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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Attempts_at_rebuilding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bar_Kochba_revolt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bar_Kochba_revolt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bar Kochba revolt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bar_Kochba_revolt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Julian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Julian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Julian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Julian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sassanid_vassal_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sassanid_vassal_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Sassanid vassal state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sassanid_vassal_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muslim_conquest_of_Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muslim_conquest_of_Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Muslim conquest of Syria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muslim_conquest_of_Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_the_Mongol_raids_into_Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_the_Mongol_raids_into_Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>During the Mongol raids into Syria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_the_Mongol_raids_into_Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_rebuilding_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_rebuilding_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Modern rebuilding efforts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_rebuilding_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attempts_to_re-establish_a_Jewish_presence_on_the_Temple_Mount" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempts_to_re-establish_a_Jewish_presence_on_the_Temple_Mount"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Attempts to re-establish a Jewish presence on the Temple Mount</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attempts_to_re-establish_a_Jewish_presence_on_the_Temple_Mount-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Obstacles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obstacles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>Obstacles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obstacles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_of_Temple_Mount" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_of_Temple_Mount"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>Status of Temple Mount</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_of_Temple_Mount-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewish_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Jewish views</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jewish_views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Jewish views subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jewish_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orthodox_Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthodox_Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Orthodox Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthodox_Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservative_Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservative_Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Conservative Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservative_Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reform_Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reform_Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Reform Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform_Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Christian views</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Christian_views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Christian views subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Christian_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christian_mainstream" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_mainstream"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Christian mainstream</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_mainstream-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Protestant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protestant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Protestant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protestant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dispensationalist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dispensationalist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.1</span> <span>Dispensationalist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dispensationalist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dispensational_Evangelical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dispensational_Evangelical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.2</span> <span>Dispensational Evangelical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dispensational_Evangelical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_Catholic_and_Eastern_Orthodox" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Catholic_and_Eastern_Orthodox"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Catholic_and_Eastern_Orthodox-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latter_Day_Saints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latter_Day_Saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Latter Day Saints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latter_Day_Saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muslim_view" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muslim_view"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Muslim view</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muslim_view-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baháʼí_view" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baháʼí_view"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Baháʼí view</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baháʼí_view-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB" title="الهيكل الثالث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الهيكل الثالث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Трети йерусалимски храм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Трети йерусалимски храм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Τρίτος Ναός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τρίτος Ναός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercer_templo_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n" title="Tercer templo de Jerusalén – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tercer templo de Jerusalén" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="معبد سوم اورشلیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معبد سوم اورشلیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_Temple_de_J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Troisième Temple de Jérusalem – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Troisième Temple de Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terceiro_Templo_de_Xerusal%C3%A9n" title="Terceiro Templo de Xerusalén – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Terceiro Templo de Xerusalén" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bait_Ketiga" title="Bait Ketiga – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bait Ketiga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terzo_Tempio" title="Terzo Tempio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terzo Tempio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99" title="בית המקדש השלישי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית המקדש השלישי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="الهيكل التالت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الهيكل التالت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derde_tempel" title="Derde tempel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Derde tempel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terceiro_Templo" title="Terceiro Templo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terceiro Templo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Третий храм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Третий храм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempulli_i_Tret%C3%AB" title="Tempulli i Tretë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tempulli i Tretë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%9B%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Трећи храм – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Трећи храм" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemin_kolmas_temppeli" title="Jerusalemin kolmas temppeli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jerusalemin kolmas temppeli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalems_tredje_tempel" title="Jerusalems tredje tempel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jerusalems tredje tempel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மூன்றாம் கோவில் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூன்றாம் கோவில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7%C3%BCnc%C3%BC_Tap%C4%B1nak" title="Üçüncü Tapınak – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Üçüncü Tapınak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="第三圣殿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第三圣殿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1415267#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hypothetical rebuilt Jewish holy temple in Jerusalem</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the unrealized Jewish temple. For Herod the Great's massive renovation of the Second Temple, see <a href="/wiki/Herod%27s_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Herod's Temple">Herod's Temple</a>. For the 2015 book, see <a href="/wiki/Yishai_Sarid#Published_works" title="Yishai Sarid">Yishai Sarid § Published works</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel%27s_Temple" title="Ezekiel's Temple">Ezekiel's Temple</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>The "<b>Third Temple</b>" (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִׁי</span>‎</span>, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Bēṯ hamMīqdāš hašŠlīšī</i></span>, <abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> 'Third House of the Sanctum'</span>) refers to a hypothetical rebuilt <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a>. It would succeed <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>, the former having been destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">Babylonian siege of Jerusalem</a> in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 587 BCE</span> and the latter having been destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">Roman siege of Jerusalem</a> in 70<i> </i>CE. The notion of and desire for the Third Temple is sacred in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a>. It would be the most sacred place of worship for <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> holds that <a href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Judaism" title="Prophets in Judaism">Jewish prophets</a> called for its construction prior to, or in tandem with, the <a href="/wiki/Messianic_Age" title="Messianic Age">Messianic Age</a>. The building of the Third Temple also plays a major role in some interpretations of <a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatology</a>. </p><p>Among some groups of devout Jews, anticipation of a future project to build the Third Temple at the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City of Jerusalem</a> has been espoused as an ideological motive in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Building the Third Temple has been contested by <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> due to the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was built by the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> on the site of the destroyed Solomon's Temple and Second Temple; tensions between Jews and Muslims over the Temple Mount have carried over politically as one of the major flashpoints of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>, and the area has been a subject of significant debate in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Israeli–Palestinian peace process</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the international community has refrained from recognizing any sovereignty over <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> due to conflicting territorial claims between Israel and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">both sides have asserted it as their capital city</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attempts_at_rebuilding">Attempts at rebuilding</h2></div> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">destruction of the Second Temple in 70<i> </i>CE</a> by the Romans, some Jews have expressed their desire to build a Third Temple on the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>. Prayer for this is a formal part of the Jewish tradition of thrice daily <i><a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a></i> prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-groundwork_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groundwork-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it remains unbuilt, the notion of and desire for a Third Temple is sacred in Judaism. </p><p>Following the Second Temple's destruction, "most rabbis adopted the position that Jewish law prohibits reconstructing the Holy Temple [Third Temple] prior to the age of messianic redemption, or that the law is too ambiguous and that the messiah must come first."<sup id="cite_ref-groundwork_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-groundwork-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bar_Kochba_revolt">Bar Kochba revolt</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba revolt</a></div> <p>In the early 2nd century CE, Roman <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Hadrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Hadrian">Emperor Hadrian</a> granted permission to rebuild the destroyed Second Temple, but changed his mind. The forces of <a href="/wiki/Simon_bar_Kokhba" title="Simon bar Kokhba">Simon bar Kokhba</a> captured Jerusalem from the Romans in 132<i> </i>CE and held the city for about three years. Construction of a new temple continued.