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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Drought Impacts</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">741 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Drought Impacts</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Drought_Impacts">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14226133" data-work_id="14226133" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14226133/La_gesti%C3%B3n_de_sequ%C3%ADas_en_M%C3%A9xico_avances_y_retos">La gestión de sequías en México: avances y retos</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Se presenta una breve exposición y análisis de las medidas que han sido instauradas en los últimos años para afrontar la sequía en México; entre ellas destaca el inicio del proceso de transición de un enfoque reactivo basado en la gestión... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14226133" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Se presenta una breve exposición y análisis de las medidas que han sido instauradas en los últimos años para afrontar la sequía en México; entre ellas destaca el inicio del proceso de transición de un enfoque reactivo basado en la gestión de la crisis a un enfoque preventivo orientado hacia la gestión del riesgo. Éste no puede eliminarse por completo, pero las acciones preventivas permitirán mitigar sus efectos aunque para ello será necesario afrontar y superar varios retos en el futuro inmediato.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14226133" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a19b02b8af763e857f2876bd187d307a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38240966,"asset_id":14226133,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38240966/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14865281" href="https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtega">David Ortega-Gaucin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14865281" type="text/json">{"id":14865281,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ortega-Gaucin","domain_name":"imta","page_name":"DavidOrtega","display_name":"David Ortega-Gaucin","profile_url":"https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtega?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14865281/9843077/10970350/s65_david.ortega.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14226133 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14226133"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14226133, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14226133", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14226133]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14226133").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14226133").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14226133"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="115677" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_and_Water_Stress">Drought and Water Stress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="115677" type="text/json">{"id":115677,"name":"Drought and Water Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_and_Water_Stress?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="195247" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Prediction_technologies">Drought Prediction technologies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="195247" type="text/json">{"id":195247,"name":"Drought Prediction technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Prediction_technologies?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395400" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Risk_Assessment_Planning_and_Decision_Making_and_Mitigation_Climate_Impacts_esp._Adaptati">Drought Risk Assessment, Planning and Decision Making and Mitigation; Climate Impacts esp. Adaptation for Drought Risk Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="395400" type="text/json">{"id":395400,"name":"Drought Risk Assessment, Planning and Decision Making and Mitigation; Climate Impacts esp. 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Éste no puede eliminarse por completo, pero las acciones preventivas permitirán mitigar sus efectos aunque para ello será necesario afrontar y superar varios retos en el futuro inmediato.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38240966,"asset_id":14226133,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14865281,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ortega-Gaucin","domain_name":"imta","page_name":"DavidOrtega","display_name":"David Ortega-Gaucin","profile_url":"https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtega?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14865281/9843077/10970350/s65_david.ortega.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":115677,"name":"Drought and Water Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_and_Water_Stress?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":195247,"name":"Drought Prediction technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Prediction_technologies?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":395400,"name":"Drought Risk Assessment, Planning and Decision Making and Mitigation; Climate Impacts esp. Adaptation for Drought Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Risk_Assessment_Planning_and_Decision_Making_and_Mitigation_Climate_Impacts_esp._Adaptati?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032184,"name":"Drought Indicators/indices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Indicators_indices?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69784761" data-work_id="69784761" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69784761/Climate_resilient_agriculture_in_Bangladesh_A_value_chain_analysis_of_cotton">Climate-resilient agriculture in Bangladesh: A value chain analysis of cotton</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69784761" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2cf43065daec9824499a2e1cb20d354d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79747411,"asset_id":69784761,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Rahman","profile_url":"https://buet.academia.edu/MahjabeenRahman?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71940168/20257112/117203145/s65_mahjabeen.rahman.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69784761 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69784761"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69784761, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69784761", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69784761 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69784761; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69784761"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3255" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation">Climate Change Adaptation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3255" type="text/json">{"id":3255,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3530" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture">Sustainable agriculture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3530" type="text/json">{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69784761]'), work: {"id":69784761,"title":"Climate-resilient agriculture in Bangladesh: A value chain analysis of cotton","created_at":"2022-01-28T06:21:14.777-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69784761/Climate_resilient_agriculture_in_Bangladesh_A_value_chain_analysis_of_cotton?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_69784761","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79747411,"asset_id":69784761,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71940168,"first_name":"Mahjabeen","last_name":"Rahman","domain_name":"buet","page_name":"MahjabeenRahman","display_name":"Mahjabeen Rahman","profile_url":"https://buet.academia.edu/MahjabeenRahman?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71940168/20257112/117203145/s65_mahjabeen.rahman.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":3255,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":7312,"name":"Agricultural Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Economics?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":7453,"name":"Rural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Development?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":31009,"name":"Value chain analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_chain_analysis?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":66862,"name":"Climate Change Mitigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Mitigation?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":101610,"name":"Cimate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cimate_Change?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":203134,"name":"Climate Change Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Resilience?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":501731,"name":"Agricultural value chains","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_value_chains?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1262198,"name":"Climate Resilient Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Resilient_Agriculture?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48905873" data-work_id="48905873" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48905873/CHARACTERIZATION_FORECASTING_AND_ASSESSMENT_OF_AGRICULTURAL_DROUGHT_IMPACTS_IN_THE_SUDANO_SAHELIAN_CLIMATE_OF_GOURMA_PROVINCE_IN_BURKINA_FASO">CHARACTERIZATION, FORECASTING AND ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT IMPACTS IN THE SUDANO-SAHELIAN CLIMATE OF GOURMA PROVINCE IN BURKINA FASO</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Natural hazards such as agricultural droughts impact negatively on crop yields and economic activities. Characterization of agricultural droughts provides precise and accurate information for decision making processes during agricultural... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48905873" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Natural hazards such as agricultural droughts impact negatively on crop yields and economic activities.<br />Characterization of agricultural droughts provides precise and accurate information for decision making<br />processes during agricultural drought events. Planning and responding to the hazards by government, and<br />non-governmental organizations in the Sudano-Sahelian belt has been limited in the past due to knowledge<br />gap on the nature and impact of the hazard. This study seeks to characterize historical agricultural droughts,<br />assess their impact on crop yields and people’s susceptibility to undernourishment and through forecasting,<br />unravel what the future holds. Annual effective reconnaissance drought index values are computed using<br />mean monthly potential evapotranspiration and effective precipitation data. To assess the impact of<br />agricultural drought, the index’s values are compared to crop yields and prevalence to undernourishment<br />data. Results show that agricultural drought events of 1983 and 2008 are mild and ephemeral while the 1999<br />– 2006 event is severe and protracted. While there is 26% chance of materialization of an agricultural drought<br />in Gourma, the chance of being ephemeral and of moderate category is the highest (8%). It has been<br />determined that an ephemeral and moderate agricultural drought would trigger below average yields for<br />maize, sorghum and millet. Mild, moderate and severe events increase prevalence to undernourishment by<br />2.9 %, 4.3 % and 5.8 % respectively. From 2020 to 2030, a continued materialization of agricultural droughts<br />is expected.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48905873" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4622a45e4f20d54d185b68fcca14bd63" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67311066,"asset_id":48905873,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67311066/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="180289638" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OmondiLNTVC">Julius O Omondi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="180289638" type="text/json">{"id":180289638,"first_name":"Julius","last_name":"Omondi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OmondiLNTVC","display_name":"Julius O Omondi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OmondiLNTVC?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/180289638/55681078/43863870/s65_omondi.lntvc.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48905873 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48905873"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48905873, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48905873", }); 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Planning and responding to the hazards by government, and\nnon-governmental organizations in the Sudano-Sahelian belt has been limited in the past due to knowledge\ngap on the nature and impact of the hazard. This study seeks to characterize historical agricultural droughts,\nassess their impact on crop yields and people’s susceptibility to undernourishment and through forecasting,\nunravel what the future holds. Annual effective reconnaissance drought index values are computed using\nmean monthly potential evapotranspiration and effective precipitation data. To assess the impact of\nagricultural drought, the index’s values are compared to crop yields and prevalence to undernourishment\ndata. Results show that agricultural drought events of 1983 and 2008 are mild and ephemeral while the 1999\n– 2006 event is severe and protracted. While there is 26% chance of materialization of an agricultural drought\nin Gourma, the chance of being ephemeral and of moderate category is the highest (8%). It has been\ndetermined that an ephemeral and moderate agricultural drought would trigger below average yields for\nmaize, sorghum and millet. Mild, moderate and severe events increase prevalence to undernourishment by\n2.9 %, 4.3 % and 5.8 % respectively. From 2020 to 2030, a continued materialization of agricultural droughts\nis expected. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67311066,"asset_id":48905873,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":180289638,"first_name":"Julius","last_name":"Omondi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OmondiLNTVC","display_name":"Julius O Omondi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OmondiLNTVC?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/180289638/55681078/43863870/s65_omondi.lntvc.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":421,"name":"Soil Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Science?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1037,"name":"Agronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agronomy?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1252,"name":"Remote Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":2549,"name":"Hydrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrology?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":3754,"name":"Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatology?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":17827,"name":"Soil and Water Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_and_Water_Engineering?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":74043,"name":"Waste water treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_water_treatment?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032184,"name":"Drought Indicators/indices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Indicators_indices?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15889096" data-work_id="15889096" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15889096/%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B7%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D9%86">اثرات اقتصادی ، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی خشکسالی و راههای مقابله با آن</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">خشکسالي اقتصادي- اجتماعي؛ پس از يک دوره طولاني مدت خشکسالي هواشناسي و هيدرولوژيکي اتفاق می افتد وباعث بر هم خوردن روند طبيعي فعاليتهاي انساني، حيات گياهي و زندگي جانوري می شود. بنابر این خشکسالي در بر گيرنده مجموعه اي پيچيده و در هم تنيده... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15889096" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">خشکسالي اقتصادي- اجتماعي؛ پس از يک دوره طولاني مدت خشکسالي هواشناسي و هيدرولوژيکي اتفاق می افتد وباعث بر هم خوردن روند طبيعي فعاليتهاي انساني، حيات گياهي و زندگي جانوري می شود. بنابر این خشکسالي در بر گيرنده مجموعه اي پيچيده و در هم تنيده از تاثيرات منفي است كه آنها را می توان به اثرات اقتصادي ، اجتماعي و زيست محيطي تقسیم نمود. اهم این اثرات عبارت ازكاهش توليدات گیاهی و دامی ،تهديد امنيت غذايي ، ضايعات شديد بر زيستگاه ها و اكوسيستم هاي طبیعی، كاهش توليدات علوفه مراتع ، کاهش آبدهی منابع آب ، به مخاطره افتادن پرورش آبزيان ، ايجاد پديده بيابان زايي و كويرزايي، کاهش اشتغال،افزایش بيكاري و تاثیر بر بهداشت عمومي،سياست ها و حتي روابط خارجي خواهد بود.<br />بیشترین اثرات اقتصادي خشکسالی بر بخش کشاورزی است ،زیرا كاهش هر يك ميلي‌متر بارندگي ‪ مي تواند در حدود ۱۵۰‬ تا ‪۲۰۰‬ ميليارد ريال به این ‌بخش درکشور آسيب وارد نمايد.اين جنبه از اثرات خشكسالي بر اقتصاد استان  نیز بسيار قابل توجه می باشد. بنحویکه در سال جاری خسارت وارده به باغات بیش از 1280 ميلياردریال برآورد شده و در صورتي كه آب مورد نياز باغات تامين نگردد اين مشكل به خشك شدن درختان منجر شده كه خساراتي بيش از این ها در برخواهد داشت.همچنین خشكسالي سال جاری مناطق حفاظت شده و طبیعی استان از جمله  تالاب گاوخونی ، زاینده رود  ، منطقه حفاظت شده قمیشلو و ... را با بحران های جدی زیست محیطی رو به رو کرده است و  مرگ ومیر هزاران ماهی و پرنده  را باعث شده است.<br />با اینحال گرچه راهي براي جلوگيري از این بلای طبيعي وجود ندارد و حداقل50 درصد سال‌ها در کشور دچار خشکسالی با درجه‌های مختلف می باشیم، اما مي توان با راهکار های برون رفت از وضعیت فعلی و تدارک اقداماتي قابل اجراء  متناسب با اين پديده در قالب مديريت بحران و برنامه هاي مقابله با خشكسالي از ميزان خسارت هاي وارده کاست.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15889096" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a46f5902f99158e1ec3b2623ea007162" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38819612,"asset_id":15889096,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15889096"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1032186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts">Drought Impacts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1032186" type="text/json">{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15889096]'), work: {"id":15889096,"title":"اثرات اقتصادی ، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی خشکسالی و راههای مقابله با آن","created_at":"2015-09-19T02:22:37.208-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15889096/%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B7%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D9%86?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_15889096","summary":"خشکسالي اقتصادي- اجتماعي؛ پس از يک دوره طولاني مدت خشکسالي هواشناسي و هيدرولوژيکي اتفاق می افتد وباعث بر هم خوردن روند طبيعي فعاليتهاي انساني، حيات گياهي و زندگي جانوري می شود. بنابر این خشکسالي در بر گيرنده مجموعه اي پيچيده و در هم تنيده از تاثيرات منفي است كه آنها را می توان به اثرات اقتصادي ، اجتماعي و زيست محيطي تقسیم نمود. اهم این اثرات عبارت ازكاهش توليدات گیاهی و دامی ،تهديد امنيت غذايي ، ضايعات شديد بر زيستگاه ها و اكوسيستم هاي طبیعی، كاهش توليدات علوفه مراتع ، کاهش آبدهی منابع آب ، به مخاطره افتادن پرورش آبزيان ، ايجاد پديده بيابان زايي و كويرزايي، کاهش اشتغال،افزایش بيكاري و تاثیر بر بهداشت عمومي،سياست ها و حتي روابط خارجي خواهد بود.\nبیشترین اثرات اقتصادي خشکسالی بر بخش کشاورزی است ،زیرا كاهش هر يك ميلي‌متر بارندگي ‪ مي تواند در حدود ۱۵۰‬ تا ‪۲۰۰‬ ميليارد ريال به این ‌بخش درکشور آسيب وارد نمايد.اين جنبه از اثرات خشكسالي بر اقتصاد استان نیز بسيار قابل توجه می باشد. بنحویکه در سال جاری خسارت وارده به باغات بیش از 1280 ميلياردریال برآورد شده و در صورتي كه آب مورد نياز باغات تامين نگردد اين مشكل به خشك شدن درختان منجر شده كه خساراتي بيش از این ها در برخواهد داشت.همچنین خشكسالي سال جاری مناطق حفاظت شده و طبیعی استان از جمله تالاب گاوخونی ، زاینده رود ، منطقه حفاظت شده قمیشلو و ... را با بحران های جدی زیست محیطی رو به رو کرده است و مرگ ومیر هزاران ماهی و پرنده را باعث شده است.\nبا اینحال گرچه راهي براي جلوگيري از این بلای طبيعي وجود ندارد و حداقل50 درصد سال‌ها در کشور دچار خشکسالی با درجه‌های مختلف می باشیم، اما مي توان با راهکار های برون رفت از وضعیت فعلی و تدارک اقداماتي قابل اجراء متناسب با اين پديده در قالب مديريت بحران و برنامه هاي مقابله با خشكسالي از ميزان خسارت هاي وارده کاست.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38819612,"asset_id":15889096,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25746839,"first_name":"سیامک","last_name":"شهابی","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"shahabis","display_name":"سیامک شهابی","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/shahabis?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25746839/10146748/11322282/s65_siamak.shahabi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34975860" data-work_id="34975860" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34975860/%D8%AC%D9%8F%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8E%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%A9">جُغرافيَة الأراضي الجَافَّة</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">أصبحَ الجَفافُ مِنْ أهمِّ المُشكلات والأخطَار التي تواجه كَثيرٌ مِنْ الدولِ، وبصفةٍ خَاصةٍ الدول الفقيرة؛ لِعَدمِ قُدرتها الاقتصاديَّة والعِلْميَّة على المواجهةِ. وتُعَدُّ دول إقليم الساحل الأفريقي مِنْ أكثرِ دول العَالَم مُعَاناةً مِنْ... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34975860" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">أصبحَ الجَفافُ مِنْ أهمِّ المُشكلات والأخطَار التي تواجه كَثيرٌ مِنْ الدولِ، وبصفةٍ خَاصةٍ الدول الفقيرة؛ لِعَدمِ قُدرتها الاقتصاديَّة والعِلْميَّة على المواجهةِ. وتُعَدُّ دول إقليم الساحل الأفريقي مِنْ أكثرِ دول العَالَم مُعَاناةً مِنْ كَثرةِ تِكرار مَوْجَات الجَفاف القاتِلة بهـا، مُنذُ سِتينيَّات القَرن العَشرين. <br />ومَع التغيُّرات المُناخيَّة زادت رُقعة الأراضي التي زَحَفَت عليها الصحـراءُ، وتعرَّضت التربةُ في المَناطق الجَافّة والقاحِلة إلى التدهورِ في بنيَتها وخواصها الفيزيَائيَّة والكيميائيَّة، مِمَّا أدَّى إلى فُقدانِ الحيَاة النباتيَّة والتنوّع الحيَوي بها، وبالتالي عَدَم قُدرة التربة على الإنتاجِ الزراعي ودَعم الحيَاة الحيوانيَّة والبَشريَّة، وهـو مَـا يُعـرف بالتصحُّـرِ، تلك المُشكلة التي تحوَّلت إلى خَطرٍ أصبح يُهَدِّدُ كَثيرٌ مِنْ دولِ العَالَم، الغَنيَّة والفَقيرة عَلَى حَدٍّ سَواءٍ. <br />تُمَثِّـلُ دِراسةُ جُغـرافيَة الأراضي الجَافّة جَانبًا جُغرافيًّا مُهِمًّا في الدراسات الجُغرافيَّة والبيئيَّة، وذلك لاهتمامِها بإبرازِ المُشكلات والأخطار المُناخيَّة والبيئيَّة في المَناطق الجَافّة والقاحِلة. <br />ويَتضمَّنُ هَذا الكتابُ سبعة فصول، عَرَضَ الفصلُ الأول تعريفات الجَفَاف وأنواعه، واختصَّ الفصلُ الثاني بتحديدِ الجَفاف وتصنيفه وتوزيعه، واهتمَّ الفصلُ الثالث بأسبابِ الجَفاف والقحولة والتوزيع الجُغرافي، في حين دَرَسَ الفصلُ الرابع المَلامح الجيومورفولوجيَّة في الأقاليم الجَافّة والقَاحِلة، بَيْنما تناولَ الفصلُ الخامس السمَات المُناخيَّة ومَوارد الميَاه في الأقاليمِ الجَافّة والقَاحِلة. <br />وجَاء الفصلُ السادس لإلقاءِ الضوْءِ على البيئةِ الحيَويَّة في الأقاليمِ الجَافّة والقَاحِلة. أمَّـا الفصلُ الأخيـر فكانَ لِدراسةِ الأنشطة الاقتصاديَّة وطُرق التنمية ومُواجهة المُشكلات في الأقاليمِ الجَافّة والقَاحِلة. <br />ولَعَـلَّ الكتابُ يَكونُ بهذا قد اقتربَ مِنْ الإحَاطةِ بمُعظمِ المُوضوعات المُختلفة لِمُقرَّرِ "جُغرافيَة الأراضي الجَافّة". وقد حَرِصَ المُؤلِّفَان على أن تكونَ المَادةُ العِلْميَّةُ مُدَعَمَّةً بالبيانات والخرائطِ والأشكالِ والتوضيحيَّة والمَرئيَّات الفضائيَّة والصور الفوتوغرافيَّة؛ كإحدى الوسائل المُساعدة في سهولة توصيل المَعلُومَات للطالبِ، فقد احتوى الكتابُ على 62 خريطةً وشكلاً بيانيًّا، و17 جَدولاً، و11 صورةً فوتوغرافيَّةً. <br />وبحَمْدِ اللهِ وتوفيقه قد تمَّ شَرْح الكِتاب، الذي بَيْن أيْدكم، كَامِلاً على قناةِ الـ YouTube الخاصة بي Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Fattah Anbar ، وذلك بقائمةِ التشغيل (سِلْسِلَة مُحاضرات في مُقرَّر¦ جُغرافيَة الأراضي الجَافَّة). وسَوف تجدون في بدايةِ كُلّ فَصل مِنْ فصولِ الكتاب "رابط" شَرح الفَصل على قناةِ الـ YouTube الخاصة بي. أَسْألُ اللهَ العَظيم ربّ العَرش الكَريم أن يَنفعَ بي وبكُم. <br />"واللهُ سُبحانه وتعالي وليُّ التوفيق" <br />المُؤلِّفَان <br /> القَاهرة: أكتوبر 2017</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7453771" href="https://cairo.academia.edu/MahmoudAnbar">Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Fattah Anbar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7453771" type="text/json">{"id":7453771,"first_name":"Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Fattah","last_name":"Anbar","domain_name":"cairo","page_name":"MahmoudAnbar","display_name":"Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Fattah Anbar","profile_url":"https://cairo.academia.edu/MahmoudAnbar?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7453771/2724130/3172696/s65_mahmoud.anbar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34975860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34975860"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new 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data-card-contents-for-ri="281" type="text/json">{"id":281,"name":"Physical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Geography?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6232" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatic_Changes">Climatic Changes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6232" type="text/json">{"id":6232,"name":"Climatic Changes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatic_Changes?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7381" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arid_Land_Ecology">Arid Land Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7381" type="text/json">{"id":7381,"name":"Arid Land Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arid_Land_Ecology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34975860]'), work: {"id":34975860,"title":"جُغرافيَة الأراضي الجَافَّة","created_at":"2017-10-27T08:08:57.493-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34975860/%D8%AC%D9%8F%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8E%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%A9?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_34975860","summary":"أصبحَ الجَفافُ مِنْ أهمِّ المُشكلات والأخطَار التي تواجه كَثيرٌ مِنْ الدولِ، وبصفةٍ خَاصةٍ الدول الفقيرة؛ لِعَدمِ قُدرتها الاقتصاديَّة والعِلْميَّة على المواجهةِ. وتُعَدُّ دول إقليم الساحل الأفريقي مِنْ أكثرِ دول العَالَم مُعَاناةً مِنْ كَثرةِ تِكرار مَوْجَات الجَفاف القاتِلة بهـا، مُنذُ سِتينيَّات القَرن العَشرين.\r\nومَع التغيُّرات المُناخيَّة زادت رُقعة الأراضي التي زَحَفَت عليها الصحـراءُ، وتعرَّضت التربةُ في المَناطق الجَافّة والقاحِلة إلى التدهورِ في بنيَتها وخواصها الفيزيَائيَّة والكيميائيَّة، مِمَّا أدَّى إلى فُقدانِ الحيَاة النباتيَّة والتنوّع الحيَوي بها، وبالتالي عَدَم قُدرة التربة على الإنتاجِ الزراعي ودَعم الحيَاة الحيوانيَّة والبَشريَّة، وهـو مَـا يُعـرف بالتصحُّـرِ، تلك المُشكلة التي تحوَّلت إلى خَطرٍ أصبح يُهَدِّدُ كَثيرٌ مِنْ دولِ العَالَم، الغَنيَّة والفَقيرة عَلَى حَدٍّ سَواءٍ.\r\nتُمَثِّـلُ دِراسةُ جُغـرافيَة الأراضي الجَافّة جَانبًا جُغرافيًّا مُهِمًّا في الدراسات الجُغرافيَّة والبيئيَّة، وذلك لاهتمامِها بإبرازِ المُشكلات والأخطار المُناخيَّة والبيئيَّة في المَناطق الجَافّة والقاحِلة.\r\nويَتضمَّنُ هَذا الكتابُ سبعة فصول، عَرَضَ الفصلُ الأول تعريفات الجَفَاف وأنواعه، واختصَّ الفصلُ الثاني بتحديدِ الجَفاف وتصنيفه وتوزيعه، واهتمَّ الفصلُ الثالث بأسبابِ الجَفاف والقحولة والتوزيع الجُغرافي، في حين دَرَسَ الفصلُ الرابع المَلامح الجيومورفولوجيَّة في الأقاليم الجَافّة والقَاحِلة، بَيْنما تناولَ الفصلُ الخامس السمَات المُناخيَّة ومَوارد الميَاه في الأقاليمِ الجَافّة والقَاحِلة.\r\nوجَاء الفصلُ السادس لإلقاءِ الضوْءِ على البيئةِ الحيَويَّة في الأقاليمِ الجَافّة والقَاحِلة. أمَّـا الفصلُ الأخيـر فكانَ لِدراسةِ الأنشطة الاقتصاديَّة وطُرق التنمية ومُواجهة المُشكلات في الأقاليمِ الجَافّة والقَاحِلة.\r\nولَعَـلَّ الكتابُ يَكونُ بهذا قد اقتربَ مِنْ الإحَاطةِ بمُعظمِ المُوضوعات المُختلفة لِمُقرَّرِ \"جُغرافيَة الأراضي الجَافّة\". وقد حَرِصَ المُؤلِّفَان على أن تكونَ المَادةُ العِلْميَّةُ مُدَعَمَّةً بالبيانات والخرائطِ والأشكالِ والتوضيحيَّة والمَرئيَّات الفضائيَّة والصور الفوتوغرافيَّة؛ كإحدى الوسائل المُساعدة في سهولة توصيل المَعلُومَات للطالبِ، فقد احتوى الكتابُ على 62 خريطةً وشكلاً بيانيًّا، و17 جَدولاً، و11 صورةً فوتوغرافيَّةً.\r\nوبحَمْدِ اللهِ وتوفيقه قد تمَّ شَرْح الكِتاب، الذي بَيْن أيْدكم، كَامِلاً على قناةِ الـ YouTube الخاصة بي Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Fattah Anbar ، وذلك بقائمةِ التشغيل (سِلْسِلَة مُحاضرات في مُقرَّر¦ جُغرافيَة الأراضي الجَافَّة). وسَوف تجدون في بدايةِ كُلّ فَصل مِنْ فصولِ الكتاب \"رابط\" شَرح الفَصل على قناةِ الـ YouTube الخاصة بي. أَسْألُ اللهَ العَظيم ربّ العَرش الكَريم أن يَنفعَ بي وبكُم.\r\n\"واللهُ سُبحانه وتعالي وليُّ التوفيق\"\r\nالمُؤلِّفَان\r\n القَاهرة: أكتوبر 2017","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54839507,"asset_id":34975860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7453771,"first_name":"Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Fattah","last_name":"Anbar","domain_name":"cairo","page_name":"MahmoudAnbar","display_name":"Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Fattah Anbar","profile_url":"https://cairo.academia.edu/MahmoudAnbar?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7453771/2724130/3172696/s65_mahmoud.anbar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":281,"name":"Physical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Geography?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":6232,"name":"Climatic Changes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatic_Changes?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":7381,"name":"Arid Land Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arid_Land_Ecology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":9098,"name":"Arid environments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arid_environments?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":14444,"name":"Desertification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desertification?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":254915,"name":"Arid Zone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arid_Zone?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1200473,"name":"Arid Lands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arid_Lands?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38703434" data-work_id="38703434" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38703434/Peligro_vulnerabilidad_y_riesgo_por_sequ%C3%ADa_en_el_contexto_del_cambio_clim%C3%A1tico_en_M%C3%A9xico">Peligro, vulnerabilidad y riesgo por sequía en el contexto del cambio climático en México</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El cambio climático está provocando una intensificación en la variabilidad climática natural, con un aumento en la frecuencia y severidad de las sequías en muchas partes del mundo. El peligro por sequía se refiere a la probabilidad de que... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38703434" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El cambio climático está provocando una intensificación en la variabilidad climática natural, con un aumento en la frecuencia y severidad de las sequías en muchas partes del mundo. El peligro por sequía se refiere a la probabilidad de que ocurra un evento de sequía en un espacio y tiempo determinados con suficiente intensidad como para producir daños; la vulnerabilidad ante la sequía es el grado en que un sistema es susceptible e incapaz de hacer frente a los efectos adversos, daños o perjuicios causados por este fenómeno natural; y el riesgo por sequía está determinado por la confluencia del peligro y la vulnerabilidad. Con base en estos conceptos, en este artículo se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de una metodología desarrollada por los autores para determinar índices municipales de peligro, vulnerabilidad y riesgo por sequía en México. Los resultados indican que la metodología es viable para su aplicación a nivel nacional, e inclusive puede ser adaptado para aplicarse a nivel estatal o regional. Su principal ventaja es que se basa en un procedimiento analítico objetivo que permite identificar los municipios más vulnerables desde los puntos de vista económico, social y ambiental, y aquellos con mayor propensión y riesgo de ser afectados por sequía. Se concluye que los resultados obtenidos pueden ser útiles para los tomadores de decisiones y los responsables de formular políticas públicas en varios sentidos, tales como: establecer prioridades en la implementación de medidas de prevención y mitigación; entender dónde y cómo mejorar las capacidades de adaptación; entender dónde y cómo disminuir la exposición y la sensibilidad; y, en última instancia, optimizar la distribución de recursos de los diversos programas gubernamentales orientados al desarrollo social, los cuales contribuyen al fortalecimiento de capacidades para hacer frente a los fenómenos hidrometeorológicos extremos y a la adaptación al cambio climático.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38703434" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9d446e99596c77d172685e287947490d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58786770,"asset_id":38703434,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58786770/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33265329" href="https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtegaGaucin">David Ortega-Gaucin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33265329" type="text/json">{"id":33265329,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ortega-Gaucin","domain_name":"imta","page_name":"DavidOrtegaGaucin","display_name":"David Ortega-Gaucin","profile_url":"https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtegaGaucin?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38703434 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38703434"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38703434, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38703434", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38703434 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38703434; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38703434"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38703434 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38703434"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38703434; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38703434]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38703434").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38703434").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38703434"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3995" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management">Disaster risk management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3995" type="text/json">{"id":3995,"name":"Disaster risk management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7439" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability">Risk and Vulnerability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7439" type="text/json">{"id":7439,"name":"Risk and Vulnerability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12061" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management">Risk Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12061" type="text/json">{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38703434]'), work: {"id":38703434,"title":"Peligro, vulnerabilidad y riesgo por sequía en el contexto del cambio climático en México","created_at":"2019-04-03T09:12:51.965-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38703434/Peligro_vulnerabilidad_y_riesgo_por_sequ%C3%ADa_en_el_contexto_del_cambio_clim%C3%A1tico_en_M%C3%A9xico?