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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Classification</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Par_origine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Par_origine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Par origine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Par_origine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selon_leurs_propriétés" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selon_leurs_propriétés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Selon leurs propriétés</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selon_leurs_propriétés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dureté" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dureté"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Dureté</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dureté-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Texture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Texture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dilatation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dilatation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Dilatation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dilatation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perméabilité" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perméabilité"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Perméabilité</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perméabilité-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Diagnose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diagnose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Utilisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Roche</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 150 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-150" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">150 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klip" title="Klip – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Klip" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestein" title="Gestein – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gestein" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roca" title="Roca – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Roca" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95" title="रॉक – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रॉक" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AE%D8%B1" title="صخر – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صخر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%92%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܐܒܢܐ – araméen" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܒܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="araméen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="حجر – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حجر" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2" title="শিল – assamais" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="শিল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roca" title="Roca – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Roca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asini" title="Asini – atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Asini" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCxur" title="Süxur – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Süxur" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="داش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="داش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Тау тоҡомо – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тау тоҡомо" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoa" title="Stoa – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Stoa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oul%C4%97inas" title="Oulėinas – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Oulėinas" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gapo_(heolohiya)" title="Gapo (heolohiya) – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gapo (heolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Горная парода – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Горная парода" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Горная парода – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Горная парода" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Скала – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Скала" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="चट्टान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चट्टान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="শিলা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শিলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roc%27h_(douarouriezh)" title="Roc'h (douarouriezh) – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Roc'h (douarouriezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stijena" title="Stijena – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Stijena" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roca" title="Roca – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Roca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%AF" title="ᏅᏯ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏅᏯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="بەرد – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەرد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petra" title="Petra – corse" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Petra" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornina" title="Hornina – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hornina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%83%D1%80%D1%82-%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Сăрт-ту тăправĕ – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сăрт-ту тăправĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig" title="Craig – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Craig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjergart" title="Bjergart – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bjergart" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestein" title="Gestein – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gestein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salek" title="Salek – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Salek" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watu" title="Watu – dusun central" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Watu" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="dusun central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Πέτρωμα – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πέτρωμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology) – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rock (geology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roka%C4%B5o" title="Rokaĵo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rokaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roca" title="Roca – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Roca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivim" title="Kivim – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kivim" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arroka" title="Arroka – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arroka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roca" title="Roca – estrémègne" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Roca" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estrémègne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF" title="سنگ – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivi" title="Kivi – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kivi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatu" title="Vatu – fidjien" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vatu" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stianang" title="Stianang – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Stianang" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiente" title="Stiente – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stiente" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carraig" title="Carraig – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Carraig" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B2ch" title="Ròch – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ròch" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clach" title="Clach – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Clach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocha" title="Rocha – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rocha" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ita" title="Ita – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ita" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duwatsu_(geology)" title="Duwatsu (geology) – haoussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Duwatsu (geology)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haoussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%CC%8Dk-th%C3%A8u" title="Sa̍k-thèu – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sa̍k-thèu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%A2" title="סלע – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סלע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2" title="शैल – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शैल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattaan" title="Chattaan – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chattaan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stijena" title="Stijena – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stijena" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B2ch" title="Ròch – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ròch" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%91zet" title="Kőzet – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kőzet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Ապար – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ապար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocca" title="Rocca – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rocca" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu" title="Batu – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Batu" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu" title="Batu – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Batu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocca_(geologie)" title="Rocca (geologie) – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Rocca (geologie)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uya%C4%A1ak" title="Uyaġak – inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uyaġak" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roko_(geologio)" title="Roko (geologio) – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Roko (geologio)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berg" title="Berg – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Berg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roccia" title="Roccia – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Roccia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="岩石 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="岩石" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watu" title="Watu – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Watu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ქანი (გეოლოგია) – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქანი (გეოლოგია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%E1%B9%9Bu" title="Azṛu – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azṛu" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Тау жынысы – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тау жынысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81" title="ಕಲ್ಲು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಲ್ಲು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%94%EC%84%9D" title="암석 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="암석" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevir" title="Kevir – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kevir" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karrek" title="Karrek – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Karrek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тоо тектер – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тоо тектер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapis_(geologia)" title="Lapis (geologia) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lapis (geologia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pina" title="Pina – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Pina" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestengs" title="Gestengs – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gestengs" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roca" title="Roca – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Roca" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stein_(geologie)" title="Stein (geologie) – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Stein (geologie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rna" title="Córna – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Córna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoliena" title="Uoliena – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Uoliena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C4%ABksnis" title="Plīksnis – latgalien" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Plīksnis" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ie%C5%BEi" title="Ieži – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ieži" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vato" title="Vato – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vato" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Карпа – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карпа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1" title="പാറ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാറ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83" title="Чулуу – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чулуу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%95" title="खडक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खडक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu" title="Batu – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Batu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ကျောက် – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကျောက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steen_(Petrologie)" title="Steen (Petrologie) – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Steen (Petrologie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="चट्टान – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चट्टान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%82" title="ल्वहं – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ल्वहं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesteente" title="Gesteente – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gesteente" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergart" title="Bergart – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bergart" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergart" title="Bergart – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bergart" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotchi" title="Rotchi – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Rotchi" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B2ca" title="Ròca – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ròca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਚਟਾਨ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਟਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska%C5%82a" title="Skała – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skała" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چٹان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چٹان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87" title="ډبره – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډبره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocha" title="Rocha – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rocha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi_kaq" title="Rumi kaq – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rumi kaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roc%C4%83" title="Rocă – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rocă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Горная порода – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Горная порода" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Горнина – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Горнина" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassu" title="Sassu – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sassu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology) – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rock (geology)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%BF%D8%B1" title="پٿر – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پٿر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stijena" title="Stijena – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stijena" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AB_(%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="පාෂාණ (භූ විද්‍යාව) – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පාෂාණ (භූ විද්‍යාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rock (geology)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornina" title="Hornina – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hornina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamnina" title="Kamnina – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kamnina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabwe" title="Mabwe – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mabwe" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhagax" title="Dhagax – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhagax" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shk%C3%ABmbi" title="Shkëmbi – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkëmbi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Стена – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стена" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu" title="Batu – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Batu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergart" title="Bergart – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bergart" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwamba_(jiolojia)" title="Mwamba (jiolojia) – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwamba (jiolojia)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ba%27tu" title="ba'tu – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="ba'tu" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="பாறை – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81" title="ಶಿಲೆಕಲ್ಲು – toulou" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಶಿಲೆಕಲ್ಲು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="toulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF" title="రాయి – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాయి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="หิน – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bato_(heolohiya)" title="Bato (heolohiya) – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bato (heolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makatu%CA%BBu" title="Makatuʻu – tongien" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Makatuʻu" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaya%C3%A7" title="Kayaç – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kayaç" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Тау токымы – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тау токымы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Гірська