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bar Kokhba's failure to keep control of the city led to the writing of the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishna</a>, as the religious leaders believed that the next attempt to rebuild the temple might be centuries away and memory of the practices and ceremonies must be documented otherwise they would be lost. As punishment for the revolt, the Romans renamed Jerusalem to <a href="/wiki/Aelia_Capitolina" title="Aelia Capitolina">Aelia Capitolina</a> and the province to <a href="/wiki/Syria_Palaestina" title="Syria Palaestina">Syria Palaestina</a>; Jews were prohibited in the city except for the day of <a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27av" class="mw-redirect" title="Tisha B'av">Tisha B'av</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rabbis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbis">Rabbis</a> that survived persecution (see <a href="/wiki/Ten_Martyrs" title="Ten Martyrs">Ten Martyrs</a>) were allowed to continue their <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jamnia" title="Council of Jamnia">school in Javnia</a>, as long as they paid the <a href="/wiki/Fiscus_Judaicus" title="Fiscus Judaicus">Fiscus Judaicus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Julian">Julian</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Subterrain_firs_defeat_Julian%27s_effort_to_rebuilt_the_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Subterrain_firs_defeat_Julian%27s_effort_to_rebuilt_the_temple.jpg/180px-Subterrain_firs_defeat_Julian%27s_effort_to_rebuilt_the_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="484" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Subterrain_firs_defeat_Julian%27s_effort_to_rebuilt_the_temple.jpg/270px-Subterrain_firs_defeat_Julian%27s_effort_to_rebuilt_the_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Subterrain_firs_defeat_Julian%27s_effort_to_rebuilt_the_temple.jpg/360px-Subterrain_firs_defeat_Julian%27s_effort_to_rebuilt_the_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="2751" /></a><figcaption>Subterranean fires defeat Julian's effort to rebuild the temple, illustration by James Dabney, 1877</figcaption></figure> <p>There was an aborted project under <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a> (361–363 CE) to rebuild the Temple. Julian is traditionally called Julian the Apostate due to his policy of reversing Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a>'s Christianization campaign by restoring traditional religious practices and holy places across the Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of this policy, Julian permitted the Jews to begin building a Third Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-julian3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-julian3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Hilkiah" title="Rabbi Hilkiah">Rabbi Hilkiyah</a>, one of the leading rabbis of the time, spurned Julian's money, arguing that <a href="/wiki/Gentile" title="Gentile">gentiles</a> should play no part in the rebuilding of the temple.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to later ancient sources, including <a href="/wiki/Sozomen" title="Sozomen">Sozomen</a> (c. 400–450 CE) in his <i>Historia Ecclesiastica</i> and the pagan historian and close friend of Julian, <a href="/wiki/Ammianus_Marcellinus" title="Ammianus Marcellinus">Ammianus Marcellinus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the project of rebuilding the temple was aborted because each time the workers tried to build the temple using the existing substructure, they were burned by terrible flames coming from inside the earth and an earthquake destroyed what work was done: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Julian thought to rebuild at an extravagant expense the proud Temple once at Jerusalem, and committed this task to <a href="/wiki/Alypius_of_Antioch" title="Alypius of Antioch">Alypius of Antioch</a>. Alypius set vigorously to work, and was seconded by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_governor" title="Roman governor">governor of the province</a>; when fearful balls of fire, breaking out near the foundations, continued their attacks, till the workmen, after repeated scorchings, could approach no more: and he gave up the attempt.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ammianus Marcellinus, The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus, Book 23, Chapter 1, Line 3</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The failure to rebuild the Temple has been ascribed to the <a href="/wiki/363_Galilee_earthquake" title="363 Galilee earthquake">Galilee earthquake of 363<i> </i>CE</a>, and to the <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</a>' own ambivalence about the project.<sup id="cite_ref-julian3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-julian3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sabotage is a possibility, as is an accidental fire. Divine intervention was the common view among Christian historians of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Solomon_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Solomon-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Julian was killed in battle after a reign of less than three years, the <a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">Christians reasserted control</a> over the empire, and the opportunity to rebuild the Temple ended. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sassanid_vassal_state">Sassanid vassal state</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_revolt_against_Heraclius" title="Jewish revolt against Heraclius">Jewish revolt against Heraclius</a></div> <p>In 610<i> </i>CE, the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid Empire</a> drove the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> out of the Middle East, giving the Jews control of Jerusalem for the first time in centuries. The new rulers soon ordered the restart of animal sacrifice for the first time since the time of <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kochba" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar Kochba">Bar Kochba</a>. Shortly, before the Byzantines took the area back, the Persians gave control to the Christian population, who tore down the partly built edifice,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and turned it into a garbage dump, which is what it was when the Caliph <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Omar</a> took the city in the 630s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muslim_conquest_of_Syria">Muslim conquest of Syria</h3></div> <p>An Armenian chronicle from the 7th century CE, written by <a href="/wiki/Sebeos" title="Sebeos">the bishop Sebeos</a>, states that the Jews and Arabs were quarreling amongst each other about <a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam and Judaism">their differences of religion</a> during <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(637)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jerusalem (637)">the Siege of Jerusalem in 637<i> </i>CE</a> but "a man of the sons of Ishmael named Muhammad" gave a "sermon of the Way of Truth, supposedly at God's command" to them saying that they, both the Jews and the Arabs, should unite under the banner of their father <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> and enter <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">the Holy Land</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebeos also reports that the Jews began a reconstruction of the temple, but the Arabs expelled them and re-purposed the place for their own prayers. In turn, these Jews built another temple in a different location.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="During_the_Mongol_raids_into_Syria">During the Mongol raids into Syria</h3></div> <p>In 1267, during the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_raids_into_Palestine" title="Mongol raids into Palestine">Mongol raids into Syria</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">interregnum</a> period between the complete domination of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">crusader states</a> until 1260 and the conquest of Levant by the <a href="/wiki/Mamluks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluks">Mamluks</a> in 1291, <a href="/wiki/Nachmanides" title="Nachmanides">Nachmanides</a> wrote a letter to his son. It contained the following references to the land and the Temple: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>What shall I say of this land ... The more holy the place the greater the desolation. Jerusalem is the most desolate of all ... There are about 2,000 inhabitants ... but there are no Jews, for after the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Tartars" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartars">Tartars</a>, the Jews fled, and some were killed by the sword. There are now only two brothers, dyers, who buy their dyes from the government. <i>At their place a quorum of worshippers meets on the Sabbath, and we encourage them, and found a ruined house, built on pillars, with a beautiful dome, and made it into a synagogue</i> ... People regularly come to Jerusalem, men and women from Damascus and from Aleppo and from all parts of the country, to see the Temple and weep over it. And may He who deemed us worthy to see Jerusalem in her ruins, grant us to see her rebuilt and restored, and the honor of the Divine Presence returned.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_rebuilding_efforts">Modern rebuilding efforts</h3></div> <p>In mainstream Orthodox Judaism the rebuilding of the Temple is generally left to the coming of the <a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Jewish Messiah</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Divine_providence" title="Divine providence">divine providence</a>. A few organizations, representing a small minority of Orthodox Jews, want to realize construction of a Third Temple in present times. <a href="/wiki/The_Temple_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="The Temple Institute">The Temple Institute</a>, the self-proclaimed "<a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_Administration" title="Temple Mount Administration">Temple Mount Administration</a>" and the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_and_Eretz_Yisrael_Faithful_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple Mount and Eretz Yisrael Faithful Movement">Temple Mount and Eretz Yisrael Faithful Movement</a> each state that its goal is to build the Third Temple on the Temple Mount (Mount <a href="/wiki/Moriah" title="Moriah">Moriah</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attempts_to_re-establish_a_Jewish_presence_on_the_Temple_Mount">Attempts to re-establish a Jewish presence on the Temple Mount</h3></div> <p>In August 1967, after the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> capture of the Mount, Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Goren" title="Shlomo Goren">Shlomo Goren</a> (deceased 1994) the former <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbi" title="Chief Rabbi">Chief Rabbi</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> (IDF) (and later chief rabbi of the State of Israel), began organizing public prayer for Jews on the Temple Mount. Rabbi Goren was known for his controversial positions concerning Jewish sovereignty over the Temple Mount. On August 15, 1967, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, Goren led a group of fifty Jews onto the Temple Mount, where, fighting off protesting Muslim guards and Israeli police, they held a prayer service.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goren continued to pray for many years in the <a href="/wiki/Tankiziyya" title="Tankiziyya">Makhkame building</a> overlooking the Temple Mount where he conducted yearly <a href="/wiki/High_Holy_Days" title="High Holy Days">High Holy Days</a> services. His call for the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> on the Temple Mount was reiterated by his brother-in-law, the former Chief Rabbi of Haifa, <a href="/wiki/She%27ar_Yashuv_Cohen" title="She'ar Yashuv Cohen">She'ar Yashuv Cohen</a> (deceased 2016). </p><p>Goren was sharply criticized by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Defense (Israel)">Israeli Defense Ministry</a>, who, noting Goren's senior rank, called his behaviour inappropriate. The episode led the Chief Rabbis of the time to restate the accepted laws of Judaism that <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount#Jewish_religious_law_concerning_entry_to_the_site" title="Temple Mount">no Jews were allowed on the mount due to issues of ritual impurity</a>. The secular authorities welcomed this ruling as it preserved the status quo with the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Islamic Waqf">Jerusalem Islamic Waqf</a>. Disagreeing with his colleagues, Goren maintained that Jews were not only permitted, but commanded, to ascend and pray on the mount. </p><p>Goren advocated building a Third Temple on the Temple Mount from the 1960s onward. In the summer of 1983, Goren and several other rabbis joined Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Getz" title="Yehuda Getz">Yehuda Getz</a> (deceased 1995) who worked for the Religious Affairs Ministry at the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a>, in touring a chamber underneath the mount that Getz had excavated. The tunnel was shortly discovered and resulted in a massive brawl between young Jews and Arabs in the area. The tunnel was quickly sealed with concrete by Israeli police.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sealed entrance can be seen from the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall_Tunnel" title="Western Wall Tunnel">Western Wall Tunnel</a>, which opened to the public in 1996. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbinate_of_Israel" title="Chief Rabbinate of Israel">Chief Rabbis of Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isser_Yehuda_Unterman" title="Isser Yehuda Unterman">Isser Yehuda Unterman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Nissim" title="Yitzhak Nissim">Yitzhak Nissim</a>, together with other leading rabbis, asserted that "For generations we have warned against and refrained from entering any part of the Temple Mount."