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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tivoizace" title="Tivoizace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tivoizace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tivoisering" title="Tivoisering – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tivoisering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tivoisierung" title="Tivoisierung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tivoisierung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tivoizaci%C3%B3n" title="Tivoización – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tivoización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tivo%C3%AFsation" title="Tivoïsation – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tivoïsation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EB%B3%B4%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98" title="티보이제이션 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티보이제이션" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tivoization" title="Tivoization – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tivoization" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/TiVo%E5%8C%96" title="TiVo化 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="TiVo化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tivoisering" title="Tivoisering – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tivoisering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiwoizacja" title="Tiwoizacja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tiwoizacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tivoizare" title="Tivoizare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tivoizare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тивоизация – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тивоизация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Тивоїзація – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тивоїзація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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(<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span></span>-/</a></span></span>) is the practice of designing hardware that incorporates <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> under the terms of a <a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">copyleft</a> <a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">software license</a> like the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL), but uses hardware restrictions or <a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">digital rights management</a> (DRM) to prevent users from running modified versions of the software on that hardware. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF) coined the term in reference to <a href="/wiki/TiVo" title="TiVo">TiVo</a>'s use of GNU GPL licensed software on the TiVo brand <a href="/wiki/Digital_video_recorder" title="Digital video recorder">digital video recorders</a> (DVR), which actively block modified software by design.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stallman believes this practice denies users some of the freedom that the GNU GPL was designed to protect.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FSF refers to tivoized hardware as "proprietary tyrants".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Free Software Foundation explicitly forbade tivoization in version 3 of the GNU General Public License. However, although version 3 has been adopted by many software projects, the authors of the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> have notably declined to move from version 2 to version 3. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tivoization&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/TiVo" title="TiVo">TiVo</a>'s software incorporates the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> and <a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a> software, both of which are licensed under version 2 of the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> (GPLv2). GPLv2 requires distributors to make the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> available to each person who receives the software. One goal of this requirement is to allow users of GPL-covered software to modify the software to better suit their purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> asserts that TiVo circumvented the GPL's goal by making their products run programs only if the program's <a href="/wiki/Digital_signature" title="Digital signature">digital signature</a> matches those authorized by the manufacturer of the TiVo.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While TiVo has complied with the GPL v2 requirement to release the source code for others to modify, any modified software will not run on TiVo's hardware. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Kuhn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradley Kuhn">Bradley Kuhn</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Software_Freedom_Conservancy" title="Software Freedom Conservancy">Software Freedom Conservancy</a> disputes Stallman's narrative. Kuhn asserts that TiVo did not strictly forbid software replacement, but TiVo's proprietary software was intentionally designed to not function if any open-source components were replaced, which consequently required the user to find fully open-source alternatives to the proprietary software. In Kuhn's view, TiVo did not tivoize, the GPLv2 was already sufficient to prevent tivoization, and the intent of the GPLv3 was to add an additional, unnecessary requirement that proprietary software continue to function.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GNU_GPLv3">GNU GPLv3</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tivoization&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: GNU GPLv3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License#Version_3" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License § Version 3</a></div> <p>In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF) decided to combat TiVo's technical system of blocking users from running modified software. The FSF subsequently developed a third version of the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> (GPLv3) which was designed to include language which prohibited this activity.