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href="#Gideon_Mantell,_Sir_Richard_Owen,_and_the_discovery_of_dinosaurs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Gideon Mantell, Sir Richard Owen, and the discovery of dinosaurs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gideon_Mantell,_Sir_Richard_Owen,_and_the_discovery_of_dinosaurs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bernissart_mine_discoveries_and_Dollo's_new_reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bernissart_mine_discoveries_and_Dollo's_new_reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Bernissart mine discoveries and Dollo's new reconstruction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bernissart_mine_discoveries_and_Dollo's_new_reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turn_of_the_century_and_the_Dinosaur_Renaissance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turn_of_the_century_and_the_Dinosaur_Renaissance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Turn of the century and the Dinosaur Renaissance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turn_of_the_century_and_the_Dinosaur_Renaissance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century_research_and_the_splitting_of_the_genus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century_research_and_the_splitting_of_the_genus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 21st century research and the splitting of the genus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century_research_and_the_splitting_of_the_genus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Description </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification_and_evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification_and_evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Classification and evolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification_and_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Species </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Species-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Species subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Species_currently_accepted_as_valid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species_currently_accepted_as_valid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Species currently accepted as valid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species_currently_accepted_as_valid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reassigned_species_of_Iguanodon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reassigned_species_of_Iguanodon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Reassigned species of Iguanodon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reassigned_species_of_Iguanodon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species_reassigned_to_Iguanodon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species_reassigned_to_Iguanodon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Species reassigned to Iguanodon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species_reassigned_to_Iguanodon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dubious_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dubious_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Dubious species </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dubious_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palaeobiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palaeobiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Palaeobiology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Palaeobiology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Palaeobiology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Palaeobiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Feeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Feeding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posture_and_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posture_and_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Posture and movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posture_and_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thumb_spike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thumb_spike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Thumb spike </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thumb_spike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possible_social_behaviour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_social_behaviour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Possible social behaviour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_social_behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paleopathology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paleopathology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Paleopathology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paleopathology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Iguanodon</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" > 61 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="إغواندون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إغواندون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0quanodont" title="İquanodont – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İquanodont" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Игуанодони – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Игуанодони" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igwanodon" title="Igwanodon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Igwanodon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodont" title="Iguanodont – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iguanodont" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igwanodon" title="Igwanodon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Igwanodon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguaanodon" title="Iguaanodon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iguaanodon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ιγκουανόδοντας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιγκουανόδοντας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igvanodono" title="Igvanodono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Igvanodono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ایگوآنودون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایگوآنودون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodonte" title="Iguanodonte – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Iguanodonte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EA%B5%AC%EC%95%84%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%88" title="이구아노돈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이구아노돈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="इगु़नोडोन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इगु़नोडोन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F" title="איגואנודון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איגואנודון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="იგუანოდონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იგუანოდონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Игуанодон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Игуанодон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Игуанодондор – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Игуанодондор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodons" title="Iguanodons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Iguanodons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodontas" title="Iguanodontas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Iguanodontas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Игуандон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Игуандон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ഇഗ്വാനഡോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇഗ്വാനഡോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%82%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AB%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="အီဂွါနိုဒွန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီဂွါနိုဒွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8E%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3" title="イグアノドン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イグアノドン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Игуанодон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Игуанодон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="อิกัวโนดอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิกัวโนดอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ігуанодон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ігуанодон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igwanodon" title="Igwanodon – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Igwanodon" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" title="Iguanodon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Iguanodon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%BD%E9%BE%99%E5%B1%9E" title="禽龙属 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="禽龙属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ornithopod dinosaur genus from Early Cretaceous period</div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Iguanodon <div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early Cretaceous</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barremian" title="Barremian">Barremian</a>) 126–122 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a> <div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:177.35384615385px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Iguanodon_de_Bernissart_IRSNB_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Iguanodon_de_Bernissart_IRSNB_01.JPG/220px-Iguanodon_de_Bernissart_IRSNB_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Iguanodon_de_Bernissart_IRSNB_01.JPG/330px-Iguanodon_de_Bernissart_IRSNB_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Iguanodon_de_Bernissart_IRSNB_01.JPG/440px-Iguanodon_de_Bernissart_IRSNB_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2302" data-file-height="2763" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">I. bernissartensis mounted in modern quadrupedal posture, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Belgian_Institute_of_Natural_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences</a>, Brussels </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Iguanodon" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosauria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td>†<a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td>†<a href="/wiki/Neornithischia" title="Neornithischia">Neornithischia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td>†<a href="/wiki/Ornithopoda" title="Ornithopoda">Ornithopoda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td>†<a href="/wiki/Iguanodontidae" title="Iguanodontidae">Iguanodontidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td>†<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iguanodon</a> <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Mantell" title="Gideon Mantell">Mantell</a>, 1825<a href="#cite_note-GM25-1">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr>Iguanodon bernissartensis <div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/George_Albert_Boulenger" title="George Albert Boulenger">Boulenger</a> in Beneden, 1881</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Other species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>†I. anglicus Holl, 1829 (<a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">nomen dubium</a>)</li> <li>†I. galvensis Verdú et al., 2015<a href="#cite_note-Francisco_J._Verdú_2015-2">[2]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Delapparentia turolensis Ruiz-Omeñaca, 2011<a href="#cite_note-omenaca11-3">[3]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> Iguanodon (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɪˈɡwɑːnədɒn/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">i-GWAH-nə-don</a>; meaning '<a href="/wiki/Iguana" title="Iguana">iguana</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tooth" title="Tooth">tooth</a>'), named in 1825, is a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iguanodontia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iguanodontia">iguanodontian</a> <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaur</a>. While many species found worldwide have been classified in the genus Iguanodon, dating from the <a href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" title="Late Jurassic">Late Jurassic</a> to <a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early Cretaceous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomic</a> revision in the early 21st century has defined Iguanodon to be based on one well-substantiated species: I. bernissartensis, which lived during the <a href="/wiki/Barremian" title="Barremian">Barremian</a> to early <a href="/wiki/Aptian" title="Aptian">Aptian</a> ages of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early Cretaceous</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, between about 126 and 122 million years ago. Iguanodon was a large, bulky <a href="/wiki/Herbivory" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivory">herbivore</a>, measuring up to 9–11 metres (30–36 ft) in length and 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons) in body mass. Distinctive features include large thumb spikes, which were possibly used for defense against <a href="/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">predators</a>, combined with long prehensile fifth fingers able to forage for food. The genus was named in 1825 by English <a href="/wiki/Geologist" title="Geologist">geologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Mantell" title="Gideon Mantell">Gideon Mantell</a>, based on fossil specimens found in England and was given the species name I. anglicus. Iguanodon was the second type of dinosaur formally named based on fossil specimens, after <a href="/wiki/Megalosaurus" title="Megalosaurus">Megalosaurus</a>. Together with Megalosaurus and <a href="/wiki/Hylaeosaurus" title="Hylaeosaurus">Hylaeosaurus</a>, it was one of the three genera originally used to define <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosauria</a>. The genus Iguanodon belongs to the larger group <a href="/wiki/Iguanodontia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iguanodontia">Iguanodontia</a>, along with the duck-billed hadrosaurs. The taxonomy of this genus continues to be a topic of study as new species are named or long-standing ones reassigned to other genera. In 1878 new, far more complete remains of Iguanodon were discovered in Belgium and studied by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Dollo" title="Louis Dollo">Louis Dollo</a>. These were given the new species I. bernissartensis. In the early 21st century it became understood that the remains referred to as Iguanodon in England belonged to four different species (including I. bernissartensis) that were not closely related to each other, which were subsequently split off into <a href="/wiki/Mantellisaurus" title="Mantellisaurus">Mantellisaurus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barilium" title="Barilium">Barilium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypselospinus" title="Hypselospinus">Hypselospinus</a>. It was also found that the originally described <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> of Iguanodon, I. anglicus is now a <a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">nomen dubium</a>, and not valid. Thus the name "Iguanodon" became fixed around the well known species based primarily on the Belgian specimens. In 2015, a second valid species, I. galvensis, was named, based on fossils found in the Iberian Peninsula. Scientific understanding of Iguanodon has evolved over time as new information has been obtained from <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossils</a>. The numerous specimens of this genus, including nearly complete skeletons from two well-known <a href="/wiki/Bone_bed" title="Bone bed">bone beds</a>, have allowed researchers to make informed <a href="/wiki/Hypotheses" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypotheses">hypotheses</a> regarding many aspects of the living animal, including feeding, movement, and social behaviour. As one of the first scientifically well-known dinosaurs, Iguanodon has occupied a small but notable place in the public's perception of dinosaurs, its artistic representation changing significantly in response to new interpretations of its remains. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_and_history">Discovery and history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Discovery and history">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gideon_Mantell,_Sir_Richard_Owen,_and_the_discovery_of_dinosaurs">Gideon Mantell, Sir Richard Owen, and the discovery of dinosaurs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gideon Mantell, Sir Richard Owen, and the discovery of dinosaurs">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mantell%27s_Iguanodon_teeth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Mantell%27s_Iguanodon_teeth.jpg/170px-Mantell%27s_Iguanodon_teeth.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Mantell%27s_Iguanodon_teeth.jpg/255px-Mantell%27s_Iguanodon_teeth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Mantell%27s_Iguanodon_teeth.jpg/340px-Mantell%27s_Iguanodon_teeth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3912" data-file-height="5559" /></a><figcaption>The original I. anglicus teeth from Mantell's 1825 paper</figcaption></figure> The discovery of Iguanodon has long been accompanied by a popular <a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">legend</a>. The story goes that <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Mantell" title="Gideon Mantell">Gideon Mantell</a>'s wife, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Mantell" title="Mary Ann Mantell">Mary Ann</a>, discovered the first teeth<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> of an Iguanodon in the strata of <a href="/wiki/Tilgate" title="Tilgate">Tilgate</a> Forest in <a href="/wiki/Whitemans_Green" title="Whitemans Green">Whitemans Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuckfield" title="Cuckfield">Cuckfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, in 1822 while her husband was visiting a patient. However, there is no evidence that Mantell took his wife with him while seeing patients. Furthermore, he admitted in 1851 that he himself had found the teeth,<a href="#cite_note-HDS97-5">[5]</a> although he had previously stated in 1827 and 1833 that Mrs. Mantell had indeed found the first of the teeth later named Iguanodon.<a href="#cite_note-mantell1827-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-mantell1833-7">[7]</a> Other later authors agree that the story is not certainly false.