<sup id="cite_ref-The_Jerusalem_Connection_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Jerusalem_Connection-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recent study of this rabbinical ruling suggests that it was both "unprecedented" and possibly prompted by governmental pressure on the rabbis, and "brilliant" in preventing Muslim–Jewish friction on the Mount.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabbinical consensus in the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionist</a> stream of Orthodox Judaism continues to hold that it is forbidden for Jews to enter any part of the Temple Mount<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in January 2005, a declaration was signed confirming the 1967 decision.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the eve of <a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a> in 2014, or 6th Sivan, 5774 in the Hebrew calendar, 400 Jews ascended the Temple Mount; some were photographed in prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-pray_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pray-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Obstacles">Obstacles</h4></div> <p>The most immediate and obvious obstacle to realization of these goals is the fact that two historic Islamic structures which are 13 centuries old, namely the <a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Al Aqsa Mosque</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>, are built on top of the Temple Mount. Any efforts to damage or reduce access to these sites, or to build Jewish structures within, between, beneath, beside, cantilevered on top of, or instead of them, could lead to severe international conflicts, given the association of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> world with these holy places.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dome of the Rock is regarded as occupying the actual space where the Second Temple once stood, but some scholars disagree and instead claim that the Temple was located either just north of the Dome of the Rock, or about 200 meters south of it, with access to the Gihon fresh water spring, or perhaps between the Dome of the Rock and the Al Aqsa Mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, most Orthodox Jewish scholars reject any attempts to build the Temple before the coming of Messiah. This is because there are many doubts as to the exact location in which it is required to be built. For example, while measurements are given in <a href="/wiki/Cubit" title="Cubit">cubits</a>, there exists a controversy whether this unit of measurement equals 1.84 feet, the scholarly consensus, or 1.43 feet, put forward by respected historian Asher Selig Kaufman.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without exact knowledge of the size of a cubit, the <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a> could not be built. The <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> recounts that the building of the Second Temple was only possible under the direct prophetic guidance of <a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a>. Without valid prophetic revelation, it would be impossible to rebuild the Temple, even if the mosques no longer occupied its location. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Status_of_Temple_Mount">Status of Temple Mount</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a></div> <p>Many rabbis interpret <i><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">halakha</a></i> (Jewish religious law) as prohibiting Jews from entering the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ariel_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ariel-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation is complicated as the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque fall under control of Muslim clerics, but Israeli police administer its security.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In 1996, the Israeli government opened an archeological tunnel just outside the compound, sparking riots in which 80 people, most of them Palestinians, were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A 2000 visit to the Temple Mount by <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> resulted in a clash between "stone-throwing Palestinians and Israeli troops, who fired tear gas and rubber bullets into the crowd," coinciding with the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> which <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Summit_of_2005" title="Sharm El Sheikh Summit of 2005">ended in 2005</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a> festival in 2006, <a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Israel)" title="National Union (Israel)">National Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> member <a href="/wiki/Uri_Ariel" title="Uri Ariel">Uri Ariel</a> visited the Temple Mount without incident and the Israeli police witnessed no provocation by the protestors.<sup id="cite_ref-ariel_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ariel-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewish_views">Jewish views</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orthodox_Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Venice)_La_distruzione_del_tempio_di_Gerusalemme_-Francesco_Hayez_-_gallerie_Accademia_Venice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%28Venice%29_La_distruzione_del_tempio_di_Gerusalemme_-Francesco_Hayez_-_gallerie_Accademia_Venice.jpg/260px-%28Venice%29_La_distruzione_del_tempio_di_Gerusalemme_-Francesco_Hayez_-_gallerie_Accademia_Venice.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%28Venice%29_La_distruzione_del_tempio_di_Gerusalemme_-Francesco_Hayez_-_gallerie_Accademia_Venice.jpg/390px-%28Venice%29_La_distruzione_del_tempio_di_Gerusalemme_-Francesco_Hayez_-_gallerie_Accademia_Venice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%28Venice%29_La_distruzione_del_tempio_di_Gerusalemme_-Francesco_Hayez_-_gallerie_Accademia_Venice.jpg/520px-%28Venice%29_La_distruzione_del_tempio_di_Gerusalemme_-Francesco_Hayez_-_gallerie_Accademia_Venice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5068" data-file-height="3643" /></a><figcaption>Destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem, by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Hayez" title="Francesco Hayez">Francesco Hayez</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Orthodox Judaism believes in the rebuilding of a Third Temple and the resumption of <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">korban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sacrifice#Judaism" title="Sacrifice">sacrifices</a>), although there is disagreement about how rebuilding should take place. Orthodox scholars and <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbinic</a> authorities generally believe that rebuilding should occur in the era of the <a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Jewish messiah</a> at the hand of <a href="/wiki/Divine_providence" title="Divine providence">divine providence</a>, although a minority position, following the opinion of <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>, holds that Jews should endeavour to rebuild the temple themselves, whenever possible.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (May 2019)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The generally accepted position among Orthodox Jews is that the full order of the sacrifices will be resumed upon the building of the Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This belief is embedded in Orthodox Jewish prayer services. Three times a day, Orthodox Jews recite the <a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a>, which contains prayers for the Temple's restoration and for the resumption of sacrifices, and every day there is a recitation of the order of the day's sacrifices and the <a href="/wiki/Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalm">psalms</a> the <a href="/wiki/Levites" class="mw-redirect" title="Levites">Levites</a> would have sung that day. <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a> authorities disavow all belief in the resumption of korban. </p><p>Maimonides wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guide_for_the_Perplexed" title="The Guide for the Perplexed">The Guide for the Perplexed</a></i> "that God deliberately has moved Jews away from sacrifices towards prayer, as prayer is a higher form of worship". However, in his Jewish legal code, the <i><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a></i>, he states that <a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice#Judaism" title="Animal sacrifice">animal sacrifices</a> will resume in the Third Temple, and details how they will be carried out.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (May 2010)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> attribute to Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Isaac_Kook" title="Abraham Isaac Kook">Abraham Isaac Kook</a> the view that animal sacrifices will not be reinstituted. These views on the Temple service are sometimes misconstrued (for example, in <i>Olat Raiyah</i>, commenting on the prophecy of <a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a> ("Then the grain-offering of Judah and Jerusalem will be pleasing to God as in the days of old and as in former years" [Malachi 3:4]), Kook indicates that only grain offerings will be offered in the reinstated Temple service, while in a related essay from <i>Igrot HaRaiyah</i> he suggests otherwise.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservative_Judaism">Conservative Judaism</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a> believes in a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Messiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Messiah">messiah</a> and in a rebuilt Temple, but does not believe in the restoration of <a href="/wiki/Korbanot" class="mw-redirect" title="Korbanot">sacrifices</a>. Accordingly, Conservative Judaism's <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Jewish_Law_and_Standards" title="Committee on Jewish Law and Standards">Committee on Jewish Law and Standards</a> has modified the prayers. Conservative prayer books call for the restoration of Temple, but do not ask for resumption of sacrifices. The Orthodox study session on sacrifices in the daily <a href="/wiki/Shacharit" title="Shacharit">morning</a> service has been replaced with the Talmudic passages teaching that deeds of loving-kindness now atone for sin. </p><p>In the daily Amidah prayer, the central prayer in <a href="/wiki/Jewish_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish services">Jewish services</a>, the petitions to accept the "fire offerings of Israel" and "the grain-offering of Judah and Jerusalem" (<a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a> 3:4) are removed. In the special <a href="/wiki/Mussaf" title="Mussaf">Mussaf</a> Amidah prayer said on <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Jewish holidays</a>, the Hebrew phrase <i>na'ase ve'nakriv</i> (we will present and sacrifice) is modified to read to <i>asu ve'hikrivu</i> (they presented and sacrificed), implying that sacrifices are a thing of the past. The prayer for the restoration of "the House of our lives" and the <a href="/wiki/Shekhinah" title="Shekhinah">Shekhinah</a> to dwell "among us" in the weekday <a href="/wiki/Torah_reading" title="Torah reading">Torah reading</a> service is retained in Conservative prayer books, although not all Conservative services say it. In Conservative prayer books, words and phrases that have dual meaning, referring to both Temple features and theological or poetic concepts, are generally retained. Translations and commentaries, however, generally refer to the poetic or theological meanings only. Conservative Judaism also takes an intermediate position on Kohanim and Levites, preserving patrilineal tribal descent and some aspects of their roles, but lifting restrictions on whom Kohanim are permitted to marry. </p><p>In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Jewish_Law_and_Standards" title="Committee on Jewish Law and Standards">Committee on Jewish Law and Standards</a> adapted a series of <a href="/wiki/Responsum" class="mw-redirect" title="Responsum">responsa</a> on the subject of the role, in Conservative Judaism, of <a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a>, a description of a woman during menstruation, which was considered in relation to the role of Temple-related concepts of <a href="/wiki/Tumah_and_taharah" title="Tumah and taharah">ritual purity</a> within contemporary Judaism. One responsum adopted by a majority of the Committee held that concepts of ritual purity relevant to entry into the Temple are no longer applicable to contemporary Judaism and accepted a proposal to change the term "<a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">family purity</a>" to "family holiness" and to explain the continuing observance of <i>niddah</i> on a different basis from continuity with Temple practices.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another responsum, also adopted by a majority of the committee, called for retaining existing observances, terminology, and rationale, and held that these Temple-related observances and concepts continued to have contemporary impact and meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, consistent with Conservative Judaism's philosophy of pluralism, both views of the continuing relevance of Temple-related concepts of ritual purity are permissible Conservative views. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a> includes the reconstructed Temple in his novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Old_New_Land" title="The Old New Land">Altneuland</a></i>, but along with an intact Dome of the Rock.<sup id="cite_ref-herzl_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herzl-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reform_Judaism">Reform Judaism</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform Judaism</a> does not believe in the rebuilding of a central Temple or a restoration of Temple sacrifices or worship. It regards the Temple and sacrificial era as a period of a more primitive form of ritual from which Judaism has evolved and should not return.