" title="House of Nassau-Weilburg">House of Nassau-Weilburg</a>, but that house also faced extinction in the male line less than two decades later. With no other male-line agnates in the remaining branches of the House of Nassau, <a href="/wiki/William_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Grand Duke William IV</a> adopted a quasi-Salic law of succession to allow him to be succeeded by his daughters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_references">Literary references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Literary references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> uses the Salic law as a plot device in <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a></i>, saying it was upheld by the French to bar Henry V's claiming the French throne. <i>Henry V</i> begins with the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> being asked if the claim might be upheld despite the Salic law. The archbishop replies, "That the <i>land Salique</i> is in Germany, between the floods of <a href="/wiki/Saale" title="Saale">Sala</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a>", implying that the law is German, not French. The archbishop's justification for Henry's claim, which Shakespeare intentionally renders obtuse and verbose (for comedic, as well as politically expedient reasons) is also erroneous, as the Salian Franks settled along the lower <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scheldt" title="Scheldt">Scheldt</a>, which today is for the most part in the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish Region</a>.</li> <li>In the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Flash" title="Royal Flash">Royal Flash</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/George_MacDonald_Fraser" title="George MacDonald Fraser">George MacDonald Fraser</a>, the hero, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Flashman" title="Harry Flashman">Harry Flashman</a>, on his marriage, is presented with the royal consort's portion of the crown jewels, and "The Duchess did rather better"; the character, feeling hard done-by, thinks, "It struck me then, and it strikes me now, that the Salic law was a damned sound idea".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In his novel <i><a href="/wiki/Waverley_(novel)" title="Waverley (novel)">Waverley</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Walter Scott">Sir Walter Scott</a> quotes "Salique Law" when discussing the protagonist's prior requests for a horse and guide to take him to Edinburgh. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The hostess, a civil, quiet, laborious drudge, came to take his orders for dinner, but declined to make answer on the subject of the horse and guide; for the Salique Law, it seems, extended to the stables of the Golden Candlestick.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Chapter XX1X</cite></div></blockquote></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnatic_descent" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnatic descent">Agnatic descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic law">Early Germanic law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris,_BN,_lat._4404" title="Paris, BN, lat. 4404">Paris, BN, lat. 4404</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHesselsKern1880" class="citation book cs1">Hessels, Jan Hendrik; Kern, H., eds. (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lexsalicatentex02kerngoog"><i>Lex Salica: The Ten Texts with the Glosses, and the Lex Emendata</i></a>. London: John Murray, Albemarle-Street / Trübner & Co., Ludgate Hill. column 438. <q>The Latin of the text may be said to stand almost midway between Latin properly so called and the French of the 9th century, some characteristics of which are distinctly foreshadowed in the language of the Lex.", and regarding certain features "This semi-Latin", "of semi-French Latin</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lex+Salica%3A+The+Ten+Texts+with+the+Glosses%2C+and+the+Lex+Emendata&rft.place=London&rft.pages=column+438&rft.pub=John+Murray%2C+Albemarle-Street+%2F+Tr%C3%BCbner+%26+Co.%2C+Ludgate+Hill&rft.date=1880&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flexsalicatentex02kerngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalic+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724160404/http://www.kennislink.nl/publicaties/hoe-het-nederlands-is-ontstaan">"Lees: Hoe het Nederlands is ontstaan"</a>. 17 September 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kennislink.nl/publicaties/hoe-het-nederlands-is-ontstaan">the original</a> on 24 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lees%3A+Hoe+het+Nederlands+is+ontstaan&rft.date=2019-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kennislink.nl%2Fpublicaties%2Fhoe-het-nederlands-is-ontstaan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalic+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDrew1991">Drew 1991</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2014" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Ian (2014-06-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SvrgAwAAQBAJ"><i>The Merovingian Kingdoms 450 - 751</i></a>. Routledge. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317871156" title="Special:BookSources/9781317871156"><bdi>9781317871156</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Merovingian+Kingdoms+450+-+751&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft.isbn=9781317871156&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSvrgAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalic+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinckeldey1993">Hinckeldey 1993</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanson2011" class="citation book cs1">Janson, Tore (2011). <i>History of languages: an introduction</i>. Oxford textbooks in linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 141.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+languages%3A+an+introduction&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Oxford+textbooks+in+linguistics&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Janson&rft.aufirst=Tore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalic+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDrew1991">Drew 1991</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKern1880">Kern 1880</a>, Prologue.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKern1880">Kern 1880</a>, p. xiv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYoungGloning2004">Young & Gloning 2004</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKern1880">Kern 1880</a>, p. xv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kernxvii-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kernxvii_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kernxvii_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kernxvii_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKern1880">Kern 1880</a>, p. xvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoff-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoff_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoff_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hans Henning Hoff, <i>Hafliði Másson und die Einflüsse des römischen Rechts in der Grágás</i>, Walter de Gruyter, 2012, p. 193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruth Schmidt-Wiegand, <i>Die volkssprachigen Wörter der Leges barbaorumals Ausdruck sprachlicher Interferenz</i>, in: <i>Frühmittelalterliche Studien: Jahrbuch des Instituts für Frühmittelalterforschung der Universität Münster. 13. Band</i>, edited by Karl Hauck with assistance by Hans Belting, Hugo Borger, Dietrich Hofmann, Karl Josef Narr, Friedrich Ohly, Karl Schmid, Ruth Schmidt-Wiegand, Rudolf Schützeichel and Joachim Wollasch, Walter de Gruyter: Berlin & New York, 1979, p. 56ff., here p. 