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<div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nazivi_rata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazivi_rata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nazivi rata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazivi_rata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uvod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uvod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uvod</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uvod-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Uvod</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uvod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Odnos_snaga_prije_rata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odnos_snaga_prije_rata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Odnos snaga prije rata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odnos_snaga_prije_rata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alžirski_dogovor_iz_1975." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alžirski_dogovor_iz_1975."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Alžirski dogovor iz 1975.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alžirski_dogovor_iz_1975.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tijek_rata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tijek_rata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tijek rata</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tijek_rata-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Tijek rata</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tijek_rata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iračka_invazija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iračka_invazija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Iračka invazija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iračka_invazija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taktike_ljudskih_valova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taktike_ljudskih_valova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Taktike ljudskih valova</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taktike_ljudskih_valova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istjerivanje_Iračana_iz_Irana_1982." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istjerivanje_Iračana_iz_Irana_1982."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Istjerivanje Iračana iz Irana 1982.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istjerivanje_Iračana_iz_Irana_1982.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Okršaji_na_granici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Okršaji_na_granici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Okršaji na granici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Okršaji_na_granici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bitka_za_močvare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bitka_za_močvare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Bitka za močvare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bitka_za_močvare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rat_gradova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rat_gradova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Rat gradova</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rat_gradova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tankerski_rat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tankerski_rat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Tankerski rat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tankerski_rat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izraelski_zračni_napad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izraelski_zračni_napad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Izraelski zračni napad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izraelski_zračni_napad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kemijsko_oružje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kemijsko_oružje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kemijsko oružje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kemijsko_oružje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podrška_Zapada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podrška_Zapada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Podrška Zapada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podrška_Zapada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mir_i_dug" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mir_i_dug"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Mir i dug</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mir_i_dug-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Iransko-irački rat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 88 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Irakse_Oorlog" title="Iran-Irakse Oorlog – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Iran-Irakse Oorlog" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="حرب الخليج الأولى – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرب الخليج الأولى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="حرب الخليج الاولانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حرب الخليج الاولانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Ir%C3%A1n-Iraq" title="Guerra Irán-Iraq – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guerra Irán-Iraq" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran%E2%80%93%C4%B0raq_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99si" title="İran–İraq müharibəsi – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İran–İraq müharibəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="ایران عیراق ساواشی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایران عیراق ساواشی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A1_%D2%BB%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Иран-Ираҡ һуғышы – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иран-Ираҡ һуғышы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerang_Iran-Iraq" title="Gerang Iran-Iraq – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gerang Iran-Iraq" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ірана-іракская вайна – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ірана-іракская вайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ірака-іранская вайна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ірака-іранская вайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ирано-иракска война – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ирано-иракска война" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E2%80%93%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" title="ইরাক–ইরান যুদ্ধ – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইরাক–ইরান যুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat" title="Iransko-irački rat – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Iransko-irački rat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Iran-Iraq" title="Guerra Iran-Iraq – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guerra Iran-Iraq" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D8%B9%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="شەڕی ئێران و عێراق – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەڕی ئێران و عێراق" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1cko-%C3%ADr%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="Irácko-íránská válka – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Irácko-íránská válka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyfel_Irac_ac_Iran" title="Rhyfel Irac ac Iran – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyfel Irac ac Iran" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Irak-krigen" title="Iran-Irak-krigen – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Iran-Irak-krigen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erster_Golfkrieg" title="Erster Golfkrieg – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erster Golfkrieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%A4%DE%AA_%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%8E%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%A6" title="އީރާން އިރާޤު ހަނގުރާމަ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އީރާން އިރާޤު ހަނގުރާމަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD-%CE%99%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA" title="Πόλεμος Ιράν-Ιράκ – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πόλεμος Ιράν-Ιράκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iran–Iraq War" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraka_Milito" title="Iran–Iraka Milito – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Iran–Iraka Milito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_entre_Ir%C3%A1n_e_Irak" title="Guerra entre Irán e Irak – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra entre Irán e Irak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraani-Iraagi_s%C3%B5da" title="Iraani-Iraagi sõda – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iraani-Iraagi sõda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Irak_Gerra" title="Iran-Irak