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<input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kyrgyz language</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Kyrgyz_language" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_language" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz language">Fuyu Kyrgyz language</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Kyrgyz</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic language</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak branch</a> spoken in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>. Kyrgyz is the official language of <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> and a significant minority language in the <a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Gorno-Badakhshan_Autonomous_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region">Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>. There is a very high level of <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutual intelligibility</a> between Kyrgyz, <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Altay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Altay language">Altay</a>. A dialect of Kyrgyz known as <a href="/wiki/Pamiri_Kyrgyz_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamiri Kyrgyz dialect">Pamiri Kyrgyz</a> is spoken in north-eastern <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. Kyrgyz is also spoken by many ethnic Kyrgyz through the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, parts of northern <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. </p><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Kyrgyz</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;"><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky">Кыргыз тили</span></span><br><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><i lang="ky-Latn">kyrgyz tili</i></span><br><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">قىرعىز تىلى</span>‎</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyrgyz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Kyrgyz.svg/200px-Kyrgyz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Kyrgyz.svg/300px-Kyrgyz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Kyrgyz.svg/400px-Kyrgyz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3124" data-file-height="1608"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Kyrgyz written in <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Perso-Arabic">Perso-Arabic</a> scripts</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ky-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">[qɯɾʁɯzˈtʃɑ]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">5.15 million (2009 census)<sup id="cite_ref-e26_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e26-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_languages" title="Common Turkic languages">Common Turkic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Kyrgyz–Kipchak<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Kyrgyz</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamir_Kyrgyz_dialect" title="Pamir Kyrgyz dialect">Pamiri Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">Kyrgyz alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Perso-Arabic script</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz Braille</a>) Historically, <a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic script</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a><br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture</a></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><b>Organisations</b>:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1704"></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a><br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Recognised minority<br>language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a><br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="280"></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=ky">ky</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=237">kir</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/kir" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:kir">kir</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kirg1245">kirg1245</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=44-AAB-cd">44-AAB-cd</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Distribution_of_the_Kyrgyz_language.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Distribution_of_the_Kyrgyz_language.png/250px-Distribution_of_the_Kyrgyz_language.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Distribution_of_the_Kyrgyz_language.png/375px-Distribution_of_the_Kyrgyz_language.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Distribution_of_the_Kyrgyz_language.png/500px-Distribution_of_the_Kyrgyz_language.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Places where Kyrgyz is spoken</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm/220px--%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="183" data-mwtitle="“Чуңкурчак”_көчү-_2017_этно_фестивалы_өттү.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; 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codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-width="1920" data-height="1080"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source></video></span><figcaption>A speaker of the Kyrgyz language in traditional dress, recorded on the Chunkurchak pasture on the outskirts of Bishkek during an interview</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm/220px--WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="123" data-durationhint="89" data-mwtitle="WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-width="1080" data-height="606"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track></video></span><figcaption>Azim, a speaker of the Kyrgyz language, recorded in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kyrgyz was originally written in <a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Göktürk script</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gradually replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Perso-Arabic alphabet</a> (in use until 1928 in the USSR, still in use in China). Between 1928 and 1940, a <a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Latin-script alphabet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_Alphabet#In_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Turkic Alphabet">Uniform Turkic Alphabet</a>, was used. In 1940, Soviet authorities replaced the Latin script with the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic alphabet</a> for all Turkic languages on its territory. When Kyrgyzstan became independent following the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991, a plan to adopt the Latin alphabet became popular. Although the plan has not been implemented, it remains in occasional discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Classification"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Classification</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Dialects"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Dialects</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Phonology"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Phonology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Lexicon"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Lexicon</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Orthography"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Orthography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Morphology_and_syntax"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Morphology and syntax</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Case"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Case</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Pronouns"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Pronouns</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Verbs"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Verbs</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Subordinate_clauses"><span class="tocnumber">7.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Subordinate clauses</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Sample_text"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Sample text</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Kyrgyz is a <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_languages" title="Common Turkic languages">Common Turkic</a> language belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak branch</a> of the family. It is considered to be an <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Kipchak_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Kipchak language (page does not exist)">East Kipchak language</a>, forming a subfamily with the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Altai_language" title="Southern Altai language">Southern Altai language</a> within the greater Kipchak branch. Internally, Kyrgyz has three distinct varieties; Northern and Southern Kyrgyz.