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<span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cellars_in_Ticino" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cellars_in_Ticino"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cellars in Ticino</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cellars_in_Ticino-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Garden_grottoes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garden_grottoes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Garden grottoes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garden_grottoes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_grottoes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_grottoes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religious grottoes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_grottoes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grotto</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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title="Islonk – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Islonk" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotta" title="Grotta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Grotta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groto" title="Groto – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Groto" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotte" title="Grotte – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grotte" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotte" title="Grotte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grotte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grott" title="Grott – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Grott" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruta" title="Gruta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gruta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groto" title="Groto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Groto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotte_ornementale" title="Grotte ornementale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grotte ornementale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EA%B5%B4" title="석굴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="석굴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B5%D6%80" title="Այր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Այր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groto" title="Groto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Groto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotto" title="Grotto – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Grotto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotta_artificiale" title="Grotta artificiale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grotta artificiale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="გროტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გროტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Грот – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Грот" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grota" title="Grota – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Grota" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B" title="ഗ്രോട്ടോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രോട്ടോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="グロット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グロット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grota" title="Grota – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grota" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Грот – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грот" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sdirrubbu" title="Sdirrubbu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sdirrubbu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groto" title="Groto – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Groto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotto" title="Grotto – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Grotto" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%94%D1%84)" title="Грот (рельєф) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грот (рельєф)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B4%9E" title="石洞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石洞" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Natural or artificial cave associated with use by humans</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Grotto_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Grotto (disambiguation)">Grotto (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Grotte_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Grotte (disambiguation)">Grotte</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eternal_flame_falls_7252.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Eternal_flame_falls_7252.jpg/220px-Eternal_flame_falls_7252.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Eternal_flame_falls_7252.jpg/330px-Eternal_flame_falls_7252.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Eternal_flame_falls_7252.jpg/440px-Eternal_flame_falls_7252.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Flame_Falls" title="Eternal Flame Falls">Eternal Flame Falls</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> has an <a href="/wiki/Eternal_flame#Naturally_fueled_flames" title="Eternal flame">eternal flame</a> inside a small grotto behind the falls</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grutas_de_Garc%C3%ADa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Grutas_de_Garc%C3%ADa.jpg/220px-Grutas_de_Garc%C3%ADa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Grutas_de_Garc%C3%ADa.jpg/330px-Grutas_de_Garc%C3%ADa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Grutas_de_Garc%C3%ADa.jpg/440px-Grutas_de_Garc%C3%ADa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grutas_de_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Grutas de García">Grutas de García</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n" title="Nuevo León">Nuevo León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>grotto</b> (<b>grot</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a natural or artificial <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">cave</a> used by humans in both modern times and antiquity, and historically or prehistorically. Naturally occurring grottoes are often small caves near water that are usually flooded or often flooded at <a href="/wiki/High_tide" class="mw-redirect" title="High tide">high tide</a>. Sometimes, artificial grottoes are used as <a href="/wiki/Garden_feature" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden feature">garden features</a>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Grotto_(Capri)" title="Blue Grotto (Capri)">Grotta Azzurra</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Capri" title="Capri">Capri</a> and the grotto at <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>' <a href="/wiki/Villa_Jovis" title="Villa Jovis">Villa Jovis</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Naples">Bay of Naples</a> are examples of popular natural seashore grottoes. </p><p>Whether in tidal water or high up in hills, grottoes are generally made up of <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a>, where the acidity of standing water has <a href="/wiki/Solvation" title="Solvation">dissolved</a> the <a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonates</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rock_matrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock matrix">rock matrix</a> as it passes through what were originally small fissures.