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seebold-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seebold_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seebold_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Elmar Seebold, edited by Elmar Seebold with assistance by Brigitte Bulitta, Elke Krotz, Judith Stieglbauer-Schwarz and Christiane Wanzeck, <i>Chronologisches Wörterbuch des deutschen Wortschatzes: Der Wortschatz des 8. Jahrhunderts (und früherer Quellen) (Titelabkürzung: ChWdW8)</i>, Walter de Gruyter: Berlin & New York, 2001, p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rembert Eufe, <i>Die Personennamen auf den merowingischen Monetarmünzen als Spiegel der romanisch-germanischen Sprachsynthese im Frankenreich</i>, in: <i>Kulturelle Integration und Personennamen im Mittelalter</i>, edited by Wolfgang Haubrichs, Christa Jochum-Godglück, 2019, p. 78ff., here p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillemyns2013" class="citation book cs1">Willemyns, Roland (2013). <i>Dutch: Biography of a Language</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-932366-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-932366-1"><bdi>978-0-19-932366-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dutch%3A+Biography+of+a+Language&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-932366-1&rft.aulast=Willemyns&rft.aufirst=Roland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalic+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruth Schmidt-Wiegand, <i>Die Malbergischen Glossen, eine frühe Überlieferung germanischer Rechtsspache</i>, in: <i>Germanische Rest- und Trümmersprachen</i>, ed. by Heinrich Beck, 1989, p. 157ff., here p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cave, Roy and Coulson, Herbert. <i>A Source Book for Medieval Economic History</i>, Biblo and Tannen, New York (1965) p. 336</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemoine1896" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lemoine, Jean (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=op08AAAAIAAJ"><i>Chronique de Richard Lescot, religieux de Saint-Denis (1328-1344)</i></a> (in French). Librairie Renouard. pp. vj–xv.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronique+de+Richard+Lescot%2C+religieux+de+Saint-Denis+%281328-1344%29.&rft.pages=vj-xv&rft.pub=Librairie+Renouard&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Lemoine&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dop08AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalic+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. M. Fraser (2006) <i>Royal Flash</i>, p. 172, Grafton paperback.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaveCoulson1965" class="citation book cs1">Cave, Roy; Coulson, Herbert (1965). <i>A Source Book for Medieval Economic History</i>. New York: Biblo and Tannen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Source+Book+for+Medieval+Economic+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Biblo+and+Tannen&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Cave&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.au=Coulson%2C+Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalic+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrew1991" class="citation book cs1">Drew, Katherine Fischer (1991). <i>The laws of the Salian Franks (Pactus legis Salicae)</i>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8122-8256-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8122-8256-6"><bdi>0-8122-8256-6</bdi></a>. /.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+laws+of+the+Salian+Franks+%28Pactus+legis+Salicae%29&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-8122-8256-6&rft.aulast=Drew&rft.aufirst=Katherine+Fischer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalic+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinckeldey1993" class="citation book cs1">Hinckeldey, Christoph (1993) [1981]. <i>Criminal justice through the ages: from divine judgement to modern German legislation</i>. Schriftenreihe des Mittelterlichen Kriminalmuseums Rothenburg ob der Tauber, v. 4. Translated by John Fosberry. Rothenburg ob der Tauber (Germany): Mittelalterliches Kriminalmuseum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Criminal+justice+through+the+ages%3A+from+divine+judgement+to+modern+German+legislation&rft.place=Rothenburg+ob+der+Tauber+%28Germany%29&rft.series=Schriftenreihe+des+Mittelterlichen+Kriminalmuseums+Rothenburg+ob+der+Tauber%2C+v.+4&rft.pub=Mittelalterliches+Kriminalmuseum&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Hinckeldey&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalic+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKern1880" class="citation book cs1">Kern, Hendrik (1880). Hessels, J.H (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lexsalicatentex03kerngoog"><i>Lex Salica: the Ten Texts with the Glosses and the Lex Emendata</i></a>. London: John Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lex+Salica%3A+the+Ten+Texts+with+the+Glosses+and+the+Lex+Emendata&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Kern&rft.aufirst=Hendrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flexsalicatentex03kerngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalic+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2006" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Craig, ed. (2006). <i>Debating the Hundred Years War. "Pour ce que plusieurs" (La Loy Salique) and "A declaration of the trew and dewe title of Henrie VIII"</i>. Camden 5th series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-87390-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-87390-8"><bdi>0-521-87390-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debating+the+Hundred+Years+War.+%22Pour+ce+que+plusieurs%22+%28La+Loy+Salique%29+and+%22A+declaration+of+the+trew+and+dewe+title+of+Henrie+VIII%22&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=Camden+5th+series&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-521-87390-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalic+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2001" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, Craig (2001). "The Salic Law and the Valois succession to the French crown". <i>French History</i>. <b>15</b> (4): 358–377. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ffh%2F15.4.358">10.1093/fh/15.4.358</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=French+History&rft.atitle=The+Salic+Law+and+the+Valois+succession+to+the+French+crown&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=358-377&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ffh%2F15.4.358&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalic+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2006" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, Craig (2006). "The Salic Law, French Queenship and the Defence of Women in the Late Middle Ages". <i>French Historical Studies</i>. <b>29</b> (4): 543–564. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00161071-2006-012">10.1215/00161071-2006-012</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=French+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Salic+Law%2C+French+Queenship+and+the+Defence+of+Women+in+the+Late+Middle+Ages&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=543-564&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F00161071-2006-012&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalic+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungGloning2004" class="citation book cs1">Young, Christopher; Gloning, Thomas (2004). <i>A History of the German Language Through Texts</i>. London and New York: Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+German+Language+Through+Texts&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Gloning%2C+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalic+law" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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