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also believes a special role for <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohanim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Levite" title="Levite">Levites</a> represents a <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a> system incompatible with modern principles of <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarianism</a>, and does not preserve these roles. Furthermore, there is a Reform view that the <i>shul</i> or synagogue <i>is</i> a modern Temple; hence, "Temple" appears in numerous congregation names in Reform Judaism.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, the re-designation of the synagogue as "temple" was one of the hallmarks of early Reform in 19th-century Germany, when Berlin was declared the new Jerusalem, and Reform Jewry sought to demonstrate their staunch German nationalism. The <a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a> that characterized Reform Judaism throughout much of its history subsided significantly following the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> and the subsequent establishment and later successes of the modern state of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. The belief in the return of the Jews to the Temple in Jerusalem is not part of mainstream Reform Judaism however.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christian_views">Christian views</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_the_Old_Covenant" title="Christian views on the Old Covenant">Christian views on the Old Covenant</a></div> <p>While there are a number of differing views amongst <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> with regard to the significance or the requirement of a third temple being built in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem</a>, according to the writers of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a> (spoken of in <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_31:31%E2%80%9334" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremiah 31:31–34">Jeremiah 31:31–34</a>) is marked by the indwelling of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a> in the believer (<a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2036:26-27;&version=49">36:26–27</a>) and that therefore every believer's body and every gathering of believers comprise the temple, or that the temple has been <a href="/wiki/Supersessionism" title="Supersessionism">superseded</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul of Tarsus">Paul</a> illustrates this concept in his letter to the believers at <a href="/wiki/Early_centers_of_Christianity#Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Early centers of Christianity">Corinth</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit who is in you, whom you have from God, and that you are not your own? (1 Corinthians 6:19 <a href="/wiki/New_American_Standard_Bible" title="New American Standard Bible">NASB</a>)</p></blockquote> <p>This idea is related to the belief that <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a> himself, having claimed to be and do what the temple was and did, is the <i>new temple</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%202:19–21&version=nrsv">John 2:19–21</a>), and that <a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">his people</a>, as a part of the "<a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">body of Christ</a>" (meaning the <a href="/wiki/Christian_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian church">church</a>), are part of this temple as well (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Corinthians#6:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Corinthians">2 Corinthians 6:16</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Ephesians#2:19" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Ephesians">Ephesians 2:19–22</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Peter#2:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Peter">1 Peter 2:4–5</a>). The result, according to <a href="/wiki/N._T._Wright" title="N. T. Wright">N. T. Wright</a>, is that the earthly temple (along with the city of Jerusalem and the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>) is no longer of spiritual significance: </p> <dl><dd>[Paul] refers to the church, and indeed to individual Christians, as the 'temple of the living God' (1 Cor. 3:16, 6:19). To <a href="/wiki/Western_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Christians">Western Christians</a>, thinking anachronistically of the temple as simply the Jewish equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a>, the image is simply one metaphor among many and without much apparent significance. For a first-century Jew, however, the Temple had an enormous significance; as a result, when Paul uses such an image within twenty-five years of the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> (with the actual temple still standing), it is a striking index of the immense change that has taken place in his [Paul's] thought. The Temple had been <a href="/wiki/Supersessionism" title="Supersessionism">superseded</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a>. If this is so for the Temple, and in Romans 4 for the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Land</a>, then it must <i>a fortiori</i> be the case for <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem</a>, which formed the concentric circle in between those two in the normal Jewish worldview.<sup id="cite_ref-T._Wright_1994_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T._Wright_1994-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>In the teaching of both Jesus and Paul, then, according to Wright, </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>God’s house in Jerusalem was meant to be a ‘place of prayer for all the nations’ (Isaiah 56:7; Mark 11:17); but God would now achieve this through the new temple, which was Jesus himself and his people.<sup id="cite_ref-T._Wright_1994_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T._Wright_1994-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>T. Wright, 1994</cite></div></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Ben_F._Meyer" title="Ben F. Meyer">Ben F. Meyer</a>, also, argued that Jesus applied prophecy regarding <a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a> and temple to himself and his followers: </p> <dl><dd>[Jesus] affirmed the prophecies of <a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">salvation</a> with their <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">end-time</a> imagery Zion and the temple—belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Eschatological" class="mw-redirect" title="Eschatological">eschatological</a> themes that the "pilgrimage of the peoples" evoked. But contrary to the common expectation of his contemporaries, Jesus expected the destruction of the temple in the coming eschatological ordeal (Mark 13:2=Matt 24:2=Luke 21:6). The combination seems contradictory. How could he simultaneously predict the ruin of the temple in the ordeal and affirm the end-time fulfilment of promise and prophecy on Zion and temple? The paradox is irresolvable until one takes note of another trait of Jesus' words on the imagery of Zion and temple, namely, <i>the consistent application to his own <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciples</a> of Zion- and temple-imagery</i>: the city on the mountain (Matt 5:14; cf. Thomas, 32), the cosmic rock (Matt 16:18; cf. John 1:42), the new sanctuary (Mark 14:58; Matt 26:61). The mass of promise and prophecy will come to fulfilment in this eschatological and messianic circle of believers.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Some would therefore see the need for a third temple as being diminished, redundant, or entirely foreclosed and superseded, while others take a position that the building of the third temple is an integral part of <a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatology</a>. The various perspectives on the significance of the building of a third temple within Christianity are therefore generally linked to a number of factors including: the level of literal or spiritual interpretation applied to what is taken to be "end-time" prophecy; the perceived relationships between various scriptures such as <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_Thessalonians" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> (amongst others); whether or not a <a href="/wiki/Dual-covenant_theology" title="Dual-covenant theology">dual-covenant</a> is considered to be in place; and whether <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> promises of the restoration of Israel remain unfulfilled or have <a href="/wiki/Preterism#Partial_preterism" title="Preterism">all come true in the Messiah</a> (2 Corinthians 1:20). Such factors determine, for example, whether Daniel <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Daniel%209:27">9:27</a> or 2 Thessalonians <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Thessalonians%202:4&version=nrsv">2:4</a> are read as referring to a still-future physically restored third temple. </p><p>A number of these perspectives are illustrated below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_mainstream">Christian mainstream</h3></div> <p>The dominant view within <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> Christianity is that animal sacrifices within the Temple were a <i><a href="/wiki/Typology_(theology)" title="Typology (theology)">foreshadowing</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Atonement in Christianity">sacrifice</a> <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> made for the sins of the world through his crucifixion and shedding of <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">his blood</a> on the first day of <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Epistle to the Hebrews</a> is often cited in support of this view: the temple sacrifices are described as being imperfect, since they require repeating (ch. 10:1–4), and as belonging to a <a href="/wiki/Covenant_(biblical)" title="Covenant (biblical)">covenant</a> that was "becoming obsolete and growing old" and was "ready to vanish away" (ch. 8:13, <a href="/wiki/English_Standard_Version" title="English Standard Version">ESV</a>). See also <a href="/wiki/Abrogation_of_Old_Covenant_laws" title="Abrogation of Old Covenant laws">Abrogation of Old Covenant laws</a>. Christ's crucifixion, being a sacrifice which dealt with <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_sin" title="Christian views on sin">sin</a> once and for all, negated any need for further animal sacrifice. Christ himself is compared to the <a href="/wiki/Kohen_Gadol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohen Gadol">High Priest</a> who was always standing and performing rituals and sacrifices. Christ, however, having performed his sacrifice, "sat down" – perfection having been finally attained (ch. 10:11–14,18). Further, the veil or curtain to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a> is seen as having been torn asunder at the crucifixion – figuratively in connection with this theology (ch 10:19–21), and literally according to the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a> (ch 27:50–51). For these reasons, a third temple, whose partial purpose would be the re-institution of animal sacrifices, is seen as unnecessary and thus <a href="/wiki/Supersessionism" title="Supersessionism">superseded</a>. Irenaeus<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Hippolytus<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were among early church writers who foresaw a rebuilding of the Temple, as necessary for the preparation for the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a>. </p><p>Additionally, Jesus himself stated, in response to a <a href="/wiki/Samaritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan">Samaritan</a> asking whether it is right to worship on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a> or Mount Zion, that "a time is coming when you will worship the Father neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem... But in spirit and in truth". He stated of the <a href="/wiki/Herod%27s_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Herod's Temple">Herodian temple</a>, "Not one stone will be left on another; every one of them will be thrown down" – John 4:21, Luke 21:6. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Protestant">Protestant</h4></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Dispensationalist">Dispensationalist</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png/310px-Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png/465px-Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png/620px-Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png 2x" data-file-width="1532" data-file-height="1448" /></a><figcaption>"Ground Plan of Ezekiel's Temple" by dispensationalist author <a href="/wiki/Arno_Clemens_Gaebelein" class="mw-redirect" title="Arno Clemens Gaebelein">A. C. Gaebelein</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Those Protestants who do believe in the importance of a future rebuilt temple (viz., some <a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">dispensationalists</a>) hold that the importance of the sacrificial system shifts to a Memorial of the Cross, given the text of <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_39" title="Ezekiel 39">Ezekiel Chapters 39</a> and following (in addition to Millennial references to the Temple in other Old Testament passages); since Ezekiel explains at length the construction and nature of the Millennial temple, in which Jews will once again hold the priesthood; some others hold that perhaps it was not eliminated with Jesus' sacrifice for sin, but is a ceremonial object lesson for confession and forgiveness (somewhat like water baptism and Communion are today); and that such animal sacrifices would still be appropriate for ritual cleansing and for acts of celebration and thanksgiving toward God. Some dispensationalists believe this will be the case with the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a> when <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> reigns over earth from the city of <a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Statement needs to be more specific about the content to which it refers. (June 2007)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup> Some interpret a passage in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a>, Daniel 12:11, as a prophecy that the end of this age will occur shortly after sacrifices are ended in the newly rebuilt temple.