Gerra – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iran-Irak Gerra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="جنگ ایران و عراق – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ ایران و عراق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irakin%E2%80%93Iranin_sota" title="Irakin–Iranin sota – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Irakin–Iranin sota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%ADggi%C3%B0_%C3%ADmillum_Iran_og_Irak" title="Kríggið ímillum Iran og Irak – ferojski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kríggið ímillum Iran og Irak" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ferojski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_Iran-Irak" title="Guerre Iran-Irak – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre Iran-Irak" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogadh_Iar%C3%A1in_-_Iar%C3%A1ic" title="Cogadh Iaráin - Iaráic – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cogadh Iaráin - Iaráic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F%E2%80%93%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7" title="מלחמת איראן–עיראק – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת איראן–עיראק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="ईरान-इराक़ युद्ध – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ईरान-इराक़ युद्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak%E2%80%93ir%C3%A1ni_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BA" title="Irak–iráni háború – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Irak–iráni háború" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6-%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Իրան-իրաքյան պատերազմ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իրան-իրաքյան պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Iran%E2%80%93Irak" title="Perang Iran–Irak – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Iran–Irak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milito_Iran-Irak" title="Milito Iran-Irak – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Milito Iran-Irak" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%AD%C3%B0_%C3%8Draks_og_%C3%8Drans" title="Stríð Íraks og Írans – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stríð Íraks og Írans" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Iran-Iraq" title="Guerra Iran-Iraq – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerra Iran-Iraq" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89" title="イラン・イラク戦争 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イラン・イラク戦争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ირან-ერაყის ომი – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ირან-ერაყის ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80-%EC%9D%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%81%AC_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="이란-이라크 전쟁 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이란-이라크 전쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_%C3%8Eran_%C3%BB_Iraq%C3%AA" title="Şerê Îran û Iraqê – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şerê Îran û Iraqê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%83" title="Иран-ирак согушу – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иран-ирак согушу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primum_bellum_sinus_Persici" title="Primum bellum sinus Persici – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Primum bellum sinus Persici" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irako%E2%80%93Irano_karas" title="Irako–Irano karas – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Irako–Irano karas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C4%81nas%E2%80%94Ir%C4%81kas_kar%C5%A1" title="Irānas—Irākas karš – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Irānas—Irākas karš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB-%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82" title="ഇറാൻ-ഇറാഖ് യുദ്ധം – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇറാൻ-ഇറാഖ് യുദ്ധം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Иран-Иракийн дайн – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иран-Иракийн дайн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E2%80%93%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="इराण–इराक युद्ध – marathski" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इराण–इराक युद्ध" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Iran-Iraq" title="Perang Iran-Iraq – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Iran-Iraq" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA-%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2" title="အီရန်-အီရတ်စစ်ပွဲ – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီရန်-အီရတ်စစ်ပွဲ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="इरान-इराक युद्ध – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इरान-इराक युद्ध" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak-Iranoorlog" title="Irak-Iranoorlog – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Irak-Iranoorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak-Irankrigen" title="Irak-Irankrigen – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Irak-Irankrigen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Irak-krigen" title="Iran–Irak-krigen – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Iran–Irak-krigen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Iran-Iraq" title="Guèrra Iran-Iraq – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guèrra Iran-Iraq" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8-%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7" title="ਇਰਾਨ-ਇਰਾਕ ਯੁੱਧ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਰਾਨ-ਇਰਾਕ ਯੁੱਧ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojna_iracko-ira%C5%84ska" title="Wojna iracko-irańska – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wojna iracko-irańska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ایران عراق جنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایران عراق جنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="د ایران او عراق جګړه – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ایران او عراق جګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Ir%C3%A3-Iraque" title="Guerra Irã-Iraque – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra Irã-Iraque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Iran-Irak" title="Războiul Iran-Irak – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Războiul Iran-Irak" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ирано-иракская война – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ирано-иракская война" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Iran–Iraq War" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira%C4%8Dko-iranski_rat" title="Iračko-iranski rat – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Iračko-iranski rat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iran–Iraq War" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1nsko-irack%C3%A1_vojna" title="Iránsko-iracká vojna – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Iránsko-iracká vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iransko-ira%C5%A1ka_vojna" title="Iransko-iraška vojna – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Iransko-iraška vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_ciraaq_iyo_iiraan" title="Dagaalkii ciraaq iyo iiraan – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dagaalkii ciraaq iyo iiraan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufta_Iran-Irak" title="Lufta Iran-Irak – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lufta Iran-Irak" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ирачко-ирански рат – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ирачко-ирански рат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Irak-kriget" title="Iran–Irak-kriget – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Iran–Irak-kriget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_kati_ya_Irak_na_Uajemi" title="Vita kati ya Irak na Uajemi – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vita kati ya Irak na Uajemi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E2%80%93_%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஈரான் – ஈராக் போர் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈரான் – ஈராக் போர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BE%D2%9B" title="Ҷанги Эрон ва Ироқ – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷанги Эрон ва Ироқ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E2%80%93%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="สงครามอิรัก–อิหร่าน – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามอิรัก–อิหร่าน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%BDran-Yrak_ur%C5%9Fy" title="Eýran-Yrak urşy – turkmenski" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Eýran-Yrak urşy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-Iragi_%C4%8Dang" title="Iron-Iragi čang – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Iron-Iragi čang" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak-%C4%B0ran_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Irak-İran