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_38703434","summary":"El cambio climático está provocando una intensificación en la variabilidad climática natural, con un aumento en la frecuencia y severidad de las sequías en muchas partes del mundo. El peligro por sequía se refiere a la probabilidad de que ocurra un evento de sequía en un espacio y tiempo determinados con suficiente intensidad como para producir daños; la vulnerabilidad ante la sequía es el grado en que un sistema es susceptible e incapaz de hacer frente a los efectos adversos, daños o perjuicios causados por este fenómeno natural; y el riesgo por sequía está determinado por la confluencia del peligro y la vulnerabilidad. Con base en estos conceptos, en este artículo se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de una metodología desarrollada por los autores para determinar índices municipales de peligro, vulnerabilidad y riesgo por sequía en México. Los resultados indican que la metodología es viable para su aplicación a nivel nacional, e inclusive puede ser adaptado para aplicarse a nivel estatal o regional. Su principal ventaja es que se basa en un procedimiento analítico objetivo que permite identificar los municipios más vulnerables desde los puntos de vista económico, social y ambiental, y aquellos con mayor propensión y riesgo de ser afectados por sequía. Se concluye que los resultados obtenidos pueden ser útiles para los tomadores de decisiones y los responsables de formular políticas públicas en varios sentidos, tales como: establecer prioridades en la implementación de medidas de prevención y mitigación; entender dónde y cómo mejorar las capacidades de adaptación; entender dónde y cómo disminuir la exposición y la sensibilidad; y, en última instancia, optimizar la distribución de recursos de los diversos programas gubernamentales orientados al desarrollo social, los cuales contribuyen al fortalecimiento de capacidades para hacer frente a los fenómenos hidrometeorológicos extremos y a la adaptación al cambio climático.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58786770,"asset_id":38703434,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33265329,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ortega-Gaucin","domain_name":"imta","page_name":"DavidOrtegaGaucin","display_name":"David Ortega-Gaucin","profile_url":"https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtegaGaucin?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3995,"name":"Disaster risk management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":7439,"name":"Risk and Vulnerability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":15816,"name":"Risk and Vulnerability - Natural Hazards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability_-_Natural_Hazards?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":16823,"name":"Vulnerability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vulnerability?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":20286,"name":"Drought Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Stress?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":82557,"name":"Disaster risk reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_reduction?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":115677,"name":"Drought and Water Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_and_Water_Stress?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":305303,"name":"Vulnerability assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vulnerability_assessment?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032184,"name":"Drought Indicators/indices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Indicators_indices?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40805416" data-work_id="40805416" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40805416/Impact_Assessment_of_Recurrent_Droughts_on_Agricultural_and_Pastoral_Communities_in_Somaliland">Impact Assessment of Recurrent Droughts on Agricultural and Pastoral Communities in Somaliland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The study focuses on the assessment of the impacts of recurrent droughts on agricultural and pastoral communities in Baligubadle and Gabiley Districts of Marodiheh Region, Somaliland. Many parts of this country with limited water... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40805416" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The study focuses on the assessment of the impacts of recurrent droughts on agricultural and pastoral communities in Baligubadle and Gabiley Districts of Marodiheh Region, Somaliland. Many parts of this country with limited water availability pose serious challenges to development. In the year 2008 it estimated that 150,000 pastoralists in the coastal areas were affected. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative approach. The quantitative data gathered was analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative data was analysed using content analysis, themes, explanations, descriptions and photography. The sample size used was 384 and this was drawn from target population of 14560 respondents based on Solvents formula for sample selection. The findings showed that impact of drought is reflected in a failed harvest of crops and Livestock production. The frequent droughts severely affected them leading to experience food insecurity, limited water for both human and animal consumptions. The highest proportion of the study attributes the causes of the recurrent drought to Natural factor endowment (rainfall scarcity), while others associate it to factors like deforestation, soil erosion. Possible drought tolerance mechanisms were based on variables like relevancy of services, actual service delivered, quality, and quantity.Inconclusion,the objectives of the study were attained, respondents were able to point drought directly by identifying its impacts and effects on livestock and crops in individuals, household and community levels. The study recommends that agricultural extension and veterinary service delivery should receive massive investment and a renewed commitment and vision to generate a fundamental change in the lives of the poor livestock and crop farmers. Most important fall, afforestation, reforestation, agro-forestation and refrain from environmental degradation through forest cover clearance and charcoal burning must be a priority. It also recommends the above areas to be further studied by NERAD and relevant ministries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40805416" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c238bd7f74bf4c6742252985616603d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61089042,"asset_id":40805416,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61089042/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2894073" href="https://kampalau.academia.edu/AbdirahmanGaas">Abdirahman Gaas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2894073" type="text/json">{"id":2894073,"first_name":"Abdirahman","last_name":"Gaas","domain_name":"kampalau","page_name":"AbdirahmanGaas","display_name":"Abdirahman Gaas","profile_url":"https://kampalau.academia.edu/AbdirahmanGaas?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2894073/955341/93469561/s65_abdirahman.gaas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40805416 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40805416"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40805416, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40805416", }); 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Many parts of this country with limited water availability pose serious challenges to development. In the year 2008 it estimated that 150,000 pastoralists in the coastal areas were affected. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative approach. The quantitative data gathered was analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative data was analysed using content analysis, themes, explanations, descriptions and photography. The sample size used was 384 and this was drawn from target population of 14560 respondents based on Solvents formula for sample selection. The findings showed that impact of drought is reflected in a failed harvest of crops and Livestock production. The frequent droughts severely affected them leading to experience food insecurity, limited water for both human and animal consumptions. The highest proportion of the study attributes the causes of the recurrent drought to Natural factor endowment (rainfall scarcity), while others associate it to factors like deforestation, soil erosion. Possible drought tolerance mechanisms were based on variables like relevancy of services, actual service delivered, quality, and quantity.Inconclusion,the objectives of the study were attained, respondents were able to point drought directly by identifying its impacts and effects on livestock and crops in individuals, household and community levels. The study recommends that agricultural extension and veterinary service delivery should receive massive investment and a renewed commitment and vision to generate a fundamental change in the lives of the poor livestock and crop farmers. Most important fall, afforestation, reforestation, agro-forestation and refrain from environmental degradation through forest cover clearance and charcoal burning must be a priority. It also recommends the above areas to be further studied by NERAD and relevant ministries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61089042,"asset_id":40805416,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2894073,"first_name":"Abdirahman","last_name":"Gaas","domain_name":"kampalau","page_name":"AbdirahmanGaas","display_name":"Abdirahman Gaas","profile_url":"https://kampalau.academia.edu/AbdirahmanGaas?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2894073/955341/93469561/s65_abdirahman.gaas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7312,"name":"Agricultural Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Economics?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":32305,"name":"Pastoralism (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pastoralism_Archaeology_?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4299120" data-work_id="4299120" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4299120/Kallio_Veli_A_and_Lappalainen_M_Preparing_the_Amazon_Ecosystems_for_the_Changing_Climate">Kallio, Veli A. & Lappalainen, M.: 'Preparing the Amazon Ecosystems for the Changing Climate'.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"A catastrophic draught event was reported across much of the north of South America during August - December 2005. This resulted in extensive and irreversible damage in parts of the Amazon river network. The 2005 Amazon draught followed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4299120" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"A catastrophic draught event was reported across much of the north of South America during August - December 2005. This resulted in extensive and irreversible damage in parts of the <br />Amazon river network. The 2005 Amazon draught followed very unusual changes in the Atlantic Ocean’s circulatory system that altered typical wind and rain patterns. Many climatic models predict the future desiccation of the Amazon region. This paper discusses dangers of sudden swings in the Amazon’s climate and how these risks can be reduced and securing the future of the river system. <br /> <br />The Amazon river systems’ inability to adapt to the new seasonal climate patterns in 2005, which led to a complete destruction of some river ecosystems, suggested us to look at water engineering solutions to prevent the risks of more tributaries of such dying. We made a case study to oxygenate the Amazon river to raise its draught-stress threshold during the likely future draughts that may be even worse than today if the Atlantic weather system generates more storms as the world’s temperature rises. <br /> <br />We studied a 100 kilometre wide section near the Amazon’s mouth. We assumed temperature +30C (when 100% oxygenated water contains 7,6 mg O2 / litre). The addition of 2,5 mg O2 / l represents 1/3 of the total, i.e. raising from 70% to 100%. This large water body oxygenation project requires 4 million kg O2 / day. 2,000 MIXOX units consume 80 MW / 100 km of river. 1,000 km demand is at 800 MW (1 power station), costing ~500 million euros p.a." <a href="http://www.vesieko.fi/yhteystiedot" rel="nofollow">http://www.vesieko.fi/yhteystiedot</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4299120" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ffae97c31c001431042b141bdadef976" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31762109,"asset_id":4299120,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31762109/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5226464" href="https://exploresrs.academia.edu/VeliKallio">Veli Albert Kallio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5226464" type="text/json">{"id":5226464,"first_name":"Veli Albert","last_name":"Kallio","domain_name":"exploresrs","page_name":"VeliKallio","display_name":"Veli Albert Kallio","profile_url":"https://exploresrs.academia.edu/VeliKallio?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5226464/2301250/2686492/s65_veli.kallio.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4299120 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4299120"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4299120, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4299120", }); 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This resulted in extensive and irreversible damage in parts of the\r\nAmazon river network. The 2005 Amazon draught followed very unusual changes in the Atlantic Ocean’s circulatory system that altered typical wind and rain patterns. Many climatic models predict the future desiccation of the Amazon region. This paper discusses dangers of sudden swings in the Amazon’s climate and how these risks can be reduced and securing the future of the river system.\r\n\r\nThe Amazon river systems’ inability to adapt to the new seasonal climate patterns in 2005, which led to a complete destruction of some river ecosystems, suggested us to look at water engineering solutions to prevent the risks of more tributaries of such dying. We made a case study to oxygenate the Amazon river to raise its draught-stress threshold during the likely future draughts that may be even worse than today if the Atlantic weather system generates more storms as the world’s temperature rises.\r\n\r\nWe studied a 100 kilometre wide section near the Amazon’s mouth. We assumed temperature +30C (when 100% oxygenated water contains 7,6 mg O2 / litre). The addition of 2,5 mg O2 / l represents 1/3 of the total, i.e. raising from 70% to 100%. This large water body oxygenation project requires 4 million kg O2 / day. 2,000 MIXOX units consume 80 MW / 100 km of river. 1,000 km demand is at 800 MW (1 power station), costing ~500 million euros p.a.\" http://www.vesieko.fi/yhteystiedot","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31762109,"asset_id":4299120,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5226464,"first_name":"Veli Albert","last_name":"Kallio","domain_name":"exploresrs","page_name":"VeliKallio","display_name":"Veli Albert Kallio","profile_url":"https://exploresrs.academia.edu/VeliKallio?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5226464/2301250/2686492/s65_veli.kallio.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37565806/Water_Resources_Issues_and_Management_in_India">Water Resources Issues and Management in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Water is one of the most essential natural resources for sustaining life. Its development and management play a vital role in agriculture production. Integrated water management is vital for poverty reduction, environmental sustenance,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37565806" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Water is one of the most essential natural resources for sustaining life. Its development and management play a vital role in agriculture production. Integrated water management is vital for poverty reduction, environmental sustenance, and sustainable economic development. In view of the rapid increase in population, urbanization, and industrialization, the demand for water for meeting various requirements is continuously increasing. Therefore, we are facing numerous challenges in the water sector, which include reducing per capita water availability, the decline in groundwater table in many areas, and saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers. The quality of surface water and groundwater is also deteriorating because of increasing pollutant loads from various sources. Climate change may also adversely affect the availability and distribution of water resources. This article presents an overview of relevant issues pertaining to development and management of water resources in India.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37565806" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="85762d9f663bbb61ecc642b2bea59b83" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57542861,"asset_id":37565806,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57542861/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27627" href="https://nih-in.academia.edu/CPKumar">C. P. Kumar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27627" type="text/json">{"id":27627,"first_name":"C. P.","last_name":"Kumar","domain_name":"nih-in","page_name":"CPKumar","display_name":"C. P. 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This article presents an overview of relevant issues pertaining to development and management of water resources in India.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57542861,"asset_id":37565806,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27627,"first_name":"C. P.","last_name":"Kumar","domain_name":"nih-in","page_name":"CPKumar","display_name":"C. P. 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Events resulting from climate changes such as droughts drive the majority of the population to poverty when... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43492435" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Namibia is one of the most vulnerable countries to the effects of climate change due to the aridity to most parts of the country. Events resulting from climate changes such as droughts drive the majority of the population to poverty when they occur. Drought spells have become a common feature in Namibia. In 2019, another drought hit Namibia and several resultant impacts made the news. This study aimed at providing an overview of the drought impacts from the 2019 news headlines. The study employed an online survey on reported events based on both national and international news reports. The study found that the rainfall during the 2019 drought was the lowest recorded in Windhoek since 1891 and the drought was the worst in the last 90 years in Namibia. A combination of poor, sporadic rainfall and low soil moisture has led to very low agriculture production and an extreme shortage of water, affecting several communities across the country. As a result, at least one-third of the Namibian population was left without adequate food supplies and thousands of livestock perished due to drought. The study concluded that there is a need to adopt and use various drought survival mechanisms on a permanent basis rather than only implementing them when drought occurs. This would largely reduce the dependency on the interventions. Budgetary planning could focus for instance on establishing the required desalination plants and infrastructure for pumping water from the coast to distant needy communities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43492435" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="adbaba23d6f0ece2541a6499ef7b190b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63801244,"asset_id":43492435,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63801244/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57276834" href="https://unam-na.academia.edu/RosemaryShikangalah">Rosemary N. Shikangalah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57276834" type="text/json">{"id":57276834,"first_name":"Rosemary N.","last_name":"Shikangalah","domain_name":"unam-na","page_name":"RosemaryShikangalah","display_name":"Rosemary N. Shikangalah","profile_url":"https://unam-na.academia.edu/RosemaryShikangalah?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57276834/16195711/39436762/s65_rosemary_n..shikangalah.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43492435 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43492435"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43492435, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43492435", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43492435 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43492435; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43492435"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43492435 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43492435"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43492435; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43492435]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43492435").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43492435").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43492435"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1032186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts">Drought Impacts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1032186" type="text/json">{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43492435]'), work: {"id":43492435,"title":"The 2019 drought in Namibia: An overview","created_at":"2020-07-01T11:44:20.437-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43492435/The_2019_drought_in_Namibia_An_overview?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_43492435","summary":"Namibia is one of the most vulnerable countries to the effects of climate change due to the aridity to most parts of the country. Events resulting from climate changes such as droughts drive the majority of the population to poverty when they occur. Drought spells have become a common feature in Namibia. In 2019, another drought hit Namibia and several resultant impacts made the news. This study aimed at providing an overview of the drought impacts from the 2019 news headlines. The study employed an online survey on reported events based on both national and international news reports. The study found that the rainfall during the 2019 drought was the lowest recorded in Windhoek since 1891 and the drought was the worst in the last 90 years in Namibia. A combination of poor, sporadic rainfall and low soil moisture has led to very low agriculture production and an extreme shortage of water, affecting several communities across the country. As a result, at least one-third of the Namibian population was left without adequate food supplies and thousands of livestock perished due to drought. The study concluded that there is a need to adopt and use various drought survival mechanisms on a permanent basis rather than only implementing them when drought occurs. This would largely reduce the dependency on the interventions. Budgetary planning could focus for instance on establishing the required desalination plants and infrastructure for pumping water from the coast to distant needy communities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63801244,"asset_id":43492435,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57276834,"first_name":"Rosemary N.","last_name":"Shikangalah","domain_name":"unam-na","page_name":"RosemaryShikangalah","display_name":"Rosemary N. Shikangalah","profile_url":"https://unam-na.academia.edu/RosemaryShikangalah?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57276834/16195711/39436762/s65_rosemary_n..shikangalah.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68662244" data-work_id="68662244" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68662244/A_Review_of_Drought_Indices">A Review of Drought Indices</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Shortage of food and water resources resulted from climatic crises has alarmed people around the world, in particular that the rain-watered agriculture and vegetation of natural resources suffer from the irregular rainfall in most of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68662244" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Shortage of food and water resources resulted from climatic crises has alarmed people around the world, in particular that the rain-watered agriculture and vegetation of natural resources suffer from the irregular rainfall in most of the water years. Drought and wetness year causes significant impacts on water resources, crops, commerce, trade and in general, economy and political crises. Give the fact that some countries like Iran are located in the dry belt of the world their rainfall pattern possess unique features: low intensity and high fluctuation. The persistent negative fluctuations of precipitation lead to drought characterized by different severity which imposes extensive damage on ecological and economic condition of the affected areas. Therefore, in this paper the comprehensive review of drought indices is presented and the advantages and disadvantages related to each index is discussed enabling policy makers to manage drought effectively.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68662244" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="874255dad6cb629ee389038eff01bea3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79065970,"asset_id":68662244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79065970/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="77890966" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MMatouq">Mohammed Matouq</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="77890966" type="text/json">{"id":77890966,"first_name":"Mohammed","last_name":"Matouq","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MMatouq","display_name":"Mohammed Matouq","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MMatouq?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/77890966/28617506/26744496/s65_mohammed.matouq.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68662244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68662244"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68662244, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68662244", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68662244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68662244; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68662244"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68662244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68662244"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68662244; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68662244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68662244").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68662244").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68662244"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4011" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Economics">Ecological Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4011" type="text/json">{"id":4011,"name":"Ecological Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Economics?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24093" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management">Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24093" type="text/json">{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68662244]'), work: {"id":68662244,"title":"A Review of Drought Indices","created_at":"2022-01-19T01:06:22.824-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68662244/A_Review_of_Drought_Indices?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_68662244","summary":"Shortage of food and water resources resulted from climatic crises has alarmed people around the world, in particular that the rain-watered agriculture and vegetation of natural resources suffer from the irregular rainfall in most of the water years. Drought and wetness year causes significant impacts on water resources, crops, commerce, trade and in general, economy and political crises. Give the fact that some countries like Iran are located in the dry belt of the world their rainfall pattern possess unique features: low intensity and high fluctuation. The persistent negative fluctuations of precipitation lead to drought characterized by different severity which imposes extensive damage on ecological and economic condition of the affected areas. Therefore, in this paper the comprehensive review of drought indices is presented and the advantages and disadvantages related to each index is discussed enabling policy makers to manage drought effectively.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79065970,"asset_id":68662244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":77890966,"first_name":"Mohammed","last_name":"Matouq","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MMatouq","display_name":"Mohammed Matouq","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MMatouq?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/77890966/28617506/26744496/s65_mohammed.matouq.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4011,"name":"Ecological Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Economics?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":133305,"name":"Rainfall Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainfall_Climatology?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":201862,"name":"Rainfall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainfall?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":291658,"name":"Precipitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precipitation?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032184,"name":"Drought Indicators/indices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Indicators_indices?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42755718" data-work_id="42755718" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42755718/Feasible_crop_insurance_indexes_for_drought_risk_management_in_Northern_Ethiopia">Feasible crop insurance indexes for drought risk management in Northern Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Rainfed agriculture output is constantly at risk of being influenced by rainfall deficits and drought events. The northern part of Ethiopia, has witnessed historical meteorological and agricultural drought events, which have highly... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42755718" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Rainfed agriculture output is constantly at risk of being influenced by rainfall deficits and drought events. The northern part of Ethiopia, has witnessed historical meteorological and agricultural drought events, which have highly impacted on smallholders’ crop yield. With the frequency and severity of drought events expected to increase in the future due to predicted climatic changes, the need for risk-reduction mechanisms is overt. Crop insurance is an innovative risk management mechanism during extreme weather events like droughts, with index-based insurance designs being more popular and feasible in developing countries where traditional crop insurance is unattainable. This study therefore utilized crop yield data from survey of 34 randomly selected farmers’ plots to develop payout thresholds related to reported crop losses during historical drought years to develop a crop insurance index to be triggered by drought. The kiremt (summer) DevNDVI shows the closest proxy to crop losses recorded in the area with a lower threshold of 1.31Qt/ha. The indexes designed by this study performed very well when payout conditions were evaluated in the light of the recent drought years in the area. We therefore advocate the consideration of area-specific crop insurance index for implementation in Ethiopia at large, being more compensatory than the current policies based on weather derivatives.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42755718" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9f8a7d5760c911f7fe1203ed4b184321" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62976474,"asset_id":42755718,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62976474/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="74395599" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EmmanuelEze16">Emmanuel Eze</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="74395599" type="text/json">{"id":74395599,"first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Eze","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmmanuelEze16","display_name":"Emmanuel Eze","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EmmanuelEze16?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42755718 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42755718"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42755718, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42755718", }); 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The northern part of Ethiopia, has witnessed historical meteorological and agricultural drought events, which have highly impacted on smallholders’ crop yield. With the frequency and severity of drought events expected to increase in the future due to predicted climatic changes, the need for risk-reduction mechanisms is overt. Crop insurance is an innovative risk management mechanism during extreme weather events like droughts, with index-based insurance designs being more popular and feasible in developing countries where traditional crop insurance is unattainable. This study therefore utilized crop yield data from survey of 34 randomly selected farmers’ plots to develop payout thresholds related to reported crop losses during historical drought years to develop a crop insurance index to be triggered by drought. The kiremt (summer) DevNDVI shows the closest proxy to crop losses recorded in the area with a lower threshold of 1.31Qt/ha. The indexes designed by this study performed very well when payout conditions were evaluated in the light of the recent drought years in the area. We therefore advocate the consideration of area-specific crop insurance index for implementation in Ethiopia at large, being more compensatory than the current policies based on weather derivatives.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62976474,"asset_id":42755718,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":74395599,"first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Eze","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmmanuelEze16","display_name":"Emmanuel Eze","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EmmanuelEze16?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":12749,"name":"Crop insurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_insurance?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":77982,"name":"Climate Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Risk_Management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":318464,"name":"WEATHER INDEX BASED INSURANCE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WEATHER_INDEX_BASED_INSURANCE?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1766177,"name":"Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation (DRR \u0026 CCA)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Risk_Reduction_and_Climate_Change_Adaptation_DRR_and_CCA_?