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Eben_Moglen" title="Eben Moglen">Eben Moglen</a>, "the license should prohibit technical means of evasion of its rules, with the same clarity that it prohibits legal evasion of its rules."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second draft of the GPLv3 attempted to clarify the rules regarding tivoization.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some Linux kernel developers were still concerned that this draft might still prohibit beneficial uses of digital signatures.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stallman and the Free Software Foundation attempted to respond to some of these concerns by stating that the GPLv3 allows private digital signatures for security purposes while still preventing tivoization.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the third and fourth discussion drafts of the GPLv3, released March 28, 2007 and May 31, 2007, respectively, the anti-tivoization clause was limited so as not to apply when the software is distributed to a business.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, medical devices and voting machines would not be covered. The final, official GPLv3 was published on June 29, 2007, with no major changes in respect to tivoization relative to the fourth draft. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a> said he was "pretty pleased" with the new draft's stance on <a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">DRM</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he still does not support <a href="/wiki/Software_relicensing" title="Software relicensing">relicensing</a> the Linux kernel under GPLv3, stating that:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Stallman</a> calls it "tivoization", but that's a word he has made up, and a term I find offensive, so I don't choose to use it. It's offensive because Tivo never did anything wrong, and the FSF even acknowledged that. The fact [is] that they do their hardware and have some DRM issues with the content producers and thus want to protect the integrity of that hardware. The kernel license covers the *kernel*. It does not cover boot loaders and hardware, and as far as I'm concerned, people who make their own hardware can design them any which way they want. Whether that means "booting only a specific kernel" or "sharks with lasers", I don't care.</p></blockquote> <p>The GPLv3's new license provisions were acknowledged by TiVo in its April 2007 <a href="/wiki/SEC_filing" title="SEC filing">SEC filing</a>: "If the currently proposed version of GPLv3 is widely adopted, we may be unable to incorporate future enhancements to the GNU/Linux operating system into our software, which could adversely affect our business."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outcome">Outcome</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tivoization&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Outcome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>, which is included in the <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> of TiVo-branded hardware, is still distributed under the terms of the GPLv2. The kernel has not been changed to use GPLv3<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because the kernel maintainers have generally perceived the GPLv3 to be overly restrictive,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although some kernel developers, such as <a href="/wiki/Alan_Cox_(computer_programmer)" title="Alan Cox (computer programmer)">Alan Cox</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have expressed divergent opinions. In any case, offering the Linux kernel under a different license would likely be infeasible because of its very large number of copyright holders. Unlike most GPL software, the kernel is licensed only under GPLv2 without the wording "or, at your option, any later version", therefore the explicit agreement of all copyright holders would be required to license the kernel as a whole under a new version.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some other projects widely used in tivoized embedded systems, such as <a href="/wiki/BusyBox" title="BusyBox">BusyBox</a>, have also declined to move to GPLv3.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tivoization&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vendor_lock-in" title="Vendor lock-in">Vendor lock-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defective_by_Design" title="Defective by Design">Defective by Design</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tivoization&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2023</span>. <q>...The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Free+Software+Definition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fphilosophy%2Ffree-sw.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206023943/http://www.gratisoft.us/tivo/bigdisk.html">"Using large disks with TiVo"</a>. <i>gratisoft.us</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eben+Moglen%2C+speaking+about+GPLv3+in+Barcelona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffsfe.org%2Factivities%2Fgplv3%2Fbarcelona-moglen-transcript.en.html%23drm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gplv3.fsf.org/drm-dd2.html">"Opinion on Digital Restrictions Management"</a>. <i>fsf.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060819170543/http://gplv3.fsf.org/drm-dd2.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=google.com&rft.atitle=GPLv3+Position+Statement&rft.date=2006-09-22&rft.aulast=Bottomley&rft.aufirst=James+E.J.&rft.au=Chehab%2C+Mauro+Carvalho&rft.au=Gleixner%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Hellwig%2C+Christoph&rft.au=Jones%2C+Dave&rft.au=Kroah-Hartman%2C+Greg&rft.au=Luck%2C+Tony&rft.au=Morton%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Myklebust%2C+Trond&rft.au=Woodhouse%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Flinux.kernel%2Fmsg%2F36ad030397f575f5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFbrett2007" class="citation web cs1">brett (June 26, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gplv3.fsf.org/dd3-faq">"GPLv3 FAQ, with explanation of Section 6's limits |"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070606082643/http://gplv3.fsf.org/dd3-faq">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GPLv3+FAQ%2C+with+explanation+of+Section+6%27s+limits+%26%23124%3B&rft.date=2007-06-26&rft.au=brett&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgplv3.fsf.org%2Fdd3-faq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120713115859/http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-6171300-7.html">"Torvalds 'pretty pleased' about new GPL 3 draft"</a>. CNet news.