Savaşı – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Irak-İran Savaşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ірано-іракська війна – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ірано-іракська війна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ایران عراق جنگ – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایران عراق جنگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guera_Iran-Iraq" title="Guera Iran-Iraq – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Guera Iran-Iraq" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_Iran_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Chiến tranh Iran – Iraq – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến tranh Iran – Iraq" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E4%BC%8A%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="两伊战争 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="两伊战争" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94" title="איראן-איראק מלחמה – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איראן-איראק מלחמה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E4%BC%8A%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="两伊战争 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="两伊战争" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E4%BC%8A%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="兩伊戰爭 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="兩伊戰爭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82664#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iran-Iraq_War" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82664" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width: 315px; border-spacing: 2px; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; font-size: 130%;">Iransko-irački rat </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Iran-Iraq_war-gallery.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Iran-Iraq_war-gallery.png/250px-Iran-Iraq_war-gallery.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Iran-Iraq_war-gallery.png/375px-Iran-Iraq_war-gallery.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Iran-Iraq_war-gallery.png/500px-Iran-Iraq_war-gallery.png 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="642" /></a></span><br />Od gore, u smjeru kazaljke na satu: iransko dijete-vojnik na bojišnici, iranski vojnik s plinskom maskom, američka fregata USS Stark nakon udara iračkog protubrodskog projektila, pobijeni iranski socijalistički mudžahedini (MEK) koji su se borili na strani Iraka, irački ratni zarobljenici prilikom oslobođenja Horamšara, iranski protuzračni top. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; cellpadding: 0; padding: 0; border: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Vrijeme </th> <td>1980. - 1988. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Lokacija </th> <td>Iransko-iračka granica, <a href="/wiki/Perzijski_zaljev" title="Perzijski zaljev">Perzijski zaljev</a>, povremeno šire područje Iraka i Irana </td></tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Ishod </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Status_quo" title="Status quo">Status quo ante bellum</a>, sporna područja pod nadzorom <a href="/w/index.php?title=UNIIMOG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UNIIMOG (stranica ne postoji)">UNIIMOG</a>-a: <br /> • Irak nije uspio anektirati Huzestan <br /> • Iran nije uspio svrgnuti Saddamov režim u Iraku <br /> • Kriza na međunarodnom tržištu nafte<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Casus_belli" title="Casus belli">Casus belli</a></i> </th> <td>Irački napad na iransku provinciju <a href="/wiki/Huzestan" title="Huzestan">Huzestan</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: lightsteelblue; text-align: center;">Sukobljeni </th></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="border-right: 1px dotted #aaa;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/24px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/36px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> <p><br /> Podupiran od: <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_the_U.S..svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_the_U.S..svg/25px-Flag_of_the_U.S..svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_the_U.S..svg/38px-Flag_of_the_U.S..svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_the_U.S..svg/50px-Flag_of_the_U.S..svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="269" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a> (tajno) <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_Syria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/25px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/38px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/50px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sirija" title="Sirija">Sirija</a><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/25px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/38px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/50px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Izrael" title="Izrael">Izrael</a><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/25px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/38px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/50px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/25px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/38px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/50px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Koreja" title="Sjeverna Koreja">Sjeverna Koreja</a><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_Libya_(1977%E2%80%932011).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Libija" title="Libija">Libija</a><br /> </p> </td> <td width="50%" style="padding-left: 0.25em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/24px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/36px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> <p><br /> Podupiran od: <br /> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/SAD" title="SAD"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a><br /> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/SSSR" title="SSSR"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">SSSR</a><br /> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/24px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/36px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuska</a><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjena_Kraljevina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujedinjena Kraljevina">Ujedinjena Kraljevina</a><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/25px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/38px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/50px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zapadna_Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Zapadna Njemačka">Zapadna Njemačka</a><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_East_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/25px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/38px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/50px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dna_Njema%C4%8Dka" class="mw-redirect" title="Istočna Njemačka">Istočna Njemačka</a><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1946-1992).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/SFRJ" class="mw-redirect" title="SFRJ">SFRJ</a><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: lightsteelblue; text-align: center;">Vođe </th></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="border-right: 1px dotted #aaa;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/24px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/36px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ruholah_Homeini" title="Ruholah Homeini">Imam Homeini</a> </td> <td width="50%" style="padding-left: 0.25em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/24px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/36px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: lightsteelblue; text-align: center;">Posljedice </th></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="border-right: 1px dotted #aaa;">1 milijun poginulih<sup id="cite_ref-remembrance_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remembrance-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td width="50%" style="padding-left: 0.25em;">250 000-500 000 poginulih<sup id="cite_ref-remembrance_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remembrance-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Iransko-irački rat</b> bio je rat koji se vodio između <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Iraka</a> i <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Irana</a> tijekom većeg dijela osamdesetih godina dvadesetog stoljeća, od 1980. do 1988. godine. Nakon osam godina borbi, rat je ekonomski iscrpio obje države i uzrokovao gubitak više od milijuna ljudskih života.