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11254253" data-work_id="11254253" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11254253/Dry_Zone_Tank_Village_A_System_for_Reducing_the_Impact_of_Drought">Dry Zone Tank-Village: A System for Reducing the Impact of Drought</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">No abstract</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11254253" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e9e3f6aabc000a752b101a558b85e7fe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36851840,"asset_id":11254253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36851840/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4754717" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PunchiBandageDharmasena">Dr. P.B. Dharmasena</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4754717" type="text/json">{"id":4754717,"first_name":"Dr. P.B.","last_name":"Dharmasena","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PunchiBandageDharmasena","display_name":"Dr. P.B. 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Dharmasena","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PunchiBandageDharmasena?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4754717/3973607/17600038/s65_dr._p.b..dharmasena.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12965890" data-work_id="12965890" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12965890/Kiss_Nikoli%C4%87_Droughts_dry_spells_and_low_water_levels_in_medieval_Hungary_and_Croatia_I_The_great_droughts_of_1362_1474_1479_1494_and_1507_Journal_of_Environmental_Geography_8_1_2_2015_11_22">Kiss-Nikolić: Droughts, dry spells and low water levels in medieval Hungary (and Croatia) I: The great droughts of 1362, 1474, 1479, 1494 and 1507. Journal of Environmental Geography 8/1-2 (2015): 11-22</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the present paper five significant late medieval drought events, occurred in Hungary (4 cases) and Croatia (1 Dalmatian case), are discussed based on contemporary documentary evidence. Information on long-term lack of precipitation,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12965890" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the present paper five significant late medieval drought events, occurred in Hungary (4 cases) and Croatia (1 Dalmatian case), are discussed based on contemporary documentary evidence. Information on long-term lack of precipitation, severe annual (or multiannual) water shortage, extreme low water levels of major rivers or bad harvest and severe food shortage in 1362, 1474, 1479, 1494 and 1507, often accompanied or followed by locust invasions, were documented both in narratives, account books, charters and letters. Apart from causing food shortage or difficulties in transportation (e.g. of salt), these greatest known documented drought events of medieval Hungary were blamed for weakening the country's military defence (e.g. low water-levels) and providing good opportunities for Ottoman-Turkish attacks. These great drought events sometimes occurred one year later than those of the neighbouring areas in Central Europe – a fact that can be probably explained by the bi- or multi-annual nature of dry spells (e.g. in and around 1474, 1479, 1507) that does not necessarily fit the frame of a calendar year.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12965890" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f62caa91601ba50d51ec39d4f8993fd3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38324618,"asset_id":12965890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38324618/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1881866" href="https://tuwien.academia.edu/KissAndrea">Kiss Andrea</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1881866" type="text/json">{"id":1881866,"first_name":"Kiss","last_name":"Andrea","domain_name":"tuwien","page_name":"KissAndrea","display_name":"Kiss Andrea","profile_url":"https://tuwien.academia.edu/KissAndrea?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1881866/637888/3143164/s65_kiss.andrea.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12965890 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12965890"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12965890, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12965890", }); 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Journal of Environmental Geography 8/1-2 (2015): 11-22","created_at":"2015-06-13T12:31:22.574-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12965890/Kiss_Nikoli%C4%87_Droughts_dry_spells_and_low_water_levels_in_medieval_Hungary_and_Croatia_I_The_great_droughts_of_1362_1474_1479_1494_and_1507_Journal_of_Environmental_Geography_8_1_2_2015_11_22?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_12965890","summary":"In the present paper five significant late medieval drought events, occurred in Hungary (4 cases) and Croatia (1 Dalmatian case), are discussed based on contemporary documentary evidence. Information on long-term lack of precipitation, severe annual (or multiannual) water shortage, extreme low water levels of major rivers or bad harvest and severe food shortage in 1362, 1474, 1479, 1494 and 1507, often accompanied or followed by locust invasions, were documented both in narratives, account books, charters and letters. Apart from causing food shortage or difficulties in transportation (e.g. of salt), these greatest known documented drought events of medieval Hungary were blamed for weakening the country's military defence (e.g. low water-levels) and providing good opportunities for Ottoman-Turkish attacks. These great drought events sometimes occurred one year later than those of the neighbouring areas in Central Europe – a fact that can be probably explained by the bi- or multi-annual nature of dry spells (e.g. in and around 1474, 1479, 1507) that does not necessarily fit the frame of a calendar year.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38324618,"asset_id":12965890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1881866,"first_name":"Kiss","last_name":"Andrea","domain_name":"tuwien","page_name":"KissAndrea","display_name":"Kiss Andrea","profile_url":"https://tuwien.academia.edu/KissAndrea?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1881866/637888/3143164/s65_kiss.andrea.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":131,"name":"European 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21034609/Impact_of_Drought_and_Present_Adaptation_Practices_by_Rice_Growing_Communities_in_the_Uva_Province_of_Sri_Lanka">Impact of Drought and Present Adaptation Practices by Rice Growing Communities in the Uva Province of Sri Lanka</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">No abstract found</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21034609" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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Dharmasena</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4754717" type="text/json">{"id":4754717,"first_name":"Dr. P.B.","last_name":"Dharmasena","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PunchiBandageDharmasena","display_name":"Dr. P.B. 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Dharmasena","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PunchiBandageDharmasena?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4754717/3973607/17600038/s65_dr._p.b..dharmasena.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3255,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35303732" data-work_id="35303732" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35303732/DROUGHT_A_SOUTHERN_CAPE_PERSPECTIVE">DROUGHT: A SOUTHERN CAPE PERSPECTIVE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The main objective of this report was to review available information and literature and conduct a detailed temporal and geospatial analysis of recent drought in Southern Africa. An explanation was provided for the concept and causes of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35303732" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The main objective of this report was to review available information and literature and conduct a detailed temporal and geospatial analysis of recent drought in Southern Africa. An explanation was provided for the concept and causes of drought, as well as the different types of drought prevalent in Southern Africa. A description of the progression of the 2007-2011 southern cape drought was surmised. Included is a report on factors that exacerbated the effects of this drought. Lastly, an analysis of how drought conditions may affect people in rural areas has been provided. Methodology involved an array of data sources, entailing both quantitative and qualitative data.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35303732" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e494fe2c684cecb6febbbfc9eb153763" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55163863,"asset_id":35303732,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55163863/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="72071698" href="https://sun.academia.edu/DylanJamesMcLeod">Dylan James McLeod</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="72071698" type="text/json">{"id":72071698,"first_name":"Dylan James","last_name":"McLeod","domain_name":"sun","page_name":"DylanJamesMcLeod","display_name":"Dylan James McLeod","profile_url":"https://sun.academia.edu/DylanJamesMcLeod?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72071698/18680090/18638362/s65_dylan_james.mcleod.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35303732 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35303732"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35303732, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35303732", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35303732 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35303732; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35303732"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35303732 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35303732"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35303732; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35303732]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35303732").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35303732").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35303732"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3754" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatology">Climatology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3754" type="text/json">{"id":3754,"name":"Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18845" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18845" type="text/json">{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35303732]'), work: {"id":35303732,"title":"DROUGHT: A SOUTHERN CAPE PERSPECTIVE","created_at":"2017-11-30T12:52:44.526-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35303732/DROUGHT_A_SOUTHERN_CAPE_PERSPECTIVE?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_35303732","summary":"The main objective of this report was to review available information and literature and conduct a detailed temporal and geospatial analysis of recent drought in Southern Africa. An explanation was provided for the concept and causes of drought, as well as the different types of drought prevalent in Southern Africa. A description of the progression of the 2007-2011 southern cape drought was surmised. Included is a report on factors that exacerbated the effects of this drought. Lastly, an analysis of how drought conditions may affect people in rural areas has been provided. Methodology involved an array of data sources, entailing both quantitative and qualitative data.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55163863,"asset_id":35303732,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":72071698,"first_name":"Dylan James","last_name":"McLeod","domain_name":"sun","page_name":"DylanJamesMcLeod","display_name":"Dylan James McLeod","profile_url":"https://sun.academia.edu/DylanJamesMcLeod?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72071698/18680090/18638362/s65_dylan_james.mcleod.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":3754,"name":"Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":115677,"name":"Drought and Water Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_and_Water_Stress?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032184,"name":"Drought Indicators/indices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Indicators_indices?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68662256" data-work_id="68662256" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68662256/A_Review_of_Drought_Indices">A Review of Drought Indices</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68662256" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="37cf158c1f2e1e19a37183fe12152d81" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79065977,"asset_id":68662256,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79065977/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="77890966" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MMatouq">Mohammed Matouq</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="77890966" type="text/json">{"id":77890966,"first_name":"Mohammed","last_name":"Matouq","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MMatouq","display_name":"Mohammed Matouq","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MMatouq?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/77890966/28617506/26744496/s65_mohammed.matouq.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68662256 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68662256"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68662256, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68662256", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68662256 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68662256; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68662256"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68662256 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68662256"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68662256; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68662256]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68662256").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68662256").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68662256"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4011" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Economics">Ecological Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4011" type="text/json">{"id":4011,"name":"Ecological Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Economics?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24093" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management">Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24093" type="text/json">{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68662256]'), work: {"id":68662256,"title":"A Review of Drought Indices","created_at":"2022-01-19T01:06:23.683-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68662256/A_Review_of_Drought_Indices?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_68662256","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79065977,"asset_id":68662256,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":77890966,"first_name":"Mohammed","last_name":"Matouq","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MMatouq","display_name":"Mohammed Matouq","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MMatouq?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/77890966/28617506/26744496/s65_mohammed.matouq.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4011,"name":"Ecological Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Economics?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":133305,"name":"Rainfall Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainfall_Climatology?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":201862,"name":"Rainfall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainfall?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":291658,"name":"Precipitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precipitation?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032184,"name":"Drought Indicators/indices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Indicators_indices?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37588081 coauthored" data-work_id="37588081" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37588081/Rainfall_variability_over_Malawi_during_the_late_19th_century">Rainfall variability over Malawi during the late 19th century</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Establishing long-term records of rainfall variability is essential for understanding changes in the magnitude and frequency of extreme events. The need is particularly pressing for much of Africa, where the instrumental meteorological... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37588081" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Establishing long-term records of rainfall variability is essential for understanding changes in the magnitude and frequency of extreme events. The need is particularly pressing for much of Africa, where the instrumental meteorological record rarely stretches back beyond the early 20th century. This study extends the rainfall record for present-day Malawi back to the mid-19th century through the analysis of historical documentary materials from British and African archives.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37588081" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ccea80bdcad95b0d37a509ea0521f0b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57568530,"asset_id":37588081,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57568530/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3396084" href="https://brighton.academia.edu/DavidNash">David Nash</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3396084" type="text/json">{"id":3396084,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Nash","domain_name":"brighton","page_name":"DavidNash","display_name":"David Nash","profile_url":"https://brighton.academia.edu/DavidNash?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3396084/1148216/138053352/s65_david.nash.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-37588081">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-37588081"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://kcl.academia.edu/GeorgeAdamson">George Adamson</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-37588081'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-37588081').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37588081 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37588081"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37588081; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37588081]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37588081").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37588081").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37588081"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3896" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History">African History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3896" type="text/json">{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16656" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Meteorology">History of Meteorology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16656" type="text/json">{"id":16656,"name":"History of Meteorology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Meteorology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46780" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malawi">Malawi</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="46780" type="text/json">{"id":46780,"name":"Malawi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malawi?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37588081]'), work: {"id":37588081,"title":"Rainfall variability over Malawi during the late 19th century","created_at":"2018-10-15T07:55:41.480-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37588081/Rainfall_variability_over_Malawi_during_the_late_19th_century?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_37588081","summary":"Establishing long-term records of rainfall variability is essential for understanding changes in the magnitude and frequency of extreme events. The need is particularly pressing for much of Africa, where the instrumental meteorological record rarely stretches back beyond the early 20th century. This study extends the rainfall record for present-day Malawi back to the mid-19th century through the analysis of historical documentary materials from British and African archives.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57568530,"asset_id":37588081,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3396084,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Nash","domain_name":"brighton","page_name":"DavidNash","display_name":"David Nash","profile_url":"https://brighton.academia.edu/DavidNash?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3396084/1148216/138053352/s65_david.nash.jpg"},{"id":305307,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Adamson","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"GeorgeAdamson","display_name":"George Adamson","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/GeorgeAdamson?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/305307/75318/2963152/s65_george.adamson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":16656,"name":"History of Meteorology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Meteorology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":46780,"name":"Malawi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malawi?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":66240,"name":"Historical Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Climatology?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":80658,"name":"Climate history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_history?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":201862,"name":"Rainfall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainfall?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":575732,"name":"Historical Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30657688" data-work_id="30657688" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30657688/Deniz_Kavimleri_Hareketinde_Kurakl%C4%B1k_Teorisi_Sorunu">Deniz Kavimleri Hareketinde Kuraklık Teorisi Sorunu</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Eskiçağ Tarihi araştırmacılarının uzun yıllardır üzerine eğildiği konuların başında Ege Göçleri yahut Deniz Kavimleri Hareketi denilen, dönemin siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal yapısını derinden etkileyen olaylar dizisi gelmektedir. Bu... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30657688" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Eskiçağ Tarihi araştırmacılarının uzun yıllardır üzerine eğildiği<br />konuların başında Ege Göçleri yahut Deniz Kavimleri Hareketi denilen,<br />dönemin siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal yapısını derinden etkileyen olaylar dizisi gelmektedir. Bu olayların sebepleri ve sonuçları üzerinde uzun yıllardır çeşitli tartışmalar süregelmekte, konuyla ilgili çalışmalar yürüten bilim insanları ortak bir noktada buluşamamaktadır. Bu görüş ayrılıklarından biri göçlerin ana sebebinin kuraklık olup olmadığı yönündedir. Bu kısa çalışma tarihi metinler, arkeolojik kanıtlar ve doğa bilimlerinin konu ile ilgili ortaya koydukları fikirleri ve araştırmaları bir araya toplamak ve bu şekilde kuraklık olgusunun varlığını sorgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. İlk defa Carpenter tarafından ileri sürülen kuraklık tezi zaman içerisinde ortaya çıkan yeni bilgilerle değişime uğramış olmasına karşın özünü korumaya devam etmiştir. Bu görüş, kuraklıktan etkilenen halkların daha önce benzeri görülmemiş bir şekilde, arkalarında büyük yıkıntılara sebebiyet vererek ilerlemeleri ve sonucunda ‘’Karanlık Çağı’’ başlatmaları üzerinedir. Özellikle Drews’in son yılları etkileyen, bu ve diğer tezleri yeniden tartışmaya açan çalışmaları bu makalenin yazılmasında da etkili olmuştur. Nihayetinde geçmişten günümüze yapılan çalışmalar ve ortaya atılan fikirler birbiriyle çelişmiş, kafa karıştırıcı bir hal almıştır. Bu kısa çalışma ile ortaya çıkan bu karmaşayı bir nebze olsun gidermek amaçlanmıştır.<br /><br />For many years, ancient history researchers have focused on Aegean Migration or Sea Peoples Movement. This movements changed political, economical and social structure of the period. There are several on-going argumentations about the causes and consequences of these events but there is no common idea between the scientists who are working on this issue. The most important disagreement about the<br />migrations is whether the main reason of movements is drought or not. In this short study, it was aimed to compile ancient texts, arceological evidences and scientific explanations about the theory of drought, and<br />also investigate whether the theory of drought is exist or not. The theory of drought asserted by carpenter arranged with new informations and ideas over time but it has preserved its main idea. According to the<br />theory, people devastated unprecedentedly and entered the dark ages because of the drought. Especially, Drews’s study reopened the discussion about the theory of drought and this article is inspired by the<br />opinions of Drews. Consequently, from past to present,studies and opinions are in contradiction with each other. The main purpose of this brief study was to elucidate this complicated issue.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30657688" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2bbe109eb573986536a790ab603b0a95" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51101040,"asset_id":30657688,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51101040/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11495876" href="https://metu.academia.edu/RBoraBakr%C4%B1yan%C4%B1k">R.Bora Bakrıyanık</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11495876" type="text/json">{"id":11495876,"first_name":"R.Bora","last_name":"Bakrıyanık","domain_name":"metu","page_name":"RBoraBakrıyanık","display_name":"R.Bora Bakrıyanık","profile_url":"https://metu.academia.edu/RBoraBakr%C4%B1yan%C4%B1k?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11495876/4019991/32497661/s65_r.bora.bakr_yan_k.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30657688 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30657688"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30657688, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30657688", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30657688 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30657688; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30657688"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30657688 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30657688"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30657688; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30657688]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30657688").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30657688").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30657688"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4850" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration">Migration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4850" type="text/json">{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="127433" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sea_Peoples">Sea Peoples</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="127433" type="text/json">{"id":127433,"name":"Sea Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sea_Peoples?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1032186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts">Drought Impacts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1032186" type="text/json">{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30657688]'), work: {"id":30657688,"title":"Deniz Kavimleri Hareketinde Kuraklık Teorisi Sorunu","created_at":"2016-12-28T23:31:40.124-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30657688/Deniz_Kavimleri_Hareketinde_Kurakl%C4%B1k_Teorisi_Sorunu?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_30657688","summary":"Eskiçağ Tarihi araştırmacılarının uzun yıllardır üzerine eğildiği\nkonuların başında Ege Göçleri yahut Deniz Kavimleri Hareketi denilen,\ndönemin siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal yapısını derinden etkileyen olaylar dizisi gelmektedir. Bu olayların sebepleri ve sonuçları üzerinde uzun yıllardır çeşitli tartışmalar süregelmekte, konuyla ilgili çalışmalar yürüten bilim insanları ortak bir noktada buluşamamaktadır. Bu görüş ayrılıklarından biri göçlerin ana sebebinin kuraklık olup olmadığı yönündedir. Bu kısa çalışma tarihi metinler, arkeolojik kanıtlar ve doğa bilimlerinin konu ile ilgili ortaya koydukları fikirleri ve araştırmaları bir araya toplamak ve bu şekilde kuraklık olgusunun varlığını sorgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. İlk defa Carpenter tarafından ileri sürülen kuraklık tezi zaman içerisinde ortaya çıkan yeni bilgilerle değişime uğramış olmasına karşın özünü korumaya devam etmiştir. Bu görüş, kuraklıktan etkilenen halkların daha önce benzeri görülmemiş bir şekilde, arkalarında büyük yıkıntılara sebebiyet vererek ilerlemeleri ve sonucunda ‘’Karanlık Çağı’’ başlatmaları üzerinedir. Özellikle Drews’in son yılları etkileyen, bu ve diğer tezleri yeniden tartışmaya açan çalışmaları bu makalenin yazılmasında da etkili olmuştur. Nihayetinde geçmişten günümüze yapılan çalışmalar ve ortaya atılan fikirler birbiriyle çelişmiş, kafa karıştırıcı bir hal almıştır. Bu kısa çalışma ile ortaya çıkan bu karmaşayı bir nebze olsun gidermek amaçlanmıştır.\n\nFor many years, ancient history researchers have focused on Aegean Migration or Sea Peoples Movement. This movements changed political, economical and social structure of the period. There are several on-going argumentations about the causes and consequences of these events but there is no common idea between the scientists who are working on this issue. The most important disagreement about the\nmigrations is whether the main reason of movements is drought or not. In this short study, it was aimed to compile ancient texts, arceological evidences and scientific explanations about the theory of drought, and\nalso investigate whether the theory of drought is exist or not. The theory of drought asserted by carpenter arranged with new informations and ideas over time but it has preserved its main idea. According to the\ntheory, people devastated unprecedentedly and entered the dark ages because of the drought. Especially, Drews’s study reopened the discussion about the theory of drought and this article is inspired by the\nopinions of Drews. Consequently, from past to present,studies and opinions are in contradiction with each other. The main purpose of this brief study was to elucidate this complicated issue.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51101040,"asset_id":30657688,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11495876,"first_name":"R.Bora","last_name":"Bakrıyanık","domain_name":"metu","page_name":"RBoraBakrıyanık","display_name":"R.Bora Bakrıyanık","profile_url":"https://metu.academia.edu/RBoraBakr%C4%B1yan%C4%B1k?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11495876/4019991/32497661/s65_r.bora.bakr_yan_k.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":127433,"name":"Sea Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sea_Peoples?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30284785" data-work_id="30284785" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30284785/The_National_Drought_Policy_in_Mexico">The National Drought Policy in Mexico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Traditionally, drought effects in Mexico have been attended through governmental reactive efforts directed to provide water and food, to assure health protection, and to restore economic impact once the phenomena occurred. The Mexican... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30284785" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Traditionally, drought effects in Mexico have been attended through governmental reactive efforts directed to provide water and food, to assure health protection, and to restore economic impact once the phenomena occurred. The Mexican Government through National Water Commission (CONAGUA, for its acronym in Spanish), interested in changing the paradigm for preventive actions to cope with droughts in Mexico in the past, decided to launch in 2013 the National Program Against Drought (PRONACOSE, for its acronym in Spanish) and created the Intersecretarial Commission on Droughts and Floods (CIASI, for its acronym in Spanish) to take charge of coordinating, implementing and following-up of the PRONACOSE. This program has its main focus on reducing vulnerability through the implementation of planned preventive actions under a comprehensive and participative approach. As key part of the program, Programmes of Preventive and Mitigation Drought Measures (PMPMS, for its acronym in Spanish) for each one of the 26 river basin councils established in the country and for the principal cities of Mexico were developed. These programmes include the measures that can be implemented within the river basin councils and the cities to cope with drought in three ways: before the phenomenon occurs (strategic measures), when it is starting (tactical measures) or when it is already happening (emergency measures). Also, since 2014, the National Meteorological Service (SMN, for its acronym in Spanish) releases timely alerts and monitors the evolution of the drought including affected areas and level of severity of the phenomenon at a basin, state and municipality level. It is noteworthy that in all these activities the Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA, for its acronym in Spanish) has played an important role, as this institute has provided the necessary technical support for the designing and implementation of the PRONACOSE. It is concluded that drought risk cannot be fully eliminated, nevertheless the actions that are implemented as part of this program are useful to mitigate its effects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30284785" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e45e2429d27e4743e3101508bc6e441a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50747085,"asset_id":30284785,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50747085/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14865281" href="https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtega">David Ortega-Gaucin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14865281" type="text/json">{"id":14865281,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ortega-Gaucin","domain_name":"imta","page_name":"DavidOrtega","display_name":"David Ortega-Gaucin","profile_url":"https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtega?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14865281/9843077/10970350/s65_david.ortega.