CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Sputnik 2 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ded07bf4-c787-48a9-ab65-5aa7eb942be2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Sputnik_2","wgTitle":"Sputnik 2","wgCurRevisionId":1255228344,"wgRevisionId":1255228344,"wgArticleId":81978,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Source attribution","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","CS1 maint: unfit URL","CS1: long volume value","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages with Russian IPA","Articles containing Russian-language text","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Biosatellites","Spacecraft launched in 1957","1957 in the Soviet Union","Earth observation satellites of the Soviet Union","Spacecraft which reentered in 1958","Soviet inventions","Sputnik", "1958 in the Soviet Union","Animal testing in the Soviet Union","Dogs in the Soviet Union"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Sputnik_2","wgRelevantArticleId":81978,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q190555","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media", "site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Laika_ac_Sputnik_2_Replica_%286995685051%29.jpg/1200px-Laika_ac_Sputnik_2_Replica_%286995685051%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Laika_ac_Sputnik_2_Replica_%286995685051%29.jpg/800px-Laika_ac_Sputnik_2_Replica_%286995685051%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Laika_ac_Sputnik_2_Replica_%286995685051%29.jpg/640px-Laika_ac_Sputnik_2_Replica_%286995685051%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="960"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Sputnik 2 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sputnik_2 rootpage-Sputnik_2 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sputnik+2" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sputnik+2" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sputnik+2" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sputnik+2" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spacecraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spacecraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Spacecraft</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Spacecraft-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Spacecraft subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Spacecraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Passenger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passenger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Passenger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Passenger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Experiments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Experiments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Experiments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Experiments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Launch_preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch_preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Launch preparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch_preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geopolitical_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geopolitical_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Geopolitical impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geopolitical_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Experimental_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Experimental_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Experimental data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Experimental_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surviving_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surviving_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Surviving examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surviving_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sputnik 2</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoetnik_2" title="Spoetnik 2 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spoetnik 2" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%83_2" title="سبوتنك 2 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سبوتنك 2" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik-2" title="Sputnik-2 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sputnik-2" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A7%A8" title="স্পুটনিক ২ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্পুটনিক ২" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA-2" title="Спутник-2 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спутник-2" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%BAtnik_2" title="Spútnik 2 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Spútnik 2" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA_2" title="Σπούτνικ 2 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σπούτνικ 2" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9-%DB%B2" title="اسپوتنیک-۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپوتنیک-۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoutnik_2" title="Spoutnik 2 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Spoutnik 2" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%91%B8%ED%8A%B8%EB%8B%88%ED%81%AC_2%ED%98%B8" title="스푸트니크 2호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스푸트니크 2호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnjik_2" title="Sputnjik 2 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sputnjik 2" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%BAtnik_2" title="Spútnik 2 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Spútnik 2" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7_2" title="ספוטניק 2 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספוטניק 2" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99-2" title="სპუტნიკ-2 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სპუტნიკ-2" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik-2" title="Sputnik-2 – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sputnik-2" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szputnyik%E2%80%932" title="Szputnyik–2 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szputnyik–2" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_2" title="Спутник 2 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Спутник 2" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_2" title="സ്പുട്നിക്ക് 2 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്പുട്നിക്ക് 2" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoetnik_2" title="Spoetnik 2 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spoetnik 2" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%97%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AF2%E5%8F%B7" title="スプートニク2号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スプートニク2号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotnik_2" title="Spotnik 2 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Spotnik 2" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA-2" title="Спутник-2 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спутник-2" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A-2" title="ස්පුට්නික්-2 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්පුට්නික්-2" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D9%A2" title="سپوتنیک-٢ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سپوتنیک-٢" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%BA_2" title="Спутњик 2 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Спутњик 2" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnjik_2" title="Sputnjik 2 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sputnjik 2" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_2" title="இசுப்புட்னிக் 2 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுப்புட்னிக் 2" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81_2" title="สปุตนิก 2 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สปุตนิก 2" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA-2" title="Супутник-2 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Супутник-2" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%86%DA%A9_2" title="اسپتنک 2 – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسپتنک 2" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sputnik 2" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B2%E8%99%9F" title="史普尼克2號 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="史普尼克2號" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q190555#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Sputnik_2" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_2"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_2"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Sputnik_2" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Sputnik_2" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&oldid=1255228344" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Sputnik_2&id=1255228344&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSputnik_2"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSputnik_2"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sputnik_2&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sputnik-2" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q190555" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Second spacecraft launched into Earth orbit (1957)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">Sputnik 2</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Laika_ac_Sputnik_2_Replica_(6995685051).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Laika_ac_Sputnik_2_Replica_%286995685051%29.jpg/260px-Laika_ac_Sputnik_2_Replica_%286995685051%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Laika_ac_Sputnik_2_Replica_%286995685051%29.jpg/390px-Laika_ac_Sputnik_2_Replica_%286995685051%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Laika_ac_Sputnik_2_Replica_%286995685051%29.jpg/520px-Laika_ac_Sputnik_2_Replica_%286995685051%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Model of Sputnik 2 at the <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Museum_of_Cosmonautics" title="Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics">Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data">Bioscience</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/OKB-1" class="mw-redirect" title="OKB-1">OKB-1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Harvard designation</th><td class="infobox-data">1957 Beta 1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1957-002A">1957-002A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190555#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">00003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">162 days</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbits completed</th><td class="infobox-data">2570</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Korolev_Design_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Korolev Design Bureau">OKB-1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">508.3 kilograms (1,121 lb)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Crew</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crew size</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Members</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laika" title="Laika">Laika</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">3 November 1957, 02:30<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1957-11-03UTC02:30Z</span>)</span> UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(rocket)" title="Sputnik (rocket)">Sputnik 8K71PS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 1">1/5</a><sup id="cite_ref-log_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-log-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last contact</th><td class="infobox-data">14 April 1958</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decay date</th><td class="infobox-data">14 April 1958<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1958-04-15</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_axis" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-major axis">Semi-major axis</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,306 kilometres (4,540 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.0990965</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">212 kilometres (132 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,659 kilometres (1,031 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">65.33°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">103.73 minutes<sup id="cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdcsput2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3 November 1957</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnik program">Sputnik program</a></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_3" title="Sputnik 3">Sputnik 3</a> →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sputnik 2</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Russian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈsputʲnʲɪk]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Спутник-2</span>, <i>Satellite 2</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em;">)</span>, or <b>Prosteyshiy Sputnik 2</b> (<b>PS-2</b>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <i lang="ru">Простейший Спутник 2</i>, <i>Simplest Satellite 2</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em;">)</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-challenge_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-challenge-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 155">: 155 </span></sup> launched on 3 November 1957, was the second <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> launched into <a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Earth orbit</a>, and the first to carry an animal into orbit, a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs" title="Soviet space dogs">Soviet space dog</a> named <a href="/wiki/Laika" title="Laika">Laika</a>. </p><p>Launched by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> via a modified <a href="/wiki/R-7_Semyorka" title="R-7 Semyorka">R-7 intercontinental ballistic missile</a>, Sputnik 2 was a 4-metre-high (13 ft) cone-shaped capsule with a base diameter of 2 metres (6.6 ft) that weighed around 500 kilograms (1,100 lb), though it was not designed to separate from the rocket core that brought it to orbit, bringing the total mass in orbit to 7.79 tonnes (17,200 lb). It contained several compartments for <a href="/wiki/Radio_transmitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio transmitter">radio transmitters</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Telemetry" title="Telemetry">telemetry</a> system, a programming unit, a regeneration and <a href="/wiki/Temperature_control" title="Temperature control">temperature-control</a> system for the cabin, and scientific instruments. A separate sealed cabin contained the dog <a href="/wiki/Laika" title="Laika">Laika</a>. </p><p>Though Laika died shortly after reaching orbit, Sputnik 2 marked another huge success for the Soviet Union in <a href="/wiki/The_Space_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="The Space Race">The Space Race</a>, lofting a (for the time) huge payload, sending an animal into orbit, and, for the first time, returning scientific data from above the Earth's atmosphere for an extended period. The satellite reentered Earth's atmosphere on 14 April 1958. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1955, engineer <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tikhonravov" title="Mikhail Tikhonravov">Mikhail Tikhonravov</a> created a proposal for "Object D", a satellite massing 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) to 1,400 kg (3,100 lb), about a fourth of which would be devoted to scientific instruments. Upon learning that this spacecraft would outmass the announced American satellite by nearly 1,000 times, Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> advocated for the proposal, which was approved by the government in Resolution #149-88 of 30 January 1956. Work began on the project in February with a launch date of latter 1957, in time for the <a href="/wiki/International_Geophysical_Year" title="International Geophysical Year">International Geophysical Year</a>. The design was finalized on 24 July.