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.com/2061-10795_3-6171300.html">the original</a> on July 13, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Torvalds+%27pretty+pleased%27+about+new+GPL+3+draft&rft.pub=CNet+news.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.com%2F2061-10795_3-6171300.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorvalds2007" class="citation web cs1">Torvalds, Linus (June 13, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lkml.org/lkml/2007/6/13/289">"Re: Dual-Licensing Linux Kernel with GPL V2 and GPL V3"</a>. <i>Linux Kernel Mailing List</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070617234347/http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/6/13/289">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linux+Kernel+Mailing+List&rft.atitle=Re%3A+Dual-Licensing+Linux+Kernel+with+GPL+V2+and+GPL+V3&rft.date=2007-06-13&rft.aulast=Torvalds&rft.aufirst=Linus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flkml.org%2Flkml%2F2007%2F6%2F13%2F289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informationweek.com/software/tivo-warns-investors-new-open-source-license-could-hurt-business">"InformationWeek: TiVo Warns Investors New Open Source License Could Hurt Business"</a>. June 1, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220727084236/https://www.informationweek.com/software/tivo-warns-investors-new-open-source-license-could-hurt-business">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=InformationWeek%3A+TiVo+Warns+Investors+New+Open+Source+License+Could+Hurt+Business&rft.date=2007-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.informationweek.com%2Fsoftware%2Ftivo-warns-investors-new-open-source-license-could-hurt-business&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorvalds" class="citation web cs1">Torvalds, Linus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/tree/COPYING?id=b3358a116c25267446a45e4164cb2b8e98276da0">"COPYING"</a>. kernel.org. blob ca442d313d86dc67e0a2e5d584b465bd382cbf5c. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128083313/https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/tree/COPYING?id=b3358a116c25267446a45e4164cb2b8e98276da0">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2013</span>. <q><i>Also note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as the kernel is concerned is _this_ particular version of the license (ie v2, not v2.2 or v3.x or whatever), unless explicitly otherwise stated.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=COPYING&rft.pub=kernel.org&rft.aulast=Torvalds&rft.aufirst=Linus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgit.kernel.org%2Fpub%2Fscm%2Flinux%2Fkernel%2Fgit%2Fstable%2Flinux.git%2Ftree%2FCOPYING%3Fid%3Db3358a116c25267446a45e4164cb2b8e98276da0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBottomleyChehabGleixnerHellwig2006" class="citation web cs1">Bottomley, James E.J.; Chehab, Mauro Carvalho; Gleixner, Thomas; Hellwig, Christoph; Jones, Dave; Kroah-Hartman, Greg; Luck, Tony; Morton, Andrew; Myklebust, Trond; Woodhouse, David (September 15, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/200422/">"Kernel developers' position on GPLv3 – The Dangers and Problems with GPLv3"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060925172439/http://lwn.net/Articles/200422/">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2015</span>. <q>The current version (Discussion Draft 2) of GPLv3 on first reading fails the necessity test of section 1 on the grounds that there's no substantial and identified problem with GPLv2 that it is trying to solve. However, a deeper reading reveals several other problems with the current FSF draft: 5.1 DRM Clauses [...] 5.2 Additional Restrictions Clause [...] 5.3 Patents Provisions [...]since the FSF is proposing to shift all of its projects to GPLv3 and apply pressure to every other GPL licensed project to move, we foresee the release of GPLv3 portends the <a href="/wiki/Balkanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkanisation">Balkanisation</a> of the entire Open Source Universe upon which we rely.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kernel+developers%27+position+on+GPLv3+%E2%80%93+The+Dangers+and+Problems+with+GPLv3&rft.pub=LWN.net&rft.date=2006-09-15&rft.aulast=Bottomley&rft.aufirst=James+E.J.&rft.au=Chehab%2C+Mauro+Carvalho&rft.au=Gleixner%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Hellwig%2C+Christoph&rft.au=Jones%2C+Dave&rft.au=Kroah-Hartman%2C+Greg&rft.au=Luck%2C+Tony&rft.au=Morton%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Myklebust%2C+Trond&rft.au=Woodhouse%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flwn.net%2FArticles%2F200422%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaKIZ7gJlRU"><i>Linus Torvalds says GPL v3 violates everything that GPLv2 stood for</i></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Debconf" class="mw-redirect" title="Debconf">Debconf</a> 2014</i>. Portland. September 4, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119072821/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaKIZ7gJlRU">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linus+Torvalds+says+GPL+v3+violates+everything+that+GPLv2+stood+for&rft.place=Portland&rft.date=2014-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DPaKIZ7gJlRU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/g/fa.linux.kernel/c/L5NRD_ONkIk/m/Vps_c1wLyiQJ">"fa.linux.kernel: Linus Torvalds: Flame Linus to a crisp!"</a>. <i>google.com</i>. April 24, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201227002332/https://groups.google.com/g/fa.linux.kernel/c/L5NRD_ONkIk">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=google.com&rft.atitle=fa.linux.kernel%3A+Linus+Torvalds%3A+Flame+Linus+to+a+crisp%21&rft.date=2003-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fg%2Ffa.linux.kernel%2Fc%2FL5NRD_ONkIk%2Fm%2FVps_c1wLyiQJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090428180852/http://news.zdnet.co.uk/software/0,1000000121,39249913,00.htm">"UK Linux guru backs GPL 3"</a>. <i>ZDNet</i>. January 31, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.zdnet.co.uk/software/0,1000000121,39249913,00.htm">the original</a> on April 28, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=UK+Linux+guru+backs+GPL+3&rft.date=2006-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.zdnet.co.uk%2Fsoftware%2F0%2C1000000121%2C39249913%2C00.