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30284785 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30284785"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30284785, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30284785", }); 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The Mexican Government through National Water Commission (CONAGUA, for its acronym in Spanish), interested in changing the paradigm for preventive actions to cope with droughts in Mexico in the past, decided to launch in 2013 the National Program Against Drought (PRONACOSE, for its acronym in Spanish) and created the Intersecretarial Commission on Droughts and Floods (CIASI, for its acronym in Spanish) to take charge of coordinating, implementing and following-up of the PRONACOSE. This program has its main focus on reducing vulnerability through the implementation of planned preventive actions under a comprehensive and participative approach. As key part of the program, Programmes of Preventive and Mitigation Drought Measures (PMPMS, for its acronym in Spanish) for each one of the 26 river basin councils established in the country and for the principal cities of Mexico were developed. These programmes include the measures that can be implemented within the river basin councils and the cities to cope with drought in three ways: before the phenomenon occurs (strategic measures), when it is starting (tactical measures) or when it is already happening (emergency measures). Also, since 2014, the National Meteorological Service (SMN, for its acronym in Spanish) releases timely alerts and monitors the evolution of the drought including affected areas and level of severity of the phenomenon at a basin, state and municipality level. It is noteworthy that in all these activities the Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA, for its acronym in Spanish) has played an important role, as this institute has provided the necessary technical support for the designing and implementation of the PRONACOSE. It is concluded that drought risk cannot be fully eliminated, nevertheless the actions that are implemented as part of this program are useful to mitigate its effects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50747085,"asset_id":30284785,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14865281,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ortega-Gaucin","domain_name":"imta","page_name":"DavidOrtega","display_name":"David Ortega-Gaucin","profile_url":"https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtega?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14865281/9843077/10970350/s65_david.ortega.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":115677,"name":"Drought and Water Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_and_Water_Stress?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27827400" data-work_id="27827400" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27827400/Kiss_Weather_and_weather_related_environmental_hazards_in_medieval_Hungary_III_Documentary_evidence_on_the_14th_century_Medium_Aevum_Quotidianum_73_2016_5_55">Kiss: Weather and weather-related environmental hazards in medieval Hungary III: Documentary evidence on the 14th century. Medium Aevum Quotidianum 73 (2016): 5-55</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27827400" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b82ed83e40115775cc307253527ff7c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51579105,"asset_id":27827400,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51579105/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1881866" href="https://tuwien.academia.edu/KissAndrea">Kiss Andrea</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1881866" type="text/json">{"id":1881866,"first_name":"Kiss","last_name":"Andrea","domain_name":"tuwien","page_name":"KissAndrea","display_name":"Kiss Andrea","profile_url":"https://tuwien.academia.edu/KissAndrea?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1881866/637888/3143164/s65_kiss.andrea.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27827400 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27827400"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27827400, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27827400", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/38638775/Impacts_of_the_High_Aswan_Dam">Impacts of the High Aswan Dam</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Without any doubt, the High Aswan Dam in Egypt has been the most well-known dam in the world in the past fi ve decades. From Argentina to Australia and from Tokyo to Timbuktu, professionals in water management and development are often... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38638775" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Without any doubt, the High Aswan Dam in Egypt has been the most well-known dam in the world in the past fi ve decades. From Argentina to Australia and from Tokyo to Timbuktu, professionals in water management and development are often familiar with the High Aswan Dam, even though they may not be aware of the names and locations of major dams in their own countries. The logical question that arises is why are numerous people aware of a dam in a distant part of the world, which they have never visited, when they often lack even elementary knowledge of important dams in their own regions? What is so special about the High Aswan Dam that has made it one of the world’s most well-known, if not the most well-known, and most discussed water infrastructures in the world?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38638775" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8a552c906cd78be3a14b057b42e886cd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58716587,"asset_id":38638775,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58716587/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30458579" href="https://glasgow.academia.edu/ProfAsitKBiswas">Prof. Asit K . Biswas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30458579" type="text/json">{"id":30458579,"first_name":"Prof. Asit","last_name":"Biswas","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"ProfAsitKBiswas","display_name":"Prof. Asit K . Biswas","profile_url":"https://glasgow.academia.edu/ProfAsitKBiswas?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30458579/8867181/20050724/s65_prof._asit_k..biswas.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38638775">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38638775"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://glasgow.academia.edu/CeciliaTortajada">Cecilia Tortajada</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38638775'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38638775').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38638775 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38638775"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38638775, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38638775", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38638775 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38638775; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38638775"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38638775 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38638775"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38638775; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38638775]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38638775").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38638775").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38638775"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Dams">Large Dams</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15704" type="text/json">{"id":15704,"name":"Large Dams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Dams?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17619" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flood_Mitigation">Flood Mitigation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17619" type="text/json">{"id":17619,"name":"Flood Mitigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flood_Mitigation?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1032186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts">Drought Impacts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1032186" type="text/json">{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38638775]'), work: {"id":38638775,"title":"Impacts of the High Aswan Dam","created_at":"2019-03-26T14:13:43.926-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38638775/Impacts_of_the_High_Aswan_Dam?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_38638775","summary":"Without any doubt, the High Aswan Dam in Egypt has been the most well-known dam in the world in the past fi ve decades. From Argentina to Australia and from Tokyo to Timbuktu, professionals in water management and development are often familiar with the High Aswan Dam, even though they may not be aware of the names and locations of major dams in their own countries. The logical question that arises is why are numerous people aware of a dam in a distant part of the world, which they have never visited, when they often lack even elementary knowledge of important dams in their own regions? What is so special about the High Aswan Dam that has made it one of the world’s most well-known, if not the most well-known, and most discussed water infrastructures in the world?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58716587,"asset_id":38638775,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30458579,"first_name":"Prof. Asit","last_name":"Biswas","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"ProfAsitKBiswas","display_name":"Prof. Asit K . Biswas","profile_url":"https://glasgow.academia.edu/ProfAsitKBiswas?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30458579/8867181/20050724/s65_prof._asit_k..biswas.jpg"},{"id":66038744,"first_name":"Cecilia","last_name":"Tortajada","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"CeciliaTortajada","display_name":"Cecilia Tortajada","profile_url":"https://glasgow.academia.edu/CeciliaTortajada?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/66038744/17208015/113449364/s65_cecilia.tortajada.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15704,"name":"Large Dams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Dams?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":17619,"name":"Flood Mitigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flood_Mitigation?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31472970 coauthored" data-work_id="31472970" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31472970/Late_Holocene_droughts_in_the_Fertile_Crescent_recorded_in_a_speleothem_from_northern_Iraq">Late Holocene droughts in the Fertile Crescent recorded in a speleothem from northern Iraq</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Droughts have had large impacts on past and present societies. High-resolution paleoclimate data are essential to place recent droughts in a meaningful historical context and to predict regional future changes with greater accuracy. Such... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31472970" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Droughts have had large impacts on past and present societies. High-resolution paleoclimate data are essential to place recent droughts in a meaningful historical context and to predict regional future changes with greater accuracy. Such records, however, are very scarce in the Middle East in general, and the Fertile Crescent in particular. Here we present a 2400 year long speleothem-based multiproxy record from Gejkar Cave in northern Iraq. Oxygen and carbon isotopes and magnesium are faithful recorders of effective moisture. The new Gejkar record not only shows that droughts in 1998–2000 and 2007–2010, which have been argued to be a contributing factor to Syrian civil war, were extreme compared to the current mean climate, but they were also superimposed on a long-term aridification trend that already started around or before 950 C.E. (Common Era). This long-term trend is not captured by tree ring records and climate models, emphasizing the importance of using various paleoclimate proxy data to evaluate and improve climate models and to correctly inform policy makers about future hydroclimatic changes in this drought-prone region.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31472970" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b03b589d99215be85a7be1e3fca2479" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51833912,"asset_id":31472970,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51833912/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="376101" href="https://unibasel.academia.edu/DominikFleitmann">Dominik Fleitmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="376101" type="text/json">{"id":376101,"first_name":"Dominik","last_name":"Fleitmann","domain_name":"unibasel","page_name":"DominikFleitmann","display_name":"Dominik Fleitmann","profile_url":"https://unibasel.academia.edu/DominikFleitmann?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/376101/116254/32185532/s65_dominik.fleitmann.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-31472970">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-31472970"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uni-kiel.academia.edu/PascalFlohr">Pascal Flohr</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://reading.academia.edu/WendyMatthews">Wendy Matthews</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://reading.academia.edu/RogerMatthews">Roger Matthews</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-31472970'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-31472970').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31472970 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31472970"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31472970, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31472970", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31472970 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31472970; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31472970"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31472970 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31472970"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31472970; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31472970]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31472970").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31472970").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31472970"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="292" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoclimatology">Palaeoclimatology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="292" type="text/json">{"id":292,"name":"Palaeoclimatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoclimatology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2258" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoclimatology">Paleoclimatology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2258" type="text/json">{"id":2258,"name":"Paleoclimatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoclimatology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31472970]'), work: {"id":31472970,"title":"Late Holocene droughts in the Fertile Crescent recorded in a speleothem from northern Iraq","created_at":"2017-02-16T14:10:37.845-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31472970/Late_Holocene_droughts_in_the_Fertile_Crescent_recorded_in_a_speleothem_from_northern_Iraq?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_31472970","summary":"Droughts have had large impacts on past and present societies. High-resolution paleoclimate data are essential to place recent droughts in a meaningful historical context and to predict regional future changes with greater accuracy. Such records, however, are very scarce in the Middle East in general, and the Fertile Crescent in particular. Here we present a 2400 year long speleothem-based multiproxy record from Gejkar Cave in northern Iraq. Oxygen and carbon isotopes and magnesium are faithful recorders of effective moisture. The new Gejkar record not only shows that droughts in 1998–2000 and 2007–2010, which have been argued to be a contributing factor to Syrian civil war, were extreme compared to the current mean climate, but they were also superimposed on a long-term aridification trend that already started around or before 950 C.E. (Common Era). This long-term trend is not captured by tree ring records and climate models, emphasizing the importance of using various paleoclimate proxy data to evaluate and improve climate models and to correctly inform policy makers about future hydroclimatic changes in this drought-prone region.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51833912,"asset_id":31472970,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":376101,"first_name":"Dominik","last_name":"Fleitmann","domain_name":"unibasel","page_name":"DominikFleitmann","display_name":"Dominik Fleitmann","profile_url":"https://unibasel.academia.edu/DominikFleitmann?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/376101/116254/32185532/s65_dominik.fleitmann.jpg"},{"id":5634,"first_name":"Pascal","last_name":"Flohr","domain_name":"uni-kiel","page_name":"PascalFlohr","display_name":"Pascal Flohr","profile_url":"https://uni-kiel.academia.edu/PascalFlohr?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5634/328054/389023/s65_pascal.flohr.jpg"},{"id":31870277,"first_name":"Wendy","last_name":"Matthews","domain_name":"reading","page_name":"WendyMatthews","display_name":"Wendy Matthews","profile_url":"https://reading.academia.edu/WendyMatthews?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":6837275,"first_name":"Roger","last_name":"Matthews","domain_name":"reading","page_name":"RogerMatthews","display_name":"Roger Matthews","profile_url":"https://reading.academia.edu/RogerMatthews?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6837275/23000341/22129410/s65_roger.matthews.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":292,"name":"Palaeoclimatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoclimatology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":2258,"name":"Paleoclimatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoclimatology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":18912,"name":"Stable isotope paleoclimatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stable_isotope_paleoclimatology?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":23422,"name":"Paleoclimate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoclimate?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":43520,"name":"Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22214825" data-work_id="22214825" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22214825/ANALYSIS_OF_DROUGHT_EFFECT_ON_ANNUAL_STREAM_FLOWS_OF_RIVER_MALEWA_IN_THE_LAKE_NAIVASHA_BASIN_KENYA">ANALYSIS OF DROUGHT EFFECT ON ANNUAL STREAM FLOWS OF RIVER MALEWA IN THE LAKE NAIVASHA BASIN, KENYA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The main parameters of drought phenomenon are the longest duration and largest severity for a desired return period. These parameters form the basis for designing water storage structures to cope with drought effects. In this study, these... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22214825" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The main parameters of drought phenomenon are the longest duration and largest severity for a desired return period. These parameters form the basis for designing water storage structures to cope with drought effects. In this study, these drought parameters were estimated using the probability based theory. The sample estimates of the mean, coefficient of variation, skew-ness, correlation and information on the probability distribution of flow sequence, were used as the basic input parameters. The truncation level was considered at mean level of the annual flow sequences of River Malewa in Lake Naivasha basin. In this basin, 100, 50, 10, 5 and 2-year droughts may persist continuously for 6, 4, 3, 2 and 1 years respectively. From the probabilistic approach for a normal probability distribution function, high values of coefficient of variation resulted in high values of the actual severity. The results show that there is drought severity in Lake Naivasha basin especially in parts experiencing high inter-annual variability in annual flow regimes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22214825" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="17804456aca01a91dbd10fdca48daeee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42868286,"asset_id":22214825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42868286/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43574653" href="https://egerton.academia.edu/mkyambia">mwanzia kyambia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43574653" type="text/json">{"id":43574653,"first_name":"mwanzia","last_name":"kyambia","domain_name":"egerton","page_name":"mkyambia","display_name":"mwanzia kyambia","profile_url":"https://egerton.academia.edu/mkyambia?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43574653/11642573/12982196/s65_mwanzia.kyambia.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22214825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22214825"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22214825, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22214825", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22214825]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22214825").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22214825").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22214825"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="195247" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Prediction_technologies">Drought Prediction technologies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="195247" type="text/json">{"id":195247,"name":"Drought Prediction technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Prediction_technologies?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="195248" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge_on_Droughts">Indigenous Knowledge on Droughts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="195248" type="text/json">{"id":195248,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge on Droughts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge_on_Droughts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395400" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Risk_Assessment_Planning_and_Decision_Making_and_Mitigation_Climate_Impacts_esp._Adaptati">Drought Risk Assessment, Planning and Decision Making and Mitigation; Climate Impacts esp. Adaptation for Drought Risk Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395400" type="text/json">{"id":395400,"name":"Drought Risk Assessment, Planning and Decision Making and Mitigation; Climate Impacts esp. Adaptation for Drought Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Risk_Assessment_Planning_and_Decision_Making_and_Mitigation_Climate_Impacts_esp._Adaptati?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1032186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts">Drought Impacts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1032186" type="text/json">{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22214825]'), work: {"id":22214825,"title":"ANALYSIS OF DROUGHT EFFECT ON ANNUAL STREAM FLOWS OF RIVER MALEWA IN THE LAKE NAIVASHA BASIN, KENYA","created_at":"2016-02-20T04:38:31.207-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22214825/ANALYSIS_OF_DROUGHT_EFFECT_ON_ANNUAL_STREAM_FLOWS_OF_RIVER_MALEWA_IN_THE_LAKE_NAIVASHA_BASIN_KENYA?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_22214825","summary":"The main parameters of drought phenomenon are the longest duration and largest severity for a desired return period. These parameters form the basis for designing water storage structures to cope with drought effects. In this study, these drought parameters were estimated using the probability based theory. The sample estimates of the mean, coefficient of variation, skew-ness, correlation and information on the probability distribution of flow sequence, were used as the basic input parameters. The truncation level was considered at mean level of the annual flow sequences of River Malewa in Lake Naivasha basin. In this basin, 100, 50, 10, 5 and 2-year droughts may persist continuously for 6, 4, 3, 2 and 1 years respectively. From the probabilistic approach for a normal probability distribution function, high values of coefficient of variation resulted in high values of the actual severity. The results show that there is drought severity in Lake Naivasha basin especially in parts experiencing high inter-annual variability in annual flow regimes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42868286,"asset_id":22214825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43574653,"first_name":"mwanzia","last_name":"kyambia","domain_name":"egerton","page_name":"mkyambia","display_name":"mwanzia kyambia","profile_url":"https://egerton.academia.edu/mkyambia?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43574653/11642573/12982196/s65_mwanzia.kyambia.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":195247,"name":"Drought Prediction technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Prediction_technologies?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":195248,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge on Droughts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge_on_Droughts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":395400,"name":"Drought Risk Assessment, Planning and Decision Making and Mitigation; Climate Impacts esp. Adaptation for Drought Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Risk_Assessment_Planning_and_Decision_Making_and_Mitigation_Climate_Impacts_esp._Adaptati?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14830815" data-work_id="14830815" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14830815/Regional_frequency_analysis_of_meteorological_droughts_on_the_major_region_based_on_cereal_agriculture_at_Venezuela">Regional frequency analysis of meteorological droughts on the major region based on cereal agriculture at Venezuela</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Los Llanos represents the main cereal producing region in Venezuela, but the region is usually affected by some extreme droughts. Droughts cause great economic losses and affect grain production, thus preventing adequate supply to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14830815" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Los Llanos represents the main cereal producing region in Venezuela, but the region is usually affected by some extreme droughts. Droughts cause great economic losses and affect grain production, thus preventing adequate supply to the domestic market. The objective of this study was to perform a regional frequency analysis to estimate the return period of extreme droughts at Anzoátegui, Cojedes, Portuguesa, and Guárico States as the study unit (SU). It included identification of homogeneous regions according to the frequency distribution of the annual precipitation at the SU, determination of the regional growth curve in the homogeneous regions, and mapping of the return period of extreme dry years in the SU. It was found that the SU has six homogeneous sub-regions according to the distribution of annual rainfall; the probability distribution function that best fits the annual rainfall records in the SU is the Generalized Normal, followed by the Pearson type III; the watershed of rivers Unare and Manzanares (northern Anzoátegui) and the geographical axis San Juan-Guanipa (northeastern Anzoátegui), the watershed of river Manapire (Guárico) and the plains “Morichal Largo” (southern Anzoátegui) have the highest risk of occurrence of dry years.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14830815" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b7661ff9d396b288c8e16dfab4cb36fe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38437320,"asset_id":14830815,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38437320/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12783063" href="https://unellez.academia.edu/FranklinParedes">Franklin Paredes-Trejo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12783063" type="text/json">{"id":12783063,"first_name":"Franklin","last_name":"Paredes-Trejo","domain_name":"unellez","page_name":"FranklinParedes","display_name":"Franklin Paredes-Trejo","profile_url":"https://unellez.academia.edu/FranklinParedes?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12783063/3633508/14169549/s65_franklin.paredes.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14830815 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14830815"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14830815, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14830815", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14830815 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14830815; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14830815"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14830815 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14830815"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14830815; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14830815]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14830815").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14830815").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14830815"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1032186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts">Drought Impacts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1032186" type="text/json">{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14830815]'), work: {"id":14830815,"title":"Regional frequency analysis of meteorological droughts on the major region based on cereal agriculture at Venezuela","created_at":"2015-08-10T12:05:05.305-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14830815/Regional_frequency_analysis_of_meteorological_droughts_on_the_major_region_based_on_cereal_agriculture_at_Venezuela?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_14830815","summary":"Los Llanos represents the main cereal producing region in Venezuela, but the region is usually affected by some extreme droughts. Droughts cause great economic losses and affect grain production, thus preventing adequate supply to the domestic market. The objective of this study was to perform a regional frequency analysis to estimate the return period of extreme droughts at Anzoátegui, Cojedes, Portuguesa, and Guárico States as the study unit (SU). It included identification of homogeneous regions according to the frequency distribution of the annual precipitation at the SU, determination of the regional growth curve in the homogeneous regions, and mapping of the return period of extreme dry years in the SU. It was found that the SU has six homogeneous sub-regions according to the distribution of annual rainfall; the probability distribution function that best fits the annual rainfall records in the SU is the Generalized Normal, followed by the Pearson type III; the watershed of rivers Unare and Manzanares (northern Anzoátegui) and the geographical axis San Juan-Guanipa (northeastern Anzoátegui), the watershed of river Manapire (Guárico) and the plains “Morichal Largo” (southern Anzoátegui) have the highest risk of occurrence of dry years.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38437320,"asset_id":14830815,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12783063,"first_name":"Franklin","last_name":"Paredes-Trejo","domain_name":"unellez","page_name":"FranklinParedes","display_name":"Franklin Paredes-Trejo","profile_url":"https://unellez.academia.edu/FranklinParedes?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12783063/3633508/14169549/s65_franklin.paredes.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31831329 coauthored" data-work_id="31831329" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31831329/Influence_of_multiple_biotic_and_abiotic_factors_on_the_crown_die_back_of_European_beech_trees_at_their_drought_limit_Flora_Morphology_Distribution_Functional_Ecology_of_Plants_229_58_70">Influence of multiple biotic and abiotic factors on the crown die-back of European beech trees at their drought limit. Flora - Morphology Distribution Functional Ecology of Plants 229:58 - 70</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Owing to the growing sensitivity of forests to drought under the warming climate, more attention should be paid to the role of soil drought, plant–plant interactions, tree species and structural diversity, and other abiotic factors on the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31831329" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Owing to the growing sensitivity of forests to drought under the warming climate, more attention should be paid to the role of soil drought, plant–plant interactions, tree species and structural diversity, and other abiotic factors on the crown die-back of trees. We studied how permanent soil water stress had impacted on crown die-back of beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) at their drought limit in near-natural temperate forests of Germany and Switzerland. Crown die-back was quantified by the proportion of dead above-ground biomass to total biomass for the individual beech tree. We quantified the available soil water storage capacity as a measure of soil drought stress in combination with other biotic (e.g., plant–plant interactions, tree species diversity, stand structural diversity, plant height and proportion of oak trees) and abiotic (e.g., light availability, soil pH, soil bulk density, potential evapotranspiration) factors to determine the influence of those stressors on crown die-back. We found increases in soil water storage capacity, neighbourhood interactions, plant height and light decreased crown die-back of the beech trees. These stressors differently influenced the die-back among different parts of tree crown. Soil water storage capacity, light availability, intra- and interspecific interactions, plant height and tree species diversity had the strongest influence on die-back in the upper part of the crown. Permanent death of beech trees occurred when the amount of dead above-ground biomass exceeded a 58% mortality threshold. We conclude that vitality of beech trees in drought stressed forests is related to soil water storage capacity, light availability, neighbourhood interactions and tree species diversity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31831329" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a55a4a0d0cd751ee959c2f26f6dc1be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52125493,"asset_id":31831329,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52125493/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="283645" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrSomidhSaha">Dr. Somidh Saha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="283645" type="text/json">{"id":283645,"first_name":"Dr. Somidh","last_name":"Saha","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrSomidhSaha","display_name":"Dr. Somidh Saha","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrSomidhSaha?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/283645/57889/5208964/s65_dr._somidh.saha.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-31831329">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-31831329"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlbertReif">Albert Reif</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-31831329'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-31831329').html(); 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Flora - Morphology Distribution Functional Ecology of Plants 229:58 - 70","created_at":"2017-03-12T11:48:10.784-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31831329/Influence_of_multiple_biotic_and_abiotic_factors_on_the_crown_die_back_of_European_beech_trees_at_their_drought_limit_Flora_Morphology_Distribution_Functional_Ecology_of_Plants_229_58_70?