порода – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гірська порода" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="حجر – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حجر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tog%CA%BB_jinslari" title="Togʻ jinslari – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Togʻ jinslari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piera" title="Piera – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Piera" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A1" title="Đá – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đá" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gest%C3%AAentes%C3%B4ortn" title="Gestêentesôortn – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Gestêentesôortn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotche" title="Rotche – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rotche" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bato_(heolohiya)" title="Bato (heolohiya) – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bato (heolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="岩石 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="岩石" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="שטיין – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שטיין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin" title="Rin – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Rin" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="岩石 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="岩石" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A2m-chio%CC%8Dh" title="Gâm-chio̍h – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gâm-chio̍h" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%A0%AD" title="石頭 – cantonais" lang="yue" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Roche_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Roche (homonymie)">Roche (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Basalt_-_amygdaloidal_structure.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Basalt_-_amygdaloidal_structure.jpg/220px-Basalt_-_amygdaloidal_structure.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Basalt_-_amygdaloidal_structure.jpg/330px-Basalt_-_amygdaloidal_structure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Basalt_-_amygdaloidal_structure.jpg/440px-Basalt_-_amygdaloidal_structure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4439" data-file-height="2959" /></a><figcaption>Un morceau de <a href="/wiki/Basalte" title="Basalte">basalte</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Une <b>roche</b> (du <a href="/wiki/Latin_vulgaire" title="Latin vulgaire">latin vulgaire</a> <i>rocca</i>) est un <a href="/wiki/Mat%C3%A9riau" title="Matériau">matériau</a> naturel presque toujours solide et constitué, essentiellement ou en totalité, d'un assemblage de <a href="/wiki/Min%C3%A9ral" title="Minéral">minéraux</a>. Les roches comportent parfois des <a href="/wiki/Fossile" title="Fossile">fossiles</a> (dans les <a href="/wiki/Roche_s%C3%A9dimentaire" title="Roche sédimentaire">roches sédimentaires</a>), du <a href="/wiki/Verre" title="Verre">verre</a> résultant du refroidissement rapide d'un liquide (<a href="/wiki/Tachylite" title="Tachylite">tachylites</a> et <a href="/wiki/Obsidienne" title="Obsidienne">obsidiennes</a> produites par le <a href="/wiki/Volcanisme" title="Volcanisme">volcanisme</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Pseudotachylite" title="Pseudotachylite">pseudotachylites</a> produites par <a href="/wiki/Frottement" title="Frottement">frottement</a>) ou des <a href="/wiki/Agr%C3%A9gat" class="mw-disambig" title="Agrégat">agrégats</a> d'autres roches. Les roches peuvent être formées d'une seule espèce minérale (roches <i>monominérales</i>) ou de plusieurs (roches <i>polyminérales</i>) ; par exemple : </p> <ul><li>la <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a> est un minéral caractéristique des <a href="/wiki/Calcaire" title="Calcaire">calcaires</a> et des <a href="/wiki/Marbre" title="Marbre">marbres</a> purs ;</li> <li>le <a href="/wiki/Quartz_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Quartz (minéral)">quartz</a> est l'un des principaux minéraux des <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">quartzites</a>, des <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneiss</a> et des <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granites</a>.</li></ul> <p>L'ensemble présente une certaine homogénéité statistique. La classification des roches est complexe, car elle est basée sur un grand nombre de critères. </p><p>La roche présente une grande diversité d'aspects décrits comme suit : </p> <ul><li>souvent dure et cohérente : elle est dénommée pierre (marbre, granite), caillou, <a href="/wiki/Galet" title="Galet">galet</a>… ;</li> <li>friable ou inconsistante à l'image de la craie et du talc pressés sous les doigts ;</li> <li>plastique comme l'<a href="/wiki/Argile" title="Argile">argile</a> humidifiée ;</li> <li>meuble à l'exemple du <a href="/wiki/Sable" title="Sable">sable</a> qui coule dans le <a href="/wiki/Sablier" title="Sablier">sablier</a> ;</li> <li>à la limite liquide — huile — ou gazeuse ;</li> <li>ou perméable comme le calcaire ;</li> <li>ou imperméable comme l'argile.</li></ul> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> de la description et de l'analyse des roches se nomme la <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9trographie" title="Pétrographie">pétrographie</a> (du grec <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:πέτρα"><span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">πέτρα</span> / <span class="lang-grc-latn" lang="grc-latn"><i>pétra</i></span></a>, « pierre », et <i>graphê</i>, « description »). La <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9trologie" title="Pétrologie">pétrologie</a> (du grec <i>pétra</i> et <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">λόγος</span> / <span class="lang-grc-latn" lang="grc-latn"><i>lógos</i></span>, « étude ») quant à elle, étudie les mécanismes de formation et de transformation des roches. La discipline scientifique associée à l'étude des mouvements et déformations des roches s'appelle la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9canique_des_roches" title="Mécanique des roches">mécanique des roches</a>. </p><p>Un bloc de roche constitue un <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/rocher" class="extiw" title="wikt:rocher">rocher</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Classification" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Classification"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Par_origine">Par origine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Par origine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Par origine"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Formation_des_roches.