<sup id="cite_ref-remembrance_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remembrance-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nazivi_rata">Nazivi rata</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Nazivi rata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nazivi rata"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Do 1990. godine i <a href="/wiki/Zaljevski_rat" title="Zaljevski rat">Iračke invazije na Kuvajt</a>, ovaj se sukob ponekad nazivao i <i>"Zaljevskim ratom"</i>, ili <i>"Perzijskim zaljevskim ratom"</i>. U <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranu</a> se rat naziva <i>"Nametnuta obrana"</i> ili <i>"Sveti rat".</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddamovom</a>, pak, Iraku, rat se nazivao <i>"Sadamova Kadisija"</i> ili <i>"Sadamova slavna Kadisija"</i>. Ovime se prema službenom narativu Saddamove <a href="/wiki/Baas" title="Baas">basističke stranke</a>, aludiralo na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitku_kod_Kadisije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitku kod Kadisije (stranica ne postoji)">Bitku kod Kadisije</a> iz razdoblja <a href="/wiki/Arapska_osvajanja_na_kopnu" title="Arapska osvajanja na kopnu">arapske ekspanzije</a> u 7. stoljeću, u kojoj su arapske vojske porazile vojske <a href="/wiki/Sasanidsko_Perzijsko_Carstvo" title="Sasanidsko Perzijsko Carstvo">Sasanidske Perzije</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iran se do 1935. godine zvao Perzija.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uvod">Uvod</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Uvod" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Uvod"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odnos_snaga_prije_rata">Odnos snaga prije rata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Odnos snaga prije rata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Odnos snaga prije rata"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zahvaljujući šahu <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammed Reza Pahlavi">Mohammedu Reza Pahlaviju</a>, Iran je tijekom 1970-ih postao superioran Iraku u gotovo svim granama oružanih snaga.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:str. 17</sup> Osim što je raspolagalo s većim brojem letjelica, iransko je ratno zrakoplovstvo zahvaljujući šahovim dobrim odnosima s SAD-om nabavilo tada najmodernije američke lovce/presretače <a href="/wiki/F-14_Tomcat" class="mw-redirect" title="F-14 Tomcat">F-14 Tomcat</a>. </p><p>Najveća razlika bila je u mornarici gdje Irak s obalom od svega 58 kilometara (naspram Iranske od 2400 km) nije mogao ustrojiti ozbiljniju pomorsku silu. Tako se Iračka mornarica sastojala od 12 brzih napadnih brodova kojima su bili suprotstavljeni iranski <a href="/wiki/Razara%C4%8D" title="Razarač">razarači</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fregata" title="Fregata">fregate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korveta" title="Korveta">korvete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raketna_topovnja%C4%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Raketna topovnjača">raketne topovnjače</a> itd.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:str. 17</sup> </p><p>Odnos kopnenih snaga bio je nešto izjednačeniji. Iako je Iran brojčano bio jači (280.000 prema 190.000), broj vojnih formacija bio je podjednak. Broj <a href="/wiki/Tenk" title="Tenk">tenkova</a> bio je gotovo isti (1800 prema 1750), s naglskom da je Irak bio stručan u gotovo svim oblicima oklopne borbe.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:str. 18</sup> </p><p>Ovakve odnose snaga poljuljala je <a href="/wiki/Iranska_revolucija" title="Iranska revolucija">Iranska revolucija</a> koja se dogodila 1979. godine. Nakon preuzimanja vlasti, nova islamistička vlast u Iranu započela je sustavne čistke iranskih oružanih snaga smatrajući ih najvjerojatnijim izvorom potencijalne proturevolucije i neistomišljenika.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Na posebnom udaru nove islamističke politike našli su se djelatnici zrakoplovstva zbog čega su mnogi piloti i tehničari završili u zatvorima.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alžirski_dogovor_iz_1975."><span id="Al.C5.BEirski_dogovor_iz_1975."></span>Alžirski dogovor iz 1975.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Alžirski dogovor iz 1975." class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Alžirski dogovor iz 1975."><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Irak i Iran imali su teritorijalni spor na rijeci <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0at_al-Arab" title="Šat al-Arab">Šat al-Arab</a>, koji je 1975. godine prividno bio riješen Alžirskim dogovorom. Do dogovora je došlo nakon što je tadašnji šahov režim potpomagao kurdsku pobunu u Iraku, pa je <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> u zamjenu za prestanak šahove potpore Kurdima, pristao na koncesije u iransku korist. Iako se tada činilo da je dogovor postignut, irački lideri tim dogovorom zapravo su bili uvrijeđeni, pa su s padom šahova režima i zapadanja Irana u revolucionarni kaos ponovo počeli isticati stare pretenzije na ovo područje a Saddam je dogovor jednostrano proglasio ništavnim.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tijek_rata">Tijek rata</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Tijek rata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Tijek rata"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Battle_of_khorramshahr_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Battle_of_khorramshahr_4.jpg/200px-Battle_of_khorramshahr_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Battle_of_khorramshahr_4.jpg/300px-Battle_of_khorramshahr_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Battle_of_khorramshahr_4.jpg/400px-Battle_of_khorramshahr_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption>Dva iranska vojnika tijekom uličnih borbi za <a href="/wiki/Horam%C5%A1aher" title="Horamšaher">Horamšar</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iračka_invazija"><span id="Ira.C4.8Dka_invazija"></span>Iračka invazija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Iračka invazija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Iračka invazija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U rujnu <a href="/wiki/1980." title="1980.">1980.</a> godine Irak započinje invaziju na <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">naftom</a> bogatu iransku pokrajinu <a href="/wiki/Huzestan" title="Huzestan">Huzestan</a>, koja se nalazila s iranske strane rijeke, kako bi povećavajući rezerve nafte svoju državu prometnuo u regionalnu velesilu. U Huzestanu se također nalazio i značajan postotak arapskog stanovništva, pa se Saddam pred njima htio prikazati kao osloboditelj, nadajući se njihovoj pobuni, koja se kako je vrijeme pokazalo, nikada nije dogodila.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U rujnu 1980. godine Saddam je pokrenuo kopneni napad na ovu iransku provinciju zamišljen u stilu <a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">blitzkriega</a>. U prvoj fazi napada iračko zrakoplovstvo napalo je iranske zračne baze želeći uništiti iransko zrakoplovstvo na zemlji, no učinci njihovog djelovanja su bili gotovo nikakvi.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zatim je krenuo napad iračkih tenkovskih divizija u dubinu iranskog teritorija prema Huzestanu, koje je usporio žilav otpor Iranaca oko grada <a href="/wiki/Horam%C5%A1aher" title="Horamšaher">Horamšara</a>. </p><p>Iako su nakon dva mjeseca teških uličnih borbi za Horamšar Iračani uspjeli okupirati grad, njihova ofanziva nepovratno je izgubila je na zamahu i elementu iznenađenja, pa su se Iranci uspjeli konsolidirati a rat je postao statičan.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kao odgovor na iračku invaziju, iransko je zrakoplovstvo idućeg dana napalo ciljeve u dubini iračkog teritorija, gađajući naftnu industriju, brane i petrokemijska postrojenja. Iranski jurišni helikopteri, izveli su nekoliko prepada na iračke snage unutar teritorija Irana, uništivši nešto oklopnih vozila, no iračku ofanzivu nisu u potpunosti zaustavili.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Do godine 1981., rat je ušao u pat poziciju, postavši statičan poput velikih rovovskih bitaka tijekom <a href="/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat">Prvog svjetskog rata</a>, no istovremeno vođen suvremenim oružjima primjerenim kasnom 20. stoljeću.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taktike_ljudskih_valova">Taktike ljudskih valova</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Taktike ljudskih valova" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Taktike ljudskih valova"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Iranian_killed_soldier_during_Iran-Iraq_war_with_Rouhollah_Khomeini%27s_photo_on_his_uniform.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Iranian_killed_soldier_during_Iran-Iraq_war_with_Rouhollah_Khomeini%27s_photo_on_his_uniform.jpg/270px-Iranian_killed_soldier_during_Iran-Iraq_war_with_Rouhollah_Khomeini%27s_photo_on_his_uniform.