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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bastion_Point&params=36_50_39_S_174_49_27_E_region:NZ-AUK_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°50′39″S</span> <span class="longitude">174°49′27″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.84417°S 174.82417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-36.84417; 174.82417</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Area of coastal land in Auckland, New Zealand</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1095843157">.mw-parser-output .ib-landform{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform td,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .infobox-subheader{background-color:#e7dcc3;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-landform vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Takaparawhau / Bastion Point</div> <div class="nickname ib-landform-native"><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Takaparawhau</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Headland</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fishing_Fish_Off_Bastion_Point,_Auckland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Takaparawhau / Bastion Point seen from the fishing pier jutting out into the Waitematā Harbour."><img alt="Takaparawhau / Bastion Point seen from the fishing pier jutting out into the Waitematā Harbour." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fishing_Fish_Off_Bastion_Point%2C_Auckland.jpg/250px-Fishing_Fish_Off_Bastion_Point%2C_Auckland.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fishing_Fish_Off_Bastion_Point%2C_Auckland.jpg/375px-Fishing_Fish_Off_Bastion_Point%2C_Auckland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fishing_Fish_Off_Bastion_Point%2C_Auckland.jpg/500px-Fishing_Fish_Off_Bastion_Point%2C_Auckland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="ib-landform-caption">Takaparawhau / Bastion Point seen from the fishing pier jutting out into the Waitematā Harbour.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland_Council_2019_Wards_Outlined_Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Takaparawhau / Bastion Point is located in Auckland"><img alt="Takaparawhau / Bastion Point is located in Auckland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Auckland_Council_2019_Wards_Outlined_Blank.png/250px-Auckland_Council_2019_Wards_Outlined_Blank.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Auckland_Council_2019_Wards_Outlined_Blank.png/375px-Auckland_Council_2019_Wards_Outlined_Blank.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Auckland_Council_2019_Wards_Outlined_Blank.png/500px-Auckland_Council_2019_Wards_Outlined_Blank.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.531%;left:47.226%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Takaparawhau / Bastion Point"><img alt="Takaparawhau / Bastion Point" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Takaparawhau / Bastion Point</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Auckland</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bastion_Point&params=36_50_39_S_174_49_27_E_region:NZ-AUK_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°50′39″S</span> <span class="longitude">174°49′27″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.84417°S 174.82417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-36.84417; 174.82417</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei" title="Ōrākei">Ōrākei</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Offshore water bodies</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Takaparawhau</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whenua_Ranratira,Orakei_Marae_(12023071354).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Whenua_Ranratira%2COrakei_Marae_%2812023071354%29.jpg/220px-Whenua_Ranratira%2COrakei_Marae_%2812023071354%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Whenua_Ranratira%2COrakei_Marae_%2812023071354%29.jpg/330px-Whenua_Ranratira%2COrakei_Marae_%2812023071354%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Whenua_Ranratira%2COrakei_Marae_%2812023071354%29.jpg/440px-Whenua_Ranratira%2COrakei_Marae_%2812023071354%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4716" data-file-height="2871" /></a><figcaption>The entrance to Ōrākei Marae, the cultural hub for Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Takaparawhau / Bastion Point</b> is a coastal piece of land in <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei" title="Ōrākei">Ōrākei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, New Zealand, overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a>. The area is significant in New Zealand history as the site of protests in the late 1970s by <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> against forced <a href="/wiki/Alienation_(property_law)" title="Alienation (property law)">land alienation</a> by <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a> (European settlers).<sup id="cite_ref-TE_ARA1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TE_ARA1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Takaparawhau is now the site of the private Ōrākei <a href="/wiki/Marae" title="Marae">Marae</a>, the public Michael Joseph Savage Memorial, and privately-owned reserve land that is accessible to the public. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming">Naming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastion_Point&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Māori originally named the eastern point of the area Kohimarama, meaning to collect the remnants / wood chips, and the western point was named Takaparawhau. <a href="/wiki/Felton_Mathew" title="Felton Mathew">Felton Mathew</a> changed the name of Kohimarama to South Head. Just off that point was Bastion Rock, which was levelled and is now the site of the Tamaki Yacht Club.