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Formation_des_roches.svg/280px-Formation_des_roches.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Formation_des_roches.svg/420px-Formation_des_roches.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Formation_des_roches.svg/560px-Formation_des_roches.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="887" data-file-height="698" /></a><figcaption><div class="center">Formation des roches</div><br />1 — Érosion, transport, <a href="/wiki/Diagen%C3%A8se" title="Diagenèse">diagenèse</a><br />2 — Fusion<br />3 — Pression température<br />4 — Refroidissement</figcaption></figure> <p>Les roches sont classées selon leur composition, leur origine ou la modalité de leur formation ; d'abord en quatre grandes catégories : </p> <ul><li>les <a href="/wiki/Roche_magmatique" title="Roche magmatique">roches magmatiques</a> (ou ignées), formées par la solidification de <a href="/wiki/Magma_(g%C3%A9ologie)" title="Magma (géologie)">magmas</a> ou de <a href="/wiki/Lave" title="Lave">laves</a> : <ul><li>les <a href="/wiki/Roche_volcanique" title="Roche volcanique">roches volcaniques</a> (ou extrusives, ou effusives), refroidies brutalement en surface après une <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ruption_volcanique" title="Éruption volcanique">éruption volcanique</a>, hémicristallines,</li> <li>les <a href="/wiki/Roche_plutonique" title="Roche plutonique">roches plutoniques</a> (ou intrusives) qui se sont refroidies en profondeur, lentement et sans dégazage dans la chambre magmatique, dites holocristallines,</li> <li>les <a href="/wiki/Roche_filonienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Roche filonienne">roches filoniennes</a> (ou hypoabyssales ou hypabyssales), intermédiaires entre les roches extrusives et intrusives, et ayant subi un dégazage partiel ;</li></ul></li> <li>les <a href="/wiki/Roche_m%C3%A9tamorphique" title="Roche métamorphique">roches métamorphiques</a> (ou cristallophylliennes) formées par la recristallisation (et généralement la <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)" title="Déformation (géologie)">déformation</a>) de roches sédimentaires ou magmatiques. Cela se produit sous l'action de la température et de la pression qui croissent avec la profondeur dans la <a href="/wiki/Cro%C3%BBte_terrestre" title="Croûte terrestre">croûte terrestre</a> ou au contact d'autres roches et la lave ;</li> <li>les <a href="/wiki/Roche_s%C3%A9dimentaire" title="Roche sédimentaire">roches sédimentaires</a>, formées à la surface de la Terre ou dans les mers par l'accumulation en couches de matériaux sous l'action d'agents exogènes, comme le vent, l'eau ou les <a href="/wiki/Exosquelette" title="Exosquelette">squelettes externes</a> de petits organismes aquatiques ;</li> <li>les roches biogéniques, formées par <a href="/wiki/Biolithogen%C3%A8se" title="Biolithogenèse">biolithogenèse</a> (par des organismes ou grâce à eux). C'est notamment le cas des roches <a href="/wiki/Stromatolithe" title="Stromatolithe">stromatolithiques</a>, des roches issues de la <a href="/wiki/Tourbe" title="Tourbe">tourbe</a> ou de l'accumulation de <a href="/wiki/Mati%C3%A8re_organique" title="Matière organique">matière organique</a>, et des tufs et travertins formés sur certains <a href="/wiki/Bryophyte" title="Bryophyte">bryophytes</a> aquatiques ou semi-aquatiques.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selon_leurs_propriétés"><span id="Selon_leurs_propri.C3.A9t.C3.A9s"></span>Selon leurs propriétés</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Selon leurs propriétés" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Selon leurs propriétés"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dureté"><span id="Duret.C3.A9"></span>Dureté</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Dureté" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Dureté"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On peut également classer les roches en trois types, selon leurs propriétés : </p> <ul><li>les <a href="/wiki/Roche_coh%C3%A9rente" title="Roche cohérente">roches meubles</a> comme le <a href="/wiki/Sable" title="Sable">sable</a> ou l'<a href="/wiki/Argile" title="Argile">argile</a> ;</li> <li>les <a href="/wiki/Roche_coh%C3%A9rente" title="Roche cohérente">roches friables</a> comme la <a href="/wiki/Craie" title="Craie">craie</a> ;</li> <li>les <a href="/wiki/Roche_coh%C3%A9rente" title="Roche cohérente">roches cohérentes</a> telles que le <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>.</li></ul> <p>Les roches présentent une dureté qui varie énormément. Le <a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">talc</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Gypse" title="Gypse">gypse</a> présentent un indice très faible et s'érodent très facilement. Le <a href="/wiki/Corindon" title="Corindon">corindon</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>, quant à eux font partie des roches les plus dures<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Texture">Texture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Texture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Texture"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'homogénéité des roches varie en fonction des minéraux. On en distingue quatre types de <a href="/wiki/Texture_(p%C3%A9trographie)" title="Texture (pétrographie)">textures</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <ul><li>grenue (granite) ;</li> <li>porphyrique ;</li> <li>microgrenue (<a href="/wiki/Batholite" title="Batholite">batholite</a>) ;</li> <li>vitreuse (<a href="/wiki/Basalte" title="Basalte">basalte</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dilatation">Dilatation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Dilatation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Dilatation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les roches peuvent plus ou moins se <a href="/wiki/Dilatation_thermique" title="Dilatation thermique">dilater</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 163.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 161.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Clay-ss-2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Argile (Estonie)"><img alt="Argile (Estonie)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Clay-ss-2005.jpg/242px-Clay-ss-2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Clay-ss-2005.jpg/363px-Clay-ss-2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Clay-ss-2005.jpg/484px-Clay-ss-2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Argile (<a href="/wiki/Estonie" title="Estonie">Estonie</a>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:DeathValley_Dunes6.