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Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 gjuhë</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Irakse_Oorlog" title="Iran-Irakse Oorlog – afrikanisht" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Iran-Irakse Oorlog" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të mirë"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="حرب الخليج الأولى – arabisht" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرب الخليج الأولى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="حرب الخليج الاولانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حرب الخليج الاولانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Ir%C3%A1n-Iraq" title="Guerra Irán-Iraq – asturisht" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guerra Irán-Iraq" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran%E2%80%93%C4%B0raq_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99si" title="İran–İraq müharibəsi – azerbajxhanisht" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İran–İraq müharibəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajxhanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="ایران عیراق ساواشی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایران عیراق ساواشی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A1_%D2%BB%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Иран-Ираҡ һуғышы – bashkirisht" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иран-Ираҡ һуғышы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkirisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerang_Iran-Iraq" title="Gerang Iran-Iraq – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gerang Iran-Iraq" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ірана-іракская вайна – bjellorusisht" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ірана-іракская вайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjellorusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ірака-іранская вайна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ірака-іранская вайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ирано-иракска война – bullgarisht" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ирано-иракска война" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bullgarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E2%80%93%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" title="ইরাক–ইরান যুদ্ধ – bengalisht" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইরাক–ইরান যুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat" title="Iransko-irački rat – boshnjakisht" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Iransko-irački rat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="boshnjakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Iran-Iraq" title="Guerra Iran-Iraq – katalonisht" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guerra Iran-Iraq" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D8%B9%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="شەڕی ئێران و عێراق – kurdishte qendrore" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەڕی ئێران و عێراق" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdishte qendrore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1cko-%C3%ADr%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="Irácko-íránská válka – çekisht" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Irácko-íránská válka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyfel_Irac_ac_Iran" title="Rhyfel Irac ac Iran – uellsisht" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyfel Irac ac Iran" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="uellsisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Irak-krigen" title="Iran-Irak-krigen – danisht" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Iran-Irak-krigen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erster_Golfkrieg" title="Erster Golfkrieg – gjermanisht" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erster Golfkrieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="gjermanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%A4%DE%AA_%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%8E%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%A6" title="އީރާން އިރާޤު ހަނގުރާމަ – divehisht" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އީރާން އިރާޤު ހަނގުރާމަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD-%CE%99%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA" title="Πόλεμος Ιράν-Ιράκ – greqisht" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πόλεμος Ιράν-Ιράκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War – anglisht" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iran–Iraq War" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraka_Milito" title="Iran–Iraka Milito – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Iran–Iraka Milito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_entre_Ir%C3%A1n_e_Irak" title="Guerra entre Irán e Irak – spanjisht" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra entre Irán e Irak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraani-Iraagi_s%C3%B5da" title="Iraani-Iraagi sõda – estonisht" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iraani-Iraagi sõda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Irak_Gerra" title="Iran-Irak Gerra – baskisht" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iran-Irak Gerra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="جنگ ایران و عراق – persisht" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ ایران و عراق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irakin%E2%80%93Iranin_sota" title="Irakin–Iranin sota – finlandisht" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Irakin–Iranin sota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%ADggi%C3%B0_%C3%ADmillum_Iran_og_Irak" title="Kríggið ímillum Iran og Irak – faroisht" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kríggið ímillum Iran og Irak" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_Iran-Irak" title="Guerre Iran-Irak – frëngjisht" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre Iran-Irak" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frëngjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogadh_Iar%C3%A1in_-_Iar%C3%A1ic" title="Cogadh Iaráin - Iaráic – irlandisht" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cogadh Iaráin - Iaráic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F%E2%80%93%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7" title="מלחמת איראן–עיראק – hebraisht" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת איראן–עיראק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="ईरान-इराक़ युद्ध – indisht" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ईरान-इराक़ युद्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="indisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iransko-ira%C4%8Dki_rat" title="Iransko-irački rat – kroatisht" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Iransko-irački rat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak%E2%80%93ir%C3%A1ni_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BA" title="Irak–iráni háború – hungarisht" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Irak–iráni háború" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6-%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Իրան-իրաքյան պատերազմ – armenisht" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իրան-իրաքյան պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Iran%E2%80%93Irak" title="Perang Iran–Irak – indonezisht" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Iran–Irak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milito_Iran-Irak" title="Milito Iran-Irak – idoisht" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Milito Iran-Irak" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të mirë"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%AD%C3%B0_%C3%8Draks_og_%C3%8Drans" title="Stríð Íraks og Írans – islandisht" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stríð Íraks og Írans" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Iran-Iraq" title="Guerra Iran-Iraq – italisht" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerra Iran-Iraq" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89" title="イラン・イラク戦争 – japonisht" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イラン・イラク戦争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ირან-ერაყის ომი – gjeorgjisht" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ირან-ერაყის ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gjeorgjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80-%EC%9D%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%81%AC_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="이란-이라크 전쟁 – koreanisht" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이란-이라크 전쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_%C3%8Eran_%C3%BB_Iraq%C3%AA" title="Şerê Îran û Iraqê – kurdisht" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şerê Îran û Iraqê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%83" title="Иран-ирак согушу – kirgizisht" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иран-ирак согушу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primum_bellum_sinus_Persici" title="Primum bellum sinus Persici – latinisht" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Primum bellum sinus Persici" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irako%E2%80%93Irano_karas" title="Irako–Irano karas – lituanisht" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Irako–Irano karas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C4%81nas%E2%80%94Ir%C4%81kas_kar%C5%A1" title="Irānas—Irākas karš – letonisht" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Irānas—Irākas karš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB-%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82" title="ഇറാൻ-ഇറാഖ് യുദ്ധം – malajalamisht" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇറാൻ-ഇറാഖ് യുദ്ധം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Иран-Иракийн дайн – mongolisht" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иран-Иракийн дайн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E2%80%93%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="इराण–इराक युद्ध – maratisht" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इराण–इराक युद्ध" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Iran-Iraq" title="Perang Iran-Iraq – malajisht" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Iran-Iraq" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA-%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2" title="အီရန်-အီရတ်စစ်ပွဲ – birmanisht" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီရန်-အီရတ်စစ်ပွဲ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="इरान-इराक युद्ध – nepalisht" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इरान-इराक युद्ध" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak-Iranoorlog" title="Irak-Iranoorlog – holandisht" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Irak-Iranoorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak-Irankrigen" title="Irak-Irankrigen – norvegjishte nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Irak-Irankrigen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të mirë"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Irak-krigen" title="Iran–Irak-krigen – norvegjishte letrare" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Iran–Irak-krigen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte letrare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Iran-Iraq" title="Guèrra Iran-Iraq – oksitanisht" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guèrra Iran-Iraq" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8-%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7" title="ਇਰਾਨ-ਇਰਾਕ ਯੁੱਧ – punxhabisht" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਰਾਨ-ਇਰਾਕ ਯੁੱਧ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punxhabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojna_iracko-ira%C5%84ska" title="Wojna iracko-irańska – polonisht" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wojna iracko-irańska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ایران عراق جنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایران عراق جنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="د ایران او عراق جګړه – pashtoisht" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ایران او عراق جګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashtoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Ir%C3%A3-Iraque" title="Guerra Irã-Iraque – portugalisht" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra Irã-Iraque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Iran-Irak" title="Războiul Iran-Irak – rumanisht" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Războiul Iran-Irak" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ирано-иракская война – rusisht" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ирано-иракская война" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War – skotisht" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Iran–Iraq War" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira%C4%8Dko-iranski_rat" title="Iračko-iranski rat – serbo-kroatisht" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Iračko-iranski rat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iran–Iraq War" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1nsko-irack%C3%A1_vojna" title="Iránsko-iracká vojna – sllovakisht" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Iránsko-iracká vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="sllovakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iransko-ira%C5%A1ka_vojna" title="Iransko-iraška vojna – sllovenisht" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Iransko-iraška vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sllovenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_ciraaq_iyo_iiraan" title="Dagaalkii ciraaq iyo iiraan – somalisht" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dagaalkii ciraaq iyo iiraan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ирачко-ирански рат – serbisht" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ирачко-ирански рат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Irak-kriget" title="Iran–Irak-kriget – suedisht" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Iran–Irak-kriget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_kati_ya_Irak_na_Uajemi" title="Vita kati ya Irak na Uajemi – suahilisht" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vita kati ya Irak na Uajemi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E2%80%93_%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஈரான் – ஈராக் போர் – tamilisht" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈரான் – ஈராக் போர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BE%D2%9B" title="Ҷанги Эрон ва Ироқ – taxhikisht" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷанги Эрон ва Ироқ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxhikisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E2%80%93%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="สงครามอิรัก–อิหร่าน – tajlandisht" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามอิรัก–อิหร่าน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%BDran-Yrak_ur%C5%9Fy" title="Eýran-Yrak urşy – turkmenisht" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Eýran-Yrak urşy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-Iragi_%C4%8Dang" title="Iron-Iragi čang – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Iron-Iragi čang" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak-%C4%B0ran_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Irak-İran Savaşı – turqisht" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Irak-İran Savaşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ірано-іракська війна – ukrainisht" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ірано-іракська війна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ایران عراق جنگ – urduisht" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایران عراق جنگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guera_Iran-Iraq" title="Guera Iran-Iraq – venetisht" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Guera Iran-Iraq" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_Iran_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Chiến tranh Iran – Iraq – vietnamisht" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến tranh Iran – Iraq" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E4%BC%8A%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="两伊战争 – kinezishte vu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="两伊战争" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="kinezishte vu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94" title="איראן-איראק מלחמה – jidisht" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איראן-איראק מלחמה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të mirë"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E4%BC%8A%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="两伊战争 – kinezisht" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="两伊战争" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E4%BC%8A%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="兩伊戰爭 – kantonezisht" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="兩伊戰爭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82664#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Përpunoni lidhje ndërgjuhësore" class="wbc-editpage">Përpunoni lidhje</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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Ushtar iranian i veshur me një maskë gazi (djathtas lart); Pamja e tremujorit të portit të <i>USS Stark</i> që renditet në port pasi u godit gabimisht nga një avion luftarak irakian (në mes të majtë); Forcat pro-Irakut PMOI të vrarë në Operacionin Mersad (në mes të djathtë); Të burgosurit irakianë të luftës pas rimarrjes së Khorramshahrit nga iranianët (poshtë majtas); ZU-23-2 duke u përdorur nga ushtria iraniane (poshtë djathtas).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lufta Iran-Irak</b> apo <b>Lufta e Parë e Gjirit</b> ishte një <a href="/wiki/Lufta" title="Lufta">konflikt i armatosur</a> midis <a href="/wiki/Irani" title="Irani">Iranit</a> dhe <a href="/wiki/Iraku" title="Iraku">Irakut</a> që zgjati nga shtatori 1980 deri në gusht 1988. </p><p>Ajo filloi me pushtimin irakian të Iranit dhe zgjati për gati 8 vjet, deri në pranimin e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rezoluta_598_e_K%C3%ABshillit_t%C3%AB_Sigurimit_t%C3%AB_Kombeve_t%C3%AB_Bashkuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rezoluta 598 e Këshillit të Sigurimit të Kombeve të Bashkuara (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Rezolutës 598 të Këshillit të Sigurimit të Kombeve të Bashkuara</a> nga të dyja palët. Arsyeja kryesore e Irakut për sulmin kundër Iranit përmendi nevojën për të parandaluar <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Homeini" title="Ruhollah Homeini">Ruhollah Homeinin</a> – i cili kishte udhëhequr <a href="/wiki/Revolucioni_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolucioni Islam">Revolucionin Islamik</a> të Iranit në vitin 1979 – nga eksportimi i ideologjisë së re iraniane në Irak; kishte gjithashtu frikë në mesin e udhëheqjes irakiane të <a href="/wiki/Sadam_Huseini" title="Sadam Huseini">Sadam Huseinit</a> se Irani, një shtet teokratik me një popullsi të përbërë kryesisht nga <a href="/wiki/Mysliman" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysliman">mysliman</a>ë shiitë, do të shfrytëzonte tensionet sektare në Irak duke mbledhur shumicën <a href="/wiki/Islami_Shi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Islami Shi'i">shiite</a> të Irakut kundër qeverisë baʽathiste, e cila ishte zyrtarisht <a href="/wiki/Laicizmi" title="Laicizmi">laike</a> dhe e dominuar nga myslimanët <a href="/wiki/Islami_Synit" class="mw-redirect" title="Islami Synit">sunitë</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iraku gjithashtu dëshironte të zëvendësonte Iranin si një lojtar të fuqishëm në <a href="/wiki/Gjiri_Persik" title="Gjiri Persik">Gjirin Persik</a>, i cili nuk shihej si një objektiv i arritshëm përpara Revolucionit Islamik për shkak të epërsisë ekonomike dhe ushtarake të <a href="/wiki/Shteti_Perandorak_i_Iranit" title="Shteti Perandorak i Iranit">Iranit Pehlevi</a>, si dhe marrëdhënieve të tij të ngushta me <a href="/wiki/Shtetet_e_Bashkuara_t%C3%AB_Amerik%C3%ABs" title="Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës">Shtetet e Bashkuara</a> dhe <a href="/wiki/Izraeli" title="Izraeli">Izraelin</a>. </p><p>Lufta Iran-Irak pasoi një histori të gjatë mosmarrëveshjesh kufitare territoriale midis dy shteteve, si rezultat i së cilës Iraku planifikoi të rimarrë bregun lindor të <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatt_el-Arab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shatt el-Arab (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Shatt el-Arab</a> që i kishte dhënë Iranit në <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marr%C3%ABveshja_e_Algjerit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marrëveshja e Algjerit (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Marrëveshjen e Algjerit</a> të vitit 1975. Mbështetja e Irakut për <a href="/wiki/Separatizmi" title="Separatizmi">separatistët</a> arabë në Iran u rrit pas shpërthimit të armiqësive; ndërsa u ngritën pretendime që dyshonin se Iraku po kërkonte të aneksonte provincën <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huzestan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huzestan (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Huzestan</a> të Iranit,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sadam Huseini deklaroi publikisht në nëntor 1980 se Iraku nuk po kërkonte një <a href="/wiki/Aneksimi" title="Aneksimi">aneksim</a> të ndonjë territori iranian.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besohet se Iraku kishte kërkuar të vendoste sundim mbi Huzestanin.