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1762, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wesley" title="Charles Wesley">Charles Wesley</a> wrote:<sup id="cite_ref-wes_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wes-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>We know, it must be done,<br /> For God hath spoke the word,<br /> All Israel shall their Saviour own,<br /> To their first state restor’d:<br /> Re-built by his command,<br /> Jerusalem shall rise,<br /> Her temple on Moriah stand<br /> Again, and touch the skies. </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Dispensational_Evangelical">Dispensational Evangelical</h5></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Third_Temple" title="Special:EditPage/Third Temple">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a> Christians believe that New Testament prophecies associated with the Jewish Temple, such as Matthew 24–25 and 2 Thessalonians 2:1–12, were not completely fulfilled during the Roman destruction of Jerusalem in 70<i> </i>CE (a belief of <a href="/wiki/Full_preterism" class="mw-redirect" title="Full preterism">full preterism</a>) and that these prophecies refer to a future temple. This view is a core part of <a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">dispensationalism</a>, an interpretative framework of the Bible that stresses <a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">biblical literalism</a> and asserts that the Jews remain God's <a href="/wiki/Chosen_people" title="Chosen people">chosen people</a>. According to dispensationalist theologians, such as <a href="/wiki/Hal_Lindsey" title="Hal Lindsey">Hal Lindsey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">Tim LaHaye</a>, the Third Temple will be rebuilt when the <a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a>, often identified as the political leader of a trans-national alliance similar to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> or the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, secures a peace treaty between the modern nation of Israel and its neighbours following a global war. The Antichrist later uses the temple as a venue for proclaiming himself as God and the long-awaited Messiah, demanding worship from humanity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roman_Catholic_and_Eastern_Orthodox">Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Religious_text_primary plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>uses <a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">texts from within a religion or faith system</a></b> without referring to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PSTS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PSTS">secondary sources</a> that critically analyze them.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third_Temple&action=edit">improve this article</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> Christians believe that the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>, which they hold to be one in substance with the one self-sacrifice of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Christ</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Cross" title="Cross">Cross</a>, is a far superior offering when compared with the merely preparatory temple sacrifices, as explained in the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Epistle to the Hebrews</a>. They also believe that Christ Himself is the <i>New Temple</i>, as spoken of in the Book of Revelation and that Revelation can best be understood as the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_to_Come" class="mw-redirect" title="World to Come">heaven on earth</a>. Their church buildings are meant to model <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a>, containing the Eucharist, being considered the new "Holy of Holies." Therefore, they do not attach any significance to a possible future rebuilding of the Jerusalem Temple. </p><p>The Orthodox also quote <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/kjv/dan009.htm#027">Daniel 9:27</a> ("... <i>he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease</i> ...") to show that the sacrifices would stop with the arrival of the Messiah, and mention that according to Jesus, St. Paul and the Holy Fathers, the temple will only be rebuilt in the times of the Antichrist. </p><p>Quotations: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/bible/matthew/24">Matthew 24:15</a> "When you see the desolating abomination spoken of through Daniel the prophet standing in the holy place (let the reader understand)...." </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/bible/2Thessalonians/2">2 Thessalonians 2:3–4</a> "Let no one deceive you in any way. For unless the apostasy comes first and the lawless one is revealed,* the one doomed to perdition, who opposes and exalts himself above every so-called god and object of worship, so as to seat himself in the temple of God,* claiming that he is a god – do you not recall that while I was still with you I told you these things?" </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latter_Day_Saints">Latter Day Saints</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saints</a> (LDS) believe that the Jews will build the Third Temple before the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_(LDS_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming (LDS Church)">Second Coming of Jesus Christ</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and after the Second Coming the Jews will accept Jesus as the Messiah. Most Jews will then embrace the fullness of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Then, it is believed, the Third Temple will be God's temple as Christ reigns on the earth, and it will become the Jerusalem LDS Temple.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There will be many <a href="/wiki/Temple_(LDS_Church)" title="Temple (LDS Church)">LDS Temples</a> but two main temples will jointly serve as the central governing places – the Jerusalem Temple will function as the resurrected Jesus Christ's <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a> governing place and the <a href="/wiki/Temple_lot" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple lot">New Jerusalem Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence, Missouri</a>, will function as the resurrected Jesus Christ's <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a> governing place.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Both of these two temples will have <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">thrones</a> for Jesus Christ to sit on during his millennial reign.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Christ" title="Community of Christ">Community of Christ</a>, the second largest denomination of the <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a>, has operated a temple, open to the public, in Independence, Missouri, since 1994. Another denomination of the LDS movement, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Christ_(Temple_Lot)" title="Church of Christ (Temple Lot)">Church of Christ (Temple Lot)</a>, possess the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Lot" title="Temple Lot">Temple Lot</a>, the actual spot on which the Temple will be built. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Muslim_view">Muslim view</h2></div> <p>Most Muslims view the movement for the building of a Third Temple on the Temple Mount as an affront to Islam due to the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> in the stead of the former Holy Temple. Today the area is regarded by the majority of Muslims as the <a href="/wiki/Holiest_sites_in_Islam" title="Holiest sites in Islam">third holiest site in Islam</a>. Muslims are resolute in calling for recognition of their exclusive rights over the site and demand that it be wholly transferred to Muslim sovereignty; furthermore, some Muslims <a href="/wiki/Temple_denial" title="Temple denial">deny any association with the Mount to the former Jewish Temples</a> which stood at the site.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> was initiated in reaction to <a href="/wiki/Denis_Michael_Rohan" title="Denis Michael Rohan">Denis Michael Rohan</a>, an Australian Christian who <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_mosque_fire" title="Al-Aqsa mosque fire">set fire to a 12th-century pulpit</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Al-Aqsa mosque</a>, in an attempt to initiate the second coming of Christ. The protection of the Al-Aqsa Mosque is in the primary mandate of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baháʼí_view"><span id="Bah.C3.A1.CA.BC.C3.AD_view"></span>Baháʼí view</h2></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>, the prophecy of the Third Temple was fulfilled with the writing of the <a href="/wiki/Summons_of_the_Lord_of_Hosts#Súriy-i-Haykal_(Tablet_of_the_Temple)" title="Summons of the Lord of Hosts">Súriy-i-Haykal</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'u'lláh">Bahá'u'lláh</a> in pentacle form.<sup id="cite_ref-rob3_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob3-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Súriy-i-Haykal or Tablet of the Temple, is a composite work which consists of a tablet followed by five messages addressed to world leaders; shortly after its completion, Bahá'u'lláh instructed the tablet be written in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Pentacle" title="Pentacle">pentacle</a>, symbolizing the human temple and added to it the conclusion:<sup id="cite_ref-slh_intro_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slh_intro-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Thus have We built the Temple with the hands of power and might, could ye but know it. This is the Temple promised unto you in the Book. Draw ye nigh unto it. This is that which profiteth you, could ye but comprehend it. Be fair, O peoples of the earth! Which is preferable, this, or a temple which is built of clay? Set your faces towards it. Thus have ye been commanded by God, the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting.<sup id="cite_ref-slh_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slh-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</a>, the head of the Baháʼí Faith in the first half of the 20th century, explained that this verse refers to the prophecy in the Hebrew Bible where <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a> had promised the rebuilding of the Temple in the End Times as fulfilled in the return of the <a href="/wiki/Manifestation_of_God_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith)" title="Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith)">Manifestation of God</a>, Bahá'u'lláh, in a human temple.<sup id="cite_ref-slh_intro_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slh_intro-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pdic_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdic-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the tablet, Bahá'u'lláh addresses the Temple (himself) and explains the glory which is invested in it allowing all the nations of the world to find redemption.<sup id="cite_ref-rob3_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob3-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shawamreh_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shawamreh-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the tablet, Bahá'u'lláh states that the Manifestation of God is a pure mirror that reflects the sovereignty of God and manifests God's beauty and grandeur to mankind.<sup id="cite_ref-rob3_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob3-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In essence, Bahá'u'lláh explains that the Manifestation of God is a "Living Temple" and Bahá'u'lláh addresses the organs and limbs of the human body and bids each to focus on God and not the earthly world.<sup id="cite_ref-rob3_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob3-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Zerubbabel" title="Apocalypse of Zerubbabel">Apocalypse of Zerubbabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Gate" title="Beautiful Gate">Beautiful Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel%27s_Temple" title="Ezekiel's Temple">Ezekiel's Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Hirsch_Kalischer#Views_on_the_re-settlement_of_the_Land_of_Israel" title="Zvi Hirsch Kalischer">Tzvi Hirsh Kaliszer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_heifer" title="Red heifer">Red heifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple" title="Temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TempleOS" title="TempleOS">TempleOS</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShani2017" class="citation news cs1">Shani, Ayelett (10 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-the-israelis-who-take-third-temple-very-seriously-1.5441607">"The Israelis who take rebuilding the Third Temple very seriously"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=The+Israelis+who+take+rebuilding+the+Third+Temple+very+seriously&rft.date=2017-08-10&rft.aulast=Shani&rft.aufirst=Ayelett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F.premium.MAGAZINE-the-israelis-who-take-third-temple-very-seriously-1.5441607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMostafa2018" class="citation web cs1">Mostafa, Mohamed Galal (31 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/religion-and-israel-palestinian-conflict-cause-consequence-and-cure">"Religion and the Israel-Palestinian Conflict: Cause, Consequence, and Cure"</a>. <i>The Washington Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Institute&rft.atitle=Religion+and+the+Israel-Palestinian+Conflict%3A+Cause%2C+Consequence%2C+and+Cure&rft.date=2018-05-31&rft.aulast=Mostafa&rft.aufirst=Mohamed+Galal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Freligion-and-israel-palestinian-conflict-cause-consequence-and-cure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-groundwork-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-groundwork_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-groundwork_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiske2013" class="citation web cs1">Fiske, Gavriel (16 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/laying-the-groundwork-for-a-third-temple-in-jerusalem/">"Laying the groundwork for a Third Temple in Jerusalem"</a>. <i>The Times of Israel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Laying+the+groundwork+for+a+Third+Temple+in+Jerusalem&rft.date=2013-07-16&rft.aulast=Fiske&rft.aufirst=Gavriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Flaying-the-groundwork-for-a-third-temple-in-jerusalem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2471-bar-kokba-and-bar-kokba-war#anchor2">"BAR KOKBA AND BAR KOKBA WAR"</a>. <i>jewishencyclopedia.