<a href="#cite_note-SGL99-8">[8]</a> It is known from his notebooks that Mantell first acquired large fossil bones from the quarry at Whitemans Green in 1820. Because also <a href="/wiki/Theropod" class="mw-redirect" title="Theropod">theropod</a> teeth were found, thus belonging to carnivores, he at first interpreted these bones, which he tried to combine into a partial skeleton, as those of a giant <a href="/wiki/Crocodile" title="Crocodile">crocodile</a>. In 1821 Mantell mentioned the find of herbivorous teeth and began to consider the possibility that a large herbivorous reptile was present in the strata. However, in his 1822 publication Fossils of the South Downs he as yet did not dare to suggest a connection between the teeth and his very incomplete skeleton, presuming that his finds presented two large forms, one carnivorous ("an animal of the Lizard Tribe of enormous magnitude"), the other herbivorous. In May 1822 he first presented the herbivorous teeth to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Society of London">Royal Society of London</a> but the members, among them <a href="/wiki/William_Buckland" title="William Buckland">William Buckland</a>, dismissed them as <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> teeth or the incisors of a <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros" title="Rhinoceros">rhinoceros</a> from a <a href="/wiki/Tertiary" title="Tertiary">Tertiary</a> stratum. On 23 June 1823 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Charles Lyell</a> showed some to <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">Georges Cuvier</a>, during a soiree in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, but the famous French naturalist at once dismissed them as those of a rhinoceros. Though the very next day Cuvier retracted, Lyell reported only the dismissal to Mantell, who became rather diffident about the issue. In 1824 Buckland described <a href="/wiki/Megalosaurus" title="Megalosaurus">Megalosaurus</a> and was on that occasion invited to visit Mantell's collection. Seeing the bones on 6 March he agreed that these were of some giant saurian—though still denying it was a herbivore. Emboldened nevertheless, Mantell again sent some teeth to Cuvier, who answered on 22 June 1824 that he had determined that they were reptilian and quite possibly belonged to a giant herbivore. In a new edition that year of his Recherches sur les Ossemens Fossiles Cuvier admitted his earlier mistake, leading to an immediate acceptance of Mantell, and his new saurian, in scientific circles. Mantell tried to corroborate his theory further by finding a modern-day parallel among extant reptiles.<a href="#cite_note-DC00-9">[9]</a> In September 1824 he visited the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Surgeons_of_England" title="Royal College of Surgeons of England">Royal College of Surgeons</a> but at first failed to find comparable teeth. However, assistant-curator <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Stutchbury" title="Samuel Stutchbury">Samuel Stutchbury</a> recognised that they resembled those of an <a href="/wiki/Iguana" title="Iguana">iguana</a> he had recently prepared, albeit twenty times longer.<a href="#cite_note-DFG97-10">[10]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mantell%27s_Iguanodon_restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Mantell%27s_Iguanodon_restoration.jpg/220px-Mantell%27s_Iguanodon_restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Mantell%27s_Iguanodon_restoration.jpg/330px-Mantell%27s_Iguanodon_restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Mantell%27s_Iguanodon_restoration.jpg/440px-Mantell%27s_Iguanodon_restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption>Mantell's "Iguanodon" restoration based on the Maidstone Mantellodon remains</figcaption></figure> In recognition of the resemblance of the teeth to those of the iguana, Mantell decided to name his new animal Iguanodon or 'iguana-tooth', from iguana and the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> word ὀδών (odon, odontos or 'tooth').<a href="#cite_note-NM01-11">[11]</a> Based on <a href="/wiki/Allometry" title="Allometry">isometric scaling</a>, he estimated that the creature might have been up to 18 metres (59 feet) long, more than the 12-metre (39 ft) length of Megalosaurus.<a href="#cite_note-GM25-1">[1]</a> His initial idea for a name was Iguana-saurus ('Iguana lizard'), but his friend <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Conybeare" class="mw-redirect" title="William Daniel Conybeare">William Daniel Conybeare</a> suggested that that name was more applicable to the iguana itself, so a better name would be Iguanoides ('Iguana-like') or Iguanodon.<a href="#cite_note-DC00-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-GO97-12">[12]</a> He neglected to add a <a href="/wiki/Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a> to form a proper <a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">binomial</a>, but one was supplied in 1829 by Friedrich Holl: I. anglicum, which was later emended to I. anglicus.<a href="#cite_note-FH29-13">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maidstone_fossil_Iguanodon_1840.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Maidstone_fossil_Iguanodon_1840.jpg/220px-Maidstone_fossil_Iguanodon_1840.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Maidstone_fossil_Iguanodon_1840.jpg/330px-Maidstone_fossil_Iguanodon_1840.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Maidstone_fossil_Iguanodon_1840.jpg/440px-Maidstone_fossil_Iguanodon_1840.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="2768" /></a><figcaption>Fossil iguanodont remains found in Maidstone in 1834 (NHMUK PV OR 3791), now classified as <a href="/wiki/Mantellisaurus" title="Mantellisaurus">Mantellisaurus</a></figcaption></figure> Mantell sent a letter detailing his discovery to the local Portsmouth Philosophical Society in December 1824, several weeks after settling on a name for the fossil creature. The letter was read to members of the Society at a meeting on 17 December, and a report was published in the Hampshire Telegraph the following Monday, 20 December, which announced the name, misspelled as "Iguanadon".<a href="#cite_note-simpson2015-14">[14]</a> Mantell formally published his findings on 10 February 1825, when he presented a paper on the remains to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society of London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GM25-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-HDS97-5">[5]</a> A more complete specimen of a similar animal was discovered in a quarry in <a href="/wiki/Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, in 1834 (lower <a href="/wiki/Lower_Greensand" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Greensand">Lower Greensand</a> Formation), which Mantell soon acquired. He was led to identify it as an Iguanodon based on its distinctive teeth. The Maidstone slab (NHMUK PV OR 3791) was used in the first skeletal reconstructions and artistic renderings of Iguanodon, but due to its incompleteness, Mantell made some mistakes, the most famous of which was the placement of what he thought was a <a href="/wiki/Horn_(anatomy)" title="Horn (anatomy)">horn</a> on the nose.<a href="#cite_note-GM34-15">[15]</a> The discovery of much better specimens in later years revealed that the horn was actually a modified thumb. Still encased in rock, the Maidstone skeleton is currently displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. The borough of Maidstone commemorated this find by adding an Iguanodon as a <a href="/wiki/Supporters_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supporters (heraldry)">supporter</a> to their <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> in 1949.<a href="#cite_note-EC68-16">[16]</a> This specimen has become linked with the name I. mantelli, a species named in 1832 by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Erich_Hermann_von_Meyer" title="Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer">Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer</a> in place of I. anglicus, but it actually comes from a different <a href="/wiki/Rock_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock formation">formation</a> than the original I. mantelli/I. anglicus material.<a href="#cite_note-GO97-12">[12]</a> The Maidstone specimen, also known as Gideon Mantell's "Mantel-piece", and formally labelled NHMUK 3741<a href="#cite_note-norman2012-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-paul2012-18">[18]</a> was subsequently excluded from Iguanodon. It is classified as cf. Mantellisaurus by McDonald (2012);<a href="#cite_note-McDonald2012-19">[19]</a> as cf. Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis by Norman (2012);<a href="#cite_note-norman2012-17">[17]</a> and made the holotype of a separate species <a href="/wiki/Mantellodon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantellodon">Mantellodon carpenteri</a> by Paul (2012),<a href="#cite_note-paul2012-18">[18]</a> but this is considered dubious and it is generally considered a specimen of Mantellisaurus<a href="#cite_note-Norman-2013-20">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mantellodon_in_Crystal_Palace_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mantellodon_in_Crystal_Palace_Park.jpg/220px-Mantellodon_in_Crystal_Palace_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mantellodon_in_Crystal_Palace_Park.jpg/330px-Mantellodon_in_Crystal_Palace_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mantellodon_in_Crystal_Palace_Park.jpg/440px-Mantellodon_in_Crystal_Palace_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>Statues in <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_Park" title="Crystal Palace Park">Crystal Palace Park</a> based on the Maidstone specimen of "Iguanodon", designed by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Waterhouse_Hawkins" title="Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins">Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins</a>, after restoration in 2002</figcaption></figure> At the same time, tension began to build between Mantell and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">Richard Owen</a>, an ambitious scientist with much better funding and society connections in the turbulent worlds of <a href="/wiki/Reform_Act_1832" title="Reform Act 1832">Reform Act</a>-era British politics and science. Owen, a firm <a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">creationist</a>, opposed the early versions of <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolutionary science</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Transmutation_of_species" title="Transmutation of species">transmutationism</a>") then being debated and used what he would soon coin as dinosaurs as a weapon in this conflict. With the paper describing Dinosauria, he scaled down dinosaurs from lengths of over 61 metres (200 feet), determined that they were not simply giant lizards, and put forward that they were advanced and mammal-like, characteristics given to them by <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>; according to the understanding of the time, they could not have been "transmuted" from reptiles to mammal-like creatures.<a href="#cite_note-HT97-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-RS42-22">[22]</a> In 1849, a few years before his death in 1852, Mantell realised that iguanodonts were not heavy, <a href="/wiki/Pachydermata" title="Pachydermata">pachyderm</a>-like animals,<a href="#cite_note-GM51-23">[23]</a> as Owen was putting forward, but had slender forelimbs. However, since his passing left him unable to participate in the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_Dinosaurs" title="Crystal Palace Dinosaurs">Crystal Palace dinosaur sculptures</a>, Owen's vision of the dinosaurs became that seen by the public for decades.<a href="#cite_note-HT97-21">[21]</a> With <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Waterhouse_Hawkins" title="Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins">Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins</a>, he had nearly two dozen lifesize <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculptures</a> of various prehistoric animals built out of <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a> sculpted over a <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">brick</a> framework; two iguanodonts (based on the Maidstone specimen), one standing and one resting on its belly, were included. Before the sculpture of the standing iguanodont was completed, he held a banquet for twenty inside it.<a href="#cite_note-MB00-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-CY96-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-DBN85-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bernissart_mine_discoveries_and_Dollo's_new_reconstruction">Bernissart mine discoveries and Dollo's new reconstruction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bernissart mine discoveries and Dollo's new reconstruction">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Iguanodon4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Iguanodon4.jpg/135px-Iguanodon4.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Iguanodon4.jpg/203px-Iguanodon4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Iguanodon4.jpg/270px-Iguanodon4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="732" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustave_Lavalette_;_juli_1882.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_juli_1882.jpg/149px-Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_juli_1882.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_juli_1882.jpg/224px-Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_juli_1882.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_juli_1882.jpg/298px-Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_juli_1882.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="488" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustave_Lavalette_;_9_januari_1885;_Iguanodon_bernissartensis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_9_januari_1885%3B_Iguanodon_bernissartensis.jpg/142px-Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_9_januari_1885%3B_Iguanodon_bernissartensis.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_9_januari_1885%3B_Iguanodon_bernissartensis.jpg/213px-Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_9_januari_1885%3B_Iguanodon_bernissartensis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_9_januari_1885%3B_Iguanodon_bernissartensis.jpg/284px-Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_9_januari_1885%3B_Iguanodon_bernissartensis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="789" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustave_Lavalette_;_22_juli_1882.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_22_juli_1882.JPEG/142px-Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_22_juli_1882.JPEG" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_22_juli_1882.JPEG/213px-Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_22_juli_1882.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_22_juli_1882.JPEG/284px-Gustave_Lavalette_%3B_22_juli_1882.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="490" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Four I. bernissartensis fossils drawn as they were found in 1882</div></div></div></div> The largest find of Iguanodon remains to that date occurred on 28 February 1878 in a coal mine at <a href="/wiki/Bernissart" title="Bernissart">Bernissart</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, at a depth of 322 m (1,056 ft),<a href="#cite_note-DBN85b-27">[27]</a> when two mineworkers, Jules Créteur and Alphonse Blanchard, accidentally hit on a skeleton that they initially took for <a href="/wiki/Petrified_wood" title="Petrified wood">petrified wood</a>. With the encouragement of <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Briart" title="Alphonse Briart">Alphonse Briart</a>, supervisor of mines at nearby <a href="/wiki/Morlanwelz" title="Morlanwelz">Morlanwelz</a>, Louis de Pauw on 15 May 1878 started to excavate the skeletons and in 1882 <a href="/wiki/Louis_Dollo" title="Louis Dollo">Louis Dollo</a> reconstructed them. At least 38 Iguanodon individuals were uncovered,<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> most of which were adults.<a href="#cite_note-DBN87-29">[29]</a> In 1882, the holotype specimen of I. bernissartensis became one of the first ever dinosaur skeletons mounted for display. It was put together in a chapel at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Charles_of_Lorraine" title="Palace of Charles of Lorraine">Palace of Charles of Lorraine</a> using a series of adjustable ropes attached to scaffolding so that a lifelike pose could be achieved during the mounting process.<a href="#cite_note-norman2012-17">[17]</a> This specimen, along with several others, first opened for public viewing in an inner courtyard of the palace in July 1883. In 1891 they were moved to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Belgian_Institute_of_Natural_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences">Royal Museum of Natural History</a>, where they are still on display; nine are displayed as standing mounts, and nineteen more are still in the Museum's basement.<a href="#cite_note-DBN85b-27">[27]</a> The exhibit makes an impressive display in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Belgian_Institute_of_Natural_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>. A replica of one of these is on display at the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Oxford University Museum of Natural History">Oxford University Museum of Natural History</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/Sedgwick_Museum_of_Earth_Sciences" title="Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences">Sedgwick Museum</a> in Cambridge. Most of the remains were referred to a new species, I. bernissartensis,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> a larger and much more robust animal than the English remains had yet revealed. One specimen, IRSNB 1551, was at first referred to the nebulous, gracile I. mantelli, but is currently referred to <a href="/wiki/Mantellisaurus" title="Mantellisaurus">Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis</a>. The skeletons were some of the first complete dinosaur skeletons known. Found with the dinosaur skeletons were the remains of plants, fish, and other reptiles,<a href="#cite_note-DBN85b-27">[27]</a> including the crocodyliform <a href="/wiki/Bernissartia" title="Bernissartia">Bernissartia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-palmer99-31">[31]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernissart_Iguanodon_mounted_skeleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Bernissart_Iguanodon_mounted_skeleton.jpg/170px-Bernissart_Iguanodon_mounted_skeleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Bernissart_Iguanodon_mounted_skeleton.jpg/255px-Bernissart_Iguanodon_mounted_skeleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Bernissart_Iguanodon_mounted_skeleton.jpg/340px-Bernissart_Iguanodon_mounted_skeleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="1288" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of a Bernissart Iguanodon skeleton being mounted in outdated kangaroo-like pose</figcaption></figure> The science of conserving fossil remains was in its infancy, and new techniques had to be improvised to deal with what soon became known as "<a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">pyrite</a> disease". Crystalline pyrite in the bones was being <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxidized</a> to <a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_sulfate" title="Iron(II) sulfate">iron sulphate</a>, accompanied by an increase in volume that caused the remains to crack and crumble. When in the ground, the bones were isolated by anoxic moist clay that prevented this from happening, but when removed into the drier open air, the natural chemical conversion began to occur. To limit this effect, De Pauw immediately, in the mine-gallery, re-covered the dug-out fossils with wet clay, sealing them with paper and plaster reinforced by iron rings, forming in total about six hundred transportable blocks with a combined weight of a hundred and thirty tons. In Brussels after opening the plaster he impregnated the bones with boiling <a href="/wiki/Gelatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelatine">gelatine</a> mixed with <a href="/wiki/Oil_of_cloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil of cloves">oil of cloves</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Preservative" title="Preservative">preservative</a>. Removing most of the visible pyrite he then hardened them with <a href="/wiki/Hide_glue" class="mw-redirect" title="Hide glue">hide glue</a>, finishing with a final layer of <a href="/wiki/Tin_foil" title="Tin foil">tin foil</a>. Damage was repaired with <a href="/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9" title="Papier-mâché">papier-mâché</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> This treatment had the unintended effect of sealing in moisture and extending the period of damage. In 1932 museum director <a href="/wiki/Victor_van_Straelen" title="Victor van Straelen">Victor van Straelen</a> decided that the specimens had to be completely restored again to safeguard their preservation. From December 1935 to August 1936 the staff at the museum in Brussels treated the problem with a combination of <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">alcohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a>, and 390 kilograms of <a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">shellac</a>. This combination was intended to simultaneously penetrate the fossils (with alcohol), prevent the development of mold (with arsenic), and harden them (with shellac). The fossils entered a third round of conservation from 2003 until May 2007, when the shellac, hide glue and gelatine were removed and impregnated with <a href="/wiki/Polyvinyl_acetate" title="Polyvinyl acetate">polyvinyl acetate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyanoacrylate" title="Cyanoacrylate">cyanoacrylate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Epoxy" title="Epoxy">epoxy</a> glues.