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Language should not be confused with Old Kyrgyz (<a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a>) language which classified as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Turkic_languages" title="Siberian Turkic languages">South Siberian</a> branch of Turkic languages. The successor of the Yenisei Kyrgyz language today are the <a href="/wiki/Khakas_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Khakas people">Khakas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeastern China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StaryPozzi2006_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StaryPozzi2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>In 925, when the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> defeated the <a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a> and expelled them from the Mongolian steppes, some Ancient Kyrgyz elites settled in Altai and Xinjiang where they mixed with the local <a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a>, resulting in a language shift. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol conquest</a> in 1207 and a series of revolts against the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>, Kyrgyz-speaking tribes started to migrate to <a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a>, which was already populated by various <a href="/wiki/Turco-Mongol_tradition" title="Turco-Mongol tradition">Turco-Mongol</a> tribes. As <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chaghatai Ulus</a> subjects, the Kyrgyz converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> vocabulary loaned to the Kyrgyz language, but to a much lesser extent than <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Dialects">Dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dialects" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Kyrgyz is divided into two main dialects, Northern and Southern. Northern having more <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> loanwords and Southern having more <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> ones. Standard Kyrgyz is based on Northern Kyrgyz.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a third smaller dialect called Pamiri Kyrgyz.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_phonology" title="Kyrgyz phonology">Kyrgyz phonology</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Kyrgyz vowel phonemes<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em"> <th>unrounded</th> <th>rounded </th> <th>unrounded</th> <th>rounded </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span>) </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span> appears only in borrowings from Persian or when followed by a front vowel later in the word (regressive assimilation), e.g. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ajdøʃ/</span> 'sloping' instead of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">*/ɑjdøʃ/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most dialects, its status as a vowel distinct from <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɑ/</span> is questionable.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Vowel Harmony (Peace Corps Method) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Left Shift (<) </th> <th>Right Shift (>) </th> <th>Shift Direction </th></tr> <tr> <td>а </td> <td>ы </td> <td>Straight Across Left-Right Shift </td></tr> <tr> <td>о </td> <td>у </td> <td>("y" Left-shifts up-diagonally to "a") </td></tr> <tr> <td>е (э) </td> <td>и </td> <td>Straight Across Left-Right Shift </td></tr> <tr> <td>ө </td> <td>ү </td> <td>Straight Across Left-Right Shift </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The United States <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a> trains its volunteers using a "Left-Right Shift" method when carrying out language training in Kyrgyzstan. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Kyrgyz consonant phonemes<sup id="cite_ref-kara11_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kara11-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>/<br><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Post-<br>alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_consonant" title="Dorsal consonant">Dorsal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></span> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental affricate">t͡s</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-borrowings_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borrowings-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></span> </th> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-borrowings_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borrowings-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental sibilant fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-borrowings_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borrowings-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-borrowings_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borrowings-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental sibilant fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-borrowings-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-borrowings_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borrowings_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borrowings_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borrowings_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f,<span class="wrap"> </span>v,<span class="wrap"> </span>t͡s,<span class="wrap"> </span>x/</span> occur only in foreign borrowings from Russian, Arabic and English.<sup id="cite_ref-kara11_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kara11-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Lexicon">Lexicon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lexicon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Kyrgyz has spent centuries in contact with numerous other languages, and as such has borrowed extensively from them. These languages include: Uzbek, <a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat</a>, Mongolian, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Orthography">Orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Orthography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">Kyrgyz alphabets</a></div> <p>Historically the Old Turkic Script was the first script used to write Kyrgyz.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kyrgyz in <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> use a <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic alphabet</a>, which uses all the Russian letters plus <a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">ң</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ө">ө</a> and <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">ү</a>. Though in the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> region of China, an <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic alphabet</a> is used. Between 1928 and 1940, a <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_Alphabet#In_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Turkic Alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> was used for many minority languages in the USSR, including Kyrgyz. There have been attempts after 1990 to introduce other Latin alphabets which are closer to the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">Turkish alphabet</a>, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Turkic Alphabet">Common Turkic Alphabet</a>. There are political shades to the Cyrillic-Latin debate. In April 2023, Russia suspended dairy exports to Kyrgyzstan after a proposal by the chairman of Kyrgyzstan's National Commission for the State Language and Language Policies, Kanybek Osmonaliev, to change the alphabet from Cyrillic to Latin to bring the country in line with other Turkic nations. Osmonaliev was reprimanded by President <a href="/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov" title="Sadyr Japarov">Sadyr Japarov</a>, who later clarified that Kyrgyzstan had no plans to replace the Cyrillic alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Comparison of Kyrgyz alphabets<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Cyrillic </th> <th>Braille </th> <th>Arabic </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%B1alif" title="Yañalif">Latin</a> <p>(1928–⁠1938) </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="А">А</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="А">а</a> </td> <td>⠁ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="ا">ا</a> </td> <td>A a </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Б">Б</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Б">б</a> </td> <td>⠃ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ب">ب</a> </td> <td>B ʙ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92" class="mw-redirect" title="В">В</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92" class="mw-redirect" title="В">в</a> </td> <td>⠺ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="ۋ">ۋ</a> </td> <td>V v </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Г">Г</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Г">г</a> </td> <td>⠛ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="گ">گ</a> <p><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="ع">ع</a>* </p> </td> <td>G g, <a href="/wiki/%C6%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƣ">Ƣ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C6%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƣ">ƣ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Д">Д</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Д">д</a> </td> <td>⠙ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="د">د</a> </td> <td>D d </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Е">Е</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Е">е</a> </td> <td>⠑ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%95" class="mw-redirect" title="ە">ە</a> </td> <td>E e </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ё">Ё</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ё">ё</a> </td> <td>⠡ </td> <td>ي+و(يو) </td> <td>Jo jo </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ж">Ж</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ж">ж</a> </td> <td>⠚ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%87" title="Ç">Cc</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C6%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƶ">Ƶ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C6%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƶ">ƶ</a> from 1938) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%97" class="mw-redirect" title="З">З</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%97" class="mw-redirect" title="З">з</a> </td> <td>⠵ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ز">ز</a> </td> <td>Z z </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="И">И</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="И">и</a> </td> <td>⠊ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="ئ">ئ</a> </td> <td>I i </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Й">Й</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Й">й</a> </td> <td>⠯ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ي">ي</a> </td> <td>J j </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="К">К</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="К">к</a> </td> <td>⠅ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ك">ك</a> <p><a href="/wiki/%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a>* </p> </td> <td>K k, Q q </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Л">Л</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Л">л</a> </td> <td>⠇ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%84" class="mw-redirect" title="ل">ل</a> </td> <td>L l </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="М">М</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="М">м</a> </td> <td>⠍ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85" class="mw-redirect" title="م">م</a> </td> <td>M m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Н">Н</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Н">н</a> </td> <td>⠝ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ن">ن</a> </td> <td>N n </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">Ң</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">ң</a> </td> <td>⠽ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DA%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ڭ">ڭ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꞑ">Ꞑ</a> <a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꞑ">ꞑ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="О">О</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="О">о</a> </td> <td>⠕ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="و">و</a> </td> <td>O o </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ө">Ө</a> <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ө">ө</a> </td> <td>⠌ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ۅ">ۅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C6%9F" title="Ɵ">Ɵ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C6%9F" title="Ɵ">ɵ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="П">П</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="П">п</a> </td> <td>⠏ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="پ">پ</a> </td> <td>P p </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Р">Р</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Р">р</a> </td> <td>⠗ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ر">ر</a> </td> <td>R r </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="С">С</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="С">с</a> </td> <td>⠎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="س">س</a> </td> <td>S s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">Т</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">т</a> </td> <td>⠞ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="ت">ت</a> </td> <td>T t </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="У">У</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="У">у</a> </td> <td>⠥ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ۇ">ۇ</a> </td> <td>U u </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">Ү</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">ү</a> </td> <td>⠧ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%89" class="mw-redirect" title="ۉ">ۉ</a> </td> <td>Y y </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ф">Ф</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ф">ф</a> </td> <td>⠋ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ف">ف</a> </td> <td>F f </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Х">Х</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Х">х</a> </td> <td>⠓ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ح">ح</a> </td> <td>H h </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ц">Ц</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ц">ц</a> </td> <td>⠉ </td> <td>(ت+س (تس </td> <td>Ts ts </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ч">Ч</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ч">ч</a> </td> <td>⠟ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DA%86" class="mw-redirect" title="چ">چ</a> </td> <td>Ç ç </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ш">Ш</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ш">ш</a> </td> <td>⠱ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="ش">ش</a> </td> <td>Ş ş </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Щ">Щ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Щ">щ</a> </td> <td>⠭ </td> <td>- </td> <td>ŞÇ şç </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ъ">Ъ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ъ">ъ</a> </td> <td>⠷ </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ы">Ы</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ы">ы</a> </td> <td>⠮ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="ى">ى</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I_with_bowl" title="I with bowl">Ь</a> <a href="/wiki/I_with_bowl" title="I with bowl">ь</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ь">Ь</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ь">ь</a> </td> <td>⠾ </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Э">Э</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Э">э</a> </td> <td>⠪ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%95" class="mw-redirect" title="ە">ە</a> </td> <td>E e </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ю">Ю</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ю">ю</a> </td> <td>⠳ </td> <td>ي+ۇ(يۇ) </td> <td>Ju ju </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Я">Я</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Я">я</a> </td> <td>⠫ </td> <td>ي+ا(يا) </td> <td>Ja ja </td></tr> </tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Morphology_and_syntax">Morphology and syntax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Morphology and syntax" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"><p> Kyrgyz follows a <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Subject–object–verb word order">subject-object-verb</a> word order, Kyrgyz also has no <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">grammatical gender</a> with gender being implied through context. Kyrgyz lacks several <a href="/wiki/Analytic_language" title="Analytic language">analytic</a> grammatical features that english has, these include: <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_verb" title="Auxiliary verb">auxiliary verbs</a> (ex: to have), <a href="/wiki/Definite_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Definite article">definite articles</a> (ex: the), <a href="/wiki/Indefinite_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Indefinite articles">indefinite articles</a> (ex: a/an), and <a href="/wiki/Modal_verb" title="Modal verb">modal verbs</a> (ex: should; will), <a href="/wiki/Dependent_clause" title="Dependent clause">dependent clauses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_conjugation" title="Grammatical conjugation">subordinating conjugations</a> (ex: that; before; while). Kyrgyz instead replaces these with various <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_language" title="Synthetic language">synthetic</a> grammatical substutes.