<sup id="cite_ref-rsp_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 25">: 25 </span></sup> </p><p>By the end of 1956, it had become clear that neither the complicated Object D nor the 8A91 satellite launch vehicle version of the R-7 ICBM under development to launch it would be finished in time for a 1957 launch. Thus, in December 1956, <a href="/wiki/OKB-1" class="mw-redirect" title="OKB-1">OKB-1</a> head <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Korolev" title="Sergei Korolev">Sergei Korolev</a> proposed the development of two simpler satellites: PS, Prosteishy Sputnik, or Primitive Satellite. The two PS satellites would be simple spheres massing 83.4 kg (184 lb) and equipped solely with a radio antenna. The project was approved by the government on 25 January 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-drew_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drew-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rsp_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 27">: 27 </span></sup> The choice to launch these two instead of waiting for the more advanced Object D (which would eventually become <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_3" title="Sputnik 3">Sputnik 3</a>) to be finished was largely motivated by the desire to launch a satellite to orbit before the US. The first of these satellites, <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a> (PS-1), was successfully launched 4 October 1957, and became the world's first artificial satellite.<sup id="cite_ref-challenge_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-challenge-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immediately following the launch, <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> asked <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Korolev" title="Sergei Korolev">Sergei Korolev</a> to prepare a Sputnik 2 in time for the 40th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">Bolshevik revolution</a> in early November, just three weeks later.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Details of the conversation vary, but it appears likely that Korolev suggested the idea of flying a dog, while Khrushchev emphasised the importance of the date.<sup id="cite_ref-challenge_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-challenge-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 171–172">: 171–172 </span></sup> </p><p>With only three weeks to prepare, OKB-1 had to scramble to assemble a new satellite. While PS-2 had been built, it was just a ball, identical to PS-1. Fortunately, the <a href="/wiki/R-5_Pobeda" title="R-5 Pobeda">R-5A</a> sounding rocket had recently been used to launch a series of suborbital missions carrying dogs as payloads. Korolev simply requisitioned a payload container used for these missions and had it installed in the upper stage of its <a href="/wiki/R-7_Semyorka" title="R-7 Semyorka">R-7</a> launching rocket directly beneath the PS-2 sphere.<sup id="cite_ref-rsp_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30">: 30 </span></sup> Upon reaching orbit, the final stage or Blok A would detach from the satellite.<sup id="cite_ref-drew_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drew-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No provision was made for the dog's recovery.<sup id="cite_ref-challenge_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-challenge-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 172">: 172 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spacecraft">Spacecraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spacecraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sputnik 2 was a 4-metre-high (13 ft) cone-shaped capsule with a base diameter of 2 metres (6.6 ft) that weighed around 500 kilograms (1,100 lb), though it was not designed to separate from the rocket core that brought it to orbit, bringing the total mass in orbit to 7.79 tonnes (17,200 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Passenger">Passenger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Passenger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Laika" title="Laika">Laika</a></div> <p><i>Laika</i> ("Barker"), formerly <i>Kudryavka</i> (Little Curly), was the part-Samoyed terrier chosen to fly in Sputnik 2.<sup id="cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdcsput2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the shortness of the timeframe, the candidate dog could not be trained for the mission. Again, OKB-1 borrowed from the sounding rocket program, choosing from ten candidates provided by the Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine that were already trained for suborbital missions. Laika was chosen primarily because of her even temperament. Her backup was Albina, who had flown on two<sup id="cite_ref-challenge_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-challenge-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 173">: 173 </span></sup> R-1E missions in June 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-rsp_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> Laika weighed about 6 kg (13 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdcsput2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both Laika and Albina had telemetry wires surgically attached to them before the flight to monitor respiration frequency, pulse, and blood pressure.<sup id="cite_ref-challenge_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-challenge-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 173">: 173 </span></sup> </p><p>The pressurized cabin on Sputnik 2 was padded and allowed enough room for Laika to lie down or stand. An air regeneration system provided oxygen; food and water were dispensed in a gelatinized form. Laika was chained in place and fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Safety_harness" title="Safety harness">harness</a>, a bag to collect waste, and <a href="/wiki/Electrode" title="Electrode">electrodes</a> to monitor vital signs. A television camera was mounted in the passenger compartment to observe Laika. The camera could transmit 100-line video frames at 10 frames/second.<sup id="cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdcsput2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Experiments">Experiments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Experiments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atmospheric_electromagnetic_opacity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Atmospheric_electromagnetic_opacity.svg/300px-Atmospheric_electromagnetic_opacity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Atmospheric_electromagnetic_opacity.svg/450px-Atmospheric_electromagnetic_opacity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Atmospheric_electromagnetic_opacity.svg/600px-Atmospheric_electromagnetic_opacity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>Wavelengths of light blocked by Earth's atmosphere.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sputnik 2 was the first platform capable of making scientific measurements in orbit. This was potentially as significant as the biological payload. The <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth" title="Atmosphere of Earth">Earth's atmosphere</a> blocks the Sun's X-ray and ultraviolet output from ground observation. Moreover, solar output is unpredictable and fluctuates rapidly, making sub-orbital <a href="/wiki/Sounding_rocket" title="Sounding rocket">sounding rockets</a> inadequate for the observation task. Thus a satellite is required for long-term, continuous study of the complete solar spectrum.