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sable (Vallée de la Mort)"><img alt="Sable (Vallée de la Mort)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/DeathValley_Dunes6.JPG/240px-DeathValley_Dunes6.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/DeathValley_Dunes6.JPG/360px-DeathValley_Dunes6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/DeathValley_Dunes6.JPG/480px-DeathValley_Dunes6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Sable (<a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_de_la_Mort" title="Vallée de la Mort">Vallée de la Mort</a>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Granit_Yosemite_CA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Éboulis de granite (Yosemite)"><img alt="Éboulis de granite (Yosemite)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Granit_Yosemite_CA.jpg/240px-Granit_Yosemite_CA.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Granit_Yosemite_CA.jpg/360px-Granit_Yosemite_CA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Granit_Yosemite_CA.jpg/480px-Granit_Yosemite_CA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Éboulis de granite (<a href="/wiki/Parc_national_de_Yosemite" title="Parc national de Yosemite">Yosemite</a>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Golden_Canyon_Conglomerat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Conglomérat"><img alt="Conglomérat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Golden_Canyon_Conglomerat.jpg/240px-Golden_Canyon_Conglomerat.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Golden_Canyon_Conglomerat.jpg/360px-Golden_Canyon_Conglomerat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Golden_Canyon_Conglomerat.jpg/480px-Golden_Canyon_Conglomerat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Conglomérat</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Perméabilité"><span id="Perm.C3.A9abilit.C3.A9"></span>Perméabilité</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Perméabilité" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Perméabilité"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Certaines roches sont <a href="/wiki/Perm%C3%A9abilit%C3%A9_(fluide)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perméabilité (fluide)">perméables</a>, c'est-à-dire qu'elles laissent passer l'eau à grande échelle (perméables en petit, sur un petit échantillon) ou à petite échelle (perméable en grand, par des fissures ou <a href="/wiki/Diaclase" title="Diaclase">diaclases</a>, par exemple dans les terrains <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karstiques</a>) ; d'autres sont imperméables, telles que l'argile. Les roches <a href="/wiki/Porosit%C3%A9" title="Porosité">poreuses</a>, comme le <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8s_(g%C3%A9ologie)" title="Grès (géologie)">grès</a>, permettent à l'eau de s'infiltrer. Les roches poreuses peuvent être des roches-réservoirs (gaz naturel, pétrole, eau). Aussi, d'autres roches et minéraux sont solubles<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <ul><li>moins de 0,05 gramme par litre de quartz ;</li> <li>1 gramme par litre pour les <a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonates</a> ;</li> <li>2,4 grammes par litre de <a href="/wiki/Gypse" title="Gypse">gypse</a> ;</li> <li>2,5 grammes pour les <a href="/wiki/Sulfate" title="Sulfate">sulfates</a> ;</li> <li>300 grammes par litre de <a href="/wiki/Sel_gemme" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel gemme">sel gemme</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnose">Diagnose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Diagnose" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Diagnose"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plusieurs critères géologiques conduisent à la <a href="/wiki/Diagnose" title="Diagnose">diagnose pétrographique</a> et la <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9trologie" title="Pétrologie">pétrologie</a> de la roche<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <ul><li>présence ou non d'une orientation, d'un <a href="/wiki/Litage" class="mw-redirect" title="Litage">litage</a> (caractéristique d'une roche sédimentaire ou métamorphique)</li> <li>présence ou non d'une <a href="/wiki/Texture_(p%C3%A9trographie)" title="Texture (pétrographie)">texture</a> (caractéristique d'une roche sédimentaire, magmatique ou métamorphique) accompagnée ou remplacée par une matrice (caractéristique d'une roche sédimentaire ou magmatique)</li> <li>présence ou non de grains : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grosseur_de_grains" title="Grosseur de grains">grosseur des grains</a> (<a href="/wiki/Granulom%C3%A9trie" title="Granulométrie">granulométrie</a>)</li> <li>forme des grains</li></ul></li> <li>présence ou non de porosité <ul><li>présence de bulles sphériques (issues du dégazage du magma à son arrivée à la surface, caractéristique d'une roche magmatique volcanique)</li> <li>présence de porosité intergranulaire (roche sédimentaire)</li></ul></li> <li>présence de <a href="/wiki/Fossile" title="Fossile">fossiles</a> (roche sédimentaire ou faiblement métamorphisée)</li></ul> <p>Associés à une analyse minéralogique, ces critères permettent de déterminer le nom d'une roche. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilisation">Utilisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Utilisation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Utilisation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les roches servent dans de nombreuses utilisations, notamment : </p> <ul><li>la <a href="/wiki/Laine_de_roche" title="Laine de roche">laine de roche</a>, excellent isolant thermique et acoustique, à base de roche volcanique ;</li> <li>les pierres à bâtir (pierres de taille et moellons) ;</li> <li>les <a href="/wiki/Granulat" title="Granulat">granulats</a> ;</li> <li>les <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculptures</a> et ornements ;</li> <li>l'extraction de <a href="/wiki/Minerai_(roche)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerai (roche)">minerais</a> ;</li> <li>le <a href="/wiki/Sel_gemme" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel gemme">sel gemme</a> ;</li> <li>le <a href="/wiki/Ballast_(chemin_de_fer)" title="Ballast (chemin de fer)">ballast</a> (chemin de fer).