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=BAR+KOKBA+AND+BAR+KOKBA+WAR&rft.btitle=jewishencyclopedia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F2471-bar-kokba-and-bar-kokba-war%23anchor2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelstein2011" class="citation thesis cs1">Finkelstein, Aryay Bennett (2011). <i>Julian among Jews, Christians and 'Hellenes' in Antioch: Jewish Practice as a Guide to 'Hellenes' and a Goad to Christians</i> (Thesis). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/879089978">879089978</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Julian+among+Jews%2C+Christians+and+%27Hellenes%27+in+Antioch%3A+Jewish+Practice+as+a+Guide+to+%27Hellenes%27+and+a+Goad+to+Christians&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Aryay+Bennett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (November 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-julian3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-julian3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-julian3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/opinion/emperor-julian-and-the-dream-of-a-third-temple-516999">"Emperor Julian and the dream of a third temple"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com</i>. 4 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%7C+JPost.com&rft.atitle=Emperor+Julian+and+the+dream+of+a+third+temple&rft.date=2017-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fopinion%2Femperor-julian-and-the-dream-of-a-third-temple-516999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Britannica Deluxe 2002 and Stewart Henry Perowne.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus, Book 23, Chap. 1, Line 3).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Solomon-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Solomon_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/julian-jews.html">"Julian and the Jews 361–363 CE"</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gibsoncondo.com/~david/convert/history.html">"Julian the Apostate and the Holy Temple"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051020130904/http://www.gibsoncondo.com/~david/convert/history.html">Archived</a> 2005-10-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarmi1997" class="citation book cs1">Karmi, Ghada (1997). <i>Jerusalem Today: What Future for the Peace Process?</i>. Garnet & Ithaca Press. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86372-226-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-86372-226-1"><bdi>0-86372-226-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+Today%3A+What+Future+for+the+Peace+Process%3F&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Garnet+%26+Ithaca+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-86372-226-1&rft.aulast=Karmi&rft.aufirst=Ghada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbedrosian.com/seb9.htm">Sebeos' <i>History</i></a>. Translated from Classical Armenian by Robert Bedrosian.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sebeos' <i>History</i>, Chapter 31.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.attalus.org/armenian/seb9.htm#29.">[1]</a> See also Crone & Cook, <i>Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World</i> (Cambridge University Press, 1977), p. 10; Suermann, H. "Early Islam in the Light of Christian and Jewish Sources" in Neuwrith, Sinai, & Marx (eds.), <i>The Qur'ān in Context</i> (Brill, 2010), pp. 135–148; and Wright, Robert, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hm15lrKLpIEC"><i>The Evolution of God</i></a>, ebook edition, chapter 16 (Little, Brown and Company, 2009) for discussions of this and related accounts.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chagim.org.il/STUDY/%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99-%D7%A9%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95-%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%91%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94%2C-%D7%94%D7%95%D7%90-%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95-%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94">מתוך מכתב הרמב"ן לבנו, 1268</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/apocalypse/readings/forcing.html">"Forcing the End. (Evangelicals and rabbis' look at the Six day War and views about End Times)"</a>. pbs.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forcing+the+End.+%28Evangelicals+and+rabbis%27+look+at+the+Six+day+War+and+views+about+End+Times%29&rft.pub=pbs.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Fapocalypse%2Freadings%2Fforcing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.templemount.org/tempprep.html">"Preparations for a Third Jewish Temple. (Goren about Temple Mount)"</a>. templemount.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preparations+for+a+Third+Jewish+Temple.+%28Goren+about+Temple+Mount%29&rft.pub=templemount.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.templemount.org%2Ftempprep.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Jerusalem_Connection-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Jerusalem_Connection_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLapidothHirsch1994" class="citation book cs1">Lapidoth, Ruth E.; Hirsch, Moche (1994). <i>The Jerusalem Question and Its Resolution: Selected Documents</i>. Jerusalem: Martinus Nijhoff. p. 542. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7923-2893-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7923-2893-0"><bdi>0-7923-2893-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jerusalem+Question+and+Its+Resolution%3A+Selected+Documents&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=542&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-7923-2893-0&rft.aulast=Lapidoth&rft.aufirst=Ruth+E.&rft.au=Hirsch%2C+Moche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hassner, Ron E., "War on Sacred Grounds," Cornell University Press (2009), pp. 113–133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These rabbis include: <a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Eliyahu" title="Mordechai Eliyahu">Mordechai Eliyahu</a>, former Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel; <a href="/wiki/Zalman_Baruch_Melamed" title="Zalman Baruch Melamed">Zalman Baruch Melamed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">rosh yeshiva</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Beit_El_yeshiva" title="Beit El yeshiva">Beit El yeshiva</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Waldenberg" title="Eliezer Waldenberg">Eliezer Waldenberg</a>, former rabbinical judge in the Rabbinical Supreme Court of the State of Israel; <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Yitzchak_Kook" class="mw-redirect" title="Avraham Yitzchak Kook">Avraham Yitzchak Kook</a>, Chief Rabbi of Palestine (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kadosh.co.il/mkdsh026.html">Mikdash-Build (Vol. I, No. 26)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927090658/http://kadosh.co.il/mkdsh026.html">Archived</a> 2013-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>); <a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Nebenzahl" title="Avigdor Nebenzahl">Avigdor Nebenzahl</a>, Rabbi of the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a> of Jerusalem.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These rabbis include: Rabbis <a href="/wiki/Yona_Metzger" title="Yona Metzger">Yona Metzger</a> (Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel); <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Amar" title="Shlomo Amar">Shlomo Amar</a> (Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel); <a href="/wiki/Ovadia_Yosef" title="Ovadia Yosef">Ovadia Yosef</a> (spiritual leader of Sefardi Haredi Judaism and of the <a href="/wiki/Shas" title="Shas">Shas</a> party, and former Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel); <a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Bakshi-Doron" title="Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron">Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron</a> (former Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel); Shmuel Rabinowitz (rabbi of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a>); <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Shapiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Avraham Shapiro">Avraham Shapiro</a> (former Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel); <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Aviner" title="Shlomo Aviner">Shlomo Aviner</a> (rosh yeshiva of <a href="/wiki/Ateret_Cohanim" title="Ateret Cohanim">Ateret Cohanim</a>); <a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Meir_Lau" title="Yisrael Meir Lau">Yisrael Meir Lau</a> (former Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel and current Chief Rabbi of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>). <i>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.templeinstitute.org/archive/25-01-05.htm">Leading rabbis rule Temple Mount is off-limits to Jews</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120924071750/http://www.templeinstitute.org/archive/25-01-05.htm">Archived</a> 24 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pray-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pray_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140603134139/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/181344">"Temple Mount is Jewish for a Day"</a>. <i>Arutz Sheva</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/181344">the original</a> on 3 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arutz+Sheva&rft.atitle=Temple+Mount+is+Jewish+for+a+Day&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F181344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/232881">"Radical cleric calls for 'Islamic war' for Jerusalem"</a>. Arutz Sheva. 24 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radical+cleric+calls+for+%27Islamic+war%27+for+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Arutz+Sheva&rft.date=2017-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F232881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.templemount.org/theories.html">"Four Temple Location Theories by Lambert Dolphin"</a>. <i>www.templemount.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.templemount.org&rft.atitle=Four+Temple+Location+Theories+by+Lambert+Dolphin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.templemount.org%2Ftheories.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseret.com/2005/9/3/19910255/just-how-much-is-a-cubit-anyway">"Just how much is a cubit, anyway?"</a>. <i>Deseret News</i>. 3 September 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Just+how+much+is+a+cubit%2C+anyway%3F&rft.date=2005-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseret.com%2F2005%2F9%2F3%2F19910255%2Fjust-how-much-is-a-cubit-anyway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ariel-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ariel_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ariel_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070210110336/https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/772340.html">"Rightist MK Ariel visits Temple Mount as thousands throng Wall"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. 9 October 2006. 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English Translation by Lotta Levenson</i></a>. Princeton, New Jersey: Markus Wiener Publishing and the Herzl Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oldnewlandaltneu0000herz/page/109">109</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781558761605" title="Special:BookSources/9781558761605"><bdi>9781558761605</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Altneuland.+English+Translation+by+Lotta+Levenson.&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Markus+Wiener+Publishing+and+the+Herzl+Press&rft.date=1941&rft.isbn=9781558761605&rft.aulast=Herzl&rft.aufirst=Theodor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foldnewlandaltneu0000herz%2Fpage%2F109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarshal2019" class="citation web cs1">Warshal, Rabbi Bruce (18 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sun-sentinel.com/2019/11/18/lets-rethink-the-temple-and-the-temple-mount-opinion/">"Let's rethink the Temple and the Temple Mount | Opinion"</a>. <i>Sun Sentinel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%7C+JPost.com&rft.atitle=Temple+time%3F&rft.date=2008-10-16&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fjewish-world%2Fjewish-features%2Ftemple-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-T._Wright_1994-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-T._Wright_1994_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-T._Wright_1994_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">N. T. Wright, "Jerusalem in the New Testament" (1994)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben F. Meyer, "The Temple at the Navel of the Earth," in <i>Christus Faber: the master builder and the house of God</i>, Princeton Theological Monograph Series no. 29 (Allison Park, Pennsylvania: Pickwick Publications, 1992) pp. 217, 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Assuming Nisan 15, see <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus#Scholarly_debate_on_the_hour,_day,_and_year_of_death" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology of Jesus#Scholarly debate on the hour, day, and year of death</a> for details.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carm.org/irenaeus-heresies4-21-41">"Irenaeus Against Heresies – CARM Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry"</a>. 