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_31831329","summary":"Owing to the growing sensitivity of forests to drought under the warming climate, more attention should be paid to the role of soil drought, plant–plant interactions, tree species and structural diversity, and other abiotic factors on the crown die-back of trees. We studied how permanent soil water stress had impacted on crown die-back of beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) at their drought limit in near-natural temperate forests of Germany and Switzerland. Crown die-back was quantified by the proportion of dead above-ground biomass to total biomass for the individual beech tree. We quantified the available soil water storage capacity as a measure of soil drought stress in combination with other biotic (e.g., plant–plant interactions, tree species diversity, stand structural diversity, plant height and proportion of oak trees) and abiotic (e.g., light availability, soil pH, soil bulk density, potential evapotranspiration) factors to determine the influence of those stressors on crown die-back. We found increases in soil water storage capacity, neighbourhood interactions, plant height and light decreased crown die-back of the beech trees. These stressors differently influenced the die-back among different parts of tree crown. Soil water storage capacity, light availability, intra- and interspecific interactions, plant height and tree species diversity had the strongest influence on die-back in the upper part of the crown. Permanent death of beech trees occurred when the amount of dead above-ground biomass exceeded a 58% mortality threshold. We conclude that vitality of beech trees in drought stressed forests is related to soil water storage capacity, light availability, neighbourhood interactions and tree species diversity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52125493,"asset_id":31831329,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":283645,"first_name":"Dr. Somidh","last_name":"Saha","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrSomidhSaha","display_name":"Dr. Somidh Saha","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrSomidhSaha?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/283645/57889/5208964/s65_dr._somidh.saha.jpg"},{"id":8879785,"first_name":"Albert","last_name":"Reif","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlbertReif","display_name":"Albert Reif","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlbertReif?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1041,"name":"Forestry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1360,"name":"Plant Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Ecology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":3255,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":7653,"name":"Forest Ecology And 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anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_morphology_and_anatomy?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":203841,"name":"Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abiotic_and_Biotic_Stresses_in_Plants?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":205949,"name":"Fagus Sylvatica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fagus_Sylvatica?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":360283,"name":"Fagus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fagus?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":779432,"name":"European forestry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_forestry?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42978763 coauthored" data-work_id="42978763" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42978763/Climate_resilient_agriculture_in_Bangladesh_A_value_chain_analysis_of_cotton">Climate-resilient agriculture in Bangladesh: A value chain analysis of cotton</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The overall objective of this study was to map existing processes, benefits and constraints within the cotton value chain and the additional vulnerabilities posed by climate change in Bangladesh. Based on these, this report suggests... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42978763" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The overall objective of this study was to map existing processes, benefits and constraints within the cotton value chain and the additional vulnerabilities posed by climate change in Bangladesh. Based on these, this report suggests informed measures to address value chain bottlenecks and build the resilience of the crop and its farmers to the impending impacts of climate change. These measures can be taken by the government, community-based organizations, private sector entities and other stakeholders for replication, and could involve scaling up and enhancing the value share of small and marginal farmers and other vulnerable groups in the process. A value chain approach supports integrated climate risk management through better connection of producers to markets and increased economic returns to small farmers. Thus, it is an approach not just to building climate resilience but also to providing more effective support for agriculture generally.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42978763" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8969168642a0513361232d2326b14e0c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63238401,"asset_id":42978763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63238401/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71940168" href="https://buet.academia.edu/MahjabeenRahman">Mahjabeen Rahman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71940168" type="text/json">{"id":71940168,"first_name":"Mahjabeen","last_name":"Rahman","domain_name":"buet","page_name":"MahjabeenRahman","display_name":"Mahjabeen Rahman","profile_url":"https://buet.academia.edu/MahjabeenRahman?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71940168/20257112/117203145/s65_mahjabeen.rahman.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-42978763">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-42978763"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://healthfoodinnovationmanagement.academia.edu/MdNadiruzzaman">Md Nadiruzzaman</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-42978763'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-42978763').html(); 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Based on these, this report suggests informed measures to address value chain bottlenecks and build the resilience of the crop and its farmers to the impending impacts of climate change. These measures can be taken by the government, community-based organizations, private sector entities and other stakeholders for replication, and could involve scaling up and enhancing the value share of small and marginal farmers and other vulnerable groups in the process. A value chain approach supports integrated climate risk management through better connection of producers to markets and increased economic returns to small farmers. Thus, it is an approach not just to building climate resilience but also to providing more effective support for agriculture generally.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63238401,"asset_id":42978763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71940168,"first_name":"Mahjabeen","last_name":"Rahman","domain_name":"buet","page_name":"MahjabeenRahman","display_name":"Mahjabeen Rahman","profile_url":"https://buet.academia.edu/MahjabeenRahman?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71940168/20257112/117203145/s65_mahjabeen.rahman.jpeg"},{"id":1835374,"first_name":"Md","last_name":"Nadiruzzaman","domain_name":"healthfoodinnovationmanagement","page_name":"MdNadiruzzaman","display_name":"Md Nadiruzzaman","profile_url":"https://healthfoodinnovationmanagement.academia.edu/MdNadiruzzaman?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1835374/624895/1238687/s65_md.nadiruzzaman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3255,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":7312,"name":"Agricultural Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Economics?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":7453,"name":"Rural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Development?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":31009,"name":"Value chain analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_chain_analysis?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":66862,"name":"Climate Change Mitigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Mitigation?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":101610,"name":"Cimate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cimate_Change?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":203134,"name":"Climate Change Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Resilience?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1262198,"name":"Climate Resilient Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Resilient_Agriculture?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36617579" data-work_id="36617579" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36617579/Journal_of_South_Asian_Studies_OCCURRENCES_OF_FLOOD_HAZARDS_IN_THE_NORTHERN_REGION_OF_SRI_LANKA">Journal of South Asian Studies OCCURRENCES OF FLOOD HAZARDS IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF SRI LANKA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A B S T R A C T According to the report of the disaster management center, during the last forty years from 1974 to 2014, country faced flood impact several times (48.5%). Every year at least one of the areas of Sri Lanka faces flood... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36617579" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A B S T R A C T According to the report of the disaster management center, during the last forty years from 1974 to 2014, country faced flood impact several times (48.5%). Every year at least one of the areas of Sri Lanka faces flood impact due to heavy rainfall. Northern Province of Sri Lanka faces many challenges caused by flood frequently. The main objective of this study is to analyze the spatial and seasonal pattern of the flood occurrences in the Northern</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36617579" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b22a26c868d7c2e00c28d9809370a9e3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56547566,"asset_id":36617579,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56547566/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="81698359" href="https://eastern.academia.edu/KandiahRajendram">Kandiah Rajendram</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="81698359" type="text/json">{"id":81698359,"first_name":"Kandiah","last_name":"Rajendram","domain_name":"eastern","page_name":"KandiahRajendram","display_name":"Kandiah Rajendram","profile_url":"https://eastern.academia.edu/KandiahRajendram?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/81698359/55074204/43241101/s65_kandiah.rajendram.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36617579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36617579"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36617579, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36617579", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36617579]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36617579").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36617579").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36617579"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2442" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Science">Atmospheric Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2442" type="text/json">{"id":2442,"name":"Atmospheric Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Science?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3754" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatology">Climatology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3754" type="text/json">{"id":3754,"name":"Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3755" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meteorology">Meteorology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3755" type="text/json">{"id":3755,"name":"Meteorology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meteorology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36617579]'), work: {"id":36617579,"title":"Journal of South Asian Studies OCCURRENCES OF FLOOD HAZARDS IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF SRI LANKA","created_at":"2018-05-12T10:06:33.338-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36617579/Journal_of_South_Asian_Studies_OCCURRENCES_OF_FLOOD_HAZARDS_IN_THE_NORTHERN_REGION_OF_SRI_LANKA?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_36617579","summary":"A B S T R A C T According to the report of the disaster management center, during the last forty years from 1974 to 2014, country faced flood impact several times (48.5%). Every year at least one of the areas of Sri Lanka faces flood impact due to heavy rainfall. Northern Province of Sri Lanka faces many challenges caused by flood frequently. 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En ese contexto se formulo una politica publica nacional al respecto, donde el Programa Nacional contra la Sequia (Pronacose) se constituyo en el eje rector. Los fundamentos de este programa —prevencion y mitigacion— constituyen las bases sobre las cuales se busca mejorar la gestion versus las sequias y fortalecer las capacidades locales para afrontar sus impactos con estrategias adecuadas. Este esfuerzo de la administracion publica federal se inserta, aporta y retroalimenta a los esfuerzos internacionales que la Organizacion Meteorologica Mundial, Convencion contra la Desertificacion de Naciones Unidas, Fondo Mundial para la Alimentacion, Global Water Partnership y otros organismos de ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74906604" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b73c5839fc2b40b843c6ad3f459f6309" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82890725,"asset_id":74906604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82890725/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33265329" href="https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtegaGaucin">David Ortega-Gaucin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33265329" type="text/json">{"id":33265329,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ortega-Gaucin","domain_name":"imta","page_name":"DavidOrtegaGaucin","display_name":"David Ortega-Gaucin","profile_url":"https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtegaGaucin?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74906604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74906604"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74906604, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74906604", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74906604]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74906604").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74906604").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74906604"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1032186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts">Drought Impacts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1032186" type="text/json">{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1637162" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Policy">Drought Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1637162" type="text/json">{"id":1637162,"name":"Drought Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Policy?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74906604]'), work: {"id":74906604,"title":"La política pública contra la sequía en México: avances, necesidades y perspectivas","created_at":"2022-03-29T12:02:27.461-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74906604/La_pol%C3%ADtica_p%C3%BAblica_contra_la_sequ%C3%ADa_en_M%C3%A9xico_avances_necesidades_y_perspectivas?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_74906604","summary":"Se presentan las acciones que se generaron a partir de la sequia del periodo 2010-2012 en Mexico, la cual fue el detonador para un cambio paradigmatico en la manera de atender este fenomeno, al pasar de la reaccion frente a las emergencias hacia un modelo preventivo orientado a la gestion del riesgo. En ese contexto se formulo una politica publica nacional al respecto, donde el Programa Nacional contra la Sequia (Pronacose) se constituyo en el eje rector. Los fundamentos de este programa —prevencion y mitigacion— constituyen las bases sobre las cuales se busca mejorar la gestion versus las sequias y fortalecer las capacidades locales para afrontar sus impactos con estrategias adecuadas. Este esfuerzo de la administracion publica federal se inserta, aporta y retroalimenta a los esfuerzos internacionales que la Organizacion Meteorologica Mundial, Convencion contra la Desertificacion de Naciones Unidas, Fondo Mundial para la Alimentacion, Global Water Partnership y otros organismos de ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82890725,"asset_id":74906604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33265329,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ortega-Gaucin","domain_name":"imta","page_name":"DavidOrtegaGaucin","display_name":"David Ortega-Gaucin","profile_url":"https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtegaGaucin?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1637162,"name":"Drought Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Policy?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37320669" data-work_id="37320669" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37320669/GIS_modelling_and_use_trends_impact_of_drought_in_the_Naghamish_Basin_North_Western_Egypt">GIS-modelling and-use trends: impact of drought in the Naghamish Basin (North Western Egypt</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The basic features of the Naghamish Basin and agro-ecosystem in the North West Coastal Zone of Egypt (climate, soils and vegetation cover) are mapped to analyse the wear and tear of physical components of the environment of three tribes '... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37320669" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The basic features of the Naghamish Basin and agro-ecosystem in the North West Coastal Zone of Egypt (climate, soils and vegetation cover) are mapped to analyse the wear and tear of physical components of the environment of three tribes ' territories between 2006 and 2011 when a dry spell struck. Our land use mapping and results using RS and GIS indicate considerable and quick changes in the agricultural and biotic components in spite of an inter-annual long-term the following drought (1996-2011) perceived by the farmer and Bedouin communities is real and connrmed by our land cover mapping changes of the Nagamish watershed. The communities are correct in their perception of the drought and are deeply aaected in their economy and social life.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37320669" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38286ccc685b9b5b61f0be59b669ad86" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57277729,"asset_id":37320669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57277729/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6722766" href="https://wwwunistra.academia.edu/GusGintzburger">Gus Gintzburger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6722766" type="text/json">{"id":6722766,"first_name":"Gus","last_name":"Gintzburger","domain_name":"wwwunistra","page_name":"GusGintzburger","display_name":"Gus Gintzburger","profile_url":"https://wwwunistra.academia.edu/GusGintzburger?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6722766/2936951/3438293/s65_gus.gintzburger.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37320669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37320669"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37320669, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37320669", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37320669]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37320669").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37320669").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37320669"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3754" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatology">Climatology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3754" type="text/json">{"id":3754,"name":"Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12537" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt">Egypt</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12537" type="text/json">{"id":12537,"name":"Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37320669]'), work: {"id":37320669,"title":"GIS-modelling and-use trends: impact of drought in the Naghamish Basin (North Western Egypt","created_at":"2018-08-31T03:02:29.927-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37320669/GIS_modelling_and_use_trends_impact_of_drought_in_the_Naghamish_Basin_North_Western_Egypt?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_37320669","summary":"The basic features of the Naghamish Basin and agro-ecosystem in the North West Coastal Zone of Egypt (climate, soils and vegetation cover) are mapped to analyse the wear and tear of physical components of the environment of three tribes ' territories between 2006 and 2011 when a dry spell struck. Our land use mapping and results using RS and GIS indicate considerable and quick changes in the agricultural and biotic components in spite of an inter-annual long-term the following drought (1996-2011) perceived by the farmer and Bedouin communities is real and connrmed by our land cover mapping changes of the Nagamish watershed. The communities are correct in their perception of the drought and are deeply aaected in their economy and social life.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57277729,"asset_id":37320669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6722766,"first_name":"Gus","last_name":"Gintzburger","domain_name":"wwwunistra","page_name":"GusGintzburger","display_name":"Gus Gintzburger","profile_url":"https://wwwunistra.academia.edu/GusGintzburger?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6722766/2936951/3438293/s65_gus.gintzburger.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":3754,"name":"Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":12537,"name":"Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":136095,"name":"Bedouins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bedouins?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74953377" data-work_id="74953377" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74953377/Late_Holocene_forest_contraction_and_fragmentation_in_central_Africa">Late Holocene forest contraction and fragmentation in central Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During the warmer Holocene Period, two major climatic crises affected the Central African rainforests. The first crisis, around 4000 cal yr BP, caused the contraction of the forest in favor of savanna expansion at its northern and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74953377" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During the warmer Holocene Period, two major climatic crises affected the Central African rainforests. The first crisis, around 4000 cal yr BP, caused the contraction of the forest in favor of savanna expansion at its northern and southern periphery. The second crisis, around 2500 cal yr BP, resulted in major perturbation at the forest core, leading to forest disturbance and fragmentation with a rapid expansion of pioneer-type vegetation, and a marked erosional phase. The major driver of these two climatic crises appears to be rapid sea-surface temperature variations in the equatorial eastern Atlantic, which modified the regional atmospheric circulation. The change between ca. 2500 to 2000 cal yr BP led to a large increase in thunderstorm activity, which explains the phase of forest fragmentation. Ultimately, climatic data obtained recently show that the present-day major rise in thunderstorms and lightning activity in Central Africa could result from some kind of solar influence, a...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74953377" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4455af9734e1b650a40c20973e9dfa5c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82919084,"asset_id":74953377,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82919084/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34429040" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexChepstowLusty">Alex Chepstow-Lusty</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34429040" type="text/json">{"id":34429040,"first_name":"Alex","last_name":"Chepstow-Lusty","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexChepstowLusty","display_name":"Alex Chepstow-Lusty","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexChepstowLusty?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34429040/17922267/17936488/s65_alex.chepstow-lusty.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74953377 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74953377"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74953377, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74953377", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74953377]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74953377").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74953377").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74953377"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="292" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoclimatology">Palaeoclimatology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="292" type="text/json">{"id":292,"name":"Palaeoclimatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoclimatology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74953377]'), work: {"id":74953377,"title":"Late Holocene forest contraction and fragmentation in central Africa","created_at":"2022-03-30T02:01:45.054-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74953377/Late_Holocene_forest_contraction_and_fragmentation_in_central_Africa?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_74953377","summary":"During the warmer Holocene Period, two major climatic crises affected the Central African rainforests. The first crisis, around 4000 cal yr BP, caused the contraction of the forest in favor of savanna expansion at its northern and southern periphery. The second crisis, around 2500 cal yr BP, resulted in major perturbation at the forest core, leading to forest disturbance and fragmentation with a rapid expansion of pioneer-type vegetation, and a marked erosional phase. The major driver of these two climatic crises appears to be rapid sea-surface temperature variations in the equatorial eastern Atlantic, which modified the regional atmospheric circulation. The change between ca. 2500 to 2000 cal yr BP led to a large increase in thunderstorm activity, which explains the phase of forest fragmentation. Ultimately, climatic data obtained recently show that the present-day major rise in thunderstorms and lightning activity in Central Africa could result from some kind of solar influence, a...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82919084,"asset_id":74953377,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34429040,"first_name":"Alex","last_name":"Chepstow-Lusty","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexChepstowLusty","display_name":"Alex Chepstow-Lusty","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexChepstowLusty?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34429040/17922267/17936488/s65_alex.chepstow-lusty.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":292,"name":"Palaeoclimatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoclimatology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":3255,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":3707,"name":"Climate change policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_change_policy?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":17472,"name":"Palaeoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoecology?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":17829,"name":"Forest Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":21373,"name":"Central Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Africa?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":35587,"name":"Quaternary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quaternary?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":35801,"name":"Climate Change Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":78005,"name":"Tropical Forest Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Forest_Ecology?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":191026,"name":"Climate Change and Food Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_and_Food_Security?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":211168,"name":"Pollen analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pollen_analysis?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":508101,"name":"Climate Change in Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_in_Developing_Countries?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":599635,"name":"Cambridge University","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambridge_University?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43870005 coauthored" data-work_id="43870005" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43870005/External_Independent_Evaluation_USHA_MISHRA_HAYES_In_collaboration_with_VEACESLAV_ZAHARIA_RELIEF_AND_TECHNICAL_ASSISTANCE_TO_THE_DROUGHT_CRISIS_IN_MOLDOVA">External Independent Evaluation USHA MISHRA HAYES In collaboration with VEACESLAV ZAHARIA [RELIEF AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO THE DROUGHT CRISIS IN MOLDOVA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The joint UN response brought together best practices from the theory and practice of humanitarian assistance and presents credible evidence that one UN is more effective than several UN agencies, underscoring the critical role that an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43870005" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The joint UN response brought together best practices from the theory and practice of humanitarian assistance and presents credible evidence that one UN is more effective than several UN agencies, underscoring the critical role that an effective RC's office can play. The evaluation examines the successes and challenges of this response and concludes that a humanitarian response is highly cost effective as its economic impacts are multiplied many fold. As a corollary, lack of a timely, adequate relief exerts huge economic burden on the present and future of the community. 2</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43870005" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="933e62b0b8e97b4dca2f6dc6bc9c127a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64193497,"asset_id":43870005,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64193497/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57051206" href="https://independent.academia.edu/UHayes">Usha Mishra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57051206" type="text/json">{"id":57051206,"first_name":"Usha","last_name":"Mishra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"UHayes","display_name":"Usha Mishra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/UHayes?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57051206/14984982/35999523/s65_usha.mishra.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43870005">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43870005"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/VeaceslavZaharia">Veaceslav Zaharia</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43870005'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43870005').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43870005 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43870005"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43870005, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43870005", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43870005 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43870005; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43870005"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43870005 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43870005"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43870005; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43870005]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43870005").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43870005").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43870005"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8910" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation">Evaluation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8910" type="text/json">{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37597" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moldova">Moldova</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37597" type="text/json">{"id":37597,"name":"Moldova","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moldova?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38360" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Security">Food Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38360" type="text/json">{"id":38360,"name":"Food Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Security?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="183540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanitarian_Assistance_and_Disaster_Relief">Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="183540" type="text/json">{"id":183540,"name":"Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanitarian_Assistance_and_Disaster_Relief?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43870005]'), work: {"id":43870005,"title":"External Independent Evaluation USHA MISHRA HAYES In collaboration with VEACESLAV ZAHARIA [RELIEF AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO THE DROUGHT CRISIS IN MOLDOVA","created_at":"2020-08-16T06:14:32.937-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43870005/External_Independent_Evaluation_USHA_MISHRA_HAYES_In_collaboration_with_VEACESLAV_ZAHARIA_RELIEF_AND_TECHNICAL_ASSISTANCE_TO_THE_DROUGHT_CRISIS_IN_MOLDOVA?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_43870005","summary":"The joint UN response brought together best practices from the theory and practice of humanitarian assistance and presents credible evidence that one UN is more effective than several UN agencies, underscoring the critical role that an effective RC's office can play. The evaluation examines the successes and challenges of this response and concludes that a humanitarian response is highly cost effective as its economic impacts are multiplied many fold. As a corollary, lack of a timely, adequate relief exerts huge economic burden on the present and future of the community. 2","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64193497,"asset_id":43870005,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57051206,"first_name":"Usha","last_name":"Mishra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"UHayes","display_name":"Usha Mishra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/UHayes?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57051206/14984982/35999523/s65_usha.mishra.jpg"},{"id":168093169,"first_name":"Veaceslav","last_name":"Zaharia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VeaceslavZaharia","display_name":"Veaceslav Zaharia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VeaceslavZaharia?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":37597,"name":"Moldova","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moldova?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":38360,"name":"Food Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Security?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":183540,"name":"Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanitarian_Assistance_and_Disaster_Relief?