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Iranian_killed_soldier_during_Iran-Iraq_war_with_Rouhollah_Khomeini%27s_photo_on_his_uniform.jpg/405px-Iranian_killed_soldier_during_Iran-Iraq_war_with_Rouhollah_Khomeini%27s_photo_on_his_uniform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Iranian_killed_soldier_during_Iran-Iraq_war_with_Rouhollah_Khomeini%27s_photo_on_his_uniform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>Poginuli iranski vojnik nosi fotografiju ajatolaha <a href="/wiki/Ruholah_Homeini" title="Ruholah Homeini">Homeinija</a> na svojoj uniforni</figcaption></figure> <p>Budući da je Iran imao manjak teškog naoružanja, ali mnogo veći broj stanovnika, njihovi su se ratni napori počeli oslanjati na brojnost u ljudstvu, odnosno fanatične, ali slabo obučene i opremljene mladiće (ponekad i maloljetne) koje su zvali basidži.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oni bi inače kao topovsko meso prvi jurišali prema iračkim prednjim crtama, katkad čisteći minska polja svojim tijelima. Nakon njihovog juriša, nastupala je iranska <a href="/wiki/Korpus_islamske_revolucionarne_garde" title="Korpus islamske revolucionarne garde">Revolucionarna garda</a> čiji je zadatak bio probijanje načetih iračkih linija obrane,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dok bi potom nastupala regularna vojska s mehaniziranim pješaštvom, koje bi manevarskim ratovanjem nastojalo okružiti neprijatelja. Ovakve taktike, dovele su do nekoliko teških iračkih poraza, iako su bile izrazito krvave za iransku stranu koja ih je provodila.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Istjerivanje_Iračana_iz_Irana_1982."><span id="Istjerivanje_Ira.C4.8Dana_iz_Irana_1982."></span>Istjerivanje Iračana iz Irana 1982.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Istjerivanje Iračana iz Irana 1982." class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Istjerivanje Iračana iz Irana 1982."><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Iran je u prvoj polovici 1982. godine, pokrenuo operacije: Neosporna pobjeda i Beit ol Moqaddas, ostvarivši nekoliko pobjeda nad Saddamovim vojskom, da bi zatim u ožujku iste godine iranska vojska oslobodila i Horamšar od iračkih okupatora. Ovi porazi uzdrmali su i brojčano oslabili Iračku vojsku, pa se <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> odlučio na povlačenje svojih snaga iz većeg dijela Irana. Također je za kaznu dao pogubiti sav onaj časnički kadar kojeg je smatrao odgovornim za nedavne poraze. Dana 20. lipnja 1982., Irak je zatražio prekid neprijateljstava i ponudio potpuno povlačenje iz Irana kroz idućih dva tjedna.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Međutim, vrhovni vođa Irana - Ruholah Homeini, ne samo da ponudu nije prihvatio, nego je i najavio da rat neće završiti dok Iran ne sruši Sadamom basistički režim, naplati ratna odštetu<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Irak transformira u islamsku republiku.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sljedećih pet godina, Irak je uglavnom proveo u defenzivi, dok je iranska strana u nastavku rata pokrenula više od sedamdeset ofenziva prema teritoriju Iraka.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Map_of_the_frontlines_in_the_Iran-Iraq_War.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Map_of_the_frontlines_in_the_Iran-Iraq_War.jpg/270px-Map_of_the_frontlines_in_the_Iran-Iraq_War.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Map_of_the_frontlines_in_the_Iran-Iraq_War.jpg/405px-Map_of_the_frontlines_in_the_Iran-Iraq_War.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Map_of_the_frontlines_in_the_Iran-Iraq_War.jpg/540px-Map_of_the_frontlines_in_the_Iran-Iraq_War.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1591" /></a><figcaption>Karta prikazuje kako su se pomicale bojišnice tijekom rata. Ljubičasta područja su teritorij Irana kojeg je Saddamova vojska okupirala u ratnim operacijama, a žutom bojom označen je teritorij Iraka, kojeg je u protunapadima zauzele <a href="/wiki/Oru%C5%BEane_snage_Irana" title="Oružane snage Irana">Oružane snage Irana</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Okršaji_na_granici"><span id="Okr.C5.A1aji_na_granici"></span>Okršaji na granici</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Okršaji na granici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Okršaji na granici"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iračka vojska ojačana tehnikom koja im je stigla iz <a href="/wiki/Sovjetski_Savez" title="Sovjetski Savez">Sovjetskog Saveza</a>, ustrojila je na svojim granicama nekoliko profesionalno složenih linija obrane kojima su se branili po dubini.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kada bi Iranci pokrenuli svoje napade ljudskim valovima, iračka vojska bi se povukla a Iranci bi zbog konfiguracije obrane bili kanalizirani u zone uništenja gdje bi ih prvo prikovala snažna topnička vatra kombinirana s napadima zrakoplovstva a zatim bi ih iračko oklopništvo i mehanizirano pješaštvo u potpunosti istjeralo. Na taj način Iračani su željeli Irancima u kontinuitetu nanositi velike gubitke i tako "iskrvariti" mobilizacijski potencijal Irana za daljnji nastavak rata.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bitka_za_močvare"><span id="Bitka_za_mo.C4.8Dvare"></span>Bitka za močvare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Bitka za močvare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bitka za močvare"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pokretanjem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operacije_Hajbar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operacije Hajbar (stranica ne postoji)">Operacije Hajbar</a>, u veljači 1984. godine iranska se je vojska pokušala probiti kroz močvarna područja na iračko-iranskoj granici koristeći čamce i transportne helikoptere.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Na taj su način željeli presjeći komunikacije između iračke prijestolnice <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdada</a> i grada <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basre</a> na jugu Iraka.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iako je Iran pretrpio teške gubitke kad je iračka lovačka avijacija presrela pedesetak otpravljenih iranskih transportnih helikoptera <a href="/wiki/CH-47_Chinook" class="mw-redirect" title="CH-47 Chinook">CH-47 Chinook</a>, od kojih se tek jedan uspio vratiti, Iranci su uspjeli uspostaviti kontrolu nad strateški važnim otokom Qurna.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iransko pješaštvo koje se probijalo kroz močvarne vode na granici, Iračani su ubili strujom postavljanjem električnih kablova u močvarnu vodu a zatim, prema pisanju LA Timesa, od tijela gomile ubijenih Iranaca izgradili cestu kroz močvarni teren.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unatoč teškim gubicima, koristeći silinu brojeva, Iranci su se probili kroz močvare, samo da bi ispred njih naletjeli na nove linije iračke obrane, s kojih su se Iračani branili upotrebom: topništva, zrakoplovstva, tenkova ali i bojnog otrova <a href="/wiki/Iperit" title="Iperit">Iperita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rat_gradova">Rat gradova</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Rat gradova" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Rat gradova"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Početkom 1984. godine, Saddam se upustio u teroristička bombardiranja iranskih gradova, želeći demoralizirati stanovništvo Irana koja su prozvana "ratom gradova". Iračke oružane snage provodile su zračna bombardiranja iranskih gradova i napade korištenjem mobilnih raketnih lansera "R-300 Elbrus" - NATO naziva Scud. U ovim napadima pogibali su na tisuće iranskih građana. Iran je u međuvremenu nabavio vlastite Scud projektile iz Rusije i Libije i počeo uzvraćati raketnu paljbu po iračkim gradovima poput Bagdada.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tankerski_rat">Tankerski rat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Tankerski rat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Tankerski rat"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Godine 1984. počeo je "Tankerski rat", nakon što je Irak proglasio sve brodovlje koje ulazi/izlazi iz iranskih luka podložno napadima. Na taj način, Irak je želio isprovocirati disproporcionalni odgovor Irana, poput blokade <a href="/wiki/Hormu%C5%A1ki_tjesnac" title="Hormuški tjesnac">Hormuškog tjesnaca</a>, što bi onda u rat zapetljalo Sjedinjene Američke Države budući da je <a href="/wiki/Bijela_ku%C4%87a" title="Bijela kuća">Bijela kuća</a> nekoliko puta prijetila intervencijom bude li tjesnac zatvoren.