<sup id="cite_ref-SP100_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SP100-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5–6, 63–65">: 5–6, 63–65 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NAP_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAP-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Accordingly, Sputnik 2 carried two spectrophotometers, one for measuring solar ultraviolet rays and one for measuring X-rays. These instruments were provided by Professor Sergei Mandelstam of the Lebedev Institute of Physics and installed in the nose cone above the spherical PS. In addition, Sergei Vernov, who had completed a cosmic ray detector (using <a href="/wiki/Geiger_counter" title="Geiger counter">Geiger counters</a>) for Object D, demanded that the instrument his Moscow University team (including Naum Grigoriev, Alexander Chudakov, and Yuri Logachev) had built also be carried on the flight. Korolev agreed, but as there was no more room on the satellite proper, the instrument was mounted on the Blok A and given its own battery and telemetry frequency.<sup id="cite_ref-rsp_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30, 32">: 30, 32 </span></sup> </p><p>Engineering and biological data were transmitted using the Tral_D telemetry system, which would transmit data to Earth for 15 minutes of each orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdcsput2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Launch_preparations">Launch preparations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Launch preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sputnik 2's launch vehicle, the R-7 ICBM (also known by the system's GRAU index 8K71)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was modified for the PS-2 satellite launch and designated 8K71PS.<sup id="cite_ref-challenge_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-challenge-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 163">: 163 </span></sup> 8K71PS serial number M1-2PS arrived at the NIIP-5 Test Range, the precursor to the <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a>, on 18 October 1957 for final integration of the rocket stages and satellite payload.<sup id="cite_ref-drew_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drew-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laika was put in the payload container mid-day 31 October, and that night, the payload was attached to the rocket. The container was heated via an external tube against the cold temperatures at the launch site.<sup id="cite_ref-challenge_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-challenge-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 173">: 173 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ussrsputnik2-20kop1957scott2032.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ussrsputnik2-20kop1957scott2032.jpg/150px-Ussrsputnik2-20kop1957scott2032.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ussrsputnik2-20kop1957scott2032.jpg/225px-Ussrsputnik2-20kop1957scott2032.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ussrsputnik2-20kop1957scott2032.jpg/300px-Ussrsputnik2-20kop1957scott2032.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="1775" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamp</a> "Спутник-2"</figcaption></figure> <p>Sputnik 2 was launched at 02:30:42 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> on 3 November 1957 from LC-1 of the NIIP-5 Test Range via Sputnik 8K71PS rocket (the same pad and rocket that launched Sputnik 1)<sup id="cite_ref-log_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-log-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The satellite's orbit was 212 km × 1,660 km (132 mi × 1,031 mi) with a period of 103.7 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdcsput2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After reaching orbit Sputnik 2's nose cone was jettisoned successfully, but the satellite did not separate from the Blok A. This, along with the loss of some thermal insulation, caused temperatures in the spacecraft to soar.<sup id="cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdcsput2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At peak acceleration, Laika's respiration increased to between three and four times the pre-launch rate.<sup id="cite_ref-SPUT1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPUT1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sensors showed her heart rate was 103 beats/min before launch and increased to 240 beats/min during the early acceleration. After three hours of <a href="/wiki/Weightlessness" title="Weightlessness">weightlessness</a>, Laika's pulse rate had settled back to 102 beats/min,<sup id="cite_ref-JAP_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAP-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> three times longer than it had taken during earlier ground tests, an indication of the stress she was under. The early <a href="/wiki/Telemetry" title="Telemetry">telemetry</a> indicated that Laika was agitated but eating her food.<sup id="cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdcsput2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After approximately five to seven hours into the flight, no further signs of life were received from the spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-SPUT1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPUT1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Soviet scientists had planned to euthanise Laika with a serving of poisoned food. For many years, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> gave several conflicting statements that she had died either from <a href="/wiki/Asphyxia" title="Asphyxia">asphyxia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Beischer1962_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beischer1962-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the batteries failed, or that she had been euthanised. Many rumours circulated about the exact manner of her death. In 1999, several Russian sources reported that Laika had died when the cabin overheated on the fourth day.<sup id="cite_ref-AZ_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AZ-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2002, Dimitri Malashenkov, one of the scientists behind the Sputnik<span class="nowrap"> </span>2 mission, revealed that Laika had died by the fourth circuit of flight from overheating. According to a paper he presented to the <a href="/wiki/World_Space_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="World Space Congress">World Space Congress</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a>, "It turned out that it was practically impossible to create a reliable temperature control system in such limited time constraints."<sup id="cite_ref-DM_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DM-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the size of Sputnik 2 and its attached Blok A, the spacecraft was easy to track optically. In its last orbits, the combined body tumbled end over end, flashing brightly before it was incinerated over the north Atlantic after circling the Earth 2,370 times over the course of 162 days.<sup id="cite_ref-rsp_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 32">: 32 </span></sup> The spacecraft reentered the Earth's atmosphere on 14 April 1958, at approximately 0200 hrs, on a line that stretched from New York to the Amazon. Its track was plotted by British ships and three "Moon Watch Observations", from New York. It was said to be glowing and did not develop a tail until it was at latitudes south of 20° North. Estimates put the average length of the tail at about 50 nautical miles (93 km; 58 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geopolitical_impact">Geopolitical impact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geopolitical impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massing 508.3 kg (1,121 lb), Sputnik 2 marked a dramatic leap in orbital mass over Sputnik 1<sup id="cite_ref-challenge_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-challenge-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 173">: 173 </span></sup> as well as the American <a href="/wiki/Vanguard_1" title="Vanguard 1">Vanguard</a>, which had yet to fly.