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style></p><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kyrgyz_language" title="Special:EditPage/Kyrgyz language">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Case">Case</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Case" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Nouns in Kyrgyz take a number of <a href="/wiki/Declension" title="Declension">case</a> endings that change based on vowel harmony and the sort of <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a> they follow (see <a href="#Phonology">the section on phonology</a>). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Case </th> <th>Underlying form </th> <th>Possible forms </th> <th>"<i>boat</i>"</th> <th>"<i>air</i>"</th> <th>"<i>bucket</i>"</th> <th>"<i>hand</i>"</th> <th>"<i>head</i>"</th> <th>"<i>salt</i>"</th> <th>"<i>eye</i>" </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nominative </th> <td colspan="2" align="center">— </td> <td>кеме</td> <td>аба</td> <td>челек</td> <td>кол</td> <td>баш</td> <td>туз</td> <td>көз </td></tr> <tr> <th>Genitive </th> <td>-NIn </td> <td>-нын, -нин, -дын, -дин, -тын, -тин, -нун, -нүн, -дун, -дүн, -тун, -түн </td> <td>кеме<b>нин</b></td> <td>аба<b>нын</b></td> <td>челек<b>тин</b></td> <td>кол<b>дун</b></td> <td>баш<b>тын</b></td> <td>туз<b>дун</b></td> <td>көз<b>дүн</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dative </th> <td>-GA </td> <td>-га, -ка, -ге, -ке, -го, -ко, -гө, -кө </td> <td>кеме<b>ге</b></td> <td>аба<b>га</b></td> <td>челек<b>ке</b></td> <td>кол<b>го</b></td> <td>баш<b>ка</b></td> <td>туз<b>га</b></td> <td>көз<b>гө</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Accusative </th> <td>-NI </td> <td>-ны, -ни, -ды, -ди, -ты, -ти, -ну, -нү, -ду, -дү, -ту, -тү </td> <td>кеме<b>ни</b></td> <td>аба<b>ны</b></td> <td>челек<b>ти</b></td> <td>кол<b>ду</b></td> <td>баш<b>ты</b></td> <td>туз<b>ду</b></td> <td>көз<b>дү</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Locative </th> <td>-DA </td> <td>-да, -де, -та, -те, -до, -дө, -то, -тө </td> <td>кеме<b>де</b></td> <td>аба<b>да</b></td> <td>челек<b>те</b></td> <td>кол<b>до</b></td> <td>баш<b>та</b></td> <td>туз<b>да</b></td> <td>көз<b>дө</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ablative </th> <td>-DAn </td> <td>-дан, -ден, -тан, -тен, -дон, -дөн, -тон, -төн </td> <td>кеме<b>ден</b></td> <td>аба<b>дан</b></td> <td>челек<b>тен</b></td> <td>кол<b>дон</b></td> <td>баш<b>тан</b></td> <td>туз<b>дан</b></td> <td>көз<b>дөн</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Normally the decision between the <a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">velar</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡ<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>ɣ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k]</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">uvular</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɢ<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[χ<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>q]</span>) pronunciation of <span class="nowrap">⟨г⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨к⟩</span> is based on the backness of the following vowel—i.e. <a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">back vowels</a> imply a uvular rendering and <a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">front vowels</a> imply a velar rendering—and the vowel in suffixes is decided based on the preceding vowel in the word. However, with the dative suffix in Kyrgyz, the vowel is decided normally, but the decision between velars and uvulars can be decided based on a contacting consonant, for example банк /bank/ 'bank' + GA yields банкка <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/bankka/</span>, not <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/bankqa/</span> as predicted by the following vowel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pronouns" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Kyrgyz has eight personal pronouns: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Personal pronouns </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th>singular </th> <th>plural </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1st person </th> <td>Мен (Men) </td> <td>Биз (Biz) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2nd person </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">informal</span> </th> <td>Сен (Sen)</td> <td>Силер (Siler) </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">formal</span> </th> <td>Сиз (Siz)</td> <td>Сиздер (Sizder) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">3rd person </th> <td>Ал (Al)</td> <td>Алар (Alar) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The declension of the pronouns is outlined in the following chart. Singular pronouns (with the exception of сиз, which used to be plural) exhibit irregularities, while plural pronouns don't. Irregular forms are highlighted in bold. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Declension of pronouns </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3"> </th> <th colspan="4">Singular </th> <th colspan="4">Plural </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1st </th> <th colspan="2">2nd </th> <th rowspan="2">3rd </th> <th rowspan="2">1st </th> <th colspan="2">2nd </th> <th rowspan="2">3rd </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">informal</span></th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">formal</span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">informal</span></th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">formal</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nom </th> <td>мен</td> <td>сен</td> <td>сиз</td> <td>ал</td> <td>биз</td> <td>силер</td> <td>сиздер</td> <td>алар </td></tr> <tr> <th>Acc </th> <td><b>мени</b></td> <td><b>сени</b></td> <td>сизди</td> <td><b>аны</b></td> <td>бизди</td> <td>силерди</td> <td>сиздерди</td> <td>аларды </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gen </th> <td><b>менин</b></td> <td><b>сенин</b></td> <td>сиздин</td> <td><b>анын</b></td> <td>биздин</td> <td>силердин</td> <td>сиздердин</td> <td>алардын </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dat </th> <td><b>мага</b></td> <td><b>сага</b></td> <td>сизге</td> <td><b>ага</b></td> <td>бизге</td> <td>силерге</td> <td>сиздерге</td> <td>аларга </td></tr> <tr> <th>Loc </th> <td>менде</td> <td>сенде</td> <td>сизде</td> <td>анда</td> <td>бизде</td> <td>силерде</td> <td>сиздерде</td> <td>аларда </td></tr> <tr> <th>Abl </th> <td>менден</td> <td>сенден</td> <td>сизден</td> <td>андан</td> <td>бизден</td> <td>силерден</td> <td>сиздерден</td> <td>алардан </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition to the pronouns, there are several more sets of morphemes dealing with person. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Morphemes indicating person </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"></th> <th>pronouns</th> <th>copulas</th> <th>present tense</th> <th>possessive endings</th> <th>past/conditional</th> <th>imperative </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1st sg </th> <td>мен</td> <td>-mIn</td> <td>-mIn</td> <td>-(I)m</td> <td>-(I)m</td> <td>-AyIN </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2nd sg </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">informal</span> </th> <td>сен</td> <td>-sIŋ</td> <td>-sIŋ</td> <td>-(I)ŋ</td> <td>-(I)ŋ</td> <td>—, -GIn </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">formal</span> </th> <td>сиз</td> <td>-sIz</td> <td>-sIz</td> <td>-(I)ŋIz</td> <td>-(I)ŋIz</td> <td>-GIlA </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">3rd sg </th> <td>ал</td> <td>—</td> <td>-t</td> <td>-(s)I(n)</td> <td>—</td> <td>-sIn </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1st pl </th> <td>биз</td> <td>-BIz</td> <td>-BIz</td> <td>-(I)bIz</td> <td>-(I)K</td> <td>-AyIK </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2nd pl </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">informal</span> </th> <td>силер</td> <td>-sIŋAr</td> <td>-sIŋAr</td> <td>-(I)ŋAr</td> <td>-(I)ŋAr</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">formal</span> </th> <td>сиздер</td> <td>-sIzdAr</td> <td>-sIzdAr</td> <td>-(I)ŋIzdAr</td> <td>-(I)nIzdAr</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">3rd pl </th> <td>алар</td> <td>—</td> <td>-(I)şAt</td> <td>-(s)I(n)</td> <td>—</td> <td>-sIn, -IşsIn </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbs">Verbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Verbs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Verbs are conjugated by analyzing the root verb: 1) determine whether the end letter is a vowel or consonant 2) add appropriate suffix while following vowel-harmony/shift rules. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Simple present tense conjugations (Peace Corps) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th>Per. Pronoun </th> <th>Vowel </th> <th>Consonant </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1st sg </th> <td>Мен </td> <td>-м </td> <td>-м </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2nd pl </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">informal</span> </th> <td>Сен </td> <td>-йс<ң </td> <td>-йс<ң </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">formal</span> </th> <td>Сиз </td> <td>-йс<з </td> <td>-йс<з </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">3rd sg </th> <td>Ал </td> <td>-йт </td> <td>-йт </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1st pl </th> <td>Биз </td> <td>-йб>з </td> <td>-<б>з </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2nd pl </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">informal</span> </th> <td>Силер </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">formal</span> </th> <td>Сиздер </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">3rd pl </th> <td>Алар </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_clauses">Subordinate clauses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Subordinate clauses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>To form <a href="/wiki/Complement_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Complement clause">complement clauses</a>, Kyrgyz nominalises verb phrases. For example, "I don't know what I saw" would be: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">Мен</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Men</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">эмнени</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">emneni</p><p style="margin: 0px;">what-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="accusative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ACC</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="definite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DEF</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">көргөнүмдү</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">körgönümdü</p><p style="margin: 0px;">see-ing-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="accusative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ACC</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="definite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DEF</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">билбейм</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bilbeym</p><p style="margin: 0px;">know-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="negation/negative" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NEG</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">Мен эмнени көргөнүмдү билбейм</p><p style="display: none;">Men emneni körgönümdü bilbeym</p><p style="display: none;">I what-ACC.DEF see-ing-1SG-ACC.DEF know-NEG-1SG</p><p style="clear: left;">roughly "I don't know my having seen what," where the verb phrase "I saw what" is treated as a nominal object of the verb "to know."</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>The sentence above is also an excellent example of Kyrgyz vowel harmony; notice that all the vowel sounds are front vowels. </p><p>Several nominalisation strategies are used depending on the temporal properties of the relativised verb phrase: -GAn(dIK) for general past tense, -AAr for future/potential unrealised events, and -A turgan(dɯq) for non-perfective events are the most common. The copula has an irregular relativised form экен(дик) which may be used equivalently to forms of the verb бол- <i>be</i> (болгон(дук), болор). Relativised verb forms may, and often do, take nominal possessive endings as well as case endings. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Sample_text">Sample text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sample text" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Cyrillic script</dt> <dd><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky">Бардык адамдар өз беделинде жана укуктарында эркин жана тең укуктуу болуп жаралат. Алардын аң-сезими менен абийири бар жана бири-бирине бир туугандык мамиле кылууга тийиш.</span></span></dd> <dt>Arabic script</dt> <dd><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;" dir="rtl"><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky-Arab" dir="rtl">باردىق ادامدار ۅز بەدەلينده جانا وُقوُقتارىندا ەرکین جانا تەڭ ۇقۇقتۇۇ بولۇپ جارالات. الاردىن اڭ-سەزیمی مەنەن ابئییری بار جانا بئرى-بئرینه بئر توُوُعاندىق مامئلە قىلوُوُعا تئییش.</span></span></span></dd> <dt>Latin script</dt> <dd><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><i lang="ky-Latn">Bardyk adamdar öz bedelinde jana ukuktarynda erkin jana teng ukuktuu bolup jaralat. Alardyn ang-sezimi menen abiiri bar jana biri-birine bir tuugandyk mamile kyluuga tiish.</i></span></dd> <dt>IPA transcription</dt> <dd><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[bɑɾˈdɯq<span class="wrap"> </span>ɑdɑmˈdɑɾ<span class="wrap"> </span>øz<span class="wrap"> </span>bedelɪnˈde<span class="wrap"> </span>d͡ʒɑˈnɑ<span class="wrap"> </span>uquqtɑɾɯnˈdɑ<span class="wrap"> </span>eɾˈkin<span class="wrap"> </span>d͡ʒɑˈnɑ<span class="wrap"> </span>teŋ<span class="wrap"> </span>uquqˈtuː<span class="wrap"> </span>boˈɫup<span class="wrap"> </span>d͡ʒɑɾɑˈɫɑt<span class="wrap"> </span>‖<span class="wrap"> </span>ɑɫɑɾˈdɯn<span class="wrap"> </span>ɑɴ‿seziˈmi<span class="wrap"> </span>meˈnen<span class="wrap"> </span>ɑβijiˈɾi<span class="wrap"> </span>bɑr<span class="wrap"> </span>d͡ʒɑˈnɑ<span class="wrap"> </span>biɾi‿βiɾiˈne<span class="wrap"> </span>biɾ<span class="wrap"> </span>tuːʁɑnˈdɯq<span class="wrap"> </span>mamiˈle<span class="wrap"> </span>qɯɫuːˈʁɑ<span class="wrap"> </span>tiˈjiɕ<span class="wrap"> </span>‖]</span></dd> <dt>English translation</dt> <dd>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.</dd></dl> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BGN/PCGN_romanization_of_Kyrgyz" title="BGN/PCGN romanization of Kyrgyz">BGN/PCGN romanization of Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Kyrgyz" title="Romanization of Kyrgyz">Romanization of Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">English: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɪər/: 'ear' in 'near'">ɪər</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a>: <span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky">Кыргыз тили / Кыргызча</span></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a>: <span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><i lang="ky-Latn">Kyrgyz tili / Kyrgyzcha</i></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>: <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">قىرعىز تئلى / قىرعىزچا</span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ky-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">[qɯrˈʁɯz<span class="wrap"> </span>tɪˈlɪ]</a></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e26-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e26_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kir">Kyrgyz</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (26th ed., 2023) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><noscript><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" data-alt="Closed access icon" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Кызласов И. Л., <i>Рунические письменности евразийских степей</i> (Kyzlasov I.L. <i>Runic scripts of Eurasian steppes</i>), Восточная литература (Eastern Literature), Moscow, 1994, pp. 80 on, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-02-017741-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-02-017741-3">978-5-02-017741-3</a>, with further bibliography.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltynbayev" class="citation web cs1">Altynbayev, Kanat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://central.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_ca/features/2019/09/24/feature-02">"Kyrgyzstan considers switch to Latin alphabet from Cyrillic"</a>. <i>Caravanserai</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caravanserai&rft.atitle=Kyrgyzstan+considers+switch+to+Latin+alphabet+from+Cyrillic&rft.aulast=Altynbayev&rft.aufirst=Kanat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcentral.asia-news.com%2Fen_GB%2Farticles%2Fcnmi_ca%2Ffeatures%2F2019%2F09%2F24%2Ffeature-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kirg1245">"Glottolog 4.3 - Kirghiz"</a>. <i>glottolog.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=glottolog.org&rft.atitle=Glottolog+4.3+-+Kirghiz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fkirg1245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AzG5llo3YCMC&pg=PA110">Tchoroev (Chorotegin) 2003</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LbmP_1KIQ_8C&pg=PA113">Pozzi & Janhunen & Weiers 2006, p. 113.