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grotto" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:grotto">grotto</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grotto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>grotto</i> comes from <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <i>grotta</i>, <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> <i>grupta</i>, and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>crypta</i> ("a <a href="/wiki/Crypt" title="Crypt">crypt</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also related by a historical accident to the word <i>grotesque</i>. In the late 15th century, Romans accidentally unearthed <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Domus_Aurea" title="Domus Aurea">Domus Aurea</a></i> on the <a href="/wiki/Palatine_Hill" title="Palatine Hill">Palatine Hill</a>, a series of rooms, decorated with designs of garlands, slender architectural framework, foliage, and animals. The rooms had sunk underground over time. The Romans who discovered this historical monument found it very strange, partly because it was uncovered from an "underworld" source. This led the Romans of that era to give it the name <i>grottesca</i>, from which came the French <i><a href="/wiki/Grotesque" title="Grotesque">grotesque</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grotto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_1.jpg/220px-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_1.jpg/330px-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_1.jpg/440px-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5343" data-file-height="3562" /></a><figcaption>Two vaulted grottoes called <a href="/wiki/Taq-e_Bostan" title="Taq-e Bostan">Taq-e Bostan</a>, located in Iran, <a href="/wiki/Sassanian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanian Empire">Sassanian</a> era</figcaption></figure> <p>Grottoes were very popular in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> culture. Spring-fed grottoes were a feature of Apollo's oracles at <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarus">Clarus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a> was designed with rock-cut artificial grottoes incorporated into the city, made to look natural.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the great Roman sanctuary of <a href="/wiki/Palestrina" title="Palestrina">Praeneste</a> south of Rome, the oldest portion of the primitive sanctuary was situated on the second lowest terrace, in a grotto in the natural rock where a spring developed into a well. According to tradition, Praeneste's sacred spring had a native <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymph</a>, who was honored in a grotto-like watery <a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum" title="Nymphaeum">nymphaeum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cellars_in_Ticino">Cellars in Ticino</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grotto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cellars in Ticino"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cevio_Grotti,_Maggiatal_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cevio_Grotti%2C_Maggiatal_1.JPG/220px-Cevio_Grotti%2C_Maggiatal_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cevio_Grotti%2C_Maggiatal_1.JPG/330px-Cevio_Grotti%2C_Maggiatal_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cevio_Grotti%2C_Maggiatal_1.JPG/440px-Cevio_Grotti%2C_Maggiatal_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6861" data-file-height="4240" /></a><figcaption>Grotto in <a href="/wiki/Cevio" title="Cevio">Cevio</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>, the Italian-speaking part of Switzerland, grottoes were places where wine and food were stored and preserved. They were built by exploiting the morphology of rocks and boulders, to create rooms with a cool climate suitable for food, particularly milk and cheese, as well as potatoes, sausages, and wine storage.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The importance of these cellars is demonstrated in their number; for example, there are 40 grotti in <a href="/wiki/Maggia_(municipality)" title="Maggia (municipality)">Maggia</a>, no fewer in <a href="/wiki/Moghegno" title="Moghegno">Moghegno</a>, and about 70 in <a href="/wiki/Cevio" title="Cevio">Cevio</a> behind Case Franzoni. Some grotti have been opened to the public, as in <a href="/wiki/Avegno,_Switzerland" title="Avegno, Switzerland">Avegno</a>, but most have lost their original character as they became rustic restaurants which serve basic local food and drink. A true grotto is dug out under a rock or between two boulders, where subterranean air currents keep the room cool. Often a grotto had a second floor with another one or two rooms for the fermentation cask and tools of the vintage. In front of the grotto were a table and benches of stone, where the farmers could rest and refresh themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-schweiz_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schweiz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18">: 18 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Garden_grottoes">Garden grottoes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grotto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Garden grottoes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shell_grotto" title="Shell grotto">Shell grotto</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Villa_torrigiani_di_lucca,_scalinata.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Villa_torrigiani_di_lucca%2C_scalinata.JPG/220px-Villa_torrigiani_di_lucca%2C_scalinata.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Villa_torrigiani_di_lucca%2C_scalinata.JPG/330px-Villa_torrigiani_di_lucca%2C_scalinata.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Villa_torrigiani_di_lucca%2C_scalinata.JPG/440px-Villa_torrigiani_di_lucca%2C_scalinata.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Grotto entrance, <a href="/wiki/Villa_Torrigiani" title="Villa Torrigiani">Villa Torrigiani</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The popularity of artificial grottoes introduced the <a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerist style</a> to Italian and French gardens of the mid-16th century. Two famous grottoes in the <a href="/wiki/Boboli_Gardens" title="Boboli Gardens">Boboli Gardens</a> of <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pitti" title="Palazzo Pitti">Palazzo Pitti</a> were begun by <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Vasari</a> and completed by <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Ammanati" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartolomeo Ammanati">Ammanati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Buontalenti" title="Bernardo Buontalenti">Buontalenti</a> between 1583 and 1593. One of these grottoes originally housed the <i>Prisoners</i> of <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>. Before the Boboli grotto, a garden was laid out by <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Tribolo" title="Niccolò Tribolo">Niccolò Tribolo</a> at the Medici <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Tribolo" title="Niccolò Tribolo">Villa Castello</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>. At <a href="/wiki/Villa_di_Pratolino" title="Villa di Pratolino">Pratolino</a>, in spite of the dryness of the site, there was a Grotto of Cupid (surviving), with water tricks for the unsuspecting visitor.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fonte_di_Fata_Morgana" class="mw-redirect" title="Fonte di Fata Morgana">Fonte di Fata Morgana</a> ("Fata Morgana's Spring") at Grassina, not far from Florence, is a small garden building, built in 1573–74 as a garden feature in the extensive grounds of the Villa "Riposo" (rest) of Bernardo Vecchietti. It is decorated with sculptures in the <a href="/wiki/Giambologna" title="Giambologna">Giambolognan</a> manner. </p><p>The outsides of garden grottoes are often designed to look like an enormous rock, a rustic porch, or a rocky overhang. Inside, they are decorated as a temple or with fountains, <a href="/wiki/Stalactites" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalactites">stalactites</a>, and imitation gems and shells (sometimes made in ceramic); herms and mermaids, mythological subjects suited to the space; and <a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">naiads</a>, or river gods whose urns spilled water into pools. Damp grottoes were cool places to retreat from the Italian sun, but they also became fashionable in the cool drizzle of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Kuskovo" title="Kuskovo">Kuskovo</a> Estate, there is the Grotto Pavilion, built between 1755 and 1761. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Villa_torrigiani_di_lucca,_statua_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Villa_torrigiani_di_lucca%2C_statua_04.JPG/170px-Villa_torrigiani_di_lucca%2C_statua_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Villa_torrigiani_di_lucca%2C_statua_04.JPG/255px-Villa_torrigiani_di_lucca%2C_statua_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Villa_torrigiani_di_lucca%2C_statua_04.JPG/340px-Villa_torrigiani_di_lucca%2C_statua_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Sculpture in a grotto setting, <a href="/wiki/Villa_Torrigiani" title="Villa Torrigiani">Villa Torrigiani</a>, Lucca</figcaption></figure> <p>Grottoes could also serve as baths; an example of this is at the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_del_Te" title="Palazzo del Te">Palazzo del Te</a>, in the 'Casino della Grotta', where a small suite of intimate rooms is laid out around a grotto and <i>loggetta</i> (covered balcony). Courtiers once bathed in the small cascade that splashed over the pebbles and shells encrusted in the floor and walls. </p><p>Grottoes have also served as <a href="/wiki/Chapel" title="Chapel">chapels</a>, or at <a href="/wiki/Villa_Farnese" title="Villa Farnese">Villa Farnese</a> at Caprarola, a little theater designed in the grotto manner. They were often combined with cascading fountains in Renaissance gardens. </p><p>The grotto designed by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Palissy" title="Bernard Palissy">Bernard Palissy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a>'s château in <a href="/wiki/Paris,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris, France">Paris</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuileries">Tuileries</a>, was renowned. There are also grottoes in the gardens designed by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Le_N%C3%B4tre" title="André Le Nôtre">André Le Nôtre</a> for <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a>. In England, an early garden grotto was built at <a href="/wiki/Wilton_House" title="Wilton House">Wilton House</a> in the 1630s, probably by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_de_Caus" title="Isaac de Caus">Isaac de Caus</a>. </p><p>Grottoes were suitable for less formal gardens too. <a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Grotto" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope's Grotto">Pope's Grotto</a>, created by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a>, is almost all that survives of one of the first <a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">landscape gardens</a> in England, at <a href="/wiki/Twickenham" title="Twickenham">Twickenham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pope was inspired after seeing grottoes in Italy during a visit there. Efforts are underway to restore his grotto.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are grottoes in the landscape gardens of <a href="/wiki/Painshill_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Painshill Park">Painshill Park</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stowe_Landscape_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Stowe Landscape Garden">Stowe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clandon_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Clandon Park">Clandon Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stourhead" title="Stourhead">Stourhead</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Scott%27s_Grotto" title="Scott's Grotto">Scott's Grotto</a> is a series of interconnected chambers, extending 67 ft (20 metres) into the chalk hillside on the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Ware,_Hertfordshire" title="Ware, Hertfordshire">Ware, Hertfordshire</a>. Built during the late 18th century, the chambers and tunnels are lined with shells, flints, and pieces of colored glass.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romantic generation of tourists might not actually visit <a href="/wiki/Fingal%27s_Cave" title="Fingal's Cave">Fingal's Cave</a>, on the remote isle of <a href="/wiki/Staffa" title="Staffa">Staffa</a> in the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a>, but they have often heard of it, perhaps through <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Hebrides_Overture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrides Overture">Hebrides Overture</a>", better known as "<a href="/wiki/Hebrides_Overture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrides Overture">Fingal's Cave</a>", which was inspired by his visit. In the 19th century, when miniature <a href="/wiki/Matterhorn" title="Matterhorn">Matterhorns</a> and rock gardens became fashionable, a grotto was often found, such as at <a href="/wiki/Ascott_House" title="Ascott House">Ascott House</a>. In Bavaria, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_II_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig II of Bavaria">Ludwig</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Linderhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Linderhof">Linderhof</a> contains an abstraction of the grotto under Venusberg, which is figured in <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Tannh%C3%A4user_(opera)" title="Tannhäuser (opera)">Tannhäuser</a></i>. </p><p>Although grottoes have largely fallen from fashion since the British <a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a> movement, architects and artists occasionally try to redefine the grotto in contemporary design works. Such examples include <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Kiesler" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Kiesler">Frederick Kiesler</a>'s <i>Grotto of Meditation for New Harmony</i> (1964),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ARM'st post-modern <i>Storey Hall</i> (1995), Aranda/Lasch's <i>Grotto Concept,</i> (2005), <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Saunt_David_Hills_Architects" title="Deborah Saunt David Hills Architects">DSDHA</a>'s <i>Potters Field Park Pavilions</i> (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>,</i> Callum Moreton's <i>Grotto</i> pavilion (2010), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonino_Cardillo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonino Cardillo (page does not exist)">Antonino Cardillo</a>'s <i>Grottoes</i> series (2013–2023).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_grottoes">Religious grottoes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grotto&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religious grottoes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marian_grotto_with_a_lily_pond_in_San_Thome_Basilica,_Chennai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Marian_grotto_with_a_lily_pond_in_San_Thome_Basilica%2C_Chennai.jpg/220px-Marian_grotto_with_a_lily_pond_in_San_Thome_Basilica%2C_Chennai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Marian_grotto_with_a_lily_pond_in_San_Thome_Basilica%2C_Chennai.jpg/330px-Marian_grotto_with_a_lily_pond_in_San_Thome_Basilica%2C_Chennai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Marian_grotto_with_a_lily_pond_in_San_Thome_Basilica%2C_Chennai.jpg/440px-Marian_grotto_with_a_lily_pond_in_San_Thome_Basilica%2C_Chennai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Marian grotto with a lily pond in <a href="/wiki/San_Thome_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="San Thome Basilica">San Thome Basilica, Chennai</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gua_Maria_Gereja_Santa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gua_Maria_Gereja_Santa.jpg/220px-Gua_Maria_Gereja_Santa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gua_Maria_Gereja_Santa.jpg/330px-Gua_Maria_Gereja_Santa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gua_Maria_Gereja_Santa.jpg/440px-Gua_Maria_Gereja_Santa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a><figcaption>Modern Marian grotto at a church in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Today, artificial grottoes are purchased and built for ornamental and devotional purposes. They are often used as <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrines</a> in which to place statues of saints, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Virgin Mary</a>, in outdoor gardens. </p><p>Many <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholics</a> visit a grotto where <a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a> saw apparitions of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Our Lady of Lourdes">Our Lady of Lourdes</a>. Numerous garden shrines are modeled after these apparitions. They can commonly be found displayed in gardens and <a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">churches</a>, among other places (see <a href="/wiki/Lourdes_grotto" title="Lourdes grotto">Lourdes grotto</a>). </p><p>The largest grotto is believed to be the <a href="/wiki/Grotto_of_the_Redemption" title="Grotto of the Redemption">Grotto of the Redemption</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Bend,_Iowa" title="West Bend, Iowa">West Bend, Iowa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grotto&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grotto_in_an_iceberg,_Herbert_George_Ponting,_original.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grotto in an iceberg with the Terra Nova ship in the background (1911) during the 'British Antarctic Expedition' by Herbert G. Ponting"><img alt="Grotto in an iceberg with the Terra Nova ship in the background (1911) during the 'British Antarctic Expedition' by Herbert G. Ponting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Grotto_in_an_iceberg%2C_Herbert_George_Ponting%2C_original.jpg/84px-Grotto_in_an_iceberg%2C_Herbert_George_Ponting%2C_original.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Grotto_in_an_iceberg%2C_Herbert_George_Ponting%2C_original.jpg/126px-Grotto_in_an_iceberg%2C_Herbert_George_Ponting%2C_original.