<sup id="cite_ref-rsp_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 25">: 25 </span></sup> The day after Sputnik 2 went into orbit the <a href="/wiki/Gaither_Report" title="Gaither Report">Gaither committee</a> met with <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">President Eisenhower</a> to brief him on the current situation, demanding an urgent and more dramatic response than to the smaller Sputnik 1.<sup id="cite_ref-race_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-race-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26">: 26 </span></sup> It was clear now that the Soviets had missiles far superior to any in the American arsenal,<sup id="cite_ref-drew_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drew-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a fact whose demonstration by Sputnik 2 was eagerly propounded by Soviet Premier Khrushchev at every opportunity. In the U.S.S.R., just six days after the launch of Sputnik 2, on the 40th anniversary of the October revolution, Khrushchev boasted in a speech “Now our first Sputnik is not lonely in its space travels.” Nevertheless, unlike most of the U.S., President Eisenhower kept calm through the time afterward just as he did after Sputnik 1 was launched. According to one of the president's aides, “The president's burning concern was to keep the country from going hog-wild and from embarking on foolish, costly schemes.”<sup id="cite_ref-race_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-race-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26, 31–32">: 26, 31–32 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_Sputnik_2_taken_from_Patrick_AFB_in_March_1958.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Photograph_of_Sputnik_2_taken_from_Patrick_AFB_in_March_1958.jpg/220px-Photograph_of_Sputnik_2_taken_from_Patrick_AFB_in_March_1958.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Photograph_of_Sputnik_2_taken_from_Patrick_AFB_in_March_1958.jpg/330px-Photograph_of_Sputnik_2_taken_from_Patrick_AFB_in_March_1958.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Photograph_of_Sputnik_2_taken_from_Patrick_AFB_in_March_1958.jpg/440px-Photograph_of_Sputnik_2_taken_from_Patrick_AFB_in_March_1958.jpg 2x" data-file-width="659" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of Sputnik 2 and its rocket taken by Air Force personnel at Air Force Missile Test Center, Patrick AFB, Florida, in March 1958.</figcaption></figure> <p>The mission sparked a debate across the globe on the <a href="/wiki/Mistreatment_of_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistreatment of animals">mistreatment of animals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">animal testing</a> in general to advance science.<sup id="cite_ref-NLM_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLM-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United Kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/Dogs_Trust" title="Dogs Trust">National Canine Defence League</a> called on all dog owners to observe a minute's silence on each day Laika remained in space, while the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals">Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals</a> (RSPCA) received protests even before <a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a> had finished announcing the launch. <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a> groups at the time called on members of the public to protest at Soviet embassies.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCold_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCold-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others demonstrated outside the United Nations in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-NLM_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLM-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laboratory researchers in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S</a>. offered some support for the Soviets, at least before the news of Laika's death.<sup id="cite_ref-NLM_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLM-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NSMR_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSMR-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Experimental_data">Experimental data</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Experimental data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cosmic ray detector transmitted for one week, going silent on 9 November when its battery was exhausted. The experiment reported unexpected results the day after launch, noting an increase in high-energy charged particles from a normal 18 pulses/sec to 72 pulses/sec at the highest latitudes of its orbit. Per two articles in the Soviet newspaper <a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a>, the particle flux increased with altitude as well. It is likely that Sputnik 2 was detecting the lower levels of the <a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Allen Belt">Van Allen Belt</a> when it reached the <a href="/wiki/Apogee" class="mw-redirect" title="Apogee">apogee</a> of its orbit. However, because Sputnik 2 telemetry could only be received when it was flying over the Soviet Union, the data set was insufficient to draw conclusions, particularly as, most of the time, Sputnik 2 traveled below the Belt.<sup id="cite_ref-race_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-race-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 32">: 32 </span></sup> Additional observational data had been received by Australian observers when the satellite was overhead, and Soviet scientists asked them for it. The secrecy-minded Soviets were not willing to give the Australians the code that would give them the ability to descramble and use the data themselves. As a result, the Australians declined to turn over their data.<sup id="cite_ref-physicstoday_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-physicstoday-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the Soviet Union missed out on its chance to get credit for the scientific discovery, which ultimately went to James Van Allen of the State University of Iowa, whose experiments on <a href="/wiki/Explorer_1" title="Explorer 1">Explorer 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Explorer_3" title="Explorer 3">Explorer 3</a> first mapped the radiation belts that now bear his name.<sup id="cite_ref-VanAllen_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanAllen-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As for the ultraviolet and X-ray photometers, they were calibrated such that they were oversaturated by orbital radiation, returning no usable data.<sup id="cite_ref-race_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-race-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 32">: 32 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surviving_examples">Surviving examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Surviving examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A USSR-built engineering model of the R-7 Sputnik 8K71PS (Sputnik II) is located at the <a href="/wiki/Cosmosphere" title="Cosmosphere">Cosmosphere</a> space museum in <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson,_Kansas" title="Hutchinson, Kansas">Hutchinson, Kansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. The museum also has a flight-ready backup of the <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a>, as well as replicas of the first two American satellites, <a href="/wiki/Explorer_1" title="Explorer 1">Explorer 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vanguard_1" title="Vanguard 1">Vanguard 1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A replica of Sputnik 2 is located at the <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Museum_of_Cosmonautics" title="Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics">Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Soviet_Union" title="Portal:Soviet Union">Soviet Union portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_space" title="Animals in space">Animals in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_artificial_satellites_and_space_probes" title="Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes">Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-log-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-log_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-log_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcDowell" class="citation web cs1">McDowell, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/data/derived/launchlog.html">"Launch Log"</a>. Jonathon's Space Report<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Launch+Log&rft.pub=Jonathon%27s+Space+Report&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanet4589.org%2Fspace%2Fgcat%2Fdata%2Fderived%2Flaunchlog.