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StaryPozzi2006-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StaryPozzi2006_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiovanni_StaryAlessandra_PozziJuha_Antero_JanhunenMichael_Weiers2006" class="citation book cs1">Giovanni Stary; Alessandra Pozzi; Juha Antero Janhunen; Michael Weiers (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LbmP_1KIQ_8C&pg=PA112"><i>Tumen Jalafun Jecen Aku: Manchu Studies in Honour of Giovanni Stary</i></a>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 112–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-05378-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-05378-5"><bdi>978-3-447-05378-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tumen+Jalafun+Jecen+Aku%3A+Manchu+Studies+in+Honour+of+Giovanni+Stary&rft.pages=112-&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-447-05378-5&rft.au=Giovanni+Stary&rft.au=Alessandra+Pozzi&rft.au=Juha+Antero+Janhunen&rft.au=Michael+Weiers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLbmP_1KIQ_8C%26pg%3DPA112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.langcen.cam.ac.uk/resources/langk/kyrgyz.html">"Kyrgyz (Kirgiz, Kyrghyz, Kirghiz)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kyrgyz+%28Kirgiz%2C+Kyrghyz%2C+Kirghiz%29&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.langcen.cam.ac.uk%2Fresources%2Flangk%2Fkyrgyz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallahan2007" class="citation journal cs1">Callahan, Ted (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43123791">"The Kyrgyz of the Afghan Pamir Ride On"</a>. <i>Nomadic Peoples</i>. <b>11</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">39–</span>48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3167%2Fnp.2007.110103">10.3167/np.2007.110103</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0822-7942">0822-7942</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43123791">43123791</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nomadic+Peoples&rft.atitle=The+Kyrgyz+of+the+Afghan+Pamir+Ride+On&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E48&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=0822-7942&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43123791%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3167%2Fnp.2007.110103&rft.aulast=Callahan&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43123791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKara2003">Kara (2003</a>:10)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWashington2007">Washington (2007</a>:11)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWashington2006b">Washington (2006b</a>:2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kara11-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kara11_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kara11_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKara2003">Kara (2003</a>:11)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHays" class="citation web cs1">Hays, Jeffrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factsanddetails.com/china/cat5/4sub6/entry-4342.html">"KYRGYZ IN CHINA | Facts and Details"</a>. <i>factsanddetails.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dissertationtopic.net&rft.atitle=Russian+Loanwords+in+Kyrgyz+-+PhD+thesis+-+Dissertation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dissertationtopic.net%2Fdoc%2F1508512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJumabaevaAbylkasymove1996" class="citation book cs1">Jumabaeva, Guliam; Abylkasymove, Miriam (June 1996). <i>Kyrgyz Language Manual</i> (in English and kgz). Bishkek: Peace Corps, Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan). pp. <span class="nowrap">13–</span>18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kyrgyz+Language+Manual&rft.place=Bishkek&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E18&rft.pub=Peace+Corps%2C+Bishkek+%28Kyrgyzstan%29&rft.date=1996-06&rft.aulast=Jumabaeva&rft.aufirst=Guliam&rft.au=Abylkasymove%2C+Miriam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language" title="Category:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-kyrgyzstan-dairy-products-banned-cyrillic-latin/32373802.html">Russia Suspends Dairy Products From Kyrgyzstan After Calls In Bishkek To Drop Cyrillic Script</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Free Europe">Radio Free Europe</a>, 21 April 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/kirghiz.htm">"Kyrgyz language and alphabets"</a>. <i>omniglot.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=omniglot.com&rft.atitle=Kyrgyz+language+and+alphabets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fkirghiz.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B">Kyrgyz edition of Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKara2003" class="citation cs2">Kara, Dávid Somfai (2003), <i>Kyrgyz</i>, Lincom Europa, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89586-843-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89586-843-6"><bdi>978-3-89586-843-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kyrgyz&rft.pub=Lincom+Europa&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-89586-843-6&rft.aulast=Kara&rft.aufirst=D%C3%A1vid+Somfai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Krippes, Karl A. 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(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-103876-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-103876-1">978-92-3-103876-1</a>).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashington2006b" class="citation cs2">Washington, Jonathan North (2006b), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113052100/http://jnw.name/papers/2006wi-kgvowels.pdf"><i>Root Vowels and Affix Vowels: Height Effects in Kyrgyz Vowel Harmony</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jnw.name/papers/2006wi-kgvowels.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-12</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Root+Vowels+and+Affix+Vowels%3A+Height+Effects+in+Kyrgyz+Vowel+Harmony&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Washington&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+North&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjnw.name%2Fpapers%2F2006wi-kgvowels.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashington2007" class="citation cs2">Washington, Jonathan North (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113003703/http://jnw.name/papers/2007su-kyrgyz_handout.pdf"><i>Phonetic and Phonological Problems in Kyrgyz: A Fulbrighter's plans for gathering data in the field</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jnw.name/papers/2007su-kyrgyz_handout.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-29</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phonetic+and+Phonological+Problems+in+Kyrgyz%3A+A+Fulbrighter%27s+plans+for+gathering+data+in+the+field&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Washington&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+North&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjnw.name%2Fpapers%2F2007su-kyrgyz_handout.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 37px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="37" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ky:"> Kyrgyz edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_phrasebook#Q9255" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Kyrgyz phrasebook">Kyrgyz</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kyrgyz_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz language</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://konyvtar.uni-pannon.hu/doktori/2023/Askarbek_Mambetaliev_dissertation.pdf">Language Policies, Attitudes, and Beliefs in Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://el-sozduk.kg/">El-Sozduk – English-Kyrgyz online dictionary, phrasebook, Android app</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/27246121/Vitality_of_the_Kyrgyz_Language_in_Bishkek">Ferdinand, S. & Komlósi, F. 2016. Vitality of the Kyrgyz Language in Bishkek</a>. IJORS, 5/2, pp. 210–226.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605042652/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=62&menu=004">Kyrgyz language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113052100/http://jnw.name/papers/2006wi-kgvowels.pdf">Root Vowels and Affix Vowels: Height Effects in Kyrgyz Vowel Harmony</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041122163308/http://www.jica.go.jp/branch/hiro/jigyo/pdf/study_kyr.pdf">事前学習補助教材Кыргыз тили （キルギス語）</a>" (Kyrgyz exercises; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20041122163308/http://www.jica.go.jp/branch/hiro/jigyo/pdf/study_kyr.pdf">Archive</a>) - <a href="/wiki/Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Japan International Cooperation Agency">Japan International Cooperation Agency</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130161232/http://sras.org/english_kyrgyz_phrasebook">The Talking Kyrgyz Phrasebook</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512160321/http://kyrgyz.lugovsa.net/index.htm">Кыргыз тили</a> – Kyrgyz language resources (in Russian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translit.kerben.org/">Кербен Translit</a> – Easy Kyrgyz-Cyrillic–Latin converter</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transliteration.kpr.eu/ky/">Kyrgyz Cyrillic–Arabic–Latin converter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120215014904/http://akipress.org/dic/">Kyrgyz–Russian–English Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://literatura.kg/articles/?aid=620/">Kyrgyz Latin