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Modern treatments of this problem typically involve either monitoring the humidity of fossil storage, or, for fresh specimens, preparing a special coating of <a href="/wiki/Polyethylene_glycol" title="Polyethylene glycol">polyethylene glycol</a> that is then heated in a vacuum pump, so that moisture is immediately removed and pore spaces are infiltrated with polyethylene glycol to seal and strengthen the fossil.<a href="#cite_note-DBN85b-27">[27]</a> Dollo's specimens allowed him to show that Owen's prehistoric pachyderms were not correct for Iguanodon. He instead modelled the skeletal mounts after the <a href="/wiki/Cassowary" title="Cassowary">cassowary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallaby" title="Wallaby">wallaby</a>, and put the spike that had been on the nose firmly on the <a href="/wiki/Thumb" title="Thumb">thumb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LD82-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-LD83-35">[35]</a> His reconstruction would prevail for a long period of time, but would later be discounted.<a href="#cite_note-DBN85b-27">[27]</a> Excavations at the quarry were stopped in 1881, although it was not exhausted of fossils, as recent drilling operations have shown.<a href="#cite_note-AR03-36">[36]</a> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, when the town was occupied by <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German forces</a>, preparations were made to reopen the mine for palaeontology, and <a href="/wiki/Otto_Jaekel" title="Otto Jaekel">Otto Jaekel</a> was sent from <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> to supervise. Just as the first fossiliferous layer was about to be uncovered, however, the German army surrendered and had to withdraw. Further attempts to reopen the mine were hindered by financial problems and were stopped altogether in 1921 when the mine flooded.<a href="#cite_note-DBN85b-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-cordier17-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turn_of_the_century_and_the_Dinosaur_Renaissance">Turn of the century and the Dinosaur Renaissance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Turn of the century and the Dinosaur Renaissance">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iguanodon_Skelett_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Iguanodon_Skelett_2.jpg/170px-Iguanodon_Skelett_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Iguanodon_Skelett_2.jpg/255px-Iguanodon_Skelett_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Iguanodon_Skelett_2.jpg/340px-Iguanodon_Skelett_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1356" data-file-height="1742" /></a><figcaption>I. bernissartensis skeletal mount in modern bipedal pose, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cbersee-Museum_Bremen" class="mw-redirect" title="Übersee-Museum Bremen">Übersee-Museum Bremen</a></figcaption></figure> Research on Iguanodon decreased during the early part of the 20th century as World Wars and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> enveloped Europe. A new species that would become the subject of much study and taxonomic controversy, I. atherfieldensis, was named in 1925 by <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Hooley" title="Reginald Hooley">R. W. Hooley</a>, for a specimen collected at Atherfield Point on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RWH25-38">[38]</a> Iguanodon was not part of the initial work of the <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_renaissance" title="Dinosaur renaissance">dinosaur renaissance</a> that began with the description of <a href="/wiki/Deinonychus" title="Deinonychus">Deinonychus</a> in 1969, but it was not neglected for long. <a href="/wiki/David_B._Weishampel" title="David B. Weishampel">David B. Weishampel</a>'s work on ornithopod feeding mechanisms provided a better understanding of how it fed,<a href="#cite_note-DBW84-39">[39]</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_B._Norman" title="David B. Norman">David B. Norman</a>'s work on numerous aspects of the genus has made it one of the best-known dinosaurs.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-DBN85b-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-DBN80-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-DBN86-41">[41]</a> In addition, a further find of numerous disarticulated Iguanodon bones in Nehden, <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">Nordrhein-Westphalen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, has provided evidence for gregariousness in this genus, as the animals in this <a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">areally restricted</a> find appear to have been killed by <a href="/wiki/Flash_flood" title="Flash flood">flash floods</a>. At least 15 individuals, from 2 to 8 metres (6 ft 7 in to 26 ft 3 in) long, have been found here, most of the individuals belong to the related <a href="/wiki/Mantellisaurus" title="Mantellisaurus">Mantellisaurus</a> (described as I. atherfieldensis, at that time believed to be another species of Iguanodon).<a href="#cite_note-DBN87-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-GSP08-42">[42]</a> but some are of I. bernissartensis. One major revision to Iguanodon brought by the Renaissance would be another re-thinking of how to reconstruct the animal. A major flaw with Dollo's reconstruction was the bend he introduced into the <a href="/wiki/Tail" title="Tail">tail</a>. This organ was more or less straight, as shown by the skeletons he was excavating, and the presence of ossified tendons. In fact, to get the bend in the tail for a more wallaby or <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroo</a>-like posture, the tail would have had to be broken. With its correct, straight tail and back, the animal would have walked with its body held horizontal to the ground, arms in place to support the body if needed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century_research_and_the_splitting_of_the_genus">21st century research and the splitting of the genus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 21st century research and the splitting of the genus">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iguanodon-Pink_Iggy-MIWG5126.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Iguanodon-Pink_Iggy-MIWG5126.jpg/220px-Iguanodon-Pink_Iggy-MIWG5126.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Iguanodon-Pink_Iggy-MIWG5126.jpg/330px-Iguanodon-Pink_Iggy-MIWG5126.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Iguanodon-Pink_Iggy-MIWG5126.jpg/440px-Iguanodon-Pink_Iggy-MIWG5126.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4372" data-file-height="3267" /></a><figcaption>I. bernissartensis from the Isle of Wight, <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Isle_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinosaur Isle Museum">Dinosaur Isle Museum</a></figcaption></figure> In the 21st century, Iguanodon material has been used in the search for dinosaur <a href="/wiki/Biomolecule" title="Biomolecule">biomolecules</a>. In research by Graham Embery et al., Iguanodon bones were processed to look for remnant <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a>. In this research, identifiable remains of typical bone proteins, such as <a href="/wiki/Phosphoprotein" title="Phosphoprotein">phosphoproteins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proteoglycan" title="Proteoglycan">proteoglycans</a>, were found in a <a href="/wiki/Rib" title="Rib">rib</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GEetal03-43">[43]</a> In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_S._Paul" title="Gregory S. Paul">Gregory S. Paul</a> split I. atherfieldensis into a new, separate genus, <a href="/wiki/Mantellisaurus" title="Mantellisaurus">Mantellisaurus</a> which has been generally accepted.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In 2009 fragmentary iguanodontid material was described from upper Barremian <a href="/wiki/Paris_Basin" title="Paris Basin">Paris Basin</a> deposits in <a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a>. While not definitively diagnosable to the genus/species level, the specimen shares "obvious morphological and dimensional affinities" with I. bernissartensis.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/David_B._Norman" title="David B. Norman">David Norman</a> split the <a href="/wiki/Valanginian" title="Valanginian">Valanginian</a> species I. dawsoni and I. fittoni into <a href="/wiki/Barilium" title="Barilium">Barilium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypselospinus" title="Hypselospinus">Hypselospinus</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-DBN10-46">[46]</a> After Norman 2010, over half a dozen new genera were named off English "Iguanodon" material. Carpenter and Ishida in 2010 named Proplanicoxa, Torilion and Sellacoxa while Gregory S. Paul in 2012 named Darwinsaurus, Huxleysaurus and Mantellodon and Macdonald et al. in 2012 named Kukufeldia. These species named after Norman 2010 are not considered valid and are considered various <a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">junior synonyms</a> of Mantellisaurus, Barilium and Hypselospinus.<a href="#cite_note-Norman-2013-20">[20]</a> In 2011, a new genus Delapparentia was named for a specimen in Spain that was originally thought to belong to I. bernissartensis.<a href="#cite_note-omenaca11-3">[3]</a> The previous identification was subsequently reaffirmed in a new analysis of individual variation in the Belgian specimens, finding that the Delapparentia specimen was within the range of I. bernissartensis.<a href="#cite_note-indvar-47">[47]</a> In 2015 a new species of Iguanodon, I. galvensis, was named based on material including 13 juvenile (<a href="/wiki/Perinate" title="Perinate">perinate</a>) individuals found in the <a href="/wiki/Camarillas_Formation" title="Camarillas Formation">Camarillas Formation</a> near Galve, Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Francisco_J._Verdú_2015-2">[2]</a> In 2017 a new study was done of I. galvensis, with further evidence of distinctiveness from I. bernissartensis including several new <a href="/wiki/Autapomorphies" class="mw-redirect" title="Autapomorphies">autapomorphies</a>. It was also found that the Delapparentia holotype (which is also from the Camarillas Formation) was not distinguishable from either I. bernissartensis or I. galvensis.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iguanodon_scale.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Iguanodon_scale.png/220px-Iguanodon_scale.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Iguanodon_scale.png/330px-Iguanodon_scale.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Iguanodon_scale.png/440px-Iguanodon_scale.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="278" /></a><figcaption>Size of Iguanodon bernissartensis compared to a human</figcaption></figure> Iguanodon were bulky herbivores that could shift from <a href="/wiki/Bipedalism" title="Bipedalism">bipedality</a> to <a href="/wiki/Quadruped" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadruped">quadrupedality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> The only well-supported species, I. bernissartensis, is estimated to have measured about 9 metres (30 feet) long as an adult, with some specimens possibly as long as 13 metres (43 feet),<a href="#cite_note-NM01-11">[11]</a> although this is likely an overestimate, given that the maximum body length of I. bernissartensis is reported to be 11 m (36 ft).<a href="#cite_note-indvar-47">[47]</a> Although Gregory S. Paul suggested a body mass of 3.08 metric tons (3.40 short tons) on average,<a href="#cite_note-DFG97-10">[10]</a> constructing a 3D mathematical model and employing <a href="/wiki/Allometry" title="Allometry">allometry</a>-based estimate suggests an I. bernissartensis close to 8 m (26 ft) long (smaller than average) weighs close to 3.8 metric tons (4.2 short tons) in body mass.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Specimens of relatively large individuals have been reported in the 2020s: a specimen referred to as I. cf. galvensis was measured up to 9–10 m (30–33 ft) in length,<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> while a new specimen of I. bernissartensis from the upper <a href="/wiki/Barremian" title="Barremian">Barremian</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> was measured up to 11 m (36 ft) in length.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Such large individuals would have weighed approximately 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons).<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iguanodon_Skeletal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Iguanodon_Skeletal.svg/220px-Iguanodon_Skeletal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Iguanodon_Skeletal.svg/330px-Iguanodon_Skeletal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Iguanodon_Skeletal.svg/440px-Iguanodon_Skeletal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9189" data-file-height="3583" /></a><figcaption>Modern skeletal diagram of I. bernissartensis</figcaption></figure>The arms of I. bernissartensis were long (up to 75% the length of the legs) and robust,<a href="#cite_note-NM01-11">[11]</a> with rather inflexible hands built so that the three central fingers could bear weight.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> The thumbs were conical spikes that stuck out away from the three main digits. In early restorations, the spike was placed on the animal's nose. Later fossils revealed the true nature of the thumb spikes,<a href="#cite_note-DBN85b-27">[27]</a> although their exact function is still debated. They could have been used for defense, or for foraging for food. The <a href="/wiki/Little_finger" title="Little finger">little finger</a> was elongated and dextrous, and could have been used to manipulate objects. The phalangeal formula is 2-3-3-2-4, meaning that the innermost finger (phalange) has two bones, the next has three, etc.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The legs were powerful, but not built for running, and each foot had three toes. The backbone and tail were supported and stiffened by <a href="/wiki/Ossification" title="Ossification">ossified</a> <a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">tendons</a>, which were tendons that turned to bone during life (these rod-like bones are usually omitted from skeletal mounts and drawings).<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> These animals had large, tall but narrow skulls, with toothless <a href="/wiki/Beak" title="Beak">beaks</a> probably covered with <a href="/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">keratin</a>, and teeth like those of <a href="/wiki/Iguana" title="Iguana">iguanas</a>, as the name suggests, but much larger and more closely packed.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> Unlike hadrosaurids, which had columns of replacement teeth, Iguanodon only had one replacement tooth at a time for each position. The <a href="/wiki/Maxilla" title="Maxilla">upper jaw</a> held up to 29 teeth per side, with none at the <a href="/wiki/Premaxilla" title="Premaxilla">front of the jaw</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">lower jaw</a> 25; the numbers differ because teeth in the lower jaw are broader than those in the upper.<a href="#cite_note-NW90-55">[55]</a> Because the tooth rows are deeply inset from the outside of the jaws, and because of other anatomical details, it is believed that, as with most other ornithischians, Iguanodon had some sort of <a href="/wiki/Cheek" title="Cheek">cheek</a>-like structure, muscular or non-muscular, to retain food in the mouth.<a href="#cite_note-PMG73-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-FS04-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification_and_evolution">Classification and evolution</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Classification and evolution">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iguanodontia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iguanodontia">Iguanodontia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iguanodon_NT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Iguanodon_NT.jpg/220px-Iguanodon_NT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Iguanodon_NT.jpg/330px-Iguanodon_NT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Iguanodon_NT.jpg/440px-Iguanodon_NT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="278" /></a><figcaption>Life restoration of I. bernissartensis</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iguanodon_galvensis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Iguanodon_galvensis.png/220px-Iguanodon_galvensis.