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nssdcsput2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nssdcsput2_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1957-002A">"Sputnik 2 Launch and Trajectory Information"</a>. <i>NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Space+Science+Data+Coordinated+Archive&rft.atitle=Sputnik+2+Launch+and+Trajectory+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2FdisplayTrajectory.action%3Fid%3D1957-002A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-challenge-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-challenge_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-challenge_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-challenge_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-challenge_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-challenge_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-challenge_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-challenge_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-challenge_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-challenge_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqi2000" class="citation book cs1">Siddiqi, Asif A. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nasa_techdoc_20000088626/"><i>Challenge To Apollo: The Soviet Union and The Space Race, 1945-1974</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Challenge+To+Apollo%3A+The+Soviet+Union+and+The+Space+Race%2C+1945-1974&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Siddiqi&rft.aufirst=Asif+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnasa_techdoc_20000088626%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rsp-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rsp_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rsp_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rsp_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rsp_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rsp_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rsp_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rsp_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_HarveyOlga_Zakutnyaya2011" class="citation book cs1">Brian Harvey; Olga Zakutnyaya (2011). <i>Russian Space Probes: Scientific Discoveries and Future Missions</i>. Chichester,UK: Springer Praxis Books. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1316077842">1316077842</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+Space+Probes%3A+Scientific+Discoveries+and+Future+Missions&rft.place=Chichester%2CUK&rft.pub=Springer+Praxis+Books&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1316077842&rft.au=Brian+Harvey&rft.au=Olga+Zakutnyaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-drew-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-drew_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drew_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drew_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drew_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_LePage2017" class="citation web cs1">Andrew LePage (3 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drewexmachina.com/2017/11/03/sputnik-2-the-first-animal-in-orbit/">"Sputnik 2: The First Animal in Orbit"</a>. <i>Drew Ex Machina</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drew+Ex+Machina&rft.atitle=Sputnik+2%3A+The+First+Animal+in+Orbit&rft.date=2017-11-03&rft.au=Andrew+LePage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drewexmachina.com%2F2017%2F11%2F03%2Fsputnik-2-the-first-animal-in-orbit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLogsdon2000" class="citation book cs1">Logsdon, Launius (2000). <i>Reconsidering Sputnik: Forty years since the Soviet satellite</i>. Australia: Hardwood Academic. pp. 86, 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5702-623-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-5702-623-6"><bdi>90-5702-623-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reconsidering+Sputnik%3A+Forty+years+since+the+Soviet+satellite&rft.place=Australia&rft.pages=86%2C+101&rft.pub=Hardwood+Academic&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=90-5702-623-6&rft.aulast=Logsdon&rft.aufirst=Launius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/sputnik2_design.html">"Russian Space Web"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+Space+Web&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.russianspaceweb.com%2Fsputnik2_design.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SP100-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SP100_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Significant Achievements in Solar Physics 1958–1964</i>. NASA. 1966. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/860060668">860060668</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Significant+Achievements+in+Solar+Physics+1958%E2%80%931964&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F860060668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAP-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NAP_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommittee_on_the_Navy's_Needs_in_Space_for_Providing_Future_Capabilities,_Naval_Studies_Board,_Division_on_Engineering_and_Physical_Sciences,_National_Research_Council_of_the_National_Academies2005" class="citation book cs1">Committee on the Navy's Needs in Space for Providing Future Capabilities, Naval Studies Board, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Research Council of the National Academies (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nap.edu/read/11299/chapter/8#157">"Appendix A: Department of the Navy History in Space"</a>. <i>The Navy's Needs in Space for Providing Future Capabilities</i>. The National Academies Press. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F11299">10.17226/11299</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-18120-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-18120-4"><bdi>978-0-309-18120-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107015833/https://www.nap.edu/read/11299/chapter/8#157">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+A%3A+Department+of+the+Navy+History+in+Space&rft.btitle=The+Navy%27s+Needs+in+Space+for+Providing+Future+Capabilities&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=The+National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F11299&rft.isbn=978-0-309-18120-4&rft.au=Committee+on+the+Navy%27s+Needs+in+Space+for+Providing+Future+Capabilities%2C+Naval+Studies+Board%2C+Division+on+Engineering+and+Physical+Sciences%2C+National+Research+Council+of+the+National+Academies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fread%2F11299%2Fchapter%2F8%23157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zaloga, Stephen J.. <i>The Kremlin's Nuclear Sword</i>, Washington. The Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002, p. 232. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58834-007-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-58834-007-4">1-58834-007-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPUT1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SPUT1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SPUT1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrahn" class="citation web cs2">Grahn, Sven, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svengrahn.pp.se/histind/Sputnik2/sputnik2more.html">"Sputnik-2, more news from distant history"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924112150/http://www.svengrahn.pp.se/histind/Sputnik2/sputnik2more.html">archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2004</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sputnik-2%2C+more+news+from+distant+history&rft.aulast=Grahn&rft.aufirst=Sven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.svengrahn.pp.se%2Fhistind%2FSputnik2%2Fsputnik2more.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JAP-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JAP_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2001" class="citation cs2">West, John B. (1 October 2001), "Historical aspects of the early Soviet/Russian manned space program", <i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, <b>91</b> (4): 1501–1511, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fjappl.2001.91.4.1501">10.1152/jappl.2001.91.4.1501</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11568130">11568130</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24284107">24284107</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Physiology&rft.atitle=Historical+aspects+of+the+early+Soviet%2FRussian+manned+space+program&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1501-1511&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24284107%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11568130&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1152%2Fjappl.2001.91.4.1501&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beischer1962-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beischer1962_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeischerFregly1962" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Beischer, DE; Fregly, AR (1962), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150811085105/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/9288">"Animals and man in space. A chronology and annotated bibliography through the year 1960"</a>, <i>US Naval School of Aviation Medicine</i>, ONR TR ACR-64 (AD0272581), archived from the original on 11 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=US+Naval+School+of+Aviation+Medicine&rft.atitle=Animals+and+man+in+space.+A+chronology+and+annotated+bibliography+through+the+year+1960&rft.volume=ONR+TR+ACR-64&rft.issue=AD0272581&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Beischer&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.au=Fregly%2C+AR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.rubicon-foundation.org%2F9288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AZ-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AZ_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZak1999" class="citation web cs2">Zak, Anatoly (3 November 1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060220234602/http://www.space.com/news/laika_anniversary_991103.html">"The True Story of Laika the Dog"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Space.com" title="Space.com">Space.com</a></i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/news/laika_anniversary_991103.html">the original</a> on 20 February 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2023</span>, <q>Recently, several Russian sources revealed that Laika survived in orbit for four days and then died when the cabin overheated.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=The+True+Story+of+Laika+the+Dog&rft.date=1999-11-03&rft.aulast=Zak&rft.aufirst=Anatoly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fnews%2Flaika_anniversary_991103.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DM-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DM_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalashenkov2002" class="citation cs2">Malashenkov, D. C. (2002), "Abstract:Some Unknown Pages of the Living Organisms' First Orbital Flight", <i>IAF Abstracts</i>: 288, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002iaf..confE.288M">2002iaf..confE.288M</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IAF+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Abstract%3ASome+Unknown+Pages+of+the+Living+Organisms%27+First+Orbital+Flight&rft.pages=288&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002iaf..confE.288M&rft.aulast=Malashenkov&rft.aufirst=D.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing-Heele,_D.G.Walker,_D.M.C.1958" class="citation journal cs1">King-Heele, D.G.; Walker, D.M.C. (1958-08-16). "The Last Minutes of Satellite 1957β (Sputnik 2)". <i>Nature</i>. <b>182</b> (4633): 426. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958Natur.182..426K">1958Natur.182..426K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F182426a0">10.1038/182426a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4153514">4153514</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+Last+Minutes+of+Satellite+1957%CE%B2+%28Sputnik+2%29&rft.volume=182&rft.issue=4633&rft.pages=426&rft.date=1958-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4153514%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F182426a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1958Natur.182..426K&rft.au=King-Heele%2C+D.G.&rft.au=Walker%2C+D.M.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-race-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-race_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-race_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-race_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-race_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox1962" class="citation book cs1">Cox, Donald W. (1962). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spaceracefromspu00coxd"><i>The space race; from Sputnik to Apollo, and beyond</i></a></span>. Philadelphia: Chilton Books. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/62018224">62018224</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+space+race%3B+from+Sputnik+to+Apollo%2C+and+beyond&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Chilton+Books&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F62018224&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Donald+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspaceracefromspu00coxd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NLM-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NLM_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NLM_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NLM_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/animals/laika.html">"Animals as Cold Warriors: Missiles, Medicine and Man's Best Friend"</a>, National Library of Medicine, 19 June 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151006132551/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/animals/laika.html">archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Animals+as+Cold+Warriors%3A+Missiles%2C+Medicine+and+Man%27s+Best+Friend&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.date=2006-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fexhibition%2Fanimals%2Flaika.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCold-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBCold_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/3/newsid_3191000/3191083.stm"><i>On this day</i></a>, BBC, 3 November 1957, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151008161445/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/3/newsid_3191000/3191083.stm">archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+this+day&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=1957-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fnovember%2F3%2Fnewsid_3191000%2F3191083.