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Grotto_in_an_iceberg%2C_Herbert_George_Ponting%2C_original.jpg/168px-Grotto_in_an_iceberg%2C_Herbert_George_Ponting%2C_original.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2296" data-file-height="3276" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grotto in an <a href="/wiki/Iceberg" title="Iceberg">iceberg</a> with the <i><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_(ship)" title="Terra Nova (ship)">Terra Nova</a></i> ship in the background (1911) during the 'British Antarctic Expedition' by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_G._Ponting" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert G. Ponting">Herbert G. Ponting</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parc_des_Buttes-Chaumont,_grotte_02_stereographical_fused.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grotto of the Buttes-Chaumont in Paris"><img alt="Grotto of the Buttes-Chaumont in Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Parc_des_Buttes-Chaumont%2C_grotte_02_stereographical_fused.jpg/77px-Parc_des_Buttes-Chaumont%2C_grotte_02_stereographical_fused.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Parc_des_Buttes-Chaumont%2C_grotte_02_stereographical_fused.jpg/115px-Parc_des_Buttes-Chaumont%2C_grotte_02_stereographical_fused.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Parc_des_Buttes-Chaumont%2C_grotte_02_stereographical_fused.jpg/154px-Parc_des_Buttes-Chaumont%2C_grotte_02_stereographical_fused.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3365" data-file-height="5243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grotto of the <a href="/wiki/Buttes-Chaumont" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttes-Chaumont">Buttes-Chaumont</a> in Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_-_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE,_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grotto pavilion in Kuskovo, Moscow (1775)"><img alt="Grotto pavilion in Kuskovo, Moscow (1775)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_-_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%2C_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg/90px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_-_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%2C_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_-_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%2C_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg/135px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_-_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%2C_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_-_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%2C_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg/180px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_-_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%2C_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grotto pavilion in <a href="/wiki/Kuskovo" title="Kuskovo">Kuskovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (1775)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anapat_Grotto4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anapat Grotto, Lastiver, Armenia"><img alt="Anapat Grotto, Lastiver, Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Anapat_Grotto4.jpg/120px-Anapat_Grotto4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Anapat_Grotto4.jpg/180px-Anapat_Grotto4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Anapat_Grotto4.jpg/240px-Anapat_Grotto4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Anapat Grotto, Lastiver, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shell_Grotto_-_geograph.org.uk_-_252799.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shell Grotto, Wales"><img alt="Shell Grotto, Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shell_Grotto_-_geograph.org.uk_-_252799.jpg/120px-Shell_Grotto_-_geograph.org.uk_-_252799.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shell_Grotto_-_geograph.org.uk_-_252799.jpg/180px-Shell_Grotto_-_geograph.org.uk_-_252799.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shell_Grotto_-_geograph.org.uk_-_252799.jpg/240px-Shell_Grotto_-_geograph.org.uk_-_252799.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="451" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shell_Grotto,_Pontypool" title="Shell Grotto, Pontypool">Shell Grotto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruce_Peninsula_National_Park_%E2%80%93_The_Grotto%E2%80%93Ontario_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Grotto in Bruce Peninsula National Park, Canada"><img alt="The Grotto in Bruce Peninsula National Park, Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bruce_Peninsula_National_Park_%E2%80%93_The_Grotto%E2%80%93Ontario_%281%29.jpg/120px-Bruce_Peninsula_National_Park_%E2%80%93_The_Grotto%E2%80%93Ontario_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bruce_Peninsula_National_Park_%E2%80%93_The_Grotto%E2%80%93Ontario_%281%29.jpg/180px-Bruce_Peninsula_National_Park_%E2%80%93_The_Grotto%E2%80%93Ontario_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bruce_Peninsula_National_Park_%E2%80%93_The_Grotto%E2%80%93Ontario_%281%29.jpg/240px-Bruce_Peninsula_National_Park_%E2%80%93_The_Grotto%E2%80%93Ontario_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Grotto in <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Peninsula_National_Park" title="Bruce Peninsula National Park">Bruce Peninsula National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grotto&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grottoes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Grottoes">Grottoes</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge#Blue_Grotto" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Blue Grotto</a>, former underground wine storage vaults in the anchorages under the Brooklyn Bridge, on the Manhattan side</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Hercules" title="Caves of Hercules">Caves of Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotto-heavens" title="Grotto-heavens">Grotto-heavens</a>, Chinese religious usage associated with Daoist religion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">Karst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_grotto" title="Shell grotto">Shell grotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnels_in_popular_culture" title="Tunnels in popular culture">Tunnels in popular culture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grotto&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2.5, 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a></i>, <i>s.v.</i> "grotto".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. W. Elderkin, "The Natural and the Artificial Grotto", <i>Hesperia</i> <b>10</b>.2 (April – June 1941), pp. 125–137, gives numerous well-known ancient Greek examples, natural and architectural, with some details of their sites.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. E. Rice, "Grottoes on the Acropolis of Hellenistic Rhodes", <i>The Annual of the British School at Athens</i> <b>90</b> (1995), pp. 383–404.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A.R.A. van Aken, "Some Aspects of Nymphaea in Pompeii, Herculaneum and Ostia" <i><a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne_(journal)" title="Mnemosyne (journal)">Mnemosyne</a></i>, Fourth Series, <b>4</b>.3/4 (1951), pp. 272–284</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20220529-switzerlands-ingenious-cooling-caves">"Switzerland's ingenious cooling caves"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online#International-only_site" title="BBC Online">BBC Travel</a></i>. 2022-03-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Travel&rft.atitle=Switzerland%27s+ingenious+cooling+caves&rft.date=2022-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2F20220529-switzerlands-ingenious-cooling-caves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrotto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lebendige-traditionen.ch/dam/tradition/de/dokumente/tradition/ti/cultura_dei_grottinellasvizzeraitaliana.pdf.download.pdf/cultura_dei_grottinellasvizzeraitaliana.pdf">"Grotto culture in Italian Switzerland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Living Traditions of Switzerland</i> (in Italian). Swiss Confederation. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Living+Traditions+of+Switzerland&rft.atitle=Grotto+culture+in+Italian+Switzerland&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lebendige-traditionen.ch%2Fdam%2Ftradition%2Fde%2Fdokumente%2Ftradition%2Fti%2Fcultura_dei_grottinellasvizzeraitaliana.pdf.download.pdf%2Fcultura_dei_grottinellasvizzeraitaliana.