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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <b>war crime apology</b> is a legal concept and a criminal offense based on the promotion and justification of <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_crime_apologia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The glorification of war crimes and crimes against humanity are distinct offenses but both are prohibited by article 24, paragraph 5, of the law of July 29, 1881: </p> <blockquote><p>Will be punished with the same penalty [five years' imprisonment and a fine of 45,000 euros] those who ... have advocated the crimes referred to in the first paragraph, war crimes, crimes against humanity, crimes of enslavement or exploitation of a person reduced to slavery or crimes and misdemeanors of collaboration with the enemy, including if these crimes have not given rise to the conviction of their perpetrators<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-actud_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-actud-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The definition of an "apology" is not specified. It may be the desire to justify a crime, which is not to be confused with praise or provocation (incitement) to commit this crime: "it is enough that such remarks, once projected into the future , encourage people to pass a favorable judgment on crimes of this nature."<sup id="cite_ref-francillon_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-francillon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_crime_apologia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000877119/">"Loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la liberté de la presse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gifrance" title="Légifrance">Légifrance</a></i>. July 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%C3%A9gifrance&rft.atitle=Loi+du+29+juillet+1881+sur+la+libert%C3%A9+de+la+presse&rft.date=2021-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2Floda%2Fid%2FJORFTEXT000000877119%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+crime+apologia" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-actud-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-actud_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.actualitesdudroit.fr/browse/penal/droit-penal-special/13840/l-apologie-de-crimes-de-guerre-et-de-crimes-contre-l-humanite-sont-des-delits-distincts">"L'apologie de crimes de guerre et de crimes contre l'humanité sont des délits distincts"</a>. <i>actualitesdudroit.fr</i>. May 31, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=actualitesdudroit.fr&rft.atitle=L%27apologie+de+crimes+de+guerre+et+de+crimes+contre+l%27humanit%C3%A9+sont+des+d%C3%A9lits+distincts&rft.date=2018-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.actualitesdudroit.fr%2Fbrowse%2Fpenal%2Fdroit-penal-special%2F13840%2Fl-apologie-de-crimes-de-guerre-et-de-crimes-contre-l-humanite-sont-des-delits-distincts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+crime+apologia" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-francillon-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-francillon_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Francillon2013" class="citation book cs1">Jacques Francillon (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-de-science-criminelle-et-de-droit-penal-compare-2013-1-page-99.htm">"Apologie de crimes contre l'humanité. Absence de portée normative de la loi "Taubira" du 21 mai 2001"</a>. <i>Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apologie+de+crimes+contre+l%27humanit%C3%A9.+Absence+de+port%C3%A9e+normative+de+la+loi+%22Taubira%22+du+21+mai+2001&rft.btitle=Revue+de+science+criminelle+et+de+droit+p%C3%A9nal+compar%C3%A9&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Jacques+Francillon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairn.info%2Frevue-de-science-criminelle-et-de-droit-penal-compare-2013-1-page-99.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+crime+apologia" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_crimes" title="Template:War crimes"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_crimes" title="Template talk:War crimes"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_crimes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War crimes"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_crimes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">War crimes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_war_crimes" title="List of war crimes">List of war crimes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">International<br />humanitarian law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sources_of_international_law" title="Sources of international law">Sources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieber_Code" title="Lieber Code">Lieber Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Declaration_of_1868" title="Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868">Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Protocol" title="Geneva Protocol">Geneva Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1864_Geneva_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1864 Geneva Convention">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Geneva_Convention" title="First Geneva Convention">First (1949)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Geneva_Convention" title="Second Geneva Convention">Second (1949)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Geneva_Convention" title="Third Geneva Convention">Third (1949)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention" title="Fourth Geneva Convention">Fourth (1949)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_I" title="Protocol I">Protocol I (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_II" title="Protocol II">Protocol II (1977)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsibility_to_protect" title="Responsibility to protect">Responsibility to protect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute" title="Rome Statute">Rome Statute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civilian" title="Civilian">Civilians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-combatant" title="Non-combatant">non-combatants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_casualty" title="Civilian casualty">Civilian casualties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_responsibility" title="Command responsibility">Command responsibility</a> / <a href="/wiki/Superior_orders" title="Superior orders">Superior orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distinction_(law)" title="Distinction (law)">Distinction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hors_de_combat" title="Hors de combat">Hors de combat</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intention_(criminal_law)" title="Intention (criminal law)">Intent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_criminal_enterprise" title="Joint criminal enterprise">Joint criminal enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_neutrality" title="Medical neutrality">Medical neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_necessity" title="Military necessity">Military necessity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">Prisoners of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proportionality_(law)" title="Proportionality (law)">Proportionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_persons" title="Protected persons">Protected persons</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ruse_de_guerre" title="Ruse de guerre">Ruse de guerre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_conduct" title="Safe conduct">Safe conduct</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">War crimes by type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Attacks