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28730099 coauthored" data-work_id="28730099" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28730099/La_pol%C3%ADtica_p%C3%BAblica_contra_la_sequ%C3%ADa_en_M%C3%A9xico_avances_necesidades_y_perspectivas">La política pública contra la sequía en México: avances, necesidades y perspectivas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Se presentan las acciones que se generaron a partir de la sequía del periodo 2010-2012 en México, la cual fue el detonador para un cambio paradigmático en la manera de atender este fenómeno, al pasar de la reacción frente a las... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28730099" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Se presentan las acciones que se generaron a partir de la sequía del periodo 2010-2012 en México, la cual fue el detonador para un cambio paradigmático en la manera de atender este fenómeno, al pasar de la reacción frente a las emergencias hacia un modelo preventivo orientado a la gestión del riesgo. En ese contexto se formuló una política pública nacional al respecto, donde el Programa Nacional contra la Sequía (Pronacose) se constituyó en el eje rector. Los fundamentos de este programa —prevención y mitigación—constituyen las bases sobre las cuales se busca mejorar la gestión versus las sequías y fortalecer las capacidades locales para afrontar sus impactos con estrategias adecuadas. Este esfuerzo de la administración pública federal se inserta,<br />aporta y retroalimenta a los esfuerzos internacionales que la Organización Meteorológica Mundial, Convención contra la Desertificación de Naciones Unidas, Fondo Mundial para la Alimentación, Global Water Partnership y otros organismos de escala mundial han emprendido para fomentar la generación y el fortalecimiento de políticas<br />nacionales para atender la sequía. Se discuten algunas líneas de acción emprendidas en esta política pública, y se señalan varios elementos que aún no se han implementado o es incipiente su realización.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28730099" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="da3d440ff4b15ecaa34075946edffc83" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49139200,"asset_id":28730099,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49139200/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51370304" href="https://unam.academia.edu/FelipeIArregu%C3%ADnCort%C3%A9s">Felipe I. Arreguín Cortés</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51370304" type="text/json">{"id":51370304,"first_name":"Felipe I. Arreguín","last_name":"Cortés","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"FelipeIArreguínCortés","display_name":"Felipe I. Arreguín Cortés","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/FelipeIArregu%C3%ADnCort%C3%A9s?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-28730099">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-28730099"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/P%C3%A9rezMarioL%C3%B3pez">Mario López Pérez</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtega">David Ortega-Gaucin</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtegaGaucin">David Ortega-Gaucin</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-28730099'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-28730099').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28730099 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28730099"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28730099; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28730099]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28730099").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28730099").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28730099"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1032186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts">Drought Impacts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1032186" type="text/json">{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1637162" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Policy">Drought Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1637162" type="text/json">{"id":1637162,"name":"Drought Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Policy?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28730099]'), work: {"id":28730099,"title":"La política pública contra la sequía en México: avances, necesidades y perspectivas","created_at":"2016-09-26T15:35:15.474-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28730099/La_pol%C3%ADtica_p%C3%BAblica_contra_la_sequ%C3%ADa_en_M%C3%A9xico_avances_necesidades_y_perspectivas?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_28730099","summary":"Se presentan las acciones que se generaron a partir de la sequía del periodo 2010-2012 en México, la cual fue el detonador para un cambio paradigmático en la manera de atender este fenómeno, al pasar de la reacción frente a las emergencias hacia un modelo preventivo orientado a la gestión del riesgo. En ese contexto se formuló una política pública nacional al respecto, donde el Programa Nacional contra la Sequía (Pronacose) se constituyó en el eje rector. Los fundamentos de este programa —prevención y mitigación—constituyen las bases sobre las cuales se busca mejorar la gestión versus las sequías y fortalecer las capacidades locales para afrontar sus impactos con estrategias adecuadas. Este esfuerzo de la administración pública federal se inserta,\naporta y retroalimenta a los esfuerzos internacionales que la Organización Meteorológica Mundial, Convención contra la Desertificación de Naciones Unidas, Fondo Mundial para la Alimentación, Global Water Partnership y otros organismos de escala mundial han emprendido para fomentar la generación y el fortalecimiento de políticas\nnacionales para atender la sequía. Se discuten algunas líneas de acción emprendidas en esta política pública, y se señalan varios elementos que aún no se han implementado o es incipiente su realización.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49139200,"asset_id":28730099,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51370304,"first_name":"Felipe I. Arreguín","last_name":"Cortés","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"FelipeIArreguínCortés","display_name":"Felipe I. Arreguín Cortés","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/FelipeIArregu%C3%ADnCort%C3%A9s?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":51361123,"first_name":"Mario López","last_name":"Pérez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PérezMarioLópez","display_name":"Mario López Pérez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/P%C3%A9rezMarioL%C3%B3pez?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":14865281,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ortega-Gaucin","domain_name":"imta","page_name":"DavidOrtega","display_name":"David Ortega-Gaucin","profile_url":"https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtega?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14865281/9843077/10970350/s65_david.ortega.jpg"},{"id":33265329,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ortega-Gaucin","domain_name":"imta","page_name":"DavidOrtegaGaucin","display_name":"David Ortega-Gaucin","profile_url":"https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtegaGaucin?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1637162,"name":"Drought Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Policy?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28177431" data-work_id="28177431" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28177431/Environmental_Disasters_in_Mamluk_Egypt_and_Syria_October_10_11_2016_WORKSHOP_at_the_Annemarie_Schimmel_Kolleg_of_Bonn_University">Environmental Disasters in Mamluk Egypt and Syria October 10-11 2016 WORKSHOP at the Annemarie Schimmel Kolleg of Bonn University</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Environmental disasters in the pre-modern Middle East were replete in occurrence and rife with consequence. From the awful mortalities of the Black Death to the visitations of cold and desiccation in the little Ice Age, all manner of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28177431" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Environmental disasters in the pre-modern Middle East were replete in occurrence and rife with consequence. From the awful mortalities of the Black Death to the visitations of cold and desiccation in the little Ice Age, all manner of tragedies struck the inhabitants of this part of the world, leaving scarcely a single generation untouched by major calamity. Disasters brought suffering and left memories of their trauma, passed along in narratives that color the historical chronicles. But disasters also brought change – for good or for ill-some of it profound and long-term in nature. Scholars of the Middle East have only recently become aware of how closely environmental disasters are tied in to long-term historical change. Furthermore, these same disasters tell us a great deal about these changes themselves. Disasters open for us windows of perception, through which we can see with awestruck clarity. It is in this light that we can at times see causation and consequence via interpretive examination of centuries' old tragedies. This workshop will foster research into the history of these environmental disasters in the Middle East, focusing on Mamluk Egypt and Syria, 1250 to 1517 CE. There is much ground to cover and fertile terrain for innovative research. While Mamluk Egypt is recognized for its wealth of sources for environmental disaster, it is becoming increasingly clear that the body of evidence for Mamluk Syria is even richer – and much of this wholly untilled. 1 This workshop hopes to 1 As example: the rather astonishing body of statistical evidence for the Black Death's mortality in Damascus and Aleppo.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28177431" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a6993186eef5f54780480a842949079d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48489371,"asset_id":28177431,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48489371/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2276809" href="https://assumption.academia.edu/StuartBorsch">Stuart Borsch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2276809" type="text/json">{"id":2276809,"first_name":"Stuart","last_name":"Borsch","domain_name":"assumption","page_name":"StuartBorsch","display_name":"Stuart Borsch","profile_url":"https://assumption.academia.edu/StuartBorsch?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2276809/724161/30929757/s65_stuart.borsch.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28177431 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28177431"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28177431, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28177431", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28177431]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28177431").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28177431").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28177431"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">32</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2603" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History">Middle East History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2603" type="text/json">{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28177431]'), work: {"id":28177431,"title":"Environmental Disasters in Mamluk Egypt and Syria October 10-11 2016 WORKSHOP at the Annemarie Schimmel Kolleg of Bonn University","created_at":"2016-09-01T07:17:19.543-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28177431/Environmental_Disasters_in_Mamluk_Egypt_and_Syria_October_10_11_2016_WORKSHOP_at_the_Annemarie_Schimmel_Kolleg_of_Bonn_University?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_28177431","summary":"Environmental disasters in the pre-modern Middle East were replete in occurrence and rife with consequence. From the awful mortalities of the Black Death to the visitations of cold and desiccation in the little Ice Age, all manner of tragedies struck the inhabitants of this part of the world, leaving scarcely a single generation untouched by major calamity. Disasters brought suffering and left memories of their trauma, passed along in narratives that color the historical chronicles. But disasters also brought change – for good or for ill-some of it profound and long-term in nature. Scholars of the Middle East have only recently become aware of how closely environmental disasters are tied in to long-term historical change. Furthermore, these same disasters tell us a great deal about these changes themselves. Disasters open for us windows of perception, through which we can see with awestruck clarity. It is in this light that we can at times see causation and consequence via interpretive examination of centuries' old tragedies. This workshop will foster research into the history of these environmental disasters in the Middle East, focusing on Mamluk Egypt and Syria, 1250 to 1517 CE. There is much ground to cover and fertile terrain for innovative research. While Mamluk Egypt is recognized for its wealth of sources for environmental disaster, it is becoming increasingly clear that the body of evidence for Mamluk Syria is even richer – and much of this wholly untilled. 1 This workshop hopes to 1 As example: the rather astonishing body of statistical evidence for the Black Death's mortality in Damascus and Aleppo.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48489371,"asset_id":28177431,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2276809,"first_name":"Stuart","last_name":"Borsch","domain_name":"assumption","page_name":"StuartBorsch","display_name":"Stuart Borsch","profile_url":"https://assumption.academia.edu/StuartBorsch?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2276809/724161/30929757/s65_stuart.borsch.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate 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Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50260358" data-work_id="50260358" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50260358/Analysis_of_Agricultural_Droughts_Severity_and_Impacts_in_Erbil_Province_the_Iraqi_Kurdistan_Region_based_on_Time_Series_NDVI_and_TCI_Indices_for_1998_through_2017">Analysis of Agricultural Drought's Severity and Impacts in Erbil Province, the Iraqi Kurdistan Region based on Time Series NDVI and TCI Indices for 1998 through 2017</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Iraq, including Erbil Province in the Kurdistan region, has severely suffered drought events in the past, particularly during the last two decades. This study incorporated Geoinformation technology into assessing and monitoring drought's... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50260358" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Iraq, including Erbil Province in the Kurdistan region, has severely suffered drought events in the past, particularly during the last two decades. This study incorporated Geoinformation technology into assessing and monitoring drought's severity and impacts that affected Erbil province in a span from 1998 to 2017. Twenty mosaics of two Landsat scenes for 20 years have accomplished for this study. Two spectral drought indices, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Temperature Condition Index (TCI), were extracted using 20 Landsat images mosaics to assess the drought's severity and impacts. Statistical correlation analyses computed between the NDVI, TCI, and the study variables, such as climatic factors, field crop area, and field crop yield. The study findings clarified that Erbil province experienced severe to extreme severe agricultural droughts, which caused significant reductions in crop yields,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50260358" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a28e7e4ca3a5ab056488fbd6118ec24a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68312910,"asset_id":50260358,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68312910/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2431914" href="https://ishikuniversity.academia.edu/alquraishiamf">Ayad M. Fadhil Al-Quraishi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2431914" type="text/json">{"id":2431914,"first_name":"Ayad M. Fadhil","last_name":"Al-Quraishi","domain_name":"ishikuniversity","page_name":"alquraishiamf","display_name":"Ayad M. Fadhil Al-Quraishi","profile_url":"https://ishikuniversity.academia.edu/alquraishiamf?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2431914/1016268/49641194/s65_ayad_m._fadhil.al-quraishi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50260358 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50260358"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50260358, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50260358", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50260358 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50260358; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50260358"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50260358 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50260358"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50260358; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50260358]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50260358").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50260358").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50260358"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1252" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing">Remote Sensing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1252" type="text/json">{"id":1252,"name":"Remote Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1009312" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_">Geographic Information Systems (GIS)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1009312" type="text/json">{"id":1009312,"name":"Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1032186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts">Drought Impacts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1032186" type="text/json">{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1985463" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erbil">Erbil</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1985463" type="text/json">{"id":1985463,"name":"Erbil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erbil?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50260358]'), work: {"id":50260358,"title":"Analysis of Agricultural Drought's Severity and Impacts in Erbil Province, the Iraqi Kurdistan Region based on Time Series NDVI and TCI Indices for 1998 through 2017","created_at":"2021-07-26T02:07:05.768-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50260358/Analysis_of_Agricultural_Droughts_Severity_and_Impacts_in_Erbil_Province_the_Iraqi_Kurdistan_Region_based_on_Time_Series_NDVI_and_TCI_Indices_for_1998_through_2017?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_50260358","summary":"Iraq, including Erbil Province in the Kurdistan region, has severely suffered drought events in the past, particularly during the last two decades. This study incorporated Geoinformation technology into assessing and monitoring drought's severity and impacts that affected Erbil province in a span from 1998 to 2017. Twenty mosaics of two Landsat scenes for 20 years have accomplished for this study. Two spectral drought indices, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Temperature Condition Index (TCI), were extracted using 20 Landsat images mosaics to assess the drought's severity and impacts. Statistical correlation analyses computed between the NDVI, TCI, and the study variables, such as climatic factors, field crop area, and field crop yield. The study findings clarified that Erbil province experienced severe to extreme severe agricultural droughts, which caused significant reductions in crop yields,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68312910,"asset_id":50260358,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2431914,"first_name":"Ayad M. Fadhil","last_name":"Al-Quraishi","domain_name":"ishikuniversity","page_name":"alquraishiamf","display_name":"Ayad M. Fadhil Al-Quraishi","profile_url":"https://ishikuniversity.academia.edu/alquraishiamf?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2431914/1016268/49641194/s65_ayad_m._fadhil.al-quraishi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1252,"name":"Remote Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1009312,"name":"Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1985463,"name":"Erbil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erbil?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49342076" data-work_id="49342076" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49342076/IRRIGATION_SCHEDULING_OF_MAIZE_GROWN_ON_A_VERTISOL_SOIL_UNDER_CHANGING_CLIMATE_OF_SOFIA_S_FIELD">IRRIGATION SCHEDULING OF MAIZE GROWN ON A VERTISOL SOIL UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE OF SOFIA’S FIELD</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of climate uncertainties on maize irrigation requirements, grown on a Vertisol soil, Sofia’s field, Bulgaria. Through the validated WinIsareg model, four irrigation scheduling... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49342076" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of climate uncertainties on maize irrigation requirements, grown on a Vertisol<br />soil, Sofia’s field, Bulgaria. Through the validated WinIsareg model, four irrigation scheduling alternatives are simulated for the<br />years of “very high“, “high“ and “average“ irrigation demands of past (1952–1984) and present (1970–2004) climate. Adaptation<br />of irrigation scheduling to the present climate conditions during the “very dry“ years (PI ≤12%) consists of an extension of the<br />irrigation season by 15–20 days and a need of additional irrigation relative to alternative 1 and two irrigation events at alternatives<br />2 and 3. During the past climate alternatives 2 and 3 led to savings of 30 mm of water, while up to the current climate conditions<br />the three irrigations alternatives should provide 360 mm of irrigation water. To obtain maximum yields in “dry“ (PI = 12–30%) years,<br />irrigation season should end by 05/09, as in the present climate, irrigation season has shifted about a week earlier for the three<br />alternatives. In the “average“ (PI = 30–60%) years the adaptation consist in accurately determination of the last allowed date for<br />irrigation.<br />Keywords: irrigation scheduling, maize, climate change, water management, yield</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49342076" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="45c0c21922dbf9802cf73263186a53b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67715887,"asset_id":49342076,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67715887/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="147604622" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MariaIvanova139">Maria Ivanova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="147604622" type="text/json">{"id":147604622,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Ivanova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MariaIvanova139","display_name":"Maria Ivanova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MariaIvanova139?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/147604622/49904339/37894675/s65_maria.ivanova.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49342076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49342076"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49342076, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49342076", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49342076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49342076; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49342076"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49342076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49342076"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49342076; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49342076]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49342076").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49342076").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49342076"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation">Irrigation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3724" type="text/json">{"id":3724,"name":"Irrigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34760" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation_water_Management">Irrigation water Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34760" type="text/json">{"id":34760,"name":"Irrigation water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation_water_Management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="115677" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_and_Water_Stress">Drought and Water Stress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="115677" type="text/json">{"id":115677,"name":"Drought and Water Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_and_Water_Stress?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130030" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation_scheduling_of_different_crop_by_automated_drip_irrigation_system_by_using_low_cost_sensor">Irrigation scheduling of different crop by automated drip irrigation system by using low cost sensor</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="130030" type="text/json">{"id":130030,"name":"Irrigation scheduling of different crop by automated drip irrigation system by using low cost sensor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation_scheduling_of_different_crop_by_automated_drip_irrigation_system_by_using_low_cost_sensor?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49342076]'), work: {"id":49342076,"title":"IRRIGATION SCHEDULING OF MAIZE GROWN ON A VERTISOL SOIL UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE OF SOFIA’S FIELD","created_at":"2021-06-22T12:30:10.552-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49342076/IRRIGATION_SCHEDULING_OF_MAIZE_GROWN_ON_A_VERTISOL_SOIL_UNDER_CHANGING_CLIMATE_OF_SOFIA_S_FIELD?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_49342076","summary":"The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of climate uncertainties on maize irrigation requirements, grown on a Vertisol\nsoil, Sofia’s field, Bulgaria. Through the validated WinIsareg model, four irrigation scheduling alternatives are simulated for the\nyears of “very high“, “high“ and “average“ irrigation demands of past (1952–1984) and present (1970–2004) climate. Adaptation\nof irrigation scheduling to the present climate conditions during the “very dry“ years (PI ≤12%) consists of an extension of the\nirrigation season by 15–20 days and a need of additional irrigation relative to alternative 1 and two irrigation events at alternatives\n2 and 3. During the past climate alternatives 2 and 3 led to savings of 30 mm of water, while up to the current climate conditions\nthe three irrigations alternatives should provide 360 mm of irrigation water. To obtain maximum yields in “dry“ (PI = 12–30%) years,\nirrigation season should end by 05/09, as in the present climate, irrigation season has shifted about a week earlier for the three\nalternatives. In the “average“ (PI = 30–60%) years the adaptation consist in accurately determination of the last allowed date for\nirrigation.\nKeywords: irrigation scheduling, maize, climate change, water management, yield","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67715887,"asset_id":49342076,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":147604622,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Ivanova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MariaIvanova139","display_name":"Maria Ivanova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MariaIvanova139?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/147604622/49904339/37894675/s65_maria.ivanova.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3724,"name":"Irrigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":34760,"name":"Irrigation water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation_water_Management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":115677,"name":"Drought and Water Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_and_Water_Stress?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":130030,"name":"Irrigation scheduling of different crop by automated drip irrigation system by using low cost sensor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation_scheduling_of_different_crop_by_automated_drip_irrigation_system_by_using_low_cost_sensor?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":195247,"name":"Drought Prediction technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Prediction_technologies?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":660225,"name":"Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_Water_Requirements_and_Irrigation_Scheduling?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":962698,"name":"Simulation of Deficit Irrigation on Crops Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation_of_Deficit_Irrigation_on_Crops_Production?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44494379" data-work_id="44494379" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44494379/Physical_and_Hydro_Physical_Characteristics_of_Soil_in_the_Context_of_Climate_Change_A_Case_Study_in_Danube_River_Basin_SE_Romania">Physical and Hydro-Physical Characteristics of Soil in the Context of Climate Change. A Case Study in Danube River Basin, SE Romania</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The intensification of climate change has led to the degradation of thousands of arable lands through desertification and extreme weather events. The Danube River basin in the Galati-Braila region, SE Romania, is a transboundary area of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44494379" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The intensification of climate change has led to the degradation of thousands of arable lands through desertification and extreme weather events. The Danube River basin in the Galati-Braila region, SE Romania, is a transboundary area of community and international importance, increasingly affected by drought, water, and wind erosion. Consequently, the aim of this study is to evaluate the main physical and hydro-physical parameters of soils, implied in water storage and with a defining role in erosion intensity, nutrients and toxicants cycle and availability, and crops yield. Soil samples were collected both in the disturbed and undisturbed state, from Smardan, Sendreni, and Vadeni agricultural lands and riparian areas of semiaquatic ecosystems, located in the vicinity of the steel platform of the Galati industrial area. Specific laboratory methods of investigation and formulas were used. Chernozems (CZ), Fluvisols (AS), and Gleysols (GS) of different subtypes and various physico-chemical parameters were identified. The results suggested that CZ are of coarse and medium texture, while AS and GS are medium-fine and fine textured. In correlation with this, bulk density values range from extremely low-low to low-high classes. In relation to soil physical parameters and the content of organic matter, hydro-physical indices show water supply imbalances. Through the approached theme, the study is of practical importance for sustainable management of the soil, agricultural projects, and landscaping. This study provides government authorities and non-governmental organizations an overview of the local and regional soil conditions, so that new measures can be regulated to protect it against irrational use.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44494379" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ae3380ebea1703bd3c9a60d1454cb6eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64928290,"asset_id":44494379,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64928290/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37565600" href="https://ugal.academia.edu/AntoanetaEne">Antoaneta Ene</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37565600" type="text/json">{"id":37565600,"first_name":"Antoaneta","last_name":"Ene","domain_name":"ugal","page_name":"AntoanetaEne","display_name":"Antoaneta Ene","profile_url":"https://ugal.academia.edu/AntoanetaEne?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37565600/29789478/27680005/s65_antoaneta.ene.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44494379 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44494379"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44494379, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44494379", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44494379]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44494379").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44494379").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44494379"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19614" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agroecosystems">Agroecosystems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19614" type="text/json">{"id":19614,"name":"Agroecosystems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agroecosystems?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35801" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Impacts">Climate Change Impacts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35801" type="text/json">{"id":35801,"name":"Climate Change Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80437" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Danube">Lower Danube</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="80437" type="text/json">{"id":80437,"name":"Lower Danube","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Danube?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1032186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts">Drought Impacts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1032186" type="text/json">{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44494379]'), work: {"id":44494379,"title":"Physical and Hydro-Physical Characteristics of Soil in the Context of Climate Change. A Case Study in Danube River Basin, SE Romania","created_at":"2020-11-13T10:03:11.594-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44494379/Physical_and_Hydro_Physical_Characteristics_of_Soil_in_the_Context_of_Climate_Change_A_Case_Study_in_Danube_River_Basin_SE_Romania?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_44494379","summary":"The intensification of climate change has led to the degradation of thousands of arable lands through desertification and extreme weather events. The Danube River basin in the Galati-Braila region, SE Romania, is a transboundary area of community and international importance, increasingly affected by drought, water, and wind erosion. Consequently, the aim of this study is to evaluate the main physical and hydro-physical parameters of soils, implied in water storage and with a defining role in erosion intensity, nutrients and toxicants cycle and availability, and crops yield. Soil samples were collected both in the disturbed and undisturbed state, from Smardan, Sendreni, and Vadeni agricultural lands and riparian areas of semiaquatic ecosystems, located in the vicinity of the steel platform of the Galati industrial area. Specific laboratory methods of investigation and formulas were used. Chernozems (CZ), Fluvisols (AS), and Gleysols (GS) of different subtypes and various physico-chemical parameters were identified. The results suggested that CZ are of coarse and medium texture, while AS and GS are medium-fine and fine textured. In correlation with this, bulk density values range from extremely low-low to low-high classes. In relation to soil physical parameters and the content of organic matter, hydro-physical indices show water supply imbalances. Through the approached theme, the study is of practical importance for sustainable management of the soil, agricultural projects, and landscaping. This study provides government authorities and non-governmental organizations an overview of the local and regional soil conditions, so that new measures can be regulated to protect it against irrational use.