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrotto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schweiz-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schweiz_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.33926%2Fgp.2019.1.5">"Im Vorgarten zum Paradies"</a>. <i>Schweiz. Vallemaggia</i>. <b>2</b> (1). 1999. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.33926%2Fgp.2019.1.5">10.33926/gp.2019.1.5</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1421-8909">1421-8909</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Schweiz.+Vallemaggia&rft.atitle=Im+Vorgarten+zum+Paradies&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.33926%2Fgp.2019.1.5&rft.issn=1421-8909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.33926%252Fgp.2019.1.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrotto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Webster Smith, "Pratolino", <i>The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians</i> <b>20</b>.4 (December 1961), pp. 155–168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frederick Bracher, "Pope's Grotto: The Maze of Fancy Pope's Grotto: The Maze of Fancy", <i>The Huntington Library Quarterly</i> <b>12</b>.2 (February 1949), pp. 141–162; Anthony Beckles Willson, "Alexander Pope's Grotto in Twickenham", <i>Garden History</i> <b>26</b>.1 (Summer, 1998), pp. 31–59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Victoria Lambert <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/museums/11866157/Inside-Alexander-Popes-hidden-grotto.html">"Inside Alexander Pope's hidden grotto"</a> The Telegraph, 15 September 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alison Hodges, "Painshill, Cobham, Surrey: The Grotto", <i>Garden History</i> <b>3</b>.2 (Spring 1975), pp. 23–28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Turner, "The Structure of Henry Hoare's Stourhead", <i>The Art Bulletin</i> <b>61</b>.1 (March 1979), pp. 68–77; Malcolm Kelsall, "The Iconography of Stourhead", <i>Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes</i> <b>46</b>(1983), pp. 133–143; Kenneth Woodbridge, "Henry Hoare's Paradise," <i>The Art Bulletin</i> <b>47</b>.1 (March 1965), pp. 83–116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050513215354/http://scotts-grotto.org/CMS/index.php">"What is Scott's Grotto"</a>. 13 May 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scotts-grotto.org/CMS/index.php">the original</a> on 13 May 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Scott%27s+Grotto&rft.date=2005-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscotts-grotto.org%2FCMS%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrotto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlderslade,_Jessica2014" class="citation news cs1">Alderslade, Jessica (2014). "An Introduction to the Grotto and Its Place within Contemporary Design". <i>Reinterpreting the Grotto in Contemporary Design</i>. Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reinterpreting+the+Grotto+in+Contemporary+Design&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Grotto+and+Its+Place+within+Contemporary+Design&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Alderslade%2C+Jessica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrotto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"ArtNotes". <i>Art Monthly</i>. April 2008. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Art+Monthly&rft.atitle=ArtNotes&rft.pages=15&rft.date=2008-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrotto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardillo2023" class="citation web cs1">Cardillo, Antonino (October 12, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.antoninocardillo.com/en/works/grottoes/">"Grottoes"</a>. <i>www.antoninocardillo.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240608140041/https://www.antoninocardillo.com/en/works/grottoes/">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.antoninocardillo.com&rft.atitle=Grottoes&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft.aulast=Cardillo&rft.aufirst=Antonino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.antoninocardillo.com%2Fen%2Fworks%2Fgrottoes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrotto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grotto&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson,_Hazelle2001" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Hazelle (2001). <i>Shell Houses and Grottoes</i>. England: Shire Books).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shell+Houses+and+Grottoes&rft.place=England&rft.pub=Shire+Books%29&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Hazelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrotto" class="Z3988"></span> Traces the development of the grotto in Italy during the Renaissance and its popularity in the UK from the eighteenth century to the present. Includes gazetteer of UK grottoes.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones,_B.1953" class="citation book cs1">Jones, B. (1953). <i>Follies and Grottoes</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Follies+and+Grottoes&rft.place=London&rft.date=1953&rft.au=Jones%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrotto" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_Naomi1982" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Naomi (1982). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heavenlycavesref0000mill"><i>Heavenly Caves: Reflections on the Garden Grotto</i></a></span>. New York: Braziller.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heavenly+Caves%3A+Reflections+on+the+Garden+Grotto&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Braziller&rft.date=1982&rft.au=Miller%2C+Naomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheavenlycavesref0000mill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrotto" class="Z3988"></span> Traces the development of the grotto from Antiquity to modern times.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Garden_features" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Garden_features" title="Template:Garden features"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Garden_features" title="Template talk:Garden features"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Garden_features" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Garden features"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Garden_features" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_garden_features" title="List of garden features">Garden features</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_waterfall" title="Artificial waterfall">Artificial waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_(landscape)" title="Avenue (landscape)">Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviary" title="Aviary">Aviary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borrowed_scenery" title="Borrowed scenery">Borrowed scenery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosquet" title="Bosquet">Bosquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvedere_(structure)" title="Belvedere (structure)">Belvedere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_waterfalls" class="mw-redirect" title="Fan waterfalls">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deck_(building)" title="Deck (building)">Deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exedra" title="Exedra">Exedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folly" title="Folly">Folly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain" title="Fountain">Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_buildings" title="Garden buildings">Garden buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_pond" title="Garden pond">Garden pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_railway" title="Garden railway">Garden railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_room" title="Garden room">Garden room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazebo" title="Gazebo">Gazebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloriette" title="Gloriette">Gloriette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">Greenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_wall" title="Green wall">Green wall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grotto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shell_grotto" title="Shell grotto">Shell grotto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha-ha" title="Ha-ha">Ha-ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedge" title="Hedge">Hedge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_border" title="Herbaceous border">Herbaceous border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeux_d%27eau" title="Jeux d'eau">Jeux d'eau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labyrinth" title="Labyrinth">Labyrinth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maze" title="Maze">Maze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_maze" title="Hedge