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_P._Lindhout2006" class="citation web cs1">Mark P. Lindhout (October 16, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/ciaran/?p=58">"(About GPLv3) Can the Linux Kernel Relicense? — Ciarán's free software notes"</a>. <i>fsfe.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090223105632/http://blogs.fsfe.org/ciaran/?p=58">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fsfe.org&rft.atitle=%28About+GPLv3%29+Can+the+Linux+Kernel+Relicense%3F+%E2%80%94+Ciar%C3%A1n%27s+free+software+notes&rft.date=2006-10-16&rft.au=Mark+P.+Lindhout&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.fsfe.org%2Fciaran%2F%3Fp%3D58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/202106/">"Busy busy busybox"</a>. <i>LWN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061105234312/http://lwn.net/Articles/202106/">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LWN&rft.atitle=Busy+busy+busybox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flwn.net%2FArticles%2F202106%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tivoization&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#Tivoization">Free Software Foundation definition of "Tivoization"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linfo.org/tivoization.html">An Introduction to Tivoization</a> by The Linux Information Project (LINFO)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mail-archive.com/blinuxforum@lists.freearchive.org/msg00592.html">Stallman, Torvalds, Moglen share views on DRM and GPLv3</a> – by Shashank Sharma August 9, 2006, from <a href="/wiki/Newsforge" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsforge">Newsforge</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tivo.com/linux/">TiVo's GPL-required modifications</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glibc" title="Glibc">glibc</a>, and other software</li> <li>Richard Stallman's explanations of "tivoisation": <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsfe.org/activities/gplv3/torino-rms-transcript.en.html#drm">Italy, March 2006</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsfe.org/activities/gplv3/fisl-rms-transcript.en.html#tivoisation">Brazil, April 2006</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsfe.org/activities/gplv3/barcelona-rms-transcript.en.html#tivoisation">Spain, June 2006</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsfe.org/activities/gplv3/bangalore-rms-transcript.en.html#tivoisation">India, August 2006</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsfe.org/activities/gplv3/tokyo-rms-transcript#tivoisation">Japan, November 2006</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richard_Stallman_and_Bruce_Perens_at_Hi!_Tech_Festival" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Richard Stallman and Bruce Perens at Hi! Tech Festival">Stallman and Bruce Perens debating about GPL and tivoization (on Wikimedia Commons)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2015">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_Moglen" title="Eben Moglen">Eben Moglen</a>'s explanations: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsfe.org/activities/gplv3/barcelona-moglen-transcript.en.html#drm">Spain, June 2006</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ciarán O'Riordan's explanations: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsfe.org/activities/gplv3/tokyo-ciaran-transcript#tivoisation-and-freedom">Japan, November 2006</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fsfe.org/en/fellows/ciaran/ciaran_s_free_software_notes/tivoisation_explained_implementation_and_harms">Tivoisation explained – implementation and harms</a> (article)</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130104020016/http://linuxdevices.com/articles/AT3899346728.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Using a hypervisor to reconcile GPL and proprietary embedded code" article"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linuxdevices.com/articles/AT3899346728.html">the original</a> on January 4, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Using+a+hypervisor+to+reconcile+GPL+and+proprietary+embedded+code%22+article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flinuxdevices.com%2Farticles%2FAT3899346728.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATivoization" class="Z3988"></span> with a focus on Tivoization</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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proliferation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_software_rebranded_by_Debian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla software rebranded by Debian">Mozilla software rebranding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_device_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietary device driver">Proprietary device drivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_firmware" title="Proprietary firmware">Proprietary firmware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCO%E2%80%93Linux_disputes" title="SCO–Linux disputes">SCO/Linux controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_patents_and_free_software" title="Software patents and free software">Software patents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_security" title="Open-source software security">Software security</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tivoization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Computing" title="Trusted Computing">Trusted Computing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">Forking</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GNU_Manifesto" title="GNU Manifesto">GNU Manifesto</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise" title="Microsoft Open Specification Promise">Microsoft Open Specification Promise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-core_model" title="Open-core model">Open-core model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open-source hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source-available_software" title="Source-available software">Source-available software</a></li> 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