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64928290,"asset_id":44494379,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37565600,"first_name":"Antoaneta","last_name":"Ene","domain_name":"ugal","page_name":"AntoanetaEne","display_name":"Antoaneta Ene","profile_url":"https://ugal.academia.edu/AntoanetaEne?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37565600/29789478/27680005/s65_antoaneta.ene.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":19614,"name":"Agroecosystems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agroecosystems?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":35801,"name":"Climate Change Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":80437,"name":"Lower Danube","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Danube?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43735488" data-work_id="43735488" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43735488/Solutions_to_Managing_Drought_and_Reducing_Demands">Solutions to Managing Drought and Reducing Demands</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Conserving and saving water during droughts need a special attitude and great attention. Because according to a variety of studies conducted, nowadays our demand and need for water far exceed the amount of water resources available in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43735488" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Conserving and saving water during droughts need a special attitude and great attention. Because according to a variety of studies conducted, nowadays our demand and need for water far exceed the amount of water resources available in different areas. As a result, in order to cope with this crisis, it is necessary to use water-recycling systems, reduce demands, employ optimal equipment for water consumption and use other methods which will be discussed in this study.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43735488" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a9f8c4b766aca18fe151ff8bc01e89df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64045641,"asset_id":43735488,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64045641/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24006386" href="https://aud.academia.edu/KavehOstadAliAskari">Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24006386" type="text/json">{"id":24006386,"first_name":"Kaveh","last_name":"Ostad-Ali-Askari","domain_name":"aud","page_name":"KavehOstadAliAskari","display_name":"Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari","profile_url":"https://aud.academia.edu/KavehOstadAliAskari?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24006386/9871597/162121984/s65_kaveh.ostad-ali-askari.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43735488 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43735488"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43735488, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43735488", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43735488]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43735488").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43735488").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43735488"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6284" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment">Water and wastewater treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6284" type="text/json">{"id":6284,"name":"Water and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43735488]'), work: {"id":43735488,"title":"Solutions to Managing Drought and Reducing Demands","created_at":"2020-07-29T01:13:38.985-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43735488/Solutions_to_Managing_Drought_and_Reducing_Demands?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_43735488","summary":"Conserving and saving water during droughts need a special attitude and great attention. Because according to a variety of studies conducted, nowadays our demand and need for water far exceed the amount of water resources available in different areas. As a result, in order to cope with this crisis, it is necessary to use water-recycling systems, reduce demands, employ optimal equipment for water consumption and use other methods which will be discussed in this study.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64045641,"asset_id":43735488,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24006386,"first_name":"Kaveh","last_name":"Ostad-Ali-Askari","domain_name":"aud","page_name":"KavehOstadAliAskari","display_name":"Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari","profile_url":"https://aud.academia.edu/KavehOstadAliAskari?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24006386/9871597/162121984/s65_kaveh.ostad-ali-askari.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":6284,"name":"Water and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":9991,"name":"Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":20286,"name":"Drought Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Stress?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":21340,"name":"Water Resources engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_engineering?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":74043,"name":"Waste water treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_water_treatment?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":78788,"name":"Plant Drought Tolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Drought_Tolerance?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":115677,"name":"Drought and Water Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_and_Water_Stress?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":149256,"name":"Rice abiotic stress tolerance particularly drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rice_abiotic_stress_tolerance_particularly_drought?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":186792,"name":"Droughts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droughts?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":195247,"name":"Drought Prediction technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Prediction_technologies?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":374307,"name":"Floods and Droughts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Floods_and_Droughts?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":891204,"name":"Drought and desertification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_and_desertification?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032184,"name":"Drought Indicators/indices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Indicators_indices?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38298041" data-work_id="38298041" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38298041/Drought_and_water_shortages_in_Asia_as_a_threat_and_economic_problem">Drought and water shortages in Asia as a threat and economic problem</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Th e paper touches on the economic and political issues connected to water shortages in Asia, including droughts, and the economic consequences of the lack of quality water. Access to water is a global economic and political challenge and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38298041" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Th e paper touches on the economic and political issues connected to<br />water shortages in Asia, including droughts, and the economic consequences of the lack of quality water. Access to water is a global economic and political challenge and it’s predicted to continue to be important issue for many countries because in the coming years we will be seeing rising water demand, on par with demographic growth. Water will become an increasingly valuable resource, especially in Asia. The data presented in the article based on statistics of water sources, total water withdrawal, access to drinking water, water consumption per capita, access to piped water indicate that Asian countries are prone to potential political conflicts caused by the struggle for water. In summary, since in Asia are no systematic evaluations of the negative eff ects of water-related problems for economies there is a need to create more accurate calculations and contingency plans. For this purpose such measures should be introduced in Asian countries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38298041" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6b8de619d4195b988a2dc7733d2bba9e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58345367,"asset_id":38298041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58345367/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5536382" href="https://pan-pl.academia.edu/SergiuszProkurat">Sergiusz Prokurat</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5536382" type="text/json">{"id":5536382,"first_name":"Sergiusz","last_name":"Prokurat","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"SergiuszProkurat","display_name":"Sergiusz Prokurat","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/SergiuszProkurat?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5536382/2426664/2822416/s65_sergiusz.prokurat.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38298041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38298041"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38298041, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38298041", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38298041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38298041; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38298041"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38298041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38298041"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38298041; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38298041]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38298041").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38298041").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38298041"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38298041]'), work: {"id":38298041,"title":"Drought and water shortages in Asia as a threat and economic problem","created_at":"2019-02-06T07:53:36.879-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38298041/Drought_and_water_shortages_in_Asia_as_a_threat_and_economic_problem?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_38298041","summary":"Th e paper touches on the economic and political issues connected to\nwater shortages in Asia, including droughts, and the economic consequences of the lack of quality water. Access to water is a global economic and political challenge and it’s predicted to continue to be important issue for many countries because in the coming years we will be seeing rising water demand, on par with demographic growth. Water will become an increasingly valuable resource, especially in Asia. The data presented in the article based on statistics of water sources, total water withdrawal, access to drinking water, water consumption per capita, access to piped water indicate that Asian countries are prone to potential political conflicts caused by the struggle for water. In summary, since in Asia are no systematic evaluations of the negative eff ects of water-related problems for economies there is a need to create more accurate calculations and contingency plans. For this purpose such measures should be introduced in Asian countries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58345367,"asset_id":38298041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5536382,"first_name":"Sergiusz","last_name":"Prokurat","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"SergiuszProkurat","display_name":"Sergiusz Prokurat","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/SergiuszProkurat?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5536382/2426664/2822416/s65_sergiusz.prokurat.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":24645,"name":"Water Conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Conflicts?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":206359,"name":"Water Resources in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_in_South_Asia?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":218961,"name":"Water scarcity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_scarcity?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":500387,"name":"Water governance and management in Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_governance_and_management_in_Central_Asia?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":562353,"name":"Water Scarcity and Conflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Scarcity_and_Conflict?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":568276,"name":"international water law and China and Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/international_water_law_and_China_and_Asia?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38140150 coauthored" data-work_id="38140150" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38140150/Drought_in_Ethiopia_A_Population_Health_Equity_Approach_to_Build_Resilience_for_the_Agro_Pastoralist_Community">Drought in Ethiopia: A Population Health Equity Approach to Build Resilience for the Agro-Pastoralist Community</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: A devastating drought is ravaging Africa, with Ethiopia being the worst-hit country. Ethiopia’s economy is predominantly reliant on rain-fed farming and livestock. The agriculture sector contributes up to 85% of the country’s... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38140150" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: A devastating drought is ravaging Africa, with Ethiopia being the worst-hit country. Ethiopia’s<br />economy is predominantly reliant on rain-fed farming and livestock. The agriculture sector contributes up to 85%<br />of the country’s livelihoods. The drought has threatened agro-economy and health of over 15 million<br />agro-pastoralist population who herd the largest livestock in Africa. Some governments announced its<br />commitment in the UN to extend support for the drought-affected people. The Sendai framework for Disaster Risk<br />Reduction prioritizes proactive rather than reactive relief response that can promote health resilience. Applying<br />population health matrices can serve the purpose by exploring the determinants of health, their impacts on the<br />differential health outcomes for population sub-groups and to improve the overall health of the population by<br />addressing the health inequity.<br />Objective: This study aims to identify the critical population health outcomes, underlying determinants, and the<br />leverage points for actions that can guide effective policies and interventions for building health resilience for the<br />vulnerable agro-pastoralist population in Ethiopia.<br />Methods: Two researchers searched nine academic and grey literature bibliographic databases for drought<br />literature and related health interventions. We used the PRISMA checklist to synthesize data and Hamilton tools to<br />evaluate individual study quality. We analyzed data employing disaster vulnerability and WHO’s social<br />determinants of health and health equity frameworks. Socioeconomic, political and cultural backgrounds are<br />examined to identify policy and leverage points for effective population health interventions.<br />Results: Health issues are diverse that revolve around the major determinants of health such as food security,<br />infrastructure, health systems, disaster preparedness, household productivity-income, livestock dependence and<br />access to the market economy. These determinants are further affected by socioeconomic, political and cultural<br />contexts. Despite dire vulnerability and health inequity, some potentials evolved from recent public health field<br />practices as the leverage points for policy actions and interventions.<br />Conclusion: The recommended interventions can be implemented through an interdisciplinary population health<br />approach to get the maximum impacts on health resilience. Evidence gathered from the worst drought niche in<br />Africa can be useful to tackle similar droughts induced health issues in other parts of the continent. Future<br />intervention research on the ground can generate robust evidence for action to build health resilience.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38140150" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="265788ea91e6c1295d72b30199d44761" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58171608,"asset_id":38140150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58171608/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="75258899" href="https://ucalgary.academia.edu/SelimKhan">Selim Khan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="75258899" type="text/json">{"id":75258899,"first_name":"Selim","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"ucalgary","page_name":"SelimKhan","display_name":"Selim Khan","profile_url":"https://ucalgary.academia.edu/SelimKhan?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/75258899/21674296/27419723/s65_selim.khan.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38140150">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38140150"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrJamesGomes">Dr. James Gomes</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38140150'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38140150').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38140150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38140150"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38140150, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38140150", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38140150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38140150; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38140150"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38140150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38140150"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38140150; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38140150]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38140150").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38140150").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38140150"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6773" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Interventions">Community Interventions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6773" type="text/json">{"id":6773,"name":"Community Interventions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Interventions?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6810" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy">Public Health Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6810" type="text/json">{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7272" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Determinants_of_Health">Social Determinants of Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7272" type="text/json">{"id":7272,"name":"Social Determinants of Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Determinants_of_Health?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9467" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Health">Population Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9467" type="text/json">{"id":9467,"name":"Population Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Health?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38140150]'), work: {"id":38140150,"title":"Drought in Ethiopia: A Population Health Equity Approach to Build Resilience for the Agro-Pastoralist Community","created_at":"2019-01-12T12:10:31.220-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38140150/Drought_in_Ethiopia_A_Population_Health_Equity_Approach_to_Build_Resilience_for_the_Agro_Pastoralist_Community?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_38140150","summary":"Background: A devastating drought is ravaging Africa, with Ethiopia being the worst-hit country. Ethiopia’s\neconomy is predominantly reliant on rain-fed farming and livestock. The agriculture sector contributes up to 85%\nof the country’s livelihoods. The drought has threatened agro-economy and health of over 15 million\nagro-pastoralist population who herd the largest livestock in Africa. Some governments announced its\ncommitment in the UN to extend support for the drought-affected people. The Sendai framework for Disaster Risk\nReduction prioritizes proactive rather than reactive relief response that can promote health resilience. Applying\npopulation health matrices can serve the purpose by exploring the determinants of health, their impacts on the\ndifferential health outcomes for population sub-groups and to improve the overall health of the population by\naddressing the health inequity.\nObjective: This study aims to identify the critical population health outcomes, underlying determinants, and the\nleverage points for actions that can guide effective policies and interventions for building health resilience for the\nvulnerable agro-pastoralist population in Ethiopia.\nMethods: Two researchers searched nine academic and grey literature bibliographic databases for drought\nliterature and related health interventions. We used the PRISMA checklist to synthesize data and Hamilton tools to\nevaluate individual study quality. We analyzed data employing disaster vulnerability and WHO’s social\ndeterminants of health and health equity frameworks. Socioeconomic, political and cultural backgrounds are\nexamined to identify policy and leverage points for effective population health interventions.\nResults: Health issues are diverse that revolve around the major determinants of health such as food security,\ninfrastructure, health systems, disaster preparedness, household productivity-income, livestock dependence and\naccess to the market economy. These determinants are further affected by socioeconomic, political and cultural\ncontexts. Despite dire vulnerability and health inequity, some potentials evolved from recent public health field\npractices as the leverage points for policy actions and interventions.\nConclusion: The recommended interventions can be implemented through an interdisciplinary population health\napproach to get the maximum impacts on health resilience. Evidence gathered from the worst drought niche in\nAfrica can be useful to tackle similar droughts induced health issues in other parts of the continent. Future\nintervention research on the ground can generate robust evidence for action to build health resilience.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58171608,"asset_id":38140150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":75258899,"first_name":"Selim","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"ucalgary","page_name":"SelimKhan","display_name":"Selim Khan","profile_url":"https://ucalgary.academia.edu/SelimKhan?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/75258899/21674296/27419723/s65_selim.khan.jpeg"},{"id":99630546,"first_name":"Dr. James","last_name":"Gomes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrJamesGomes","display_name":"Dr. James Gomes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrJamesGomes?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6773,"name":"Community Interventions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Interventions?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":7272,"name":"Social Determinants of Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Determinants_of_Health?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":9467,"name":"Population Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Health?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":15816,"name":"Risk and Vulnerability - Natural Hazards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability_-_Natural_Hazards?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":445467,"name":"Health inequities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_inequities?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34684995" data-work_id="34684995" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34684995/Directrices_de_la_pol%C3%ADtica_antidrogas_en_el_marco_de_la_acci%C3%B3n_de_la_polic%C3%ADa_nacional">Directrices de la política antidrogas en el marco de la acción de la policía nacional</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El problema de las drogas se ha convertido en uno de los grandes flagelos de la humanidad, por ello los países del mundo se han unido para llevar a cabo políticas, estrategias y proyectos cuyo principal objetivo es contrarrestar este... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34684995" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El problema de las drogas se ha convertido en uno<br />de los grandes flagelos de la humanidad, por ello los<br />países del mundo se han unido para llevar a cabo políticas,<br />estrategias y proyectos cuyo principal objetivo<br />es contrarrestar este fenómeno; debido a esto, surge<br />la inquietud respecto al futuro de la política antidrogas<br />en Colombia y la influencia que sobre ella ejercen<br />los Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea y la Organización<br />de Naciones Unidas; no obstante, la Policía Nacional<br />establece la incidencia de las políticas internacionales<br />sobre esta problemática mundial, al igual<br />que las características de las estrategias y acciones<br />que despliega para combatir este fenómeno.<br /><br />The world drug problem has been one of the biggest<br />scourges for humanity. Due to this, countries from all<br />over the world are getting efforts together in order<br />to create policies, strategies and projects to fight that<br />phenomenon. As a consequence, a question arises<br />regarding the future of the Colombian drug policy,<br />which is influenced by the United States, the European<br />Union and the United Nations. Nevertheless, the<br />Colombian National Police establishes de impact of<br />international policies on this global issue, as well as<br />the characteristics of the strategies and actions that it<br />unfolds to combat this phenomenon.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34684995" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2e0f1a9f7608ee842cdfd7089bac25dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54544160,"asset_id":34684995,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54544160/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44027568" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%C3%93G%C3%B3mezRodr%C3%ADguez">Óscar Enrique Gómez Rodríguez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44027568" type="text/json">{"id":44027568,"first_name":"Óscar Enrique","last_name":"Gómez Rodríguez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ÓGómezRodríguez","display_name":"Óscar Enrique Gómez Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%C3%93G%C3%B3mezRodr%C3%ADguez?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44027568/17831592/17848965/s65__scar_enrique.g_mez_rodr_guez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34684995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34684995"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34684995, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34684995", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34684995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34684995; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34684995"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34684995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34684995"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34684995; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34684995]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34684995").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34684995").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34684995"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29841" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_Analysis">Public Policy Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29841" type="text/json">{"id":29841,"name":"Public Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1032186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts">Drought Impacts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1032186" type="text/json">{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1723635" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy">Public Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1723635" type="text/json">{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34684995]'), work: {"id":34684995,"title":"Directrices de la política antidrogas en el marco de la acción de la policía nacional","created_at":"2017-09-26T11:42:23.347-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34684995/Directrices_de_la_pol%C3%ADtica_antidrogas_en_el_marco_de_la_acci%C3%B3n_de_la_polic%C3%ADa_nacional?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_34684995","summary":"El problema de las drogas se ha convertido en uno\nde los grandes flagelos de la humanidad, por ello los\npaíses del mundo se han unido para llevar a cabo políticas,\nestrategias y proyectos cuyo principal objetivo\nes contrarrestar este fenómeno; debido a esto, surge\nla inquietud respecto al futuro de la política antidrogas\nen Colombia y la influencia que sobre ella ejercen\nlos Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea y la Organización\nde Naciones Unidas; no obstante, la Policía Nacional\nestablece la incidencia de las políticas internacionales\nsobre esta problemática mundial, al igual\nque las características de las estrategias y acciones\nque despliega para combatir este fenómeno.\n\nThe world drug problem has been one of the biggest\nscourges for humanity. Due to this, countries from all\nover the world are getting efforts together in order\nto create policies, strategies and projects to fight that\nphenomenon. As a consequence, a question arises\nregarding the future of the Colombian drug policy,\nwhich is influenced by the United States, the European\nUnion and the United Nations. Nevertheless, the\nColombian National Police establishes de impact of\ninternational policies on this global issue, as well as\nthe characteristics of the strategies and actions that it\nunfolds to combat this phenomenon.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54544160,"asset_id":34684995,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44027568,"first_name":"Óscar Enrique","last_name":"Gómez Rodríguez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ÓGómezRodríguez","display_name":"Óscar Enrique Gómez Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%C3%93G%C3%B3mezRodr%C3%ADguez?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44027568/17831592/17848965/s65__scar_enrique.g_mez_rodr_guez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":29841,"name":"Public Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74906602" data-work_id="74906602" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74906602/The_national_drought_policy_in_Mexico">The national drought policy in Mexico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74906602" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9365364d5bb4148fe6844f8c80fdf534" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82890685,"asset_id":74906602,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82890685/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33265329" href="https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtegaGaucin">David Ortega-Gaucin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33265329" type="text/json">{"id":33265329,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ortega-Gaucin","domain_name":"imta","page_name":"DavidOrtegaGaucin","display_name":"David Ortega-Gaucin","profile_url":"https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtegaGaucin?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74906602 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74906602"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74906602, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74906602", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74906602 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74906602; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74906602"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74906602 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74906602"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74906602; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74906602]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74906602").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74906602").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74906602"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7439" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability">Risk and Vulnerability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7439" type="text/json">{"id":7439,"name":"Risk and Vulnerability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27240" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevention">Prevention</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27240" type="text/json">{"id":27240,"name":"Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevention?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47813" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Planning">Planning</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47813" type="text/json">{"id":47813,"name":"Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Planning?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74906602]'), work: {"id":74906602,"title":"The national drought policy in Mexico","created_at":"2022-03-29T12:02:27.007-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74906602/The_national_drought_policy_in_Mexico?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_74906602","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82890685,"asset_id":74906602,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33265329,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ortega-Gaucin","domain_name":"imta","page_name":"DavidOrtegaGaucin","display_name":"David Ortega-Gaucin","profile_url":"https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtegaGaucin?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7439,"name":"Risk and Vulnerability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":27240,"name":"Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevention?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":47813,"name":"Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Planning?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":74986,"name":"River Basin Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Basin_Management?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":115677,"name":"Drought and Water Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_and_Water_Stress?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74906613" data-work_id="74906613" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74906613/Peligro_vulnerabilidad_y_riesgo_por_sequ%C3%ADa_en_el_contexto_del_cambio_clim%C3%A1tico_en_M%C3%A9xico">Peligro, vulnerabilidad y riesgo por sequía en el contexto del cambio climático en México</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El cambio climático está provocando una intensificación en la variabilidad climática natural, con un aumento en la frecuencia y severidad de las sequías en muchas partes del mundo. El peligro por sequía se refiere a la probabilidad de que... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74906613" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El cambio climático está provocando una intensificación en la variabilidad climática natural, con un aumento en la frecuencia y severidad de las sequías en muchas partes del mundo. El peligro por sequía se refiere a la probabilidad de que ocurra un evento de sequía en un espacio y tiempo determinados con suficiente intensidad como para producir daños; la vulnerabilidad ante la sequía es el grado en que un sistema es susceptible e incapaz de hacer frente a los efectos adversos, daños o perjuicios causados por este fenómeno natural; y el riesgo por sequía está determinado por la confluencia del peligro y la vulnerabilidad. Con base en estos conceptos, en este artículo se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de una metodología desarrollada por los autores para determinar índices municipales de peligro, vulnerabilidad y riesgo por sequía en México. Los resultados indican que la metodología es viable para su aplicación a nivel nacional, e inclusive puede ser adaptado para aplicarse a nivel estatal o regional. Su principal ventaja es que se basa en un procedimiento analítico objetivo que permite identificar los municipios más vulnerables desde los puntos de vista económico, social y ambiental, y aquellos con mayor propensión y riesgo de ser afectados por sequía. Se concluye que los resultados obtenidos pueden ser útiles para los tomadores de decisiones y los responsables de formular políticas públicas en varios sentidos, tales como: establecer prioridades en la implementación de medidas de prevención y mitigación; entender dónde y cómo mejorar las capacidades de adaptación; entender dónde y cómo disminuir la exposición y la sensibilidad; y, en última instancia, optimizar la distribución de recursos de los diversos programas gubernamentales orientados al desarrollo social, los cuales contribuyen al fortalecimiento de capacidades para hacer frente a los fenómenos hidrometeorológicos extremos y a la adaptación al cambio climático.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74906613" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33265329" href="https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtegaGaucin">David Ortega-Gaucin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33265329" type="text/json">{"id":33265329,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ortega-Gaucin","domain_name":"imta","page_name":"DavidOrtegaGaucin","display_name":"David Ortega-Gaucin","profile_url":"https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtegaGaucin?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74906613 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74906613"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74906613, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74906613", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74906613 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74906613; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74906613"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74906613 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74906613"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74906613; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74906613]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74906613").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74906613").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74906613"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3995" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management">Disaster risk management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3995" type="text/json">{"id":3995,"name":"Disaster risk management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7439" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability">Risk and Vulnerability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7439" type="text/json">{"id":7439,"name":"Risk and Vulnerability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74906613]'), work: {"id":74906613,"title":"Peligro, vulnerabilidad y riesgo por sequía en el contexto del cambio climático en México","created_at":"2022-03-29T12:02:28.881-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74906613/Peligro_vulnerabilidad_y_riesgo_por_sequ%C3%ADa_en_el_contexto_del_cambio_clim%C3%A1tico_en_M%C3%A9xico?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_74906613","summary":"El cambio climático está provocando una intensificación en la variabilidad climática natural, con un aumento en la frecuencia y severidad de las sequías en muchas partes del mundo. El peligro por sequía se refiere a la probabilidad de que ocurra un evento de sequía en un espacio y tiempo determinados con suficiente intensidad como para producir daños; la vulnerabilidad ante la sequía es el grado en que un sistema es susceptible e incapaz de hacer frente a los efectos adversos, daños o perjuicios causados por este fenómeno natural; y el riesgo por sequía está determinado por la confluencia del peligro y la vulnerabilidad. Con base en estos conceptos, en este artículo se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de una metodología desarrollada por los autores para determinar índices municipales de peligro, vulnerabilidad y riesgo por sequía en México. Los resultados indican que la metodología es viable para su aplicación a nivel nacional, e inclusive puede ser adaptado para aplicarse a nivel estatal o regional. Su principal ventaja es que se basa en un procedimiento analítico objetivo que permite identificar los municipios más vulnerables desde los puntos de vista económico, social y ambiental, y aquellos con mayor propensión y riesgo de ser afectados por sequía. Se concluye que los resultados obtenidos pueden ser útiles para los tomadores de decisiones y los responsables de formular políticas públicas en varios sentidos, tales como: establecer prioridades en la implementación de medidas de prevención y mitigación; entender dónde y cómo mejorar las capacidades de adaptación; entender dónde y cómo disminuir la exposición y la sensibilidad; y, en última instancia, optimizar la distribución de recursos de los diversos programas gubernamentales orientados al desarrollo social, los cuales contribuyen al fortalecimiento de capacidades para hacer frente a los fenómenos hidrometeorológicos extremos y a la adaptación al cambio climático.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33265329,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ortega-Gaucin","domain_name":"imta","page_name":"DavidOrtegaGaucin","display_name":"David Ortega-Gaucin","profile_url":"https://imta.academia.edu/DavidOrtegaGaucin?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":3995,"name":"Disaster risk management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":7439,"name":"Risk and Vulnerability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":15816,"name":"Risk and Vulnerability - Natural Hazards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability_-_Natural_Hazards?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":16823,"name":"Vulnerability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vulnerability?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":20286,"name":"Drought Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Stress?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":82557,"name":"Disaster risk reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_reduction?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":115677,"name":"Drought and Water Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_and_Water_Stress?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":305303,"name":"Vulnerability assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vulnerability_assessment?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":617594,"name":"Agua y cambio climático","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agua_y_cambio_climatico?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032184,"name":"Drought Indicators/indices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Indicators_indices?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50680118" data-work_id="50680118" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50680118/Nitrogen_Availability_Affects_the_Yield_of_Winter_Wheat_Subjected_to_Water_Stress_during_Grain_Filling">Nitrogen Availability Affects the Yield of Winter Wheat Subjected to Water Stress during Grain Filling</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50680118" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. 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O atual contexto mundial de mudanças climáticas, essas regiões apresentam tendência ao aumento na ocorrência e magnitude de fenômenos como a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43493880" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Resumo As terras secas são espaços naturais com paisagens marcadas pela escassez hídrica. O atual contexto mundial de mudanças climáticas, essas regiões apresentam tendência ao aumento na ocorrência e magnitude de fenômenos como a estiagem e seca. Os municípios do Semiárido brasileiro possuem maior recorrência destes fenômenos. O Estado brasileiro tem atuado através de ações e políticas públicas que auxiliam esses municípios e suas populações no enfrentamento e convivência a esses fenômenos e seus efeitos. Entre essas, destaca-se a Operação Pipa (OP), que possibilita o acesso à água potável. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise espacial e comparativa entre os decretos de Situação de Emergência (SE)/Estado de Calamidade Pública (ECP) e a atuação da OP na Paraíba nos anos de 2012-2016. A metodologia empregada foi a Análise Espacial e Cartográfica que utilizou as informações da OP, oriundas do Comando Militar do Nordeste, e os decretos de SE/ECP por estiagem/seca, disponíveis no S2iD do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional. Os resultados indicam a extensão e os impactos da última grande seca, o qual mais de 90% dos municípios do estado tiveram as SE reconhecidas, já em relação à OP, esta esteve presente em mais de 70% dos municípios da Paraíba. Abstract Drylands are natural spaces with landscapes marked by water scarcity. In the current global context of climate change, these regions tend to increase in the occurrence and magnitude of phenomena such as dry and drough. The municipalities of the Brazilian semiarid have higher recurrence of these phenomena. The Brazilian State has acted through actions and public policies that help these municipalities and their populations to face and live with these phenomena and their effects. Among these, Operação Pipa (OP) stands out, which provides access to drinking water. The objective of this study was to perform a spatial and comparative analysis between the Decrees of Emergency Situation (SE) / State of Public Disaster (ECP) and the actuation of the OP in Paraíba in the years 2012-2016. The methodology used was the Spatial Analysis and Cartographic that used the OP information, coming from the Military Command of the Northeast and SE decrees / ECP by dry and drought available in S2iD by Ministry of Regional Development. The results indicate the extent and impacts of the last drought, which more than 90% of the municipalities in the state had their SEs recognized, in relation to the OP, this was present in more than 70% of the municipalities in Paraíba. Resumen Las tierras secas son espacios naturales con paisajes marcados por la escasez de agua. En el contexto global actual del cambio climático, estas regiones tienden a aumentar la ocurrencia y la magnitud de fenómenos como la sequía. Los municipios del semiárido brasileño tienen una mayor recurrencia de este fenómeno. El Estado brasileño ha actuado a través de acciones y políticas públicas que ayudan a estos municipios y sus poblaciones a enfrentar y vivir este fenómeno y sus efectos. Entre estos, se destaca la Operação Pipa (OP), que permite el acceso al agua potable. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis espacial y comparativo entre los decretos de Situación de Emergencia (SE) / Estado de calamidad pública (ECP) y la acción de la OP en Paraíba en los años 2012-2016. La metodología utilizada fue el Análisis espacial y cartográfico que utilizó la información de la OP, del Comando Militar del Nordeste, y los decretos SE/ECP debido a la sequía, disponibles</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43493880" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8118fd5dc18c050a274ca385badcbcb8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63802768,"asset_id":43493880,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63802768/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32292192" href="https://ufpb.academia.edu/TFarias">Thiago Farias</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32292192" type="text/json">{"id":32292192,"first_name":"Thiago","last_name":"Farias","domain_name":"ufpb","page_name":"TFarias","display_name":"Thiago Farias","profile_url":"https://ufpb.academia.edu/TFarias?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32292192/9662942/26620887/s65_thiago.farias.gif"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43493880 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43493880"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43493880, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43493880", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43493880]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43493880").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43493880").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43493880"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6836" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Access_To_Water">Access To Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6836" type="text/json">{"id":6836,"name":"Access To Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Access_To_Water?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24213" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Environment_">Water Resources (Environment)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24213" type="text/json">{"id":24213,"name":"Water Resources (Environment)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Environment_?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43493880]'), work: {"id":43493880,"title":"ÁREAS DE PROPENSÃO A SECA NO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA: UMA ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DOS DECRETOS DE SITUAÇÃO DE EMERGÊNCIA E A ATUAÇÃO DA OPERAÇÃO PIPA","created_at":"2020-07-01T17:14:56.333-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43493880/%C3%81REAS_DE_PROPENS%C3%83O_A_SECA_NO_ESTADO_DA_PARA%C3%8DBA_UMA_AN%C3%81LISE_ESPACIAL_DOS_DECRETOS_DE_SITUA%C3%87%C3%83O_DE_EMERG%C3%8ANCIA_E_A_ATUA%C3%87%C3%83O_DA_OPERA%C3%87%C3%83O_PIPA?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_43493880","summary":"Resumo As terras secas são espaços naturais com paisagens marcadas pela escassez hídrica. O atual contexto mundial de mudanças climáticas, essas regiões apresentam tendência ao aumento na ocorrência e magnitude de fenômenos como a estiagem e seca. Os municípios do Semiárido brasileiro possuem maior recorrência destes fenômenos. O Estado brasileiro tem atuado através de ações e políticas públicas que auxiliam esses municípios e suas populações no enfrentamento e convivência a esses fenômenos e seus efeitos. Entre essas, destaca-se a Operação Pipa (OP), que possibilita o acesso à água potável. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise espacial e comparativa entre os decretos de Situação de Emergência (SE)/Estado de Calamidade Pública (ECP) e a atuação da OP na Paraíba nos anos de 2012-2016. A metodologia empregada foi a Análise Espacial e Cartográfica que utilizou as informações da OP, oriundas do Comando Militar do Nordeste, e os decretos de SE/ECP por estiagem/seca, disponíveis no S2iD do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional. Os resultados indicam a extensão e os impactos da última grande seca, o qual mais de 90% dos municípios do estado tiveram as SE reconhecidas, já em relação à OP, esta esteve presente em mais de 70% dos municípios da Paraíba. Abstract Drylands are natural spaces with landscapes marked by water scarcity. In the current global context of climate change, these regions tend to increase in the occurrence and magnitude of phenomena such as dry and drough. The municipalities of the Brazilian semiarid have higher recurrence of these phenomena. The Brazilian State has acted through actions and public policies that help these municipalities and their populations to face and live with these phenomena and their effects. Among these, Operação Pipa (OP) stands out, which provides access to drinking water. The objective of this study was to perform a spatial and comparative analysis between the Decrees of Emergency Situation (SE) / State of Public Disaster (ECP) and the actuation of the OP in Paraíba in the years 2012-2016. The methodology used was the Spatial Analysis and Cartographic that used the OP information, coming from the Military Command of the Northeast and SE decrees / ECP by dry and drought available in S2iD by Ministry of Regional Development. The results indicate the extent and impacts of the last drought, which more than 90% of the municipalities in the state had their SEs recognized, in relation to the OP, this was present in more than 70% of the municipalities in Paraíba. Resumen Las tierras secas son espacios naturales con paisajes marcados por la escasez de agua. En el contexto global actual del cambio climático, estas regiones tienden a aumentar la ocurrencia y la magnitud de fenómenos como la sequía. Los municipios del semiárido brasileño tienen una mayor recurrencia de este fenómeno. El Estado brasileño ha actuado a través de acciones y políticas públicas que ayudan a estos municipios y sus poblaciones a enfrentar y vivir este fenómeno y sus efectos. Entre estos, se destaca la Operação Pipa (OP), que permite el acceso al agua potable. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis espacial y comparativo entre los decretos de Situación de Emergencia (SE) / Estado de calamidad pública (ECP) y la acción de la OP en Paraíba en los años 2012-2016. La metodología utilizada fue el Análisis espacial y cartográfico que utilizó la información de la OP, del Comando Militar del Nordeste, y los decretos SE/ECP debido a la sequía, disponibles","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63802768,"asset_id":43493880,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32292192,"first_name":"Thiago","last_name":"Farias","domain_name":"ufpb","page_name":"TFarias","display_name":"Thiago Farias","profile_url":"https://ufpb.academia.edu/TFarias?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32292192/9662942/26620887/s65_thiago.farias.gif"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6836,"name":"Access To Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Access_To_Water?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":24213,"name":"Water Resources (Environment)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Environment_?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":49379,"name":"Water Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Policy?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":115677,"name":"Drought and Water Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_and_Water_Stress?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37586640" data-work_id="37586640" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37586640/The_impacts_of_climate_driven_evolution_on_interspecific_interactions_between_grassland_plants">The impacts of climate-driven evolution on interspecific interactions between grassland plants.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Anthropogenic climate change is expected to alter the balance of interspecific interactions, modifying neighbourhood dynamics and community structure. However, the effects of climate- driven evolution on plant interspecific interactions... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37586640" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Anthropogenic climate change is expected to alter the balance of interspecific interactions, modifying neighbourhood dynamics and community structure. However, the effects of climate- driven evolution on plant interspecific interactions are not known. It is widely assumed that climate-driven evolution increases competitive ability of an organism within its community. Conversely, research at Buxton Climate Change Impacts Laboratory (BCCIL) shows experimental drought drives evolution of decreased plant productivity.<br />Using microcosm experiments the impacts of climate-mediated evolution on interspecific interactions were investigated. Individuals of Festuca ovina were taken from drought and control plots at BCCIL. Sexual reproduction ensued to create F1 progeny with known ancestry (control, drought and hybrid). The microcosm experiment used the F1 progeny in communities with three other plant species. Two-month drought treatment was applied to half of the microcosms. Above ground biomass of all four species was collected, weighed and analysed.<br />F. ovina individuals with pure drought ancestry from BCCIL had significantly reduced biomass production than control ancestry plants. Microcosm drought significantly suppressed biomass production of F. ovina of control ancestry, but not drought ancestry. F. ovina biomass was negatively correlated with Koeleria macrantha within the microcosms.<br />The microcosm drought results suggest inheritance of drought relevant traits. This suggests an evolved response of decreased plant productivity that allows F. ovina to successfully continue biomass production through chronic drought. This response does not increase fitness short term but allows for species persistence under changing environmental conditions. Decreased plant productivity impacts potential competitive ability within the ecological community thereby impacting interspecific interactions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37586640" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aa472d87ee1ef662ac4aa41123bca7d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57566976,"asset_id":37586640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57566976/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11108751" href="https://liverpool.academia.edu/ScarlettZetter">Scarlett Zetter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11108751" type="text/json">{"id":11108751,"first_name":"Scarlett","last_name":"Zetter","domain_name":"liverpool","page_name":"ScarlettZetter","display_name":"Scarlett Zetter","profile_url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ScarlettZetter?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37586640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37586640"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37586640, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37586640", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37586640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37586640; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37586640"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37586640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37586640"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37586640; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37586640]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37586640").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37586640").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37586640"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4267" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Ecology">Community Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4267" type="text/json">{"id":4267,"name":"Community Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Ecology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37586640]'), work: {"id":37586640,"title":"The impacts of climate-driven evolution on interspecific interactions between grassland plants.","created_at":"2018-10-15T03:33:47.095-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37586640/The_impacts_of_climate_driven_evolution_on_interspecific_interactions_between_grassland_plants?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_37586640","summary":"Anthropogenic climate change is expected to alter the balance of interspecific interactions, modifying neighbourhood dynamics and community structure. However, the effects of climate- driven evolution on plant interspecific interactions are not known. It is widely assumed that climate-driven evolution increases competitive ability of an organism within its community. Conversely, research at Buxton Climate Change Impacts Laboratory (BCCIL) shows experimental drought drives evolution of decreased plant productivity.\nUsing microcosm experiments the impacts of climate-mediated evolution on interspecific interactions were investigated. Individuals of Festuca ovina were taken from drought and control plots at BCCIL. Sexual reproduction ensued to create F1 progeny with known ancestry (control, drought and hybrid). The microcosm experiment used the F1 progeny in communities with three other plant species. Two-month drought treatment was applied to half of the microcosms. Above ground biomass of all four species was collected, weighed and analysed.\nF. ovina individuals with pure drought ancestry from BCCIL had significantly reduced biomass production than control ancestry plants. Microcosm drought significantly suppressed biomass production of F. ovina of control ancestry, but not drought ancestry. F. ovina biomass was negatively correlated with Koeleria macrantha within the microcosms.\nThe microcosm drought results suggest inheritance of drought relevant traits. This suggests an evolved response of decreased plant productivity that allows F. ovina to successfully continue biomass production through chronic drought. This response does not increase fitness short term but allows for species persistence under changing environmental conditions. Decreased plant productivity impacts potential competitive ability within the ecological community thereby impacting interspecific interactions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57566976,"asset_id":37586640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11108751,"first_name":"Scarlett","last_name":"Zetter","domain_name":"liverpool","page_name":"ScarlettZetter","display_name":"Scarlett Zetter","profile_url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ScarlettZetter?f_ri=1032186","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":4267,"name":"Community Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Ecology?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":16638,"name":"Local Adaptation (Evolutionary Ecology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Adaptation_Evolutionary_Ecology_?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":18594,"name":"Evolutionary Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":106065,"name":"Drought monitoring and ecosystem services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_monitoring_and_ecosystem_services?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":171012,"name":"Species interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_interactions?f_ri=1032186"},{"id":1032186,"name":"Drought Impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24579066" data-work_id="24579066" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24579066/Direct_and_Indirect_Effects_of_Drought_using_the_Function_Analysis_Systems_Technique_FAST_Diagram">Direct and Indirect Effects of Drought using the Function Analysis Systems Technique (FAST) Diagram</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Human lives have always been subject to different natural risks and dangers throughout the history all over the world. Drought, meanwhile, is strikingly common and of high importance of all. Drought is a worldwide phenomenon, which could... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24579066" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Human lives have always been subject to different natural risks and dangers throughout the history all over the world.  Drought, meanwhile, is strikingly common and of high importance of all. Drought is a worldwide phenomenon, which could happen everywhere throughout the world and lead to major economic, social as well as environmental losses and costs. <br />Drought has two effects, direct and indirect. Agricultural products decrease, deforestation, risk of fire, water level drop, and wildlife losses could be some impacts of drought. The result of direct effects would be indirect effects. For instance, the reduction of agricultural products and fertility of forests and grasslands could possibly decrease the income of farmers and increase the prices of food products, wood, unemployment, crime as well as increasing the immigration. In general the effects of drought could be divided into economical, environmental and social impacts.<br />As graphical display contributes largely to the better understanding of the problem, efforts have been made to take advantage of the technique in this study. One of the well-known graphical technique is FAST (Functional Analysis Systems Technique) diagram. The FAST diagram is one of the important tools in value engineering in analyzing and recognizing of the problem. In addition, as this graph depicts the relationship of system functions graphically, contributes largely in solving the system problems as well as improving the system efficiency.  <br />The purpose of this study is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of drought based on this diagram, having defined the application as well as plotting the FAST diagram. In the end, special emphasis will be put on the environment using this diagram.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24579066" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e95621cfa4774e7a08c5eecf73b575fe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44908337,"asset_id":24579066,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44908337/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDE4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="314457" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/mohammadheydari">Mohammad Heydari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="314457" type="text/json">{"id":314457,"first_name":"Mohammad","last_name":"Heydari","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"mohammadheydari","display_name":"Mohammad Heydari","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/mohammadheydari?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/314457/160210/14855570/s65_mohammad.heydari.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24579066 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24579066"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24579066, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24579066", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24579066]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24579066").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24579066").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24579066"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10729" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact_Assessment">Environmental Impact Assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10729" type="text/json">{"id":10729,"name":"Environmental Impact Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact_Assessment?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Impact_Assessment">Health Impact Assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11977" type="text/json">{"id":11977,"name":"Health Impact Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Impact_Assessment?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20286" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Stress">Drought Stress</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20286" type="text/json">{"id":20286,"name":"Drought Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Stress?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24579066]'), work: {"id":24579066,"title":"Direct and Indirect Effects of Drought using the Function Analysis Systems Technique (FAST) Diagram","created_at":"2016-04-19T23:17:47.626-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24579066/Direct_and_Indirect_Effects_of_Drought_using_the_Function_Analysis_Systems_Technique_FAST_Diagram?f_ri=1032186","dom_id":"work_24579066","summary":"Human lives have always been subject to different natural risks and dangers throughout the history all over the world. Drought, meanwhile, is strikingly common and of high importance of all. Drought is a worldwide phenomenon, which could happen everywhere throughout the world and lead to major economic, social as well as environmental losses and costs. \nDrought has two effects, direct and indirect. Agricultural products decrease, deforestation, risk of fire, water level drop, and wildlife losses could be some impacts of drought. The result of direct effects would be indirect effects. For instance, the reduction of agricultural products and fertility of forests and grasslands could possibly decrease the income of farmers and increase the prices of food products, wood, unemployment, crime as well as increasing the immigration. In general the effects of drought could be divided into economical, environmental and social impacts.\nAs graphical display contributes largely to the better understanding of the problem, efforts have been made to take advantage of the technique in this study. One of the well-known graphical technique is FAST (Functional Analysis Systems Technique) diagram. The FAST diagram is one of the important tools in value engineering in analyzing and recognizing of the problem. In addition, as this graph depicts the relationship of system functions graphically, contributes largely in solving the system problems as well as improving the system efficiency. \nThe purpose of this study is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of drought based on this diagram, having defined the application as well as plotting the FAST diagram. In the end, special emphasis will be put on the environment using this diagram.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44908337,"asset_id":24579066,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":314457,"first_name":"Mohammad","last_name":"Heydari","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"mohammadheydari","display_name":"Mohammad Heydari","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/mohammadheydari?f_ri=1032186","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/314457/160210/14855570/s65_mohammad.heydari.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":10729,"name":"Environmental Impact Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact_Assessment?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":11977,"name":"Health Impact Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Impact_Assessment?f_ri=1032186","nofollow":false},{"id":20286,"name":"Drought 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Diagram","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Analysis_Systems_Technique_Diagram?f_ri=1032186"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?after=50%2C24579066" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Drought_Impacts?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Indicators_indices">Drought Indicators/indices</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a 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