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bastion Point became the common Pākehā name for the site encompassing both points. The nearby beach named Waiparera by Māori was changed to <a href="/wiki/Kohimarama" title="Kohimarama">Kohimarama</a> Beach by Pākehā. <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua_%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei" title="Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei">Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei</a>, who own most of the land again, call it Takaparawhau, which, along with Ōkahu Bay, form Whenua Rangatira, which is vested in Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei for the common use and benefit of Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei and citizens of Auckland, and is managed by the Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Reserves Board.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The public land containing the Michael Joseph Savage Memorial and Fort Britomart tunnels is not owned by the hapū, who refer to it as Kohimarama, while <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Council" title="Auckland Council">Auckland Council</a> now call it Takaparawhau.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastion_Point&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orakei_Marae_At_Bastion_Point_1890s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Orakei_Marae_At_Bastion_Point_1890s.jpg/220px-Orakei_Marae_At_Bastion_Point_1890s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Orakei_Marae_At_Bastion_Point_1890s.jpg/330px-Orakei_Marae_At_Bastion_Point_1890s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Orakei_Marae_At_Bastion_Point_1890s.jpg/440px-Orakei_Marae_At_Bastion_Point_1890s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The marae on Takaparawhau in the 1890s.</figcaption></figure> <p>The land was occupied by Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei, and before the <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Zealand" title="History of New Zealand">colonisation of New Zealand</a> it was part of important lands for the <a href="/wiki/Hap%C5%AB" title="Hapū">hapū</a>, overlooking rich fishing and farming areas.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surrounding land was purchased and confiscated by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">New Zealand Government</a> for <a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">public works</a> and development over a period stretching from the 1840s into the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 March 1840, in the <a href="/wiki/Manukau_Harbour" title="Manukau Harbour">Manukau Harbour</a> area where <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua" title="Ngāti Whātua">Ngāti Whātua</a> farmed, <a href="/wiki/Paramount_chief" title="Paramount chief">paramount chief</a> <a href="/wiki/Apihai_Te_Kawau" title="Apihai Te Kawau">Apihai Te Kawau</a> signed <a href="/wiki/Te_Tiriti_o_Waitangi" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Tiriti o Waitangi">Te Tiriti o Waitangi</a>. Ngāti Whātua sought British protection from <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81puhi" title="Ngāpuhi">Ngāpuhi</a> as well as a reciprocal relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Crown</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a>. Soon after signing <i>Te Tiriti</i>, Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei, the primary hapū and landowner in Tāmaki Makaurau, made a <i>tuku</i> (strategic gift) of 3,500 acres (1,400 hectares) of land on the <a href="/wiki/Waitemata_Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Waitemata Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a> to <a href="/wiki/William_Hobson" title="William Hobson">William Hobson</a>, the new Governor of New Zealand, for the new <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_New_Zealand" title="Capital of New Zealand">capital</a>. By 1859, Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei, who had given two further land <i>tuku</i> of 13,200 acres (5,342 hectares) to the Crown, had lost most of their remaining land through speculators. The 700-acre <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei" title="Ōrākei">Ōrākei</a> block was all that remained. Within a century, this too was compulsorily acquired by the Crown (apart from a cemetery).<sup id="cite_ref-Apihai2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apihai2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Values2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Values2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ngarimi_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ngarimi-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apihai Te Kawau spoke publicly against land sales and in order to safeguard a small amount of land in Ōrākei for future generations, and Te Kawau obtained a Crown Grant in 1869. In 1873, the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Land_Court" title="Māori Land Court">Native Land Court</a> stated that "the land shall be inalienable". A reversal of this government position came with the Validation Of Invalid Land Sales Act 1894. In 1885, the New Zealand Government built a military outpost at Bastion Point, because of its commanding strategic position overlooking the Waitematā Harbour, known as Fort Bastion. The outpost was not built on Takaparawha Point, which had earlier been taken by the Government for the same purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1886, <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a> used the Public Works Act 1882 (46 Vict No 37) to take ownership of 13 acres (5.3 ha) of Bastion Point for this purpose of defence. From 1913 and 1928, the government bought most of the land that had been previously deemed inalienable. As <a href="/wiki/Ranginui_Walker" title="Ranginui Walker">Ranganui Walker</a> states, this is by no means a simple case of willful dispossession: "In a long running battle to resist the state and save the land, there were eight actions in the Maori Land Court, four in the Supreme Court, two in the Court of Appeal, two in the Compensation Court, six appearances before Commissions or Committees of Inquiry, and fifteen Parliamentary Petitions. In the end the state prevailed".