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Iguanodon_galvensis.png/330px-Iguanodon_galvensis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Iguanodon_galvensis.png/440px-Iguanodon_galvensis.png 2x" data-file-width="7568" data-file-height="5360" /></a><figcaption>Life restoration of I. galvensis</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ornithopods_jconway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ornithopods_jconway.jpg/220px-Ornithopods_jconway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ornithopods_jconway.jpg/330px-Ornithopods_jconway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ornithopods_jconway.jpg/440px-Ornithopods_jconway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Restoration of I. bernissartensis (second from left) among other <a href="/wiki/Ornithopods" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithopods">ornithopods</a></figcaption></figure> Iguanodon gives its name to the <a href="/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy" title="Linnaean taxonomy">unranked</a> <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> <a href="/wiki/Iguanodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Iguanodont">Iguanodontia</a>, a very populous group of ornithopods with many species known from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Jurassic" title="Middle Jurassic">Middle Jurassic</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a>. Aside from Iguanodon, the best-known members of the clade include <a href="/wiki/Dryosaurus" title="Dryosaurus">Dryosaurus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camptosaurus" title="Camptosaurus">Camptosaurus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ouranosaurus" title="Ouranosaurus">Ouranosaurus</a>, and the duck-bills, or <a href="/wiki/Hadrosaurid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadrosaurid">hadrosaurs</a>. In older sources, Iguanodontidae was shown as a distinct <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PMG74-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-DBN85d-59">[59]</a> This family traditionally has been something of a <a href="/wiki/Wastebasket_taxon" title="Wastebasket taxon">wastebasket taxon</a>, including ornithopods that were neither hypsilophodontids or hadrosaurids. In practice, animals like <a href="/wiki/Callovosaurus" title="Callovosaurus">Callovosaurus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camptosaurus" title="Camptosaurus">Camptosaurus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craspedodon" title="Craspedodon">Craspedodon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kangnasaurus" title="Kangnasaurus">Kangnasaurus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mochlodon" title="Mochlodon">Mochlodon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muttaburrasaurus" title="Muttaburrasaurus">Muttaburrasaurus</a>, Ouranosaurus, and <a href="/wiki/Probactrosaurus" title="Probactrosaurus">Probactrosaurus</a> were usually assigned to this family.<a href="#cite_note-DBN85d-59">[59]</a> With the advent of <a href="/wiki/Cladistics" title="Cladistics">cladistic analyses</a>, Iguanodontidae as traditionally construed was shown to be <a href="/wiki/Paraphyly" title="Paraphyly">paraphyletic</a>, and these animals are recognised to fall at different points in relation to hadrosaurs on a <a href="/wiki/Cladistics#Cladograms" title="Cladistics">cladogram</a>, instead of in a single distinct clade.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-NW90-55">[55]</a> Essentially, the modern concept of Iguanodontidae currently includes only Iguanodon. Groups like Iguanodontoidea are still used as unranked clades in the scientific literature, though many traditional iguanodontids are now included in the superfamily <a href="/wiki/Hadrosauroidea" title="Hadrosauroidea">Hadrosauroidea</a>. Iguanodon lies between Camptosaurus and Ouranosaurus in cladograms, and is probably descended from a camptosaur-like animal.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> At one point, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Horner_(paleontologist)" title="Jack Horner (paleontologist)">Jack Horner</a> suggested, based mostly on skull <a href="/wiki/Synapomorphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapomorphy">features</a>, that hadrosaurids actually formed two more distantly related groups, with Iguanodon on the line to the flat-headed <a href="/wiki/Saurolophinae" title="Saurolophinae">hadrosaurines</a>, and Ouranosaurus on the line to the crested <a href="/wiki/Lambeosaurinae" title="Lambeosaurinae">lambeosaurines</a>,<a href="#cite_note-JRH90-60">[60]</a> but his proposal has been rejected.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-NW90-55">[55]</a> The cladogram below follows an analysis by Andrew McDonald, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-McDonaldUpdate-61">[61]</a> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:80%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Iguanodontia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iguanodontia">Iguanodontia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Rhabdodontidae" title="Rhabdodontidae">Rhabdodontidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Tenontosaurus" title="Tenontosaurus">Tenontosaurus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Dryomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryomorpha">Dryomorpha</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Dryosauridae" title="Dryosauridae">Dryosauridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Ankylopollexia" title="Ankylopollexia">Ankylopollexia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Camptosaurus" title="Camptosaurus">Camptosaurus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Styracosterna" class="mw-redirect" title="Styracosterna">Styracosterna</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Uteodon" title="Uteodon">Uteodon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Hippodraco" title="Hippodraco">Hippodraco</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Theiophytalia" title="Theiophytalia">Theiophytalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Iguanacolossus" title="Iguanacolossus">Iguanacolossus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Lanzhousaurus" title="Lanzhousaurus">Lanzhousaurus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Kukufeldia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kukufeldia">Kukufeldia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Barilium" title="Barilium">Barilium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Hadrosauriformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadrosauriformes">Hadrosauriformes</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Iguanodon </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Hadrosauroidea" title="Hadrosauroidea">Hadrosauroidea</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Mantellisaurus" title="Mantellisaurus">Mantellisaurus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xuwulong" title="Xuwulong">Xuwulong</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species">Species</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Species">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marsh_Iguanodon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Marsh_Iguanodon.jpg/220px-Marsh_Iguanodon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Marsh_Iguanodon.jpg/330px-Marsh_Iguanodon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Marsh_Iguanodon.jpg/440px-Marsh_Iguanodon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2191" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption>Skeletal restoration of I. bernissartensis by <a href="/wiki/Othniel_Charles_Marsh" title="Othniel Charles Marsh">O. C. Marsh</a>, 1896</figcaption></figure> Because Iguanodon is one of the first dinosaur genera to have been named, numerous species have been assigned to it. While never becoming the wastebasket taxon several other early genera of dinosaurs (such as Megalosaurus) became, Iguanodon has had a complicated history, and its taxonomy continues to undergo revisions.<a href="#cite_note-GSP07-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-GSP08-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-DBN98-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-NB02-64">[64]</a> Although Gregory Paul recommended restricting I. bernissartensis to the famous sample from Bernissart, ornithopod workers like Norman and McDonald have disagreed with Paul's recommendations, except exercising caution when accepting records of Iguanodon from France and Spain as valid.<a href="#cite_note-GSP08-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Francisco_J._Verdú_2015-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> I. anglicus was the original <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Lectotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Lectotype">lectotype</a> was based on a single tooth and only partial remains of the species have been recovered since. In March 2000, the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</a> changed the type species to the much better known I. bernissartensis, with the new holotype being IRSNB 1534. The original Iguanodon tooth is held at <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_New_Zealand_Te_Papa_Tongarewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa">Te Papa Tongarewa</a>, the national museum of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, although it is not on display. The fossil arrived in New Zealand following the move of Gideon Mantell's son Walter there; after the elder Mantell's death, his fossils went to Walter.<a href="#cite_note-RSNZ-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species_currently_accepted_as_valid">Species currently accepted as valid</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Species currently accepted as valid">edit</a>]</div> Only two species assigned to Iguanodon are still considered to be valid.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-GSP08-42">[42]</a> <ul><li>I. bernissartensis, described by <a href="/wiki/George_Albert_Boulenger" title="George Albert Boulenger">George Albert Boulenger</a> in 1881, is the type species for the genus. This species is best known for the many skeletons discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Barbe_Clays_Formation" title="Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation">Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation</a> at Bernissart, but is also known from remains across <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. <ul><li>Delapparentia turolensis, named in <a href="/wiki/2011_in_paleontology" title="2011 in paleontology">2011</a><a href="#cite_note-omenaca11-3">[3]</a> based on a specimen previously assigned to Iguanodon bernissartensis,<a href="#cite_note-deLapparent-67">[67]</a> was argued to be distinct from the latter based on the relative height of its <a href="/wiki/Vertebra#structure" title="Vertebra">neural spines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gasca-68">[68]</a> However, a 2017 study noted that this is easily within the range of individual variation, and that the difference may also arise from D. turolensis being an adult older than other specimens of I. bernissartensis.<a href="#cite_note-indvar-47">[47]</a></li> <li>I. seelyi (also incorrectly spelled I. seeleyi), described by <a href="/wiki/John_Hulke" title="John Hulke">John Hulke</a> in 1882, has also been synonymised with Iguanodon bernissartensis, though this is not universally accepted. It was discovered in Brook, on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>, and named after <a href="/wiki/Charles_Seely_(politician,_born_1803)" title="Charles Seely (politician, born 1803)">Charles Seely MP</a>, Liberal politician and philanthropist, on whose estate it was found.<a href="#cite_note-GSP08-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-DNDM08-69">[69]</a></li> <li>David Norman has suggested that I. bernissartensis includes the <a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">dubious</a> Mongolian I. orientalis (see also below),<a href="#cite_note-DBN96-70">[70]</a> but this has not been followed by other researchers.<a href="#cite_note-GSP08-42">[42]</a></li></ul></li> <li>I. galvensis, described in 2015, is based on adult and juvenile remains found in <a href="/wiki/Barremian" title="Barremian">Barremian</a>-age deposits in <a href="/wiki/Teruel" title="Teruel">Teruel</a>, Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Francisco_J._Verdú_2015-2">[2]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reassigned_species_of_Iguanodon">Reassigned species of Iguanodon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reassigned species of Iguanodon">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mantellisaurus_left_side.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mantellisaurus_left_side.jpeg/220px-Mantellisaurus_left_side.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mantellisaurus_left_side.jpeg/330px-Mantellisaurus_left_side.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mantellisaurus_left_side.jpeg/440px-Mantellisaurus_left_side.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption>Mounted skeleton of <a href="/wiki/Mantellisaurus" title="Mantellisaurus">Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumnoria_incomplete_skeleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cumnoria_incomplete_skeleton.jpg/220px-Cumnoria_incomplete_skeleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cumnoria_incomplete_skeleton.jpg/330px-Cumnoria_incomplete_skeleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cumnoria_incomplete_skeleton.jpg/440px-Cumnoria_incomplete_skeleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2088" data-file-height="1532" /></a><figcaption>Mounted skeleton of <a href="/wiki/Cumnoria" title="Cumnoria">Cumnoria prestwichii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Oxford University Museum of Natural History">Oxford University Museum of Natural History</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>I. albinus (or Albisaurus scutifer), described by <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> <a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">palaeontologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Fritsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonin Fritsch">Antonin Fritsch</a> in 1893, is a dubious nondinosaurian <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptile</a> now known as <a href="/wiki/Albisaurus" title="Albisaurus">Albisaurus albinus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WB88-71">[71]</a></li> <li>I. atherfieldensis, described by <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Hooley" title="Reginald Hooley">R.W. Hooley</a> in 1925,<a href="#cite_note-RWH25-38">[38]</a> was smaller and less robust than I. bernissartensis, with longer neural spines. It was renamed <a href="/wiki/Mantellisaurus" title="Mantellisaurus">Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis</a> in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-GSP07-62">[62]</a> The Bernissart specimen RBINS 1551 was described as Dollodon bampingi in 2008, but McDonald and Norman returned Dollodon to synonymy with Mantellisaurus.<a href="#cite_note-DBN10-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2011-72">[72]</a></li> <li>I. dawsoni, described by Lydekker in 1888,<a href="#cite_note-RL88-73">[73]</a> is known from two partial skeletons found in <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>,<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> from the middle <a href="/wiki/Valanginian" title="Valanginian">Valanginian</a>-age <a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Lower Cretaceous</a> <a href="/wiki/Wadhurst_Clay" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadhurst Clay">Wadhurst Clay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GSP08-42">[42]</a> It is now the type species of <a href="/wiki/Barilium" title="Barilium">Barilium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DBN10-46">[46]</a></li> <li>I. exogyrarum was described by Fritsch in 1878. It is a nomen dubium based on very poor material and was renamed <a href="/wiki/Ponerosteus" title="Ponerosteus">Ponerosteus</a> in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-GO00-74">[74]</a></li> <li>I. fittoni was described by Lydekker in 1889.<a href="#cite_note-RL89-75">[75]</a> Like I. dawsoni, this species was described from the Wadhurst Clay<a href="#cite_note-GSP08-42">[42]</a> of East Sussex.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> It is now the type species of <a href="/wiki/Hypselospinus" title="Hypselospinus">Hypselospinus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DBN10-46">[46]</a></li> <li>I. hilli, coined by Edwin Tully Newton in 1892 for a tooth from the early <a href="/wiki/Cenomanian" title="Cenomanian">Cenomanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Upper Cretaceous</a> Lower Chalk of <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a>, has been considered an early <a href="/wiki/Hadrosaurid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadrosaurid">hadrosaurid</a> of some sort.<a href="#cite_note-HWF04-76">[76]</a> However, recent work places it as indeterminate beyond <a href="/wiki/Hadrosauroidea" title="Hadrosauroidea">Hadrosauroidea</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Hadrosauridae" title="Hadrosauridae">Hadrosauridae</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li>I. hoggi (also spelled I. boggii or hoggii), named by Owen for a lower jaw from the <a href="/wiki/Tithonian" title="Tithonian">Tithonian</a>–<a href="/wiki/Berriasian" title="Berriasian">Berriasian</a>-age <a href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" title="Late Jurassic">Upper Jurassic</a>–<a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Lower Cretaceous</a> <a href="/wiki/Purbeck_Beds" class="mw-redirect" title="Purbeck Beds">Purbeck Beds</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a> in 1874, has been reassigned to its own genus, <a href="/wiki/Owenodon" title="Owenodon">Owenodon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PMG09-78">[78]</a></li> <li>I. hollingtoniensis (also spelled I. hollingtonensis), described by Lydekker in 1889, has variously been considered a synonym of Hypselospinus fittoni<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-DBN10-46">[46]</a> or a distinct species assigned to the genus <a href="/wiki/Huxleysaurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Huxleysaurus">Huxleysaurus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-paul2012-18">[18]</a> A specimen from the <a href="/wiki/Valanginian" title="Valanginian">Valanginian</a> <a href="/wiki/Wadhurst_Clay_Formation" title="Wadhurst Clay Formation">Wadhurst Clay Formation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-paul2012-18">[18]</a> variously assigned to I. hollingtoniensis and I. mantelli over the years, has an unusual combination of hadrosaurid-like lower jaw and very robust forelimb;<a href="#cite_note-GSP08-42">[42]</a> Norman (2010) assigned this specimen to the species Hypselospinus fittoni,<a href="#cite_note-DBN10-46">[46]</a> while Paul (2012) made it the holotype of a separate species <a href="/wiki/Darwinsaurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinsaurus">Darwinsaurus evolutionis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-paul2012-18">[18]</a></li> <li>I. lakotaensis was described by <a href="/wiki/David_B._Weishampel" title="David B. Weishampel">David B. Weishampel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_R._Bjork" title="Philip R. Bjork">Philip R. Bjork</a> in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-WB89-79">[79]</a> The only well-accepted <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North American</a> species of Iguanodon, I. lakotaensis was described from a partial skull from the <a href="/wiki/Barremian" title="Barremian">Barremian</a>-age <a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Lower Cretaceous</a> <a href="/wiki/Lakota_Formation" title="Lakota Formation">Lakota Formation</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>. Its assignment has been controversial. Some researchers suggest that it was more <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> than I. bernissartensis, and related to <a href="/wiki/Theiophytalia" title="Theiophytalia">Theiophytalia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BC07-80">[80]</a> but David Norman has suggested that it was a <a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">synonym</a> of I. bernissartensis.