maze">Hedge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turf_maze" title="Turf maze">Turf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawn" title="Lawn">Lawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopteros" title="Monopteros">Monopteros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_bridge" title="Moon bridge">Moon bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_gate" title="Moon gate">Moon gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound" title="Mound">Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum" title="Nymphaeum">Nymphaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangery" title="Orangery">Orangery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parterre" title="Parterre">Parterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patio" title="Patio">Patio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavilion" title="Pavilion">Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergola" title="Pergola">Pergola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflecting_pool" title="Reflecting pool">Reflecting pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed" title="Shed">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepping_stones" title="Stepping stones">Stepping stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stumpery" title="Stumpery">Stumpery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvan_theater" title="Sylvan theater">Sylvan theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_garden" title="Terrace garden">Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topiary" title="Topiary">Topiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trellis_(architecture)" title="Trellis (architecture)">Trellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_feature" title="Water feature">Water feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_garden" title="Water garden">Water garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zig-zag_bridge" title="Zig-zag bridge">Zig-zag bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Man-made_and_man-related_subterranea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Man-made_and_man-related_subterranea" title="Template:Man-made and man-related subterranea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Man-made_and_man-related_subterranea" title="Template talk:Man-made and man-related subterranea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Man-made_and_man-related_subterranea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Man-made and man-related subterranea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Man-made_and_man-related_subterranea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Man-made and man-related <a href="/wiki/Subterranea_(geography)" title="Subterranea (geography)">subterranea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenote" title="Cenote">Cenote</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">Sinkhole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilian features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basement" title="Basement">Basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_vault_(tomb)" title="Burial vault (tomb)">Burial vault (tomb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borehole" title="Borehole">Borehole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs" title="Catacombs">Catacombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon" title="Dungeon">Dungeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout (shelter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_well" title="Dry well">Dry well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_shelter" title="Earth shelter">Earth shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdstall" title="Erdstall">Erdstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fogou" title="Fogou">Fogou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypogeum" title="Hypogeum">Hypogeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhole" title="Manhole">Manhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_tomb" title="Rock-cut tomb">Rock-cut tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_cellar" title="Root cellar">Root cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_vault" title="Utility vault">Utility vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_city" title="Underground city">Underground city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cave" title="Wine cave">Wine cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_passage" title="Secret passage">Secret passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-basement" title="Semi-basement">Semi-basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepwell" title="Stepwell">Stepwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_cellar" title="Storm cellar">Storm cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smuggling_tunnel" title="Smuggling tunnel">Smuggling tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_shaft" title="Ventilation shaft">Ventilation shaft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_raid_shelter" title="Air raid shelter">Air raid shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunker" title="Bunker">Bunker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_shelter" title="Blast shelter">Blast shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">Casemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallout_shelter" title="Fallout shelter">Fallout shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_launch_facility" title="Missile launch facility">Missile launch facility</a> (silo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallywag_bunker" title="Scallywag bunker">Scallywag bunker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_base" title="Underground base">Underground base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_hangar" title="Underground hangar">Underground hangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_hole" title="Spider hole">Spider hole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">Mining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quarrying" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarrying">quarrying</a>, and<br /><a href="/wiki/Underground_construction" title="Underground construction">underground construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_architecture" title="Rock-cut architecture">Rock-cut architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsurface_utility_engineering" title="Subsurface utility engineering">Subsurface utility engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_construction" title="Tunnel construction">Tunnel construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_mine_ventilation" title="Underground mine ventilation">Underground mine ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_mining_(hard_rock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground mining (hard rock)">Underground mining (hard rock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_mining_(soft_rock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground mining (soft rock)">Underground mining (soft rock)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_dweller" title="Cave dweller">Cave dweller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Maastricht" title="Caves of Maastricht">Caves of Maastricht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense" title="Civil defense">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coober_Pedy" title="Coober Pedy">Coober Pedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_tunnel_system" title="Houston tunnel system">Houston tunnel system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%91b%C3%A1nya_cellar_system" title="Kőbánya cellar system">Kőbánya cellar system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_network" title="Tunnel network">Tunnel network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_living" title="Underground living">Underground living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_City_(Beijing)" title="Underground City (Beijing)">Underground City (Beijing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_City,_Montreal" title="Underground City, Montreal">Underground City, Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mine_exploration" title="Mine exploration">Mine exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mines_of_Paris" title="Mines of Paris">Mines of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_people" title="Mole people">Mole people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples_underground_geothermal_zone" title="Naples underground geothermal zone">Naples underground geothermal zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapping" title="Sapping">Sapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_London" title="Subterranean