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1936, Ōrākei was proposed as a site for state housing by the <a href="/wiki/First_Labour_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="First Labour Government">First Labour Government</a>, and in August a Māori delegation asked Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Savage</a> that at least the marae on the flat foreshore where he had been ceremonially welcomed after his election should be retained by the tribe. Savage was 'somewhat fogged' by the situation and asked for reports, which were not completed when he sailed to Britain for the Coronation and Imperial Conference in 1937. The Labour state housing team <a href="/wiki/John_A._Lee" title="John A. Lee">John A. Lee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Langstone" title="Frank Langstone">Frank Langstone</a> decided that the 120 Māori living at Ōrākei were illegal squatters and had to be removed. The incensed Ōrākei Māori met Savage on his return from overseas, and he immediately reversed the decision, avoiding what could have been a political crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986191_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986191-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1936, Lee had assured <a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Walter Nash</a> that the Māori would be removed without much difficulty; but they refused, and were supported by the Clergy Association, the Protestant churches, the Anglican Bishop, the Friends of Orakei and the <i>New Zealand Observer.</i> <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hyde" title="Robin Hyde">Robin Hyde</a> wrote <i>No More Dancing at Orakei</i>. Lee obtained most of his land, but Langstone's (and the Cabinet's) decision; seen as obtaining Māori land as a park 'for white children' was reversed. Another motive for their proposal was to weaken <a href="/wiki/Bill_Endean" title="Bill Endean">Bill Endean</a>'s grip on <a href="/wiki/Parnell_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Parnell (New Zealand electorate)">Parnell</a>, the only non-Labour seat in Auckland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlssen1977105,_106_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlssen1977105,_106-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Māori from the pā met Savages' body when it arrived back in Auckland in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986271_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986271-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1941, the Crown no longer needed Bastion Point for defence, it did not return the land to its traditional Māori owners but instead gifted it to the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_City_Council" title="Auckland City Council">Auckland City Council</a> for a reserve. (This was the last 60 acres (24.3 ha) of uncommitted land at Ōrākei that Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei still hoped to get back.)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During World War II, three searchlights were housed in emplacements built at the foot of Bastion Point, and still exist today. Guns, searchlights, and an <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_net" title="Anti-submarine net">anti-submarine boom</a> stretched to Torpedo Bay near North Head, were installed at the front of the Tamaki Yacht Club, and were later incorporated into the yacht club building.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1951, Māori living in Ōrākei were evicted and the houses were knocked down. A justification for this eviction was health and sanitation issues, for which the government was ultimately responsible. These issues were created by the city council earlier when a sewer line and road were built along the foreshore which blocked the flow of storm water, creating the quagmire of sanitation problems. At the same time the village at Ōkahu Bay was not connected to the city's fresh water supply.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Savage_Memorial">Savage Memorial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastion_Point&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Savage Memorial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Joseph_Savage_Memorial_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Memorial_Park.jpg/220px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Memorial_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Memorial_Park.jpg/330px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Memorial_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Memorial_Park.jpg/440px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Memorial_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Michael Joseph Savage Memorial and tomb.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a> died in office in 1940, and is buried in an Art Deco mausoleum at Takaparawhau / Bastion Point designed by <a href="/wiki/Tibor_Donner" title="Tibor Donner">Tibor Donner</a> and Anthony Bartlett with a sculpture by R. O. Gross, built above the disused Fort Britomart. It has large columns, sunken gardens and a reflecting pool which was built in two years by Fletcher Construction for £34,533, with the cost raised by subscription.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986272_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986272-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The monument was dedicated before a crowd of ten thousand on 28 March 1943, with Savage's remains reinterred in a deep tunnel below the monument. The tomb is inscribed: <i>Michael Joseph Savage, 1872–1940, He loved his fellow men.