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_Iran–Iraq_War_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica_Iran–Iraq_War-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ndërsa udhëheqja irakiane kishte shpresuar të përfitonte nga kaosi post-revolucionar i Iranit dhe priste një fitore vendimtare përballë një Irani të dobësuar rëndë, ushtria irakiane bëri përparim vetëm për tre muaj, dhe deri në dhjetor 1980, pushtimi i Irakut kishte ngecur. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ushtria_iraniane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ushtria iraniane (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Ushtria iraniane</a> filloi të fitonte vrull kundër irakianëve dhe rifitoi pothuajse të gjithë territorin e humbur deri në qershor 1982. Pasi i shtyu forcat irakiane në vijat kufitare të paraluftës, Irani hodhi poshtë Rezolutën 514 të Këshillit të Sigurimit të Kombeve të Bashkuara dhe nisi një pushtim të Irakut. <a href="/wiki/Ofansiva_(ushtarake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofansiva (ushtarake)">Ofensiva</a> e mëvonshme iraniane brenda territorit irakian zgjati për 5 vjet,<sup id="cite_ref-molavi05_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-molavi05-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> me Irakun që mori përsëri iniciativën në mesin e vitit 1988 dhe më pas nisi një seri kundërofensivash të mëdha që përfundimisht çuan në përfundimin e luftës në një ngërç.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tetë vitet e rraskapitjes nga lufta, shkatërrimi ekonomik, ulja e moralit, ngërçi ushtarak, mosveprimi i komunitetit ndërkombëtar ndaj përdorimit të armëve të shkatërrimit në masë nga forcat irakiane ndaj ushtarëve dhe civilëve iranianë, si dhe rritja e tensioneve ushtarake Iran-Shtetet e Bashkuara. arriti kulmin me pranimin nga Irani të një armëpushimi të ndërmjetësuar nga <a href="/wiki/K%C3%ABshilli_i_Sigurimit_i_Organizat%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_Kombeve_t%C3%AB_Bashkuara" title="Këshilli i Sigurimit i Organizatës së Kombeve të Bashkuara">Këshilli i Sigurimit i Kombeve të Bashkuara</a>. Në total, rreth 500.000 njerëz u vranë gjatë Luftës Iran-Irak (me Iranin që mban pjesën më të madhe të viktimave), duke përjashtuar dhjetëra mijëra civilë të vrarë në fushatën e njëkohshme të Anfalit që synoi <a href="/wiki/Rajoni_Kurdistan" title="Rajoni Kurdistan">Kurdistanin irakian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_Iran–Iraq_War2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica_Iran–Iraq_War2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Riedel_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riedel-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Përfundimi i konfliktit nuk rezultoi në reparacione dhe as në ndryshime kufijsh,<sup id="cite_ref-Riedel2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riedel2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dhe humbjet financiare të kombinuara të pësuar nga të dy luftëtarët besohet të kenë kaluar 1 trilion <a href="/wiki/Dollari_i_Shteteve_t%C3%AB_Bashkuara" title="Dollari i Shteteve të Bashkuara">dollarë</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Riedel3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riedel3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kishte një numër forcash përfaqësuese që vepronin për të dy vendet: Iraku dhe milicitë separatiste arabe pro-irakenë në Iran u mbështetën më së shumti nga <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%ABshilli_Komb%C3%ABtar_i_Rezistenc%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_Iranit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Këshilli Kombëtar i Rezistencës së Iranit (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Këshilli Kombëtar i Rezistencës së Iranit</a>; ndërsa Irani rivendosi një aleancë me <a href="/wiki/Kurd%C3%ABt" title="Kurdët">kurdët</a> e Irakut, duke u mbështetur kryesisht nga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partia_Demokratike_e_Kurdistanit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partia Demokratike e Kurdistanit (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Partia Demokratike e Kurdistanit</a> dhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unioni_Patriotik_i_Kurdistanit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unioni Patriotik i Kurdistanit (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Unioni Patriotik i Kurdistanit</a>. Gjatë konfliktit, Iraku mori një <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boll%C3%ABk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bollëk (nuk është shkruar akoma)">bollëk</a> ndihme financiare, politike dhe logjistike nga Shtetet e Bashkuara, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mbret%C3%ABria_e_Bashkuar_e_Britanis%C3%AB_s%C3%AB_Madhe_dhe_Irland%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_Veriut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mbretëria e Bashkuar e Britanisë së Madhe dhe Irlandës së Veriut (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Mbretëria e Bashkuar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bashkimi_Sovjetik" title="Bashkimi Sovjetik">Bashkimi Sovjetik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franca" title="Franca">Franca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jugosllavia" title="Jugosllavia">Jugosllavia</a> dhe shumica dërrmuese e vendeve arabe. Ndërsa Irani ishte relativisht i izoluar në një shkallë të madhe, ai