<a href="#cite_note-DBN98-63">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gregory_S._Paul" title="Gregory S. Paul">Gregory S. Paul</a> has since given the species its own genus, <a href="/wiki/Dakotadon" title="Dakotadon">Dakotadon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GSP08-42">[42]</a></li> <li>I. mantelli described by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Erich_Hermann_von_Meyer" title="Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer">Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer</a> in 1832, was based on the same material as I. anglicus<a href="#cite_note-GO97-12">[12]</a> and is an objective junior synonym of the latter.<a href="#cite_note-Wealdenornithopods-81">[81]</a> Several taxa, including the holotype of <a href="/wiki/Mantellisaurus" title="Mantellisaurus">Mantellisaurus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mantellodon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantellodon">Mantellodon</a>, but also the dubious hadrosauroid Trachodon cantabrigiensis the hypsilophodont <a href="/wiki/Hypsilophodon" title="Hypsilophodon">Hypsilophodon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valdosaurus" title="Valdosaurus">Valdosaurus</a>, were previously mis-assigned to I. mantelli.</li> <li>"I. mongolensis" is a <a href="/wiki/Nomen_nudum" title="Nomen nudum">nomen nudum</a> from a photo caption in a book by Whitfield in 1992<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> of remains that would later be named Altirhinus.<a href="#cite_note-GOASIA-83">[83]</a></li> <li>I. orientalis, described by <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Konstantinovich_Rozhdestvensky" title="Anatoly Konstantinovich Rozhdestvensky">A. K. Rozhdestvensky</a> in 1952,<a href="#cite_note-AKR52-84">[84]</a> was based on poor material, but a skull with a distinctive arched snout that had been assigned to it was renamed <a href="/wiki/Altirhinus" title="Altirhinus">Altirhinus kurzanovi</a> in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-DBN98-63">[63]</a> At the same time, I. orientalis was considered to be a nomen dubium because it cannot be compared to I. bernissartensis.<a href="#cite_note-DBN98-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-DBN96-70">[70]</a></li> <li>I. phillipsi was described by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Seeley" title="Harry Seeley">Harry Seeley</a> in 1869,<a href="#cite_note-HGS69-85">[85]</a> but he later reassigned it to <a href="/wiki/Priodontognathus" title="Priodontognathus">Priodontognathus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HGS75-86">[86]</a></li> <li>I. praecursor (also spelled I. precursor), described by E. Sauvage in 1876 from teeth from an unnamed <a href="/wiki/Kimmeridgian" title="Kimmeridgian">Kimmeridgian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" title="Late Jurassic">Late Jurassic</a>) <a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_formations" title="List of rock formations">formation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, is actually a <a href="/wiki/Sauropoda" title="Sauropoda">sauropod</a>, sometimes assigned to <a href="/wiki/Neosodon" title="Neosodon">Neosodon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-HS88-87">[87]</a> although the two come from different formations.<a href="#cite_note-UBD04-88">[88]</a></li> <li>I. prestwichii (also spelled I. prestwichi), described by <a href="/wiki/John_Hulke" title="John Hulke">John Hulke</a> in 1880, has been reassigned to <a href="/wiki/Camptosaurus" title="Camptosaurus">Camptosaurus prestwichii</a> or to its own genus <a href="/wiki/Cumnoria" title="Cumnoria">Cumnoria</a>.</li> <li>I. suessii, described by <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Bunzel" title="Emanuel Bunzel">Emanuel Bunzel</a> in 1871, has been reassigned to <a href="/wiki/Mochlodon" title="Mochlodon">Mochlodon suessi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species_reassigned_to_Iguanodon">Species reassigned to Iguanodon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Species reassigned to Iguanodon">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>I. foxii (also spelled I. foxi) was originally described by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Thomas Henry Huxley</a> in 1869 as the type species of Hypsilophodon; Owen (1873 or 1874) reassigned it to Iguanodon, but his assignment was soon overturned.<a href="#cite_note-HW85-89">[89]</a></li> <li>I. gracilis, named by Lydekker in 1888 as the type species of Sphenospondylus and assigned to Iguanodon in 1969 by Rodney Steel, has been suggested to be a synonym of Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis,<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> but is considered dubious nowadays.<a href="#cite_note-DBN86-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2011-72">[72]</a></li> <li>I. major, a species named by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Delair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justin Delair (page does not exist)">Justin Delair</a> in 1966,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> based on vertebrae from the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a> originally described by Owen in 1842 as a species of <a href="/wiki/Streptospondylus" title="Streptospondylus">Streptospondylus</a>, S. major, is a <a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">nomen dubium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DNDM08-69">[69]</a></li> <li>I. valdensis, a renaming of Vectisaurus valdensis by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_van_den_Broeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst van den Broeck (page does not exist)">Ernst van den Broeck</a> in 1900.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Originally named by Hulke as a distinct genus in 1879 based on vertebral and <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvic</a> remains, it was from the <a href="/wiki/Barremian" title="Barremian">Barremian</a> <a href="/wiki/Stage_(stratigraphy)" title="Stage (stratigraphy)">stage</a> of the Isle of Wight.<a href="#cite_note-Galton-92">[92]</a> It was considered a juvenile specimen of Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis,<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> or an undetermined species of Mantellisaurus,<a href="#cite_note-GSP08-42">[42]</a> but is indeterminate beyond Iguanodontia.<a href="#cite_note-McDonald2011-72">[72]</a></li> <li>The nomen nudum "Proiguanodon" (van den Broeck, 1900) also belongs here.<a href="#cite_note-GO99-94">[94]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dubious_species">Dubious species</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Dubious species">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Original_Iguanodon_teeth_and_thumb_spike.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Original_Iguanodon_teeth_and_thumb_spike.jpg/220px-Original_Iguanodon_teeth_and_thumb_spike.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Original_Iguanodon_teeth_and_thumb_spike.jpg/330px-Original_Iguanodon_teeth_and_thumb_spike.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Original_Iguanodon_teeth_and_thumb_spike.jpg/440px-Original_Iguanodon_teeth_and_thumb_spike.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Original I. anglicus teeth and thumb spike described by Mantell</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>I. anglicus, described by Friedrich Holl in 1829,<a href="#cite_note-FH29-13">[13]</a> is the original type species of Iguanodon, but, as discussed above, was replaced by I. bernissartensis. In the past, it has been spelled as I. angelicus (Lessem and Glut, 1993) and I. anglicum (Holl, 1829 <a href="/wiki/Emendation_(taxonomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emendation (taxonomy)">emend.</a> Bronn, 1850). It is possible teeth ascribed to this species belong to the genus now called <a href="/wiki/Barilium" title="Barilium">Barilium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-norman2011a-95">[95]</a> The name Therosaurus (Fitzinger, 1840),<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Junior_objective_synonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior objective synonym">junior objective synonym</a>, a later name for the material of I. anglicus.</li> <li>I. ottingeri, described by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Galton" title="Peter Galton">Peter Galton</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_A._Jensen" title="James A. Jensen">James A. Jensen</a> in 1979, is a nomen dubium based on teeth from the possibly <a href="/wiki/Aptian" title="Aptian">Aptian</a>-age lower Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah.<a href="#cite_note-galton1979-97">[97]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palaeobiology">Palaeobiology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Palaeobiology">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feeding">Feeding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Feeding">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iguanodon_bernissartensis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Iguanodon_bernissartensis.jpg/220px-Iguanodon_bernissartensis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Iguanodon_bernissartensis.jpg/330px-Iguanodon_bernissartensis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Iguanodon_bernissartensis.jpg/440px-Iguanodon_bernissartensis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2658" data-file-height="1891" /></a><figcaption>I. bernissartensis skull and neck</figcaption></figure> One of the first details noted about Iguanodon was that it had the teeth of a <a href="/wiki/Herbivory" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivory">herbivorous</a> reptile,<a href="#cite_note-GM25-1">[1]</a> although there has not always been consensus on how it ate. As Mantell noted, the remains he was working with were unlike any modern reptile, especially in the toothless, scoop-shaped form of the lower jaw <a href="/wiki/Symphysis_menti" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphysis menti">symphysis</a>, which he found best compared to that of the <a href="/wiki/Two-toed_sloth" title="Two-toed sloth">two-toed sloth</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a> ground sloth <a href="/wiki/Mylodon" title="Mylodon">Mylodon</a>. He also suggested that Iguanodon had a <a href="/wiki/Prehensility" title="Prehensility">prehensile</a> <a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">tongue</a> which could be used to gather food,<a href="#cite_note-GM48-98">[98]</a> like a <a href="/wiki/Giraffe" title="Giraffe">giraffe</a>. More complete remains have shown this to be an error; for example, the <a href="/wiki/Hyoid_bone" title="Hyoid bone">hyoid bones</a> that supported the tongue are heavily built, implying a muscular, non-prehensile tongue used for moving food around in the mouth.<a href="#cite_note-DBN80-40">[40]</a> The giraffe-tongue idea has also been incorrectly attributed to Dollo via a broken lower jaw.<a href="#cite_note-DBN85c-99">[99]</a> The skull was structured in such a way that as it closed, the bones holding the teeth in the upper jaw would bow out. This would cause the lower surfaces of the upper jaw teeth to rub against the upper surface of the lower jaw's teeth, grinding anything caught in between and providing an action that is the rough equivalent of mammalian <a href="/wiki/Chewing" title="Chewing">chewing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DBW84-39">[39]</a> Because the teeth were always replaced, the animal could have used this mechanism throughout its life, and could eat tough <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plant</a> material.<a href="#cite_note-RTB86-100">[100]</a> Additionally, the front ends of the animal's jaws were toothless and tipped with bony nodes, both upper and lower,<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> providing a rough margin that was likely covered and lengthened by a keratinous material to form a cropping beak for biting off <a href="/wiki/Twig" title="Twig">twigs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoot_(botany)" title="Shoot (botany)">shoots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DBN85b-27">[27]</a> Its food gathering would have been aided by its flexible little finger, which could have been used to manipulate objects, unlike the other fingers.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_of_an_Iguanodon_28-12-2007_15-22-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hand_of_an_Iguanodon_28-12-2007_15-22-03.jpg/170px-Hand_of_an_Iguanodon_28-12-2007_15-22-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hand_of_an_Iguanodon_28-12-2007_15-22-03.jpg/255px-Hand_of_an_Iguanodon_28-12-2007_15-22-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hand_of_an_Iguanodon_28-12-2007_15-22-03.jpg/340px-Hand_of_an_Iguanodon_28-12-2007_15-22-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="1070" /></a><figcaption>A hand in Brussels; the extended digit is the prehensile fifth finger</figcaption></figure> Exactly what Iguanodon ate with its well-developed jaws is not known. The size of the larger species, such as I. bernissartensis, would have allowed them access to food from ground level to <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">tree</a> <a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">foliage</a> at 4–5 metres (13–16 ft) high.<a href="#cite_note-NM01-11">[11]</a> A diet of <a href="/wiki/Equisetum" title="Equisetum">horsetails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">cycads</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">conifers</a> was suggested by David Norman,<a href="#cite_note-DBN85b-27">[27]</a> although iguanodonts in general have been tied to the advance of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">angiosperm</a> plants in the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> due to the dinosaurs' inferred low-browsing habits. Angiosperm growth, according to this <a href="/wiki/Hypothesis" title="Hypothesis">hypothesis</a>, would have been encouraged by iguanodont feeding because gymnosperms would be removed, allowing more space for the <a href="/wiki/Weed" title="Weed">weed</a>-like early angiosperms to grow.<a href="#cite_note-RTB86b-101">[101]</a> The evidence is not conclusive, though.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-BW01-102">[102]</a> Whatever its exact diet, due to its size and abundance, Iguanodon is regarded as a dominant medium to large herbivore for its <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecological communities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> In England, this included the small predator <a href="/wiki/Aristosuchus" title="Aristosuchus">Aristosuchus</a>, larger predators <a href="/wiki/Eotyrannus" title="Eotyrannus">Eotyrannus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baryonyx" title="Baryonyx">Baryonyx</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neovenator" title="Neovenator">Neovenator</a>, low-feeding herbivores <a href="/wiki/Hypsilophodon" title="Hypsilophodon">Hypsilophodon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valdosaurus" title="Valdosaurus">Valdosaurus</a>, fellow "iguanodontid" <a href="/wiki/Mantellisaurus" title="Mantellisaurus">Mantellisaurus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Armour_(zoology)" title="Armour (zoology)">armoured</a> herbivore <a href="/wiki/Polacanthus" title="Polacanthus">Polacanthus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sauropod" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauropod">sauropods</a> like <a href="/wiki/Pelorosaurus" title="Pelorosaurus">Pelorosaurus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DBWetal04-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Posture_and_movement">Posture and movement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Posture and movement">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iguanodon_feeding.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Iguanodon_feeding.jpg/170px-Iguanodon_feeding.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Iguanodon_feeding.jpg/255px-Iguanodon_feeding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Iguanodon_feeding.jpg/340px-Iguanodon_feeding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="2196" /></a><figcaption>Nineteenth-century painting showing I. bernissartensis in outdated tripod pose</figcaption></figure> Early fossil remains were fragmentary, which led to much speculation on the posture and nature of Iguanodon. Iguanodon was initially portrayed as a quadrupedal horn-nosed beast. However, as more bones were discovered, Mantell observed that the forelimbs were much smaller than the hindlimbs. His rival Owen was of the opinion it was a stumpy creature with four pillar-like legs. The job of overseeing the first lifesize reconstruction of dinosaurs was initially offered to Mantell, who declined due to poor health, and Owen's vision subsequently formed the basis on which the sculptures took shape. Its bipedal nature was revealed with the discovery of the Bernissart skeletons. However, it was depicted in an upright posture, with the tail dragging along the ground, acting as the third leg of a tripod.<a href="#cite_note-DBN05-104">[104]</a> During his re-examination of Iguanodon, David Norman was able to show that this posture was unlikely, because the long tail was stiffened with ossified tendons.<a href="#cite_note-DBN80-40">[40]</a> To get the tripodal pose, the tail would literally have to be broken.<a href="#cite_note-DBN85b-27">[27]</a> Putting the animal in a horizontal posture makes many aspects of the arms and <a href="/wiki/Pectoral_girdle" class="mw-redirect" title="Pectoral girdle">pectoral girdle</a> more understandable. For example, the hand is relatively immobile, with the three central fingers grouped together, bearing <a href="/wiki/Hoof" title="Hoof">hoof</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Phalanx_bone" title="Phalanx bone">phalanges</a>, and able to <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion" title="Anatomical terms of motion">hyperextend</a>. This would have allowed them to bear weight. The <a href="/wiki/Wrist" title="Wrist">wrist</a> is also relatively immobile, and the arms and shoulder bones robust. These features all suggest that the animal spent time on all fours.<a href="#cite_note-DBN80-40">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2011-07-09_gasometer_38.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2011-07-09_gasometer_38.JPG/220px-2011-07-09_gasometer_38.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2011-07-09_gasometer_38.JPG/330px-2011-07-09_gasometer_38.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2011-07-09_gasometer_38.JPG/440px-2011-07-09_gasometer_38.