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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taux_de_déformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Taux de déformation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taux_de_déformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_de_déformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_de_déformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types de déformation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_de_déformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modes_de_déformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modes_de_déformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modes de déformation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modes_de_déformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exemples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exemples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Exemples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exemples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Déformation (géologie)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Cet article n’existe que dans cette langue. Ajouter l’article pour d’autres langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ajouter des langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3043213#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Ajouter des liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Ajouter des liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=D%C3%A9formation+%28g%C3%A9ologie%29"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=D%C3%A9formation_%28g%C3%A9ologie%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3043213" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9formation" class="mw-disambig" title="Déformation">Déformation</a>. </p> </div></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie_structurale" title="Géologie structurale">géologie structurale</a>, la <b>déformation</b> est un terme générique qui décrit les changements de forme, d'orientation ou de position d'un corps (roche, portion de la <a href="/wiki/Cro%C3%BBte_terrestre" title="Croûte terrestre">croûte terrestre</a>) <a href="/wiki/Tectonique" title="Tectonique">soumis à des contraintes</a>. Lorsque ce corps est une <a href="/wiki/Roche" title="Roche">roche</a>, la déformation concerne essentiellement la transformation géométrique qui affecte l'aspect, la <a href="/wiki/Texture" class="mw-disambig" title="Texture">texture</a> ou les propriétés de cette roche. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composantes">Composantes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Composantes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Composantes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Riedel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Riedel.jpg/220px-Riedel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Riedel.jpg/330px-Riedel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Riedel.jpg/440px-Riedel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1717" data-file-height="963" /></a><figcaption>Ellipsoïde de déformation</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Translation</li> <li>Rotation</li> <li>Distorsion (déformation interne linéaire, cisaillante ou angulaire)</li> <li>Changement de volume</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taux_de_déformation"><span id="Taux_de_d.C3.A9formation"></span>Taux de déformation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Taux de déformation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Taux de déformation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le taux de déformation est mesuré par la <a href="/wiki/Vitesse_de_d%C3%A9formation" title="Vitesse de déformation">vitesse de déformation</a> qui est la <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9riv%C3%A9e" title="Dérivée">dérivée</a> par rapport au temps de la <a href="/wiki/Tenseur_des_d%C3%A9formations" title="Tenseur des déformations">déformation</a> ε ; on la note donc <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {\varepsilon }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>ε</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {\varepsilon }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b04d7866eac65b38e7c341e8f13a4b880899a0b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.356ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {\varepsilon }}}"></span> : </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {\varepsilon }}={\frac {\partial \varepsilon }{\partial t}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>ε</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>ε</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {\varepsilon }}={\frac {\partial \varepsilon }{\partial t}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/415e6c8a27672588198d7298019ef545113ae6fd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:8.339ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {\varepsilon }}={\frac {\partial \varepsilon }{\partial t}}.}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_de_déformation"><span id="Types_de_d.C3.A9formation"></span>Types de déformation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Types de déformation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Types de déformation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La déformation peut être : </p> <ul><li>continue (variation progressive de la transformation) ou discontinue</li> <li>homogène (lignes initialement parallèles le restant après la déformation) ou hétérogène (cas le plus fréquent)</li> <li>finie (concerne la forme de l'objet final) ou incrémentale</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modes_de_déformation"><span id="Modes_de_d.C3.A9formation"></span>Modes de déformation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Modes de déformation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Modes de déformation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Brittle_Ductile.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Brittle_Ductile.png/220px-Brittle_Ductile.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Brittle_Ductile.png/330px-Brittle_Ductile.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Brittle_Ductile.png/440px-Brittle_Ductile.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Zone de transition cassant-ductile.</figcaption></figure> <p>La déformation peut se traduire de manière : </p> <ul><li>élastique (déformation instantanée et réversible)</li> <li>plastique (déformation non instantanée et généralement irréversible)</li></ul> <p>La déformation sans ou avec cassure caractérise la roche <a href="/wiki/Ductilit%C3%A9_(g%C3%A9ologie)" title="Ductilité (géologie)">ductile</a> ou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche_cataclastique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roche cataclastique (page inexistante)">cataclastique</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataclastic_rock" class="extiw" title="en:Cataclastic rock"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Cataclastic rock »">(en)</span></a> dont le comportement est décrit par la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zone_de_transition_cassant-ductile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zone de transition cassant-ductile (page inexistante)">zone de transition cassant-ductile</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittle-ductile_transition_zone" class="extiw" title="en:Brittle-ductile transition zone"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Brittle-ductile transition zone »">(en)</span></a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exemples">Exemples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Exemples" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Exemples"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les <a href="/wiki/Pli_(g%C3%A9ologie)" title="Pli (géologie)">plis</a> sont des exemples de déformation continue hétérogène. Les <a href="/wiki/Faille" title="Faille">failles</a> sont des exemples de déformation discontinue tandis que les microfractures s'interconnectant peuvent former une déformation continue de type <a href="/wiki/Fluage" title="Fluage">fluage</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="LabrousseYamato2024"><span class="ouvrage" id="Loïc_LabroussePhilippe_Yamato2024">Loïc Labrousse et Philippe Yamato, <cite class="italique">La déformation des roches : De l'analyse structurale à la mécanique de la lithosphère</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Dunod" title="Éditions Dunod">Éditions Dunod</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Sciences Sup », <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-07" data-sort-value="2024-07">juillet 2024</time>, 352 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/EAN_13" title="EAN 13">EAN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782100854219" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782100854219"><span class="nowrap">9782100854219</span></a> et <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782100873289" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782100873289"><span class="nowrap">9782100873289</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insu.cnrs.fr/fr/la-deformation-des-roches">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+d%C3%A9formation+des+roches&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Dunod&rft.stitle=De+l%27analyse+structurale+%C3%A0+la+m%C3%A9canique+de+la+lithosph%C3%A8re&rft.aulast=Labrousse&rft.aufirst=Lo%C3%AFc&rft.au=Philippe+Yamato&rft.date=2024-07&rft.tpages=352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%A9formation+%28g%C3%A9ologie%29"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie" title="Géologie">Géologie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9formation_(g%C3%A9ologie)&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jfmoyen.free.fr/IMG/pdf/Cours_structurale_JFM_2009.pdf">Géologie structurale</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" 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