22 July 2010. Book 4, Chapters 21 to 41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Irenaeus+Against+Heresies+%E2%80%93+CARM+Christian+Apologetics+%26+Research+Ministry&rft.pages=Book+4%2C+Chapters+21+to+41&rft.date=2010-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcarm.org%2Firenaeus-heresies4-21-41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHippolytus" class="citation book cs1">Hippolytus. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ante-Nicene_Fathers/Volume_V/Hippolytus/The_Extant_Works_and_Fragments_of_Hippolytus/Dogmatical_and_Historical/Treatise_on_Christ_and_Antichrist"><i>Ante-Nicene Fathers Vol. V, Hippolytus, The Extant Works and Fragments of Hippolytus, Dogmatical and Historical</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ante-Nicene+Fathers+Vol.+V%2C+Hippolytus%2C+The+Extant+Works+and+Fragments+of+Hippolytus%2C+Dogmatical+and+Historical&rft.au=Hippolytus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FAnte-Nicene_Fathers%2FVolume_V%2FHippolytus%2FThe_Extant_Works_and_Fragments_of_Hippolytus%2FDogmatical_and_Historical%2FTreatise_on_Christ_and_Antichrist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wes-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wes_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717011126/http://wesley-fellowship.org.uk/Zionist_Hymn.html">"<i>A Wesley 'Zionist' Hymn?</i> Charles Wesley's hymn, published in 1762 and included by John Wesley in his 1780 hymn-book, A Collection of Hymns for the use of the People called Methodists"</a>. <i>The Wesley Fellowship</i>. 1 July 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesley-fellowship.org.uk/Zionist_Hymn.html">the original</a> on 17 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wesley+Fellowship&rft.atitle=A+Wesley+%27Zionist%27+Hymn%3F+Charles+Wesley%27s+hymn%2C+published+in+1762+and+included+by+John+Wesley+in+his+1780+hymn-book%2C+A+Collection+of+Hymns+for+the+use+of+the+People+called+Methodists&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wesley-fellowship.org.uk%2FZionist_Hymn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1938" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Smith, Joseph Fielding</a> (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q4zqk3Mslx8C&q=temple"><i>Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Deseret_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Deseret Book">Deseret Book</a>. p. 286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781441493729" title="Special:BookSources/9781441493729"><bdi>9781441493729</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teachings+of+the+Prophet+Joseph+Smith&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=Deseret+Book&rft.date=1938&rft.isbn=9781441493729&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Fielding&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq4zqk3Mslx8C%26q%3Dtemple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_Joseph_Fielding1954–1956" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fielding_Smith" title="Joseph Fielding Smith">Smith, Joseph Fielding</a> (1954–1956). <i>Doctrines of Salvation: Sermons and Writings of Joseph Fielding Smith, 3 vols</i>. compiled by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_R._McConkie" title="Bruce R. McConkie">Bruce R. McConkie</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bookcraft" title="Bookcraft">Bookcraft</a> <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake City, Utah">Salt Lake City, Utah</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doctrines+of+Salvation%3A+Sermons+and+Writings+of+Joseph+Fielding+Smith%2C+3+vols&rft.pub=Bookcraft+Salt+Lake+City%2C+Utah&rft.date=1954%2F1956&rft.au=Smith%2C+Joseph+Fielding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific volume in which the source appears. (May 2016)">volume needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFendel2006" class="citation web cs1">Fendel, Hillel (6 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=114927">"Israeli Sheikh: Temple Mount is Entirely Islamic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arutz_Sheva" title="Arutz Sheva">Arutz Sheva</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2006</span>. <q>We remind, for the 1,000th time, that the entire Al-Aqsa mosque, including all of its area and alleys above the ground and under it, is exclusive and absolute Muslim property, and no one else has any rights to even one grain of earth in it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israeli+Sheikh%3A+Temple+Mount+is+Entirely+Islamic&rft.pub=Arutz+Sheva&rft.date=2006-11-06&rft.aulast=Fendel&rft.aufirst=Hillel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2Fnews.php3%3Fid%3D114927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNahmias2007" class="citation news cs1">Nahmias, Roee (17 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3366266,00.html">"Sheikh Salah: Western Wall belongs to Muslims"</a>. <i>Ynetnews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Sheikh+Salah%3A+Western+Wall+belongs+to+Muslims&rft.date=2007-02-17&rft.aulast=Nahmias&rft.aufirst=Roee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3366266%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rob3-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rob3_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rob3_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rob3_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rob3_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaherzadeh1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adib_Taherzadeh" title="Adib Taherzadeh">Taherzadeh, Adib</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peyman.info/cl/Baha%27i/Others/ROB/V3/p133-146Ch07.html"><i>The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh, Volume 3: 'Akka, The Early Years 1868–77</i></a>. Oxford, England, UK: George Ronald. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85398-144-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-85398-144-2"><bdi>0-85398-144-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Revelation+of+Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h%2C+Volume+3%3A+%27Akka%2C+The+Early+Years+1868%E2%80%9377&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England%2C+UK&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=George+Ronald&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-85398-144-2&rft.aulast=Taherzadeh&rft.aufirst=Adib&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peyman.info%2Fcl%2FBaha%2527i%2FOthers%2FROB%2FV3%2Fp133-146Ch07.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slh_intro-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-slh_intro_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-slh_intro_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversal_House_of_Justice2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Universal_House_of_Justice" title="Universal House of Justice">Universal House of Justice</a> (2002). "Introduction". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/b/SLH/slh-3.html"><i>The Summons of the Lord of Hosts</i></a>. Haifa, Israel: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_World_Centre" title="Baháʼí World Centre">Baháʼí World Centre</a>. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85398-976-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85398-976-1"><bdi>0-85398-976-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Summons+of+the+Lord+of+Hosts&rft.place=Haifa%2C+Israel&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+World+Centre&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-85398-976-1&rft.au=Universal+House+of+Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freference.bahai.org%2Fen%2Ft%2Fb%2FSLH%2Fslh-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slh-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-slh_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahá'u'lláh2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'u'lláh">Bahá'u'lláh</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/b/SLH/slh-9.html#gr276"><i>The Summons of the Lord of Hosts</i></a>. Haifa Israel: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_World_Centre" title="Baháʼí World Centre">Baháʼí World Centre</a>. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85398-976-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85398-976-1"><bdi>0-85398-976-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Summons+of+the+Lord+of+Hosts&rft.place=Haifa+Israel&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+World+Centre&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-85398-976-1&rft.au=Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freference.bahai.org%2Fen%2Ft%2Fb%2FSLH%2Fslh-9.html%23gr276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pdic-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pdic_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEffendi1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi">Effendi, Shoghi</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/PDC/pdc-12.html#gr6"><i>Promised Day is Come</i></a>. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 47–48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87743-244-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87743-244-9"><bdi>0-87743-244-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Promised+Day+is+Come&rft.place=Wilmette%2C+Illinois%2C+USA&rft.pages=47-48&rft.pub=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Publishing+Trust&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-87743-244-9&rft.aulast=Effendi&rft.aufirst=Shoghi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freference.bahai.org%2Fen%2Ft%2Fse%2FPDC%2Fpdc-12.html%23gr6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shawamreh-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shawamreh_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShawamreh1998" class="citation web cs1">Shawamreh, Cynthia C. (December 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/shawamreh_haykal_prophecies_zechariah">"Comparison of the Suriy-i-Haykal and the Prophecies of Zechariah"</a>. bahai-library.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparison+of+the+Suriy-i-Haykal+and+the+Prophecies+of+Zechariah&rft.pub=bahai-library.org&rft.date=1998-12&rft.aulast=Shawamreh&rft.aufirst=Cynthia+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fshawamreh_haykal_prophecies_zechariah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Gorenberg, Gershom. <i>The End of Days: Fundamentalism and the Struggle for the Temple Mount</i>. Free Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-87179-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-87179-3">0-684-87179-3</a> (Journalist's view)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ha%27ivri" title="David Ha'ivri">David Ha'ivri</a>. <i>Reclaiming the Temple Mount</i>. HaMeir L'David, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-90509-6-8" title="Special:BookSources/965-90509-6-8">965-90509-6-8</a> (Overview of the History of the Temple Mount and advocacy of immediate rebuilding of a Third Temple)</li> <li>Grant R. Jeffrey. <i>The New Temple and The Second Coming</i>. WaterBrook Press, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-7107-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-7107-4">978-1-4000-7107-4</a></li> <li>N. T. Wright, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501032326/http://www.ntwrightpage.com/Wright_Jerusalem_New_Testament.pdf">"Jerusalem in the New Testament"</a> (1994) (Jesus claimed to do and be what the Temple was and did)</li> <li>Ben F. Meyer. "The Temple at the Navel of the Earth," in <i>Christus Faber: the master builder and the house of God</i>. Princeton Theological Monograph Series no. 29. Allison Park, Pennsylvania: <a href="/wiki/Pickwick_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Pickwick Publications">Pickwick Publications</a>, 1992. (Arguing that, for Jesus, the real referents of the imagery of biblical promise—Zion, or cosmic rock and, on it, God's gleaming temple of the end of days—were himself and his messianic remnant of believers.)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Temple_Mount_/_Al-Aqsa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Temple_Mount_and_Al-Aqsa" title="Template:Temple Mount and Al-Aqsa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Temple_Mount_and_Al-Aqsa" title="Template talk:Temple Mount and Al-Aqsa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Temple_Mount_and_Al-Aqsa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Temple Mount and Al-Aqsa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Temple_Mount_/_Al-Aqsa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> / <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayer halls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Stables" title="Solomon's Stables">Marwani Prayer Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Ascension" title="Dome of the Ascension">Dome of the Ascension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Chain" title="Dome of the Chain">Dome of the Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_al-Khidr" title="Dome of al-Khidr">Dome of al-Khidr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_al-Khalili" title="Dome of al-Khalili">Dome of al-Khalili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Prophet" title="Dome of the Prophet">Dome of the Prophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Spirits" title="Dome of the Spirits">Dome of the Spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_Yusuf" title="Dome of Yusuf">Dome of Yusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_Yusuf_Agha" title="Dome of Yusuf Agha">Dome of Yusuf Agha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Qasim_Pasha" title="Fountain of Qasim Pasha">Fountain of Qasim Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Qayt_Bay" title="Fountain of Qayt Bay">Fountain of Qayt Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-N%C4%81ranj_Pool" title="An-Nāranj Pool">An-Nāranj Pool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Museum,_Jerusalem" title="Islamic Museum, Jerusalem">Islamic Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Library" title="Al-Aqsa Library">Library</a></li> <li>Madrasas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa_al-Ashrafiyya" title="Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya">Ashrafiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tankiziyya" title="Tankiziyya">Tankiziyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthmaniyya_Madrasa_(Jerusalem)" title="Al-Uthmaniyya Madrasa (Jerusalem)">Uthmaniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatuniyya_Madrasa_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatuniyya Madrasa (Jerusalem)">Khatuniyya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Walls and entries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minarets_of_the_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Minarets of the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound">Minarets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mawazin" title="Al-Mawazin">Al-Mawazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount" title="Gates of the Temple Mount">Gates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspector%27s_Gate" title="Inspector's Gate">Inspector's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Merchants%27_Gate" title="Cotton Merchants' Gate">Cotton Merchants'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_Gate_(Jerusalem)" title="Chain Gate (Jerusalem)">Chain</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Islamic Waqf">Jerusalem Islamic Waqf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_is_in_danger" title="Al-Aqsa is in danger">Al-Aqsa is in danger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabitat" title="Murabitat">Murabitat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Aqsa_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Aqsa massacre (page does not exist)">Al-Aqsa massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Flood">Al-Aqsa Flood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jewish elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Bible)" title="Altar (Bible)">Altar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hekhal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hekhal">Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molten_Sea" title="Molten Sea">Molten Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Porch" title="Solomon's Porch">Solomon's Porch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_menorah" title="Temple menorah">Temple menorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_treasury" title="Temple treasury">Temple treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren%27s_Gate" title="Warren's Gate">Warren's Gate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_denial" title="Temple denial">Temple denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_the_Jewish_Temple" title="Replicas of the Jewish Temple">Replicas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holyland_Model_of_Jerusalem" title="Holyland Model of Jerusalem">Holyland Model of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schick_models_of_Jerusalem" title="Schick models of Jerusalem">Schick models of Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Third Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Western_Wall" title="Little Western Wall">Little Western Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dung_Gate" title="Dung Gate">Dung Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Wall_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Western Wall Heritage Foundation">The Western Wall Heritage Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughrabi_Bridge" title="Mughrabi Bridge">Mughrabi Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placing_notes_in_the_Western_Wall" title="Placing notes in the Western Wall">Placing notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Stone" title="Western Stone">Western Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_Arch_(Jerusalem)" title="Wilson's Arch (Jerusalem)">Wilson's Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Stone" title="Western Stone">Western Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall_Tunnel" title="Western Wall Tunnel">Western Wall Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kotel_compromise" title="Kotel compromise">Kotel compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Western_Wall_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="1930 Western Wall Commission">Western Wall Commission</a></li> <li>Advocacy groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HaLiba" title="HaLiba">HaLiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Temple_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="The Temple Institute">The Temple Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_Faithful" title="Temple Mount Faithful">Temple Mount Faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon_of_the_Wall" title="Platoon of the Wall">Platoon of the Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro%E2%80%93Wailing_Wall_Committee" title="Pro–Wailing Wall Committee">Pro–Wailing Wall Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_for_the_Wall" title="Women for the Wall">Women for the Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_the_Wall" title="Women of the Wall">Women of the Wall</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shekhinah" title="Shekhinah">Shekhinah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_seat" title="Mercy seat">Mercy seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boaz_and_Jachin" title="Boaz and Jachin">Boaz and Jachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinson%27s_Arch" title="Robinson's Arch">Robinson's Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallal" title="Kallal">Urn for ashes of the Red Heifer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Walls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wall" title="Eastern Wall">Eastern Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Wall" title="Southern Wall">Southern Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Hewn_Stones" title="Hall of Hewn Stones">Hall of Hewn Stones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Stone" title="Foundation Stone">Foundation Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acra_(fortress)" title="Acra (fortress)">Acra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fortress" title="Antonia Fortress">Antonia Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birket_Israel" title="Birket Israel">Birket Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_Baris" title="Hasmonean Baris">Hasmonean Baris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_the_Virgins" title="Monastery of the Virgins">Monastery of the Virgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_of_Raranj" class="mw-redirect" title="Pool of Raranj">Pool of Raranj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Baris" title="Ptolemaic Baris">Ptolemaic Baris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Stoa_(Jerusalem)" title="Royal Stoa (Jerusalem)">Royal Stoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Stables" title="Solomon's Stables">Solomon's Stables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struthion_Pool" title="Struthion Pool">Struthion Pool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount" title="Gates of the Temple Mount">Gates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mawazin" title="Al-Mawazin">Al-Mawazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_(Jerusalem)" title="Golden Gate (Jerusalem)">Golden Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huldah_Gates" title="Huldah Gates">Huldah Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lions%27_Gate" title="Lions' Gate">Lions' Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren%27s_Gate" title="Warren's Gate">Warren's Gate</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Gate" title="Beautiful Gate">Beautiful Gate</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Excavations_at_the_Temple_Mount" title="Excavations at the Temple Mount">Excavations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_remnants_of_the_Jerusalem_Temple" title="Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple">Archaeological remnants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_Sifting_Project" title="Temple Mount Sifting Project">Temple Mount Sifting Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Prevention_of_Destruction_of_Antiquities_on_the_Temple_Mount" title="Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount">Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan#Assassination" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Assassination of Abdullah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_mosque_fire" title="Al-Aqsa mosque fire">1969 arson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque clashes">Al-Aqsa Mosque clashes</a> (<a href="/wiki/1990_Temple_Mount_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Temple Mount riots">1990 riots</a>, <a href="/wiki/2009_Temple_Mount_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Temple Mount clashes">2009 clashes</a>, <a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">2015–2016 wave of violence</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_Temple_Mount_crisis" title="2017 Temple Mount crisis">2017 crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_Temple_Mount_shooting" title="2017 Temple Mount shooting">2017 shooting</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">2021 crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2022 Al-Aqsa clashes">2022 clashes</a>, <a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2023 Al-Aqsa clashes">2023 clashes</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Status_Quo_(Jerusalem_and_Bethlehem)" title="Status Quo (Jerusalem and Bethlehem)">Status quo of Holy Land sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashemite_custodianship_of_Jerusalem_holy_sites" title="Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites">Hashemite custodianship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_entry_restrictions" title="Temple Mount entry restrictions">Entry restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templum_Domini" title="Templum Domini">Templum Domini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_of_Souls" title="Well of Souls">Well of Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navel_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Navel of the World">Navel of the World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Temple_Mount" title="Category:Temple Mount">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religious_Zionism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religious_Zionism" title="Template:Religious Zionism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religious_Zionism" title="Template talk:Religious Zionism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religious_Zionism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religious Zionism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religious_Zionism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Kibbutz_Movement" title="Religious Kibbutz Movement">Religious Kibbutz Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torat_Eretz_Yisrael" title="Torat Eretz Yisrael">Torat Eretz Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardal" title="Hardal">Hardal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Oaths" title="Three Oaths">Three Oaths</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Third Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Judea" title="State of Judea">State of Judea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Home" title="The Jewish Home">The Jewish Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party" title="Religious Zionist Party">Tkuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_(political_party)" title="Noam (political party)">Noam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otzma_Yehudit" title="Otzma Yehudit">Otzma Yehudit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meimad" title="Meimad">Meimad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrachi_(political_party)" title="Mizrachi (political party)">Mizrahi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party" title="National Religious Party">National Religious Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapoel_HaMizrachi" title="Hapoel HaMizrachi">Hapoel HaMizrachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahi_(political_party)" title="Ahi (political party)">Ahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kach_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kach (political party)">Kach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arutz_Sheva" title="Arutz Sheva">Arutz Sheva</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%27Sheva" title="B'Sheva">B'Sheva</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_14_(Israel)" title="Channel 14 (Israel)">Channel 14</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HaTzofe" title="HaTzofe">HaTzofe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iton_Meyuhad" title="Iton Meyuhad">Iton Meyuhad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Makor_Rishon" title="Makor Rishon">Makor Rishon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tehumin" title="Tehumin">Tehumin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMIT" title="AMIT">AMIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Akiva" title="Bnei Akiva">Bnei Akiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar-Ilan_University" title="Bar-Ilan University">Bar-Ilan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesder" title="Hesder">Hesder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_Oz_(seminary)" title="Migdal Oz (seminary)">Migdal Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavneh_Olami" title="Yavneh Olami">Yavneh Olami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University" title="Yeshiva University">Yeshiva University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_Zionist_yeshivot" title="Category:Religious Zionist yeshivot">Yeshivot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mizrachi_(religious_Zionism)" title="Mizrachi (religious Zionism)">Mizrachi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionists_of_America" title="Religious Zionists of America">Religious Zionists of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzohar_(organization)" title="Tzohar (organization)">Tzohar Rabbinical Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomet_Institute" title="Zomet Institute">Zomet Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gush_Emunim" title="Gush Emunim">Gush Emunim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_Kibbutz_Movement" title="Category:Religious Kibbutz Movement">Kibbutzim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hilltop_Youth" title="Hilltop Youth">Hilltop Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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