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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" 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cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Wildlife subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Wildlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mammals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mammals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Mammals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mammals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Fish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Modern issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indus_delta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indus_delta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Indus delta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indus_delta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_of_climate_change_on_the_river" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_of_climate_change_on_the_river"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Effects of climate change on the river</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects_of_climate_change_on_the_river-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Pollution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_floods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_floods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>2010 floods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_floods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_floods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_floods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>2011 floods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_floods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barrages,_bridges,_levees_and_dams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barrages,_bridges,_levees_and_dams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Barrages, bridges, levees and dams</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Barrages,_bridges,_levees_and_dams-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Barrages, bridges, levees and dams subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Barrages,_bridges,_levees_and_dams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Indus River</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 146 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-146" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">146 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B1%E1%88%B5_%E1%8B%88%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%9D" title="ኢንዱስ ወንዝ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢንዱስ ወንዝ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نهر السند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نهر السند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Indo" title="Río Indo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Río Indo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80" title="সিন্ধু নদী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সিন্ধু নদী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADu_Indo" title="Ríu Indo – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ríu Indo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysyry_%C3%8Dndo" title="Ysyry Índo – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ysyry Índo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind_%C3%A7ay%C4%B1" title="Hind çayı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hind çayı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="سیند چایی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیند چایی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukad_Indus" title="Tukad Indus – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tukad Indus" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6" title="সিন্ধু নদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিন্ধু নদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_H%C3%B4" title="Indus Hô – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Indus Hô" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Һинд – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һинд" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Інд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Інд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Інд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सिंधु नदी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सिंधु नदी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salog_Indus" title="Salog Indus – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Salog Indus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Инд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%96" title="སེང་གེ་ཁ་འབབ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སེང་གེ་ཁ་འབབ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind" title="Ind – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ind" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D_%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Сэнгэ мүрэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сэнгэ мүрэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D1%8E%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Инд (юханшыв) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Инд (юханшыв)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Indus River" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtsinje_wa_Indus" title="Mtsinje wa Indus – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Mtsinje wa Indus" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afon_Indus" title="Afon Indus – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Afon Indus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF" title="واد سند – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="واد سند" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8B%DE%AA_%DE%86%DE%AF%DE%83%DE%AA" title="ސިންދު ކޯރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސިންދު ކޯރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ινδός ποταμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδός ποταμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Indo" title="Río Indo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Río Indo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induso" title="Induso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Induso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADu_Indu" title="Ríu Indu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ríu Indu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF)" title="سند (رود) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سند (رود)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Naddi" title="Indus Naddi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Indus Naddi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Iond%C3%BAis" title="An Iondúis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Iondúis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Indo" title="Río Indo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Río Indo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A7%E0%AB%81" title="સિંધુ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સિંધુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8D%94%EC%8A%A4%EA%B0%95" title="인더스강 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인더스강" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogin_Indus" title="Kogin Indus – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kogin Indus" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Ինդոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինդոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सिन्धु नदी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिन्धु नदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind" title="Ind – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ind" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvio_Indus" title="Fluvio Indus – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fluvio Indus" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karayan_Indus" title="Karayan Indus – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karayan Indus" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Indus" title="Sungai Indus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sungai Indus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvio_Indo" title="Fluvio Indo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Fluvio Indo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Инд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus-flj%C3%B3t" title="Indus-fljót – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Indus-fljót" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo" title="Indo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Indo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אינדוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אינדוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Sindu" title="Kali Sindu – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kali Sindu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90ndus%C9%A9_P%C9%94%C9%94" title="Ɛndusɩ Pɔɔ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛndusɩ Pɔɔ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%82_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸಿಂಧೂ ನದಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿಂಧೂ ನದಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Инд" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ინდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Үнді өзені – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үнді өзені" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyndus" title="Eyndus – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Eyndus" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_(mto)" title="Indus (mto) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Indus (mto)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8End%C3%BBs" title="Îndûs – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îndûs" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Инд дарыясы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Инд дарыясы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inda" title="Inda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Inda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гьинд – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Гьинд" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indas_(up%C4%97)" title="Indas (upė) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indas (upė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Indo" title="Rio Indo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rio Indo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सिन्धु नदी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सिन्धु नदी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Инд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindo" title="Sindo – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sindo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF" title="സിന്ധു നദി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിന്ധു നദി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सिंधु नदी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सिंधु नदी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ინდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نهر السند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نهر السند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Indus" title="Sungai Indus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sungai Indus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD" title="Инд мөрөн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Инд мөрөн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="အိန္ဒုမြစ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိန္ဒုမြစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_(rivier)" title="Indus (rivier) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Indus (rivier)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सिन्धु नदी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिन्धु नदी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF" title="सिन्धु खुसि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सिन्धु खुसि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%82%B9%E5%B7%9D" title="インダス川 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インダス川" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="ХӀинд – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀинд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A7%E0%AD%81_%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%80" title="ସିନ୍ଧୁ ନଦୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସିନ୍ଧୁ ନଦୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind" title="Hind – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hind" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A7_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਸਿੰਧ ਦਰਿਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿੰਧ ਦਰਿਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B3" title="دریائے انڈس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دریائے انڈس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="اباسين (سيند) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اباسين (سيند)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo" title="Indo – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Indo" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Indo" title="Rio Indo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rio Indo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nd" title="İnd – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İnd" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Інд – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Інд" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Инд" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सिन्धूनदी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सिन्धूनदी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D_%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%AD" title="ᱥᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE" title="دریائے سندھ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="دریائے سندھ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumi_Indus" title="Lumi Indus – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lumi Indus" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indu" title="Indu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Indu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Indus River" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%8C%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%DA%BE" title="سنڌو درياھ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سنڌو درياھ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind" title="Ind – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ind" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ڕووباری سیند – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووباری سیند" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Инд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind" title="Ind – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ind" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilog_Indo" title="Ilog Indo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ilog Indo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="சிந்து ஆறு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிந்து ஆறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo" title="Indo – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Indo" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind_y%C4%B1l%C4%9Fas%C4%B1" title="Hind yılğası – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Hind yılğası" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%82_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF" title="సింధూ నది – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సింధూ నది" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8" title="แม่น้ำสินธุ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แม่น้ำสินธุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83_(%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%91)" title="Ҳинду (дарё) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳинду (дарё)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ndus_Nehri" title="İndus Nehri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İndus Nehri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind" title="Ind – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ind" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salog_Indus" title="Salog Indus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Salog Indus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="印度河 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度河" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אינדוס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינדוס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Indus_River&params=23_59_42_N_67_26_06_E_type:_river"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°59′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">67°26′06″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.99500°N 67.43500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.99500; 67.43500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-indicator-fr-review-status" class="mw-indicator"><indicator name="fr-review-status" class="mw-fr-review-status-indicator" id="mw-fr-revision-toggle"><span class="cdx-fr-css-icon-review--status--stable"></span><b>Checked</b></indicator></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-autoreview" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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style="display:none;"><div tabindex="0"></div><div class="cdx-dialog cdx-dialog--horizontal-actions"><header class="cdx-dialog__header cdx-dialog__header--default"><div class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Page version status</h2><p class="cdx-dialog__header__subtitle">This is an accepted version of this page</p></div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"><span class="cdx-icon cdx-icon--medium
							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Indus_River">reviewed</a> on <i>27 November 2024</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none"> River in Asia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Indus Valley" redirects here. For the Bronze Age civilisation, see <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other rivers named Indus, see <a href="/wiki/Indus_(disambiguation)#Rivers" class="mw-disambig" title="Indus (disambiguation)">Indus (disambiguation) § Rivers</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Indus" and "Sindhu" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Indus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Indus (disambiguation)">Indus (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sindhu_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sindhu (disambiguation)">Sindhu (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Indus<br /><div class="nickname" style="display:inline;font-size:78%">Mehran, Sênggê Zangbo, Shiquan He, Sindhu<sup id="cite_ref-britannica-11-24-Indus-name-lead_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-11-24-Indus-name-lead-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanga_Parbat_Indus_Gorge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Nanga_Parbat_Indus_Gorge.jpg/240px-Nanga_Parbat_Indus_Gorge.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Nanga_Parbat_Indus_Gorge.jpg/360px-Nanga_Parbat_Indus_Gorge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Nanga_Parbat_Indus_Gorge.jpg/480px-Nanga_Parbat_Indus_Gorge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="740" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Indus_Gorge" title="Indus Gorge">Indus Gorge</a> is formed as the Indus River bends around the <a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat</a> massif, shown towering behind, defining the western anchor of the <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Himalaya">Himalayan</a> mountain range.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg/220px-Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg/330px-Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg/440px-Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2409" data-file-height="2497" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Course and major tributaries of the Indus</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur"><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سندھ</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Location</th></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> (disputed region<sup id="cite_ref-Kashmir_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kashmir-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">States or provinces</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cities</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kargil" title="Kargil">Kargil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skardu" title="Skardu">Skardu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dasu" title="Dasu">Dasu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Besham" title="Besham">Besham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thakot" title="Thakot">Thakot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swabi" title="Swabi">Swabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dera_Ismail_Khan" title="Dera Ismail Khan">Dera Ismail Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mianwali" title="Mianwali">Mianwali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhakkar" title="Bhakkar">Bhakkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sukkur" title="Sukkur">Sukkur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_Sindh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, Sindh">Hyderabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data">Upper <a href="/wiki/G%C3%AA%27gyai_County" title="Gê'gyai County">Gê'gyai</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Indus_River&params=31_12_03_N_81_45_16_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°12′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">81°45′16″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.20083°N 81.75444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.20083; 81.75444</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • elevation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">5,555 m (18,225 ft)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2nd source</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Manasarovar" title="Lake Manasarovar">Lake Manasarovar</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Ngari Prefecture</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Indus_River&params=30_35_35_N_81_25_25_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°35′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">81°25′25″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.59306°N 81.42361°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.59306; 81.42361</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • elevation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">4,600 m (15,100 ft)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source confluence</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shiquanhe" title="Shiquanhe">Shiquanhe</a> (confluence), Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Indus_River&params=32_29_54_N_79_41_28_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°29′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°41′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.49833°N 79.69111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.49833; 79.69111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • elevation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">4,255 m (13,960 ft)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">Mouth</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a><sup id="cite_ref-britannica-11-24-Indus-delta-lead_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-11-24-Indus-delta-lead-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • location</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River_Delta" title="Indus River Delta">Indus River Delta</a>, Pakistan<sup id="cite_ref-britannica-11-24-Indus-delta-lead_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-11-24-Indus-delta-lead-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Indus_River&params=23_59_42_N_67_26_06_E_type:_river"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°59′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">67°26′06″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.99500°N 67.43500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.99500; 67.43500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • elevation</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 m (0 ft)</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">3,180 km (1,980 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Basin size</th><td class="infobox-data">1,120,000 km<sup>2</sup> (430,000 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indus_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Delta">Indus Delta</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">5,533 m<sup>3</sup>/s (195,400 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • minimum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,200 m<sup>3</sup>/s (42,000 cu ft/s)</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • maximum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">58,000 m<sup>3</sup>/s (2,000,000 cu ft/s)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sukkur" title="Sukkur">Sukkur</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Period: 1971–2000)5,673.5 m<sup>3</sup>/s (200,360 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Indus_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indus-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mithankot" title="Mithankot">Mithankot</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Period: 1971–2000)5,812.3 m<sup>3</sup>/s (205,260 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Indus_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indus-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tarbela_Dam" title="Tarbela Dam">Tarbela Dam</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Period: 1971–2000)2,469 m<sup>3</sup>/s (87,200 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Indus_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indus-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Basin features</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Progression</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">River system</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indus River</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tributaries</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • left</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zanskar_River" title="Zanskar River">Zanskar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suru_River_(Indus)" title="Suru River (Indus)">Suru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soan_River" title="Soan River">Soan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panjnad_River" title="Panjnad River">Panjnad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghaggar-Hakra_River" title="Ghaggar-Hakra River">Ghaggar</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • right</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shyok_River" title="Shyok River">Shyok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunza_River" title="Hunza River">Hunza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilgit_River" title="Gilgit River">Gilgit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swat_River" title="Swat River">Swat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kunar_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunar River">Kunar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabul_River" title="Kabul River">Kabul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurram_River" title="Kurram River">Kurram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gomal_River" title="Gomal River">Gomal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhob_River" title="Zhob River">Zhob</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="250" data-zoom="4" data-overlays="["_6559b34db828ed99fe9f8a879f0ebf0798b7fde3"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,270x250.