Alphabet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120223055303/http://www.gaspirali.net/ky/sozluk/">Kyrgyz-Turkish Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pauctle.com/kgtr/">Kyrgyz<>Turkish dictionary</a> (Pamukkale University)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091211052725/http://inostran.org/idiom.php?l=kyr">Russian-Kyrgyz Kyrgyz-Russian Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz – Apertium</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&oldid=1274768573">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&oldid=1274768573</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="108.160.120.147" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1739073001"> <span>Last edited on 9 February 2025, at 03:50</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Кыргызыбзэ – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Кыргызыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisies" title="Kirgisies – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kirgisies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AA%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%8A%E1%8B%9D%E1%8A%9B" title="ኪርጊዝኛ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኪርጊዝኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="किर्गिज़ भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="किर्गिज़ भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9F%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аҟыргыз бызшәа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҟыргыз бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة القرغيزية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة القرغيزية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_kirgu%C3%ADs" title="Idioma kirguís – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma kirguís" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C4%9F%C4%B1z_dili" title="Qırğız dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qırğız dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AC%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="قیرغیز تورکجه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قیرغیز تورکجه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="কিরগিজ ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিরগিজ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz-g%C3%AD" title="Kyrgyz-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kyrgyz-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D2%99_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Ҡырғыҙ теле – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡырғыҙ теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кіргізская мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіргізская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кыргыская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кыргыская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Киргизки език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Киргизки език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiski_jezik" title="Kirgiski jezik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kirgiski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizeg" title="Kirgizeg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kirgizeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgu%C3%ADs" title="Kirguís – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kirguís" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%81_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Кăркăс чĕлхи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кăркăс чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz%C5%A1tina" title="Kyrgyzština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyrgyzština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirgiseg" title="Cirgiseg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cirgiseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisisk_(sprog)" title="Kirgisisk (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kirgisisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisische_Sprache" title="Kirgisische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kirgisische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiisi_keel" title="Kirgiisi keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirgiisi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Κιργιζική γλώσσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κιργιζική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Киргизэнь кель – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Киргизэнь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_kirgu%C3%ADs" title="Idioma kirguís – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma kirguís" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiza_lingvo" title="Kirgiza lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kirgiza lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizera" title="Kirgizera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kirgizera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="زبان قرقیزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان قرقیزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_bhasa" title="Kyrgyz bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kyrgyz bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirghize" title="Kirghize – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kirghize" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizysk" title="Kirgizysk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kirgizysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chirgisis" title="An Chirgisis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chirgisis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1rg%C4%B1z_dili" title="Kırgız dili – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kırgız dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_kirguiz" title="Lingua kirguiz – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua kirguiz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="ГӀиргӀизой мотт – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ГӀиргӀизой мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz-ng%C3%AE" title="Kyrgyz-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kyrgyz-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="키르기스어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키르기스어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaren_Kyrgyzstan" title="Yaren Kyrgyzstan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaren Kyrgyzstan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D6%80%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ղրղզերեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ղրղզերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="किर्गिज़ भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="किर्गिज़ भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgi%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Kirgišćina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kirgišćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiski_jezik" title="Kirgiski jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kirgiski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Kirgistan" title="Pagsasao a Kirgistan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Kirgistan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Kirgiz" title="Bahasa Kirgiz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Kirgiz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Хъыргъызаг æвзаг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хъыргъызаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_kirghisa" title="Lingua kirghisa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua kirghisa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA" title="קירגיזית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קירגיזית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ყირგიზული ენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყირგიზული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Қырғыз тілі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қырғыз тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igikirigizi" title="Igikirigizi – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igikirigizi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikirgizi" title="Kikirgizi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kikirgizi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Кыргыз кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кыргыз кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizava" title="Kirgizava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Kirgizava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_qirgiz%C3%AE" title="Zimanê qirgizî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê qirgizî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Кыргыз тили – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кыргыз тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Kyrgyzica" title="Lingua Kyrgyzica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Kyrgyzica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirg%C4%ABzu_valoda" title="Kirgīzu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kirgīzu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiz%C5%B3_kalba" title="Kirgizų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kirgizų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiz_nyelv" title="Kirgiz nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kirgiz nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Киргиски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Киргиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_kirgizy" title="Fiteny kirgizy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny kirgizy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="കിർഗിസ് ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കിർഗിസ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9D_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="किर्गिझ भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="किर्गिझ भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ყირგიზული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყირგიზული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%89" title="لغه كيرجيزى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه كيرجيزى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="قرقیزی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="قرقیزی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Kyrgyz" title="Bahasa Kyrgyz – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Kyrgyz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Kyrgyz-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kyrgyz-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Киргиз хэл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Киргиз хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizisch" title="Kirgizisch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kirgizisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="किरगिज भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="किरगिज भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%82%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="キルギス語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キルギス語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="ГӀиргӀазойн мотт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀиргӀазойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiisk_spriak" title="Kirgiisk spriak – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kirgiisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisisk" title="Kirgisisk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kirgisisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisisk" title="Kirgisisk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kirgisisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirguiz" title="Quirguiz – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quirguiz" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qirg%CA%BBiz_tili" title="Qirgʻiz tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qirgʻiz tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کرغیز بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کرغیز بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="قرغزي ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قرغزي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiergi" title="Kiergi – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kiergi" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_kirghiz" title="Lenga kirghiz – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga kirghiz" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_kirgiski" title="Język kirgiski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język kirgiski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_quirguiz" title="Língua quirguiz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua quirguiz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C7%B5%C4%B1z_t%D1%96l%D1%96" title="Qırǵız tіlі – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qırǵız tіlі" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C4%9F%C4%B1z_tili" title="Qırğız tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qırğız tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_kirghiz%C4%83" title="Limba kirghiză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba kirghiză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkis_simi" title="Kirkis simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kirkis simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%91%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Кырґызськый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кырґызськый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Киргизский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киргизский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Кыргыыс тыла – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кыргыыс тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱠᱤᱨᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱤᱨᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_Chirghisa" title="Limba Chirghisa – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba Chirghisa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_leid" title="Kyrgyz leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kyrgyz leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kyrgyz language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiz%C5%A1tina" title="Kirgizština – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kirgizština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgi%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Kirgiščina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kirgiščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgysk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Kyrgyskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kyrgyskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="زمانی قرغیزی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی قرغیزی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Киргиски језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Киргиски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiski_jezik" title="Kirgiski jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kirgiski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiisin_kieli" title="Kirgiisin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirgiisin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiziska" title="Kirgiziska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kirgiziska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Kirgis" title="Wikang Kirgis – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Kirgis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="கிருகிசு மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிருகிசு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takirgizit" title="Takirgizit – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Takirgizit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Кыргыз теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кыргыз теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B" title="ภาษาคีร์กีซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาคีร์กีซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%B7%D3%A3" title="Забони қирғизӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони қирғизӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1rg%C4%B1zca" title="Kırgızca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kırgızca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyrgyz_dili" title="Gyrgyz dili – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gyrgyz dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Киргиз кыл – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Киргиз кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Киргизька мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Киргизька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کرغیز زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرغیز زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%89%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="قىرغىز تىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قىرغىز تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Kyrgyz" title="Tiếng Kyrgyz – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Kyrgyz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C%E8%AF%AD" title="柯尔克孜语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="柯尔克孜语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87" title="吉爾吉斯文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="吉爾吉斯文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C4%9F%C4%B1zki" title="Qırğızki – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qırğızki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkizu_kalba" title="Kirkizu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kirkizu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C%E8%AF%AD" title="柯尔克孜语 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="柯尔克孜语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Kirghiz" title="Basa Kirghiz – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Kirghiz" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 February 2025, at 03:50<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li 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