</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986272_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986272-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occupation_and_return">Occupation and return</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastion_Point&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Occupation and return"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bastion_Point_Maori_Land_Rights_copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bastion_Point_Maori_Land_Rights_copy.jpg/220px-Bastion_Point_Maori_Land_Rights_copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bastion_Point_Maori_Land_Rights_copy.jpg/330px-Bastion_Point_Maori_Land_Rights_copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bastion_Point_Maori_Land_Rights_copy.jpg/440px-Bastion_Point_Maori_Land_Rights_copy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>Takaparawhau / Bastion Point activist campaign at <a href="/wiki/Nambassa" title="Nambassa">Nambassa</a> alternatives festival 1981.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bastion_Point_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bastion_Point_Flag.svg/220px-Bastion_Point_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bastion_Point_Flag.svg/330px-Bastion_Point_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bastion_Point_Flag.svg/440px-Bastion_Point_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Flag used in the occupation of Bastion Point<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1976, the Crown announced that it planned to develop Bastion Point by selling it to the highest bidder for high-income housing. <a href="/wiki/Joe_Hawke" title="Joe Hawke">Joe Hawke</a>, members of his hapū Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei, and other activists, formed the Orakei Māori Action Committee, taking <a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">direct action</a> to stop the subdivision. The government claimed that the land had been sold to the Crown, however Hawke claimed that, "This land was not sold – it was confiscated under the Public Works Lands Act".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1977 to 1978, the Orakei Māori Action Committee organised and maintained an <a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">occupation</a> of the remaining Crown land. The occupation began on 5 January 1977,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two days before construction of the housing was to start, to prevent its confiscation by the <a href="/wiki/Third_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Third National Government of New Zealand">Muldoon Government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The occupiers constructed a marae and housing, and grew crops. A fire in a tent on 26 September 1977 caused the death of a young girl named Joanna Hawke, the niece of protest leader Joe Hawke.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The occupation lasted for 506 days; it ended on 25 May 1978,<sup id="cite_ref-TE_ARA1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TE_ARA1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when 800 police and personnel of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Army" title="New Zealand Army">New Zealand Army</a> forcibly removed the occupiers and destroyed the temporary buildings—including vegetable gardens and the marae. Two hundred and twenty two protesters were arrested. The occupation and the use of force to end it played a part in highlighting injustices against Māori, and the occupation became a major landmark in the history of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_protest_movement" title="Māori protest movement">Māori protest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1988, the New Zealand Labour Government returned Takaparawhau / Bastion Point and Ōrākei Marae to Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei, with compensation, as part of a <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a> settlement process. The 1991 Ōrākei Act was passed to recognise the rights of Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei under the treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Joe Hawke died on 22 May 2022, aged 82 and was buried at Takaparawhau, the land he fought to return to his iwi.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastion_Point&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_protest_movement" title="Māori protest movement">Māori protest movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua" title="Ngāti Whātua">Ngāti Whātua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei" title="Ōrākei">Ōrākei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_fortifications_of_New_Zealand" title="Coastal fortifications of New Zealand">Coastal fortifications of New Zealand</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastion_Point&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Takaparawhau_%26_Bastion_Rock_1901.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Looking east along Biddicks Bay towards Takaparawha showing Bastion Rock, since demolished, 1901."><img alt="Looking east along Biddicks Bay towards Takaparawha showing Bastion Rock, since demolished, 1901." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Takaparawhau_%26_Bastion_Rock_1901.jpg/180px-Takaparawhau_%26_Bastion_Rock_1901.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Takaparawhau_%26_Bastion_Rock_1901.jpg/270px-Takaparawhau_%26_Bastion_Rock_1901.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Takaparawhau_%26_Bastion_Rock_1901.jpg/360px-Takaparawhau_%26_Bastion_Rock_1901.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="591" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Looking east along Biddicks Bay towards Takaparawha showing Bastion Rock, since demolished, 1901.