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Indus_River&revid=1259844803&groups=_6559b34db828ed99fe9f8a879f0ebf0798b7fde3" width="270" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,270x250@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Indus_River&revid=1259844803&groups=_6559b34db828ed99fe9f8a879f0ebf0798b7fde3 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Indus</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">IN</span>-dəs</i></a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Transboundary_river" title="Transboundary river">transboundary river</a> of Asia and a trans-<a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayan</a> river of <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 3,180 km (1,980 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> river rises in mountain springs northeast of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kailash" title="Mount Kailash">Mount Kailash</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Tibet">Western Tibet</a>, flows northwest through the disputed region of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kashmir_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kashmir-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bends sharply to the left after the <a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat</a> <a href="/wiki/Massif" title="Massif">massif</a>, and flows south-by-southwest through <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, before emptying into the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> near the port city of <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ahmad-2019_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahmad-2019-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The river has a total <a href="/wiki/Drainage_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Drainage area">drainage area</a> of circa 1,120,000 km<sup>2</sup> (430,000 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its estimated annual flow is around 175 km<sup>3</sup>/a (5,500 m<sup>3</sup>/s), making it one of the 50 largest rivers in the world <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_by_discharge" title="List of rivers by discharge">in terms of average annual flow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its left-bank <a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">tributary</a> in Ladakh is the <a href="/wiki/Zanskar_River" title="Zanskar River">Zanskar River</a>, and its left-bank tributary in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Plain" title="Punjab Plain">plains</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Panjnad_River" title="Panjnad River">Panjnad River</a> which is formed by the successive confluences of the five Punjab rivers, namely the <a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a> rivers. Its principal right-bank tributaries are the <a href="/wiki/Shyok_River" title="Shyok River">Shyok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilgit_River" title="Gilgit River">Gilgit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabul_River" title="Kabul River">Kabul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurram_River" title="Kurram River">Kurram</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gomal_River" title="Gomal River">Gomal</a> rivers. Beginning in a mountain spring and fed with <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glaciers</a> and rivers in the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> ranges, the river supports the <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a> of <a href="/wiki/Temperate_forest" title="Temperate forest">temperate forests</a>, plains, and <a href="/wiki/Arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Arid">arid</a> countryside. </p><p>The northern part of the Indus Valley, with its tributaries, forms the <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> region of South Asia, while the lower course of the river ends in <a href="/wiki/Indus_River_Delta" title="Indus River Delta">a large delta</a> in the southern <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> province of Pakistan. The river has historically been important to many cultures of the region. The 3rd millennium BC saw the rise of <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a>, a major urban civilization of the Bronze Age. During the 2nd millennium BC, the Punjab region was mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> hymns as <i>Sapta Sindhu</i> and in the <a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a> religious texts as <i>Hapta Həndu</i> (both terms meaning "<a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_rivers" title="Rigvedic rivers">seven rivers</a>"). Early historical kingdoms that arose in the Indus Valley include <a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhāra</a>, and the Ror dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Sauvira_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauvira Kingdom">Sauvīra</a>. The Indus River came into the knowledge of the Western world early in the <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical period</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">King Darius</a> of <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> sent his Greek subject <a href="/wiki/Scylax_of_Caryanda" title="Scylax of Caryanda">Scylax of Caryanda</a> to explore the river, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 515 BC</span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_names">Etymology and names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etymologically, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> word "Indus" comes from <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> Indus (1598), specifically a use of classical Latin <i>Indus</i> (inhabitant of India, Indian) from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> Ἰνδός "inhabitant of India, Indian, the River Indus" from <a href="/wiki/Achaemenian" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenian">Achaemenian</a> <a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a> "hindu," denoting an eastern province of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid empire">Achaemenid empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a> <i>hind</i> India), and <a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a> <i>hiṇdu</i>, <i>həṇdu</i> "river," (natural) frontier; with same <a href="/wiki/Proto_Indo-Iranian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto Indo-Iranian language">Proto Indo-Iranian language</a>-root as <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> sindhu (river), specifically the River Indus; hence also the region of the Indus, the province Sindh (which also developed into <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic Greek">Hellenistic Greek</a> Σίνθος ("the River Indus").<sup id="cite_ref-oed-indus-1598_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-indus-1598-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oed-India_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-India-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This river's traditional name in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and Tibetan is "sindhu". In Sanskrit, its range of meanings includes: stream, river; Indus; flood; sea or ocean; region or country in the vicinity of the Indus, Sindh, people of Sindh."<sup id="cite_ref-macdonell-sindhu_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macdonell-sindhu-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-apte-sindu_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apte-sindu-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern name in <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> is <i>Sindh</i> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سندھ</span></span>) or <i>Daryā-i-Sindh</i> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دریائے سندھ</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'The River Sindh'), contrasting to the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Sindh" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Sindh">Province of Sindh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">صوبہِ سندھ</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Urdu">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Urdu-language romanization"><i lang="ur-Latn">Sūba-i-sindh</i></span>). The <a href="/wiki/Ladakhis" title="Ladakhis">Ladakhis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetans</a> call the river <i>Senge Tsangpo</i> (སེང་གེ་གཙང་པོ།), <a href="/wiki/Balti_people" title="Balti people">Baltis</a> call it <i>Gemtsuh</i> and <i>Tsuh-Fo</i>, <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a> call it <i>Nilab</i>, <i>Sher Darya</i> and <i>Abbasin</i>, while <a href="/wiki/Sindhis" title="Sindhis">Sindhis</a> call it <i>Sindhu</i>, <i>Mehran</i>, <i>Purali</i> and <i>Samundar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ahmad-2019_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahmad-2019-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Indus_river_in_the_Kashmir_region.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/The_Indus_river_in_the_Kashmir_region.jpg/250px-The_Indus_river_in_the_Kashmir_region.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/The_Indus_river_in_the_Kashmir_region.jpg/375px-The_Indus_river_in_the_Kashmir_region.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/The_Indus_river_in_the_Kashmir_region.jpg/500px-The_Indus_river_in_the_Kashmir_region.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2069" data-file-height="2395" /></a><figcaption>The course of the Indus in the heavily disputed <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir region</a>; the river flows through <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a>, administered respectively by India and Pakistan</figcaption></figure> <p>The Indus River provides key water resources for <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Pakistan's economy</a> – especially the <i>breadbasket</i> of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab province</a>, which accounts for most of the nation's agricultural production, and Sindh. The word Punjab means "land of five rivers" and the five rivers are <a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sutlej_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutlej River">Sutlej</a>, all of which finally flow into the Indus. The Indus also supports many heavy industries and provides the main supply of <a href="/wiki/Potable_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Potable water">potable water</a> in Pakistan. </p><p>The total length of the river varies in different sources. The length used in this article is 3,180 km (1,980 mi), taken from the <i>Himalayan Climate and Water Atlas</i> (2015).<sup id="cite_ref-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, the 1909 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India" title="The Imperial Gazetteer of India">The Imperial Gazetteer of India</a></i> gave it as "just over 1,800 miles".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A shorter figure of 2,880 km (1,790 mi) has been widely used in modern sources, as has the one of 3,180 km (1,980 mi). The modern <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a></i> was originally published in 1999 with the shorter measurement, but was updated in 2015 to use the longer measurement.<sup id="cite_ref-Ahmad-2019_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahmad-2019-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both lengths are commonly found in modern publications; in some cases, both measurements can be found within the same work.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An extended figure of circa 3,600 km (2,200 mi) was announced by a Chinese research group in 2011, based on a comprehensive remeasurement from satellite imagery, and a ground expedition to identify an alternative source point, but detailed analysis has not yet been published.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn-2011_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn-2011-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ultimate source of the Indus is in <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, but there is some debate about the exact source. The traditional source of the river is the <i>Sênggê Kanbab</i> (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%AAngg%C3%AA_Zangbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sênggê Zangbo">Sênggê Zangbo</a>) or "Lion's Mouth", a perennial spring not far from the sacred <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kailash" title="Mount Kailash">Mount Kailash</a>, marked by a long low line of Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Chortens" class="mw-redirect" title="Chortens">chortens</a>. There are several other tributaries nearby, which may form a longer stream than Sênggê Kanbab, but unlike the Sênggê Kanbab, are all dependent on <a href="/wiki/Snowmelt" title="Snowmelt">snowmelt</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Zanskar_River" title="Zanskar River">Zanskar River</a>, which flows into the Indus in Ladakh, has a greater volume of water than the Indus itself before that point.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An alternative reckoning begins the river around 300 km further upstream, at the <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> of the <i>Sênggê</i> Zangbo and <a href="/wiki/Gar_Tsangpo" title="Gar Tsangpo">Gar Tsangpo</a> rivers, which drain the Nganglong Kangri and Gangdise Shan (Gang Rinpoche, Mt. Kailash) mountain ranges. The 2011 remeasurement suggested the source was a small lake northeast of Mount Kailash, rather than either of the two points previously used.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn-2011_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn-2011-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Indus then flows northwest through <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> (Indian-administered Kashmir) and <a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilgit" title="Gilgit">Gilgit</a> (Pakistan-administered Kashmir), just south of the <a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a> range. The <a href="/wiki/Shyok_River" title="Shyok River">Shyok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shigar" title="Shigar">Shigar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilgit_River" title="Gilgit River">Gilgit</a> rivers carry glacial waters into the main river. It gradually bends to the south and descends into the Punjab plains at <a href="/wiki/Kalabagh" title="Kalabagh">Kalabagh</a>, Pakistan. The Indus passes gigantic gorges 4,500–5,200 metres (15,000–17,000 ft) deep near the <a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat</a> <a href="/wiki/Massif" title="Massif">massif</a>. It flows swiftly across <a href="/wiki/Hazara_region" title="Hazara region">Hazara</a> and is dammed at the <a href="/wiki/Tarbela_Dam" title="Tarbela Dam">Tarbela Reservoir</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Kabul_River" title="Kabul River">Kabul River</a> joins it near <a href="/wiki/Attock" title="Attock">Attock</a>. The remainder of its route to the sea is in the plains of the Punjab<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sindh, where the flow of the river becomes slow and highly braided. It is joined by the <a href="/wiki/Panjnad_River" title="Panjnad River">Panjnad</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mithankot" title="Mithankot">Mithankot</a>. Beyond this confluence, the river, at one time, was named the <i>Satnad River</i> (<i>sat</i> = "seven", <i>nadī</i> = "river"), as the river now carried the waters of the Kabul River, the Indus River and the five Punjab rivers. Passing by <a href="/wiki/Jamshoro" title="Jamshoro">Jamshoro</a>, it ends in a large delta to the South of <a href="/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta">Thatta</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> province of Pakistan. </p><p>The Indus is one of the few rivers in the world to exhibit a <a href="/wiki/Tidal_bore" title="Tidal bore">tidal bore</a>. The Indus system is largely fed by the snow and glaciers of the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>, Karakoram and the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> ranges. The flow of the river is also determined by the seasons – it diminishes greatly in the winter while flooding its banks in the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> months from July to September. There is also evidence of a steady shift in the course of the river since prehistoric times – it deviated westwards from flowing into the <a href="/wiki/Rann_of_Kutch" title="Rann of Kutch">Rann of Kutch</a> and adjoining <a href="/wiki/Banni_grasslands" class="mw-redirect" title="Banni grasslands">Banni grasslands</a> after the 1816 earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Indus water flows in to the Rann of Kutch during its floods breaching <a href="/wiki/Flood_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Flood bank">flood banks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Indus_re_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indus_re-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IVC-major-sites-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/IVC-major-sites-2.jpg/280px-IVC-major-sites-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/IVC-major-sites-2.jpg/420px-IVC-major-sites-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/IVC-major-sites-2.jpg/560px-IVC-major-sites-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1259" data-file-height="1548" /></a><figcaption>The major sites of the Indus Valley Civilization <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2600</span>–1900 BC in Pakistan, India and Afghanistan</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sindh" title="History of Sindh">History of Sindh</a></div> <p>The major cities of the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro">Mohenjo-daro</a>, date back to around 3300 BC, and represent some of the largest human habitations of the ancient world. The Indus Valley Civilisation extended from across northeast Afghanistan to <a href="/wiki/Northwest_India_(pre-1947)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest India (pre-1947)">Pakistan and northwest India</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an upward reach from east of the <a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum River</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ropar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ropar">Ropar</a> on the upper Sutlej. The coastal settlements extended from <a href="/wiki/Sutkagan_Dor" title="Sutkagan Dor">Sutkagan Dor</a> at the Pakistan-<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> border to <a href="/wiki/Kutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutch">Kutch</a> in modern <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, India. There is an Indus site on the <a href="/wiki/Amu_Darya" title="Amu Darya">Amu Darya</a> at Shortughai in northern Afghanistan, and the Indus site <a href="/wiki/Alamgirpur" title="Alamgirpur">Alamgirpur</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hindon_River" title="Hindon River">Hindon River</a> is located only 28 km (17 mi) from Delhi. As of now, over 1,052 cities and settlements have been found, mainly in the general region of the <a href="/wiki/Ghaggar-Hakra_River" title="Ghaggar-Hakra River">Ghaggar-Hakra River</a> and its tributaries. Among the settlements were the major urban centres of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, as well as <a href="/wiki/Lothal" title="Lothal">Lothal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dholavira" title="Dholavira">Dholavira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganeriwala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganeriwala">Ganeriwala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rakhigarhi" title="Rakhigarhi">Rakhigarhi</a>. Only 40 Indus Valley sites have been discovered on the Indus and its tributaries.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is notable that majority of the <a href="/wiki/Indus_script" title="Indus script">Indus script seals and inscribed objects</a> discovered were found at sites along the Indus river.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most scholars believe that settlements of <a href="/wiki/Gandhara_grave_culture" title="Gandhara grave culture">Gandhara grave culture</a> of the early <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryans" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Aryans">Indo-Aryans</a> flourished in <a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a> from 1700 BC to 600 BC, when <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro">Mohenjo-daro</a> and Harappa had already been abandoned. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> describes <a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_rivers" title="Rigvedic rivers">several rivers</a>, including one named "Sindhu". The Rigvedic "Sindhu" is thought to be the present-day Indus River. It is attested 176 times in its text, 94 times in the plural, and most often used in the generic sense of "river". In the Rigveda, notably in the later hymns, the meaning of the word is narrowed to refer to the Indus river in particular; for example, in the list of rivers mentioned in the hymn of <i><a href="/wiki/Nadistuti_sukta" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadistuti sukta">Nadistuti sukta</a></i>. The Rigvedic hymns apply a feminine gender to all the rivers mentioned therein, except for the <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmaputra">Brahmaputra</a>. </p><p>The word <a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Etymology of India">"India"</a> is derived from the Indus River. In ancient times, "India" initially referred to those regions immediately along the east bank of the Indus, where are <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> now but by 300 BC, Greek writers including <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Megasthenes" title="Megasthenes">Megasthenes</a> were applying the term to the entire subcontinent that extends much farther eastward.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lower basin of the Indus forms a natural boundary between the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Plateau">Iranian Plateau</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>; this region embraces all or parts of the Pakistani provinces <a href="/wiki/Balochistan_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochistan (Pakistan)">Balochistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> and the countries Afghanistan and India. The first West Eurasian empire to annex the Indus Valley was the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian Empire</a>, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius the Great</a>. During his reign, the Greek explorer <a href="/wiki/Scylax_of_Caryanda" title="Scylax of Caryanda">Scylax of Caryanda</a> was commissioned to explore the course of the Indus. It was crossed by the invading armies of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander</a>. Still, after his <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonians</a> conquered the west bank—joining it to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Hellenic</a> world, they elected to retreat along the southern course of the river, ending Alexander's Asian campaign. Alexander's admiral <a href="/wiki/Nearchus" title="Nearchus">Nearchus</a> set out from the Indus Delta to explore the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, until reaching the <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a>. The Indus Valley was later dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Mauryan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek Kingdoms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huna_people" title="Huna people">Hepthalites</a>. Over several centuries <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> armies of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Qasim" title="Muhammad ibn al-Qasim">Muhammad ibn al-Qasim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni" title="Mahmud of Ghazni">Mahmud of Ghazni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_of_Ghor" title="Muhammad of Ghor">Muhammad of Ghor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a> crossed the river to invade Sindh and <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>, providing a gateway to the Indian subcontinent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:center;max-width:858px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indus_Valley_near_Leh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Indus River near Leh"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Indus_Valley_near_Leh.jpg/850px-Indus_Valley_near_Leh.jpg" decoding="async" width="850" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Indus_Valley_near_Leh.jpg/1275px-Indus_Valley_near_Leh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Indus_Valley_near_Leh.jpg/1700px-Indus_Valley_near_Leh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11136" data-file-height="2954" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Indus_Valley_near_Leh.jpg" title="File:Indus Valley near Leh.jpg"> </a></div>The Indus River near <a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tributaries">Tributaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tributaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gar_Tsangpo" title="Gar Tsangpo">Gar River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit_River" title="Gilgit River">Gilgit River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomal_River" title="Gomal River">Gomal River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haro_River" title="Haro River">Haro River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunza_River" title="Hunza River">Hunza River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_River" title="Kabul River">Kabul River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunar_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunar River">Kunar River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurram_River" title="Kurram River">Kurram River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjnad_River" title="Panjnad River">Panjnad River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satluj_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Satluj River">Satluj River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas River</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyok_River" title="Shyok River">Shyok River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soan_River" title="Soan River">Soan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dras_River" title="Dras River">Dras River</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Shingo_River" title="Shingo River">Shingo River</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swat_River" title="Swat River">Swat River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanskar_River" title="Zanskar River">Zanskar River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luni_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Luni river">Luni river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhob_River" title="Zhob River">Zhob River</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:408px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indus_river_basin_without_boundaries_of_disputed_regions.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Indus River basin"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Indus_river_basin_without_boundaries_of_disputed_regions.png/400px-Indus_river_basin_without_boundaries_of_disputed_regions.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="432" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Indus_river_basin_without_boundaries_of_disputed_regions.png/600px-Indus_river_basin_without_boundaries_of_disputed_regions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Indus_river_basin_without_boundaries_of_disputed_regions.png/800px-Indus_river_basin_without_boundaries_of_disputed_regions.png 2x" data-file-width="2309" data-file-height="2495" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Indus_river_basin_without_boundaries_of_disputed_regions.png" title="File:Indus river basin without boundaries of disputed regions.png"> </a></div>Indus River basin</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indus_river_near_Leh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Indus_river_near_Leh.jpg/280px-Indus_river_near_Leh.