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izraelski_zračni_napad"><span id="Izraelski_zra.C4.8Dni_napad"></span>Izraelski zračni napad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Izraelski zračni napad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izraelski zračni napad"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članci o temama: <a href="/wiki/Operacija_Opera_(Izrael)" title="Operacija Opera (Izrael)">Operacija Opera (Izrael)</a> i <a href="/wiki/Operacija_Opera" class="mw-disambig" title="Operacija Opera">Operacija Opera</a></div></i></div> <p>Usprkos anticionizmu <a href="/wiki/Ruholah_Homeini" title="Ruholah Homeini">Imama Homeinija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izrael" title="Izrael">Izrael</a> je surađivao s Iranom. Tijekom <a href="/wiki/1970-ih" title="1970-ih">1970-ih</a> Irak je pokušao nagovoriti <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francusku</a> da mu proda <a href="/wiki/Nuklearni_reaktor" title="Nuklearni reaktor">nuklearni reaktor</a> sličan onima koji su korišteni u francuskom programu za razvoj oružja. Francuska je to odbila, ali je pristala prodati dijelove i pomoći u izgradnji eksperimentalnog reaktora Osirak u nuklearnom centru Tuwaitha nedaleko <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdada</a>. </p><p>Izrael je ustvrdio da Irak razvija nuklearno oružje. Strahujući da bi Irak mogao u budućnosti napasti Izrael, premijer Menachem Begin je poslao nekoliko ratnih zrakoplova tipa F16 koji su u samo nekoliko sekundi reaktor pretvorili u ruševine. Izraelska vojska je tada priopćila da je napadom "nuklearni duh Bagdada vraćen nazad u bocu". Izraelski napad je dočekan s osudom, čak i od <a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države">Sjedinjenih Država</a>, tradicionalnog izraelskog saveznika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kemijsko_oružje"><span id="Kemijsko_oru.C5.BEje"></span>Kemijsko oružje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak: Kemijsko oružje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kemijsko oružje"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zna se da je Irak od <a href="/wiki/1983." title="1983.">1983.</a> koristio bojni otrov <a href="/wiki/Iperit" title="Iperit">iperit</a>, a od <a href="/wiki/1985." title="1985.">1985.</a> i nervni bojni otrov <a href="/wiki/Tabun" title="Tabun">tabun</a> protiv iranskog pješaštva i slabo obučenih dobrovoljaca. Tabun ih je ubijao u vrlo kratkom vremenu. </p><p>Godine <a href="/wiki/1988." title="1988.">1988.</a> Irak je kemijsko oružje upotrijebio protiv <a href="/wiki/Kurdi" title="Kurdi">Kurda</a> na sjeveru zemlje. Neke kurdske <a href="/wiki/Gerila" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerila">gerilske</a> jedinice pridružile su se iranskoj ofenzivi. Dana 16. ožujka 1988. Irak je na kurdski grad <a href="/wiki/Halabja" title="Halabja">Halabju</a> <a href="/wiki/Napad_otrovnim_plinom_na_Halabju" title="Napad otrovnim plinom na Halabju">bacio bombe punjene bojnim otrovima</a> iperit, <a href="/wiki/Sarin" title="Sarin">sarin</a> i tabun. Procjenuje je se da je poginulo od 3 200 do 5 000 civila, dok su mnogi preživjeli bili suočeni s dugotrajnim zdravstvenim problemima. <a href="/wiki/Kemijsko_oru%C5%BEje" title="Kemijsko oružje">Kemijsko oružje</a> je korišteno i tijekom iračke ofenzive pod nazivom <a href="/wiki/Kampanja_al-Anfal" title="Kampanja al-Anfal">Anfal</a>, sedmomjesečne kampanje u kojoj je korištena taktika spaljene zemlje i u kojoj je ubijeno ili nestalo između 50 000 i 100 000 Kurda. Tada je uništeno i stotine sela. </p><p>Vijeće sigurnosti <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeni_narodi" title="Ujedinjeni narodi">Ujedinjenih naroda</a> donijelo je rezoluciju kojom je osuđena upotreba kemijskog oružja. No, Sjedinjene Države i druge vlade zapadnog svijeta počele su u završnim fazama rata pružati vojnu i političku podršku Bagdadu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Podrška_Zapada"><span id="Podr.C5.A1ka_Zapada"></span>Podrška Zapada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak: Podrška Zapada" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Podrška Zapada"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zapad je pod izlikom sprječavanja širenja iranskog utjecaja u regiji otvoreno stao na iračku stranu. Godine <a href="/wiki/1982." title="1982.">1982.</a> Sjedinjene Države su uklonile Irak s popisa država koje podržavaju <a href="/wiki/Terorizam" title="Terorizam">terorizam</a>. Dvije godine nakon toga uspostavljeni su diplomatski odnosi, koji su bili prekinuti još od arapsko-izraelskog rata <a href="/wiki/1967." title="1967.">1967.</a> Glavni irački dostavljač oružja bio je njegov dugogodišnji saveznik - <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">SSSR</a>. </p><p>No, nekoliko zapadnih država, uključujući <a href="/wiki/Velika_Britanija" class="mw-redirect" title="Velika Britanija">Britaniju</a>, Francusku i Sjedinjene Države, potajno je prodavalo oružje i vojnu opremu Iraku, a Amerikanci su sa <a href="/wiki/Sadam_Husein" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadam Husein">Sadamovim</a> režimom surađivali i na obavještajnom planu. Skandal «<a href="/wiki/Irangate" class="mw-redirect" title="Irangate">Irangate</a>», kojim je otkriveno da su Sjedinjene Države potajno prodavale oružje Iranu pokušavajući isposlovati oslobađanje američkih talaca iz zatočeništva u <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanonu</a>, izazvao je nesuglasice između Washingtona i Bagdada. </p><p>U završnim fazama rata Iran i Irak su svoje vojne snage usmjerili na napade na <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">naftne</a> tankere u <a href="/wiki/Perzijski_zaljev" title="Perzijski zaljev">Perzijskom zaljevu</a> pokušavajući tako onemogućiti jedan drugog da ostvare prihod od izvoza nafte. Američki, britanski i francuski ratni brodovi bili su upućeni u Zaljev, gdje je nekoliko <a href="/wiki/Kuvajt" title="Kuvajt">kuvajtskih</a> tankera plovilo pod američkom zastavom i vojnom pratnjom kako bi se spriječilo Iran da ih napadne. </p><p>Još 1982. godine američki predsjednik Ronald Reagan je izjavio da će SAD napraviti što god je potrebno da Irak ne bi izgubio rat.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tijekom "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tankerski_rat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tankerski rat (stranica ne postoji)">tankerskog rata</a>" američki ratni brodovi su 1988. godine uništili više iranskih naftnih platformi i greškom, kako su tvrdile vlasti u <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washingtonu</a>, oborili iranski putnički zrakoplov s 290 civila. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mir_i_dug">Mir i dug</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odlomak: Mir i dug" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mir i dug"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Yazd3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Yazd3.JPG/270px-Yazd3.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Yazd3.JPG/405px-Yazd3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Yazd3.JPG/540px-Yazd3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Spomen ploča poginulima Irancima tijekom rata</figcaption></figure> <p>Prekid vatre stupio je na snagu mjesec dana kasnije, 20. kolovoza, a u to su područje upućene mirovne snage Ujedinjenih naroda. Rat nije bitnije promijenio granicu između dvije države, no cijena osmogodišnjeg ratovanja u ljudskim žrtvama i posljedicama po gospodarstvo je bila ogromna i za Irak i za Iran. Procjenjuje se da je poginulo 400 tisuća ljudi, a da ih je ranjeno čak 750 tisuća. Tijela poginulih su otkrivana sve do nedavno, neka su pronađena prošle godine. Ekonomska cijena rata je, prema nekima, za svaku zemlju iznosila više od 400 milijardi <a href="/wiki/Dolar" title="Dolar">dolara</a>. U taj iznos su uključeni troškovi razaranja te procjena o izgubljenom prihodu zbog otežane proizvodnje i izvoza nafte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrupa_autora" class="citation web cs1">Grupa autora. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221484501930290X">Simulations of US-Iran war and its impact on global oil price behavior</a>. <q>The Iranian Islamic revolution of 1979 and the subsequent outbreak of the Iran-Iraq War in 1980 pushed up world oil prices dramatically from $14.95 per barrel in 1978 to $37.42 per barrel in 1980. Owing to the sharp rise in oil prices, the world economy suffered output stagnation, higher inflation, and higher interest rates (Hutchison, 1991). Alekhina and Yoshino (2018) pointed out that a decline in oil supply also contributed to the price spike.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Simulations+of+US-Iran+war+and+its+impact+on+global+oil+price+behavior&rft.au=Grupa+autora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS221484501930290X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-remembrance-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-remembrance_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-remembrance_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-remembrance_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFBlack" class="citation news cs1">Black, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/23/iran-iraq-war-anniversary">Iran i Irak prisjećaju se rata čija je cijena bila više od milijun ljudskih života</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 25. studenoga 2019.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Iran+i+Irak+prisje%C4%87aju+se+rata+%C4%8Dija+je+cijena+bila+vi%C5%A1e+od+milijun+ljudskih+%C5%BEivota&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Fsep%2F23%2Firan-iraq-war-anniversary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/international/20200923-four-decades-later-veterans-of-the-iran-iraq-war-still-can-t-forget-saddam-hussein-west">Four decades later, veterans of the Iran-Iraq war still can't forget</a>. <i>RFI</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). 