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NSMR-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NSMR_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/animals/images/laika7Big.jpg">"Human Guinea Pigs and Sputnik 2"</a>, National Society for Medical Research, November 1957, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520210547/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/animals/images/laika7Big.jpg">archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Guinea+Pigs+and+Sputnik+2&rft.pub=National+Society+for+Medical+Research&rft.date=1957-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fexhibition%2Fanimals%2Fimages%2Flaika7Big.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-physicstoday-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-physicstoday_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_N._BakerMikhail_I._Panasyuk2017" class="citation web cs1">Daniel N. Baker; Mikhail I. Panasyuk (1 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article/70/12/46/904087/Discovering-Earth-s-radiation-beltsSix-decades">"Discovering Earth's radiation belts"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discovering+Earth%27s+radiation+belts&rft.date=2017-12-01&rft.au=Daniel+N.+Baker&rft.au=Mikhail+I.+Panasyuk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.aip.org%2Fphysicstoday%2Farticle%2F70%2F12%2F46%2F904087%2FDiscovering-Earth-s-radiation-beltsSix-decades&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VanAllen-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VanAllen_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Van_Allen1960" class="citation book cs1">James Van Allen (1960). "The Geomagnetically Trapped Corpuscular Particles". In Robert Jastrow (ed.). <i>The Exploration of Space</i>. New York: The MacMillan Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/853599">853599</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Geomagnetically+Trapped+Corpuscular+Particles&rft.btitle=The+Exploration+of+Space&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+MacMillan+Company&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F853599&rft.au=James+Van+Allen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cosmo.org/explore/attractions/hall-of-space-museum/">"Hall of Space Museum"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cosmosphere" title="Cosmosphere">Cosmosphere</a></i>. 2 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022023055/https://cosmo.org/explore/attractions/hall-of-space-museum/">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cosmosphere&rft.atitle=Hall+of+Space+Museum&rft.date=2022-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcosmo.org%2Fexplore%2Fattractions%2Fhall-of-space-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASputnik+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sputnik-2" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sputnik-2">Sputnik-2</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mentallandscape.com/S_Sputnik.htm">Sputnik: 50 Years Ago</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/sputnik2.html">Anatoly Zak on Sputnik-2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Sputnik/Sputnik2.php">Sputnik 2 Diary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1957-002A">NSSDC Master Catalog: Spacecraft Sputnik 2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060831060945/http://astronautix.com/craft/sputnik2.htm">Sputnik 2 at Astronautix</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1956Orbital_launches_in_19571958_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1957" title="Template:Orbital launches in 1957"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_1957" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 1957"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1957" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 1957"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1956Orbital_launches_in_19571958_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/1956_in_spaceflight" title="1956 in spaceflight">← 1956</a></div><a href="/wiki/1957_in_spaceflight" title="1957 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">1957</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/1958_in_spaceflight" title="1958 in spaceflight">1958 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aerobee#First_payload_to_interplanetary_space" title="Aerobee">Aerobee USAF-88</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sputnik 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_TV-3" title="Vanguard TV-3">Vanguard TV-3</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&oldid=1255228344">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&oldid=1255228344</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biosatellites" title="Category:Biosatellites">Biosatellites</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_launched_in_1957" title="Category:Spacecraft launched in 1957">Spacecraft launched in 1957</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1957_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:1957 in the Soviet Union">1957 in the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Earth_observation_satellites_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Earth observation satellites of the Soviet Union">Earth observation satellites of the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_which_reentered_in_1958" title="Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 1958">Spacecraft which reentered in 1958</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soviet_inventions" title="Category:Soviet inventions">Soviet inventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sputnik" title="Category:Sputnik">Sputnik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1958_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:1958 in the Soviet Union">1958 in the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_testing_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Animal testing in the Soviet Union">Animal testing in the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dogs_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Dogs in the Soviet Union">Dogs in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Source_attribution" title="Category:Source attribution">Source attribution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Russian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Russian IPA">Pages with Russian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 November 2024, at 20:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dfb9d98f5-z5n2k","wgBackendResponseTime":156,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.711","walltime":"0.949","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8910,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":102933,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5409,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":109519,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 875.837 1 -total"," 22.34% 195.623 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.56% 171.295 7 Template:Infobox"," 14.84% 130.001 1 Template:IPA"," 13.75% 120.450 20 Template:Rp"," 13.12% 114.912 21 Template:R/superscript"," 13.11% 114.834 1 Template:Infobox_spaceflight"," 11.80% 103.373 1 Template:Orbital_launches_in_1957"," 11.62% 101.731 1 Template:Navbox"," 10.43% 91.384 10 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.418","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20332161,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-4vrt4","timestamp":"20241125142801","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sputnik 2","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sputnik_2","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q190555","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q190555","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-09-07T22:05:19Z","dateModified":"2024-11-03T20:57:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/33\/Laika_ac_Sputnik_2_Replica_%286995685051%29.jpg","headline":"Soviet artificial satellite that took the dog Laika to the space"}</script> </body> </html>