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Indus_river_near_Leh.jpg/420px-Indus_river_near_Leh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Indus_river_near_Leh.jpg/560px-Indus_river_near_Leh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1328" /></a><figcaption>Indus River near <a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Confluence_of_Indus_and_Zanskar_rivers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Confluence_of_Indus_and_Zanskar_rivers.jpg/280px-Confluence_of_Indus_and_Zanskar_rivers.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Confluence_of_Indus_and_Zanskar_rivers.jpg/420px-Confluence_of_Indus_and_Zanskar_rivers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Confluence_of_Indus_and_Zanskar_rivers.jpg/560px-Confluence_of_Indus_and_Zanskar_rivers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Confluence of Indus and Zanskar rivers. The Indus is at the left of the picture, flowing left-to-right; the Zanskar, carrying more water, comes in from the top of the picture</figcaption></figure> <p>Indus is an <a href="/wiki/Antecedent_drainage_stream" title="Antecedent drainage stream">antecedent river</a>, meaning that it existed before the Himalayas and <a href="/wiki/Entrenched_river" title="Entrenched river">entrenched itself</a> while they were rising. </p><p>The Indus River feeds the Indus <a href="/wiki/Submarine_fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Submarine fan">submarine fan</a>, which is the second largest sediment body on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of around 5 million cubic kilometres of material eroded from the mountains. Studies of the sediment in the modern river indicate that the <a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram Mountains</a> in northern Pakistan and India are the single most important source of material, with the Himalayas providing the next largest contribution, mostly via the large rivers of the Punjab (Jhelum, Ravi, Chenab, Beas and Sutlej). Analysis of sediments from the Arabian Sea has demonstrated that before five million years ago the Indus was not connected to these <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab</a> rivers which instead flowed east into the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganga</a> and were captured after that time.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier work showed that sand and silt from western Tibet was reaching the Arabian Sea by 45 million years ago, implying the existence of an ancient Indus River by that time.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delta of this proto-Indus river has subsequently been found in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katawaz_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katawaz Basin (page does not exist)">Katawaz Basin</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Afghan-Pakistan border</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat</a> region, the massive amounts of erosion due to the Indus river following the capture and rerouting through that area are thought to bring middle and lower crustal rocks to the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2011, satellite images showed that the Indus river had re-entered India and was feeding the <a href="/wiki/Great_Rann_of_Kutch" title="Great Rann of Kutch">Great Rann of Kutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Rann_of_Kutch" title="Little Rann of Kutch">Little Rann of Kutch</a> and a lake near <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Nal_Sarovar_Bird_Sanctuary" title="Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary">Nal Sarovar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Indus_re_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indus_re-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heavy rains had left the river basin along with the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Manchar" title="Lake Manchar">Lake Manchar</a>, Lake Hemal and <a href="/wiki/Keenjhar_Lake" title="Keenjhar Lake">Kalri Lake</a> (all in modern-day Pakistan) inundated. This happened two centuries after the Indus river shifted its course westwards following the <a href="/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquake" title="1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake">1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Induan" title="Induan">Induan</a> Age at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> Period of geological time is named for the Indus region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wildlife">Wildlife</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wildlife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fishermen_on_the_Indus.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Fishermen_on_the_Indus.jpeg/280px-Fishermen_on_the_Indus.jpeg" decoding="async" width="280" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Fishermen_on_the_Indus.jpeg/420px-Fishermen_on_the_Indus.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Fishermen_on_the_Indus.jpeg/560px-Fishermen_on_the_Indus.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption>Fishermen on the Indus River, c. 1905</figcaption></figure> <p>Accounts of the Indus valley from the times of Alexander's campaign indicate a healthy forest cover in the region. The Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a> writes of encountering rhinoceroses along its bank in his memoirs (the <a href="/wiki/Baburnama" title="Baburnama">Baburnama</a>). Extensive deforestation and human interference in the ecology of the <a href="/wiki/Shivalik_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivalik Hills">Shivalik Hills</a> has led to a marked deterioration in vegetation and growing conditions. The Indus valley regions are arid with poor vegetation. Agriculture is sustained largely due to irrigation works. The Indus river and its watershed have a rich biodiversity. It is home to around 25 amphibian species.<sup id="cite_ref-World'_top_10_rivers_at_risk_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World'_top_10_rivers_at_risk-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mammals">Mammals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mammals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Indus_river_dolphin" title="Indus river dolphin">Indus river dolphin</a> (<i>Platanista indicus minor</i>) is found only in the Indus River. It is a subspecies of the <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_river_dolphin" title="South Asian river dolphin">South Asian river dolphin</a>. The Indus river dolphin formerly also occurred in the tributaries of the Indus river. According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wildlife Fund">World Wildlife Fund</a> it is one of the most threatened <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">cetaceans</a> with only about 1,816 still existing.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is threatened by habitat degradation from the construction of dams and canals, entanglement in fishing gear, and industrial water pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two otter species in the Indus River basin: the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter" title="Eurasian otter">Eurasian otter</a> in the northeastern highland sections and the <a href="/wiki/Smooth-coated_otter" title="Smooth-coated otter">smooth-coated otter</a> elsewhere in the river basin. The smooth-coated otters in the Indus River represent a subspecies found nowhere else, the Sindh otter (<i>Lutrogale perspicillata sindica</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fish">Fish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Indus River basin has high diversity, being the home of more than 180 freshwater fish species,<sup id="cite_ref-Mirza,_Z.S.-2014_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirza,_Z.S.-2014-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 22 which are found nowhere else.<sup id="cite_ref-World'_top_10_rivers_at_risk_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World'_top_10_rivers_at_risk-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fish also played a major role in earlier cultures of the region, including the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation where depictions of fish were frequent. The <a href="/wiki/Indus_script" title="Indus script">Indus script</a> has a commonly used fish sign, which in its various forms may simply have meant "fish", or referred to stars or gods.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the uppermost, highest part of the Indus River basin there are relatively few genera and species: <i><a href="/wiki/Diptychus" title="Diptychus">Diptychus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ptychobarbus" title="Ptychobarbus">Ptychobarbus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Schizopyge" title="Schizopyge">Schizopyge</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Schizopygopsis" title="Schizopygopsis">Schizopygopsis</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Schizothorax" title="Schizothorax">Schizothorax</a></i> snowtrout, <i><a href="/wiki/Triplophysa" title="Triplophysa">Triplophysa</a></i> loaches, and the catfish <i><a href="/wiki/Glyptosternon" title="Glyptosternon">Glyptosternon</a> reticulatum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mirza,_Z.S.-2014_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirza,_Z.S.-2014-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Going downstream these are soon joined by the golden mahseer <i><a href="/wiki/Tor_putitora" title="Tor putitora">Tor putitora</a></i> (alternatively <i>T. macrolepis</i>, although it often is regarded as a synonym of <i>T. putitora</i>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Schistura" title="Schistura">Schistura</a></i> loaches. Downriver from around <a href="/wiki/Thakot" title="Thakot">Thakot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarbela" title="Tarbela">Tarbela</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kabul_River" title="Kabul River">Kabul</a>–Indus river confluence, <a href="/wiki/Attock_Khurd" title="Attock Khurd">Attock Khurd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a> the diversity rises strongly, including many cyprinids (<i><a href="/wiki/Amblypharyngodon" class="mw-redirect" title="Amblypharyngodon">Amblypharyngodon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Aspidoparia" title="Aspidoparia">Aspidoparia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Barilius" title="Barilius">Barilius</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chela_(fish)" title="Chela (fish)">Chela</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cirrhinus" title="Cirrhinus">Cirrhinus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Crossocheilus" title="Crossocheilus">Crossocheilus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cyprinion" title="Cyprinion">Cyprinion</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Danio" title="Danio">Danio</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Devario" title="Devario">Devario</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Esomus" title="Esomus">Esomus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Garra" title="Garra">Garra</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Labeo" title="Labeo">Labeo</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Naziritor" class="mw-redirect" title="Naziritor">Naziritor</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Osteobrama" title="Osteobrama">Osteobrama</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pethia" title="Pethia">Pethia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Puntius" title="Puntius">Puntius</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rasbora" title="Rasbora">Rasbora</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Salmophasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmophasia">Salmophasia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Securicula" title="Securicula">Securicula</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Systomus" title="Systomus">Systomus</a></i>), true loaches (<i><a href="/wiki/Botia" title="Botia">Botia</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lepidocephalus" title="Lepidocephalus">Lepidocephalus</a></i>), stone loaches (<i><a href="/wiki/Acanthocobitis" title="Acanthocobitis">Acanthocobitis</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Nemacheilus" title="Nemacheilus">Nemacheilus</a></i>), ailiid catfish (<i><a href="/wiki/Clupisoma" title="Clupisoma">Clupisoma</a></i>), bagridae catfish (<i><a href="/wiki/Batasio" title="Batasio">Batasio</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mystus" title="Mystus">Mystus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rita_(fish)" title="Rita (fish)">Rita</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sperata" title="Sperata">Sperata</a></i>), airsac catfish (<i><a href="/wiki/Heteropneustes" title="Heteropneustes">Heteropneustes</a></i>), schilbid catfish (<i><a href="/wiki/Eutropiichthys" title="Eutropiichthys">Eutropiichthys</a></i>), silurid catfish (<i><a href="/wiki/Ompok" title="Ompok">Ompok</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Wallago" title="Wallago">Wallago</a></i>), sisorid catfish (<i><a href="/wiki/Bagarius" title="Bagarius">Bagarius</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gagata" title="Gagata">Gagata</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Glyptothorax" title="Glyptothorax">Glyptothorax</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sisor" title="Sisor">Sisor</a></i>), gouramis (<i><a href="/wiki/Trichogaster" title="Trichogaster">Trichogaster</a></i>), nandid leaffish (<i><a href="/wiki/Nandus" title="Nandus">Nandus</a></i>), snakeheads (<i><a href="/wiki/Channa" title="Channa">Channa</a></i>), spiny eel (<i><a href="/wiki/Macrognathus" title="Macrognathus">Macrognathus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mastacembelus" title="Mastacembelus">Mastacembelus</a></i>), knifefish (<i><a href="/wiki/Notopterus" class="mw-redirect" title="Notopterus">Notopterus</a></i>), glassfish (<i><a href="/wiki/Elongate_glassy_perchlet" title="Elongate glassy perchlet">Chanda</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Parambassis" title="Parambassis">Parambassis</a></i>), clupeids (<i><a href="/wiki/Gudusia" title="Gudusia">Gudusia</a></i>), needlefish (<i><a href="/wiki/Xenentodon" title="Xenentodon">Xenentodon</a></i>) and gobies (<i><a href="/wiki/Glossogobius" title="Glossogobius">Glossogobius</a></i>), as well as a few <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mirza,_Z.S.-2014_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirza,_Z.S.-2014-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the altitude further declines the Indus basin becomes overall quite slow-flowing as it passes through the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Plain" title="Punjab Plain">Punjab Plain</a>. Major <a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">carp</a> become common, and chameleonfish (<i><a href="/wiki/Badis_(fish)" title="Badis (fish)">Badis</a></i>), mullet (<i><a href="/wiki/Sicamugil" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicamugil">Sicamugil</a></i>) and swamp eel (<i><a href="/wiki/Monopterus" title="Monopterus">Monopterus</a></i>) appear.<sup id="cite_ref-Mirza,_Z.S.-2014_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirza,_Z.S.-2014-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some upland lakes and tributaries of the Punjab region snow trout and <a href="/wiki/Mahseer" title="Mahseer">mahseer</a> are still common, but once the Indus basin reaches its lower plain the former group is absent and the latter are rare.<sup id="cite_ref-Mirza,_Z.S.-2014_40-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirza,_Z.S.-2014-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the species of the middle sections of the Indus basin are also present in the lower. Notable examples of genera that are present in the lower plain but generally not elsewhere in the Indus River basin are the <i><a href="/wiki/Aphanius" title="Aphanius">Aphanius</a></i> pupfish, <i><a href="/wiki/Aplocheilus" title="Aplocheilus">Aplocheilus</a></i> killifish, <a href="/wiki/Tenualosa_ilisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenualosa ilisha">palla fish</a> (<i>Tenualosa ilisha</i>), <a href="/wiki/Catla" title="Catla">catla</a> (<i>Labeo catla</i>), <a href="/wiki/Rohu" title="Rohu">rohu</a> (<i>Labeo rohita</i>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Cirrhinus_mrigala" title="Cirrhinus mrigala">Cirrhinus mrigala</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mirza,_Z.S.-2014_40-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirza,_Z.S.-2014-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lowermost part of the river and its delta are home to freshwater fish, but also several <a href="/wiki/Brackish" class="mw-redirect" title="Brackish">brackish</a> and marine species.<sup id="cite_ref-Mirza,_Z.S.-2014_40-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirza,_Z.S.-2014-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes <a href="/wiki/Pomfret" title="Pomfret">pomfret</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prawn" title="Prawn">prawns</a>. The large delta has been recognized by conservationists as an important ecological region. Here, the river turns into many marshes, streams and creeks and meets the sea at shallow levels. </p><p>Palla fish (<i>Tenualosa ilisha</i>) of the river is a delicacy for people living along the river. The population of fish in the river is moderately high, with <a href="/wiki/Sukkur" title="Sukkur">Sukkur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta">Thatta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kotri" title="Kotri">Kotri</a> being the major fishing centres – all in the lower Sindh course. As a result, damming and irrigation have made fish farming an important economic activity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sukkur_Skyline_along_the_shores_of_the_River_Indus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sukkur_Skyline_along_the_shores_of_the_River_Indus.jpg/400px-Sukkur_Skyline_along_the_shores_of_the_River_Indus.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sukkur_Skyline_along_the_shores_of_the_River_Indus.jpg/600px-Sukkur_Skyline_along_the_shores_of_the_River_Indus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sukkur_Skyline_along_the_shores_of_the_River_Indus.jpg/800px-Sukkur_Skyline_along_the_shores_of_the_River_Indus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption>Skyline of <a href="/wiki/Sukkur" title="Sukkur">Sukkur</a> along the shores of the Indus River</figcaption></figure> <p>The Indus is the most important supplier of water resources to the <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> and Sindh plains – it forms the backbone of agriculture and food production in Pakistan. The river is especially critical since rainfall is meagre in the lower Indus valley. <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">Irrigation canals</a> were first built by the people of the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a>, and later by the engineers of the <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>. Modern irrigation was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> in 1850 – the construction of modern canals accompanied with the restoration of old canals. The British supervised the construction of one of the most complex irrigation networks in the world. The <a href="/wiki/Guddu_Barrage" title="Guddu Barrage">Guddu Barrage</a> is 1,350 m (4,430 ft) long – irrigating <a href="/wiki/Sukkur" title="Sukkur">Sukkur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacobabad" title="Jacobabad">Jacobabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larkana" title="Larkana">Larkana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalat_District" title="Kalat District">Kalat</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sukkur_Barrage" title="Sukkur Barrage">Sukkur Barrage</a> serves over 20,000 km<sup>2</sup> (7,700 sq mi). </p><p>After Pakistan came into existence, a <a href="/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty" title="Indus Waters Treaty">water control treaty signed between India and Pakistan in 1960</a> guaranteed that Pakistan would receive water from the Indus River and its two tributaries the <a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab River</a> independently of upstream control by India.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Indus_Basin_Project" title="Indus Basin Project">Indus Basin Project</a> consisted primarily of the construction of two main dams, the <a href="/wiki/Mangla_Dam" title="Mangla Dam">Mangla Dam</a> built on the Jhelum River and the <a href="/wiki/Tarbela_Dam" title="Tarbela Dam">Tarbela Dam</a> constructed on the Indus River, together with their subsidiary dams.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority undertook the construction of the Chashma-Jhelum link canal – linking the waters of the Indus and Jhelum rivers – extending water supplies to the regions of <a href="/wiki/Bahawalpur" title="Bahawalpur">Bahawalpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>. Pakistan constructed the <a href="/wiki/Tarbela_Dam" title="Tarbela Dam">Tarbela Dam</a> near <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a> – standing 2,743 metres (9,000 ft) long and 143 metres (470 ft) high, with an 80-kilometre (50 mi) long reservoir. It supports the <a href="/wiki/Chashma_Barrage" title="Chashma Barrage">Chashma Barrage</a> near Dera Ismail Khan for irrigation use and flood control and the <a href="/wiki/Taunsa_Barrage" title="Taunsa Barrage">Taunsa Barrage</a> near <a href="/wiki/Dera_Ghazi_Khan" title="Dera Ghazi Khan">Dera Ghazi Khan</a> which also produces 100,000 kilowatts of electricity. The <a href="/wiki/Kotri_Barrage" title="Kotri Barrage">Kotri Barrage</a> near <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_Sindh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, Sindh">Hyderabad</a> is 915 metres (3,000 ft) long and provides additional water supplies for Karachi. The extensive linking of tributaries with the Indus has helped spread water resources to the valley of <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>. The extensive irrigation and dam projects provide the basis for Pakistan's large production of crops such as cotton, <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> and wheat. The dams also generate electricity for heavy industries and urban centres. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohana_Community_of_indus_river.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mohana_Community_of_indus_river.jpg/220px-Mohana_Community_of_indus_river.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mohana_Community_of_indus_river.jpg/330px-Mohana_Community_of_indus_river.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mohana_Community_of_indus_river.jpg/440px-Mohana_Community_of_indus_river.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5150" data-file-height="3433" /></a><figcaption>Houseboat of a <a href="/wiki/Mohana_(community)" title="Mohana (community)">Mohana</a> family near <a href="/wiki/Kot_Addu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kot Addu">Kot Addu</a>; people of the Mohana tribe live on the Indus river and related waterbodies in Sindh and southern Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The Indus River is sacred to Hindus.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sindhu_Darshan_Festival" title="Sindhu Darshan Festival">Sindhu Darshan Festival</a> is held on every <a href="/wiki/Guru_Purnima" title="Guru Purnima">Guru Purnima</a> on the banks of the Indus.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ethnicities of the Indus Valley (Pakistan and Northwest India) have a greater amount of ANI (or West Eurasian) admixture than other South Asians, including inputs from <a href="/wiki/Western_Steppe_Herders" title="Western Steppe Herders">Western Steppe Herders</a>, with evidence of more sustained and multi-layered migrations from the west.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_issues">Modern issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Modern issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indus_delta">Indus delta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Indus delta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indus_River_Delta" title="Indus River Delta">Indus River Delta</a></div> <p>Originally, the delta used to receive almost all of the water from the Indus River, which has an annual flow of approximately 180 billion cubic metres (240<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>9</sup> cu yd), and is accompanied by 400 million tonnes (390<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> long tons) of silt.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1940s, dams, barrages and irrigation works have been constructed on the river. The Indus Basin Irrigation System is the "largest contiguous irrigation system developed over the past 140 years" anywhere in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has reduced the flow of water and by 2018, the average annual flow of water below the <a href="/wiki/Kotri_barrage" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotri barrage">Kotri barrage</a> was 33 billion cubic metres (43<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>9</sup> cu yd),<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and annual amount of silt discharged was estimated at 100 million tonnes (98<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> long tons).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As a result, the <a href="/wiki/2010_Pakistan_floods" title="2010 Pakistan floods">2010 Pakistan floods</a> were considered "good news" for the ecosystem and population of the river delta as they brought much-needed fresh water.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any further utilization of the river basin water is not economically feasible.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vegetation and wildlife of the Indus delta are threatened by the reduced inflow of fresh water, along with extensive deforestation, industrial pollution and <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>. Damming has also isolated the delta population of Indus River dolphins from those further upstream.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Large-scale diversion of the river's water for irrigation has raised far-reaching issues. Sediment clogging from poor maintenance of canals has affected agricultural production and vegetation on numerous occasions. Irrigation itself is increasing soil salinization, reducing crop yields and in some cases rendering farmland useless for cultivation.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effects_of_climate_change_on_the_river">Effects of climate change on the river</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Effects of climate change on the river"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a> contains the world's third-largest store of ice. Qin Dahe, the former head of the China Meteorological Administration, said the recent fast pace of melting and warmer temperatures will be good for agriculture and tourism in the short term, but issued a strong warning: </p> <blockquote><p>Temperatures are rising four times faster than elsewhere in China, and the Tibetan glaciers are retreating at a higher speed than in any other part of the world... In the short term, this will cause lakes to expand and bring floods and mudflows... In the long run, the glaciers are vital lifelines of the Indus River. Once they vanish, water supplies in Pakistan will be in peril.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>"There is insufficient data to say what will happen to the Indus," says David Grey, the World Bank's senior water advisor in South Asia. "But we all have very nasty fears that the flows of the Indus could be severely, severely affected by glacier melt as a consequence of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>," and reduced by perhaps as much as 50 per cent. "Now what does that mean to a population that lives in a desert [where], without the river, there would be no life? I don't know the answer to that question," he says. "But we need to be concerned about that. Deeply, deeply concerned." </p><p>U.S. diplomat <a href="/wiki/Richard_Holbrooke" title="Richard Holbrooke">Richard Holbrooke</a> said, shortly before he died in 2010, that he believed that falling water levels in the Indus River "could very well precipitate World War III."