on <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_humanitarian_workers" title="Attacks on humanitarian workers">humanitarian workers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_parachutists" title="Attacks on parachutists">parachutists</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_military" title="Children in the military">Child soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">Collective punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_order_(international_law)" title="Criminal order (international law)">Criminal orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_flights" title="Death flights">Death flights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_march" title="Death march">Death marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desecration_of_graves" class="mw-redirect" title="Desecration of graves">Desecration of graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_healthcare_system" title="Destruction of the healthcare system">Destruction of the healthcare system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearance" title="Enforced disappearance">Enforced disappearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">Extrajudicial killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostage" title="Hostage">Hostage-taking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trophy_collecting" title="Human trophy collecting">Human trophy collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiscriminate_attack" title="Indiscriminate attack">Indiscriminate attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">Looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre" title="Massacre">Massacres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_killing" title="Mass killing">Mass killings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_quarter" title="No quarter">No quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfidy" title="Perfidy">Perfidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starvation_(crime)" title="Starvation (crime)">Starvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_shield_(law)" title="Human shield (law)">Use of human shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_sexual_violence" title="Wartime sexual violence">Wartime sexual violence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">War crimes<br />committed by...</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_war_crimes" title="Croatian war crimes">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes" title="German war crimes">Germany</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes" title="Israeli war crimes">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_war_crimes" title="Hamas war crimes">Hamas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_war_crimes" title="Russian war crimes">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_war_crimes" title="Serbian war crimes">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_war_crimes" title="Turkish war crimes">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_war_crimes" title="United Arab Emirates war crimes">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes" title="British war crimes">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes" title="United States war crimes">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">War crimes by war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_Afghanistan" title="War crimes in Afghanistan">Afghanistan wars</a></li> <li>2nd <a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War_crimes_and_terrorism" title="Second Chechen War crimes and terrorism">Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Iraq_War" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes in the Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Korean_War" title="War crimes in the Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_2006_Lebanon_War" title="War crimes in the 2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Human rights violations during the Libyan civil war (2011)">Libyan civil war</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_during_the_Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="War crimes during the Myanmar civil war (2021–present)">Myanmar civil war</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second war</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="War crimes in the Gaza War (2008–2009)">2008–2009</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="War crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">2023–present</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">by Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gaza_Strip_healthcare_collapse" title="Timeline of the Gaza Strip healthcare collapse">Destruction of the healthcare system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Destruction of cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli figures">ICC arrest warrants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_health_facilities_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Attacks on health facilities during the Israel–Hamas war">health facilities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel%27s_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories">in the occupied Palestinian territories</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Atrocity_crimes_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Atrocity crimes during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">2nd Sino-Japanese War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_Manchukuo" title="War crimes in Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_during_the_final_stages_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="War crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="War crimes during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="War crimes in the Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Tigray_war" title="War crimes in the Tigray war">Tigray war‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_I" title="War crimes in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">World War II</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_war_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis war crimes">Axis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="War crimes in the Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Yugoslav_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes in the Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Kosovo_War" title="War crimes in the Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_trial" title="War crimes trial">War crimes trials</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War crime apologia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_global_issues" title="List of global issues">List of global issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-conflict_reception_of_war_criminals" title="Post-conflict reception of war criminals">Post-conflict reception of war criminals</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Other_international_crimes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Other <a href="/wiki/International_criminal_law" title="International criminal law">international crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atrocity_crime" title="Atrocity crime">Atrocity crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crimes against humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_aggression" title="Crime of aggression">Crimes of aggression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>‡ Does not apply to <a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">airborne forces</a> (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Paratrooper" title="Paratrooper">paratroopers</a>) <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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