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Takaparawhau_%26_Yacht_Club_2022.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Looking east to Takaparawhau showing Tamaki Yacht Club where Bastion Rock was removed, 2022."><img alt="Looking east to Takaparawhau showing Tamaki Yacht Club where Bastion Rock was removed, 2022." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Takaparawhau_%26_Yacht_Club_2022.JPG/180px-Takaparawhau_%26_Yacht_Club_2022.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Takaparawhau_%26_Yacht_Club_2022.JPG/270px-Takaparawhau_%26_Yacht_Club_2022.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Takaparawhau_%26_Yacht_Club_2022.JPG/360px-Takaparawhau_%26_Yacht_Club_2022.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Looking east to Takaparawhau showing Tamaki Yacht Club where Bastion Rock was removed, 2022.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Takaparawhau_%26_%C5%8Ckahu_Bay_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Looking north east along Ōkahu Bay towards Takaparawhau, showing the sewer line in course of construction, 1910."><img alt="Looking north east along Ōkahu Bay towards Takaparawhau, showing the sewer line in course of construction, 1910." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Takaparawhau_%26_%C5%8Ckahu_Bay_1910.jpg/180px-Takaparawhau_%26_%C5%8Ckahu_Bay_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Takaparawhau_%26_%C5%8Ckahu_Bay_1910.jpg/270px-Takaparawhau_%26_%C5%8Ckahu_Bay_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Takaparawhau_%26_%C5%8Ckahu_Bay_1910.jpg/360px-Takaparawhau_%26_%C5%8Ckahu_Bay_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Looking north east along Ōkahu Bay towards Takaparawhau, showing the sewer line in course of construction, 1910.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Takaparawhau_%26_%C5%8Ckahu_Bay,_2022.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Looking north east along Ōkahu Bay towards Takaparawhau, with Tumutumuwhenua wharenui (meeting house) visible on the ridgeline, 2022."><img alt="Looking north east along Ōkahu Bay towards Takaparawhau, with Tumutumuwhenua wharenui (meeting house) visible on the ridgeline, 2022." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Takaparawhau_%26_%C5%8Ckahu_Bay%2C_2022.JPG/180px-Takaparawhau_%26_%C5%8Ckahu_Bay%2C_2022.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Takaparawhau_%26_%C5%8Ckahu_Bay%2C_2022.JPG/270px-Takaparawhau_%26_%C5%8Ckahu_Bay%2C_2022.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Takaparawhau_%26_%C5%8Ckahu_Bay%2C_2022.JPG/360px-Takaparawhau_%26_%C5%8Ckahu_Bay%2C_2022.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Looking north east along Ōkahu Bay towards Takaparawhau, with <i>Tumutumuwhenua</i> <a href="/wiki/Wharenui" title="Wharenui">wharenui</a> (meeting house) visible on the ridgeline, 2022.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Takaparawhau_Pou.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Takaparawha Pou (pole or column) installed at Takaparawhau (Bastion Point) in 2019, designed by Lenard Philips and Te Aroha Witika. The pou has the shape of a taurapa (the stern of a waka) standing on a concrete plinth representing the toka (rock) that acted as a beacon for waka, known as Bastion Rock.[31]"><img alt="Takaparawha Pou (pole or column) installed at Takaparawhau (Bastion Point) in 2019, designed by Lenard Philips and Te Aroha Witika. The pou has the shape of a taurapa (the stern of a waka) standing on a concrete plinth representing the toka (rock) that acted as a beacon for waka, known as Bastion Rock.[31]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Takaparawhau_Pou.JPG/180px-Takaparawhau_Pou.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Takaparawhau_Pou.JPG/270px-Takaparawhau_Pou.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Takaparawhau_Pou.JPG/360px-Takaparawhau_Pou.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Takaparawha Pou</i> (pole or column) installed at Takaparawhau (Bastion Point) in 2019, designed by Lenard Philips and Te Aroha Witika. The pou has the shape of a taurapa (the stern of a <a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">waka</a>) standing on a concrete plinth representing the toka (rock) that acted as a beacon for waka, known as Bastion Rock.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Takaparawhau_Searchlight_Emplacements_2022.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Takaparawhau searchlight emplacements, numbers one and two, completed in 1944."><img alt="Takaparawhau searchlight emplacements, numbers one and two, completed in 1944." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Takaparawhau_Searchlight_Emplacements_2022.JPG/180px-Takaparawhau_Searchlight_Emplacements_2022.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Takaparawhau_Searchlight_Emplacements_2022.JPG/270px-Takaparawhau_Searchlight_Emplacements_2022.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Takaparawhau_Searchlight_Emplacements_2022.JPG/360px-Takaparawhau_Searchlight_Emplacements_2022.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Takaparawhau searchlight emplacements, numbers one and two, completed in 1944.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manu_Aute_Kite_Day,_2022.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama showing the annual Manu Aute Kite Day, held on Takaparawhau on the first Matariki long weekend, June 2022."><img alt="Panorama showing the annual Manu Aute Kite Day, held on Takaparawhau on the first Matariki long weekend, June 2022." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Manu_Aute_Kite_Day%2C_2022.JPG/180px-Manu_Aute_Kite_Day%2C_2022.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Manu_Aute_Kite_Day%2C_2022.JPG/270px-Manu_Aute_Kite_Day%2C_2022.