London">Subterranean London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_Toledo" title="Subterranean Toledo">Subterranean Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_fiction" title="Subterranean fiction">Subterranean fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Earth shelters US</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates%27_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Gates' house">Bill Gates' house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestiere_Underground_Gardens" title="Forestiere Underground Gardens">Forestiere Underground Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_House_Colorado" title="Underground House Colorado">Underground House Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_House_Las_Vegas" title="Underground House Las Vegas">Underground House Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_World_Home" title="Underground World Home">Underground World Home</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Earth shelters UK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underhill,_Holme" title="Underhill, Holme">Underhill, Holme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockerton_Housing_Project" title="Hockerton Housing Project">Hockerton Housing Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malator" title="Malator">Malator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Earth shelters Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coober_Pedy" title="Coober Pedy">Coober Pedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightning Ridge">Lightning Ridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subterranea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subterranea" title="Template:Subterranea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Subterranea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Subterranea (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subterranea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subterranea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subterranea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Subterranea_(geography)" title="Subterranea (geography)">Subterranea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcove_(landform)" title="Alcove (landform)">Alcove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant_colony" title="Ant colony">Ant colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrow" title="Burrow">Burrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burrow_fossil" title="Burrow fossil">Burrow fossil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_burrow" title="Communal burrow">Communal burrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoburrow" title="Paleoburrow">Paleoburrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_cave" title="Glacier cave">Glacier cave</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cave" title="Ice cave">Ice cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_cave" title="Lava cave">Lava cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_tube" title="Lava tube">Lava tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Pit Cave">Pit Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_cave" title="Show cave">Show cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutional_cave" title="Solutional cave">Solutional cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talus_cave" title="Talus cave">Talus cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenote" title="Cenote">Cenote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">Karst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_tree_mold" title="Lava tree mold">Lava tree mold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magma_chamber" title="Magma chamber">Magma chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternity_den" title="Maternity den">Maternity den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nest" title="Nest">Nest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beehive" title="Beehive">Bee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_crater" title="Pit crater">Pit crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">Sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_fauna" title="Subterranean fauna">Subterranean fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_river" title="Subterranean river">Subterranean river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_waterfall" title="Subterranean waterfall">Subterranean waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_lake" title="Underground lake">Underground lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_pipe" title="Volcanic pipe">Volcanic pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_(burrow)" title="Warren (burrow)">Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balve_Cave" title="Balve Cave">Balve Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castellana_Caves" title="Castellana Caves">Castellana Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_S%C6%A1n_%C4%90o%C3%B2ng" title="Hang Sơn Đoòng">Hang Sơn Đoòng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewel_Cave_National_Monument" title="Jewel Cave National Monument">Jewel Cave National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazumura_Cave" title="Kazumura Cave">Kazumura Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechuguilla_Cave" title="Lechuguilla Cave">Lechuguilla Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Cave_National_Park" title="Mammoth Cave National Park">Mammoth Cave National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Flute_Cave" title="Reed Flute Cave">Reed Flute Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_rivers_of_London" title="Subterranean rivers of London">Subterranean rivers of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veryovkina_Cave" title="Veryovkina Cave">Veryovkina Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_Cave_National_Park" title="Wind Cave National Park">Wind Cave National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Man-made features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_raid_shelter" title="Air raid shelter">Air raid shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basement" title="Basement">Basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_vault_(tomb)" title="Burial vault (tomb)">Burial vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borehole" title="Borehole">Borehole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunker" title="Bunker">Bunker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_shelter" title="Blast shelter">Blast shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs" title="Catacombs">Catacombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">Casemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">Crypt Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon" title="Dungeon">Dungeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout (shelter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_well" title="Dry well">Dry well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_shelter" title="Earth shelter">Earth shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdstall" title="Erdstall">Erdstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallout_shelter" title="Fallout shelter">Fallout shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fogou" title="Fogou">Fogou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_fighting_position#Terminology" title="Defensive fighting position">Foxhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypogeum" title="Hypogeum">Hypogeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhole" title="Manhole">Manhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_launch_facility" title="Missile launch facility">Missile launch facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_tomb" title="Rock-cut tomb">Rock-cut tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_cellar" title="Root cellar">Root cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_vault" title="Utility vault">Utility vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_city" title="Underground city">Underground city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_base" title="Underground base">Underground base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_hangar" title="Underground hangar">Underground hangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cave" title="Wine cave">Wine cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Subway system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_passage" title="Secret passage">Secret passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-basement" title="Semi-basement">Semi-basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewerage" title="Sewerage">Sewerage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septic_tank" title="Septic