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pollution">Pollution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over the years factories on the banks of the Indus River have increased levels of water pollution in the river and the atmosphere around it. High levels of pollutants in the river have led to the deaths of endangered Indus river dolphin. The <a href="/wiki/Sindh_Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindh Environmental Protection Agency">Sindh Environmental Protection Agency</a> has ordered polluting factories around the river to shut down under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Death of the <a href="/wiki/Indus_river_dolphin" title="Indus river dolphin">Indus river dolphin</a> has also been attributed to fishermen using poison to kill fish and scooping them up.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the government banned fishing from <a href="/wiki/Guddu_Barrage" title="Guddu Barrage">Guddu Barrage</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sukkur" title="Sukkur">Sukkur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Indus is second among a group of ten rivers responsible for about 90% of all the <a href="/wiki/Plastic_pollution" title="Plastic pollution">plastic</a> that reaches the oceans. The <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> is the only river contributing more plastic.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_floods">2010 floods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2010 floods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indus_flooding_2010_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Indus_flooding_2010_en.svg/280px-Indus_flooding_2010_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Indus_flooding_2010_en.svg/420px-Indus_flooding_2010_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Indus_flooding_2010_en.svg/560px-Indus_flooding_2010_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="726" /></a><figcaption>Affected areas as of 26 August 2010</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2010_Pakistan_floods" title="2010 Pakistan floods">2010 Pakistan floods</a></div> <p>Frequently, Indus River is prone to moderate to severe flooding.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2010, following abnormally heavy <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> rains, the Indus River rose above its banks and started flooding. The rain continued for the next two months, devastating large areas of Pakistan. In <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>, the Indus burst its banks near <a href="/wiki/Sukkur" title="Sukkur">Sukkur</a> on 8 August, submerging the village of Mor Khan Jatoi.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early August, the heaviest flooding moved southward along the Indus River from severely affected northern regions toward western <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>, where at least 1,400,000 acres (570,000 ha) of cropland was destroyed, and the southern province of Sindh.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of September 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, over two thousand people had died and over a million homes had been destroyed since the flooding began.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_floods">2011 floods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2011 floods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2011_Sindh_floods" title="2011 Sindh floods">2011 Sindh floods</a></div> <p>The 2011 <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> floods began during the Pakistani monsoon season in mid-August 2011, resulting from heavy monsoon rains in Sindh, eastern Balochistan, and southern Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The floods caused considerable damage; an estimated 434 civilians were killed, with 5.3 million people and 1,524,773 homes affected.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Express_Tribune-2011_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Express_Tribune-2011-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sindh is a fertile region and often called the "breadbasket" of the country; the damage and toll of the floods on the local agrarian economy was said to be extensive. At least 1.7 million acres (690,000 ha; 2,700 sq mi) of arable land were inundated. The flooding followed the previous year's floods, which devastated a large part of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Express_Tribune-2011_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Express_Tribune-2011-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unprecedented torrential monsoon rains caused severe flooding in 16 districts of Sindh.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Barrages,_bridges,_levees_and_dams"><span id="Barrages.2C_bridges.2C_levees_and_dams"></span>Barrages, bridges, levees and dams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Barrages, bridges, levees and dams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_barrages_and_headworks_in_Pakistan" title="List of barrages and headworks in Pakistan">List of barrages and headworks in Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Pakistan" title="List of dams and reservoirs in Pakistan">List of dams and reservoirs in Pakistan</a></div> <p>In Pakistan currently there are six <a href="/wiki/Barrage_(dam)" title="Barrage (dam)">barrages</a> on the Indus: <a href="/wiki/Guddu_Barrage" title="Guddu Barrage">Guddu Barrage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sukkur_Barrage" title="Sukkur Barrage">Sukkur Barrage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kotri_Barrage" title="Kotri Barrage">Kotri Barrage</a> (also called Ghulam Muhammad barrage), <a href="/wiki/Taunsa_Barrage" title="Taunsa Barrage">Taunsa Barrage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chashma_Barrage" title="Chashma Barrage">Chashma Barrage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jinnah_Barrage" title="Jinnah Barrage">Jinnah Barrage</a>. Another new barrage called "<a href="/wiki/Sindh_Barrage" title="Sindh Barrage">Sindh Barrage</a>" is planned as a terminal barrage on the Indus River.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are some bridges on River Indus, such as Dadu Moro Bridge, Larkana Khairpur Indus River Bridge, Thatta-Sujawal bridge, Jhirk-Mula Katiar bridge and recently planned Kandhkot-Ghotki bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The entire left bank of Indus river in Sind province is protected from river flooding by constructing around 600 km long <a href="/wiki/Levees" class="mw-redirect" title="Levees">levees</a>. The right bank side is also leveed from <a href="/wiki/Guddu_barrage" class="mw-redirect" title="Guddu barrage">Guddu barrage</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Manchar" title="Lake Manchar">Lake Manchar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the levees construction, the river has been <a href="/wiki/Aggradation" title="Aggradation">aggrading</a> rapidly over the last 20 years leading to breaches upstream of barrages and inundation of large areas.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tarbela_Dam" title="Tarbela Dam">Tarbela Dam</a> in Pakistan is constructed on the Indus River, while the controversial <a href="/wiki/Kalabagh_Dam" title="Kalabagh Dam">Kalabagh dam</a> is also being constructed on Indus river. Pakistan is also building <a href="/wiki/Munda_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Munda Dam">Munda Dam</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm/200px--River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="113" data-durationhint="99" data-mwtitle="River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm/River_Indus_at_Kotri_Barrage_Jamshoro.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Video of River Indus at Kotri Barrage, Sindh, Pakistan.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lansdowne,_Sukkur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lansdowne Bridge and Ayub Bridge connecting the cities of Rohri and Sukkur in Sindh, Pakistan."><img alt="Lansdowne Bridge and Ayub Bridge connecting the cities of Rohri and Sukkur in Sindh, Pakistan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lansdowne%2C_Sukkur.jpg/200px-Lansdowne%2C_Sukkur.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lansdowne%2C_Sukkur.jpg/300px-Lansdowne%2C_Sukkur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lansdowne%2C_Sukkur.jpg/400px-Lansdowne%2C_Sukkur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5390" data-file-height="3032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lansdowne Bridge and Ayub Bridge connecting the cities of Rohri and Sukkur in Sindh, Pakistan.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frozen_Indus,_Near_Nyoma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frozen Indus, Near Nyoma"><img alt="Frozen Indus, Near Nyoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Frozen_Indus%2C_Near_Nyoma.jpg/186px-Frozen_Indus%2C_Near_Nyoma.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Frozen_Indus%2C_Near_Nyoma.jpg/280px-Frozen_Indus%2C_Near_Nyoma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Frozen_Indus%2C_Near_Nyoma.jpg/373px-Frozen_Indus%2C_Near_Nyoma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frozen Indus, Near Nyoma</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indus_at_Skardu_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indus at Skardu"><img alt="Indus at Skardu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Indus_at_Skardu_%281%29.jpg/191px-Indus_at_Skardu_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Indus_at_Skardu_%281%29.jpg/286px-Indus_at_Skardu_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Indus_at_Skardu_%281%29.jpg/382px-Indus_at_Skardu_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5468" data-file-height="3442" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Indus at Skardu</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indus_River_Dera_Ismail_Khan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indus near Dera Ismail Khan"><img alt="Indus near Dera Ismail Khan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Indus_River_Dera_Ismail_Khan.jpg/160px-Indus_River_Dera_Ismail_Khan.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Indus_River_Dera_Ismail_Khan.jpg/240px-Indus_River_Dera_Ismail_Khan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Indus_River_Dera_Ismail_Khan.jpg/320px-Indus_River_Dera_Ismail_Khan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Indus near Dera Ismail Khan</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/All_Ladakh_Gonpa_Association#Indus" title="All Ladakh Gonpa Association">Many Buddhist monasteries</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ladakh" title="Tourism in Ladakh">Ladakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus-Sarasvati Valley Civilisation</a> sites along the banks of Indus and <a href="/wiki/Sarasvati_River" title="Sarasvati River">Sarasvati River</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ghaggar-Hakra_River" title="Ghaggar-Hakra River">Ghaggar-Hakra River</a>) and in <a href="/wiki/Indus_Sagar_Doab" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Sagar Doab">Indus Sagar Doab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indus_River_Delta" title="Indus River Delta">Indus River Delta</a>, various dams such as <a href="/wiki/Baglihar_Dam" title="Baglihar Dam">Baglihar Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindhu_Darshan_Festival" title="Sindhu Darshan Festival">Sindhu Darshan Festival</a> held every year at <a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sindhu Pushkaram festival held every 12 years at confluence of Indus and <a href="/wiki/Zanskar_River" title="Zanskar River">Zanskar River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nimoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimoo">Nimoo</a> once every 12 years for 12 days starting from when Jupiter enter into Kumbha rasi (Aquarius),<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> etc. are tourism opportunities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Himalayas" title="Geology of the Himalayas">Geology of the Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Indus" title="HMS Indus">HMS <i>Indus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty" title="Indus Waters Treaty">Indus Waters Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Pakistan" title="List of rivers of Pakistan">List of rivers of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_rivers" title="Rigvedic rivers">Rigvedic rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir">Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhology" title="Sindhology">Sindhology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindush" title="Hindush">Hindush</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Number of Indus script inscribed objects and seals obtained from various Harappan sites: 1540 from Mohanjodaro, 985 from Harappa, 66 from Chanhudaro, 165 from Lothal, 99 from Kalibangan, 7 from Banawali, 6 from Ur in Iraq, 5 from Surkotada, 4 from Chandigarh</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-britannica-11-24-Indus-name-lead-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica-11-24-Indus-name-lead_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLodrickAhmad2024" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lodrick, Deryck; Ahmad, Nafis (12 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Indus-River"><i>Indus River</i></a>. Encyclopedia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2024</span>. <q>Also Mehran, Sênggê Zangbo, Shiquan He, Sindhu ... The river's conventional name derives from the Tibetan and Sanskrit name Sindhu. The earliest chronicles and hymns of the Indo-European-speaking peoples of ancient India, the Rigveda, composed about 1500 bce, mention the river, which is the source of the country's name.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indus+River&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2024-11-12&rft.aulast=Lodrick&rft.aufirst=Deryck&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+Nafis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FIndus-River&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kashmir-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kashmir_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kashmir_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent">"Kashmir: region, Indian subcontinent"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190813203817/https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kashmir%3A+region%2C+Indian+subcontinent&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FKashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span> Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent. It is bounded by the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang to the northeast and the Tibet Autonomous Region to the east (both parts of China), by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south, by Pakistan to the west, and by Afghanistan to the northwest. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, ... The southern and southeastern portions constitute the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian- and Pakistani-administered portions are divided by a "line of control" agreed to in 1972, although neither country recognizes it as an international boundary. In addition, China became active in the eastern area of Kashmir in the 1950s and since 1962 has controlled the northeastern part of Ladakh (the easternmost portion of the region)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmadZhangTayyabAnjum2018" class="citation journal cs1">Ahmad, Ijaz; Zhang, Fan; Tayyab, Muhammad; Anjum, Muhammad Naveed; Zaman, Muhammad; Liu, Junguo; Farid, Hafiz Umar; Saddique, Qaisar (15 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809517312796">"Spatiotemporal analysis of precipitation variability in annual, seasonal and extreme values over upper Indus River basin"</a>. <i>Atmospheric Research</i>. <b>213</b>: 346–60. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AtmRe.213..346A">2018AtmRe.213..346A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.atmosres.2018.06.019">10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.06.019</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0169-8095">0169-8095</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:125980503">125980503</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Research&rft.atitle=Spatiotemporal+analysis+of+precipitation+variability+in+annual%2C+seasonal+and+extreme+values+over+upper+Indus+River+basin&rft.volume=213&rft.pages=346-60&rft.date=2018-11-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.atmosres.2018.06.019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A125980503%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0169-8095&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018AtmRe.213..346A&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Ijaz&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Fan&rft.au=Tayyab%2C+Muhammad&rft.au=Anjum%2C+Muhammad+Naveed&rft.au=Zaman%2C+Muhammad&rft.au=Liu%2C+Junguo&rft.au=Farid%2C+Hafiz+Umar&rft.au=Saddique%2C+Qaisar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0169809517312796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-11-24-Indus-delta-lead-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica-11-24-Indus-delta-lead_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica-11-24-Indus-delta-lead_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLodrickAhmad2024" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lodrick, Deryck; Ahmad, Nafis (12 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Indus-River"><i>Indus River</i></a>. Encyclopedia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2024</span>. <q>Near Tatta the Indus branches into distributaries that form a delta and join the sea at various points south-southeast of Karachi. The delta covers an area of 3,000 square miles (7,800 square km) or more (and extends along the coast for about 130 miles (210 km). The uneven surface of the delta contains a network of existing and abandoned channels. The coastal strip, from about 5 to 20 miles (8 to 32 km) inland, is flooded by high tides. The Indus delta has elongated protruding distributaries and low sandy beaches.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indus+River&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2024-11-12&rft.aulast=Lodrick&rft.aufirst=Deryck&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+Nafis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FIndus-River&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShresthaAgrawalAlfthanBajracharya" class="citation book cs1">Shrestha AB, Agrawal NK, Alfthan B, Bajracharya SR, Maréchal J, van Oort B (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.icimod.org/record/31180"><i>The Himalayan Climate and Water Atlas: Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in Five of Asia's Major River Basins</i></a>. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-9115-357-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-9115-357-2"><bdi>978-92-9115-357-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240817085543/https://lib.icimod.org/record/31180">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Himalayan+Climate+and+Water+Atlas%3A+Impact+of+Climate+Change+on+Water+Resources+in+Five+of+Asia%27s+Major+River+Basins&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=International+Centre+for+Integrated+Mountain+Development&rft.isbn=978-92-9115-357-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flib.icimod.org%2Frecord%2F31180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmirNareshAnujRavish2015" class="citation web cs1">Amir, Khan; Naresh, Pant; Anuj, Goswami; Ravish, Lal; Rajesh, Joshi (December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312752687">"Critical Evaluation and Assessment of Average Annual Precipitation in The Indus, The Ganges and The Brahmaputra Basins, Northern India – Himalayan Cryospheric Observations and Modelling (HiCOM)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Critical+Evaluation+and+Assessment+of+Average+Annual+Precipitation+in+The+Indus%2C+The+Ganges+and+The+Brahmaputra+Basins%2C+Northern+India+%E2%80%93+Himalayan+Cryospheric+Observations+and+Modelling+%28HiCOM%29&rft.date=2015-12&rft.aulast=Amir&rft.aufirst=Khan&rft.au=Naresh%2C+Pant&rft.au=Anuj%2C+Goswami&rft.au=Ravish%2C+Lal&rft.au=Rajesh%2C+Joshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F312752687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indus-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Indus_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indus_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indus_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=58&catid=220&Itemid=179">"Indus"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riversnetwork.org%2FV1%2Findex.php%2Fcomponent%2Fcontent%2F%3Fview%3Darticle%26id%3D58%26catid%3D220%26Itemid%3D179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardsonWylieFalkenheimShakabpa2020" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Richardson, Hugh E.; Wylie, Turrell V.; Falkenheim, Victor C.; Shakabpa, Tsepon W. D. (3 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Tibet">"Tibet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814152626/https://www.britannica.com/place/Tibet">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2021</span>. <q>historic region and autonomous region of China that is often called "the roof of the world." It occupies a vast area of plateaus and mountains in Central Asia</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tibet&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2020-03-03&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Hugh+E.&rft.au=Wylie%2C+Turrell+V.&rft.au=Falkenheim%2C+Victor+C.&rft.au=Shakabpa%2C+Tsepon+W.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FTibet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahmad-2019-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ahmad-2019_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ahmad-2019_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ahmad-2019_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmadLodrick2019" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ahmad, Nafis; Lodrick, Deryck (6 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Indus-River">"Indus River"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200507163743/https://www.britannica.com/place/Indus-River">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Indus+River&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2019-02-06&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Nafis&rft.au=Lodrick%2C+Deryck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FIndus-River&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=abqpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA240"><i>Natural Wonders of the World</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Random_House" title="Penguin Random House">Penguin Random House</a>/<a href="/wiki/DK_(publisher)" title="DK (publisher)">DK</a> & <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian</a>. 2017. p. 240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-9492-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-9492-4"><bdi>978-1-4654-9492-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240817085743/https://books.google.com/books?id=abqpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA240#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+Wonders+of+the+World&rft.pages=240&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House%2FDK+%26+Smithsonian&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-4654-9492-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DabqpDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806005852/http://www.wapda.gov.pk/index.php/river-flow-in-pakistan">"Indus water flow data in to reservoirs of Pakistan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wapda.gov.pk/index.php/river-flow-in-pakistan">the original</a> on 6 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Indus+water+flow+data+in+to+reservoirs+of+Pakistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wapda.gov.pk%2Findex.php%2Friver-flow-in-pakistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-indus-1598-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oed-indus-1598_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Indus" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/7247270110">"Indus"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2FOED%2F7247270110">10.1093/OED/7247270110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Indus&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2FOED%2F7247270110&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2FOED%2F7247270110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-India-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oed-India_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-India" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/3183874375">"India"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2FOED%2F3183874375">10.1093/OED/3183874375</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=India&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2FOED%2F3183874375&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2FOED%2F3183874375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-macdonell-sindhu-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-macdonell-sindhu_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacdonell2020" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (2020) [1929]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sanskrit_query.py?qs=sindhu&matchtype=default">"सिन्धु sindhu"</a>. <i>A practical Sanskrit dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>. <q>m. f. [moving to a goal: √2. sidh] stream, river; Indus; m. flood (V.); ocean; region of the Indus, Sindh, people of Sindh</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81+sindhu&rft.btitle=A+practical+Sanskrit+dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Macdonell&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fapp%2Fsanskrit_query.py%3Fqs%3Dsindhu%26matchtype%3Ddefault&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apte-sindu-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-apte-sindu_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApte2023" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Apte, Vaman Shivaram (2023) [1959]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sanskrit_query.py?qs=sindhu&matchtype=default">"सिन्धुः sindhuḥ"</a>. <i>A practical Sanskrit dictionary</i>. Poona: Prasad Prakashan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>. <q>1 The sea, ocean; 2 The Indus. 3 The country around the Indus.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%83+sindhu%E1%B8%A5&rft.btitle=A+practical+Sanskrit+dictionary&rft.place=Poona&rft.pub=Prasad+Prakashan&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Apte&rft.aufirst=Vaman+Shivaram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fapp%2Fsanskrit_query.py%3Fqs%3Dsindhu%26matchtype%3Ddefault&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbinia2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alice_Albinia" title="Alice Albinia">Albinia, Alice</a> (28 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/aug/28/guardianfirstbookaward.awardsandprizes1">"The guardian first book award longlist: Empires of the Indus by Alice Albinia"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+guardian+first+book+award+longlist%3A+Empires+of+the+Indus+by+Alice+Albinia&rft.date=2008-08-28&rft.aulast=Albinia&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2008%2Faug%2F28%2Fguardianfirstbookaward.awardsandprizes1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=13&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_363.gif"><i>Imperial Gazetteer of India</i></a>. Vol. 13. Oxford University Press. 1909. p. 357. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240817085545/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=13&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_363.gif">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Gazetteer+of+India&rft.pages=357&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Freference%2Fgazetteer%2Fpager.html%3Fvolume%3D13%26objectid%3DDS405.1.I34_V13_363.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Indus River: biodiversity, resources, humankind</i>. Karachi: Oxford University Press. 1999. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195779053" title="Special:BookSources/0195779053"><bdi>0195779053</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indus+River%3A+biodiversity%2C+resources%2C+humankind&rft.place=Karachi&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0195779053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span> Papers in this edited collection generally use the shorter measurement, but at least two use the longer one.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dawn-2011-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dawn-2011_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dawn-2011_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/656472/earthly-matters-origins-of-the-indus">"Earthly matters: Origins of the Indus"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. 4 September 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240817085747/https://www.dawn.com/news/656472/earthly-matters-origins-of-the-indus">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Earthly+matters%3A+Origins+of+the+Indus&rft.date=2011-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F656472%2Fearthly-matters-origins-of-the-indus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albinia (2008), p. 307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoldich1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Holdich, Thomas Hungerford (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Indus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Indus">"Indus" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 507–508.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Indus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=507-508&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Holdich&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Hungerford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/70-of-cattle-breeders-desert-Banni/articleshow/904446.cms">70% of cattle-breeders desert Banni</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403141239/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/70-of-cattle-breeders-desert-Banni/articleshow/904446.cms">Archived</a> 3 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; by Narandas Thacker, TNN, 14 February 2002; <i>The Times of India</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.india-seminar.com/2006/564/564_c_bharwada_%26_v_mahajan.htm">"564 Charul Bharwada & Vinay Mahajan, Lost and forgotten: grasslands and pastoralists of Gujarat"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220101171959/https://www.india-seminar.com/2006/564/564_c_bharwada_%26_v_mahajan.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=564+Charul+Bharwada+%26+Vinay+Mahajan%2C+Lost+and+forgotten%3A+grasslands+and+pastoralists+of+Gujarat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.india-seminar.com%2F2006%2F564%2F564_c_bharwada_%2526_v_mahajan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indus_re-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Indus_re_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indus_re_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indus-river-re-enters-india/1/158976.html">"Indus re-enters India after two centuries, feeds Little Rann, Nal Sarovar"</a>. 7 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180109090722/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indus-river-re-enters-india/1/158976.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indus+re-enters+India+after+two+centuries%2C+feeds+Little+Rann%2C+Nal+Sarovar&rft.date=2011-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Fstory%2Findus-river-re-enters-india%2F1%2F158976.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2016" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Brian (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ArReCgAAQBAJ"><i>Daily Life in the Indus Valley Civilization</i></a>. Raintree. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1406298574" title="Special:BookSources/978-1406298574"><bdi>978-1406298574</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daily+Life+in+the+Indus+Valley+Civilization&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Raintree&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1406298574&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DArReCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalik1943" class="citation book cs1">Malik, Dr Malti (1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bMg-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12"><i>History of India</i></a>. New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7335-498-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7335-498-4"><bdi>978-81-7335-498-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703061640/https://books.google.com/books?id=bMg-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+India&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=New+Saraswati+House+India+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=1943&rft.isbn=978-81-7335-498-4&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Dr+Malti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbMg-DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Iravatham_Mahadevan" title="Iravatham Mahadevan">Iravatham Mahadevan</a>, 1977, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masi77indusscripttextsconcordancestablesiravathammahadevanalt_443_h"><i>The Indus Script: Text, Concordance and Tables</i></a>, pp. 6–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Upinder_Singh" title="Upinder Singh">Upinder Singh</a>, 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA169"><i>A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221129142938/https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&lpg=PA211&pg=PA169">Archived</a> 29 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Yule" title="Henry Yule">Henry Yule</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.1:1:191.hobson"><i>India, Indies</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120628235414/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.1:1:191.hobson">Archived</a> 28 June 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>. In <i><a href="/wiki/Hobson-Jobson" title="Hobson-Jobson">Hobson-Jobson</a>: A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological, historical, geographical and discursive.</i> New ed. edited by William Crooke, B.A. London: J. Murray, 1903</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scroll.in/article/723351/was-the-ramayana-actually-set-in-and-around-todays-afghanistan">"Was the Ramayana actually set in and around today's Afghanistan?"</a>. 26 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191106083141/https://scroll.in/article/723351/was-the-ramayana-actually-set-in-and-around-todays-afghanistan">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cosmo Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-307-0533-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-307-0533-0"><bdi>978-81-307-0533-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240817090125/https://books.google.com/books?id=1fok0UPbkZsC&pg=PA9">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Fishing+poison+killing+Indus+dolphins%2C+PA+told&rft.date=2012-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F701129%2Ffishing-poison-killing-indus-dolphins-pa-told&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dawn.com/2012/05/01/18-dolphins-died-from-poisoning-in-jan/">"18 dolphins died from poisoning in Jan"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. 1 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120707164235/http://dawn.com/2012/05/01/18-dolphins-died-from-poisoning-in-jan/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=18+dolphins+died+from+poisoning+in+Jan&rft.date=2012-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdawn.com%2F2012%2F05%2F01%2F18-dolphins-died-from-poisoning-in-jan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/347500/threat-to-dolphin-govt-bans-fishing-between-guddu-and-sukkur/">"Threat to dolphin: Govt bans fishing between Guddu and Sukkur"</a>. <i>The Express Tribune</i>. 9 March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120521005236/http://tribune.com.pk/story/347500/threat-to-dolphin-govt-bans-fishing-between-guddu-and-sukkur/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2018</span>. <q>about 90 per cent of all the plastic that reaches the world's oceans gets flushed through just 10 rivers: The Yangtze, the Indus, Yellow River, Hai River, the Nile, the Ganges, Pearl River, Amur River, the Niger, and the Mekong (in that order).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW.COM&rft.atitle=Almost+all+plastic+in+the+ocean+comes+from+just+10+rivers+%E2%80%93+30.11.2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Falmost-all-plastic-in-the-ocean-comes-from-just-10-rivers%2Fa-41581484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidtKrauthWagner2017" class="citation journal cs1">Schmidt, Christian; Krauth, Tobias; Wagner, Stephan (11 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oceanrep.geomar.de/43169/4/es7b02368_si_001.pdf">"Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Environmental Science & Technology</i>. <b>51</b> (21). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+World+News+South+Asia&rft.atitle=Pakistan+floods%3A+Oxfam+launches+emergency+aid+response&rft.date=2011-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-south-asia-14923154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Express_Tribune-2011-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Express_Tribune-2011_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Express_Tribune-2011_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/251425/floods-worsen-270-killed-officials/">"Floods worsen, 270 killed: officials"</a>. <i>The Express Tribune</i>. 13 September 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515045633/https://tribune.com.pk/story/251425/floods-worsen-270-killed-officials">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=Floods+worsen%2C+270+killed%3A+officials&rft.date=2011-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F251425%2Ffloods-worsen-270-killed-officials%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakmet.com.pk/Latest-News/Latest-News.html">Government of Pakistan Pakmet.com.pk Retrieved on 19 September 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424194621/http://www.pakmet.com.pk/Latest-News/Latest-News.html">Archived</a> 24 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1498684/pm-okays-indus-river-barrage-to-mitigate-water-woes">"PM okays Indus river barrage to mitigate water woes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240817092150/https://www.dawn.com/news/1498684/pm-okays-indus-river-barrage-to-mitigate-water-woes">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PM+okays+Indus+river+barrage+to+mitigate+water+woes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1498684%2Fpm-okays-indus-river-barrage-to-mitigate-water-woes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1501344">"Center announces Rs125bn Sindh barrage project"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190824040713/https://www.dawn.com/news/1501344">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Center+announces+Rs125bn+Sindh+barrage+project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1501344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/1133677/government-launch-kandhkot-ghotki-bridge-river-indus-next-month-cm/">"Government to launch Kandhkot-Ghotki bridge over River Indus next month: Sindh CM"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Express_Tribune" title="The Express Tribune">The Express Tribune</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Government+to+launch+Kandhkot-Ghotki+bridge+over+River+Indus+next+month%3A+Sindh+CM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F1133677%2Fgovernment-launch-kandhkot-ghotki-bridge-river-indus-next-month-cm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/2019/07/12/restore-pakistans-rivers-handle-floods-droughts-and-climate-change/">"Restore Pakistan's rivers, handle floods, droughts and climate change"</a>. 23 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Restore+Pakistan%27s+rivers%2C+handle+floods%2C+droughts+and+climate+change&rft.date=2016-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thethirdpole.net%2Fen%2F2019%2F07%2F12%2Frestore-pakistans-rivers-handle-floods-droughts-and-climate-change%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/251191548275645649/pdf/133964-WP-PUBLIC-ADD-SERIES-22-1-2019-18-56-25-W.pdf">"Pakistan: Getting More from Water (see Page 50)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181855/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/251191548275645649/pdf/133964-WP-PUBLIC-ADD-SERIES-22-1-2019-18-56-25-W.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 30 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+Getting+More+from+Water+%28see+Page+50%29&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F251191548275645649%2Fpdf%2F133964-WP-PUBLIC-ADD-SERIES-22-1-2019-18-56-25-W.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100405032344/http://ladakhs.com/ladakh-festival.php">"The Summit Adventure ladakh"</a>. <i>www.ladakhs.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ladakhs.com/ladakh-festival.php">the original</a> on 5 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ladakhs.com&rft.atitle=The+Summit+Adventure+ladakh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ladakhs.com%2Fladakh-festival.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clickatrip.in/tours/sindhu-river-pushkara-holy-bath-100107">Sindhu Pushkaram festival</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230728095010/https://www.clickatrip.in/tours/sindhu-river-pushkara-holy-bath-100107">Archived</a> 28 July 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 27 July 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Albinia, Alice. (2008) <i>Empires of the Indus: The Story of a River</i>. First American Edition (20101) W. W. Norton & Company, New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-33860-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-33860-7">978-0-393-33860-7</a>.</li> <li>Alexander Burnes, <i>A voyage on the Indus</i>, London, 1973</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Fabry" class="extiw" title="fr:Philippe Fabry">Philippe Fabry</a>, <i>Wandering with the Indus</i>, with Yusuf Shahid (text) Lahore, 1995</li> <li>Jean Fairley, <i>The Lion River: The Indus</i>, London, 1975</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG.P._Malalasekera2003" class="citation book cs1">G.P. Malalasekera (1 September 2003). <i>Dictionary of Pali Proper Names</i>. Vol. 1. Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-2061-823-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-2061-823-7"><bdi>978-81-2061-823-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Pali+Proper+Names&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.isbn=978-81-2061-823-7&rft.au=G.P.+Malalasekera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>D. Murphy, <i><a href="/wiki/Where_the_Indus_is_Young" title="Where the Indus is Young">Where the Indus is Young</a></i>, London, 1977</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParpola2015" class="citation book cs1">Parpola, Asko (15 July 2015). <i>The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-022693-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-022693-0"><bdi>978-0-19-022693-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roots+of+Hinduism%3A+The+Early+Aryans+and+the+Indus+Civilization&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015-07-15&rft.isbn=978-0-19-022693-0&rft.aulast=Parpola&rft.aufirst=Asko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndus+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Samina Quraeshi, <i>Legacy of the Indus</i>, New York, 1974</li> <li>Schomberg, <i>Between Oxus and Indus</i>, London, 1935</li> <li>Francine Tissot, <i>Les Arts anciens du Pakistan et de l'Afghanistan</i>, Paris, 1987</li> <li>Sir M. Wheeler, <i>Civilisations of the Indus Valley and Beyond</i>, London, 1966</li> <li>World Atlas, Millennium Edition, p. 265.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output 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solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Indus River</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Indus_River" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Indus River">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/River_Indus" class="extiw" title="c:River Indus">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Indus_River" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Indus River">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Indus_River" class="extiw" title="q:Indus River">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Indus_River" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Indus River">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Indus_River" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Indus River">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Indus_River" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Indus River">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li>The origins of Indus: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/1159539">1159539</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks nowrap">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/relation/1159539"><abbr title="XML raw data">x</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/relation/1159539/full.json"><abbr title="JSON raw data">j</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ra.osmsurround.org/analyzeRelation?relationId=1159539"><abbr title="OSM Relation Analyzer">a</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osm.virtuelle-loipe.de/history/?type=relation&ref=1159539"><abbr title="OSM History Browser">h</abbr></a>)</span> Gar basin on <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/1159538">1159538</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks nowrap">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/relation/1159538"><abbr title="XML raw data">x</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/relation/1159538/full.json"><abbr title="JSON raw data">j</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ra.osmsurround.org/analyzeRelation?relationId=1159538"><abbr title="OSM Relation Analyzer">a</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osm.virtuelle-loipe.de/history/?type=relation&ref=1159538"><abbr title="OSM History Browser">h</abbr></a>)</span> Sengge basin on <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511194625/http://www.northernareas.org.pk/">Northern Areas Development Gateway</a></li> <li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucn.org/downloads/mountain_conservancy_1_.doc">The Mountain Areas Conservancy Project</a></span> – covered parts of the Indus River</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_fullscale.cfm?mapID=355&theme=2">Indus River watershed map (World Resources Institute)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050413151625/http://earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_fullscale.cfm?mapID=355&theme=2">Archived</a> 13 April 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061007180042/http://worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/g200/g156.html">Indus Wildlife</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 7 October 2006)</li> <li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pulitzercenter.org/projects/south-asias-troubled-waters">Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting's project on water issues in South Asia</a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghsar_Lake" title="Baghsar Lake">Baghsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjosa_Lake" title="Banjosa Lake">Banjosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitta_Katha_Lake" title="Chitta Katha Lake">Chitta Katha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shounter_Lake" title="Shounter Lake">Shounter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subri_Lake" title="Subri Lake">Subri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saral_Lake" title="Saral Lake">Saral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratti_Gali_Lake" title="Ratti Gali Lake">Ratti Gali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_Lake_(Pakistan)" title="Ganga Lake (Pakistan)">Ganga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Lake" title="Hanna Lake">Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hub_Dam" title="Hub Dam">Hub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gilgit_Baltistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilgit Baltistan">Gilgit Baltistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attabad_Lake" title="Attabad Lake">Attabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borith_Lake" title="Borith Lake">Borith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karambar_Lake" title="Karambar Lake">Karambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Kachura_Lake" title="Lower Kachura Lake">Lower Kachura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Lake_(Pakistan)" title="Rama Lake (Pakistan)">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Lake_(Pakistan)" title="Rush Lake (Pakistan)">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satpara_Lake" title="Satpara Lake">Satpara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheosar_Lake" title="Sheosar Lake">Sheosar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Kachura_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Kachura Lake">Upper Kachura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territory" title="Islamabad Capital Territory">Islamabad Capital Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rawal_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Rawal Lake">Rawal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansoo_Lake" title="Ansoo Lake">Ansoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudipatsar_Lake" title="Dudipatsar Lake">Dudipatsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundol_Lake" title="Kundol Lake">Kundol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulusar_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Lulusar Lake">Lulusar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahodand_Lake" title="Mahodand Lake">Mahodand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payee_Lake" title="Payee Lake">Payee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyala_Lake" title="Pyala Lake">Pyala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saiful_Muluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Saiful Muluk">Saiful Muluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri_Lake" title="Siri Lake">Siri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khabikki_Lake" title="Khabikki Lake">Khabikki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namal_Lake" title="Namal Lake">Namal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchhali_Lake" title="Uchhali Lake">Uchhali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaik_Lake" title="Swaik Lake">Swaik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinna_Creek" title="Chinna Creek">Chinna Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_Basin" title="Boat Basin">Boat Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadero_Lake" title="Hadero Lake">Hadero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleji_Lake" title="Haleji Lake">Haleji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keenjhar_Lake" title="Keenjhar Lake">Keenjhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchar_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchar Lake">Manchar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalankar_Lake" title="Kalankar Lake">Kalankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drigh_Lake" title="Drigh Lake">Drigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamal_Lake" title="Hamal Lake">Hamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakoor_Lake" title="Shakoor Lake">Shakoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Pakistan" title="List of rivers of Pakistan">Rivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astore_River" title="Astore River">Astore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara_River" title="Bara River">Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basol_River" title="Basol River">Basol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braldu_River" title="Braldu River">Braldu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunhar_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunhar River">Bunhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasht_River" title="Dasht River">Dasht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dor_River" title="Dor River">Dor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dori_River" title="Dori River">Dori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambila_River" title="Gambila River">Gambila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaggar-Hakra_River" title="Ghaggar-Hakra River">Ghaggar-Hakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit_River" title="Gilgit River">Gilgit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomal_River" title="Gomal River">Gomal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haro_River" title="Haro River">Haro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hingol_River" title="Hingol River">Hingol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispar_River" title="Hispar River">Hispar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunza_River" title="Hunza River">Hunza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Jindi" title="River Jindi">Jindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_River" title="Kabul River">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kech_River" title="Kech River">Kech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korang_River" title="Korang River">Korang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunar_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunar River">Kunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyari_River" title="Lyari River">Lyari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malir_River" title="Malir River">Malir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mula_River_(Pakistan)" title="Mula River (Pakistan)">Mula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelum_River" title="Neelum River">Neelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjkora_River" title="Panjkora River">Panjkora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjnad_River" title="Panjnad River">Panjnad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_River" title="Poonch River">Poonch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakshan_River" title="Rakshan River">Rakshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupal_River" title="Rupal River">Rupal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaksgam_River" title="Shaksgam River">Shaksgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigar_River" title="Shigar River">Shigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingo_River" title="Shingo River">Shingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyok_River" title="Shyok River">Shyok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soan_River" title="Soan River">Soan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suru_River_(Indus)" title="Suru River (Indus)">Suru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutlej River">Sutlej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_River_(Potohar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swan River (Potohar)">Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swat_River" title="Swat River">Swat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawi_River" title="Tawi River">Tawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhob_River" title="Zhob River">Zhob</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coastal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Lakes of Pakistan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Rivers of Pakistan">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hydrography_of_the_Indian_subcontinent" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Waters_of_South_Asia" title="Template:Waters of South Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Waters_of_South_Asia" title="Template talk:Waters of South Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Waters_of_South_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Waters of South Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hydrography_of_the_Indian_subcontinent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hydrography of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inland rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagmati_River" title="Bagmati River">Bagmati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betwa_River" title="Betwa River">Betwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagirathi_River" title="Bhagirathi River">Bhagirathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_River" title="Brahmaputra River">Brahmaputra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambal_River" title="Chambal River">Chambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damodar_River" title="Damodar River">Damodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godavari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandaki_River" title="Gandaki River">Gandaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaghara_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghaghara River">Ghaghara</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_River_(Karnataka)" title="Kali River (Karnataka)">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaveri_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaveri River">Kaveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosi_River" title="Kosi River">Kosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_River" title="Krishna River">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luni_River" title="Luni River">Luni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanadi" title="Mahanadi">Mahanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahananda_River" title="Mahananda River">Mahananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahaweli_River" title="Mahaweli River">Mahaweli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghna_River" title="Meghna River">Meghna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmada_River" title="Narmada River">Narmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_River" title="Padma River">Padma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarasvati_River" title="Sarasvati River">Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankosh_River" title="Sankosh River">Sankosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharda_River" title="Sharda River">Sharda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Son River">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapti_River" title="Tapti River">Tapti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inland lakes, deltas, etc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Basin" title="Ganges Basin">Ganges Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Delta" title="Ganges Delta">Ganges Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River_Delta" title="Indus River Delta">Indus Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal_Lake" title="Dal Lake">Dal Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pookode_Lake" title="Pookode Lake">Pookode Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roopkund" title="Roopkund">Skeleton Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilika_Lake" title="Chilika Lake">Chilika Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powai_Lake" title="Powai Lake">Lake Powai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borith_Lake" title="Borith Lake">Borith Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saiful_Muluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Saiful Muluk">Saiful Muluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosaikunda" title="Gosaikunda">Gosaikunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_Sagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam Sagar">Nizam Sagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hills_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hills Lake">Red Hills Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malampuzha" title="Malampuzha">Malampuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_backwaters" title="Kerala backwaters">Kerala backwaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulicat_Lake" title="Pulicat Lake">Pulicat Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coastal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Kutch" title="Gulf of Kutch">Gulf of Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Khambhat" title="Gulf of Khambhat">Gulf of Khambhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mannar" title="Gulf of Mannar">Gulf of Mannar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Sea" title="Laccadive Sea">Laccadive Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palk_Bay" title="Palk Bay">Palk Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palk_Strait" title="Palk Strait">Palk Strait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Lakes of Bangladesh">Lakes of Bangladesh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_India" title="Category:Lakes of India">India</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Nepal" title="Category:Lakes of Nepal">Nepal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Lakes of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Lakes of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reservoirs_in_India" title="Category:Reservoirs in India">Reservoirs and dams in India</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Reservoirs_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Reservoirs in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Rivers of Bangladesh">Rivers of Bangladesh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Bhutan" title="Category:Rivers of Bhutan">Bhutan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_India" title="Category:Rivers of India">India</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Nepal" title="Category:Rivers of Nepal">Nepal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Rivers of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Rivers of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indus_Valley_Civilisation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indus_Valley_civilisation" title="Template:Indus Valley civilisation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indus_Valley_civilisation" title="Template talk:Indus Valley civilisation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indus_Valley_civilisation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indus Valley civilisation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indus_Valley_Civilisation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">History and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indus River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodisation_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation">Periodisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhirrana" title="Bhirrana">Bhirrana culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulli_culture" title="Kulli culture">Kulli culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amri_culture" title="Amri culture">Amri culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara_culture" title="Bara culture">Bara culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemetery_H_culture" title="Cemetery H culture">Cemetery H culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus%E2%80%93Mesopotamia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus–Mesopotamia relations">Indus–Mesopotamia relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Art and architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dancing_Girl_(prehistoric_sculpture)" title="Dancing Girl (prehistoric sculpture)"><i>Dancing Girl</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupati_seal" title="Pashupati seal">Pashupati seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest-King_(sculpture)" title="Priest-King (sculpture)"><i>Priest-king</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harappan_architecture" title="Harappan architecture">Harappan architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation">Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bath,_Mohenjo-daro" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro">Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inventions_and_discoveries_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilisation">Inventions of the Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Language and script</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harappan_language" title="Harappan language">Harappan language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_script" title="Indus script">Indus script</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Indus Valley sites in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larkana" title="Larkana">Larkana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro">Mohenjo-daro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nausharo" title="Nausharo">Nausharo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanhudaro" title="Chanhudaro">Chanhudaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganweriwal" title="Ganweriwal">Ganweriwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakhueen-jo-daro" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakhueen-jo-daro">Lakhueen-jo-daro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirak" title="Pirak">Pirak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kot_Bala" title="Kot Bala">Kot Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kot_Diji" title="Kot Diji">Kot Diji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehman_Dheri" title="Rehman Dheri">Rehman Dheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amri_(Pre-Harappa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amri (Pre-Harappa)">Amri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutkagan_Dor" title="Sutkagan Dor">Sutkagan Dor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokhta_Koh" title="Sokhta Koh">Sokhta Koh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharro_Hills" title="Tharro Hills">Tharro Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Shah_Jurio" title="Pir Shah Jurio">Pir Shah Jurio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahdino" title="Allahdino">Allahdino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balakot" title="Balakot">Balakot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganeriwala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganeriwala">Ganeriwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nindowari" title="Nindowari">Nindowari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeir-jo-daro" title="Judeir-jo-daro">Judeir-jo-daro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabarkot" title="Dabarkot">Dabarkot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Indus Valley sites in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dholavira" title="Dholavira">Dholavira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gola_Dhoro" title="Gola Dhoro">Gola Dhoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothal" title="Lothal">Lothal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagatrav" title="Bhagatrav">Bhagatrav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpur,_Gujarat" title="Rangpur, Gujarat">Rangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jognakhera" title="Jognakhera">Jognakhera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkotada" title="Surkotada">Surkotada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalibangan" title="Kalibangan">Kalibangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda,_Jammu" title="Manda, Jammu">Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamgirpur" title="Alamgirpur">Alamgirpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimabad" title="Daimabad">Daimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwan" title="Malwan">Malwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunal,_Haryana" title="Kunal, Haryana">Kunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakhigarhi" title="Rakhigarhi">Rakhigarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupnagar" title="Rupnagar">Rupnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupar">Rupar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulas" title="Hulas">Hulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanmer" title="Kanmer">Kanmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriyo_timbo" title="Oriyo timbo">Oriyo timbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dher_Majra" title="Dher Majra">Dher Majra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohari_Ragho" title="Lohari Ragho">Lohari Ragho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuntasi" title="Kuntasi">Kuntasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loteshwar" title="Loteshwar">Loteshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandi,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Mandi, Uttar Pradesh">Mandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmana" title="Farmana">Farmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganeshwar_Civilzation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganeshwar Civilzation">Ganeshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sothi_(archaeology)" title="Sothi (archaeology)">Sothi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siswal" title="Siswal">Siswal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanauli" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanauli">Sanauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghol" title="Sanghol">Sanghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabumath" title="Pabumath">Pabumath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagwada" title="Nagwada">Nagwada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babar_Kot" title="Babar Kot">Babar Kot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balu,_Haryana" class="mw-redirect" title="Balu, Haryana">Balu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara,_Punjab" title="Bara, Punjab">Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargaon_(archaeological_site)" title="Bargaon (archaeological site)">Bargaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwanpura,_Haryana" title="Bhagwanpura, Haryana">Bhagwanpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhirrana" title="Bhirrana">Bhirrana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banawali" title="Banawali">Banawali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojdi" title="Rojdi">Rojdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotla_Nihang_Khan" title="Kotla Nihang Khan">Kotla Nihang Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala-no-dhoro" title="Kerala-no-dhoro">Kerala-no-dhoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitathal" title="Mitathal">Mitathal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desalpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Desalpur">Desalpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Indus Valley sites in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mundigak" title="Mundigak">Mundigak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortugai" title="Shortugai">Shortugai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha">Meluhha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochre_Coloured_Pottery_culture" title="Ochre Coloured Pottery culture">Ochre Coloured Pottery culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Black_Polished_Ware" title="Northern Black Polished Ware">Northern Black Polished Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painted_Grey_Ware_culture" title="Painted Grey Ware culture">Painted Grey Ware culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rigveda" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rigveda" title="Template:Rigveda"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rigveda" title="Template talk:Rigveda"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rigveda" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rigveda"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rigveda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">Mandalas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_1" title="Mandala 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_2" title="Mandala 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_3" title="Mandala 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_4" title="Mandala 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_5" title="Mandala 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_6" title="Mandala 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_7" title="Mandala 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_8" title="Mandala 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_9" title="Mandala 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_10" title="Mandala 10">10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra" title="Chandra">Soma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushas" title="Ushas">Ushas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visvedevas" title="Visvedevas">Visvedevas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruts" title="Maruts">Maruts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvashtr" title="Tvashtr">Tvashtr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribhus" title="Ribhus">Ribhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushan" title="Pushan">Pushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudra" title="Rudra">Rudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitra_(Hindu_god)" title="Mitra (Hindu god)">Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryaman" title="Aryaman">Aryaman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asura" title="Asura">Asuras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vritra" title="Vritra">Vritra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susna" title="Susna">Susna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasa" title="Dasa">Dasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danu_(Asura)" class="mw-redirect" title="Danu (Asura)">Danu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danava_(Hinduism)" title="Danava (Hinduism)">Danavas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_rivers" title="Rigvedic rivers">Rivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sapta_Sindhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapta Sindhu">Sapta Sindhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadistuti_sukta" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadistuti sukta">Nadistuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarasvati_River" title="Sarasvati River">Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sindhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarayu_(Rigvedic_river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarayu (Rigvedic river)">Sarayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras%C4%81" title="Rasā">Rasā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavyavati" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavyavati">Yavyavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drishadvati_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Drishadvati river">Drishadvati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi">Rishis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saptarishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saptarishi">Saptarishi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gritsamada" title="Gritsamada">Gritsamada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamadeva" title="Vamadeva">Vamadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharadwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharadwaja">Bharadvaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha" title="Vasishtha">Vasishtha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirghatamas" title="Dirghatamas">Dirghatamas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Punjab_geography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Punjab" title="Template:Geography of Punjab"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_Punjab" title="Template talk:Geography of Punjab"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geography_of_Punjab" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geography of Punjab"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Punjab_geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> geography</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagar_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagar tract">Bagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Region" title="Bar Region">Bars</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sandal_Bar" title="Sandal Bar">Sandal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kirana_Bar" title="Kirana Bar">Kirana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Neeli_Bar" title="Neeli Bar">Neeli</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ganji_Bar" title="Ganji Bar">Ganji</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gondal_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondal Bar">Gondal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jungle_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungle Bar">Jungle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatiore" title="Bhatiore">Bhatiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiana" title="Bhattiana">Bhattiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhachh" title="Chhachh">Chhachh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholistan_Desert" title="Cholistan Desert">Cholistan Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derajat" title="Derajat">Derajat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doaba,_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Doaba, Punjab">Doaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doab#The_Punjab_Doabs" title="Doab">Doabs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indus_Sagar_Doab" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Sagar Doab">Indus Sagar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chaj_Doab" title="Chaj Doab">Chaj</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rachna_Doab" title="Rachna Doab">Rachna</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bari_Doab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bari Doab">Bari</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bist_Doab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bist Doab">Bist</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duggar_(region)" title="Duggar (region)">Duggar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaggar_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghaggar river">Ghaggar river</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indus River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachhi_(Punjab)" title="Kachhi (Punjab)">Kachhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_Chitta_Range" title="Kala Chitta Range">Kala Chitta Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirana_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirana Hills">Kirana Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majha" title="Majha">Majha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa_(Punjab)" title="Malwa (Punjab)">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margalla_Hills" title="Margalla Hills">Margalla Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puadh" title="Puadh">Puadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakesar" title="Sakesar">Sakesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Range" title="Salt Range">Salt Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivalik_Hills" title="Sivalik Hills">Sivalik Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soan_River" title="Soan River">Soan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soon_Valley" title="Soon Valley">Soon Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Mountains" title="Sulaiman Mountains">Sulaiman Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutlej River">Sutlej River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thal_Desert" title="Thal Desert">Thal Desert</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JhangRabwah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/JhangRabwah.jpg/60px-JhangRabwah.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/JhangRabwah.jpg/90px-JhangRabwah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/JhangRabwah.jpg/120px-JhangRabwah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="318" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hydrography_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hydrography_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Template:Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hydrography_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Template talk:Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrography_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hydrography_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hydrography" title="Hydrography">Hydrography</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doda_River" title="Doda River">Doda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dras_River" title="Dras River">Dras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_River" title="Poonch River">Poonch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidder_River" title="Lidder River">Lidder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markha_River_(India)" title="Markha River (India)">Markha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nala_Palkhu" title="Nala Palkhu">Nala Palkhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishanganga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kishanganga River">Kishanganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambi_Ara" title="Rambi Ara">Rambi Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingo_River" title="Shingo River">Shingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sind_River" title="Sind River">Sind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suru_River_(Indus)" title="Suru River (Indus)">Suru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawi_River" title="Tawi River">Tawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarap_River" title="Tsarap River">Tsarap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veshaw_River" title="Veshaw River">Veshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapola_River" title="Yapola River">Yapola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanskar_River" title="Zanskar River">Zanskar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dal_Lake" title="Dal Lake">Dal Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeen_Lake" title="Nigeen Lake">Nigeen Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchar_Lake" title="Anchar Lake">Anchar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsar_Lake" title="Gadsar Lake">Gadsar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangabal_Lake" title="Gangabal Lake">Gangabal Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishansar_Lake" title="Krishansar Lake">Krishansar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasbal_Lake" title="Manasbal Lake">Manasbal Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansar_Lake" title="Mansar Lake">Mansar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheshnag_Lake" title="Sheshnag Lake">Sheshnag Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulian_lake" title="Tulian lake">Tulian Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishansar_Lake" title="Vishansar Lake">Vishansar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wular_Lake" title="Wular Lake">Wular Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kausar_Nag" title="Kausar Nag">Kausar Nag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Satsar">Satsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nundkol" class="mw-redirect" title="Nundkol">Nundkol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brari_Nambal" title="Brari Nambal">Brari Nambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushal_Sar" title="Khushal Sar">Khushal Sar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Sar" title="Gil Sar">Gil Sar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanpursar" title="Khanpursar">Khanpursar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Glaciers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolahoi_Glacier" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolahoi Glacier">Kolahoi Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machoi_Glacier" title="Machoi Glacier">Machoi Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafat_Glacier" title="Shafat Glacier">Shafat