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Manu_Aute_Kite_Day%2C_2022.JPG/360px-Manu_Aute_Kite_Day%2C_2022.JPG 2x" data-file-width="16382" data-file-height="3860" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panorama showing the annual Manu Aute Kite Day, held on Takaparawhau on the first <a href="/wiki/Matariki" title="Matariki">Matariki</a> long weekend, June 2022.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Takaparawhau_Panorama_2022.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama showing Tamaki Yacht Club, both Takaparawhau points and searchlight emplacement number three, 2022"><img alt="Panorama showing Tamaki Yacht Club, both Takaparawhau points and searchlight emplacement number three, 2022" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Takaparawhau_Panorama_2022.JPG/180px-Takaparawhau_Panorama_2022.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Takaparawhau_Panorama_2022.JPG/270px-Takaparawhau_Panorama_2022.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Takaparawhau_Panorama_2022.JPG/360px-Takaparawhau_Panorama_2022.JPG 2x" data-file-width="16382" data-file-height="3628" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panorama showing Tamaki Yacht Club, both Takaparawhau points and searchlight emplacement number three, 2022</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastion_Point&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TE_ARA1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TE_ARA1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TE_ARA1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealandInBrief/Maori/5/ENZ-Resources/Standard/1/3/en">Police cordon At Bastion Point (3rd of 3)</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a>. Accessed 31 July 2008.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Bastion and the Searchlight Emplacements, info panel. Ōrākei Local Board, Auckland Council. June 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJackson1976" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Elizabeth T. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=govt.nz&rft.atitle=Ng%C4%81ti+Wh%C4%81tua+%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei+Deed+of+Settlement&rft.date=2011-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govt.nz%2Fassets%2FDocuments%2FOTS%2FNgati-Whatua-o-Orakei%2FNgati-Whatua-Orakei-Deed-of-Settlement-5-Nov-2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/video/reclaiming-bastion-point-roadside-stories">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Reclaiming Bastion Point – roadside stories'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.nzhistory.net.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nzhistory.net.nz&rft.atitle=%27Reclaiming+Bastion+Point+%E2%80%93+roadside+stories%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzhistory.net.nz%2Fmedia%2Fvideo%2Freclaiming-bastion-point-roadside-stories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1990" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Ranganui (1990). <i>Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou Struggle Without End</i>. Penguin. pp. 216–217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0143019457" title="Special:BookSources/0143019457"><bdi>0143019457</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ka+Whawhai+Tonu+Matou+Struggle+Without+End&rft.pages=216-217&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0143019457&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Ranganui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaonui" class="citation web cs1">Taonui, Rāwiri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/ngati-whatua/page-4">"Ngāti Whātua - Ngāti Whātua and the Treaty of Waitangi"</a>. <i>Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara+-+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Ng%C4%81ti+Wh%C4%81tua+-+Ng%C4%81ti+Wh%C4%81tua+and+the+Treaty+of+Waitangi&rft.aulast=Taonui&rft.aufirst=R%C4%81wiri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fngati-whatua%2Fpage-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986191-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986191_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGustafson1986">Gustafson 1986</a>, p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlssen1977105,_106-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlssen1977105,_106_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlssen1977">Olssen 1977</a>, pp. 105, 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986271-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986271_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGustafson1986">Gustafson 1986</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1990" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Ranganui (1990). <i>Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou Struggle Without End</i>. Penguin. p. 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0143019457" title="Special:BookSources/0143019457"><bdi>0143019457</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ka+Whawhai+Tonu+Matou+Struggle+Without+End&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0143019457&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Ranganui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986272-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986272_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986272_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGustafson1986">Gustafson 1986</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/kahu/solemn-dawn-ceremony-to-remember-the-end-of-the-bastion-point-occupation-in-auckland/MOCL3P437K5XFTI3PV4FZPOFCQ/">"Solemn dawn ceremony to remember the end of the Bastion Point occupation in Auckland"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 25 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Solemn+dawn+ceremony+to+remember+the+end+of+the+Bastion+Point+occupation+in+Auckland&rft.date=2018-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fkahu%2Fsolemn-dawn-ceremony-to-remember-the-end-of-the-bastion-point-occupation-in-auckland%2FMOCL3P437K5XFTI3PV4FZPOFCQ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/05/24/the-1977-bastion-point-occupation-what-happened/">"The 1977 Bastion Point occupation: What happened?"