tank">Septic tank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepwell" title="Stepwell">Stepwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_cellar" title="Storm cellar">Storm cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smuggling_tunnel" title="Smuggling tunnel">Smuggling tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_hole" title="Spider hole">Spider hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_shaft" title="Ventilation shaft">Ventilation shaft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/816_Nuclear_Military_Plant" title="816 Nuclear Military Plant">816 Nuclear Military Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Maastricht" title="Caves of Maastricht">Caves of Maastricht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caves_of_%C3%86giss%C3%AD%C3%B0a" title="The Caves of Ægissíða">The Caves of Ægissíða</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_of_Mercury._Almad%C3%A9n_and_Idrija" title="Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija"> Almadén Mercury Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coober_Pedy" title="Coober Pedy">Coober Pedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_Mountain_Complex" title="Cheyenne Mountain Complex">Cheyenne Mountain Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tunnel_Company" title="Chicago Tunnel Company">Chicago Tunnel Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_tunnel_system" title="Houston tunnel system">Houston tunnel system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosvinsky_Kamen" title="Kosvinsky Kamen">Kosvinsky Kamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%91b%C3%A1nya_cellar_system" title="Kőbánya cellar system">Kőbánya cellar system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kome_Caves" title="Kome Caves">Kome Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_City_(Beijing)" title="Underground City (Beijing)">Underground City (Beijing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_City,_Montreal" title="Underground City, Montreal">Underground City, Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Great_Wall_of_China" title="Underground Great Wall of China">Underground Great Wall of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maginot_Line" title="Maginot Line">Maginot Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mines_of_Paris" title="Mines of Paris">Mines of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustang_Caves" title="Mustang Caves">Mustang Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Yamantau" title="Mount Yamantau">Mount Yamantau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogao_Caves" title="Mogao Caves">Mogao Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples_underground_geothermal_zone" title="Naples underground geothermal zone">Naples underground geothermal zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Aerospace Defense Command">North American Aerospace Defense Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raven_Rock_Mountain_Complex" title="Raven Rock Mountain Complex">Raven Rock Mountain Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_tunnels" title="Shanghai tunnels">Shanghai tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_London" title="Subterranean London">Subterranean London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_Toledo" title="Subterranean Toledo">Subterranean Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turda_Salt_Mines" class="mw-redirect" title="Turda Salt Mines">Turda Salt Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaodong" title="Yaodong">Yaodong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Earth" title="Hollow Earth">Hollow Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_fiction" title="Subterranean fiction">Subterranean fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegory_of_the_cave" title="Allegory of the cave">Allegory of the cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batcave" title="Batcave">Batcave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Greek Underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth">Journey to the Center of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moria (Middle-earth)">Moria (Middle-earth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nome_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nome Kingdom">Nome Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellucidar" title="Pellucidar">Pellucidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranea_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subterranea (comics)">Subterranea (comics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnels_in_popular_culture" title="Tunnels in popular culture">Tunnels in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underdark" title="Underdark">Underdark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underland_(Narnia)" title="Underland (Narnia)">Underland (Narnia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonderland_(fictional_country)" title="Wonderland (fictional country)">Wonderland (fictional country)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Reclamation_Sciences" title="American Society of Reclamation Sciences">American Society of Reclamation Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergamt" title="Bergamt">Bergamt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Research_Foundation" title="Cave Research Foundation">Cave Research Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hard_rock_miners%27_organizations" title="History of hard rock miners' organizations">History of hard rock miners' organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mine_Map_Repository" title="National Mine Map Repository">National Mine Map Repository</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mining_Association" title="National Mining Association">National Mining Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Speleological_Society" title="National Speleological Society">National Speleological Society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grotto_(National_Speleological_Society)" title="Grotto (National Speleological Society)">Grotto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Materials,_Minerals_and_Mining" title="Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining">Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Mining_Engineers" title="Institution of Mining Engineers">Institution of Mining Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Speleology" title="International Union of Speleology">International Union of Speleology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Centre_for_Deep_Drilling" title="Research Centre for Deep Drilling">Research Centre for Deep Drilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Economic_Geologists" title="Society of Economic Geologists">Society of Economic Geologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Institute_of_Mining_and_Metallurgy" title="Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy">Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_conservation" title="Cave conservation">Cave conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_dweller" title="Cave dweller">Cave dweller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_diving" title="Cave diving">Cave diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_gate" title="Cave gate">Cave gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_rescue" title="Cave rescue">Cave rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caving" title="Caving">Caving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense" title="Civil defense">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_network" title="Tunnel network">Tunnel network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_construction" title="Underground construction">Underground construction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_construction" title="Tunnel construction">Tunnel construction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_living" title="Underground living">Underground living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mine_rescue" title="Mine rescue">Mine rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mine_exploration" title="Mine exploration">Mine exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_engineering" title="Mining engineering">Mining engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_people" title="Mole people">Mole people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mole_people_(fiction)" title="Mole people (fiction)">in fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speleology" title="Speleology">Speleology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131329#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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