Glacier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Dams, barrages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baglihar_Dam" title="Baglihar Dam">Baglihar Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakal_Dul_Dam" title="Pakal Dul Dam">Pakal Dul Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dul_Hasti_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dul Hasti Dam">Dul Hasti Dam</a></li> <li>Dumkhar Dam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishanganga_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kishanganga Dam">Kishanganga Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimoo_Bazgo_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimoo Bazgo Dam">Nimoo Bazgo Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratle_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratle Dam">Ratle Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salal_Dam" title="Salal Dam">Salal Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri_Dam" title="Uri Dam">Uri Dam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_South_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GeoSouthAsia" title="Template:GeoSouthAsia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GeoSouthAsia" title="Template talk:GeoSouthAsia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GeoSouthAsia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GeoSouthAsia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_South_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geography of <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayas" title="Eastern Himalayas">Eastern Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mountains_(Bhutan)" title="Black Mountains (Bhutan)">Black Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundwa_Range" title="Dundwa Range">Dundwa Range</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Himalayas" title="Great Himalayas">Great Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Eight-thousander</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Himalayan_Range" title="Lower Himalayan Range">Lesser Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivalik_Hills" title="Sivalik Hills">Sivalik Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Himalayas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan Himalayas">Tibetan Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayas" title="Western Himalayas">Western Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Garhwal Range">Garhwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_Himalaya" title="Kishtwar Himalaya">Kishtwar Himalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margalla_Hills" title="Margalla Hills">Margalla Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Range" title="Ladakh Range">Ladakh Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanskar_Range" title="Zanskar Range">Zanskar Range</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Mountains" title="Sulaiman Mountains">Sulaiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Kakar_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Toba Kakar Range">Toba Kakar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambanad_Hills" title="Ambanad Hills">Ambanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaimalai_Hills" title="Anaimalai Hills">Anaimalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biligiriranga_Hills" title="Biligiriranga Hills">Biligiriranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom_Hills" title="Cardamom Hills">Cardamom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_Mountains" title="Nilgiri Mountains">Nilgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satmala_Range" title="Satmala Range">Satmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selbari_Range" title="Selbari Range">Selbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palani_Hills" title="Palani Hills">Palani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peaks_in_the_Western_Ghats" title="List of peaks in the Western Ghats">Peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumoorthy_hills" title="Thirumoorthy hills">Thirumoorthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimbakeshwar_Range" title="Trimbakeshwar Range">Trimbakeshwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biligiriranga_Hills" title="Biligiriranga Hills">Bilgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhamalai" title="Bodhamalai">Bodhamalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitteri_Hills" title="Chitteri Hills">Chitteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erramala" title="Erramala">Erramala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhamardan_Hills" title="Gandhamardan Hills">Gandhamardan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhjat_Hills" title="Garhjat Hills">Garhjat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javadi_Hills" title="Javadi Hills">Javadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalrayan_Hills" title="Kalrayan Hills">Kalrayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolli_Hills" title="Kolli Hills">Kolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nallamala_Hills" title="Nallamala Hills">Nallamalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyamgiri" title="Niyamgiri">Niyamgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachaimalai_Hills" title="Pachaimalai Hills">Pachaimalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palkonda_Hills" title="Palkonda Hills">Palkonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshachalam_Hills" title="Seshachalam Hills">Seshachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simhachalam_Hill_Range" title="Simhachalam Hill Range">Simhachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servarayan_Hills" title="Servarayan Hills">Servarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirumalai_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirumalai Hills">Sirumalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velikonda_Range" title="Velikonda Range">Velikonda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aravalli_Range" title="Aravalli Range">Aravalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills" title="Garo Hills">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaintia_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaintia Hills">Jaintia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_Hills" title="Khasi Hills">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushai_Hills" title="Lushai Hills">Lushai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Hills" title="Naga Hills">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purvanchal_Range" title="Purvanchal Range">Purvanchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satpura_Range" title="Satpura Range">Satpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindhya_Range" title="Vindhya Range">Vindhya</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plateaus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chota_Nagpur_Plateau" title="Chota Nagpur Plateau">Chota Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Plateau">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa" title="Malwa">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thal_Desert" title="Thal Desert">Thal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Thar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lowlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Basin" title="Ganges Basin">Ganges Basin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges-Brahmaputra_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta">Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Plain" title="Punjab Plain">Punjab Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarbans" title="Sundarbans">Sundarbans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Basin" title="Indus Basin">Indus Basin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Delta">Indus Delta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_India" title="Coastal India">Coastal India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="East Coast of India">East Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Coast" title="Coromandel Coast">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_Plains" title="Utkal Plains">Utkal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast of India">West Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canara" class="mw-redirect" title="Canara">Canara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rann_of_Kutch" title="Rann of Kutch">Rann of Kutch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makran" title="Makran">Makran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terai" title="Terai">Terai</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water-bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Sea" title="Laccadive Sea">Laccadive Sea</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majuli" title="Majuli">Majuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamban_Island" title="Pamban Island">Pamban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atolls_of_the_Maldives" title="Atolls of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Afghanistan" title="Geography of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Geography of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bhutan" title="Geography of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Maldives" title="Geography of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nepal" title="Geography of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Geography of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Central South Asia">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_South_Asia" title="Littoral South Asia">Littoral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island South Asia">Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_South_Asia" title="Northern South Asia">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_South_Asia" title="Northwestern South Asia">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_South_Asia" title="Eastern South Asia">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_South_Asia" title="Southern South Asia">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern South Asia">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern South Asia">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rivers_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rivers_of_India" title="Template:Rivers of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rivers_of_India" title="Template talk:Rivers of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rivers_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivers of India">Rivers of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baspa_River" title="Baspa River">Baspa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati_River_(Himachal_Pradesh)" title="Parvati River (Himachal Pradesh)">Parvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiti_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiti River">Spiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marusudar_River" title="Marusudar River">Marusudar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawi_River" title="Tawi River">Tawi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lidder_River" title="Lidder River">Lidder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelum_River" title="Neelum River">Neelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_River" title="Poonch River">Poonch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sind_River" title="Sind River">Sind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyok_River" title="Shyok River">Shyok</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nubra_River" title="Nubra River">Nubra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suru_River_(Indus)" title="Suru River (Indus)">Suru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dras_River" title="Dras River">Dras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingo_River" title="Shingo River">Shingo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapola_River" title="Yapola River">Yapola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanskar_River" title="Zanskar River">Zanskar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Markha_River_(India)" title="Markha River (India)">Markha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarap_River" title="Tsarap River">Tsarap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doda_River" title="Doda River">Doda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmaputra">Brahmaputra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beki_River" title="Beki River">Beki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhogdoi_River" title="Bhogdoi River">Bhogdoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhansiri_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhansiri River">Dhansiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibang_River" title="Dibang River">Dibang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihing_River" title="Dihing River">Dihing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikhow_River" title="Dikhow River">Dikhow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kameng_River" title="Kameng River">Kameng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolong_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolong River">Kolong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopili_River" title="Kopili River">Kopili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohit_River" title="Lohit River">Lohit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manas_River" title="Manas River">Manas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid%C4%81k_River" title="Raidāk River">Raidak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankosh_River" title="Sankosh River">Sankosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subansiri_River" title="Subansiri River">Subansiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teesta_River" title="Teesta River">Teesta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaknanda_River" title="Alaknanda River">Alaknanda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandakini_River" title="Mandakini River">Mandakini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindar_River" title="Pindar River">Pindar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandakini" title="Nandakini">Nandakini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhauliganga_River" title="Dhauliganga River">Dhauliganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishiganga" title="Rishiganga">Rishiganga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrai_River" title="Atrai River">Atrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagmati_River" title="Bagmati River">Bagmati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagirathi_River" title="Bhagirathi River">Bhagirathi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhilangna_River" title="Bhilangna River">Bhilangna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahnavi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahnavi River">Jahanavi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhi_Gandak_River" title="Burhi Gandak River">Burhi Gandak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phalgu_River" title="Phalgu River">Phalgu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandaki_River" title="Gandaki River">Gandaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaghara" title="Ghaghara">Ghaghara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darma_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Darma River">Darma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gori_Ganga" title="Gori Ganga">Gori Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohni_River" title="Rohni River">Rohni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarju" title="Sarju">Sarju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharda_River" title="Sharda River">Sharda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Rapti_River" title="West Rapti River">West Rapti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomti_River" title="Gomti River">Gomti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathana" title="Kathana">Kathana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarayan_river" title="Sarayan river">Sarayan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooghly_River" title="Hooghly River">Hooghly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_River" title="Ajay River">Ajay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakar_River" title="Barakar River">Barakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churni_River" title="Churni River">Churni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damodar_River" title="Damodar River">Damodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarakeswar_River" title="Dwarakeswar River">Dwarakeswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichamati_River" title="Ichamati River">Ichamati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadh_Ganga" title="Jadh Ganga">Jadh Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalangi_River" title="Jalangi River">Jalangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurakshi_River" title="Mayurakshi River">Mayurakshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundeswari_River" title="Mundeswari River">Mundeswari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupnarayan_River" title="Rupnarayan River">Rupnarayan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosi_River" title="Kosi River">Kosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahananda_River" title="Mahananda River">Mahananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghna_River" title="Meghna River">Meghna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barak_River" title="Barak River">Barak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakatia_River" title="Dakatia River">Dakatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhalai_River" title="Dhalai River">Dhalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feni_River" title="Feni River">Feni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumti_River_(Tripura)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumti River (Tripura)">Gumti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushiyara_River" title="Kushiyara River">Kushiyara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manu_River_(Tripura)" title="Manu River (Tripura)">Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Someshwari_River" title="Someshwari River">Someshwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titas_River" title="Titas River">Titas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuivai_River" title="Tuivai River">Tuivai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_River" title="Padma River">Padma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punarbhaba_River" title="Punarbhaba River">Punarbhaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramganga" title="Ramganga">Ramganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sone_River" title="Sone River">Sone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanat_River" title="Amanat River">Amanat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banas_River" title="Banas River">Banas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johilla_River" title="Johilla River">Johilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopad_River" title="Gopad River">Gopad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanhar_River" title="Kanhar River">Kanhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Koel_River" title="North Koel River">North Koel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihand_River" title="Rihand River">Rihand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahar_River" title="Ahar River">Ahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banas_River" title="Banas River">Banas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandi_River" title="Bandi River">Bandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berach_River" title="Berach River">Berach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betwa_River" title="Betwa River">Betwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambal_River" title="Chambal River">Chambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhasan_River" title="Dhasan River">Dhasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambhir_River_(Rajasthan)" title="Gambhir River (Rajasthan)">Gambhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halali_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Halali River">Halali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindon_River" title="Hindon River">Hindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Sindh_River" title="Kali Sindh River">Kali Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_River" title="Ken River">Ken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuno_River" title="Kuno River">Kuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwari_River" title="Kwari River">Kwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morel_River" title="Morel River">Morel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parbati_River_(Madhya_Pradesh)" title="Parbati River (Madhya Pradesh)">Parbati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parbati_River_(Rajasthan)" title="Parbati River (Rajasthan)">Parbati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahuj_River" title="Pahuj River">Pahuj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipra_River" title="Shipra River">Shipra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindh_River" title="Sindh River">Sindh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godavari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darna_River" title="Darna River">Darna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indravati_River" title="Indravati River">Indravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinnerasani_River" title="Kinnerasani River">Kinnerasani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjira_River" title="Manjira River">Manjira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maner_River" title="Maner River">Maner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranhita_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Pranhita River">Pranhita</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanhan_River" title="Kanhan River">Kanhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolar_River_(Maharashtra)" title="Kolar River (Maharashtra)">Kolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulbehra_River" title="Kulbehra River">Kulbehra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nag_River" title="Nag River">Nag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painganga_River" title="Painganga River">Painganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pench_River" title="Pench River">Pench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wainganga_River" title="Wainganga River">Wainganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardha_River" title="Wardha River">Wardha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravara_River" title="Pravara River">Pravara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_River_(tributary_of_Godavari)" title="Purna River (tributary of Godavari)">Purna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabari_River" title="Sabari River">Sabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindphana_River" title="Sindphana River">Sindphana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliperu_River" title="Taliperu River">Taliperu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Krishna_River" title="Krishna River">Krishna</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrani_River" title="Agrani River">Agrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhima_River" title="Bhima River">Bhima</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bori_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Bori River">Bori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghod_River" title="Ghod River">Ghod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrayani_River" title="Indrayani River">Indrayani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamini_River" title="Kamini River">Kamini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundalika_River" title="Kundalika River">Kundali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mula_River_(India)" title="Mula River (India)">Mula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mula-Mutha_River" title="Mula-Mutha River">Mula-Mutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutha_River" title="Mutha River">Mutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nira_River" title="Nira River">Nira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavana_River" title="Pavana River">Pavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sina_River" title="Sina River">Sina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghataprabha_River" title="Ghataprabha River">Ghataprabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyna_River" title="Koyna River">Koyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaprabha_River" title="Malaprabha River">Malaprabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musi_River_(India)" title="Musi River (India)">Musi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venna_River" title="Venna River">Venna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warana_River" title="Warana River">Warana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchganga_River" title="Panchganga River">Panchganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungabhadra_River" title="Tungabhadra River">Tungabhadra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunga_River" title="Tunga River">Tunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadra_River" title="Bhadra River">Bhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedavathi_River" title="Vedavathi River">Vedavathi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varada" title="Varada">Varada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedganga_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedganga river">Vedganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venna_River" title="Venna River">Venna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerla_River" title="Yerla River">Yerla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Narmada_River" title="Narmada River">Narmada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barna_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Barna River">Barna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choral_River" title="Choral River">Choral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudhi_River" title="Dudhi River">Dudhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaveri_River_(Madhya_Pradesh)" title="Kaveri River (Madhya Pradesh)">Kaveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolar_River_(Madhya_Pradesh)" title="Kolar River (Madhya Pradesh)">Kolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsang" title="Orsang">Orsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakkar_River" title="Shakkar River">Shakkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_River" title="Sher River">Sher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawa_River" title="Tawa River">Tawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mahanadi" title="Mahanadi">Mahanadi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhargavi_River" title="Bhargavi River">Bhargavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danta_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Danta River">Danta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devi_River" title="Devi River">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasdeo_River" title="Hasdeo River">Hasdeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ib_River" title="Ib River">Ib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonk_River" title="Jonk River">Jonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathajodi_River" title="Kathajodi River">Kathajodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuakhai_River" title="Kuakhai River">Kuakhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushabhadra_River" title="Kushabhadra River">Kushabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mand_River" title="Mand River">Mand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ong_River" title="Ong River">Ong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pairi_River" title="Pairi River">Pairi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seonath_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Seonath