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="PechRégnauld1992"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_PechHervé_Régnauld1992">Pierre Pech et Hervé Régnauld, <cite class="italique">Géographie physique</cite>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France" title="Presses universitaires de France">PUF</a>, <time>1992</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-13-044735-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-13-044735-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-13-044735-1</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 241<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C3%A9ographie+physique&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=PUF&rft.aulast=Pech&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.au=Herv%C3%A9+R%C3%A9gnauld&rft.date=1992&rft.pages=241&rft.isbn=978-2-13-044735-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARoche"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="PechRégnauld1992"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_PechHervé_Régnauld1992">Pierre Pech et Hervé Régnauld, <cite class="italique">Géographie physique</cite>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France" title="Presses universitaires de France">PUF</a>, <time>1992</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-13-044735-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-13-044735-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-13-044735-1</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">241-242</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C3%A9ographie+physique&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=PUF&rft.aulast=Pech&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.au=Herv%C3%A9+R%C3%A9gnauld&rft.date=1992&rft.pages=241-242&rft.isbn=978-2-13-044735-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARoche"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="PechRegnauld1992"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_PechHervé_Regnauld1992">Pierre Pech et Hervé Regnauld, <cite class="italique">Géographie physique</cite>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France" title="Presses universitaires de France">PUF</a>, <time>1992</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 247<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C3%A9ographie+physique&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=PUF&rft.aulast=Pech&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.au=Herv%C3%A9+Regnauld&rft.date=1992&rft.pages=247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARoche"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="PechRegnauld1998"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_PechHervé_Regnauld1998">Pierre Pech et Hervé Regnauld, <cite class="italique">Paysages et érosion : La Terre à visage découvert</cite>, Paris, CNDP, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « TDC » (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 749), <time class="nowrap" datetime="1998">1-15 février 1998</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 10<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paysages+et+%C3%A9rosion&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=CNDP&rft.stitle=La+Terre+%C3%A0+visage+d%C3%A9couvert&rft.aulast=Pech&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.au=Herv%C3%A9+Regnauld&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.pages=10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARoche"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="BeauxPlatevoetFogelgesang2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-François_BeauxBernard_PlatevoetJean-François_Fogelgesang2012">Jean-François Beaux, Bernard Platevoet et Jean-François Fogelgesang, <cite class="italique">Atlas de pétrologie</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Dunod" title="Éditions Dunod">Éditions Dunod</a>, <time>2012</time>, 144 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+de+p%C3%A9trologie&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Dunod&rft.aulast=Beaux&rft.aufirst=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Bernard+Platevoet&rft.au=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois+Fogelgesang&rft.date=2012&rft.tpages=144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARoche"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rocks?uselang=fr">Roche</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/roche" class="extiw" title="wikt:roche">roche</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="noprint boite-grise boite-a-droite" style="text-align:left;"> <div style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/45px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/68px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/90px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:60px;">Une <a href="/wiki/Aide:Cat%C3%A9gorie" title="Aide:Catégorie">catégorie</a> est consacrée à ce sujet : <i><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Roche" title="Catégorie:Roche">Roche</a></i>.</div> <div style="clear:left;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89quilibre_de_pierres" title="Équilibre de pierres">Équilibre de pierres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie" title="Géologie">Géologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossaire_des_min%C3%A9raux" title="Glossaire des minéraux">Glossaire des minéraux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_roches" title="Liste de roches">Liste de roches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9canique_des_roches" title="Mécanique des roches">Mécanique des roches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9isme" title="Séisme">Séisme</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8063?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/rock-geology"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/roccia_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><i>Enciclopedia italiana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/r%C3%B2ccia.html"><i>Enciclopedia De Agostini</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=30257"><i>Encyclopédie de l'Ukraine moderne</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0139765.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/bergarter"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/roccia"><i>Treccani</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/roches-vue-d-ensemble/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8063?