</a>. <i>1 News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1+News&rft.atitle=The+1977+Bastion+Point+occupation%3A+What+happened%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.1news.co.nz%2F2022%2F05%2F24%2Fthe-1977-bastion-point-occupation-what-happened%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/maoris-new-zealand-regain-bastion-point-occupying-their-land-1977-1978">"Maoris in New Zealand regain Bastion Point by occupying their land, 1977–1978"</a>, Global Nonviolent Action Database, Swarthmore College</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081017142021/http://waitangitribunal.govt.nz/reports/viewchapter.asp?reportID=49AF06E3-FBCB-45C5-9E97-2C2044B558C2&chapter=63">"Report of the Waitangi Tribunal on the Orakei Claim – 9.4 The Assessment of Competing Claims"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Waitangi_Tribunal" title="Waitangi Tribunal">Waitangi Tribunal</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waitangitribunal.govt.nz/reports/viewchapter.asp?reportID=49AF06E3-FBCB-45C5-9E97-2C2044B558C2&chapter=63">the original</a> on 17 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Waitangi+Tribunal+on+the+Orakei+Claim+%E2%80%93+9.4+The+Assessment+of+Competing+Claims&rft.pub=Waitangi+Tribunal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waitangitribunal.govt.nz%2Freports%2Fviewchapter.asp%3FreportID%3D49AF06E3-FBCB-45C5-9E97-2C2044B558C2%26chapter%3D63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/104201927/dawn-service-marks-40-years-since-eviction-at-bastion-point">"Dawn service marks 40 years since eviction at Bastion Point"</a>. <i>Stuff</i>. 24 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Dawn+service+marks+40+years+since+eviction+at+Bastion+Point&rft.date=2018-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fauckland%2F104201927%2Fdawn-service-marks-40-years-since-eviction-at-bastion-point&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waitangitribunal.govt.nz/publications-and-resources/school-resources/orakei/resolving-the-grievances-of-the-past/">"Resolving the grievances of the past | Waitangi Tribunal"</a>. <i>waitangitribunal.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=waitangitribunal.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Resolving+the+grievances+of+the+past+%7C+Waitangi+Tribunal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaitangitribunal.govt.nz%2Fpublications-and-resources%2Fschool-resources%2Forakei%2Fresolving-the-grievances-of-the-past%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNgāti_Whātua_Ōrākei_&_St_Paul's_Church" class="citation web cs1">Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei & St Paul's Church. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stpaulschurch.smugmug.com/Renewing-St-Pauls-2020/i-HRvWS9D/A">"Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Timeline"</a>. <i>St Paul's Church</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St+Paul%27s+Church&rft.atitle=Ng%C4%81ti+Wh%C4%81tua+%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei+Timeline&rft.au=Ng%C4%81ti+Wh%C4%81tua+%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei+%26+St+Paul%27s+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstpaulschurch.smugmug.com%2FRenewing-St-Pauls-2020%2Fi-HRvWS9D%2FA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonEarley2022" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, Ryan; Earley, Melanie (22 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/300594523/ngti-whtua-bastion-point-protest-leader-joe-hawke-dies-aged-82">"Ngāti Whātua Bastion Point protest leader Joe Hawke dies, aged 82"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Ng%C4%81ti+Wh%C4%81tua+Bastion+Point+protest+leader+Joe+Hawke+dies%2C+aged+82&rft.date=2022-05-22&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft.au=Earley%2C+Melanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F300594523%2Fngti-whtua-bastion-point-protest-leader-joe-hawke-dies-aged-82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teaomaori.news/joe-hawke-now-rests-takaparawhau">"Joe Hawke now rests at Takaparawhau"</a>. <i>Māori Television</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=M%C4%81ori+Television&rft.atitle=Joe+Hawke+now+rests+at+Takaparawhau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teaomaori.news%2Fjoe-hawke-now-rests-takaparawhau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNZ_Outdoor_Art" class="citation web cs1">NZ Outdoor Art. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/page/1352258361462711/search/?q=takaparawhau">"Pou"</a>. Facebook<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pou&rft.pub=Facebook&rft.au=NZ+Outdoor+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fpage%2F1352258361462711%2Fsearch%2F%3Fq%3Dtakaparawhau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastion_Point&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Gustafson" title="Barry Gustafson">Gustafson, Barry</a> (1986). <i>From the Cradle to the Grave: a biography of Michael Joseph Savage</i>. Auckland: Reed Methuen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-474-00138-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-474-00138-5"><bdi>0-474-00138-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Cradle+to+the+Grave%3A+a+biography+of+Michael+Joseph+Savage&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Reed+Methuen&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-474-00138-5&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlssen1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Olssen" title="Erik Olssen">Olssen, Erik</a> (1977). <i>John A. Lee</i>. Dunedin: University of Otago Press. pp. 105, 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-908569-04-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-908569-04-1"><bdi>0-908569-04-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+A.