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Assigned track from Germany</figcaption></figure> Furthermore, it appears that Iguanodon became more quadrupedal as it got older and heavier; <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_(organism)" title="Juvenile (organism)">juvenile</a> I. bernissartensis have shorter arms than adults (60% of hindlimb length versus 70% for adults).<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> When walking as a quadruped, the animal's hands would have been held so that the <a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">palms</a> faced each other, as shown by iguanodontian trackways and the anatomy of this genus's arms and hands.<a href="#cite_note-JLW96-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-JLW99-106">[106]</a> The three-toed <a href="/wiki/Pes_(anatomy)" title="Pes (anatomy)">pes</a> (foot) of Iguanodon was relatively long, and when walking, both the hand and the foot would have been used in a <a href="/wiki/Digitigrade" title="Digitigrade">digitigrade</a> fashion (walking on the fingers and toes).<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> The maximum speed of Iguanodon has been estimated at 24 km/h (15 mph),<a href="#cite_note-WPCJ78-107">[107]</a> which would have been as a biped; it would not have been able to <a href="/wiki/Horse_gallop" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse gallop">gallop</a> as a quadruped.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> Large three-toed footprints are known in Early Cretaceous rocks of England, particularly <a href="/wiki/Wealden_Group" title="Wealden Group">Wealden</a> beds on the Isle of Wight, and these <a href="/wiki/Trace_fossil" title="Trace fossil">trace fossils</a> were originally difficult to interpret. Some authors associated them with dinosaurs early on. In 1846, E. Tagert went so far as to assign them to an <a href="/wiki/Ichnotaxon" title="Ichnotaxon">ichnogenus</a> he named Iguanodon,<a href="#cite_note-ET46-108">[108]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckles" title="Samuel Beckles">Samuel Beckles</a> noted in 1854 that they looked like bird tracks, but might have come from dinosaurs.<a href="#cite_note-SB54-109">[109]</a> The identity of the trackmakers was greatly clarified upon the discovery in 1857 of the hind leg of a young Iguanodon, with distinctly three-toed feet, showing that such dinosaurs could have made the tracks.<a href="#cite_note-RO58-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-LHL-111">[111]</a> Despite the lack of direct evidence, these tracks are often attributed to Iguanodon.<a href="#cite_note-DBN85b-27">[27]</a> A trackway in England shows what may be an Iguanodon moving on all fours, but the foot prints are poor, making a direct connection difficult.<a href="#cite_note-DBN80-40">[40]</a> Tracks assigned to the ichnogenus Iguanodon are known from locations including places in Europe where the body fossil Iguanodon is known, to <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DFG03-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-AFL62-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thumb_spike">Thumb spike</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Thumb spike">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iguanodon_manus_1_NHM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Iguanodon_manus_1_NHM.jpg/220px-Iguanodon_manus_1_NHM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Iguanodon_manus_1_NHM.jpg/330px-Iguanodon_manus_1_NHM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Iguanodon_manus_1_NHM.jpg/440px-Iguanodon_manus_1_NHM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1429" data-file-height="1374" /></a><figcaption>I. bernissartensis hand with spike</figcaption></figure> The thumb spike is one of the best-known features of Iguanodon. Although it was originally placed on the animal's nose by Mantell, the complete Bernissart specimens allowed Dollo to place it correctly on the hand, as a modified thumb.<a href="#cite_note-DBN05-104">[104]</a> (This would not be the last time a dinosaur's modified thumb claw would be misinterpreted; <a href="/wiki/Noasaurus" title="Noasaurus">Noasaurus</a>, Baryonyx, and <a href="/wiki/Megaraptor" title="Megaraptor">Megaraptor</a> are examples since the 1980s where an enlarged thumb claw was first put on the foot, as in <a href="/wiki/Dromaeosauridae" title="Dromaeosauridae">dromaeosaurids</a>.<a href="#cite_note-noasaurus-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-megaraptor1998-115">[115]</a>) This thumb is typically interpreted as a close-quarter <a href="/wiki/Stiletto" title="Stiletto">stiletto</a>-like weapon against predators,<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-DBN85b-27">[27]</a> although it could also have been used to break into <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seeds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a>,<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> or against other Iguanodon.<a href="#cite_note-NM01-11">[11]</a> One author has suggested that the spike was attached to a <a href="/wiki/Venom" title="Venom">venom</a> gland,<a href="#cite_note-EG87-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-MT77-117">[117]</a> but this has not been accepted, as the spike was not hollow,<a href="#cite_note-NM01-11">[11]</a> nor were there any grooves on the spike for conducting venom.<a href="#cite_note-DN98-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[nb 1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possible_social_behaviour">Possible social behaviour</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Possible social behaviour">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wessex_Formation_dinosaurs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Wessex_Formation_dinosaurs.jpg/220px-Wessex_Formation_dinosaurs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Wessex_Formation_dinosaurs.jpg/330px-Wessex_Formation_dinosaurs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Wessex_Formation_dinosaurs.jpg/440px-Wessex_Formation_dinosaurs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2760" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Restoration of an I. bernissartensis group, with other dinosaurs from the <a href="/wiki/Wessex_Formation" title="Wessex Formation">Wessex Formation</a></figcaption></figure> Although sometimes interpreted as the result of a single catastrophe, the Bernissart finds instead are now interpreted as recording multiple events. According to this interpretation, at least three occasions of mortality are recorded, and though numerous individuals would have died in a geologically short time span (?10–100 years),<a href="#cite_note-DBN87-29">[29]</a> this does not necessarily mean these Iguanodon were <a href="/wiki/Herd" title="Herd">herding</a> animals.<a href="#cite_note-DBN04-28">[28]</a> An argument against herding is that juvenile remains are very uncommon at this site, unlike modern cases with herd mortality. They more likely were the periodic victims of flash floods whose carcasses accumulated in a lake or marshy setting.<a href="#cite_note-DBN87-29">[29]</a> The Nehden find, however, with its greater span of individual ages, more even mix of Dollodon or Mantellisaurus to Iguanodon bernissartensis, and confined geographic nature, may record mortality of herding animals migrating through rivers.<a href="#cite_note-DBN87-29">[29]</a> There is no evidence that Iguanodon was <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexually dimorphic</a> (with one <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</a> appreciably different from the other).<a href="#cite_note-indvar-47">[47]</a> At one time, it was suggested that the Bernissart I. "mantelli", or I. atherfieldensis (Dollodon and Mantellisaurus, respectively) represented a sex, possibly <a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">female</a>, of the larger and more robust, possibly <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">male</a>, I. bernissartensis.<a href="#cite_note-VB78-120">[119]</a> However, this is not supported today.<a href="#cite_note-DBN85b-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-DBN80-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-GSP07-62">[62]</a> A 2017 analysis showed that I. bernissartensis does exhibit a large level of individual variation in both its limbs (<a href="/wiki/Scapula" title="Scapula">scapula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humerus" title="Humerus">humerus</a>, thumb claw, <a href="/wiki/Ilium_(bone)" title="Ilium (bone)">ilium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ischium" title="Ischium">ischium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Femur" title="Femur">femur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibia" title="Tibia">tibia</a>) and spinal column (<a href="/wiki/Axis_(anatomy)" title="Axis (anatomy)">axis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacrum" title="Sacrum">sacrum</a>, tail vertebrae). Additionally, this analysis found that individuals of I. bernissartensis generally seemed to fall into two categories based on whether their tail vertebrae bore a furrow on the bottom, and whether their thumb claws were large or small.<a href="#cite_note-indvar-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paleopathology">Paleopathology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Paleopathology">edit</a>]</div> Evidence of a <a href="/wiki/Fracture" title="Fracture">fractured</a> hip bone was found in a specimen of Iguanodon, which had an injury to its ischium. Two other individuals were observed with signs of <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</a> as evidenced by bone overgrowths in their anklebones which are called <a href="/wiki/Osteophyte" title="Osteophyte">osteophytes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rothschild06-121">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Page_187_(The_Lost_World,_1912).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Page_187_%28The_Lost_World%2C_1912%29.jpg/170px-Page_187_%28The_Lost_World%2C_1912%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Page_187_%28The_Lost_World%2C_1912%29.jpg/255px-Page_187_%28The_Lost_World%2C_1912%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Page_187_%28The_Lost_World%2C_1912%29.jpg/340px-Page_187_%28The_Lost_World%2C_1912%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1861" data-file-height="2191" /></a><figcaption>Iguanodon appearing in <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World_(Conan_Doyle_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lost World (Conan Doyle novel)">The Lost World</a></figcaption></figure> Since its description in 1825, Iguanodon has been a feature of worldwide <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a>. Two lifesize reconstructions of Mantellodon (considered Iguanodon at the time) built at the <a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace_Dinosaurs" class="mw-redirect" title="The Crystal Palace Dinosaurs">Crystal Palace</a> in London in 1852 greatly contributed to the popularity of the genus.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> Their thumb spikes were mistaken for horns, and they were depicted as elephant-like quadrupeds, yet this was the first time an attempt was made at constructing full-size dinosaur models. In 1910 <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Harder" title="Heinrich Harder">Heinrich Harder</a> portrayed a group of Iguanodon in Tiere der Urwelt, a classic German collecting card game about extinct and prehistoric animals. Several <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">motion pictures</a> have featured Iguanodon. In the 2000 <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Disney</a> animated film <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_(2000_film)" title="Dinosaur (2000 film)">Dinosaur</a>, an Iguanodon named Aladar served as the protagonist with three other iguanodonts as other main and minor characters are Neera, Kron and Bruton. A loosely related <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_(Disney%27s_Animal_Kingdom)" title="Dinosaur (Disney's Animal Kingdom)">ride of the same name</a> at <a href="/wiki/Disney%27s_Animal_Kingdom" title="Disney's Animal Kingdom">Disney's Animal Kingdom</a> is based around bringing an Iguanodon back to the present.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> Iguanodon is one of the three dinosaur genera that inspired <a href="/wiki/Godzilla" title="Godzilla">Godzilla</a>; the other two were <a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus_rex" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannosaurus rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stegosaurus" title="Stegosaurus">Stegosaurus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday-124">[123]</a> Iguanodon has also made appearances in some of the many <a href="/wiki/The_Land_Before_Time_(franchise)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Land Before Time (franchise)">The Land Before Time</a> films, as well as episodes of the <a href="/wiki/The_Land_Before_Time_(TV_series)" title="The Land Before Time (TV series)">television series</a>. Aside from appearances in movies, Iguanodon has also been featured on the <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> documentary miniseries <a href="/wiki/Walking_with_Dinosaurs" title="Walking with Dinosaurs">Walking with Dinosaurs</a> (1999) produced by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> (along with then-undescribed <a href="/wiki/Dakotadon" title="Dakotadon">Dakotadon lakotaensis</a>) and played a starring role in <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</a>'s book <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World_(Conan_Doyle_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lost World (Conan Doyle novel)">The Lost World</a> as well as featuring in the 2015 documentary <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Britain" title="Dinosaur Britain">Dinosaur Britain</a>. It also was present in <a href="/wiki/Bob_Bakker" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Bakker">Bob Bakker</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Raptor_Red" title="Raptor Red">Raptor Red</a> (1995), as a <a href="/wiki/Utahraptor" title="Utahraptor">Utahraptor</a> prey item. A <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">main belt</a> <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a>, 1989 CB3, has been named <a href="/wiki/9941_Iguanodon" class="mw-redirect" title="9941 Iguanodon">9941 Iguanodon</a> in honour of the genus.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-Williams-126">[125]</a> Because it is both one of the first dinosaurs described and one of the best-known dinosaurs, Iguanodon has been well-placed as a <a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">barometer</a> of changing public and scientific perceptions on dinosaurs. Its reconstructions have gone through three stages: the <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephantine</a> quadrupedal horn-snouted reptile satisfied the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorians</a>, then a bipedal but still fundamentally reptilian animal using its tail to prop itself up dominated the early 20th century, but was slowly overturned during the 1960s by its current, more agile and dynamic representation, able to shift from two legs to all fours.<a href="#cite_note-SGL00-127">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> Naish's works cite Tweedie (1977) as the source of the venomous spike proposal, but this work does not explicitly attribute venom to Iguanodon, only noting on page 69 that there is no hard-tissue evidence for venom in stingray tails and platypus spurs.<a href="#cite_note-MT77-117">[117]</a> Elting and Goodman (1987:46) explicitly report a venom spike proposal, attributing it to "one scientist".<a href="#cite_note-EG87-116">[116]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GM25-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GM25_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GM25_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GM25_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GM25_1-3">d</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMantell1825" class="citation journal cs1">Mantell, Gideon A. (1825). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1825.0010">"Notice on the Iguanodon, a newly discovered fossil reptile, from the sandstone of Tilgate forest, in Sussex"</a>. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 115: 179–186. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1825RSPT..115..179M">1825RSPT..115..179M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1825.0010">10.1098/rstl.1825.0010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-0523">0261-0523</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/107739">107739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Notice+on+the+Iguanodon%2C+a+newly+discovered+fossil+reptile%2C+from+the+sandstone+of+Tilgate+forest%2C+in+Sussex&rft.volume=115&rft.pages=179-186&rft.date=1825&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1825.0010&rft.issn=0261-0523&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F107739%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1825RSPT..115..179M&rft.aulast=Mantell&rft.aufirst=Gideon+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%252Frstl.1825.0010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIguanodon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Francisco_J._Verdú_2015-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Francisco_J._Verdú_2015_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francisco_J._Verdú_2015_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francisco_J._Verdú_2015_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francisco_J._Verdú_2015_2-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerdúRoyo-TorresCobosAlcalá2015" class="citation journal cs1">Verdú, Francisco J.; Royo-Torres, Rafael; Cobos, Alberto; Alcalá, Luis (2015). 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S. (2012). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gspauldino.com/Risingdiversity2011.pdf">Notes on the rising diversity of Iguanodont taxa, and Iguanodonts named after Darwin, Huxley, and evolutionary science</a>" Actas de V Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontología de Dinosaurios y su Entorno, Salas de los Infantes, Burgos. pp. 123–133. </li> <li id="cite_note-McDonald2012-19"><a href="#cite_ref-McDonald2012_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2012" class="citation journal cs1">McDonald, Andrew T. (2012). "The status of Dollodon and other basal iguanodonts (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the upper Wealden beds (Lower Cretaceous) of Europe". 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New York: Crescent Books. pp. 24–33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-46890-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-46890-6"><bdi>978-0-517-46890-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=To+Study+a+Dinosaur&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Dinosaurs%3A+An+Original+and+Compelling+Insight+into+Life+in+the+Dinosaur+Kingdom&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=24-33&rft.pub=Crescent+Books&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-517-46890-6&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=David+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIguanodon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DBN04-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN04_28-24">y</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_B._Norman" title="David B. 