mori një sasi të konsiderueshme ndihme nga <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koreja_e_Veriut" title="Koreja e Veriut">Koreja e Veriut</a>, Izraeli, <a href="/wiki/Pakistani" title="Pakistani">Pakistani</a> dhe <a href="/wiki/Jemeni" title="Jemeni">Jemeni</a> i Jugut. </p><p>Konflikti është krahasuar me Luftën e Parë Botërore për sa i përket taktikave të përdorura nga të dyja palët, duke përfshirë luftën në shkallë të gjerë llogore me <a href="/wiki/Teli_me_gjemba" title="Teli me gjemba">tela me gjemba</a> të shtrira nëpër linjat e fortifikuara mbrojtëse, postat e <a href="/wiki/Mitralozi" title="Mitralozi">mitralozave</a> të drejtuar, sulmet me <a href="/wiki/Bajoneta" title="Bajoneta">bajonetë</a>, sulmet me valë njerëzore iraniane, sulmet e gjera të Irakut. përdorimin e <a href="/wiki/Lufta_kimike" title="Lufta kimike">armëve kimike</a> dhe sulmet e qëllimshme ndaj objektivave civile. Një tipar i dukshëm i luftës ishte lavdërimi i sanksionuar nga shteti i martirizimit midis fëmijëve iranianë; diskurset mbi martirizimin e formuluara në kontekstin <a href="/wiki/Islami" title="Islami">islamik</a> shiit iranian çuan në përdorimin e gjerë të sulmeve me valë njerëzore dhe kështu patën një ndikim të qëndrueshëm në dinamikën e konfliktit.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shiko_edhe">Shiko edhe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lufta_Iran-Irak&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakto pjesën: Shiko edhe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lufta_Iran-Irak&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Shiko edhe"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marr%C3%ABdh%C3%ABniet_Iran-Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marrëdhëniet Iran-Irak (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Marrëdhëniet Iran-Irak</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referime">Referime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lufta_Iran-Irak&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakto pjesën: Referime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lufta_Iran-Irak&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Referime"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2706204">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFReview2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Review, Catholic (2012-01-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archbalt.org/iraqi-christians-were-safer-under-saddam/">"Iraqi Christians were safer under Saddam"</a>. <i>Archdiocese of Baltimore</i> (në anglishte amerikane)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">2022-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archdiocese+of+Baltimore&rft.atitle=Iraqi+Christians+were+safer+under+Saddam&rft.date=2012-01-19&rft.aulast=Review&rft.aufirst=Catholic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archbalt.org%2Firaqi-christians-were-safer-under-saddam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ALufta+Iran-Irak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/opinion/article-704986">"Iraqi Christians want a stronger state and weaker militias - opinion"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com</i> (në anglishte amerikane)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">2022-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%7C+JPost.com&rft.atitle=Iraqi+Christians+want+a+stronger+state+and+weaker+militias+-+opinion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fopinion%2Farticle-704986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ALufta+Iran-Irak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-11669994">"Iraqi Christians' long history"</a>. <i>BBC News</i> (në anglishte britanike). 2010-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">2022-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Iraqi+Christians%27+long+history&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-11669994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ALufta+Iran-Irak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFMurrayWoods2014" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Williamson; Woods, Kevin M. (2014). "A context of 'bitterness and anger'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>The Iran–Iraq War, A Military and Strategic History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. fq. 61–62 (e-book, page numbers approximate). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/9781107062290" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/9781107062290"><bdi>9781107062290</bdi></a>. <q>Certainly Saddam believed that the oil-rich areas of Arabistan (Khuzestan) were within his reach, a goal his intelligence services seemed delighted to further.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+context+of+%27bitterness+and+anger%27&rft.btitle=The+Iran%E2%80%93Iraq+War%2C+A+Military+and+Strategic+History&rft.pages=61-62+%28e-book%2C+page+numbers+approximate%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781107062290&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Williamson&rft.au=Woods%2C+Kevin+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ALufta+Iran-Irak" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Ariane M. Tabatabai, <i>No Conquest, No Defeat: Iran's National Security Strategy</i>, Oxford University Press, 2020, p198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica_Iran–Iraq_War-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_Iran–Iraq_War_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Iran-Iraq-War">"Iran-Iraq War"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">2021-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Iran-Iraq+War&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FIran-Iraq-War&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ALufta+Iran-Irak" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Stampa:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-molavi05-7"><a href="#cite_ref-molavi05_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFMolavi2005" class="citation book cs1">Molavi, Afshin (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/soulofirannation0000mola"><i>The Soul of Iran: A Nation's Journey to Freedom</i></a> (bot. Revised). England: W. W. Norton & Company. fq. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/soulofirannation0000mola/page/n177">152</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-393-32597-3" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-393-32597-3"><bdi>978-0-393-32597-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soul+of+Iran%3A+A+Nation%27s+Journey+to+Freedom&rft.place=England&rft.pages=152&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-393-32597-3&rft.aulast=Molavi&rft.aufirst=Afshin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsoulofirannation0000mola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ALufta+Iran-Irak" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFSegal2009" class="citation journal cs1">Segal, David (28 janar 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/1988-06-01/iran-iraq-war-military-analysis">"The Iran-Iraq War: A Military Analysis"</a>. <i>Foreign Affairs</i> – nëpërmjet www.foreignaffairs.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Iran-Iraq+War%3A+A+Military+Analysis&rft.date=2009-01-28&rft.aulast=Segal&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Firan%2F1988-06-01%2Firan-iraq-war-military-analysis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ALufta+Iran-Irak" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica_Iran–Iraq_War2-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_Iran–Iraq_War2_9-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Iran-Iraq-War">"Iran-Iraq War"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">2021-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Iran-Iraq+War&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FIran-Iraq-War&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ALufta+Iran-Irak" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Stampa:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riedel-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Riedel_10-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFRiedel2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_Riedel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce Riedel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Riedel, Bruce</a> (2012). "Foreword". <i>Becoming Enemies: U.S.-Iran Relations and the Iran-Iraq War, 1979-1988</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowman_%26_Littlefield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowman & Littlefield (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Rowman & Littlefield</a> Publishers. fq. ix. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-4422-0830-8" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-4422-0830-8"><bdi>978-1-4422-0830-8</bdi></a>. <q>The Iran–Iraq War was devastating—one of the largest and longest conventional interstate wars since the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean War (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Korean conflict</a> ended in 1953. A half million lives were lost, perhaps another million were injured, and the economic cost was over a trillion dollars. ... the battle lines at the end of the war were almost exactly where they were at the beginning of hostilities. It was also the only war in modern times in which chemical weapons were used on a massive scale. ... The Iranians call the war the 'imposed war' because they believe the United States imposed it on them and orchestrated the global 'tilt' toward Iraq in the war.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Foreword&rft.btitle=Becoming+Enemies%3A+U.S.-Iran+Relations+and+the+Iran-Iraq+War%2C+1979-1988&rft.pages=ix&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-0830-8&rft.aulast=Riedel&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ALufta+Iran-Irak" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riedel2-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Riedel2_11-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFRiedel2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_Riedel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce Riedel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Riedel, Bruce</a> (2012). "Foreword". <i>Becoming Enemies: U.S.-Iran Relations and the Iran-Iraq War, 1979-1988</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowman_%26_Littlefield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowman & Littlefield (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Rowman & Littlefield</a> Publishers. fq. ix. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-4422-0830-8" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-4422-0830-8"><bdi>978-1-4422-0830-8</bdi></a>. <q>The Iran–Iraq War was devastating—one of the largest and longest conventional interstate wars since the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean War (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Korean conflict</a> ended in 1953. A half million lives were lost, perhaps another million were injured, and the economic cost was over a trillion dollars. ... the battle lines at the end of the war were almost exactly where they were at the beginning of hostilities. It was also the only war in modern times in which chemical weapons were used on a massive scale. ... The Iranians call the war the 'imposed war' because they believe the United States imposed it on them and orchestrated the global 'tilt' toward Iraq in the war.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Foreword&rft.btitle=Becoming+Enemies%3A+U.S.-Iran+Relations+and+the+Iran-Iraq+War%2C+1979-1988&rft.pages=ix&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-0830-8&rft.aulast=Riedel&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ALufta+Iran-Irak" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riedel3-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Riedel3_12-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFRiedel2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_Riedel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce Riedel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Riedel, Bruce</a> (2012). "Foreword". <i>Becoming Enemies: U.S.-Iran Relations and the Iran-Iraq War, 1979-1988</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowman_%26_Littlefield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowman & Littlefield (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Rowman & Littlefield</a> Publishers. fq. ix. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-4422-0830-8" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-4422-0830-8"><bdi>978-1-4422-0830-8</bdi></a>. <q>The Iran–Iraq War was devastating—one of the largest and longest conventional interstate wars since the <a href="/wiki/Lufta_Koreane" title="Lufta Koreane">Korean conflict</a> ended in 1953. A half million lives were lost, perhaps another million were injured, and the economic cost was over a trillion dollars. ... the battle lines at the end of the war were almost exactly where they were at the beginning of hostilities. It was also the only war in modern times in which chemical weapons were used on a massive scale. ... The Iranians call the war the 'imposed war' because they believe the United States imposed it on them and orchestrated the global 'tilt' toward Iraq in the war.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Foreword&rft.btitle=Becoming+Enemies%3A+U.S.-Iran+Relations+and+the+Iran-Iraq+War%2C+1979-1988&rft.pages=ix&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-0830-8&rft.aulast=Riedel&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ALufta+Iran-Irak" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Gölz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/39134486/Gölz_Martyrdom_and_Masculinity_in_Warring_Iran_The_Karbala_Paradigm_the_Heroic_and_the_Personal_Dimensions_of_War_Behemoth_12_no_1_2019_35_51">"Martyrdom and Masculinity in Warring Iran. The Karbala Paradigm, the Heroic, and the Personal Dimensions of War."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190517122543/https://www.academia.edu/39134486/G%C3%B6lz_Martyrdom_and_Masculinity_in_Warring_Iran_The_Karbala_Paradigm_the_Heroic_and_the_Personal_Dimensions_of_War._Behemoth_12_no._1_2019_35_51">Arkivuar</a> 17 maj 2019 tek Wayback Machine, Behemoth 12, no. 1 (2019): 35–51, 35.</span> </li> </ol></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Marrë nga "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lufta_Iran-Irak&oldid=2673336">https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lufta_Iran-Irak&oldid=2673336</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:Kategorit%C3%AB" title="Speciale:Kategoritë">Kategoritë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Gabime_CS1:_Mungon_parametri_i_gjuh%C3%ABs" title="Kategoria:Gabime CS1: Mungon parametri i gjuhës">Gabime CS1: Mungon parametri i gjuhës</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Luft%C3%ABra" title="Kategoria:Luftëra">Luftëra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Iran" title="Kategoria:Iran">Iran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Irak" title="Kategoria:Irak">Irak</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori të fshehura: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Vetit%C3%AB_CS1:_Burime_n%C3%AB_anglishte_amerikane_(en-us)" title="Kategoria:Vetitë CS1: Burime në anglishte amerikane (en-us)">Vetitë CS1: Burime në anglishte amerikane (en-us)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Vetit%C3%AB_CS1:_Burime_n%C3%AB_anglishte_britanike_(en-gb)" title="Kategoria:Vetitë CS1: Burime në anglishte britanike (en-gb)">Vetitë CS1: Burime në anglishte britanike (en-gb)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Faqe_me_adresa_nga_Wayback_Machine_q%C3%AB_p%C3%ABrdorin_stamp%C3%ABn_e_arkiv%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_rrjetit" title="Kategoria:Faqe me adresa nga Wayback Machine që përdorin stampën e arkivës së rrjetit">Faqe me adresa nga Wayback Machine që përdorin stampën e arkivës së rrjetit</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Kjo faqe është redaktuar për herë te fundit më 30 qershor 2024, në orën 04:11.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Të gjitha materialet që gjenden në këtë faqë janë të mbrojtura nga <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License</a>;. 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