+Lee&rft.place=Dunedin&rft.pages=105%2C+106&rft.pub=University+of+Otago+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-908569-04-1&rft.aulast=Olssen&rft.aufirst=Erik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABastion+Point" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastion_Point&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/NgatiWhatua/4/ENZ-Resources/Standard/4/en">Television footage of Bastion Point eviction</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a>, the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201234/http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/reports/viewchapter.asp?reportID=49AF06E3-FBCB-45C5-9E97-2C2044B558C2&chapter=58">Report on the Orakei claim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waitangi_Tribunal" title="Waitangi Tribunal">Waitangi Tribunal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070109143141/http://www.radionz.co.nz/popular/treaty/events-1970s">Radio NZ sound bite interviews on the 1970s Bastion Point protest.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzonscreen.com/title/bastion-point---the-untold-story-1999">"Bastion Point – The Untold Story"</a>, clip from documentary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ōrākei_Local_Board_Area,_Auckland,_New_Zealand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei_(local_board_area)" title="Ōrākei (local board area)">Ōrākei Local Board Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Populated places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellerslie,_New_Zealand" title="Ellerslie, New Zealand">Ellerslie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendowie" class="mw-redirect" title="Glendowie">Glendowie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Innes,_New_Zealand" title="Glen Innes, New Zealand">Glen Innes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowbank,_New_Zealand" title="Meadowbank, New Zealand">Meadowbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Bay,_New_Zealand" title="Mission Bay, New Zealand">Mission Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohimarama" title="Kohimarama">Kohimarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei" title="Ōrākei">Ōrākei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remuera" title="Remuera">Remuera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Heliers" title="Saint Heliers">Saint Heliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Johns,_New_Zealand" title="St Johns, New Zealand">St Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonefields" title="Stonefields">Stonefields</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achilles_Point" title="Achilles Point">Achilles Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobson_Bay" title="Hobson Bay">Hobson Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaka_Bay_(Auckland)" title="Karaka Bay (Auckland)">Karaka Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rangitoto" title="Little Rangitoto">Little Rangitoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Chinerau_/_Mount_Hobson" title="Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson">Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei_Basin" title="Ōrākei Basin">Ōrākei Basin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Takaparawhau / Bastion Point</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities and attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellerslie_Racecourse" title="Ellerslie Racecourse">Ellerslie Racecourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepa_Bush_Reserve" title="Kepa Bush Reserve">Kepa Bush Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madills_Farm_Reserve" title="Madills Farm Reserve">Madills Farm Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remuera_Library" title="Remuera Library">Remuera Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Johns_Bush" title="St Johns Bush">St Johns Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Catholic_Church,_Auckland" title="St Michael's Catholic Church, Auckland">St Michael's Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaki_Drive" title="Tamaki Drive">Tamaki Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Ara_ki_Uta_ki_Tai" title="Te Ara ki Uta ki Tai">Te Ara ki Uta ki Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiatarua_Reserve" title="Waiatarua Reserve">Waiatarua Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Council" title="Auckland Council">Auckland Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei_Local_Board" title="Ōrākei Local Board">Ōrākei Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei_ward" title="Ōrākei ward">Ōrākei ward</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Auckland_City_Council" title="Auckland City Council">Auckland City Council (defunct)</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Suburbs_AFC" title="Eastern Suburbs AFC">Eastern Suburbs AFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellerslie_AFC" title="Ellerslie AFC">Ellerslie AFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellerslie_Eagles" title="Ellerslie Eagles">Ellerslie Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua_%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei" title="Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei">Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Auckland" title="St John's College, Auckland">St John's College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810661#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810661#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810661#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/154735270">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n00090771">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007473756905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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