23. rujna 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 3. srpnja 2021.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RFI&rft.atitle=Four+decades+later%2C+veterans+of+the+Iran-Iraq+war+still+can%27t+forget&rft.date=2020-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fen%2Finternational%2F20200923-four-decades-later-veterans-of-the-iran-iraq-war-still-can-t-forget-saddam-hussein-west&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFLewental2014" class="citation journal cs1">Lewental, D. Gershon. 2. studenoga 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2013.870899">‘Saddam's Qadisiyyah’: Religion and History in the Service of State Ideology in Baʿthi Iraq</a>. <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>50</b> (6): 891–910. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263206.2013.870899">10.1080/00263206.2013.870899</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3206">0026-3206</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=%E2%80%98Saddam%27s+Qadisiyyah%E2%80%99%3A+Religion+and+History+in+the+Service+of+State+Ideology+in+Ba%CA%BFthi+Iraq&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=891-910&rft.date=2014-11-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263206.2013.870899&rft.issn=0026-3206&rft.aulast=Lewental&rft.aufirst=D.+Gershon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F00263206.2013.870899&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranchamber.com/geography/articles/persia_became_iran.php">Iran Chamber Society: When "Persia" became "Iran<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span></a>. <i>www.iranchamber.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 4. srpnja 2021.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iranchamber.com&rft.atitle=Iran+Chamber+Society%3A+When+%22Persia%22+became+%22Iran%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranchamber.com%2Fgeography%2Farticles%2Fpersia_became_iran.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karsh-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karsh (2002)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parstimes.com/history/national_security.html">Armed Forces - Historical Background</a> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). parstimes.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 26. prosinca 2019.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Armed+Forces+-+Historical+Background&rft.pub=parstimes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parstimes.com%2Fhistory%2Fnational_security.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Pipes1983" class="citation web cs1">Daniel Pipes. 1983. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danielpipes.org/164/a-border-adrift-origins-of-the-iraq-iran-war">Uzroci iransko-iračkog rata</a> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 26. prosinca 2019.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uzroci+iransko-ira%C4%8Dkog+rata&rft.date=1983&rft.au=Daniel+Pipes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.danielpipes.org%2F164%2Fa-border-adrift-origins-of-the-iraq-iran-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Brogan" class="citation book cs1">Patrick Brogan. <i>World Conflicts: A Comprehensive Guide to World Strife Since 1945</i>. Bloomsbur. London. </cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Conflicts%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide+to+World+Strife+Since+1945.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbur&rft.au=Patrick+Brogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFWagner,_A.,_Cordesman_A._H" class="citation book cs1">Wagner, A., Cordesman A. H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lessonsofmodernw02cord/page/102"><i>Lekcije modernog ratovanja</i></a> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). Westview Press. str. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-8133-0955-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-8133-0955-2"><bdi>978-0-8133-0955-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lekcije+modernog+ratovanja&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-0955-2&rft.au=Wagner%2C+A.%2C+Cordesman+A.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flessonsofmodernw02cord%2Fpage%2F102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iran-resist.org/ir357">22. rujna 1980. - Početak iransko-iračkog rata</a> (<span style="color:#555;">francuski</span>). Iran-resist<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 26. prosinca 2019.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=22.+rujna+1980.+-+Po%C4%8Detak+iransko-ira%C4%8Dkog+rata&rft.pub=Iran-resist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iran-resist.org%2Fir357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFCooper,_Bishop2014" class="citation web cs1">Cooper, Bishop, Thomas; Farzad. 21. veljače 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221222156/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_206.shtml">I Persian Gulf War: Iraqi Invasion of Iran, September 1980</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 21. veljače 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 3. srpnja 2021.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=I+Persian+Gulf+War%3A+Iraqi+Invasion+of+Iran%2C+September+1980&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft.aulast=Cooper%2C+Bishop&rft.aufirst=Thomas%3B+Farzad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acig.org%2Fartman%2Fpublish%2Farticle_206.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: bot: nepoznat status originalnog URL-a (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_bot:_nepoznat_status_originalnog_URL-a" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: bot: nepoznat status originalnog URL-a">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Modern Warfare: Iran–Iraq War</i> (dokumentarni film).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Farrokh, Kaveh, <i>Iran at War: 1500–1988</i>. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN <bdi>978-1-78096-221-4</bdi>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollack, Kenneth M. (2004). "Iraq". <i>Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991</i>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8032-8783-9</bdi>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFMoin1999" class="citation book cs1">Moin, Baqer. 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.hr/books?id=b2OL9IEXaAgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=moin+khomeini&hl=en&ei=xilNTreuMOLj0QHz5ID_Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=martyrdom%20iraq&f=false"><i>Khomeini: Life of Ayatollah</i></a>. St Martin's Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Khomeini%3A+Life+of+Ayatollah&rft.pub=St+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Moin&rft.aufirst=Baqer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.hr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db2OL9IEXaAgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dmoin%2Bkhomeini%26hl%3Den%26ei%3DxilNTreuMOLj0QHz5ID_Bg%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Dsnippet%26q%3Dmartyrdom%2520iraq%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2007" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Ben. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201227/http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/PF-Iran-Iraq.pdf">The Evolution of Iranian Warfighting During Iran - Iraq War</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 29. listopada 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 3. srpnja 2021.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+Iranian+Warfighting+During+Iran+-+Iraq+War&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffmso.leavenworth.army.mil%2Fdocuments%2FPF-Iran-Iraq.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: bot: nepoznat status originalnog URL-a (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_bot:_nepoznat_status_originalnog_URL-a" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: bot: nepoznat status originalnog URL-a">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFAp1982" class="citation news cs1">Ap. 10. lipnja 1982. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/10/world/iraq-vows-to-quit-iran-fight-israel.html">IRAQ VOWS TO QUIT IRAN, FIGHT ISRAEL</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 3. srpnja 2021.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=IRAQ+VOWS+TO+QUIT+IRAN%2C+FIGHT+ISRAEL&rft.date=1982-06-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.au=Ap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F06%2F10%2Fworld%2Firaq-vows-to-quit-iran-fight-israel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFTannerTimes1982" class="citation news cs1">Tanner, Henry; Times, Special To the New York. 22. lipnja 1982. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/22/world/iran-says-iraqis-withdrawal-won-t-end-war.html">IRAN SAYS IRAQIS' WITHDRAWAL WON'T END WAR</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 3. srpnja 2021.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=IRAN+SAYS+IRAQIS%27+WITHDRAWAL+WON%27T+END+WAR&rft.date=1982-06-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Times%2C+Special+To+the+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F06%2F22%2Fworld%2Firan-says-iraqis-withdrawal-won-t-end-war.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFEfraim" class="citation book cs1">Efraim, Karsh. <i>The Iran–Iraq War: 1980–1988</i>. Osprey Publishing. str. 1–8, 12–16, 19–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781349200504" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781349200504"><bdi>9781349200504</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Iran%E2%80%93Iraq+War%3A+1980%E2%80%931988&rft.pages=1-8%2C+12-16%2C+19-82.&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.isbn=9781349200504&rft.aulast=Efraim&rft.aufirst=Karsh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranchamber.com/history/iran_iraq_war/iran_iraq_war1.php">Iran Chamber Society: History of Iran: Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988</a>. <i>www.iranchamber.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 3. srpnja 2021.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iranchamber.com&rft.atitle=Iran+Chamber+Society%3A+History+of+Iran%3A+Iran-Iraq+War+1980-1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranchamber.com%2Fhistory%2Firan_iraq_war%2Firan_iraq_war1.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2002" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Scott. Lipanj 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130413142907/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA405987">THE BATTLE OF AL-KHAFJI</a>. <i>diplomski rad na Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA405987">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 13. travnja 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 3. srpnja 2021.</span> Prenosi Wayback Machine</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=diplomski+rad+na+Naval+Postgraduate+School%2C+Monterey%2C+California&rft.atitle=THE+BATTLE+OF+AL-KHAFJI&rft.date=2002-06&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dtic.mil%2Fcgi-bin%2FGetTRDoc%3FAD%3DADA405987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFFarrokh" class="citation book cs1">Farrokh, Kaveh. <i>Iran at War: 1500–1988</i>. Osprey Publishing. Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-78096-221-4" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-78096-221-4"><bdi>978-1-78096-221-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran+at+War%3A+1500%E2%80%931988.&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.isbn=978-1-78096-221-4&rft.aulast=Farrokh&rft.aufirst=Kaveh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFFineman1990" class="citation news cs1">Fineman, Mark. 14. studenoga 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-08-14-wr-831-story.html">Documentary : Madness in the Marshes: Hussein’s Last War : The Iraqi leader’s tactics were surgically precise in the spring of 1984. Thousands of Iranian troops paid the ultimate price</a>. <i>LA TImes</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 4. srpnja 2021.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LA+TImes&rft.atitle=Documentary+%3A+Madness+in+the+Marshes%3A+Hussein%E2%80%99s+Last+War+%3A+The+Iraqi+leader%E2%80%99s+tactics+were+surgically+precise+in+the+spring+of+1984.+Thousands+of+Iranian+troops+paid+the+ultimate+price.&rft.date=1990-11-14&rft.aulast=Fineman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1990-08-14-wr-831-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFBlanche2018" class="citation news cs1">Blanche, Ed. 25. ožujka 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thearabweekly.com/how-saddams-war-cities-spawned-irans-missile-drive">How Saddam’s ‘War of the Cities’ spawned Iran’s missile drive</a>. <i>The Arab Weekly</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 25. ožujka 2021.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Arab+Weekly&rft.atitle=How+Saddam%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%98War+of+the+Cities%E2%80%99+spawned+Iran%E2%80%99s+missile+drive&rft.date=2018-03-25&rft.aulast=Blanche&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthearabweekly.com%2Fhow-saddams-war-cities-spawned-irans-missile-drive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AIransko-ira%C4%8Dki+rat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=1291">Iraqgate: Confession and Cover-Up</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Uredi odlomak: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=18" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Literatura"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Efraim Karsh - <i>"The Iran-Iraq War 1980 - 1988."</i>, Osprey Publishing, 2002, <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_knji%C5%BEni_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni knjižni broj">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/1-84176-371-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/1-84176-371-3">1-84176-371-3</a></li> <li>Stephen C. Pelletiere - <i>"The Iran - Iraq war: Chaos in a vacuum"</i>, Praeger, 1992, <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_knji%C5%BEni_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni knjižni broj">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-275-93843-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-275-93843-3">0-275-93843-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat&action=edit&section=19" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Logotip Zajedničkog poslužitelja"><img alt="Logotip Zajedničkog poslužitelja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption>Logotip Zajedničkog poslužitelja</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica?uselang=hr">Zajednički poslužitelj</a> ima još gradiva o temi <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iran-Iraq_War?uselang=hr">Iransko-irački rat</a></b></i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8979584909588245820&hl=hr#">Dokumentarac o ratu</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090624230350/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8979584909588245820">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 24. lipnja 2009. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laweekly.com/news/news/made-in-the-usa-part-iii-the-dishonor-roll/2889/">Lista kompanija i zemalja koje su prodale kemijska oružja Iraku</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070213225751/http://www.laweekly.com/news/news/made-in-the-usa-part-iii-the-dishonor-roll/2889/">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 13. veljače 2007. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/ref/iran-iraq_war">Opširnije o ratu, s linkovima</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060425185538/http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/ref/iran-iraq_war">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 25. travnja 2006. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ogrish.com/archives/footage_from_iraniraq_war_Oct_06_2005.html">Video snimke rata</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rotten.com/library/history/war/wmd/chemical-weapons/nerve-agents/">Irački nervni agensi</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703210534/http://www.rotten.com/library/history/war/wmd/chemical-weapons/nerve-agents/">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 3. srpnja 2007. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li>Paul Reynolds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3324053.stm">'Kako je Sadam osramotio Zapad'</a>, <i>BBC</i>, <a href="/wiki/16._prosinca" title="16. prosinca">16. prosinca</a> <a href="/wiki/2003." title="2003.">2003.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/iraniraq.htm">Globalna karta zemalja koje su stale na stranu u Iračko-iranskom ratu</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iransko-irački_rat&oldid=7012785">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iransko-irački_rat&oldid=7012785</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat" title="Kategorija:Iransko-irački rat">Iransko-irački rat</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrivene kategorije: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_upotrebe_(engleski)" title="Kategorija:CS1 upotrebe (engleski)">CS1 upotrebe (engleski)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_upotrebe_(francuski)" title="Kategorija:CS1 upotrebe (francuski)">CS1 upotrebe (francuski)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_bot:_nepoznat_status_originalnog_URL-a" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: bot: nepoznat status originalnog URL-a">CS1 održavanje: bot: nepoznat status originalnog URL-a</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 30. kolovoza 2024. u 09:58.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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