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119327106">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119327106">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85114749">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4020734-1">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562239">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007541366305171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph114694">Tchéquie</a></span></li> </ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B0E0E6"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89l%C3%A9ments_de_la_nature" title="Modèle:Palette Éléments de la nature"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89l%C3%A9ments_de_la_nature&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Éléments de la <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#AFEEEE">Composants</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mati%C3%A8re" title="Matière">Matière</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atome" title="Atome">Atome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cule" title="Molécule">Molécule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_(physique)" title="Énergie (physique)">Énergie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re_du_jour" title="Lumière du jour">Lumière du jour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temps_(physique)" title="Temps (physique)">Temps</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#AFEEEE"><a href="/wiki/Atmosph%C3%A8re_terrestre" title="Atmosphère terrestre">Atmosphère</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuage" title="Nuage">Nuage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9cipitations" title="Précipitations">Précipitations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temps_(m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie)" title="Temps (météorologie)">Temps (météorologie)</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#AFEEEE"><a href="/wiki/Biosph%C3%A8re" title="Biosphère">Biosphère</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversit%C3%A9" title="Biodiversité">Biodiversité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cosyst%C3%A8me" title="Écosystème">Écosystème</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioc%C3%A9nose" title="Biocénose">Biocénose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotope" title="Biotope">Biotope</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environnement_biophysique" title="Environnement biophysique">Environnement biophysique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89volution_(biologie)" title="Évolution (biologie)">Évolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisme_(physiologie)" title="Organisme (physiologie)">Organisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9g%C3%A9tal" title="Végétal">végétal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">champignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro-organisme" title="Micro-organisme">micro-organisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vie" title="Vie">Vie</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#AFEEEE"><a href="/wiki/Hydrosph%C3%A8re" title="Hydrosphère">Hydrosphère</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lithosph%C3%A8re" title="Lithosphère">Lithosphère</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cristaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristaux">Cristaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mer" title="Mer">Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min%C3%A9ral" title="Minéral">Minéral</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_(p%C3%A9dologie)" title="Sol (pédologie)">Sol</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#AFEEEE"><a href="/wiki/Univers" title="Univers">Univers</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espace_(cosmologie)" title="Espace (cosmologie)">Espace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89toile" title="Étoile">Étoile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxie" title="Galaxie">Galaxie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan%C3%A8te" title="Planète">Planète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonnement_cosmique" title="Rayonnement cosmique">Rayonnement cosmique</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre" title="Terre">Terre</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#AFEEEE">Liés</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_naturel" title="Capital naturel">Capital naturel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_de_la_nature" title="Conservation de la nature">Conservation</a></li> <li>Cycle <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_de_l%27eau" title="Cycle de l'eau">de l'eau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_du_carbone" title="Cycle du carbone">du carbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscillation_climatique" title="Oscillation climatique">du climat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_g%C3%A9ologique" title="Cycle géologique">géologique</a></li></ul></li> <li>Droits de <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9claration_universelle_des_droits_de_l%27animal" title="Déclaration universelle des droits de l'animal">l'animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droit_de_l%27environnement" title="Droit de l'environnement">l'environnement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droits_de_la_nature" title="Droits de la nature">la nature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histoire_naturelle" title="Histoire naturelle">Histoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9tarisation_de_la_nature" title="Monétarisation de la nature">Monétarisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalit%C3%A9_(environnement)" title="Naturalité (environnement)">Naturalité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paysage" title="Paysage">Paysage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne_naturel" title="Phénomène naturel">Phénomène naturel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophie_naturelle" title="Philosophie naturelle">Philosophie naturelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Produit_naturel" title="Produit naturel">Produit naturel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ressource_naturelle" title="Ressource naturelle">Ressource naturelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_de_la_nature" title="Science de la nature">Sciences naturelles</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Min%C3%A9raux_et_roches" title="Portail des minéraux et roches"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg/17px-Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg/25px-Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg/34px-Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="422" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Min%C3%A9raux_et_roches" title="Portail:Minéraux et roches">Portail des minéraux et roches</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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