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Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dinosauriandedit00weis/page/n431">413</a>–437. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24209-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24209-8"><bdi>978-0-520-24209-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Basal+Iguanodontia&rft.btitle=The+Dinosauria&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=413-437&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-520-24209-8&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=David+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdinosauriandedit00weis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIguanodon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DBN87-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DBN87_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN87_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN87_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN87_29-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBN87_29-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman1987" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_B._Norman" title="David B. 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Retrieved 21 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Godzilla+arouses+atomic+terror&rft.date=2006-08-29&rft.aulast=Snider&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Flife%2Fmovies%2Fnews%2F2006-08-28-godzilla-dvd_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIguanodon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9941">"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 9941 Iguanodon (1989 CB3)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. Retrieved 10 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JPL+Small-Body+Database+Browser%3A+9941+Iguanodon+%281989+CB3%29&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fsbdb.cgi%3Fsstr%3D9941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIguanodon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams-126"><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams,_Gareth" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Gareth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/lists/MPNames.html">"Minor Planet Names: Alphabetical List"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Astrophysical_Observatory" title="Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory">Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory</a>. Retrieved 10 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minor+Planet+Names%3A+Alphabetical+List&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Astrophysical+Observatory&rft.au=Williams%2C+Gareth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfa.harvard.edu%2Fiau%2Flists%2FMPNames.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIguanodon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SGL00-127"><a href="#cite_ref-SGL00_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas2000" class="citation book cs1">Lucas, Spencer G. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dinosaurstextboo00luca/page/13">Dinosaurs: The Textbook</a>. Boston: McGraw-Hill. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dinosaurstextboo00luca/page/13">13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-303642-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-303642-7"><bdi>978-0-07-303642-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dinosaurs%3A+The+Textbook&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-07-303642-7&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Spencer+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdinosaurstextboo00luca%2Fpage%2F13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIguanodon" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iguanodon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Iguanodon">Iguanodon</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Iguanodon">Iguanodon</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior_Dinosaurs/Iguanodon" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Wikijunior Dinosaurs/Iguanodon">Wikijunior Dinosaurs/Iguanodon</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060113142619/http://www.dinohunters.com/Iguanodon/bernissart_page.htm">The Bernissart Iguanodons</a> (Iguanodon herd found in Belgium).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/212194">Mantell's Iguanodon tooth in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ornithopoda" title="Template:Ornithopoda"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ornithopoda" title="Template talk:Ornithopoda"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ornithopoda" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ornithopoda"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ornithopoda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ornithopoda" title="Ornithopoda">Ornithopoda</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Clade:_Dinosauria_*_Clade:_Ornithischia_*_Clade:_Neornithischia_*_Clade:_Cerapoda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Clade: <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosauria</a></li> <li>Clade: <a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></li> <li>Clade: <a href="/wiki/Neornithischia" title="Neornithischia">Neornithischia</a></li> <li>Clade: <a href="/wiki/Cerapoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerapoda">Cerapoda</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Avemetatarsalia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avemetatarsalia" title="Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Avemetatarsalia" title="Template:Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Ornithischia" title="Template:Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ornithopoda" title="Ornithopoda">Ornithopoda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Ornithopoda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ornithopoda" title="Ornithopoda">Ornithopoda</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ornithopoda" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Ornithopoda" title="Ornithopoda">Ornithopoda</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burianosaurus" title="Burianosaurus">Burianosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callovosaurus" title="Callovosaurus">Callovosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thescelosauridae" title="Thescelosauridae">Thescelosauridae</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypsilophodontidae" title="Hypsilophodontidae">Hypsilophodontidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gideonmantellia" title="Gideonmantellia">Gideonmantellia</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsilophodon" title="Hypsilophodon">Hypsilophodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vectidromeus" title="Vectidromeus">Vectidromeus</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elasmaria" title="Elasmaria">Elasmaria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabisetia" title="Anabisetia">Anabisetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlascopcosaurus" title="Atlascopcosaurus">Atlascopcosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakisaurus" title="Chakisaurus">Chakisaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diluvicursor" title="Diluvicursor">Diluvicursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fostoria_dhimbangunmal" title="Fostoria dhimbangunmal">Fostoria</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleonosaurus" title="Galleonosaurus">Galleonosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasparinisaura" title="Gasparinisaura">Gasparinisaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isasicursor" title="Isasicursor">Isasicursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangnasaurus" title="Kangnasaurus">Kangnasaurus</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaellynasaura" title="Leaellynasaura">Leaellynasaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrogryphosaurus" title="Macrogryphosaurus">Macrogryphosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahuidacursor" title="Mahuidacursor">Mahuidacursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrosaurus" title="Morrosaurus">Morrosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttaburrasaurus" title="Muttaburrasaurus">Muttaburrasaurus</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notohypsilophodon" title="Notohypsilophodon">Notohypsilophodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qantassaurus" title="Qantassaurus">Qantassaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sektensaurus" title="Sektensaurus">Sektensaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talenkauen" title="Talenkauen">Talenkauen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tietasaura" title="Tietasaura">Tietasaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinisaura" title="Trinisaura">Trinisaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weewarrasaurus" title="Weewarrasaurus">Weewarrasaurus</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhabdodontomorpha" title="Rhabdodontomorpha">Rhabdodontomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampelognathus" title="Ampelognathus">Ampelognathus</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emiliasaura" title="Emiliasaura">Emiliasaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fostoria_dhimbangunmal" title="Fostoria dhimbangunmal">Fostoria</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttaburrasaurus" title="Muttaburrasaurus">Muttaburrasaurus</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tenontosauridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenontosauridae">Tenontosauridae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convolosaurus" title="Convolosaurus">Convolosaurus</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iani" title="Iani">Iani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenontosaurus" title="Tenontosaurus">Tenontosaurus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhabdodontidae" title="Rhabdodontidae">Rhabdodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matheronodon" title="Matheronodon">Matheronodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochlodon" title="Mochlodon">Mochlodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pareisactus" title="Pareisactus">Pareisactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdodon" title="Rhabdodon">Rhabdodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanosaurus" title="Transylvanosaurus">Transylvanosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxes" title="Zalmoxes">Zalmoxes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Dryomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryomorpha">Dryomorpha</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draconyx" title="Draconyx">Draconyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperonyx" title="Hesperonyx">Hesperonyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owenodon" title="Owenodon">Owenodon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dryosauridae" title="Dryosauridae">Dryosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dryosaurus" title="Dryosaurus">Dryosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysalotosaurus" title="Dysalotosaurus">Dysalotosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elrhazosaurus" title="Elrhazosaurus">Elrhazosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eousdryosaurus" title="Eousdryosaurus">Eousdryosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyuku" title="Iyuku">Iyuku</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangnasaurus" title="Kangnasaurus">Kangnasaurus</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdosaurus" title="Valdosaurus">Valdosaurus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Ankylopollexia" title="Ankylopollexia">Ankylopollexia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barilium" title="Barilium">Barilium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannurosaurus" title="Bayannurosaurus">Bayannurosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvarius" title="Calvarius">Calvarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camptosaurus" title="Camptosaurus">Camptosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedrorestes" title="Cedrorestes">Cedrorestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumnoria" title="Cumnoria">Cumnoria</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakotadon" title="Dakotadon">Dakotadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukuisaurus" title="Fukuisaurus">Fukuisaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodraco" title="Hippodraco">Hippodraco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iguanacolossus" title="Iguanacolossus">Iguanacolossus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhousaurus" title="Lanzhousaurus">Lanzhousaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurdusaurus" title="Lurdusaurus">Lurdusaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnamanus" title="Magnamanus">Magnamanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napaisaurus" title="Napaisaurus">Napaisaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblitosaurus" title="Oblitosaurus">Oblitosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmakasaurus" title="Osmakasaurus">Osmakasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planicoxa" title="Planicoxa">Planicoxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proa_valdearinnoensis" title="Proa valdearinnoensis">Proa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratchasimasaurus" title="Ratchasimasaurus">Ratchasimasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riabininohadros" title="Riabininohadros">Riabininohadros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theiophytalia" title="Theiophytalia">Theiophytalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uteodon" title="Uteodon">Uteodon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hadrosauriformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadrosauriformes">Hadrosauriformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolong" title="Bolong">Bolong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighstoneus" title="Brighstoneus">Brighstoneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypselospinus" title="Hypselospinus">Hypselospinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhousaurus" title="Jinzhousaurus">Jinzhousaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantellisaurus" title="Mantellisaurus">Mantellisaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelladon" title="Morelladon">Morelladon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouranosaurus" title="Ouranosaurus">Ouranosaurus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iguanodontidae" title="Iguanodontidae">Iguanodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barilium" title="Barilium">Barilium</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comptonatus" title="Comptonatus">Comptonatus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iguanodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantellisaurus" title="Mantellisaurus">Mantellisaurus</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hadrosauroidea" title="Hadrosauroidea">Hadrosauroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Notohypsilodon_reconstruction_raingerr.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Notohypsilodon comodorensis"><img alt="Notohypsilodon comodorensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Notohypsilodon_reconstruction_raingerr.png/100px-Notohypsilodon_reconstruction_raingerr.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Notohypsilodon_reconstruction_raingerr.png/150px-Notohypsilodon_reconstruction_raingerr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Notohypsilodon_reconstruction_raingerr.png/200px-Notohypsilodon_reconstruction_raingerr.png 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="880" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Rhabdodon_by_Tom_Parker.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Rhabdodon priscus"><img alt="Rhabdodon priscus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rhabdodon_by_Tom_Parker.png/100px-Rhabdodon_by_Tom_Parker.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rhabdodon_by_Tom_Parker.png/150px-Rhabdodon_by_Tom_Parker.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rhabdodon_by_Tom_Parker.png/200px-Rhabdodon_by_Tom_Parker.png 2x" data-file-width="1985" data-file-height="699" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Ouranosaurus_nigeriensis_restoration.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ouranosaurus nigeriensis"><img alt="Ouranosaurus nigeriensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ouranosaurus_nigeriensis_restoration.png/100px-Ouranosaurus_nigeriensis_restoration.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ouranosaurus_nigeriensis_restoration.png/150px-Ouranosaurus_nigeriensis_restoration.