River">Seonath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivnath_River" title="Shivnath River">Shivnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sondur_River" title="Sondur River">Sondur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surubalijora" title="Surubalijora">Surubalijora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_River" title="Tel River">Tel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telen_River" title="Telen River">Telen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kaveri" title="Kaveri">Kaveri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati_River" title="Amaravati River">Amaravati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodavanar_River" title="Kodavanar River">Kodavanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanganjiyar_River" title="Nanganjiyar River">Nanganjiyar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkavathi_River" title="Arkavathi River">Arkavathi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vrishabhavathi_River" title="Vrishabhavathi River">Vrishabhavathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumudvathi_River" title="Kumudvathi River">Kumudvathi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavani_River" title="Bhavani River">Bhavani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siruvani_River" title="Siruvani River">Siruvani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyar_River" title="Moyar River">Moyar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemavati_River" title="Hemavati River">Hemavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabini_River" title="Kabini River">Kabini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollidam_River" title="Kollidam River">Kollidam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmana_Tirtha" title="Lakshmana Tirtha">Lakshmana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyyal_River" title="Noyyal River">Noyyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarabanga_River" title="Sarabanga River">Sarabanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tapti_River" title="Tapti River">Tapti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunavati_River" title="Arunavati River">Arunavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girna_River" title="Girna River">Girna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomai_River" title="Gomai River">Gomai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzara_River" title="Panzara River">Panzara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_River_(tributary_of_Tapti)" title="Purna River (tributary of Tapti)">Purna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morna_River" title="Morna River">Morna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaan_River" title="Vaan River">Vaan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Penna_River" title="Penna River">Penna</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheyyeru_River" title="Cheyyeru River">Cheyyeru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitravathi_River" title="Chitravathi River">Chitravathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundu_River" title="Kundu River">Kunderu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papagni_River" title="Papagni River">Papagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagileru" title="Sagileru">Sagileru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adyar_River" title="Adyar River">Adyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghanashini_River" title="Aghanashini River">Aghanashini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baitarani_River" title="Baitarani River">Baitarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathappuzha" title="Bharathappuzha">Bharathappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmani_River" title="Brahmani River">Brahmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaliyar" title="Chaliyar">Chaliyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandragiri_River" title="Chandragiri River">Chandragiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooum_River" title="Cooum River">Cooum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahisar_River" title="Dahisar River">Dahisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daya_River" title="Daya River">Daya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangavalli_River" title="Gangavalli River">Gangavalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaggar-Hakra_River" title="Ghaggar-Hakra River">Ghaggar-Hakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_River_(Karnataka)" title="Kali River (Karnataka)">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangsabati_River" title="Kangsabati River">Kangsabati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Karo_River" title="North Karo River">North Karo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankh_River" title="Sankh River">Sankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Karo_River" title="South Karo River">South Karo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Koel_River" title="South Koel River">South Koel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koina_River" title="Koina River">Koina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaradhara_River" title="Kumaradhara River">Kumaradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundalika_River" title="Kundalika River">Kundalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luni_River" title="Luni River">Luni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahi_River" title="Mahi River">Mahi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gomati_River_(Rajasthan)" title="Gomati River (Rajasthan)">Gomati, Rajasthan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithi_River" title="Mithi River">Mithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netravati_River" title="Netravati River">Netravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshiwara_River" title="Oshiwara River">Oshiwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palar_River" title="Palar River">Palar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamba_River" title="Pamba River">Pamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patalganga_River" title="Patalganga River">Patalganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyar_River" title="Periyar River">Periyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnaiyar_River" title="Ponnaiyar River">Ponnaiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_River" title="Sabarmati River">Sabarmati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sei_River" title="Sei River">Sei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakal_River" title="Wakal River">Wakal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_River" title="Savitri River">Savitri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharavati" title="Sharavati">Sharavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shastri_River" title="Shastri River">Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarnarekha_River" title="Subarnarekha River">Subarnarekha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kharkai_River" title="Kharkai River">Kharkai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_River_(India)" title="Surya River (India)">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarnamukhi" title="Swarnamukhi">Swarnamukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swetha_River" title="Swetha River">Swetha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansa_River" title="Tansa River">Tansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terna_River" title="Terna River">Terna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamirabarani_River" title="Thamirabarani River">Thamirabarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulhas_River" title="Ulhas River">Ulhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaigai_River" title="Vaigai River">Vaigai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaippar_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaippar river">Vaippar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaitarna" title="Vaitarna">Vaitarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vashishti_River" title="Vashishti River">Vashishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasishta_Nadi" title="Vasishta Nadi">Vasishta Nadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellar_River_(Northern_Tamil_Nadu)" title="Vellar River (Northern Tamil Nadu)">Vellar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_India_by_discharge" title="List of rivers of India by discharge">List of rivers of India by discharge</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Major_rivers_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rivers_of_China" title="Template:Rivers of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rivers_of_China" title="Template talk:Rivers of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Major_rivers_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_China" title="List of rivers of China">Major rivers of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulan_Moron" title="Ulan Moron">Tuotuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangqu" title="Dangqu">Dangqu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chumar_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chumar River (page does not exist)">Chumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongtian_River" title="Tongtian River">Tongtian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinsha_River" title="Jinsha River">Jinsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalong_River" title="Yalong River">Yalong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishui_River" title="Baishui River">Baishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_River_(Sichuan)" title="Min River (Sichuan)">Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_River" title="Dadu River">Dadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyi_River_(Sichuan)" title="Qingyi River (Sichuan)">Qingyi (Sichuan)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuo_River" title="Tuo River">Tuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_River_(tributary_of_Yangtze_River)" title="Qi River (tributary of Yangtze River)">Qi (Chongqing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jialing_River" title="Jialing River">Jialing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailong_River" title="Bailong River">Bailong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_River_(Sichuan)" title="Fu River (Sichuan)">Fu (Sichuan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu_River_(Jialing_River_tributary)" title="Qu River (Jialing River tributary)">Qu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_River_(Yangtze_tributary)" title="Wu River (Yangtze tributary)">Wu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingshuihe_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingshuihe River">Qingshui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_River_(Shaanxi_and_Hubei)" class="mw-redirect" title="Han River (Shaanxi and Hubei)">Hanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muma_River" title="Muma River">Muma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_River_(Hanshui)" title="Chi River (Hanshui)">Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_River" title="Du River">Du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bao_River" title="Bao River">Bao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_River" title="Qing River">Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishui_River" title="Chishui River">Chishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_River" title="Xiang River">Xiang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_River" title="Xiao River">Xiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_River" title="Lei River">Lei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_River" title="Qi River">Qi (Hunan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi_River" title="Mi River">Mi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zi_River" title="Zi River">Zi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_River" title="Yuan River">Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui_River" title="Lishui River">Lishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_River" title="Miluo River">Miluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_River" title="Gan River">Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_River_(Jiangxi)" title="Fu River (Jiangxi)">Fu (Jiangxi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin_River" title="Xin River">Xin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyi_River_(Anhui)" title="Qingyi River (Anhui)">Qingyi (Anhui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuai_River" title="Qinhuai River">Qinhuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xitiao_River" title="Xitiao River">Xitiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_River" title="Huangpu River">Huangpu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Creek" title="Suzhou Creek">Suzhou Creek</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow</a> system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kariqu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kariqu (page does not exist)">Kariqu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuegu_Zonglie_Qu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuegu Zonglie Qu (page does not exist)">Yuegu Zonglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxia_River" title="Daxia River">Daxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_River" title="Tao River">Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshui_River" title="Huangshui River">Huangshui</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Datong_River" title="Datong River">Datong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuding_River" title="Wuding River">Wuding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fen_River" title="Fen River">Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_River" title="Wei River">Wei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jing_River" title="Jing River">Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_River_(Shaanxi)" title="Luo River (Shaanxi)"> Luo (Shaanxi)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_River_(Henan)" title="Luo River (Henan)">Luo (Henan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_River_(Shanxi)" title="Qin River (Shanxi)">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muwen_River" title="Muwen River">Muwen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawen_River" title="Dawen River">Dawen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl River (China)">Pearl</a> system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bei_River" title="Bei River">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_River_(China)" title="Dong River (China)">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_River" title="Xi River">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yujiang_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yujiang River">Yujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong_River_(Guangxi)" title="Yong River (Guangxi)">Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_River" title="Xun River">Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_River" title="Qian River">Qian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongshui_River" title="Hongshui River">Hongshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanpan_River" title="Nanpan River">Nanpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipan_River" title="Beipan River">Beipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rong_River_(Guangxi)" title="Rong River (Guangxi)">Rong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_River_(Guangxi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li River (Guangxi)">Li (Guangxi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gui_River" title="Gui River">Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_River" title="Liu River">Liu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amur" title="Amur">Heilongjiang</a> system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Songhua_River" title="Songhua River">Songhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Songhua_River" title="Second Songhua River">2nd Songhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nen_River" title="Nen River">Nen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudan_River" title="Mudan River">Mudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ussuri" title="Ussuri">Ussuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argun_(Amur)" title="Argun (Amur)">Argun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherlen_River" title="Kherlen River">Kherlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woken_River" title="Woken River">Woken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huifa_River" title="Huifa River">Huifa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai</a> system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guo_River" title="Guo River">Guo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying_River" title="Ying River">Ying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiguan_River" title="Shiguan River">Shiguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quan_River" title="Quan River">Quan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_River" title="Hui River">Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_River_(Huai_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong River (Huai River)">Hong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hai_River" title="Hai River">Hai</a> system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaobai_River" title="Chaobai River">Chaobai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongding_River" title="Yongding River">Yongding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutuo_River" title="Hutuo River">Hutuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziya_River" title="Ziya River">Ziya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daqing_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daqing River (page does not exist)">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenyu_River" title="Wenyu River">Wenyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juma_River_(China)" title="Juma River (China)">Juma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanggan_River" title="Sanggan River">Sanggan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuyang_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuyang River (page does not exist)">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_River_(Shandong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wei River (Shandong)">Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju_River" title="Ju River">Ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Canal_River" title="Ji Canal River">Jiyunhe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liao_River" title="Liao River">Liao</a> system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hun_River_(Liao_River_tributary)" title="Hun River (Liao River tributary)">Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizi_River" title="Taizi River">Taizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar_Moron_River" title="Xar Moron River">Xar Moron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinkai_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinkai River (page does not exist)">Xinkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiliao_River" title="Xiliao River">Western Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dongliao_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dongliao River (page does not exist)">Eastern Liao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other major rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarim_River" title="Tarim River">Tarim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejin_River" title="Ejin River">Ejin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karatash_River" title="Karatash River">Karatash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_River" title="Ili River">Ili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shule_River" title="Shule River">Shule</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dang_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dang River (page does not exist)">Dang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen_River" title="Tumen River">Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalu_River" title="Yalu River">Yalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luan_River" title="Luan River">Luan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_(Asia)" title="Red River (Asia)">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_River_(Fujian)" title="Min River (Fujian)">Minjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_River_(Fujian)" title="Long River (Fujian)">Longjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong" title="Mekong">Lancang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beilun_River" title="Beilun River">Beilun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salween_River" title="Salween River">Nujiang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lion Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Elephant Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_Tsangpo" title="Yarlung Tsangpo">Yarlung Tsangpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyang_River" title="Nyang River">Nyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subansiri_River" title="Subansiri River">Subansiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irtysh" title="Irtysh">Irtysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razdolnaya_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Razdolnaya River">Suifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiantang_River" title="Qiantang River">Qiantang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang_River" title="Puyang River">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiao_River_(Shandong)" title="Jiao River (Shandong)">Jiao (Shandong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_River_(Hebei)" title="Dai River (Hebei)">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si_River" title="Si River">Si</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_River" title="Shu River">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao%27e_River" title="Cao'e River">Cao'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiao_River_(Zhejiang)" title="Jiao River (Zhejiang)">Jiao (Zhejiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ou_River_(Zhejiang)" title="Ou River (Zhejiang)">Ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulan_River" title="Mulan River">Mulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_River_(Fujian)" title="Jin River (Fujian)">Jin (Fujian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_River_(Guangdong)" title="Han River (Guangdong)">Han (Guangdong)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mei_River" title="Mei River">Mei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ting_River" title="Ting River">Ting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandu_River" title="Nandu River">Nandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanquan_River" title="Wanquan River">Wanquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taping_River" title="Taping River">Taping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoqing_River" title="Xiaoqing River">Xiaoqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_canals_in_China" title="History of canals in China">Major canals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingqu" title="Lingqu">Lingqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Jiangsu_Main_Irrigation_Canal" title="North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal">North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zhejiang_Canal" title="Eastern Zhejiang Canal">Eastern Zhejiang Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Flag_Canal" title="Red Flag Canal">Red Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengguo_Canal" title="Zhengguo Canal">Zhengguo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_rivers_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_rivers_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Asia" title="List of rivers of Asia">List of rivers of Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Afghanistan" title="List of rivers of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Armenia" title="List of rivers of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Azerbaijan" title="List of rivers of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Bangladesh" title="List of rivers of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Bhutan" title="List of rivers of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Brunei" title="List of rivers of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Cambodia" title="List of rivers of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_China" title="List of rivers of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Cyprus" title="List of rivers of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_East_Timor" title="List of rivers of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Egypt" title="List of rivers of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of rivers of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_India" title="List of rivers of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Indonesia" title="List of rivers of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Iran" title="List of rivers of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Iraq" title="List of rivers of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Israel" title="List of rivers of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Japan" title="List of rivers of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Jordan" title="List of rivers of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Kazakhstan" title="List of rivers of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="List of rivers of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Laos" title="List of rivers of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Lebanon" title="List of rivers of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Malaysia" title="List of rivers of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Mongolia" title="List of rivers of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Myanmar" title="List of rivers of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Nepal" title="List of rivers of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Pakistan" title="List of rivers of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Philippines" title="List of rivers of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Russia" title="List of rivers of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Singapore" title="List of rivers of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Sri_Lanka" title="List of rivers of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Syria" title="List of rivers of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Thailand" title="List of rivers of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Turkey" title="List of rivers of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Turkmenistan" title="List of rivers of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Uzbekistan" title="List of rivers of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Vietnam" title="List of rivers of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_rivers_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of rivers of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_South_Ossetia" title="List of rivers of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Taiwan" title="List of rivers of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_rivers_of_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of rivers of Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/237269647">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4095957-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628235">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Indus (řeka)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0117801&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/59851">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10038808">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&oldid=1259844803">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indus_River&oldid=1259844803</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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