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ouranosaurus_nigeriensis_restoration.png/200px-Ouranosaurus_nigeriensis_restoration.png 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="1958" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Hadrosauroidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hadrosauroidea" title="Hadrosauroidea">Hadrosauroidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hadrosauroidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Hadrosauroidea" title="Hadrosauroidea">Hadrosauroidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altirhinus" title="Altirhinus">Altirhinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bactrosaurus" title="Bactrosaurus">Bactrosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batyrosaurus" title="Batyrosaurus">Batyrosaurus</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choyrodon" title="Choyrodon">Choyrodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claosaurus" title="Claosaurus">Claosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datonglong" title="Datonglong">Datonglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eolambia" title="Eolambia">Eolambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equijubus" title="Equijubus">Equijubus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fylax" title="Fylax">Fylax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilmoreosaurus" title="Gilmoreosaurus">Gilmoreosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobihadros" title="Gobihadros">Gobihadros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongpoquansaurus" title="Gongpoquansaurus">Gongpoquansaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonkoken" title="Gonkoken">Gonkoken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huehuecanauhtlus" title="Huehuecanauhtlus">Huehuecanauhtlus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeyawati" title="Jeyawati">Jeyawati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jintasaurus" title="Jintasaurus">Jintasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshisaurus" title="Koshisaurus">Koshisaurus</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levnesovia" title="Levnesovia">Levnesovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophorhothon" title="Lophorhothon">Lophorhothon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanningosaurus" title="Nanningosaurus">Nanningosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyangosaurus" title="Nanyangosaurus">Nanyangosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelopognathus" title="Penelopognathus">Penelopognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plesiohadros" title="Plesiohadros">Plesiohadros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portellsaurus" title="Portellsaurus">Portellsaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probactrosaurus" title="Probactrosaurus">Probactrosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protohadros" title="Protohadros">Protohadros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiangsaurus" title="Qianjiangsaurus">Qianjiangsaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangmiaosaurus" title="Shuangmiaosaurus">Shuangmiaosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamodon" title="Siamodon">Siamodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirindhorna" title="Sirindhorna">Sirindhorna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanius" title="Tanius">Tanius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telmatosaurus" title="Telmatosaurus">Telmatosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethyshadros" title="Tethyshadros">Tethyshadros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuwulong" title="Xuwulong">Xuwulong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunganglong" title="Yunganglong">Yunganglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanghenglong" title="Zhanghenglong">Zhanghenglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuoyunlong" title="Zuoyunlong">Zuoyunlong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Hadrosauridae" title="Hadrosauridae">Hadrosauridae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquilarhinus" title="Aquilarhinus">Aquilarhinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eotrachodon" title="Eotrachodon">Eotrachodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrosaurus" title="Hadrosaurus">Hadrosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapampasaurus" title="Lapampasaurus">Lapampasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malefica" title="Malefica">Malefica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamatosaurus" title="Yamatosaurus">Yamatosaurus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lambeosaurinae" title="Lambeosaurinae">Lambeosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adynomosaurus" title="Adynomosaurus">Adynomosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajnabia" title="Ajnabia">Ajnabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angulomastacator" title="Angulomastacator">Angulomastacator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aralosaurus" title="Aralosaurus">Aralosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arenysaurus" title="Arenysaurus">Arenysaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blasisaurus" title="Blasisaurus">Blasisaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canardia" title="Canardia">Canardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaxartosaurus" title="Jaxartosaurus">Jaxartosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazaklambia" title="Kazaklambia">Kazaklambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latirhinus" title="Latirhinus">Latirhinus</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minqaria" title="Minqaria">Minqaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipponosaurus" title="Nipponosaurus">Nipponosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pararhabdodon" title="Pararhabdodon">Pararhabdodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsintaosaurus" title="Tsintaosaurus">Tsintaosaurus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parasaurolophini" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasaurolophini">Parasaurolophini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelolophus" title="Adelolophus">Adelolophus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charonosaurus" title="Charonosaurus">Charonosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasaurolophus" title="Parasaurolophus">Parasaurolophus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlatolophus" title="Tlatolophus">Tlatolophus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lambeosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambeosaurini">Lambeosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amurosaurus" title="Amurosaurus">Amurosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corythosaurus" title="Corythosaurus">Corythosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypacrosaurus" title="Hypacrosaurus">Hypacrosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeosaurus" title="Lambeosaurus">Lambeosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnapaulia" title="Magnapaulia">Magnapaulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olorotitan" title="Olorotitan">Olorotitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahaliyania" title="Sahaliyania">Sahaliyania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velafrons" title="Velafrons">Velafrons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saurolophinae" title="Saurolophinae">Saurolophinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barsboldia" title="Barsboldia">Barsboldia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brachylophosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Brachylophosaurini">Brachylophosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acristavus" title="Acristavus">Acristavus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachylophosaurus" title="Brachylophosaurus">Brachylophosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiasaura" title="Maiasaura">Maiasaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornatops" title="Ornatops">Ornatops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probrachylophosaurus" title="Probrachylophosaurus">Probrachylophosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulagasaurus" title="Wulagasaurus">Wulagasaurus</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austrokritosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrokritosauria">Austrokritosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonapartesaurus" title="Bonapartesaurus">Bonapartesaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huallasaurus" title="Huallasaurus">Huallasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelumapusaura" title="Kelumapusaura">Kelumapusaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secernosaurus" title="Secernosaurus">Secernosaurus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kritosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Kritosaurini">Kritosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anasazisaurus" title="Anasazisaurus">Anasazisaurus</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahuilasaurus" title="Coahuilasaurus">Coahuilasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gryposaurus" title="Gryposaurus">Gryposaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritosaurus" title="Kritosaurus">Kritosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naashoibitosaurus" title="Naashoibitosaurus">Naashoibitosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinorex" title="Rhinorex">Rhinorex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saurolophini" class="mw-redirect" title="Saurolophini">Saurolophini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustynolophus" title="Augustynolophus">Augustynolophus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosaurolophus" title="Prosaurolophus">Prosaurolophus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurolophus" title="Saurolophus">Saurolophus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edmontosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmontosaurini">Edmontosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmontosaurus" title="Edmontosaurus">Edmontosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamuysaurus" title="Kamuysaurus">Kamuysaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerberosaurus" title="Kerberosaurus">Kerberosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundurosaurus" title="Kundurosaurus">Kundurosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyangosaurus" title="Laiyangosaurus">Laiyangosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantungosaurus" title="Shantungosaurus">Shantungosaurus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Qianjiangsaurus_changshengi.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Qianjiangsaurus changshengi"><img alt="Qianjiangsaurus changshengi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Qianjiangsaurus_changshengi.png/100px-Qianjiangsaurus_changshengi.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Qianjiangsaurus_changshengi.png/150px-Qianjiangsaurus_changshengi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Qianjiangsaurus_changshengi.png/200px-Qianjiangsaurus_changshengi.png 2x" data-file-width="2335" data-file-height="827" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Tlatolophus.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tlatolophus galorum"><img alt="Tlatolophus galorum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tlatolophus.png/100px-Tlatolophus.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tlatolophus.png/150px-Tlatolophus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tlatolophus.png/200px-Tlatolophus.png 2x" data-file-width="3536" data-file-height="1500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Life_reconstruction_of_Lambeosaurus_lambei.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lambeosaurus lambei"><img alt="Lambeosaurus lambei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Life_reconstruction_of_Lambeosaurus_lambei.png/100px-Life_reconstruction_of_Lambeosaurus_lambei.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Life_reconstruction_of_Lambeosaurus_lambei.png/150px-Life_reconstruction_of_Lambeosaurus_lambei.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Life_reconstruction_of_Lambeosaurus_lambei.png/200px-Life_reconstruction_of_Lambeosaurus_lambei.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="479" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Gryposaurus%3F_alstasei_profile_reconstruction.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gryposaurus? alsatei"><img alt="Gryposaurus? alsatei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gryposaurus%3F_alstasei_profile_reconstruction.jpg/100px-Gryposaurus%3F_alstasei_profile_reconstruction.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gryposaurus%3F_alstasei_profile_reconstruction.jpg/150px-Gryposaurus%3F_alstasei_profile_reconstruction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gryposaurus%3F_alstasei_profile_reconstruction.jpg/200px-Gryposaurus%3F_alstasei_profile_reconstruction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3961" data-file-height="1684" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Shantungosaurus_life.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Shantungosaurus giganteus"><img alt="Shantungosaurus giganteus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Shantungosaurus_life.png/100px-Shantungosaurus_life.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Shantungosaurus_life.png/150px-Shantungosaurus_life.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Shantungosaurus_life.png/200px-Shantungosaurus_life.png 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="777" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ichnotaxon" title="Ichnotaxon">Ichnotaxa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amblydactylus" title="Amblydactylus">Amblydactylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anomoepus" title="Anomoepus">Anomoepus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaparteichnium" title="Bonaparteichnium">Bonaparteichnium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camptosaurichnus" title="Camptosaurichnus">Camptosaurichnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caririchnium" title="Caririchnium">Caririchnium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakotasaurus" title="Dakotasaurus">Dakotasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinehichnus" title="Dinehichnus">Dinehichnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrosaurichnus" title="Hadrosaurichnus">Hadrosaurichnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iguanodontipus" title="Iguanodontipus">Iguanodontipus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcauichnites" title="Orcauichnites">Orcauichnites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithopodichnites" title="Ornithopodichnites">Ornithopodichnites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiraminesauropus" title="Shiraminesauropus">Shiraminesauropus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sousaichnium" title="Sousaichnium">Sousaichnium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staurichnium" title="Staurichnium">Staurichnium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrapodosaurus" title="Tetrapodosaurus">Tetrapodosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintonopus" title="Wintonopus">Wintonopus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egg_fossil#Classification" title="Egg fossil">Ootaxa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guegoolithus" title="Guegoolithus">Guegoolithus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">Nomina dubia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arstanosaurus" title="Arstanosaurus">Arstanosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cionodon" title="Cionodon">Cionodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claorhynchus" title="Claorhynchus">Claorhynchus</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclonius" title="Diclonius">Diclonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucercosaurus" title="Eucercosaurus">Eucercosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgurotherium" title="Fulgurotherium">Fulgurotherium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glishades" title="Glishades">Glishades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koutalisaurus" title="Koutalisaurus">Koutalisaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loncosaurus" title="Loncosaurus">Loncosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandschurosaurus" title="Mandschurosaurus">Mandschurosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microhadrosaurus" title="Microhadrosaurus">Microhadrosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthomerus" title="Orthomerus">Orthomerus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pteropelyx" title="Pteropelyx">Pteropelyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siluosaurus" title="Siluosaurus">Siluosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanosaurus" title="Stephanosaurus">Stephanosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syngonosaurus" title="Syngonosaurus">Syngonosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thespesius" title="Thespesius">Thespesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tichosteus" title="Tichosteus">Tichosteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachodon" title="Trachodon">Trachodon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkharavia" title="Arkharavia">Arkharavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basturs_Poble_bonebed" title="Basturs Poble bonebed">Basturs Poble bonebed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_(fossil)" title="Dakota (fossil)">Dakota (fossil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrosaur_diet" title="Hadrosaur diet">Hadrosaur diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsilophodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypsilophodont">Hypsilophodont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_informal_dinosaur_names" class="mw-redirect" title="List of informal dinosaur names">List of informal dinosaur names</a> (contains hadrosaur nomina nuda)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_hadrosaur_research" title="Timeline of hadrosaur research">Timeline of hadrosaur research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmontosaurus_mummy_AMNH_5060" title="Edmontosaurus mummy AMNH 5060">Edmontosaurus mummy AMNH 5060</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmontosaurus_mummy_S.M._R4036" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmontosaurus mummy S.M. R4036">Edmontosaurus mummy S.M. R4036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willinakaqe" title="Willinakaqe">Willinakaqe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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.sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tyrannoskull.jpg/21px-Tyrannoskull.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tyrannoskull.jpg/32px-Tyrannoskull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tyrannoskull.jpg/42px-Tyrannoskull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4095" data-file-height="3058" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Dinosaurs" title="Portal:Dinosaurs">Dinosaurs</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/21px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/32px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/42px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Belgium" title="Portal:Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/21px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/42px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Iguanodon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130980" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q130980">Q130980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Iguanodon">Iguanodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4823052">4823052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1033568">1033568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=4946345">4946345</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38749">38749</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&oldid=1254915402">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iguanodon&oldid=1254915402</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iguanodonts" title="Category:Iguanodonts">Iguanodonts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Barremian_genus_first_appearances" title="Category:Barremian genus first appearances">Barremian genus first appearances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aptian_genus_extinctions" title="Category:Aptian genus extinctions">Aptian genus extinctions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Early_Cretaceous_dinosaurs_of_Europe" title="Category:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Europe">Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fossils_of_Belgium" title="Category:Fossils of Belgium">Fossils of Belgium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fossils_of_Spain" title="Category:Fossils of Spain">Fossils of Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Camarillas_Formation" title="Category:Camarillas Formation">Camarillas Formation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fossil_taxa_described_in_1825" title="Category:Fossil taxa described in 1825">Fossil taxa described in 1825</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Gideon_Mantell" title="Category:Taxa named by Gideon Mantell">Taxa named by Gideon Mantell</a></li><li><a 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